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________________ adhyAtma sAdhanA ke zAsvata svara mahAtmA gA~dhI dvArA pravartamAna isa sarvodaya siddhAnta ko vinobA bhAve ne Age bar3hAyA aura bhUdAna, sampattivAna, grAmadAna, samayadAna, jIvanadAnAdi dvArA sAmAjika viSamatA ko miTAne kA prayAsa kiyA gyaa| aparigraha bhI viSamatA ko miTAkara samatA kI sthApanA karatA hai| aparigraha aura samAjavAda-padArtha upabhoga ke lie hai, saMgraha ke lie nhiiN| upabhoga ke lie koI manAhI nahIM hai| kintu jaba padArthoM kA saMgraha vyakti dvArA AvazyakatA se adhika kiyA jAtA hai taba samAja meM viSamatA kI sthiti banatI hai| aura jaba viSamatA kI sthiti sImAtikrAnta ho jAtI hai taba saMgharSa aura hiMsA kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| aise meM mAnava samAja do vibhAgoM meM baMTa jAtA hai-amIra aura garIba zoSaka aura shossit| amIra-garIba / zoSaka-zoSita kA saMgharSa yuga-yugAntara se calA A rahA hai aura isako miTAne ke lie 'samAjavAda' kI sthApanA bhI kI gyii| samAjavAda siddhAnta rUsa se gatizIla huaa| jisameM samAna haka kI bAta kahI gayI aura zoSita apane haka kI prApti ke lie saMgharSa ke rAste hiMsA ke maidAna meM A ddtte| isakI pariNati yaha huI ki samAjavAda eka hiMsaka Andolana meM parivartita ho gyaa| samAjavAda kI parikalpanA kA mUla bhI 'aparigrahavAda' hI rahA hai| kintu jisa mArga kA avalambana samAjavAda ne liyA usa mArga kA 7 prAstAvika mAnava jAti kA saMskRta (pariSkRta) bhAvAtmaka evaM rUpAtmaka kRtipuMja saMskRti hai| saMskRti cira vikAsazIla evaM avibhAjya hai| saMskRti ko sampUrNa mAnava jAti kI samanvayAtmakatA evaM akhaNDatA ke phalaka para rakhakara hI pUrNatayA samajhA jA sakatA hai / sampUrNa mAnava jAti eka avibhAjya ikAI hai; use dharma, bhUmi aura jAti Adi kI saMkIrNa sImA meM rakhakara AMzika evaM bhrAmaka rUpa se hI samajhA jA sakatA hai| alvarTa AinsTAina kA kathana hai| ki, 'saMskRti kA paudhA atyanta sukumAra hotA hai| aneka prayatnoM aura sAvadhAniyoM ke bAda hI vaha kisI samAja meM phUlatA phalatA hai| usake lie vyakti kA abhimAna, rASTra kA abhimAna aura jAti kA abhimAna sabako tilAMjali denI par3atI hai| saMskRti ke antargata mAnava jAti kA samagra jIvana garbhita hai, parantu pramukha rUpa se usakI bhAvanAtmaka ekatA, naitika evaM kalAtmaka jijIviSA ko sthAna Dain 513 'aparigrahavAda' niSedha karatA hai| aparigrahavAda ahiMsaka rAha se samAjavAda kI maMjila pAne kA nirdeza karatA hai| samatAvAdI samAja racanA pU~jIpati aura zoSitoM kA jo saMgharSa hai, vaha hai padArthoM ke parigraha ko lekara eka ora jIvana ke Avazyaka sAdhanoM kA Dhera lagatA calA gayA aura dUsarI ora abhAvoM kI khAI nirmita hotI gyii| aisI sthiti meM jo saMgharSa kI sthiti banatI hai, usase zAMti nahIM apitu azAMti kA hI nirmANa hotA hai| iMDa/ saMgharSa kI isa sthiti meM bhI manuSya ko apanA viveka nahIM khonA caahie| viveka dIpaka se viSamatA kA aMdhakAra naSTa karake samatA kA prakAza phailAnA caahie| viveka vikalatA meM viSamatA naSTa nahIM hotI hai apitu aura adhika bar3hatI hI hai| kintu jaba samatA kA AMcala thAma liyA jAtA hai taba zAMti kI varSA hone lagatI hai| samatA / samabhAva aparigrahavAda kI pahalI zarta hai kyoMki samabhAva ke binA 'aparigrahabAda phala nahIM sktaa| anAsakta sthiti samabhAva se hI saMbhava hai| aparigraha samatAvAda kI sthApanA karatA hai| samatAvAdI samAja kI saMracanA se hI aparigrahavAda phalatA-phUlatA hai aura mAnasika, pArivArika, sAmAjika, rASTrIya tathA antarrASTrIya indra saMgharSa kA visarjana hokara AnaMda kI bahAra kA sarjana hotA hai| mAnava saMskRti ke vikAsa meM zramaNa saMskRti (jaina dhArA) kI bhUmikA - DaoN. ravIndra jaina DI. liT diyA jAtA hai ataH spaSTa hai ki saMskRti mAnava ko U~cA uThAne vAlI kRtiyoM kA samanvaya hai / " saMskRti kI paribhASA prAyaH aMgrejI bhASA ke kalcara zabda ke paryAya ke rUpa meM saMskRti zabda samajhA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra egrIkalcara apanI bhAvAtmaka ekatA ko prApta kara kalcara bana gayA; athavA kalcara apanI sthUlatA meM egrIkalcara bana gayA hamArI bhautika jijIviSA bhI antataH pariSkRta hokara kalcara bnii| saMskRti zabda meM bhI kRSi yA kRSTi nihita hai| baMgAla meM kRSTi zabda kA prayoga Aja bhI kRSi ke lie hotA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki pUrva aura pazcima kI saMskRtiyoM meM jo Atyantika sthiti hai vaha eka hI hai; ve mUlataH eka haiN| kAlika prabhAva se pazcima ne yathArtha, upayogitA evaM ihalaukikatA ko adhika mahattva diyA to paurvAtya
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________________ 514 dhArA ne adhyAtma, Adarza evaM naitika jIvanadRSTi ko / Aja donoM eka dUsare ke balAbala ko samajha rahe haiN| saMskRti zabda saMskRta bhASA kA hai| sam upasarga pUrvaka kR karaNe dhAtu se khuda kA Agama karake tinU pratyaya milAne para saMskRti zabda banatA hai| saMskRti kA sIdhA aura sahaja artha hai-samyak rIti se kiye gaye kArya arthAt pariSkRta kArya / AksaphorDa DikzanarI ke anusAra ' "The training and refinement of mind, tastes and manners; the condition of being thus trained and refined; the intellectual side of civilisation, the acquainting ourselves with the best that has been known and said in the world." arthAt mastiSka, ruci aura AcAra-vyavahAra kI zikSA aura zuddhi, isa prakAra zikSita aura zuddha hone kI prakriyA, sabhyatA kA bauddhika pakSa, vizva kI sarvotkRSTa kathita aura jJAta vastuoM se svayaM ko paricita karAnA saMskRti hai| ApTe kI saMskRta DikzanarI ke anusAra saMskRti kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra hai? - To adorn, grace, decorate, (2) to refine, polish, (3) to purify, (4) to consecrate by | repeating mantras, (5) to cultivate, educate, train, (6) make ready, proper, equip, fitout, (7) to cook food, (8) to purify-cleanse, (9) to collect, heap |together. arthAt sajAnA, saMvAranA, pavitra karanA honA, suzikSita karanA aadi| DaoN. sampUrNAnanda kI saMskRti sambandhI mAnyatA bhI atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| ve eka prazasta krAntacetA ke rUpa meM hamAre sammukha Ate haiN| unake anusAra 3, "vastutaH saMskRti paddhati, rivAja yA sAmAjika-Arthika aura rAjanItika saMsthA nahIM hai nAcanA gAnA, sAhitya, mUrtikalA, citrakalA, gRhanirmANa ina sabakA antarbhAva sabhyatA meM hotA hai| saMskRti antaHkaraNa hai, sabhyatA zarIra hai| saMskRti sabhyatA dvArA svayaM ko vyakta karatI hai| saMskati vaha sA~cA hai jisameM samAja ke vicAra Dhalate haiM; vaha bindu hai jahA~ se jIvana kI samasyAe~ dekhI jAtI hai|" carcita sabhI paribhASAoM kA mathitArtha yaha hai ki hamArI jIvana-sAdhanA kA sArarasa hI saMskRti hai arthAt hamArI dRDhIbhUta cetanA-preraka-jIvana kI Antarika paddhati hI saMskRti hai| chAndogyopaniSad meM saMskRti ke vyApaka svarUpa kI vyAkhyA sthAyI mahattva kI hai| vizva kI sabhyatAoM kA unnayana evaM patana saMskRti kI tulA para rakhakara hI samajhA jA sakatA hai| "kasyApi dezasya samAjasya vA vibhinna jIva vyApAreSu sAmAjika sambandheSu vA mAnavIyattva dRSTayA preraNApradAnAM tattadAdarzAnI samaSTireva saMskRtiH / vastutastasyAmeva sarvasyApi sAmAjika jIvanasyotakarSaH paryavasati / upAdhyAya zrI puSkara muni smRti grantha tayaiva tulayA vibhinnasabhyatAnAmutkarSApakarSI mIyete / kiM bahunA, saMskRtireva vastutaH seturvidhatireSAM lokaanaamsNbhedaay|4 arthAt kisI deza yA samAja ke vibhinna jIvana-vyApAroM meM yA sAmAjika sambandhoM meM mAnavatA kI dRSTi se preraNA pradAna karane vAle AdarzoM kI samaSTi ko hI saMskRti samajhanA caahie| samasta sAmAjika jIvana kI samApti saMskRti meM hI hotI hai| vibhinna sabhyatAoM kA utkarSa tathA apakarSa saMskRti dvArA hI mUlyAMkita kiyA jAtA hai| usake dvArA hI logoM ko saMgaThita kiyA jAtA hai| mAnava saMskRti kA sAtatya - jAtigata, dharmagata evaM bhUmigata saMkIrNa pratibaddhatA ko tyAgakara hI vizvavyApI mAnava saMskRti kI akhaMDa dhArA ko samajhA jA sakatA hai| saMskRti kisI bhI deza yA jAti kI prabuddha Antarika cetanA kI yaha svastha evaM mIlika vizeSatA hai jisake AdhAra para vizva ke anya dezoM meM usakA mahattvAMkana hotA hai| Aja kisI bhI deza kI saMskRti aisI nahIM hai jo anya dezoM kI saMskRtiyoM se pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se prabhAvita evaM puSTa na ho| sajIva saMskRti sadA udAra evaM grahaNazIla hotI hai| saMskRti sadA eka vikAsazIla saMsthA ke rUpa meM rahakara hI kisI deza yA jAti ke garva kA kAraNa bana sakatI hai| kucha maulika vizeSatAoM ke sAtha pratyeka saMskRti ke kucha antarrASTrIya tattva bhI hote haiM jo saMskRti kama grahaNazIla hotI hai, yA atItonmukhI hotI hai, dhIre-dhIre vaha apanA caitanya mahattva khokara mAtra aitihAsika saMsthA banakara raha jAtI hai| kintu itihAsa meM bhI sAtatya aura parivartanazIlatA kA pravAha yA krama calatA hI rahatA hai| saMskRti meM bhI yahI krama nitAnta vAMchanIya hai| saMskRti meM vartamAna kA yoga aura bhaviSyat kI sambhAvanAeM sadA apekSita rahatI haiN| vaha purAtana aura navIna kA sundara samanvaya hai, mAtra prAcIna upalabdhiyoM bhI vyAkhyAyikA nahIM hai| "hindUsaca, jainasaca, bauddhasaca, IsAIsaca yA muslimasaca jaise bola par3he likhe logoM ko hI nahIM, anapar3ha ko bhI bematalaba jceNge| kAza aisA hI hindU saMskRti, jaina-saMskRti, muslima saMskRti ityAdi boloM ke sAtha bhI hotaa| hamAre kAna ina boloM ko bhI be-matalaba samajhate hote, to Aja manuSyoM kI AtmAe~ kahIM jyAdA maMjI huii| milatI, duniyAM ke AdamI kahIM jyAdA sukhI pAye jAte / saMskRti ko mAnava saMskRti ke hI nAma se pukAranA ThIka jaicatA hai|5 Aja ke vizvaprasiddha vaijJAnikoM aura vicArakoM kA yaha suspaSTa mata hai ki saMsAra kI sabhI jAtiyA~ mUlataH eka hI parivAra kI zAkhAe~ haiN| jalavAyu kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa bhASA, rahana-sahana evaM rUpa-raMga meM kucha antara avazya hai| yaha bAharI antara hai aura isake hote hue bhI bhAva, vicAra, vizvAsa, anubhUti, Adarza evaM AkAMkSAoM meM samasta mAnava jAti meM vilakSaNa samAnatA hai| yahI bhItarI samAnatA nirNAyaka hotI hai| vizva ke katipaya pramukha dezoM kI sAMskRtika vizeSatAe~ dhIre-dhIre sabhI dezoM meM AtmasAt kara lI
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________________ Darpan .bab. Com 500 200 } adhyAtma sAdhanA ke zAsvata svara 515 gayI haiN| vizva kI prAcInatama sabhyatAoM ke kendra bhArata (sindhu), varSoM taka lagabhaga Adhe yUropa para araboM kA zAsana rhaa| araboM IrAna, sumera, bebIlAna, asIriyA, sIriyA aura mizra rahe hv23| kA yUnAnI vaidyaka kA silasilA behada vikasita huaa| bhArata meM inakI saMskRtiyoM meM adbhuta samAnatA hai aura paraspara AdAna-pradAna mugaloM ne ise bahuta apnaayaa| yUropa meM isakA prabhAva bIsavIM sadI bhI pracura mAtrA meM huA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti aneka saMskRtiyoM ke ke prArambha taka rhaa| IrAna ne bhArata ko gulAba jaisA phUla aura sahaja mela se banI hai| usameM bAhya anekatA (rUpa, raMga, bhASA, aMgUra jaisA phala diyaa| IrAna ne hI atithi satkAra aura rahana-sahana) meM Antarika (bhAvAtmaka) ekatA nihita hai| saMskRti meM dAnazIlatA ke kIrtimAna bhI sthApita kiye| muslima ekezvaravAda Antarika gaNoM para dhyAna diyA jAtA hai. ve hI vizvasanIya hote haiN| aura bhAratIya vedAnta ke mela se sUphI dharma taiyAra huaa| kAbA aura eka vyakti susabhya hokara bhI asaMskRta ho sakatA hai, jabaki dUsarA / kAzI kI ekatA ke gIta isI bhAvabhUmi kA pariNAma haiN| sUmerI vyakti asabhya hokara bhI susaMkRta ho sakatA hai| sabhyatA bAhya aura dhArmika kathAe~, akSara lekhana-kalA aura laTakate hue bAga (heMgiga bauddhika hotI hai, jabaki saMskRti Antarika evaM bhAvAtmaka hotI hai| gArDana) sumerI sabhyatA aura saMskRti kI hI vizva ko dena hai| sumerI vastutaH sabhyatA kA vikAsa saMskRti-sApekSa honA cAhie, parantu sabhyatA se yahUdI sabhyatA ne aura yahUdI sabhyatA se pUre yUropa ne bahudhA aisA nahIM ho pAtA hai| mAnava bAhya upalabdhiyoM aura bahuta kucha sIkhA hai| samasta yUropa para roma kA bolavAlA rahA hai, AkarSaNoM meM ulajhakara raha jAtA hai| sabhyatAe~ naSTa ho jAtI haiM, para roma ne bahuta kucha yahUdiyoM se liyA hai| mizra kI bhI adbhuta para saMskRti cira pravahamAna rahatI hai| sabhyatA saMskRti se saMlagna dena hai| vahA~ kI bhavana-nirmANa-kalA, pirAmiDa aura mInAreM Aja bhI rahane para kabhI naSTa nahIM hotii| advitIya haiN| sveja nahara isI deza ne IsA se teraha sau varSa pahale saMskRti aura sabhyatA-asalI saMskRti mAnava kI pariSkRta banavAI thii| isa nahara kI sahAyatA se hI bar3e-bar3e jahAja lAla sAgara aura bhUmadhya sAgara taka jAte the| aphrIkA, eziyA aura bhItarI sadbhAvanA aura naitika pariSkAra hai aura asalI sabhyatA usakA bAharI vistAra hai| saMskRti kI pUrNatA usake sabhyatAparaka yUropa ko jor3ane vAlI yahI nahara thii| yUnAna ne kalA, darzana evaM vikAsa meM hai| saMskRti AtmA hai aura sabhyatA usakA shriir| jaba sAhitya ke kSetra meM vizva ko anupama jJAna diyaa| arastU ko AtmA ke mUlaguNoM ke anusAra zarIra kA (sabhyatA kA) vikAsa Adhunika jJAna-vijJAna kA pitA kahA jAtA hai| mizra ke samrATa hotA hai to mAnava (vyakti) aura mAnava jAti kA jIvana sAttvika ikhanAtana kI sAdagI aura tyAga kA Adarza saMsAra meM Aja bhI anupama hai| ikhanAtana ne hI dezoM meM maitrI aura sadbhAva kA pracAra aura sukhamaya hotA hai| jaba AtmA ke viparIta sabhyatA apanA kiyaa| anAkramaNa kI nIti bhI usI ne apnaayii| araba ke khalIphA manamAnA (hiMsA, apaharaNa, svArtha Adi para AdhArita) vistAra karatI hai, taba vaha azAnti aura duHkha kA kAraNa banatI hai| umara kI sAdagI kA Adarza Aja bhI bejor3a hai| jaba pahalI bAra kAMgresa kA maMtrI maMDala banA thA, to gA~dhI jI ne deza ke netAoM ke vizvabhara ke yuddhoM ke mUla meM yahI sabhyatAoM kI ahammanyatA kI TakarAhaTa hai| vastutaH saMskRti se sabhyatA kA janma hotA hai aura samakSa khalIphA umara kA Adarza rakhA thaa| khalIphA umara kA sabhyatA se saMskRti kA vistAra hotA hai| spaSTa hai ki ye donoM sAmrAjya roma aura yUnAna ke sAmrAjya se bar3A thA, phira bhI khalIphA moTI khaddara kA kurtA pahanatA thaa| pratidina apane kaMdhe para mazaka avibhAjya haiM aura eka dUsare kI preraka evaM poSaka haiN| Aja kA sAMskRtika saMkaTa yaha hai ki vizvabhara meM sabhyatAparaka bharakara garIba vidhavAoM ko pAnI detA thaa| (bAhya-bhautika) vikAsa bahuta tejI se aura bahuta adhika ho rahA hai| Aja vaijJAnika AviSkAroM (bijalI, tAra, TI. vI., eksare, yaha vikAsa IrSyAmUlaka spardhA aura zatrutA se bharA huA hai| prAyaH aNuzakti Adi) ne hamArA jIvana hI badala diyA hai| kyA hama isake sabhI dezoM ne naitika mUlyoM ko tilAMjali de dI hai| eka dUsare para lie amerikA, rUsa, phrAMsa, iMgalaiMDa, jarmanI evaM jApAna Adi dezoM apanI variSThatA siddha karane ke lie jaghanyatama hiMsaka sAdhanoM ko ke AbhArI nahIM haiM ? kyA hama isa parivartana se achUte raha sake haiN| apanAyA jA rahA hai| bhItarI naitika guNoM se nAtA TUTa jAne para kyA vijJAna ne hamArI jIvana-dRSTi ko prabhAvita nahIM kiyA hai? sabhyatA aisI hI ghAtaka ho jAtI hai| vaha apanI mAM kI (saMskRti vizva ke ina katipaya udAharaNoM se mAnava ruci, svabhAva evaM kI) hatyA bhI kara detI hai| jijIviSA kI mUlabhUta ekatA hI prakaTa hotI hai| mAnava kA cIna ne hameM cInI (zakkara), cInI miTTI ke bartana, pataMga, / bhAvAtmaka aikya sArvadezika evaM sArvakAlika hai| pratyeka deza aura kAgaja, kaMdIla, chajjedAra zepa, saMtarA, kamarakha, lIcI aura jAti kI sAMskRtika cetanA ko isa sandarbha meM to avazya hI samajhA AtizabAjI dekara sampanna bnaayaa| cIna ke dArzanika bhI hamAre jAnA cAhie ki usane mAnava cetanA ke UrvIkaraNa meM kitanI mahAvIra aura buddha ke samAna prasiddha the| dArzanika dRSTi, mUrtikalA, mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAI hai| yaha dRSTi samabhAva para AdhArita ho vAstukalA aura AdhyAtmika sAdhanA bhArata ne sampUrNa eziyA aura na ki bhedabhAva pr| Atma prazaMsA aura balAt / yUropa ko dii| jyotiSa, Ayurveda, aMka (1, 2, 3, 4 Adi), rahakara hI aisA kiyA jA sakatA hai| isI niSkarSa para hama dazamalava siddhAnta bhI bhArata ne sAre vizva ko diyaa| pUre ATha sau zramaNa-saMskRti kI jaina dhArA kA mUlyAMkana kara sakate haiN|6 00.09:00.00 20000000000 HoodDolo0600000000000000002HORMOoyeRES R0% Pad600%% S -DEVDO.00 zAma BARB 000 0000-DPODOG 0 GOOD 00 SDODD9%810000
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________________ 516 zramaNa-saMskRti-svarUpa evaM tattva yadyapi itihAsa apane tathyamUlaka AdhAra para jainadharma ke 23veM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha taka hI apanI pahu~ca rakhatA hai, parantu zramaNa paramparA Aja se lAkhoM varSa pUrva Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva se hI prArambha hotI hai| yaha AsthAmUlaka mAnyatA hai| jaina purANoM meM etAdRza varNana hai| hama aitihAsika cakra meM na par3akara samprati itanA hI mAnaleM ki zramaNa saMskRti vyavasthita rUpa se pArzvanAtha ke samaya meM thI bhAratavarSa sAmAnyataH aneka saMskRtiyoM kA saMgama sthala hai, kintu bhAratIya mUla kI saMskRtiyoM ke rUpa meM kevala vaidika evaM zramaNa (vaidiketara) saMskRti ko hI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai zramaNa dhArA ke antargata jainoM evaM bauddhoM kA sAhitya liyA jAtA hai tathA vaidika dhArA meM itara saba sAhitya liyA jAtA hai| yaha sthApanA yA mAnyatA sarvathA nirdoSa nahIM hai| zramaNoM ke jaina, bauddha, AjIvaka, gairika Adi aneka sampradAya the| sAMkhya darzana bhI vaidika dhArA kA virodhI thA / vaidika dhArA ko AryoM kI dhArA kahA jAtA hai aura AryoM ke Agamana ke pUrva bhArata meM dravir3a sabhyatA thI, zramaNa dhArA thii| ataH zramaNa dhArA kI prAcInatA ko sahaja hI samajhA jA sakatA hai yahA~ merA uddezya dena para vicAra karanA hai, na prAcInatA para / bhArata meM aura sampUrNa eziyA meM adhyAtma pradhAna zramaNadhArA pUrvataH calI A rahI thI; vaidika dhArA bhI apane vyApaka stara para calI; parantu dhIre dhIre vaha RSimUlaka arthAt yajJa evaM karmakANDa mUlaka hokara raha gyii| usameM pazuhiMsA balavatI ho gyii| usakI zAkhAoM meM antarvirodha utpanna huaa| upaniSadoM meM vizuddha adhyAtma evaM jJAna kI carcA hai| unameM jJAna kI sarvoparitA, svIkAra kI gayI hai| upaniSadoM kA yaha dRSTikoNa apanA nijI ho sakatA hai, parantu isake bhI pramANa haiM ki usa samaya pracalita zramaNa dhArA ne bhI ise prabhAvita kiyA hai| prabhAva grahaNa karanA aura dUsaroM se vareNya ko lenA yaha sahaja pravRtti hai| spaSTa hai ki zramaNa dhArA muniyoM aura santoM kI dhArA ke rUpa meM vikasita huI, to anya dhArAe~ RSiyoM kI dhArAoM ke rUpa meN| yaha RSi-muni kA eka kAlika evaM ghaTanAtmaka antara thA / zramaNa-saMskRti adhyAtma-pradhAna saMskRti hai| ahiMsA aura | vaicArika samabhAva ke mAdhyama se mAnava AtmA kI vizuddha avasthA prApta kara sakatA hai| isI jIvana-dRSTi ke AdhAra para samasta mAnava jAti isa saMsAra meM bhI samatA, sukha aura zAnti se raha sakatI hai| yahI isa saMskRti kI antarAtmA hai| bauddhoM aura jainoM meM prAyaH sthUla stara para ekatA thii| ve karmakANDa, yajJa aura pazubali ke samAna rUpa se virodhI the| IzvaravAda ke bhI ve samarthaka na the| unakI virodhAtmaka dRSTi meM sImita samAnatA thii| unameM ahiMsA kA bhI sImita sAmya thaa| bauddha dhArA meM mAMsAhAra kA avakAza thA aura AcaraNa para bhI utanA bala na thaa| videzoM meM jAkara bauddha dharma paryApta vyApaka kintu zithila bhI ho gayA videzI vAtAvaraNa ke 3434 upAdhyAya zrI puSkara muni smRti grantha sAtha usane kAphI samajhautA bhI kiyaa| zramaNa-sAdhu, muni aura santoM kI paramparA para zramaNa-saMskRti AdhArita hai| tamilanADu meM jaina mAtra ko samanAra kahA jAtA hai| ataH aisA pratIta hotA hai ki zrAvakoM kI bhI zramaNa saMskRti meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA hai| zramaNa zabda meM tIna zabda garbhita hai-zrama, sama, zama arthAt niSThApUrNa sAdhanA, prANImAtra ke prati samatva kI bhAvanA aura parama zamAtmaka manobhAvamaya jIvana hI zramaNa-Adarza rahA hai| Adhunika yuga ke prakhyAta vicAraka evaM netA kropATakina, mArksa evaM mahAtmA gAMdhI ne apane-apane DhaMga se mAnava jAti kA vikAsa mAnA hai| mahAtmA jI kI prakriyA zramaNa dhArA ko AtmasAt karake calI hai / 7 "san 1946 meM AgA khA~ ne pUnA meM hindU-muslima samasyA para bAtacIta karane ke bAda mahAtmA jI se pUchA- "mArksa ke darzana ke viSaya meM ApakI kyA sammati hai ?" mahAtmA jI ne turanta hI uttara diyA- merA Adarza vahI hai jo mArksa kA thA, yAnI zAsana kA sUkhI pattiyoM kI taraha jhar3a jAnA, lekina maiM yaha yakIna nahIM karatA ki mArksa ke tarIke se hama kabhI bhI apane uddezya meM saphala ho sakeMgeyAnI tamAma sarakAroM kA khAtmA ho jAegA balki usake viparIta merA yaha vizvAsa hai ki ahiMsA tathA apanI antarAtmA kI dhvani ke anusAra kAma karane se hI hama apane lakSya para phuNceNge| usI se zAsana jhar3a jaaeNge| kisI samAja kI sabhyatA kI yaha kasauTI nahIM hai ki usane prAkRtika zaktiyoM para kitanI vijaya prApta kara lI hai; aura na sAhitya tathA kalA meM pAraMgata honA hI usakI kasauTI hai; balki usa samAja ke sadasyoM meM pArasparika bartAva meM tathA prANImAtra ke prati kitanI karuNA, udAratA yA maitrI hai| basa yahI udAratA kI sabase bar3I kasauTI hai|" spaSTabodha evaM vargIkaraNa kI dRSTi se zramaNa saMskRti ke mUla saMghaTaka tattva ye haiM 1. AdhyAtmikatA, 2 ahiMsA, 3. anekAnta, 4. aparigraha, 5. zIla, 6. samatA, 7. saiddhAntika dRr3hatA- nijaviveka, 8. AstikatA, 9. karmasiddhAnta evaM vastu svAtantrya, 10. lokajIvana / ukta dazalakSaNI yA daza tAtvika zramaNa-saMskRti ke ye sabhI lakSaNa saMzliSTa evaM avibhAjya hai| vyavahAra dRSTi se hI vivecya haiN| 00 adhyAtmadRSTi - jainadharma apanI sampUrNatA meM adhyAtma pradhAna dharma hai| usakI saMskRti, darzana evaM samasta AcAra-vyavahAra bhI mUlataH aura antataH adhyAtmaparaka hai| AdhyAtmika evaM naitika vizuddhatA ko zramaNa-dhArA meM sarvopari sthAna hai| AtmA kI nirvikAra avasthA jyoM-jyoM bar3hatI jAegI, mAnava utanA hI svatantra aura paramAtmatvamaya banatA jaaegaa| ataH bAhya ADambara aura kriyA kAMDa se bacane kA zramaNa sadA Adeza dete haiN| AtmA kA svarUpa- ajarAmara caitanyazakti hI AtmA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra AtmA athavA jIva svatantra astitva vAlA Navajalges 28.001
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________________ momGHNA 00% 20060960200000 2006.00000580030050986003 20086000000000000000000 PDAP P0.00 000000000000000 na | adhyAtma sAdhanA ke zAsvata svara 517 dravya hai| samasta dravyoM meM jIva sarvazreSTha hai| AtmA eka nahIM ananta dazavaikAlika kI yaha gAthA bhI zrAmaNika ahiMsA kA sazakta haiN| AtmA kA caitanya jJAna, bhAva zakti evaM kriyA rUpa meM prakaTa / udghoSa karatI haihotA hai| AtmA sahaja rUpa se jJAtA, kartA aura bhoktA hai| AtmA "savve jIvA icchaMti jIviuM na mrijjiuN| saMsAra meM rahakara sukha-duHkhAtmaka zubha-azubha karmoM ko bhogatA rahatA tamhA pANavahaM ghoraM, NigganthA vajjayanti NaM // 10 hai| mukta ho jAne para vaha parama nirvikAra evaM svatantra ho jAtA hai| pratyeka AtmA anAdikAla se karmoM se baddha hai ataH vaha punaH punaH arthAt sabhI jIva jIvana cAhate haiM, maraNa nhiiN| ataeva nirgrantha janma-maraNa ke cakra meM ghUmatA rahatA hai| pratyeka AtmA siddha-svarUpa muni ghora prANivadha kA tyAga karate haiN| hai| sAkSAt siddha bhagavAn siddha (karmamukta) haiM aura anya prANI isI ahiMsaka dRSTi kI AvazyakatA Aja ke matsyanyAya-jIvI 30506 karmayukta saMsArI haiN| karma ke AvaraNa ko alaga karake dekhane para jagata ko hai| pratyeka AtmA siddhatulya hai| pratyeka AtmA apane sukha-duHkha evaM "dharma kA maulika rUpa ahiMsA"11 hai, satya, acaurya Adi utthAna-patana kA svayaM adhikArI evaM uttaradAyI hai| kisI IzvarIya usakA vistAra hai-"avasesA tassa rakkhahA"-zeSa vrata ahiMsA kI zakti kA isameM koI yoga nahIM hai| rakSA ke lie haiN| ahiMsA kI pUrNatA ke lie hameM apanI pratyeka AdhyAtmika dharAtala para AtmA yA jIva ko tIna prakAra kA gatividhi kA sUkSma nirIkSaNa karate rahanA caahie| hameM zAstranirdiSTa mAnA gayA hai-bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura prmaatmaa| saMsAralipta ArambhI, udyogI, virodhI evaM saMkalpI hiMsA se virata honA caahie| aura zarIra ko hI AtmA samajhane vAlA jIva bahirAtmA hai| saMsAra ye cAroM hiMsaka praNAliyA~ kramazaH adhikAdhika aniSTakara evaM se svayaM ko pRthaka samajhane vAlA dRr3ha nizcayI jIva antarAtmA hai ghAtaka hai| mAnava sabhyatA kA itihAsa lagabhaga dasa hajAra varSa kA aura parama pada prApta vyakti (jIva) paramAtmA kahalAtA hai| hai| isa kAlAvadhi meM mAnava ne kramazaH sabhyatAmUlaka (sAMsArika) "egamappANaM saMpehAe dhuNe sarIragaM"Ta vikAsa bahuta adhika kiyA hai| usane jala, thala, nabha ko nicor3a DAlA hai| samasta saMsAra ko kSaNa bhara meM dhvasta karane kI bhI usane arthAt zarIra se pRthaka AtmA hai, ataH bhogalipta zarIra ko zakti prApta karalI hai| bhautika suvidhAoM kI dizA meM usane Aja tapazcaryA dvArA dhuna DAlanA caahie| svarga ko bhI upahasita kara diyA hai| usane prakRti kI sampUrNatA para spaSTa hai ki zramaNa saMskRti meM jIvAtmA ke Antarika sahaja vijaya pAne kA dAvA kiyA hai, para vaha mAnava-Aja kA mAnava guNoM ko hI mahattva diyA gayA hai| svayaM se-antarAtmA se apanI saMskRti se utanA hI adhika kaTatA AdhyAtmika evaM naitika vizuddhatA ko zramaNa dhArA meM sarvopari aura dUra hotA calA gayA hai| vizva dhvaMsa meM pUrNa samartha sthAna hai| adhyAtma kI rIr3ha ahiMsaka-jIvana hai| paramANu-bama-rUpI jvAlAmukhI para Aja vizva-mAnavatA baiThI huI hai| kabhI bhI visphoTa ho sakatA hai| Azaya yaha hai ki Aja ahiMsA kI ahiMsA-sArvabhauma sahaastitvamaya nirApada jIvana ke prati vizva ko gata yugoM kI tulanA meM bahuta adhika AvazyakatA hai| sadbhAvamaya jIvana dRSTi ahiMsA hai| kisI bhI prANI ko mana, vANI AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kA punarjAgaraNa Aja pUrNatayA apekSita hai| aura kriyA se kisI bhI prakAra kA (bhAvAtmaka yA zArIrika) duHkha mahAtmA gAMdhI ne ahiMsA ke mUla tattva ko udghATita karate hue kahA na pahu~cAnA ahiMsA hai| yaha ahiMsA kA niSedhAtmaka rUpa hai| sabhI hai-"mAnava meM jIvana-saMcAra kisI na kisI hiMsA se hotA hai| prANiyoM ke prati samabhAva rakhanA, yaha ahiMsA kA kriyAtmaka rUpa hai| isalie sarvopari dharma kI paribhASA eka nakArAtmaka kArya ahiMsA isake antargata anya prANiyoM kI rakSA-surakSA kA bhAva samAhita hai| se kI gaI hai| yaha zabda saMhAra kI saMkaDI meM baMdhA huA hai| dUsare samasta zramaNa jIvana kA AcAra ahiMsA-mUlaka hai aura vicAra zabdoM meM yaha hai ki zarIra meM jIvana-saMcAra ke lie hiMsA anekAntAtmaka hai| ahiMsA kI pUrNatA ke lie yaha bhI paramAvazyaka svAbhAvika rUpa se Avazyaka hai| isI kAraNa ahiMsA kA pujArI hai ki hama svayaM to ahiMsaka raheM hI, parantu dUsaroM ke dvArA bhI sadaiva prArthanA karatA hai ki use zarIra ke bandhana se mukti prApta hiMsA na karAe~ tathA aisI hiMsA kA anumodana bhI na kreN| prANImAtra ho|"12 kI svatratA aura prANarakSA kA pUrA dhyAna rakhakara hI hameM apanA jIvana nirdhArita karanA caahie| hiMsA dharma aura samAja meM bhI samaya-samaya para naye-naye rUpa dhAraNa kara praviSTa hotI rahI hai| zramaNa mahAvIra ke yuga meM sthiti "savve pANA piyAuyA, suha sAyA, dukkha paDikUlA appiyvhaa| aisI hI thii| dharmAdhikArI dharma kI hiMsAmUlaka vyAkhyA kara rahe the| piya jIviNo jIviukAmA, savvesiM jIviyaM piyN||9. samAja sudhAraka bhI vargavAda, chuAchUta, nArI ke prati hIna bhAvanA arthAt samasta jIvoM ko apane prANa priya haiM, ve sukha cAhate haiN| tathA nara-zoSaNa ke aneka upAya nikAla rahe the| mahAvIra ne isa dukha nhiiN| saba jIne kI icchA rakhate haiN| sabake viruddha krAnti kA zaMkhanAda kiyaa| ve eka virAT sAMskRtika mayamayanyaprANyAlaya ekajanAeyatajayantakAyama 2600000. 00000000000000 2500000.00:0:0:0:00:00.0000.00 JoiDeollowegianp.06000pco6000000 D a daPOOB DECODIDODo690 S o go 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 pocatego00 Wom.RD.COMSDKs 65600:0-01
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________________ co 518 naya cetanA ko lekara aae| jaina dharma kI sAMskRtika dena ke sambandha meM prasiddha itihAsakAra DaoN. rAdhAkamala mukharjI likhate haiM-13 "bhAratIya sabhyatA ko jainadharma kI sarvocca mUlya kI deneM haiM- pratyeka jIvadhArI ke prati udAratA aura tapasyA, vastratyAga tathA upavAsAdi ke prati vizvajanIna bhAvanA; yaha bAta kevala sAdhuoM ne hI nahIM, zrAvikAoM ne hI nahIM, kintu jana-sAmAnya ne bhI svIkAra kii| suprasiddha kAvyagrantha 'tirukkurala' ke 33veM pariccheda meM ahiMsA ke viSaya meM ye marmasparzI vacana kahe gaye haiM- 14 saba dharmoM meM zreSTha hai, parama ahiMsA dhrm| hiMsA ke pIche lage, pApa bhare saba karma // 9 // jinakI nirbhara jIvikA, hatyA para hI eka mRta bhojI unako vibudha, mAne ho saviveka // 9 // jaina paramparA ne ahiMsA kA vAstava meM sampUrNa vizva ko anokhA varadAna hI diyA hai| itanI gaharI, bahumukha, sUkSma, vyAvahArika evaM nizcayAtmaka dRSTi anyatra durlabha hai| jaina-ahiMsA ke AdhyAtmika pakSa ke sAtha usake vyAvahArika aura AcAramUlaka pakSa ke antargata rAtri bhojana parityAga, mAMsAhAra tyAga evaM gAlita jala-pAna kI vizeSa carcA hai| ahiMsA ke vyApakatama prabhAva ke viSaya meM AcArAMga meM atyantra prabhAvakArI vivecana hai-15 "atthi satthaM pareNa paraM natthi asatthaM pareNa prN|" arthAt zAstra eka se bar3hakara eka haiN| azastra ahiMsA se bar3hakara koI zastra nhiiN| isakA acUka prabhAva hotA hai| digaliya anekAnta-anekAnta jainadarzana kA eka pratinidhi pAribhASika zabda hai| isake sAtha syAdvAda evaM saptabhaMgI zabda bhI jur3e haiN| ina tIna zabdoM ko sahI sandarbha meM samajhakara hI jaina darzana ko samajhA jA sakatA hai| anekAnta zabda ke dvArA pratyeka vastu meM sApekSika rUpa se vidyamAna aneka avasthAoM yA sambandhoM ko samajhA jAtA hai| aneka (eka se adhika), anta arthAt dharma (avasthAe~), yahI isa zabda kA artha hai vastu meM sthita sApekSika avasthAoM ko eka sAtha samajhakara dhyAna meM to rakhA jA sakatA hai, parantu bolate samaya to eka krama apanAnA hI hogaa| yahI krama (vivecana krama) syAdvAda zabda dvArA spaSTa hotA hai| kisI vastu ke eka pakSa ko hI eka bAra meM kahA jAtA hai| vastu-vivecana ke kula sAta bhaMga (prakAra) saptabhaMgI zabda dvArA dyotita hote haiN| vastu ko vyavahAra kI dRSTi se aneka sApekSa rUpoM meM dekhA jAtA hai jabaki nizcayanaya (tAttvika dharAtala para) abhedAtmaka eka rUpa meM hI samajhA jAtA hai| anekAnta darzana meM apanI vaicArikatA ke sAtha dUsare vyakti kI vaicArikatA ko bhI sahRdayatA aura ImAnadArI se samajhA jAtA hai| Aja vizva ke aneka rASTroM meM 80 upAdhyAya zrI puSkara muni smRti grantha dhana-dhAnya evaM vaibhava kA saMgharSa kama hai, parantu vicAradhArAoM kI viparItatA aura durAgrahazIlatA kA saMgharSa sarvAdhika hai| rUsa aura amerikA, iMgaleNDa aura dakSiNa aphrIkA, IrAna aura IrAka, tamila-laMkA, hindustAna-pAkistAna Adi dezoM ke saMgharSa meM vaicArika ahaMkAra kI mAtrA sarvAdhika hai| zArIrika hiMsA kI aprekSA vaicArika hiMsA (dUsaroM ke vicAroM kA damana) adhika ghAtaka hai| ataH anekAnta darzana meM paramata sahiSNutA aura sadbhAvanA ko bahuta mahattva diyA gayA hai| saiddhAntika kaTTaratA (Dogmatism) kI durAgrahazIlatA kA jaina- vicAra dhArA ne sadA virodha kiyA hai| vaicArika svAtantrya hone para hI vaicArika pUrNatA A sakatI hai| vaidika evaM aupaniSadika vaicArikatA meM spaSTa TakarAhaTa hai| karmakANDa kA gItA meM bhI virodha parilakSita hotA hai| pazcima meM aura vizeSa rUpa se grIsa meM to sukarAta jaise svatantra aura nirbhIka vicArakoM kI Aja bhI vizva para chApa hai| sukarAta ke mRtyu kA varaNa kiyA, kintu apane vicAra nahIM bdle| usane kahA, 16 "There are many ways of avoiding death in every danger if a man is not ashamed to say and to do anything. But, my friends, I think it is a much harder thing to escape from wickedness than from death, for wickedness is swifter than death." arthAt manuSya yadi itanA bezarma ho jAe ki vaha mRtyu se bacane ke lie kucha bhI bolane aura karane ke lie taiyAra hai, to mRtyu ko TAlA jA sakatA hai parantu mitro, duSTatA kI apekSA mRtyu se baca nikalanA sarala hai, kyoMki duSTatA kI cAla mRtyu se adhika teja hotI hai| / sukarAta ne apane hatyAroM se marane ke pahale kahA, 17 "It is much better, and much easier, not to silence reproaches, but to make yourselves as perfect as you can. This is my parting prophecy to those who have condemned me." arthAt apane virodha ko damita na karanA adhika sarala aura zreyaskara hogA, balki khuda ko adhikAdhika nirdoSa evaM pUrNa banAnA caahie| yaha merI mRtyu ke pUrva kI bhaviSyavANI una logoM ke prati hai jinhoMne mujhe doSI ThaharAyA hai| sukarAta kA samaya Aja se lagabhaga DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva kA hai| usa samaya kitanI vaicArika asahiSNutA thii| damana se satya dabAyA to jA sakatA hai, samApta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jainadarzana vyaktimAtra kI ucita vaicArikatA kA svAgata karatA hai| vaha samanyavavAdI hai| Sola
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________________ adhyAtma sAdhanA ke zAsvata svara syAdvAda meM kisI vastu ke sambhava (sAta) pakSoM ko isa prakAra prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| ghaTa kA udAharaNa dekara spaSTa karate haiM 1. syAdasti ghaTa (ghaTa sApekSarUpa se vidyamAna hai ) 2. syAnnAsti ghaTa (ghaTa sApekSarUpa se vidyamAna nahIM hai) 3. syAdasti nAsti ca ghaTaH (ghaTa sApekSa rUpa se vidyAmAna hai, nahIM hai) 4. syAdavaktavyaH ghaTa (ghaTa sApekSa rUpa se avaktavya hai) 5. syAdasti avaktavyazca ghaTaH (ghaTa sApekSa rUpa se vidyamAna hai aura avaktavya hai) 5. syAdasti avaktavyazca ghaTaH (ghaTa sApekSa rUpa se vidyamAna hai aura avaktavya hai) 6. syAnnAsti avaktavyazca ghaTaH (ghaTa sApekSa rUpa se vidyamAna nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai) 7. syAdasti ca nAsti ca avaktavyazca ghaTaH (ghaTa sApekSa rUpa se vidyamAna hai, nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai| pratyeka vastu ke sApekSa dRSTi se aneka pakSa hote haiN| ataH unakA ekAntika kathana saMbhava nahIM hai| jaina darzana kA vizva kI cintanadhArA meM yaha atyanta mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| aparigraha-ahiMsaka AcaraNa manuSya meM vizAla lokacetanA jAgRta karatA hai| isa AcaraNa ke phalasvarUpa asaMgraha kI bhAvanA kA udaya hotA hai| vyaktigata sukha kA adhikatama tyAga mAnava meM jAgRta hotA hai| mAnava jAti kA sampUrNa itihAsa saMgraha aura asaMgraha yA garIbI aura amIrI kA hai| kabIlAvAda, sAmrAjyavAda sAmantavAda aura pU~jIvAda kI lambI kArA meM mAnava kaida rahA hai| Aja vaha pU~jIvAdI vyavasthA kA zikAra hai| yaha nirdhana aura dhanavAna kA saMgharSa cirantana-sA lagatA hai| mAnava dUsaroM ke adhikAroM aura jIvana sAdhanoM ko chInakara sukhI hone kA prayatna karatA hai, parantu sampUrNa mAnava samAja kI dRSTi meM vaha mRta tulya ho jAtA hai| vaha asAmAjika hokara jI nahIM sktaa| ataH zreyaSkara yahI hai ki hama apane jIvana ko adhikAdhika Atmanirbhara aura svatantra bnaaeN| yaha kArya asaMgraha yA aparigraha dvArA hI saMbhava hai| adhikAdhika dhana sampatti kA chala-kapaTa se saMgraha to parigraha aura sAmAjika aparAdha hai hI, isa sabake prati jo bhItarI rAgAtmakatA hai vaha sabase adhika ghAtaka hai| eka bhikSuka ghora daridra hokara bhI sampatti Adi ke prati Asakti ke kAraNa parigrahI hai| dUsarI ora eka cakravartI jala meM kamala kI bhA~ti nirlipta rahane para aparigrahI hai| bAta ImAnadArI kI hai| saMsAra ke sabhI dharma tyAga aura aparigraha ko mahattva dete haiN| para jaina dharma ne ise bahuta adhika aura gaharI mAnyatA dI hai| jaina muni parama aparigrahI (nagna) aura vizuddha rUpa se Atmanirbhara rahate haiN| AhAra meM bhI parama saMyamI hote 519 haiN| yaha aparigraha bhAva, sarvavyApI ho, yahI bhAvanA zramaNa saMskRti meM vyApta hai| lobha aura moha ke prabhAva meM mAnava ke mahAn guNa bhI prakaTa nahIM hote| usakI cetanA para pardA par3A rahatA hai| yahI saMgraha, atisaMgraha kI bhAvanA vizvayuddhoM kA kAraNa banatI hai| ataH saMsAra ke lAkhoM samrAToM, rAjAoM aura pU~jIpatiyoM ke jIvana kA anta kaisA huA ? unake itihAsa se hama paryApta mAtrA meM sabaka sIkha sakate haiN| mAnava kA saccA sukha bAhya sampadA meM na hokara bhItarI / guNoM ke vikAsa meM hai| aura guNoM kA vikAsa nirvikAra evaM aparigrahI vyakti meM hI saMbhava hai| korI anekAntAtmaka vaicArika sahAnubhUti akiMcitkara hI rahegI yadi use aparigraha arthAt tyAga ke dvArA pUrA na kiyA jaae| AcAryoM ne 'mUrcchA parigrahaH' kahA hai| mUrcchA arthAt mAnava mana ko mUrcchita rakhane vAle manovikAra lobha, tRSNA aura uccatAbhimAna hI parigraha hai| aparigraha AtmakalyANa aura vizvazAnti kA sarvottama AdhAra hai| aparigraha Atmaprerita hotA hai, jabaki samAjavAda rAjya yA zAsana dvArA Aropita kiyA jAtA hai| Aropita kI sthiti se svayaM svIkRti zreyaskara hai| "bhAratIya saMskRti tyAga aura saMyama kI saMskRti hai / jIvana kI saccI sundaratA aura suSamA saMyatAcaraNa meM hai; bAharI susajjA aura vAsanApUrti meM nahIM jina bhogopabhogoM meM lipta ho mAnava apane Apa taka ko bhUla jAtA hai, vaha jarA A~kheM kholakara dekhe ki ve usake jIvana ke amara tattva ko kisa prakAra jIrNa-zIrNa aura vikRta banA DAlate haiN| jIvana meM tyAga kI jitanA prazraya milegA, jIvana utanA hI sukhI, zAnta aura ubuddha hogaa|"18 zIla evaM samatA - zramaNa saMskRti ke Adi pravartaka Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ne paMca mahAvRtoM kA sUtrapAta kiyA thA ye ahiMsA, satya, acIrya, brahmacarya (zIla) aura aparigraha the| paravartI 22 tIrthaMkaroM ne cAturyAma kA ( zIlavrata ko chor3akara zeSa cAra) hI upadeza diyaa| zIla ko aparigraha ke sAtha jor3a liyaa| caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne apane samaya meM zIlavrata ko punaH svatantra sthAna diyA aura paMca mahAvratoM kI avikala sthApanA kii| AcArya bhadrabAhu ne AcArAMga kA varNana karate hue likhA haibAraha aMgoM meM AcArAMga prathama hai| usameM mokSa ke upAyoM kA varNana hai| AcArAGga brahmacarya nAmaka nau adhyayanamaya hai| brahmacarya kA spaSTa ardha haiM brahma arthAt mokSa ke lie caryA arthAt AcaraNa samasta mokSamArga brahmacarya zabda meM nihita hai| dhIre-dhIre brahmacarya zabda meM artha saMkoca huA aura vaha maithuna-viramaNa mAtra meM sImita ho gayA / vizva ke samasta dharmoM meM brahmacarya kI mahimA svIkAra kI gayI hai| mahAtmA gAMdhI ne likhA hai - 19 " mana, vANI aura kAyA se sampUrNa indriyoM kA sadA saba viSayoM meM saMyama brahmacarya hai| brahmacarya kA artha zArIrika saMyama mAtra nahIM hai, balki usakA artha hai- sampUrNa indriyoM para pUrNa adhikAra aura mana, vacana, karma se kAma vAsanA kA tyaag|" isa rUpa meM vaha Atma sAkSAtkAra yA brahmaprApti kA sIdhA 1774
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________________ / 520 PORADRASIR 30.066003 GRO 200000 mArga hai| brahmacarya samasta guNoM kI rakSA karane vAlA hai aura astikatA aura karma siddhAnta-jaina paraloka meM vizvAsa karate vyabhicAra samasta guNoM ko samApta karane vAlA hai|20 dRSTavya hai- haiN| AtmA ke paramAtmatva ko mAnate haiN| ve zAstrAnugAmI haiM ataH eka bAra gautama gaNadhara ne zramaNa mahAvIra se pUchA-'bhante ! maithuna / Astika haiN| AstikatA ko kisI khAsa caukhaTa meM kasanA ucita sevana karane vAle puruSa meM kisa prakAra kA asaMyama hotA hai? nahIM hai| jaina bhAgya aura Izvara ko sRSTi niyantA na manakara svayaM mahAvIra ne uttara diyA-jaise eka puruSa ruI kI nalI yA bUra kI mAnava ko (usake acche bure karmoM ko hI) usakA bhAgya vidhAtA nalI meM taptazalAkA DAla use naSTa kara de| maithuna sevana karane vAle mAnate haiN| mAnava apanA jaisA karma karatA hai| tadanurUpa phala bhogatA kA asaMyama aisA hotA hai| hai| basa puNya-pApa usake jIvana ko Upara nIce karate rahate haiN| samatA bhAva-samatA bhAva brahmacarya ke pAlana kA phalitArtha hai, karmavAda samasta bhAratIya cintana meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM prANImAtra kI AtmA samAna hai| ataH sabake prati sadA sabhI vidyamAna hai| isakA jitanA savikasita rUpa jaina zAstroM meM hai utanA avasthAoM meM samatA bhAva rakhanA zreyaSkara hai| dUsaroM ko jAti, anyatra nhiiN| vidyA, rUpa, dhana, pezA Adi ke AdhAra para prAyaH hama dekhate haiM karmavAda niyativAda nahIM hai| jIva karma ke bandhana meM rahakara aura choTA bar3A samajhate haiN| hameM dRSTi bhItarI guNoM para aura mUla apane puruSArtha se use kama karatA aura kATatA bhI hai| kRta karma kA para rakhanI caahie| bAhya saMsAra to ADambara hai aura parivartanazIla Jphala bhoganA hI hai, parantu naye satkarma karake hama sAtha-sAtha nayI hai| mAnava hI nahIM jIva mAtra ke prati samatA bhAva ho| zakti bhI grahaNa kara sakate haiN| prANI para kisI bAhya yA dUsare ke saiddhAntika dRr3hatA aura nija viveka-pratyeka zramaNa se yaha pUrI karma kA zAsana nahIM hotA, balki svakRta karma kA hI hotA hai| ataH AzA kI jAtI hai ki vaha jina siddhAntoM ko pUrI taraha samajhakara | hama svatantra haiN| karmoM ko roka bhI sakate haiN| svIkAra kara cukA hai, una para aTala rhe| apane prabuddha viveka ke karma kA artha-jaina paramparA meM karma zabda eka pAribhASika artha sAthA una para amala kre| siddhAnta kA andhAnukaraNa na kre| deza / meM grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| dravya karma aura bhAva karma ke bheda se karma aura kAla ke badalane para sadviveka ke dvArA pUrva mAnyatAoM meM do prakAra ke haiM / jo jar3a tattva yA karma AtmA ke sAtha milakara Avazyaka parivartana yA saMzodhana bhI kre| Azaya yaha hai ki zramaNa karma rUpa ho jAte haiM, ve dravyakarma haiN| rAga dveSamaya bhAva bhAvakarma lakIra kA phakIra na ho| zramaNa mahAvIra ne apane samaya meM cAturyAma kahalAte haiN| yoga (mana, vANI, zarIra kI pravRtti) aura kaSAya ko paMca mahAvratoM meM parivardhita kiyA thA aneka dhArmika-sAmAjika (krodha, mAna, mAyA lobha) hI karmabandha ke kAraNa haiN| sudhAra kiye the| paramparA aura pragati kA samanvaya zramaNa-cetanA kA patAmUla svara hai| 13, zAnti nagara, pallAvaram madrAsa - 600043 0.00 DDDO065 Post 606003 sandarbha sthala : 1. "Oxford Dictionary" -Culture 2. Apte's Sanskrit Dictionary. -Culture (saMskRti) 3. sammelana patrikA, loka saMskRti aMka, pR. 22 -DaoN. sampUrNAnanda 4. chAndogyopaniSad (8-4-1) bhAratIya saMskRti pra. khaNDa pR. 3 DaoN. maMgaladeva shaastrii| 5. "jaina saMskRti kA vyApaka svarUpa" Y1 -mahAtmA bhagavAna dIna 6. "mAnava saMskRti" lekhaka-paM. sundaralAla bhagavAnadAsa kelA kI sahAyatA 10. dazavaikAlika 11. "ahiMsA tattvadarzana" pR. 3-muni nathamala 12. "mahAtmA gAMdhI ke vicAra" (5-138) 13. e hisTrI oNpha inDiyana sivilIjezana, pR. 162 -rAdhAkamala mukharjI 14. 'tirukkurala' anuvAdaka-paM. govindarAya jaina, pariccheda 33-(1-9) 15. 'AcArAMga'zItoSNIya-69 16. "Socrates the man and his teaching." P. 47 90. "Socrates-the man and his teaching." P. 48 18. pravacana DAyarI-"AcArya tulasI ke 56-57 ke pravacana", pR. 49 19. brahmacarya-pR.3, zIla kI nava bAr3a-pR. 5 se 20. zIla kI nava bAr3a, pR. 11 DAVODA 7. "mAnava saMskRti" pR. 6-7 lekhaka-bhagavAnadAsa kelA bhUmikA banArasIdAsa caturvedI 8. AcArAMga 1-4-2 9. AcArAGga sUkta (loka vijaya) 37 R000000 6960000 Pedercal 212000.00000.000660 INOOR.COc4 0.0.00A00486