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________________ mAlavA kA jaina vAGmaya DaoN. tejasiMha gaur3a jaina sAhitya bhAratIya sAhitya meM viziSTha sthAna rakhatA hai aura sAhitya ke vividha aMgoM ko jaina vidvAnoM ne amUlya dena dI hai| yadyapi jaina sAhitya naitika aura dhArmika dRSTi se likhA gayA hai phira bhI use sAmpradAyika nahIM kahA jA sakatA / naitika aura dhArmika dRSTikoNa se sAhitya sRjana kA kAraNa yaha hai ki jaina vidvAna sAmAnya janatA ke naitika jIvana kA stara U~cA uThAnA cAhate the / isake atirikta jainAcAryoM ne apanA sAhitya janatA kI apanI bhASA meM likhA jisa tathya ko samajhakara hI mahAvIra aura buddha ne isa dizA meM upakrama kiye the| pAlI meM unake pravacana, saMskRta meM likhe jAne vAle brAhmaNa darzanoM se kahIM adhika hRdayasparzI hote the kAraNa janatA taka unake pahuMcane meM bhASaNa kA vyavadhAna Ar3e nahIM AtA thaa| jaina sAhitya kA bhASA vijJAna ke dRSTikoNa se mahatva jaina vidvAnoM ne bhAratIya sAhitya ke vikAsa ke pratyeka caraNa ko Age bar3hAne kA prayAsa kiyaa| svayaM mahAvIra svAmI ne apane upadeza tatkAlIna sAmAnya janatA kI bhASA prAkRta meM diye aura isa bhAvanA ko mahAvIra svAmI ke ziSyoM ne nirantara rkhaa| jaba prAkRta bhASA ne lagabhaga sAtavIM zatAbdI meM sAhityika svarUpa grahaNa kara liyA taba jaina vidvAnoM ne apane sAhitya sRjana kA mAdhyama badala diyA aura taba se apabhraMza meM apanA sAhitya likhane lge| bhAratavarSa kI aneka prAntIya bhASAeM jaise mAlavI, rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI, marAThI Adi apabhraMza ke mUla se utpanna huI hai| purAnI hindI meM jaina vidvAnoM ke dvArA likhA gayA sAhitya Aja bhI zAstra bhaNDAroM meM surakSita hai, jo hindI Adi kI utpatti aura unake kramika vikAsa ke itihAsa para paryApta prakAza DAlatA hai / hindI se atirikta bhI bhAratavarSa kI anya bhASAoM meM bhI jaina vidvAnoM ne sAhitya sajana kiyaa| sAtha hI sAhityika bhASA saMskRta meM bhI ina vidvAnoM ne paryApta sAhitya racanA kI / jainAcAryoM kI vizeSatA rahI hai ki ve janma kahIM lete haiM tathA unakI karmabhUmi kahIM aura hotI hai / unake sAhitya meM unake jIvana tathA racanAoM ke saMbaMdha meM aisI koI vistRta jAnakArI nahIM hotii| aisI sthiti meM yaha patA lagAnA bar3A kaThina ho jAtA hai ki kauna se AcArya ne kauna sA grantha kaba aura kahAM likhA? phira bhI hama mAlavA meM bArahvIM zatAbdI taka sRjita jaina sAhitya para prakAza DAlane kA prayAsa kareMge / jaina sAhitya mAlavA meM likhA gayA usako nimnAMkita bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai -- 1. Agamika aura dArzanika sAhitya 2. kathA sAhitya 3. kAvya 4. stotra sAhitya 5. alaMkAra aura vyAkaraNa sAhitya 6. anya sAhitya 1. Agamika aura dArzanika sAhitya __ jaina sAhitya meM Agamika aura dArzanika sAhitya kA vizeSa mahatva hai| isameM gyAraha aMga, bAraha upAMga, chaH chedasUtra, cAra mUla sUtra, dasa prakIrNaka aura do anya sUtra anuyoga dvAra sUtra aura naMdI sUtra haiM / isa zAkhA ko bhadrabAhu kI bAraha niyuktiyoM, vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, bIsa anya prakIrNakoM, payuSaNakalpa, jIta kalpa sUtra, zrAddhajAtI kalpa, pAkSI sUtra, vanditusUtra, kSamaNasUtra, yatijItakalpa aura RSibhASita ne aura samRddha kara diyA tathA isa prakAra sUtra saMkhyA caurAzI taka pahu~ca gaI hai isa zAkhA kA adhyayana pratyeka yuga meM barAbara hotA rahA hai tathA isa para TIkAeM, upaTIkAeM bhI alagaalaga bhASA meM samaya-samaya para likhI jAtI rahI haiN| na kevala Agama sAhitya meM varana darzana sAhitya meM bhI uttarottara samRddhi huI tathA jaina dharma ke maulika siddhAntoM ko vyavasthita rUpa se prastuta kiyA gyaa| 106 rAjenna-jyoti
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________________ mAlavA meM Agamika aura dArzanika sAhitya kI sarvAdhika ullekhanIya upalabdhi hai / AcArya bhadrabAhu ke kalpasUtra ke atirikta kSapaNaka ne jo kiMvadantiyoM ke anusAra vikramAditya ke navaratnoM meM se eka mAne jAte haiM darzana zuddhi, sammati tarkasUtra, prameya ratnakoSa evaM nyAyAvatAra graMthoM kI racanA kI / nyAyAvatAra grantha apUrva hai| yaha atyanta laghu grantha hai kintu ise dekhakara gAgara meM sAgara bharane kI kahAvata yAda A jAtI hai / battIsa zlokoM meM kSapaNaka ne sArA jaina nyAyazAstra isameM bhara diyA hai| nyAyAvatAra para candraprabhasUri ne nyAyAvatAra nivRtti nAmaka vizada TIkA bhI likhI hai| Agama sAhitya ko vyavasthita evaM sarala karane kA zreya AryarakSita sUri ko hai| ApakA janma mandasaura meM huA thaa| Apane AcArya tosalIputra se jaina evaM dRSTivAda kA adhyayana kiyA phira guru kI AjJA se AcArya bhadragupta sUri tathA Arya vajrasvAmI ke samIpa rahakara vidyAdhyayana kiyaa| AcArya AryarakSita sUri ne bahujana hitAya bahujana sukhAya kI sArvajanika hita kI dRSTi se uttama evaM mahAna kArya yaha kiyA ki yaha jAnakara vartamAna meM sAtha hI bhaviSya meM bhI jainAgamoM kI gahanatA evaM durUhavRtti se asAdhAraNa medhAvI bhI eka bAra unheM samajhane meM kaThinAI kA anubhava karegA, AgamoM ko cAra anuyogoM meM vibhakta kara diyA / yathA 1. caraNA-karaNAnuyoga 2. gaNitAnuyoga 3. dharmakathAnuyoga 4. dravyAnuyoga isake sAtha hI AcArya AryarakSita sUri ne anuyogadvAra sUtra kI bhI racanA kI jo jaina darzana kA pratipAdaka mahatvapUrNa Agama mAnA jAtA hai| yaha Agama AcArya pravara kI divyatama dArzanika dRSTi kA paricAyaka hai| siddhasena divAkara dvArA racita "sammati prakaraNa" prAkRta meM hai| jaina dRSTi aura mantavyoM ko tarka zailI meM spaSTa tathA sthApita karane meM yaha jaina vAGamaya meM sarvaprathama grantha hai jisk| Azraya uttaravartI sabhI zvetAmbara evaM digambara vidvAnoM ne liyA / siddhasena divAkara ne tatvArthAdhigamasUtra kI TIkA bhI bar3I vidvattA se likhI hai| isa grantha ke lekhaka ko digambara sampradAya vAle umAsvAmin aura zvetAmbara sampradAyavAle umAsvAti batalAte haiM / devasena kRta darzanasAra kA vikrama saMvata 990 meM dhArA ke pArzvanAtha maMdira meM race jAne kA ullekha milatA hai| isake atirikta 'AlApa paddhati inakI nyAyaviSayaka racanA hai| eka laghunayacakra jisameM 87 nagamAdi nau nayoM ko unakI gAthAoM dvArA dravyAthika aura paryAyAthika ina do tathA unake bhedopabheda ke udAharaNoM sahita samajhAyA hai| dUsarI racanA vRhannayacakra hai| jisameM 423 gAthAeM haiM aura usameM nayoM aura nikSepoM kA svarUpa vistAra se samajhAyA gayA hai| racanA ke aMta kI 6-7 gAthAoM meM lekhaka ne eka mahatvapUrNa bAta batalAI hai ki AditaH unhoMne davyasahAva payAsa (dravya svabhAva prakAza) nAma ke isa grantha kI racanA dohA-baMdha meM kI thI kintu unake eka zubhakara nAma ke mitra ne use suna kara haMsate hae kahA ki yaha viSaya isa chaMda se zobhA nahIM detA, ise gAthAbaddha kIjiye / ataeva use unake mAhalladhavala nAmaka ziSya ne gAthA rUpa meM parivartita kara ddaalaa| syAdvAda aura nayavAda kA svarUpa samajhane ke liye devasena kI ye racanAeM bahuta upayogI haiN|' amita gati kRta 'subhASita-ratna saMdoha" meM battIsa pariccheda haiM jinameM se pratyeka meM sAdhAraNataH eka hI chanda kA prayoga huA hai / isameM jaina nIti-zAstra ke vibhinna dRSTikoNoM para ApAtataH vicAra kiyA gayA hai, sAtha-sAtha brAhmaNoM ke vicAroM aura AcAra ke prati isakI pravRtti visaMvAdAtmaka hai / pracalita rIti ke DhaMga para striyoM para khUba AkSepa kiye gaye haiN| eka pUrA pariccheda vezyAoM ke saMbaMdha meM hai| jaina dharma ke AptoM kA varNana 28 veM pariccheda meM kiyA gayA hai aura brAhmaNa dharma ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki ve ukta AptajanoM kI samAnatA nahIM kara sakate kyoMki ve striyoM ke pIche kAmAtura rahate haiM, madya sevana karate haiM aura indriyAsakta hote haiN| amitagati kRta zrAvakAcAra lagabhaga 1500 saMskRta padyoM meM pUrNa huA hai aura vaha 15 adhyAya meM vibhAjita hai, jinameM dharma kA svarUpa mithyAtva aura samyaktva kA bheda, saptatatva, pUjA va upavAsa evaM bAraha bhAvanAoM kA suvistRta varNana pAyA jAtA hai| aMtima adhyAya meM dhyAna kA varNana 114 padyoM meM kiyA gayA hai jisameM dhyAna, dhyAtA, dhyeya aura dhyAnaphala kA nirUpaNa hai| amitagati ne apane aneka granthoM meM unake racanAkAla kA ullekha kiyA hai| jinameM vikrama saMvat 1050 se 1073 taka ke ullekha milate haiN| ataeva ukta grantha kA racanAkAla lagabhaga 1000 I. siddha hotA hai|' unake dvArA racita yogasAra meM 9 adhyAyoM meM naitika va AdhyAtmika upadeza diye gaye haiN| amitagati ne saMskRta zlokabaddha paMca saMgraha kI racanA kI jo usakI prazasti ke anusAra vi. saM. 1073 meM masUrikApura (vartamAna masudavilodA jo dhArA ke pAsa hai) nAmaka sthAna meM samApta huii| isameM pAMcoM adhikAroM ke nAma pUrvokta hI haiM tathA dRSTivAda aura karmapravAda ke ullekha ThIka purvokta prakAra se hI Aye haiM / yadi hama isakA AdhAra prAkRta paMca saMgraha ko na mAneM to yahAM zataka aura saptati nAmaka adhikAroM kI koI sArthakatA hI siddha nahIM hotI, kyoMki inameM zloka saMkhyA usase bahuta adhika hai kintu jaba saMskRta rUpAntarakAra ne adhikAroM ke nAma ve hI rakhe haiM, taba unhoMne bhI mUla aura bhASya para AdhArita zlokoM ko alagaalaga rakhA ho to Azcarya nahIM / 1 amitagati kI anya racanAoM meM bhAvanA-agizatikA ArAdhanA, sAmAyika pATha aura upAsakAcAra kA ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai|12 mANikya nandI jo darzanazAstra meM taladRSTA vidvAna the aura tretokyanandI ke ziSya the dhArA ke nivAsI the / inakI eka mAtra kRti parIkSAmukha nAmaka eka nyAyasUtra grantha hai jisameM kula 277 sUtra haiN| ye sUtra sarala, sarasa aura gaMbhIra arthadyotaka haiM / mANikyanaMdI ne AcArya akalaMkadeva ke vacana samudra kA dohana karake jo nyAyAmRta nikAlA vaha unakI dArzanika pratibhA kA dyotaka hai| inake ziSya prabhAcandra ne parIkSAmukha kI TIkA likhI hai jo "prameyakamala mArtaNDa" ke nAma se prasiddha hai| prameyakamala mArtaNDa rAjA bhoja ke rAjyakAla meM racA gayA hai / "" prabhAcandra ke anya granthoM meM 'nyAyakumudacandra" jaina nyAya kA eka bar3A prAmANika grantha mAnA jAtA hai / prabhAcandra kRta "AtmAnuzAsana tilaka" vI.ni.saM. 2503 Jain Education Intemational
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________________ 'ratnakaraNDa TIkA paMcAstikAya pradIpa, pravacana' saroja bhAskara, samAdhitaMtra, kriyAkalApa TIkA Adi granthoM kA bhI patA calatA hai|" mahApaMDita AzAdhara apanI vidvattA ke liye prasiddha haiM / inakI pratibhA kAvya, nyAya, vyAkaraNa, zabdakoza, alaMkAra, dharmazAstra, yogazAstra, stotra aura vaidyaka Adi sabhI viSayoM meM asAdhAraNa thii| paM. AzAdhara kRta sAgAradharmAmRta meM saptavyasanoM ke aticAra kA varNana zrAvakadharma kI dinacaryA aurasAdhaka kI samAdhi vyavasthA para prakAza DAlatA hai| yaha grantha lagabhaga 500 saMskRta padyoM meM pUrNa havA hai aura ATha adhyAyoM dvArA zrAvakadharma kA sAmAnya varNana, aSTa mUlagaNa tathA gyAraha pratimAoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| vrata pratimA ke bhItara bAraha vratoM ke atirikta zrAvakadharma kI dinacaryA bhI batalAI gaI hai| aMtima adhyAya ke 110 zlokoM meM samAdhimaraNa kA vistAra se varNana huvA hai| racanAzailI kAvyAtmaka hai| grantha para kartA kI sarvopama TIkA upalabdha hai jisase usakI samApti kA samaya vikrama saMvat 1296 yA I. san 1296 ullikhita hai| 18 inakI dUsarI racanA "prameyaratnAkara" syAdvAda vidyA kI pratiSThApanA karatI hai / 10 AzAdhara kRta "adhyAtmarahasya hAla hI prakAza meM AyA hai| isameM 72 saMskRta zlokoM dvaar| Atmazuddhi aura Atmadarzana evaM anubhUti kA yoga bhI bhUmikA para prarUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| AzAdhara ne apanI anAgAradharmAmRta kI TIkA kI prazasti meM isa grantha kA ullekha kiyA hai| isa grantha kI eka prAcIna prati aMtima puSpikA meM ise dharmAmata kA yogopana" nAmaka aThAravAM adhyAya kahA hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki isa grantha kA dUsarA nAma yogoddIpana bhI hai aura ise kartA ne apane dharmAmRta ke aMtima upasaMhArAtmaka aThAraveM adhyAya ke rUpa meM likhA thaa| svayaM kartA ke zabdoM meM unhoMne apane pitA ke Adeza se Arabdha yogiyoM ke liye isa prasanna, gaMbhIra aura priyazAstra kI racanA kI thI 120 inakI anya racanAoM meM dharmAmRtamUla zAnadIpikA, bhavyakumadacandrikA yaha dharmAmRta para libI TIkA hai| isakA nAma kSodakSamA thA parantu vidvAnoM ne isakI sarasatA aura saralatA se mugdha hokara 'bhavyakumudacandrikA' rakhA / mUlArAdhanA zivArya kI ArAdhanA para TIkA / ArAdhanAsAra TIkA nityamahodyota ratnamaya vidhAna Adi hai| dhArA ke nivAsI lAr3abAgaDa saMgha aura balAtkAeNa ke AcArya zrIcandra ne zivakoTi kI "bhagavatI ArAdhanA" para "TippaNa" likhA hai yaha TippaNa zrIcandra ne rAjA bhoja ke rAjatvakAla meM banAkara samApta kiyA hai| 22 vahIM ke zAMtinAtha maMdira meM baiThakara pUrA kiyaa| digambarI sampradAya ke kathAsaMgrahoM meM isakA tIsarA sthAna hai| hariSeNakRta kathAko kI racanA vinAyakapAla rAjA ke rAjyakAla meM badanAvara meM kI gii| vinAyakapAla pratihAra vaMza kA rAjA thA jisakI rAjadhAnI kannoja thii| kathAkoza kI racanA vi. saM. 989 meM huii| yaha kathAkoza sAr3he bAraha hajAra zloka parimANa kA vRhad grantha hai 121 yaha saMskRta padyoM meM racA gayA hai aura upalabdha samasta kathAkozoM meM prAcInatama siddha hotA hai| isameM 157 kathAeM haiM jinameM cANakya, zakaTAla, bhadrabAhu, bararuci, svAmikArtikeya Adi aitihAsika puruSoM ke caritra bhI haiN| isa kathAkoza ke anusAra bhadrabAha ujjayinI ke samIpa bhAdrapada meM hI rahe the aura unake dIkSita ziSya rAjA candragupta amaranAtha vizAkhAcArya saMgha sahita dakSiNa ke punnATa deza ko gaye the| kathAoM meM kucha nAma va zabda jaise bhedajja (metArya) vijjadAr3ha (vidyudaSTra) prAkRta rUpa meM prayukta hue haiM jisase anumAna hotA hai ki racayitA kathAoM ko kisI prAkRta kRti ke adhAra para likha rahA hai| unhoMne svayaM apane kathAkoza ko ArAdhanoddhRta kahA hai, jisase anumAnataH bhagavatI ArAdhanA kA anumAna hotA hai / AcArya mahAsena ne pradyumnacarita kI racanA 11 vIM zatAbdI ke madhya bhAga meM kI 120 amitagati kRta dharmaparIkSA kI zailI kA mUla srota yadyapi haribhadra kRta prAkRta dhUrtAkhyAna hai tathApi yahAM aneka choTe bar3e kathAnaka sarvathA svataMtra va maulika haiN| grantha kA mUla uddezya anya dharmoM kI paurANika kathAoM kI asatyatA ko unase adhika kRtrima, asaMbhava va UTapaTAMga AkhyAna kahakara, siddha karake saccA dhArmika zraddhAna utpanna karanA hai| inameM dhUrtatA aura mUrkhatA kI kathAoM kA bAhulya hai 127 prAkRta kozoM meM sarvaprAcIna racanA dhanapAlakRta "pAiyalacchInAmamAlA" hai jo usakI prazasti ke anusAra kartA ne apanI bhaginI sundarI ke liye dhArA nagarI meM vikrama saMvat 1029 meM likhI thI, jabaki mAlavanarendra dvArA mAnyakheTa lUTA gayA thaa| yaha ghaTanA anya aitihAsika pramANoM se bhI siddha hotI hai| dhArA nareza harSadeva ne eka zilAlekha meM ullekha kiyA hai ki usane rASTrakUTa rAjA khoTTigadeva ko lakSmI kA apaharaNa kiyA thaa| isa koza ke amarakoza kI rIti se prAkRta padyoM meM lagabhaga 1000 prAkRta zabdoM ke paryAyavAcI zabda koI 250 gAthAoM meM diye haiN| prAraMbha meM kamalAsanAdi 18 nAma paryAya evaM eka gAthA meM, phira lokAna Adi 167 taka nAma AdhI-AdhI gAthA meM, tatpazcAta 597 taka eka-eka caraNa meM aura zeSa chinna arthAta eka gAthA meM kahIM cAra, kahIM pAMca aura kahIM chaha nAma diye gaye haiN| grantha ke ye cAra pariccheda kahe jA sakate haiN| adhikAMza nAma aura unake paryAya tadbhava haiN| sacce dezI zabda adhika se adhika paMcamAMza hoMge 128 saMskRta gadyAtmaka AkhyAnoM meM dhanapAlakRta tilakamaMjarI (I. 970) kI bhASAzailI bar3I ojasvinI hai / "muni zrIcandra ne mahAkavi puSpadaMta ke uttarapurANa kA TippaNa likhA hai jise unhoMne sAgarasena nAma ke saiddhAntika vidvAna se mahApurANa ke viSaya meM padoM kA vivaraNa jAnakara aura mUla TippaNa kA avalokana kara vi. saM. 1080 rAjAbhoja ke rAjyakAla meM likhA / isake atirikta inhoMne 2. kathAsAhitya kathAtmaka sAhitya ke antargata hama kathAkoza, paurANika grantha, caritagrantha evaM aitihAsika prakAra ke granthoM ko sammilita karate haiN| isa zreNI meM sarvaprathama hama punnAra saMgha ke AcArya jinasena ke itihAsapradhAna carita kAvya "harivaMza" kA ullekha kreNge| isa grantha kI racanA jinasenAcArya ne zaka saMvat 705 meM vardhamAnapura vartamAna badanAvara jilA dhAra ke pAzrvAlaya (pArzvanAtha ke maMdira meM) kI "annarAjavasati" meM kI aura usakA jo zeSa bhAga rahA use 108 rAjendra-jyoti Jain Education Intemational
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________________ raviSeNakRta padamacarita para TippaNa bi. sa. 1087 meM evaM purANa sAra vi. saM. 1080 meM likhA 131 prabhASacandra ne ArAdhanA gadya kathA koza kI racanA kI / isameM candragupta ke atirikta samantabhandra aura akalaMka ke caritra bhI vaNita haiM / apabhraMza bhASA ke eka kavi "vIra" kI varAMgacarita "zAMtinAtha carita", "suddhayavIra" ambAdevIrAsa aura jambasAmicariu kA patA calatA hai kintu inakI prathama cAra racanAoM meM se eka bhI Aja upalabdha nahIM hai / pAMcavIM kRti "jambUsAmicariu' grantha kI aMtima prazasti ke anusAra vi. saM. 1076 meM mAha mAgha kI zakla dasamI ko likhI gii| kavi ne 11 saMdhiyoM meM jambasvAmI kA caritra citraNa kiyA hai| vIra ke jambasAmicariu meM 11 vI sadI ke mAlavA kA loka jIvana surakSita hai| vIra ke sAhitya kA mahatva "mAlavA" kI bhaugolika, Arthika, rAjanaitika aura loka saMskRti kI dRSTi se to hai hI, parantu sarvAdhika mahatva "mAlavI bhASA" kI dRSTi se hai| mAlavI zabdAvalI kA vikAsa "vIra" kI bhASA meM khojA jA sakatA hai| 6 nayanaMdIkRta "saMkala vidhi vidhAna kahA" vi.saM. 1100 meM likhA gayA / yadyapi yaha khaMDa kAvya ke rUpa meM hai kintu vizAla kAvya meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| isakI prazasti meM itihAsa kI mahatvapUrNa sAmagra prastuta kI gaI hai| usameM kavi ne grantha banAne ke preraka harisiMha muni kA ullekha karate hue apane pUrvavartI jaina, janetara aura kucha samasAmayika vidvAnoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| kavi dAmodara ne rAjA devapAla ke rAjya meM nAgadeva ke anurodha para nemijina caritra banAyA thA / paM. AzAdhara ne amarakoza kI TIkA bhI likhI hai| aura paramAra rAjA devapAla ke rAjyakAla meM paM. AzAdhara ne saM.1292 meM triSaSTismRtizAstra kI racanA kii|10 jisameM 63 zalAkA puruSoM kA caritra apekSAkRta saMkSepa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai jisameM pradhAnataH jinasena va guNabhadrakRta mahApurANa kA anusaraNa pAyA jAtA hai|| 3. kAvya ___mAlavA ke jaina vidvAnoM meM aneka bar3e kavi ho cuke haiM / kucha kAvyagranthoM kA, jo caritra evaM aitihAsika zreNI meM Ate haiM, ullekha hama Upara kara cuke haiN| kucha grantha jinakA ullekha mahAkAvyoM yA laghukAvyoM kI zreNI meM AtA hai vaha isa prakAra hai : nayanaMdI kRta "sudarzanacaritra" apabhraMza kA khaNDa kAvya hai jisakI racanA vi.saM. 1100 meM haI 142 yaha grantha mahAkAvyoM kI zreNI meM rakhane yogya hai / paM. AzAdhara kRta aneka kAvya granthoM kA ullekha milatA hai| inakI racanA "bhAratezvarAbhyudaya" meM bharata ke aizvarya kA varNana hai| ise siddhacakra bhI kahate haiN| kyoMki isake pratyeka sarga ke aMta meM siddha pada AyA hai / 3 rAjamatI vipralambha khaNDa kAvya hai| jisa para lekhaka kI svayaM kI "svopatrakalpa" jisakA ki dUsarA nAma 'pratiSThAsAroddhAra" thA dharmAmRta kA eka aMga hai vaha bhI paM. AzAdhara kI hI racanA hai|" isake atirikta aura koI kAvya granthoM kI jAnakArI hameM nahIM milatI, jo mahAkAvya mile haiM ve hamArI samaya sImA ke paryApta bAda ke haiM jinakA ullekha karanA ucita nahIM pratIta hotA / 4. stotra sAhitya stotroM meM sabase prAcIna stotra siddhasena divAkara ke haiM / siddhasena divAkara ke do stotra (1) kalyANa maMdira stotra tathA (2) varddhamAna dvAtrizikA stotra upalabdha hai| inakA kalyANa maMdira stotra 44 zlokoM meM hai| yaha pArzvanAtha bhagavAna kA stotra hai| isakI kavitA meM prAsAda guNa kama hai aura kRtrimatA evaM zleSa kI bharamAra hai / parantu pratibhA kI kamI nahIM hai| kiMvadantI hai ki kalyANa maMdira stotra kA pATha samApta hote hI ujjayinI ke mahAkAla maMdira meM zivaliMga phaTa gayA aura usake madhya meM pArzvanAtha kI mUrti nikala aaii| isake aMtima bhinna chaMda ke eka padya meM isake kartA kA nAma kumadacandra sUcita kiyA gayA hai jise kucha loga siddhasena kA hI dUsarA mAnate haiM dUsare padya ke anusAra yaha 23 veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI stuti meM racA gayA hai| bhaktAmara ke sadRzya hote hue bhI yaha apanI kAvya kalpanAoM va zabda yojanA meM maulika hI hai-he jinendra! Apa una bhaktoM ko saMsAra se kaise pAra kara lete haiM jo apane hRdaya meM ApakA nAma dhAraNa karate haiM ? hAM, jAnA, jo eka mazaka bhI jala meM tairakara nikala jAtI hai vaha usake bhItara bhare hae pavana kA hI to prabhAva hai| he jineza, Apake dhyAna se bhavya puruSa kSaNamAtra meM deha ko chor3akara paramAtmadazA ko prApta ho jAte haiM, kyoM na hoM, tIva agni ke prabhAva se nAnA dhAtueM apane pASANa bhAva ko chor3akara zuddha suvarNatva ko prApta kara letI haiN| siddhamena divAkara kRta "varddhamAna dvAvizikA" dUsarA stotra hai / yaha 32 zlokoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI stuti hai / isameM kRtrimatA evaM zleSa nahIM hai| prasAdaguNa adhika hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra ko ziva, baddha, hRSikeza, viSNu evaM jagannAtha mAnakara prArthanA kI gaI hai| ina donoM stotroM meM siddhasena divAkara kI kAvyakalA UMcI zreNI kI hai| mAnatugAcArya kRta "bhakttAmara stotra" ko prAraMbha karane kI zailI puSpadaMta ke zivamahimna stotra se prAyaH milatI hai| pratihArya evaM vaibhava varNana meM bhaktAmara para pAtra kesarI stotra kA bhI prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| inakA bhaktAmara stotra zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI sampradAyoM meM samAna rUpa se samAvRta hai / kavi kI yaha racanA itanI lokapriya rahI hai, jisase isake pratyeka aMtima caraNa ko lekara samasyA pUAtmaka stotra kAvya likhe jAte rahe haiM / bhaktAmara bahuta hI lokapriya aura supracalita evaM prAyaH pratyeka jaina ke jihvAgra para hai| digambara paramparAnasAra isameM 48 tathA zvetAmbara meM 44 padya haiN| stotra kI racanA siMhonnatA vasantatilakA chanda meM huI hai| isameM svayaMkartA ke anusAra prathama jinendra arthAt RSabhanAtha kI stuti kI gaI hai / tathApi samasta racanA aisI hai ki vaha kisI bhI tIrthara ke liye sArthaka ho sakatI hai| pratyeka padya meM bar3e mundara upamA, rUpaka Adi alaMkAroM kA samAveza hai-"he bhagavana ! Apa adbhuta jagata prakAzI dIpaka haiM, jisameM na tela hai na bAtI aura na dhUmra; jahAM parvatoM ko hilA dene vAle vA jhoke bhI pahuMca nahIM sakate tathApi jisase jagata bhara meM prakAza phailatA hai| he munIndra, ApakI mahimA sUrya se bhI bar3hakara hai, kyoMki Apa na kabhI asta hote haiM, na rAhugamya haiM na ApakA mahAna prabhAva meghoM meM niruddha hotA hai| vI.ni. saM. 2503
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________________ Apa eka sAtha samasta lokoM kA svarUpa suspaSTa karate haiN| bhagavan Apa hI buddha haiM kyoMki Apake buddhi va bodha kI vibudhajana arcanA karate haiN| Apa hI zaMkara haiM kyoMki Apa bhuvanatraya kA zubha arthAt kalyANa karate haiN| aura Apa hI vidhAtA brahmA haiM kyoMki Apane ziva mArga (mokSamArga) kI vidhi kA vidhAna kiyA hai ityAdi / 40 isakA sampAdana va jarmana bhASA meM anuvAda DaoN. yAkobI ne kiyA hai| isa stotra ke AdhAra se bar3e vizAla sAhitya kA nirmANa huvA hai| isa para koI 20-25 to TIkAeM likhI gaI haiM evaM bhaktAmara stotra kathA va caritra, chAyA stavana, paMcAga vidhi, pAdapUrti stavana, pUjA, maMtra mAhAtmya, vratodyApana Adi bhI 20-25 se kama nahIM haiN| prAkRta meM bhI mAnatuMgakRta bhayaharastotra pArzvanAtha kI stuti ke rUpa meM racA gayA hai / 50 prabhAcandra ne vRhata svayaMbhU stotra TIkA likhI hai 11 paM. AzAdharakRta siddhagaNastotra svopajJa TIkA sahita tathA bhUpAla caturviMzati TIkA bhI inake hI dvArA likhI batAI jAtI hai| 5. alaMkAra aura vyAkaraNa sAhitya mAlavA ke jaina vidvAnoM ne alaMkAra evaM vyAkaraNa jaise viSayoM para bhI sAhitya sRjana kiyA hai| prabhAcandra kA zabdAmbhojabhAskara eka vyAkaraNa grantha hai| paM. AzAdhara ne kriyAkalApa ke nAma se vyAkaraNa grantha kI racanA kI tathA alaMkAra se saMbaMdhita kAvyAlaMkAra TIkA likhI / 55 6. anya sAhitya AcArya amitagati kI kucha racanAeM upalabdha nahIM haiM jinake nimna nAma haiM : 1. jambUdvIpa 2. candraprajJapti-ye donoM grantha sambhavataH bhUgola viSayaka haiN| 3. sArdhadvaya dvIpa prajJapti tathA 4. vyAkhyA prajJapti haiN| paM. AzAdhara ne Ayarveda se saMbaMdhita granthoM kI bhI racanA kI thii| inhoMne vAgbhaTTa ke Ayurveda grantha aSTAMgahRdayI kI TIkA "aSTAMgahRdayodyotinI" ke nAma se likhii| isa prakAra mAlavA meM jaina vidvAnoM ke vividha viSayaka grantha upalabdha hote haiM tathA abhI bhI naye-naye jaina vidvAnoM ke grantha prakAza meM Ate jA rahe haiN| yadi samUce bhAratavarSa ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM tathA vyaktigata saMgrahAlayoM meM khoja kI jAye to aura aneka mahatvapUrNa granthoM ke prakAza meM Ane kI saMbhAvanA hai| isake atirikta uparyukta vivaraNa se eka bAta spaSTa rUpa se vidita ho jAtI hai ki jitanA bhI sAhitya jaina dharma meM upalabdha hai usa samasta sAhitya kA sRjana jainAcAryoM ke dvArA havA hai kyoMki vaNika jAti vyApAra pradhAna jAti hai isa kAraNa isa jAti ke vyaktiyoM kA to sAhitya sRjana kI ora dhyAna nahIM ke barAbara jAtA hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki jainAcAryoM ke dvArA racA gayA sAhitya hamAre sAmane hai| usakI bhI vizeSatA yaha hai ki yaha sAhitya bhI sAmpradAyika graMtha taka hI sImita nahIM raha gayA hai varan sAhitya ke vibhinna aMgoM para ina AcAryoM ne apane granthoM kI adhikArapUrvaka racanA kara sAhitya ke bhaNDAra meM abhivRddhi kI hai| saMdarbha graMthoM kI sUcI 1. ujjayinI darzana pRSTha 93 2. zrImad rAjendrasUri smAraka grantha pRSTha 459 3. vahI pRSTha 459 4. sva. bAbU zrI bahAdurasiMhajI sindhI smRti grantha pRSTha 12 5. saMskRti kendra ujjayinI pRSTha 116 6. guru gopAladAsa baraiyA smRti grantha pRSTha 544 7. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna pRSTha 87 8. saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa bhAga 2 kotha, pRSTha 286-87 9. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna pRSTha 113-14 10. vahI pRSTha 121 11. vahI pRSTha 81 12. saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa gairolA pRSTha 345 13. guru gopAladAsa baraiyA smRti grantha pRSTha 546 14. vaddI pRSTha 548 15. bhAratIta saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna pRSTha 89 16. saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa gairolA pRSTha 355 17 vahI pRSTha 346 18. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna pRSTha 114 19. vIravANI varSa 18 aMka 13 pRSTha 21 20. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna pRSTha 122 21. vIravANI pRSTha 22 22. guru gopAladAsa baraiyA smRti grantha pRSTha 546 23. jaina sAhitya no saMkSipta itihAsa desAI pRSTha 177-78 bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, pRSTha 332 24. saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa gairolA pRSTha 351 25. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, pRSTha 117 26. guru gopAladAsa baraiyA smRti grantha pRSTha 545-46 27. bhAra. saM. meM jaina kA yogadAna pRSTa 177 28. vahI pRSTha 195-96 29. vahI pRSTha 174 30. guru gopAladAsa baraiyA smRti grantha pRSTha 546 31. saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa gairolA pRSTha 355 32. guru gopAladAsa baraiyA smRti grantha pRSTha 545 33. bhAra. saM. meM jaina dharma kA yo. pRSTha 178 34. dainika naI duniyA dinAMka 9-7-72 35. vahI dinAMka 9-7-72 36. bhAra, saM. meM jaina dharma kA yo. pRSTha 164 37. guru gopAladAsa baraiyA smRti grantha pRSTha 547-48 38. vahI pRSTha 551 39. vIravANI varSa 18 aMka 13 pRSTha 22 40. jaina sAhitya no saMkSipta itihAsa pRSTha 396 rAjendra-jyoti Jain Education Intemational
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________________ 41. bhAra. saM. meM jaina dharma kA yo. pRSTha 168 42. vahI pRSTha 163 43. vIravANI varSa 18 aMka 13 pRSTha 21-22 44. vahI pRSTha 22 45. saMskRti kendra ujjayinI pRSTha 118 46 , bhAra. saM. meM jaina dharma kA yo. pRSTha 125-26 47. saMskRti kendra ujjayinI 48. anekAMta varSa 18 kiraNa 6 pRSTha 245 49. bhAra. saM. meM jaina dharma kA yo. pRSTha 125 50. vahI pRSTha 125 51. guru gopAladAsa baraiyA smRti grantha 548 52. bhAra. saM. meM jaina dharma kA yo. pRSTha 127 53. guru gopAladAsa baraiyA smRti grantha pRSTha 551 54. bhAra. saM. meM jaina dharma kA yo. pRSTha 185 55. vIravANI varSa 18 aMka 13 pRSTha 185 56. vIravANI varSa 18 aMka 13 pRSTha 22 57. saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa gairolA pRSTha 345 58. vIravANI pRSTha 22 (jaina sAhitya : zvetAmbara, digambara,....pRSTha 102 kA zeSa) jaina sAhitya meM gadya evaM campU sAhitya kA bhaNDAra bhI bahuta bharA parakatA athavA vyaktitva kI sarasatA kA saMcAra huvA jisase ye racapUrA hai| aise granthoM meM prAcInatama vAsudeva hindI hai jo svalambakoM nAeM zuddha kalAtmaka sAhitya kI ora unmukta ho gaI / digambara evaM meM pUrNa huI hai| ise do lekhakoM ne pUrNa kiyA hai| pahale khaNDa meM 29 zvetAmbara sampradAyoM kA prabhAva zuddha dhArmika sAhitya meM bahuta lambaka haiM jo lagabhaga 11 hajAra zloka pramANa kA hai tathA isake kartA spaSTa hai tathA inakI mAnyatAoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara nirdhAnta rUpa saMghadAsa gaNivAcaka haiN| dUsare khaNDa meM 71 lambaka haiM aura 17 hajAra se yaha kaha sakate haiM ki yaha sAhitya digambara sampradAya kA hai tathA zloka pramANa kA hai, isake kartA dharmasena gagi haiM / isa paramparA meM usase itara zvetAmbara sampradAya kA / kalA aura saundarya jaina sAhitya samarAditya kathA, kuvalayamAlA reNa caDarAya, carithama kAlakAcAri meM yaha vibhAjana utanA spaSTa nahIM raha gayA hai kyoMki inakA upayoga kI kathA jinadattAkhyAna reNAsoharikahA, jambUsAmIcaritra, Adi jaina muniyoM taka sImita nahIM raha gayA thA apitu yaha gRhastha jIvana sAhityikA dRSTi se bhI mahattvapUrNa racanAeM haiN| ina svataMtra lambI se jur3a gayA thaa| gRhasthoM meM sampradAyoM kI rUr3hiyoM ke pAlana kI kathAoM ke atirikta kathAkoSa banAne kI pravRtti kA vikAsa bhI jaina pravRttinahIM dikhAI par3atI ve to sAmAnya dharma ko grahaNa kara saMtuSTa hote sAhitya meM ho gayA thA / kathA ratnakoSa-vijayacandra kevalI, haiM yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina sAhityakAroM ne apanI racanAoM meM sAmpravivekamaMjarI, upadezakandalI, kathA mahodadhi, abhimAna dezanA tathA dAyika bheda ko ujAgara na kara use pracachanna hI rahane diyA hai jisakA daza zrAvakacarita mahatvapUrNa racanAeM haiN| prabhAva yaha par3A hai ki ye racanAeM kevala sampradAya kI sImA ko hI uparyukta sarvekSaNa se hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki jaina nahIM tor3a sakI apitu dezakAra kI sImA ko tor3akara sArvabhauma evaM sAhitya meM virakta muniyoM ke AzramoM meM palatA rahA ataH usameM sArvakAlika bhI bana gaI haiM / isa sAhitya se hindI sAhitya ne sAhityika tatvoM kA samAveza atyalpa hI ho sakA / dhIre-dhIre preraNA prApta kI haiM vaha koI bhI sAhitya usase preraNA le sakatA hai triSaSTizalAkA puruSoM kI dhAraNA ke dRr3ha hone ke sAtha caritakAvya jo naitika maryAdAoM kI rakSA karate hue mAnava ke citaraMjana meM jaisI pravRttiyoM kA samAveza isa sAhitya meM huA jisake pariNAma pravRtta ho / vastutaH jaina sAhitya eka aisI nidhi hai jo jovanta svarUpa zuddha rUpa se dhArmika samajhe jAne vAle sAhitya meM bhI vyakti hai jise Adhunika yuga meM preraNA kA srota banAyA jA sakatA hai| 0 - (jaina sAhitya meM lokakathA ke tatva....pRSTha 104 kA zeSa) haiM ki bhAratIya loka kathAoM ke vaijJAnika adhyayana meM jina kathAnaka AMkI gaI hai, vahIM jaina kathAoM kA uddezya nizcita hI dharma pracAra rUr3hiyo kI upalabdhi huI hai, unameM se adhikatama kathAnaka rUDhiyAM hI rahA hai| parantu jaina kathAoM kI nirmiti meM loka kathAoM kI jaina kathA sAhitya meM thI jo apane mUla rUpa se upalabdha hotI hai| AdhAra bhUmi mUla rUpa se kArya karatI rahI hai aura yahI kAraNa hai kaI sthaloM para ghaTanAcakra meM bhI samAnatA hai aura kaI prasaMgoM kA ki unameM loka tatvoM kA samAveza pracura mAtrA meM huA hai| unakA citraNa bhI yathAvat huA hai / ina kathAnaka rUDhiyoM se hI hama mUla DhAMcA aura unake aMga-pratyaMgoM kI saMracanA meM bhI bhAratIya loka kathAoM ke deza, kAla aura paristhitiyoM kA bhI adhyayana kara sakate haiM / kathAoM kI abhUtapUrva dena rahI hai| isI kA pariNAma hai ki jaina sAhitya meM upalabdha kathA gAthAeM jaina aura janetara samAja meM Aja samagra tathyoM aura AdhAroM kI pRSThabhUmi meM hama isa niSkarSa bhI apanA astitva prasthApita kiye hae haiM / para pahuMcate haiM ki lokakathAoM kI mahattA jahA~ lokaraMjana hetu vi.ni. saM. 2503 111 Jain Education Intemational