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________________ DA0 prema sumana jaina, ema0 e0, AcArya, pI-eca0 DI0 [vizruta bhASAzAstrI, lekhaka tathA sahAyaka prophesara prAkRta saMskRta vibhAga udayapura vizvavidyAlaya] mevAr3a kA prAkRta, apabhraMza evaM saMskRta sAhitya mevAr3a na kevala zaurya evaM dezabhakti ke lie hI prasiddha hai, kintu sAhitya, saMskRti evaM kalA kI samRddhi ke lie bhI usakA gaurava bhArata vidyuta rahA hai| prAcIna Arya bhASA prAkRta apabhraMza evaM saMskRta sAhitya ke vikAsa meM jaina manISiyoM ke yogadAna kA eka rekhAMkana prastuta hai yahA~ / rAjasthAna ke itihAsa meM mevAr3a jitanA zaurya aura dezabhakti ke lie prasiddha hai, utanA hI sAhitya aura kalA kI samRddhi ke lie bhI / isa bhU-bhAga meM prAcIna samaya se vibhinna bhASAoM ke mUrdhanya sAhityakAra sAhitya sarjanA karate rahe haiN| usameM jaina dharma ke anuyAyI sAhityakAroM kA paryApta yogadAna hai| prAkRta, apabhraMza evaM saMskRta bhASA meM kaI utkRSTa grantha ina kaviyoM dvArA likhe gaye haiM / ina bhASAoM ke kucha pramukha kaviyoM kI una katipaya racanAoM kA mUlyAMkana yahA~ prastuta hai, jinakA praNayana mevAr3a pradeza meM huA hai tathA jinake racanAkAroM kA mevAr3a se sambandha rahA hai / prAkRta sAhitya rAjasthAna kA sabase prAcIna sAhityakAra mevAr3a meM hI huA hai| AcArya siddhasena divAkara 5-6 vIM zatAbdI ke bahuta vidvAna the| 'divAkara' kI padavI inheM cittaur3a meM hI prApta huI thii| ataH inakI sAhitya sAdhanA kA kendra prAyaH mevAr3a pradeza hI rahA hogA / prAkRta bhASA meM likhA huA inakA 'sanmati tarka' nAmaka grantha aba taka rAjasthAna kI prArambhika racanA mAnI jAtI hai| nyAya aura darzana kA yaha anUThA grantha hai| isameM prAkRta kI kula 166 gAthAe~ haiM, jinameM jaina nyAya ke vibhinna pakSoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isa grantha ke prathama kANDa meM naya ke bhedoM aura anekAnta kI maryAdA kA varNana hai / dvitIya kANDa meM darzana jJAna kI mImAMsA kI gaI hai| tRtIya kANDa meM utpAda, vyaya, dhauvya tathA anekAnta kI dRSTi se jJayatattva kA vivecana hai| jaina darzana ke isa prAcIna grantha para aneka TIkAe~ likhI gayI haiM / AThavIM zatAbdI meM mevAr3a meM prAkRta ke kaI mUrdhanya sAhityakAra hue haiN| unameM AcArya haribhadra, elAcArya, vIrasena Adi pramukha haiM / ina AcAryoM ne svayaM prAkRta sAhitya kI samRddhi kI hai tathA aise aneka ziSyoM ko bhI taiyAra kiyA hai jo prAkRta ke prasiddha sAhityakAra hue haiM / AcArya haribhadra kA janma cittaur3a meM huA thA / ye janma se brAhmaNa the, tathA rAjA jitAri ke purohita the / 2 jaina dIkSA grahaNa karane ke bAda haribhadrasUri ne jaina vAG maya kI apUrva sevA kI hai| prAcIna AgamoM para TIkAe~ evaM svatantra maulika grantha mI inhoMne likhe haiM / darzana va sAhitya viSaya para ApakI vibhinna racanAoM meM prAkRta ke ye grantha adhika prasiddha haiM- samarAiccakahA, ghUrtAkhyAna, upadezapada, dhammasaMgahaNI, yogazataka, saMvohapagaraNa Adi / 1. saMghavI, sukhalAla, 'sanmatiprakaraNa', prastAvanA, 1663 / 2. saMghavI, 'samadarzI AcArya haribhadra' 1663 / 3. zAstrI, nemicandra, 'haribhadra ke prAkRta kathA - sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana', draSTavya | Kaam M fa pihi 000000000000 57 * 001401001/ 000000000000
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________________ 200 | pUjya pravartaka zrI ambAlAla jI mahArAja-abhinandana grantha 000000000000 000000000000 NEPA JAMAP mANa THAN . . . . 'samarAiccakahA' prAkRta kathAoM kI aneka vizeSatAoM se yukta hai| isameM ujjaina ke rAjakumAra samarAditya ke nau bhavoM kI sarasa kathA vaNita hai| vastutaH yaha kathA sadAcArI evaM durAcArI vyaktiyoM ke jIvana-saMgharSa kI kathA hai| kAvyAtmaka dRSTi se isa kathA meM aneka manorama citra haiN| prAcIna bhArata ke sAMskRtika jIvana kA jItA-jAgatA udAharaNa hai-samarAiccakahA / 'dhUrtAkhyAna' vyaMgopahAsa-zailI meM likhI gayI anUThI racanA haiN| AcArya haribhadra ne ise cittaur3a meM likhA thaa| isa grantha meM haribhadra ne purANoM, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata Adi kI kathAoM kI aprAkRtika, avaijJAnika, abauddhika mAnyatAoM tathA pravRttiyoM kA kathA ke mAdhyama se nirAkaraNa kiyA hai| kathA kA vyaMgya dhvaMzAtmaka na hokara racanAtmaka hai / 'upadezapada' meM prAkRta kI 70 prAkRta kathAe~ dI gayI haiM / 'dazavakAlika TIkA' meM bhI prAkRta kI 30 kathAe~ upalabdha hotI haiM / ina kathAoM meM nIti evaM upadeza pradhAna kathAe~ adhika haiM / 'saMvohapagaraNa' kA dUsarA nAma tattva prakAza bhI hai| isameM devasvarUpa tathA sAdhuoM ke AcAra-vicAra kA varNana hai / 'dhammasaMgahaNI' meM dArzanika siddhAntoM kA vivecana hai|" isa prakAra haribhadra ne na kevala apane maulika kathA-granthoM dvArA prAkRta sAhitya ko samRddha kiyA hai, apitu TIkAgranthoM meM / bhI prAkRta ke prayoga dvArA mevAr3a meM prAkRta ke pracAra-prasAra ko bala diyA hai| AcArya haribhadra ke ziSyoM meM uddyotanasUri prAkRta ke sazakta kathAkAra hue haiN| unhoMne haribhadra se siddhAntagranthoM kA adhyayana kiyA thA / yadyapi uddyotanasUri ne apanI prasiddha kRti 'kuvalayamAlAkahA' kI racanA jAlaura meM kI thI, kintu adhyayana kI dRSTi se unakA mevAr3a se sambandha rahA hai / mevAr3a ke prAkRta-kathA-granthoM kI paramparA meM hI unakI kuvalayamAlA kI racanA huI hai| yadyapi vaha apane svarUpa aura sAmagrI kI dRSTi se viziSTa racanA hai| aise hI prAkRta ke do AcArya aura haiM, jinakA cittaur3a se ghaniSTha sambandha rahA hai, kintu unakI koI racanA mevAr3a meM nahIM likhI gayI hai / ve haiM-elAcArya evaM AcArya vIrasena / elAcArya mevAr3a ke prasiddha vidvAn the / ve vIrasena ke zikSA guru the| indranandi ne apane 'zru tAvatAra' meM elAcArya ke sambandha meM likhA hai ki bappadeva ke pazcAt kucha varSa bIta jAne para siddhAntazAstra ke rahasya jJAtA ailAcArya hue| ye citrakUTa (cittaur3a) nagara ke nivAsI the| inake pAsa meM rahakara vIrasenAcArya ne sakala siddhAntoM kA adhyayana kara nibandhana Adi ATha adhikAroM (dhavalA TIkA) ko likhA thA / vIrasena ne dhavalA TIkA zaka samvat 738 (816 I.saM.) meM samApta kI thii| ataH elAcArya AThavIM zatAbdI meM cittaur3a rahate rahe hoMge / inakA koI grantha upalabdha nahIM hai / ataH ye vAcaka guru ke rUpa meM hI prasiddha the| AcArya vIrasena ne cittaur3a meM apanA adhyayana kiyA thaa| guru elAcArya kI anumati se inhoMne vATagrAma (bar3odA) ko apanA kAryakSetra banAyA thA / vIrasena saMskRta, prAkRta Adi bhASAoM ke prakANDa paNDita the| inhoMne 72000 zloka-pramANa samasta khaNDAgama kI dhavalA TIkA likhI hai / tathA kaSAyaprAbhRta kI cAra vibhaktiyoM kI 20,000 zloka pramANa jayadhavalATIkA likhane ke uparAnta inakA svargavAsa ho gayA thaa| AcArya vIrasena kI ye donoM TIkAe~ unakI agAdha pratibhA aura pANDitya kI paricAyaka haiM / jisa prakAra 'mahAbhArata' meM vaidika paramparA kI samasta sAmagrI grathita hai, usI prakAra vIrasena kI ina TIkAoM meM jaina darzana ke sabhI pakSa pratipAdita hue haiN| bhAratIya darzana, zilpa evaM vibhinna vidyAoM kI bharapUra sAmagrI ina TIkA granthoM meM hai| inakI bhASA prAkRta aura saMskRta kA mizrita rUpa hai| U mmy MITIES ....... WARNIN RS ...... . IIHIDILA girimAra 1. jaina, jagadIzacandra, 'prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa', pR0 332 / 2. jaina, premasumana, 'kuvalayamAlAkahA kA sAMskRtika adhyayana, vaizAlI, 1975 / 3. kAle gate kiyatyapi tataH punazcitrakUTapuravAsI / zrImAnelAcAryo babhUva siddhAntatatvajJaH / / tasya samIpe sakalaM siddhAntamaghItya vIrasena guruH / uparitamanibandhanAdyAdhikArAnaSTa ca likhi / / -zru tAvatAra, zloka, 177-78 / 4. dhavalA TIkA, prathama pustaka, prastAvanA / - PARAN DOHO VDO 280 GURUDRUITELiend FoPrivateersonali
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________________ mevAr3a kA prAkRta, apabhraMza evaM saMskRta sAhitya | 201 000000000000 000000000000 TERR mevAr3a ke prAkRta-sAhitya kI samRddhi meM padmanandi (prathama) kA bhI yoga hai / inakI tInoM racanAe~-'jaMbUdIvapaNNatti', 'dhammarasAyaNa', evaM 'paMcasaMgraha' prAkRta meM hai / inake granthoM se jJAta hotA hai ki ye rAjasthAna ke pramukha kavi the / 'jaMbUdIvapaNNatti' nAmaka grantha bArAM nagara meM likhA gayA thA / ataH ye koTA ke samIpastha pradeza ke nivAsI the| inakI jaMbUdIvapaNNatti meM kula 2426 gAthAe~ haiM, jinameM manuSya kSetra, madhyaloka, pAtAla loka aura Urdhvaloka kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai / jaina bhUgola kI dRSTi se yaha atyanta mahattvapUrNa grantha hai / 'dhammarasAyaNa' meM kula 163 gAthAe~ haiM / isa grantha meM dharma kA svarUpa evaM sAMsArika bhogoM se virakta hone ke lie naitika niyamoM kA vivecana hai / 'paMcasaMgrahavRtti' karma- siddhAnta kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| 12vIM zatAbdI meM rAjasthAna meM prAkRta ke kathAkAra hue haiM-lakSmaNagaNi / inhoMne vi0 saM0 1166 (I0 saM0 1642) meM mANDalagar3ha meM 'supAsanAhacariya' kI racanA kI thii| mevAr3a meM inakA vicaraNa hotA rahatA thaa| supArzvanAthacarita meM inhoMne tIrthakara supArzvanAtha kA carita likhA hai / isa padyAtmaka grantha meM upadeza kI pradhAnatA hai / aneka lokakathAoM ke dvArA naitika AdarzoM ko samajhAyA gayA hai / yadyapi yaha grantha prAkRta meM likhA gayA hai, kintu bIca-bIca meM / saMskRta aura apabhraMza kA bhI prayoga huA hai / yathA eha dhammu paramAtthu kahijjai / taM parapIDi hoi taM na hijji|| kathAoM ke atirikta isa grantha meM kaI subhASitoM kA bhI saMgraha hai| kavi ne kahA hai ki saMsAra rUpI ghara ke pramAdarUpI agni se jalane para moha rUpI nidrA meM sote hue puruSa ko jo jagAtA hai vaha mitra hai, aura jo use jagAne se rokatA hai vaha amitra hai bhavagiha majjhammi pamAyajalaNajalayammi mohanihAe / jo jaggavai sa mittaM vAraMtA so puNa amittaM // mevAr3a meM kharataragaccha ke AcAryoM kA paryApta prabhAva rahA hai| unhoMne prAkRta, apabhraMza evaM saMskRta Adi bhASAoM meM aneka racanAe~ likhI haiN| jinavallabhasUri kA kAryakSetra mevAr3a pradeza thaa| inheM cittaur3a meM saM0 1167 meM AcArya pada milA thaa| inakI lagabhaga 17 racanAe~ prAkRta meM likhI gayIM haiN| unameM 'dvAdaza kule', 'sUkSmArthavicArasAra', .. 'piMDa vizuddhi', 'tIrthakara stuti' Adi prasiddha haiN| jinavallabhasUri prAkRta evaM saMskRta ke adhikArI vidvAn the| unhoMne 'bhAvArivAraNastotra' prAkRta aura saMskRta meM samazlokI likhA hai / inake paTTadhara jinadattasUri rAjasthAna ke kalpavRkSa mAne jAte haiN| inakI 10-11 racanAe~ prAkRta meM haiN| unameM 'gaNadharasArdhazataka' evaM 'sandehadohAvalI' ullekhanIya hai| jaina AcAryoM ke jIvana-caritra kI dRSTi se ye grantha mahattvapUrNa hai| cittaur3a ke prAkRta kaviyoM meM jinaharSagaNi kA bhI pramukha sthAna hai| inhoMne 'ratnazekharIkathA' cittaur3a meM prAkRta meM likhI thii| isase siMhaladvIpa kI rAjakumArI ratnavatI kI kathA vaNita hai| isa siMhala kI pahacAna DA0 gaurIzaMkara ojhA ne cittaur3a se karIba 40 mIla pUrva meM 'siMgolI' nAmaka sthAna se kI hai (ojhA nibandha saMgraha, bhAga 2, pR0 281) / apabhraMza-sAhitya mevAr3a meM prAkRta va saMskRta kI apekSA apabhraMza ke kavi kama hue haiM / hariSeNa, dhanapAla, jinadatta evaM vimalakIti mevAr3a se sambandhita apabhraMza ke kavi haiM / yadyapi mevAr3a pradeza meM apabhraMza kI kaI racanAe~ surakSita haiM, kintu unameM racanA sthala Adi kA ullekha na hone se unheM mevAr3a meM racita nahIM kahA jA sktaa| 1. zAstrI, nemicandra, 'tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA' bhAga 3, pR0 110-121 / 2. zAstrI, hIrAlAla, 'paMcasaMgraha', prastAvanA / 3. desAI, 'jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa', pR0 275 / 4. 'maNidhArI zrI jinacandrasUri smRtigrantha', pR0 20 5. nAhaTA, 'dAdA jindttsuuri'| 6. nAhaTA, 'rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI gauravapUrNa paramparA', pR0 32 /
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________________ 000000000000 * 000000000000 4000DCODED 202 | pUjya pravartaka zrI ambAlAlajI mahArAja - abhinandana grantha hariSeNa evaM dhammaparikkhA hariSeNa ne apanI dhammaparikkhA vi0 saM0 1044 meM likhI thI / isa grantha kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki mevAr3a deza meM vividha kalAoM meM pAraMgata eka hari nAma ke vyakti the / ye zrI ojapura ke dhakkar3a kula ke vaMzaja the / inake eka gobarddhana nAma kA dharmAtmA putra thA / unakI patnI kA nAma guNavatI thA, jo jaina dharma meM pragAr3ha zraddhA rakhane vAlI thI / unake hariSeNa nAma kA eka putra huA, jo vidvAn kavi ke rUpa meM prasiddha huA / usane kisI kAraNavaza cittaur3a ko chor3akara acalapura meM nivAsa kiyA / vahA~ usane chanda - alaMkAra kA adhyayana kara 'dharmaparIkSA' nAmaka grantha likhA / 1 hariSeNa ne dharma parIkSA kI racanA prAkRta kI jayarAma kRta dhammaparikkhA ke AdhAra para kI thI / inhoMne jisa prakAra se pUrva kaviyoM kA smaraNa kiyA hai, usase hariSeNa kI vinamratA evaM vibhinna zAstroM meM nipuNatA pragaTa hotI hai / dharma parIkSA grantha bhAratIya dharmoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai / isameM vaidika dharma ke pariprekSya meM jaina-dharma kI zra eSThatA pratipAdita kI gayI hai| do samAnAntara dharmoM ko sAmane rakhakara unake guNa-doSoM kA vivecana prastuta karanA eka prAcIna mithaka hai, jo ina dharma parIkSA jaise granthoM ke rUpa meM vikasita huA hai / hariSeNa ne isa grantha meM avatAravAda, paurANika kathAnaka tathA vaidika kriyAkANDoM kA tarkasaMgata khaNDana kiyA hai, sAtha hI aneka kAvyAtmaka varNana bhI prastuta kiye haiM / 11vIM sandhi ke prathama kaDavaka meM mevAr3a deza kA ramaNIya citraNa kiyA gayA hai / kahA gayA hai ki isa deza ke udyAna, sarovara, bhavana Adi sabhI dRSTiyoM se sundara va manohara haiN| yathA jo ujjANahiM sohai kheyara maNi-kaMcaNa-kama puNNahi vaNNa mohai vallI harihi visAlahi / khaNNahi purihiM sa goura sAlahi / / dhanapAla evaM bhavisayattakahA dhanapAla apabhraMza ke sazakta lekhakoM meM se haiM / inhoMne yadyapi apane grantha 'bhavisayattakahA' meM usake racanA sthala kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai, kintu apane kula dhakkar3a vaMza kA ullekha kiyA hai| inake pitA kA nAma mAyezvara aura mAtA kA nAma dhanazrI thA / yaha dhakkar3a vaMza mevAr3a kI prasiddha jAti hai / delavAr3A meM tejapAla ke vi. saM. 1287 ke abhilekha mevAr3a kA apabhraMza meM gharakaTa ( dhakkar3a) jAti kA ullekha hai / ataH dhakkar3a vaMza meM utpanna hone ke kAraNa dhanapAla ko kavi svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai / 'bhavisayattakahA' apabhraMza kA mahattvapUrNa kathAkAvya hai / kavi ne isameM laukika nAyaka ke caritra kA utkarSa dikhAyA hai| eka vyApArI ke putra bhavisayatta kI sampatti kA varNana karate hue kavi ne usake sautele bhAI, bandhudatta ke kapaTa kA citraNa kiyA hai / bhavisayatta aneka sthAnoM kA bhramaNa karatA huA kumarAja aura takSazilArAja ke yuddha meM bhI sammilita hotA hai / kathA ke anta meM bhavisayatta evaM usake sAthiyoM ke pUrva janma aura bhaviSya janma kA varNana hai / kavi ne isa grantha meM zrutapaMcamIvrata kA mAhAtmya pradarzita kiyA hai| vastutaH yaha kathA sAdhu aura asAdhu pravRtti vAle do vyaktitvoM kI 1. iya mevAr3a - desi - jaNa saMkuli, siri ujapura Niggaya dhakkar3akuli / pAva-kariMda kumbha-dAraNahari jAu kalAhiM kusalu NAhari / tAsu putta para NArisahoyaru, guNa-gaNa- Nihi-kula-gayaNa - divAyaru / govaDDhaNu NAme uppaNau, jo sammattarayaNa sapuNNau / taho govaDDhaNAsu piya guNavai, jo jiNavarapaya Niccavi paNavai / tAe jaNi hariSeNe nAma suu, jo saMjAu vibuha kai - vissu / siri cittauDu caivi acalauraho, gayau Niya- kajje jiNaharapa raho / tahi chaMdAlaMkAra pasAhiya, dhammaparikkha eha teM sAhiya / 2. ghakkar3a vaNi vaise mAesaraho samubbhaviNa / ghaNasiri ho vi suveNa viraiu sarasai saMbhaviNa // bha. ka. 1, 6 phaka -dha0 pa0 11, 26
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________________ mevAr3a kA prAkRta, apabhraMza evaM saMskRta sAhitya | 203 000000000000 000000000000 . kathA hai| yaha eka romAMcaka kAvya hai| isameM kAvyAtmaka varNanoM kI bhI kamI nahIM hai|' subhASita evaM lokottiyoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai / yathA--"ki ghiu hoi virolae paannie|" -(bha. ka. 2, 7, 8) vimalakIrti evaM sokhavaivihANakahA vimalakIti ko rAmakIrti kA ziSya kahA gayA hai / jayakIti ke ziSya rAmakIti ne vi. saM. 1207 meM cittaur3a meM eka prazasti likhI hai| ataH vimalakIrti kA sambandha bhI cittaur3a se banA rahA hogaa| vimalakIti kI eka hI racanA 'sokhavaIbihANakahA' upalabdha hai| isameM vrata ke vidhAnoM kA phala nirUpita hai| jinadatta evaM apabhraMzakAvyatrayI jinadattasUri ne cittaur3a meM apane guru jinavallabhasUri kI gaddI samhAlI thii| inakA kAryakSetra rAjasthAna ke kaI bhAgoM meM thaa| mevAr3a ke sAhityakAra ina jinadattasUri kI apabhraMza kI tIna racanAe~ upalabdha haiM-(1) upadezarasAyanarAsa, (2) kAlasvarUpa kulaka aura (3) carcarI / ye tInoM racanAe~ apabhraMza kAvyatrayI ke nAma se prakAzita haiN| 'upadezarasAyanarAsa' 80 padyoM kI racanA hai / maMgalAcaraNa ke uparAnta isameM saMsAra-sAgara se pAra hone ke lie sadguru kI AvazyakatA pratipAdita kI gayI hai| anta meM gRhasthoM ke lie bhI sadupadeza haiN| dharma meM aDiga rahate hue yadi koI vyakti dharma meM vidhAta karane vAle ko yuddha meM mAra bhI detA hai to usakA dharma naSTa nahIM hotaa| vaha paramapada ko prApta karatA hai| dhammiu dhammukajju sAhatau, paru mArai kI vai jajjhatau / tu vi tasu dhammu atthi na hu nAsai, paramapai nivasai so sAsai / / -(upa. 26) 'kAlasvarUpa kulaka' meM jinadattasUri ne dharma ke prati Adara karane aura acche guru tathA bure guru kI pahacAna karane ko kahA hai| gRhasthoM ko sadAcAra meM pravRtta karanA hI kavi kA uddezya hai / jinadattasUri ne apanI tIsarI racanA 'carcarI' kI racanA vyAghrapura nagara (vAgar3a pradeza) meM kI thii| isameM 47 padyoM dvArA unhoMne apane guru jinavallamasUri kA guNagAna tathA caitya-vidhiyoM kA vidhAna kiyA hai| saMskRta-sAhitya mevAr3a pradeza meM saMskRta sAhitya kA lekhana guptakAla meM hI prArambha ho gayA thaa| maMvara mAtA kA zilAlekha vi. saM. 547 kA hai, jo saMskRta meM kAvyamaya bhASA meM likhA gayA hai / isake bAda saMskRta kI kaI prazastiyA~ mevAr3a meM likhI gayI haiM, jo aitihAsika aura kAvyAtmaka dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai, kintu svatantra rUpa se saMskRta meM kAvya grantha yahAM madhyayuga meM hI likhe gaye haiN| rAjAoM ke Azraya meM rahane vAle kaviyoM ne vibhinna viSayoM para khaNDakAvya va muktakakAvya likhe haiM / prAkRta kI bhAMti saMskRta meM bhI mevAr3a meM sarvaprathama grantha-racanA karane vAle AcArya siddhasena haiN| inake bAda aneka jaina AcAryoM ne yahA~ saMskRta ke grantha likhe haiM, jinheM jaina saMskRta kAvya ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| kintu kevala tIrthakara kI stuti kara dene athavA zrAvaka va sAdhu ke AcaraNa kA vidhAna karane se koI kAvya grantha jaina kAvya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isa prakAra kA vibhAjana karanA hI galata hai| mevAr3a ke saMskRta sAhitya ke itihAsa meM ina jaina AcAryoM dvArA praNIta kAvya utane hI mahattvapUrNa haiM, jitane anya kaviyoM ke / yahA~ jaina paramparA ke poSaka kevala una pramukha kaviyoM ke saMskRta granthoM kA mUlyAMkana prastuta hai, jinakA mevAr3a se koI na koI sambandha banA rahA hai| 1. zAstrI, devendra kumAra, 'bhavisayattakahA tathA apabhraMza kathAkAvya' 2. zAstrI, nemicandra, tI. ma. evaM unakI A. pa., bhAga 4, pR0 206 3. kochar3a, harivaMza, 'apabhraMzasAhitya', pR0 361 4. dRSTavya-purohita candrazekhara, 'mevAr3a kA saMskRta sAhitya kA yogadAna' (thIsisa), 1966 - Jan Education international :S.BLEtc
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________________ 204 | pUjya pravartaka zrI ambAlAlajI mahArAja-abhinandana grantha 000000000000 000000000000 SETNICE Supro nyAyAvatAra siddhasena divAkara kI prAkRta racanA 'sanmatiprakaraNa' ke atirikta unakI saMskRta racanAe~ bhI upalabdha haiM / 32 zloka vAlI inhoMne ikkIsa dvAtrizikAe~ tathA nyAyAvatAra nAmaka grantha saMskRta meM likhA thaa| dvAtriMzikAoM meM stuti tathA jaina darzana ke vibhinna pakSoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| nyAyaavatAra meM jaina dRSTi se pakSa, sAdhya, hetu, dRSTAnta, hetvAbhAsa Adi ke lakSaNa haiM tathA anta meM nayavAda aura anekAntavAda ke svarUpa kA spaSTa vivecana hai / jaina nyAya kA samanvita svarUpa pragaTa karane vAlA yaha sabase prAcIna grantha hai| siddhasena divAkara ne gupta yuga meM mevAr3a meM saMskRta kI aisI sazakta racanAe~ prastuta kara na kevala tArkika jagata meM jaina nyAya kI pratiSThA kI, apitu mevAr3a meM saMskRta-racanA kI paramparA ko susthira bhI kiyaa| inake adhyayana aura sAhitya-sRjana ke pariNAmasvarUpa hI cittaur3a sadiyoM taka jaina vidyA kA adhyayana kendra banA rahA / haribhadrasUri kI saMskRta racanAe~ cittaur3a ko saMskRta-sAhitya kA pradhAna kendra banAne meM AcArya haribhadra kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai| unhoMne darzana aura pramANa-zAstra kI aneka racanAe~ saMskRta meM likhI haiM / prAkRta meM likhe AgamoM ko vidvAn samAja ke sammukha vyAkhyA sahita prastuta karane meM haribhadra agraNI haiM / inhoMne AgamoM para TIkAe~ bhI likhI haiM tathA svatantra grantha bhii| inakI saMskRta racanAoM kI saMkhyA para matabheda hai| abhI taka unakI nimna saMskRta racanAe~ upalabdha haiM :1. prAcIna granthoM para TIkAeM 1. anuyogadvAra vivRtti 2. Avazyaka sUtra nivRtti 3. Avazyaka sUtra bRhat TIkA 4. caityavandana sUtra vRtti 5. jIvAjIvAbhigama sUtra laghu vRtti 6. tatvArthasUtra laghu vRtti 7. dazavakAlika bRhadvRtti 8. nandI adhyayana TIkA 6. paMca sUtra vyAkhyA 10. prajJApanA sUtra TIkA 11. dhyAnazatakavRtti 12. zrAvaka prajJapti TIkA, 13. nyAya praveza TIkA / 2. maulika grantha (TIkA sahita) 14. anekAntajayapatAkA 15. yogadRSTi samuccaya 16. zAstravArtA samuccaya 17. sarvajJasiddhi 18. hiMsASTaka, 16. anekAntajayapatAkodyota dIpikA / UITMAN SOD za UTTTTITION ANUAR 3. TIkA rahita svaracita grantha 20. anekAntavAda praveza 22. dharmabindu 24. yogabindu 26. zrAvaka dharmatantra 28. SoDaza prakaraNa 21. aSTakaprakaraNa 23. bhAvArthamAtravedinI 25. lokatacva nirNaya 27. SaDdarzana samuccaya 26. saMsAradAvAnala stuti / 1. saMghavI, sukhalAla, 'sanmati prakaraNa', prastAvanA, pR065-113 2. zAstrI, nemicandra, vahI, pR0 52-53 888 wizinelibrary.org
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________________ mevAr3a kA prAkRta, apabhraza evaM saMskRta sAhitya | 205 ina samasta racanAoM kA viSaya pratipAdana yahA~ apekSita nahIM hai| inase itanA avazya jJAta hotA hai ki haribhadrasUri ne apane samaya meM saMskRta ko dharma aura darzana ke kSetra meM eka sazakta bhASA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA thaa| . jinasena 000000000000 000000000000 elAcArya evaM vIrasena ke samaya meM cittaur3a jaina dharma kA pramukha kendra bana gayA thaa| ataH vIrasena ke pramukha ziSya jinasena ne bhI cittaur3a meM kAvya-racanA kI preraNA grahaNa kI hai| unakA sambandha cittaur3a, baMkApura evaM vaTagrAma se rahA hai| jinasena kI pratibhA aura pANDitya advitIya thaa| ve jitane siddhAntazAstroM ke jJAtA the utane hI kAvya-zAstra ke marmajJa / unakI tIna saMskRta racanAe~ upalabdha haiM-1. pAzrvAbhyudaya 2. AdipurANa evaM 3. jayadhavalATIkA / pAzrvAbhyudaya meM jinasena ne kAlidAsa ke meghadUta kI samasyApUrti kI hai| AdipurANa meM RSabhadeva aura bharatacakravartI kI kathA ke mAdhyama se kavi ne prAcIna itihAsa, dharma-darzana va saMskRti Adi aneka viSayoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai|4 jayadhavalATIkA meM jinasena ne apane guru vIrasena ke kArya ko pUrA kiyA hai| 40 hajAra zloka pramANa TIkA inhoMne svayaM likhI haiM / yadyapi jinasena ke ye grantha mevAr3a meM nahIM likhe gaye, kintu mevAr3a bhUmi kI sAhityika paramparA kA poSaNa avazya inakI pRSThabhUmi meM hai| jinavallabhasUri rAjasthAna kI eka mahAna vibhUti ke rUpa meM jinavalla bhasUri ko smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai / ye saMskRta, prAkRta ke adhikArI vidvAna the| kharataragaccha kI paramparA meM inhoMne svayaM sAhitya likhA hai tathA apane ziSyoM ko bhI itanA taiyAra kiyA ki ve aneka mahattvapUrNa grantha likha gaye haiN| jinavallabhasUri ke saMskRta meM nimna pramukha grantha upalabdha haiM 1. dharmazikSAprakaraNa, 2. saMghapaTTaka, 3. bhAvArivAraNastotra, 4. paMcakalyANastotra, 5. kalyANastotra, 6. sarasvatIstotra, 7. sarvajinastotra, 8. pArzvajinastotra, 6. pArzvastotra, 10. zRgArazataka 11. praznottaraSaSTIzataka, 12. citrakUTa prazasti Adi / ina granthoM kA viSaya dhArmika hai| kintu saMskRta bhASA kA camatkArika prayoga kavi ne kiyA hai| vibhinna .. alaMkAroM aura chandoM se ye racanAe~ ota-prota haiM / yadyapi unake AkAra choTe haiM, kintu viSaya kI spaSTatA hai| ina racanAoM meM 'zRMgArazataka' mahattvapUrNa sAhityika kRti hai| bharata ke nATyazAstra aura kAmatantra ke dohana ke bAda sambhavataH ise likhA gayA hai / jainAcAryoM kI yaha akelI zRgAra-pradhAna saMskRta racanA hai| isameM kula eka sau ikkIsa zloka haiN| isa kRti meM nAyikA ke aMgopAMga tathA hAvabhAva kA acchA varNana huA hai / eka padya meM kavi kahatA hai ki nAyikA kI danta-jyotsanA gagana-maNDala meM phailatI huI akhila vizva ko apanI dhavalimA se AplAvita kara rahI hai| aisI sthiti meM vaha abhisAra ke lie candrodaya kI pratIkSA kyoM kare? mugdhe dugdhAdivAzA racayati taralA te kaTAkSacchaTAlI, dantajyotsnApi vizvaM vizadayati viyan maNDalaM visphurantI / utphullad gaMDapAlI vipulaparilasat pANiDamADambareNa, kSiptendo kAntamadAbhisara sarabhasaM kiM tavendUdayena // 76 // jinavallabhasUri ke ziSya jinadattasUri kI bhI kucha racanAe~ saMskRta meM milatI haiM / yathA-vIrastuti, sarvajina stuti, cakrezvarIstotra, yoginIstotra, ajitastotra Adi / ye sabhI racanAeM bhakti pradhAna haiN| 1. dRSTavya 'samadarzI hribhdrri'| 2. 'Agatya citrakUTAttataH sa bhagavAn guroranujJAt 3. zAstrI, nemicandra, 'saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna', pR0 402 4. zAstrI, nemicandra, 'AdipurANa meM pratipAdita bhArata', dRSTavya / 5. dRSTavya-vinayasAgara, 'jinavallabhasUri kA kRtitva evaM vyaktitva' -
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________________ - 000000000000 000000000000 206 | pUjya pravartaka zrI ambAlAlajI mahArAja - abhinandana grantha mahAkavi AzAdhara AzAdhara mANDalagar3ha (mevAr3a) ke mUla nivAsI the| kintu mevAr3a para zahAbuddIna gorI ke AkramaNoM ke uparAMta ve dhArA nagarI ( mAlavA ) meM jA base the| usI ke samIpa nalakacchapura meM unhoMne apanI sAhitya sAdhanA kI thii| ye vi0 kI terahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna the| saMskRta meM likhI gayI inakI lagabhaga 20 racanAoM ke ullekha prApta hue haiM / kintu upalabdha kama hI huI haiN| AdhyAtmarahasya, sAgAradharmAmRta, anAgAradharmAmRta, jinayajJakalpa, triSaSTismRtizAstra Adi inakI prasiddha saMskRta racanAe~ haiN| paM0 AzAdhara kA adhyayana bar3A hI vizAla thA / ve jainAcAra, adhyAtma, kAvya, koSa, Ayurveda zAstra Adi kaI viSayoM ke prakANDa paNDita the / bhaTTAraka kavi mevAr3a pradeza meM digambara paramparA ke aneka bhaTTArakoM kA vicaraNa huA hai| cittaur3a, udayapura, RSabhadeva Adi sthAnoM para ina bhaTTArakoM ne granthAgAra bhI sthApita kiye haiM / ye bhaTTAraka dharma pracAraka ke sAtha-sAtha acche kavi bhI hote the / mevAr3a ke prabhAvazAlI bhaTTAraka kaviyoM meM bha0 sakalakIrti, bha0 bhuvanakIrti, ma0 brahmajinadAsa, bha0 zubhacandra evaM prabhAcandra Adi pramukha haiN| bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ne 26 evaM brahma jinadAsa ne 12 racanAe~ saMskRta meM likhI haiN| inake ye grantha kAvyAtmaka dRSTi se bhI mahattvapUrNa haiM / AcArya zubhacandra saMskRta ke prakANDa vidvAn the / vi0 saM0 1530-40 ke bIca inakA janma huA thaa| udayapura, sAgavAr3A, DUMgarapura, jayapura Adi sthAnoM para inhoMne mUrti pratiSThA karAyI thI / inhoMne 24 racanAe~ saMskRta meM likhI haiM / 3 inameM tIrthaMkaroM kA carita, pANDavakathA, tathA jaina vrata-vidhAnoM kA sundara varNana huA hai| jinacandra ke ziSya maTTAraka prabhAcandra kA bhI mevAr3a meM acchA prabhAva rahA hai / inhoMne vi0 saM0 1572 meM dillI se apanI gaddI ko cittaur3a meM sthAnAntarita kara liyA thA / inhoMne prAcIna sAhitya ke uddhAra meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna kiyA hai / 15vIM zatAbdI ke kavi vi0 saM0 15vIM zatAbdI meM mevAr3a meM aneka jainAcArya hue haiN| unakI saMskRta racanAoM ne yahA~ ke sAhityika vAtAvaraNa ko prabhAvazAlI banAyA hai / somasundara tapAgaccha ke pramukha kavi the / vi0 saM0 1450 meM rANakapura meM inako vAcakapada prApta huA thA bAda meM ye delavAr3A A gaye the / inakI saMskRta racanAoM meM kalyANakastava, ratnakoza, upadezabAlAvabodha, bhASyatraya avacUri Adi pramukha haiM / somasundara ke ziSya munisundara mI saMskRta ke vidvAna the| inhoMne 'zAntikara stotra' delavAr3A meM likhA thA / somadevavAcaka somasundara ke dUsare prabhAvazAlI ziSya the / mahArANA kumbhA ne inheM kavirAja kI upAdhi pradAna kI thI / delavAr3A isa yuga meM saMskRta sAhitya kA pradhAna kendra thA / vi0saM0 1501 meM mANikya sundaragaNi ne 'bhavabhAvanAbAlAvabodha' nAmaka grantha saMskRta meM likhA thA / isa yuga ke pratiSThita kavi pratiSThA soma hue haiM / ye mahArANA kumbhA ke samakAlIna the| inhoMne 'somasomAgyakAvya' tathA 'guruguNaratnAkara' jaise mahattvapUrNa granthoM kI racanA kI hai| ina granthoM meM tatkAlIna mevAr3a ke sAmAjika, dhArmika aura rAjanaitika jIvana kI prAmANika sAmagrI 1. zAstrI, tI0 ma0 aura unakI A0 pa0, mA0 4, pR0 41 2. jaina, bihArIlAla, 'bha0 sakalakIrti - eka adhyayana' ( thIsisa ) 3. zAstrI, vahI, bhA. 3, pR0 365 4. joharApurakara, 'bhaTTAraka sampradAya' lekhAMka 265 5. 'soma saubhAgyakAvya' pR0 75, zloka 14 6. zodhapatrikA, bhA0 6, aMka 2-3, pR0 55 7. somAnI, rAmaballabha, 'mahArANA kumbhA' pR0 212 Xie Tu Ji Tang Ji Dou Personal Use Only
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________________ mevAr3a kA prAkRta, apabhraza evaM saMskRta sAhitya | 207 saMkalita hai / saMskRta kI ina racanAoM meM gujarAtI, mevAr3I aura dezI zabdoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai, jo bhASA-vijJAna kI adhyayana kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| 15vIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha kavi hae haiM-mahopAdhyAya critnrtngnni| inhoMne saM0 1466 meM cittaur3a meM 'dAna pradIpa' nAmaka grantha kI racanA saMskRta meM kI thii| grantha meM dAna ke prakAra evaM unake phaloM kA acchA vivecana huA hai| isa grAtha meM aneka laukika kathAe~ bhI dI gayI haiN| isI zatAbdI meM jayacandra sUri ke ziSya jinaharSagaNi ne vi0saM0 1467 meM cittor3a meM 'vastupAla carita' kI racanA kI thii| yaha kAvya aitihAsika aura kAvyAtmaka dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM vastupAla evaM tejapAla caritra ke atirikta prAsaMgika rUpa se kaI dRSTAnta aura kathAe~ bhI dI 000000000000 000000000000 saMskRta prazastiyA~ mevAr3a rAjya meM saMskRta kI aneka prazastiyA~ va abhilekha upalabdha haiN| inakA kevala aitihAsika hI nahIM, apitu kAvyAtmaka mahattva bhI hai / isa prakAra kI prazasti-lekhana meM jainAcAryoM kA bhI yoga rahA hai| 12vIM zatAbdI ke digambara vidvAn rAmakIrti ne cittaur3agar3ha meM saM0 1207 meM eka prazasti likhI thii| jo vahA~ ke samidhezvara mahAdeva ke mandira meM lagI huI hai| kAlIzilA para utkIrNa isa 28 paMktiyoM kI prazasti meM ziva aura sarasvatI stuti ke uparAnta cittaur3agar3ha meM kumArapAla ke Agamana kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| prazasti choTI hone para bhI aitihAsika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| mevAr3a ke dUsare jaina prazastikAra AcArya ratnaprabhasUri haiN| inhoMne mahArAvala tejasiMha ke rAjyakAla meM jo prazasti likhI thI vaha cittaur3a ke samIpa 'ghAghase' kI bAvar3I meM lagI huI thii| isakI racanA vi0saM0 1322 kArtika kRSNA 1 ravivAra ko huI thii| isameM tejasiMha ke pitA jaitrasiMha dvArA mAlavA, gujarAta, turuSka aura sAMbhara ke sAmantoM kI parAjaya kA ullekha haiN| 3 ratnaprabhasUri kI dUsarI mahattvapUrNa prazasti cIravAM gAMva kI hai| vi0saM0 1330 meM likhita isa prazasti meM kula saMskRta ke 51 zloka haiN| isameM cetrAgaccha ke kaI AcAryoM kA nAmollekha hai tathA guhila vaMzI bApA ke vaMzajoM meM samarasiMha Adi ke parAkrama kA varNana hai| guNabhadra muni ne vi0 saM0 1226 meM bijauliyA ke jaina mandira kI prazasti likhI thii| isameM kula 63 zloka haiN| isa prazasti meM pArzvanAtha mandira ke nirmAtAoM ke atirikta sAMbhara ke rAjA tathA ajamera ke cauhAna narezoM kI vaMzAvalI bhI dI gayI hai / 5 15vIM zatAbdI meM caritraratnagaNi ne mahAvIra prAsAda prazasti likhI thii| isa prazasti meM tIrthakaroM aura sarasvatI kI stuti ke uparAnta mevAr3a deza kA sundara varNana kiyA gayA hai| cittaur3a ko mevAr3a rUpI taruNi kA mukuTa kahA gayA hai| isameM mandira ke nirmAtA guNarAja kI baMzAvalI dI gayI hai| isa prakAra mevAr3a ke saMskRta sAhitya ke vikAsa meM ina prazastikAroM kA bhI mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai| mevAr3a meM prAkRta, apabhraMza evaM saMskRta bhASA meM grantha lekhana kA prArambha karane vAle jaina muniyoM ne isa paramparA ko bIsavIM zatAbdI taka barAbara akSuNNa banAye rakhA hai| Adhunika yuga meM bhI aneka muni isa prakAra ke sAhitya lekhana meM saMlagna haiN| ataH spaSTa hai ki mevAr3a meM racita kisI bhI bhASA ke sAhitya kA itihAsa jaina kaviyoM kI racanAoM ko sammilita kiye binA adhUrA rhegaa| isa sAhitya ko Adhunika DhaMga se sampAdita kara prakAza meM lAne kI AvazyakatA hai| 00 1. navAMgavAdhizItAMzu (1466) mite vikrmvtsre| citrakUTa mahAdurge grantho'yaM samApayata / -prazasti, 16 2. zrI jayakotiziSyeNa digambara gaNezinA / prazastirIdRzIcakre-zrI rAmakIrtinA // 3. varadA, varSa 5, aMka 3 3. vIravinoda, bhAga 1, pR0 386 / 5. epika grAphika iNDikA, bhAga 26 meM prakAzita / 6. somAnI, mahArAja ku. pR0 338 KAKANNA