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________________ bhagavAna mahAvIra kI nirvANa tithi para punarvicAra - pro. sAgaramala jaina sAmAnyatayA jaina lekhakoM ne apanI kAla gaNanA ko zaka saMvat se samIkRta karake yaha mAnA hai ki mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 605 varSa aura pAMca mAha pazcAt zaka rAjA huaa| isI mAnyatA ke AdhAra para vartamAna meM bhI mahAvIra kA nirvANa I.pU. 527 mAnA jAtA hai| Adhunika jaina lekhakoM meM digambara paramparA ke paM. jugalakizorajI mukhtAra evaM zvetAmbara paramparA ke muni zrI kalyANa vijayajI Adi ne bhI vIranirvANa I.pU. 527 varSa meM mAnA hai| lagabhaga 7vIM zatI se kucha apavAdoM ke sAtha isa tithi ko mAnyatA prApta hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM sarvaprathama "titthogAlI"4 nAmaka prakIrNaka meM aura digambara paramparA meM sarvaprathama "tiloyapaNNanti"5 meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha ullekha milatA hai ki mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 605 varSa evaM 5 mAha ke pazcAt zaka nRpa huaa| ye donoM grantha IsA kI 6-7vIM zatI meM nirmita hue hai| isake pUrva kisI bhI grantha meM mahAvIra ke nirvANakAla ko zaka samvat se samIkRta karake unake antara ko spaSTa kiyA gayA ho -- yaha merI jAnakArI meM nahIM hai| kintu itanA nizcita hai ki lagabhaga 6-7iiN zatI se hI mahAvIranirvANa zaka pUrva 605 meM huA thA, yaha eka sAmAnya avadhAraNA rahI hai| isake pUrva kalpasUtra kI sthavirAklI aura nandIsUtra kI vAcaka vaMzAvalI meM mahAvIra kI paTTaparamparA kA ullekha to hai, kintu inameM AcAryoM ke kAlakrama kI koI carcA nahIM hai| ataH inake AdhAra para mahAvIra kI nirvANa tithi ko nizcita karanA eka kaThina samasyA hai| kalpasUtra meM yaha to ullekha milatA hai ki aba vIranirvANa ke 980 varSa vAcanAntara se 993 varSa vyatIta ho cuke haiN| isase itanA hI phalita hotA hai ki vIranirvANa ke 980 yA 993 varSa pazcAt devakSipaNazramaNa ne prastuta grantha kI yaha antima vAcanA prastuta kii| isI prakAra sthAnAMga', bhagavatIsUtra aura Avazyakaniyukti meM nihanavoM ke ullekhoM ke sAtha ve mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla aura nirvANa se kitane samaya pazcAt hue hai -- yaha nirdeza prApta hotA hai| yahIM kucha aise sUtra hai jinakI bAhya sunizcita samaya vAle sAkSyoM se tulanA karake hI hama mahAvIra kI nirvANa tithi para vicAra kara sakate haiN| mahAvIra kI nirvANa tithi ke prazna ko lekara prArambha se mata-vaibhinya rahe hai| digambara paramparA ke dvArA mAnya tiloyapaNNatti meM yadyapi yaha spaSTa ullekha hai ki vIranirvANa ke 605 varSa evaM 5 mAsa pazcAt zaka nRpa huA, kintu usameM isa sambandhI nimna cAra matAntaroM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai|10 vIra jinendra ke mukti prApta hone ke 461 varSa pazcAt zaka nRpa huaa| vIra bhagavAn ke mukti prApta hone ke 9785 varSa pazcAt zaka nRpa huaa| vIra bhagavAn ke mukti prApta hone ke 14793 varSa pazcAt zaka nRpa huaa| 4. vIra jina ke mukti prApta karane ke 605 varSa evaM 5 mAha pazcAt zaka nRpa huaa|
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________________ 255 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI nirvANa tithi para punarvicAra isake atirikta SaTkhaNDAgama kI "dhavalA" TIkA meM bhI mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke kitane varSoM ke pazcAt zaka (zAlivAhana zaka) nRpa huA, isa sambandha meM tIna matoM kA ullekha huA hai11. 1. vIranirvANa ke 605 varSa aura pAMca mAha pazcAt / 2. vIranirvANa ke 14793 varSa pazcAt / 3. vIranirvANa ke 7995 varSa aura pA~ca mAha pshcaat| zvetAmbara paramparA meM AmamoM kI devadi kI antimavAcanA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke kitane samaya pazcAt huI, isa sambandha meM spaSTatayA do matA kA ullekha milatA hai -- prathama mata use vIranirvANa ke 980 varSa pazcAt mAnatA hai, jabaki dUsarA mata use 993 varSa pazcAt mAnatA hai|12 zvetAmbara paramparA meM candragupta maurya ke rAjyArohaNakAla ko lekara bhI do mAnyatAyeM pAyI jAtI hai| prathama paramparAgata mAnyatA ke anusAra ve vIranirvANa samvat 215 meM rAjyAsIna hue13 jabaki dUsarI hemacandra kI mAnyatA ke anusAra ve vIranirvANa ke 155 varSa pazcAt rAjyAsIna hue|14 hemacandra dvArA prastuta yaha dUsarI mAnyatA mahAvIra ke I.pU. 527 meM nirvANa prApta karane kI avadhAraNA meM bAdhaka hai|15 isa vivecana se itanA to spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki mahAvIra kI nirvANa tithi ke sambandha meM prAcInakAla meM bhI vivAda thaa| ba~ki mahAvIra kI nirvANa tithi ke sambandha meM prAcIna Antarika sAkSya sabala nahIM the, ataH pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne bAhya sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para mahAvIra kI nirvANa tithi ko nizcita karane kA prayatna kiyA, pariNAma svarupa mahAvIra kI nirvANa tithi ke sambandha meM aneka naye mata bhI prakAza meM aaye| mahAvIra kI nirvANa tithi ke sambandha meM vibhinna vidvAnoM ke mata isa prakAra 1. haramana jakobI0 I.pU. 477 inhoMne hemacandra ke pariziSTa parva ke usa ullekha ko prAmANika mAnA hai ki candragupta maurya vIranirvANa ke 155 varSa pazcAt rAjyAsIna huA aura isI AdhAra para mahAvIra kI nirvANa tithi nizcita kii| 2. je. zArapenTiyara 17 I.pU. 467 inhoMne bhI hemacandra ko AdhAra banAyA hai aura candragupta maurya ke 155 varSa pUrva mahAvIra kA nirvANa maanaa| 3. paM. e. zAntirAja zAstrI18 I.pU. 663 inhoMne zaka samvat ko vikrama samvat mAnA hai aura vikrama saM. ke 605 varSa pUrva mahAvIra kA nirvANa maanaa|
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 256 4. pro. kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla19 inhoMne apane lekha AiDenTIphikezana Apha kalkI meM mAtra do paramparAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| mahAvIra kI nirvANa tithi kA nirdhAraNa nahIM kiyA hai| 5. esa. vhI. vaikTezvara20 I. pU. 437 inakI mAnyatA ananda vikrama saMvat para AdhArita hai| yaha vikrama saMvata ke 90 varSa bAda pracalita huA thaa| 6. paM. jugalakizorajI mukhtAra21 I.pU. 528 inhoMne aneka tarkoM ke AdhAra para paramparAgata mAnyatA ko puSTa kiyaa| 7. muni zrI kalyANavijaya22 I.pU. 528 inhoMne bhI parabhyarAgata mAnyatA kI puSTi karate hue usakI asaMgati ke nirAkaraNa kA prayAsa kiyA hai| 8. pro. pI. eca. ela igaramoNTa23 I.pU. 252 inake tarka kA AdhAra jaina paramparA meM tiSyApta kI saMghabheda kI ghaTanA kA jo mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM unake kaivalya ke 18veM varSa meM ghaTita huI, bauddha saMgha meM tiSyarakSitA dvArA bodhi vRkSa ko sukhAne tathA saMghabheda kI ghaTanA se jo azoka ke rAjyakAla meM huI thI samIkRta kara lenA hai| 9. vI. e. smitha24 I.pU 527 inhoMne sAmAnyatayA pracalita avadhAraNA ko mAnya kara liyA hai| 10. pro. ke. Ara. nAramana25 lagabhaga I.pU. 400 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI nirvANa tithi kA nirdhAraNa karane hetu jaina sAhityika srotoM ke sAtha-sAtha hameM anuzrutiyoM aura abhilekhIya sAkSyoM para bhI vicAra karanA hogaa| pUrvokta mAnyatAoM meM kauna sI mAnyatA prAmANika hai, isakA nizcaya karane ke liye hama tulanAtmaka paddhati kA anusaraNa kareMge aura yathAsambhava abhilekhIya sAkSyoM ko prAthamikatA deNge| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlika vyaktiyoM meM bhagavAna buddha, bimbasAra, zreNika aura ajAtazatru kUNika ke nAma suparicita haiN| jaina srotoM kI apekSA inake sambandha meM bauddha srota hameM adhika jAnakArI pradAna karate haiN| jaina srotoM ke adhyayana se bhI inakI samakAlikatA para koI sandeha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| jaina Agama sAhitya buddha ke jIvana vRtAnta ke sambandha meM prAyaH mauna hai, kintu bauddha tripiTaka sAhitya meM mahAvIra aura buddha kI samakAlika upasthiti ke aneka
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________________ -- sandarbha haiN| kintu yahA~ hama unameM se kevala do prasaMgoM kI carcA kreNge| prathama prasaMga meM dIghanikAya kA vaha ullekha AtA hai jisameM ajAtazatru apane samaya ke vibhinna dharmAcAryoM se milatA hai| isa prasaMga meM ajAtazatru kA mahAmAtya nirgrantha jJAtRputra ke sambandha meM kahatA hai . "he deva ! nirgandha jJAtRputra saMgha aura gaNa ke svAmI haiM, gaNa ke AcArya haiM, jJAnI, yazasvI tIrthaMkara haiM, bahuta se logoM ke zraddhAspada aura sajjana mAnya haiN| ye cirapravrajita evaM ardhagatavaya (adher3a ) haiM 126 tAtparya yaha hai ki ajAtazatru ke rAjyAsIna hone ke samaya mahAvIra lagabhaga 50 varSa ke rahe hoMge, kyoMki unakA nirvANa ajAtazatru koNika ke rAjya ke 22veM varSa meM mAnA jAtA hai| unakI sarva Ayu 72 varSa meM se 22 varSa kama karane para usa samaya ve 50 varSa ke the yaha siddha ho jAtA hai| 27 jahA~ taka buddha kA prazna hai ve ajAtazatru ke rAjyAsIna hone ke 8veM varSa meM nirvANa ko prApta hue, aisI bauddha lekhakoM kI mAnyatA hai| 28 isa AdhAra para do tathya phalita hote haiM prathama mahAvIra jaba 50 varSa ke the, taba buddha ( 80-8) 72 varSa ke the arthAt buddha, mahAvIra se umra meM 22 varSa bar3e the| dUsare yaha ki mahAvIra kA nirvANa, buddha ke nirvANa ke ( 22-8=14) 14 varSa pazcAt huA thaa| jJAtavya hai ki "dIghanikAya" ke isa prasaMga meM jahA~ nirgantha jJAtRputra Adi chahoM tIrthaMkaroM ko ardhavayagata kahA gayA vahA~ gautama buddha kI kya ke sambandha meM kucha bhI nahIM kahA gayA hai 29 - buddha haiM 257 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI nirvANa tithi para punarvicAra kintu uparokta tathya ke viparIta "dIghanikAya" meM yaha bhI sUcanA milatI hai ki mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM hI nirvANa ko prApta ho gaye the / " dIghanikAya" ke ve ullekha nimnAnusAra -- aisA maiMne sunA eka samaya bhagavAn zAkya (deza) meM vedhanjA nAmaka zAkyoM ke Amravana prAsAda meM vihAra kara rahe the| -- "tuma isa usa samaya nigaNTha nAtaputta (= tIrthaMkara mahAvIra) kI pAvA meM hAla hI meM mRtyu huI thI / unake marane para nigaNThoM meM phUTa ho gaI thI, do pakSa ho gaye the, lar3AI cala rahI thI, kalaha ho rahA thaa| ve loga eka-dUsare ko vacana rUpI vANoM se bedhate hue vivAda karate the dharmavinaya (dharma) ko nahIM jAnate maiM isa dharmavinaya ko jAnatA huuN| tuma bhalA isa dharmavinaya ko kyA jAnoge ? tuma mithyA pratipanna ho (tumhArA samajhanA galata hai), maiM samyak - pratipanna hU~ | merA kahanA sArthaka hai aura tumhArA kahanA nirarthaka / jo (bAta) pahale kahanI cAhiye thI vaha tumane pIche kahI aura jo pIche kahanI cAhiye thI, vaha tumane pahale kI tumhArA vAda binA vicAra kA ulTA hai| tumane vAda ropA, tuma nigraha sthAna meM A gye| isa AkSepa se bacane ke liye yatna karo, yadi zakti hai to ise sulajhAo / mAno nigaNThoM meM yuddha (badha ) ho rahA thA / -- nigaNTha nAtaputta ke jo zveta vastradhArI gRhastha ziSya the, ve bhI nigaNTha ke vaise durAkhyAta (ThIka se na kahe gaye), duSpravedita (ThIka se na sAkSAtkAra kiye gaye), a-nairyANika (pAra na lagAne vAle), an-upazama- saMvartanika (na- zAntigAmI), a-samyak saMbuddha - pravedita ( kisI buddha dvArA na sAkSAt kiyA gayA), pratiSThA ( nIMva )-rahita bhinna- stUpa, Azrayarahita dharma meM
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 258 anyamanaska ho khinna aura virakta ho rahe the|30 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jahA~ eka aura tripiTaka sAhitya meM mahAvIra ko adher3avaya kA kahA gayA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora buddha ke jIvanakAla meM unake svargavAsa kI sUcanA bhI hai| itanA nizcita hai ki donoM bAteM eka sAtha satya siddha nahIM ho sktiiN| muni kalyANavijayajI Adi ne buddha ke jIvanakAla meM mahAvIra ke nirvANa sambandhI avadhAraNA ko bhrAnta batAyA hai, unhoMne mahAvIra ke kAlakavalita hone kI ghaTanA ko unakI vAstavika mRtyu na mAnakara, unakI mRtyu kA pravAda mAnA hai| jaina AgamoM meM bhI yaha spaSTa ullekha hai ki unake nirvANa ke lagabhaga 16 varSa pUrva unakI mRtyu kA pravAda phaila gayA thA, jise sunakara aneka jaina zramaNa bhI azrupAta karane lage the| cU~ki isa pravAda ke sAtha mahAvIra ke pUrva ziSya makhalIgozAla aura mahAvIra evaM unake anya zramaNa ziSyoM ke bIca hue kaTu-vivAda kI ghaTanA jur3I huI thii| ataH dIghanikAya kA prastuta prasaMga ina donoM ghaTanAoM kA eka mizrita rUpa hai| ataH buddha ke jIvanakAla meM mahAvIra kI mRtyu ke dIghanikAya ke ullekha ko unakI vAstavika mRtyu kA ullekha na mAnakara gozAlaka ke dvArA vivAda ke pazcAt pheMkI gaI tejolezyA se utpanna dAha jvAra janya tIvra bImArI ke phalasvarUpa phaile unakI mRtyu ke pravAda kA ullekha mAnanA hogaa| cU~ki buddha kA nirvANa ajAtazatrukuNika ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke AThaveM varSa31 meM huA, ataH mahAvIra kA 22veM varSa meM 32 huA hogaa| ataH itanA nizcita hai ki mahAvIra kA nirvANa buddha ke nirvANa ke 14 varSa bAda huaa| isaliye buddha kI nirvANa kI tithi kA nirdhAraNa mahAvIra kI nirvANa tithi ko prabhAvita avazya kregaa| sarvaprathama hama mahAvIra kI nirvANa tithi kA jainasrotoM evaM abhilekhoM ke AdhAra para nirdhAraNa kareMge aura phira yaha dekheMge ki isa AdhAra para buddha kI nirvANa tithi kyA hogI ? mahAvIra kI nirvANa tithi kA nirdhAraNa karate samaya hameM yaha dekhanA hogA ki AcArya bhadrabAhu aura sthUlabhadra kI mahApadmananda evaM candragupta maurya se, AcArya suhasti kI samprati se, Arya maMkSu ( maMgU), Arya nandila, Arya nAgahasti, AryavRddha evaM Arya kRSNa kI abhilekhoM meM ullekhita unake kAla se tathA Arya devarddhikSamAzramaNa kI vallabhI ke rAja dhruvasena se samakAlInatA kisI prakAra bAdhita nahIM ho| itihAsavid sAmAnyatayA isa sambandha meM eka mata haiM ki candragupta kA rAjyasattAkAla I.pU. 321 se I.pU. 297 taka rahA hai| ataH vahI sattAkAla bhadrabAhu aura sthUlIbhadra kA bhI honA caahiye| yaha eka nirvivAda tathya hai ki candragupta ne nandoM se sattA hastagata kI thI aura antima nanda ke mantrI zakaDAla kA putra sthUlIbhadra thaa| ataH sthUlIbhadra ko candragupta maurya kA kaniSTha samasAmayika aura bhadrabAhu ko candragupta maurya kA variSTha samasAmayika honA caahiye| cAhe yaha kathana pUrNataH vizvasanIya mAnA jAye yA nahIM mAnA jAye ki candragupta maurya ne jaina dIkSA grahaNa kI thI -- phira bhI jaina anuzrutiyoM ke AdhAra para itanA to mAnanA hI hogA ki bhadrabAhu aura sthUlIbhadra candragupta maurya ke samasAmayika the| sthUlIbhadra ke vairAgya kA mukhya kAraNa usake pitA ke prati nandavaMza ke antima zAsaka
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________________ 259 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI nirvANa tithi para punarvicAra mahApadmananda kA durvyavahAra aura unakI ghRNita hatyA mAnI jA sakatI hai|34 punaH sthUlIbhadra bhadrabAhu se nahIM apitu sambhUtivijaya se dIkSita hue the| pATaliputra kI prathama vAcanA ke samaya vAcanA pramukha bhadrabAhu aura sthUlIbhadra na hokara sambhUtivijaya rahe haiM -- kyoMki usa vAcanA meM hI sthUlIbhadra ko bhadrabAhu se pUrva-granthoM kA adhyayana karAne kA nizcaya kiyA gayA thA -- ataH prathama vAcanA nanda zAsana ke hI antima caraNa meM kabhI huI hai| isa prathama vAcanA kA kAla vIranirvANa saMvat.. mAnA jAtA hai| yadi hama eka bAra donoM paramparAgata mAnyatAoM ko satya mAnakara yaha mAne ki AcArya bhadrabAhu vIranirvANa saM. 156 se 170 taka AcArya rahe35 aura candragupta maurya vIranirvANa saM. 215 meM rAjyAsIna huA to donoM kI sama-sAmayikatA siddha nahIM hotI hai| isa mAnyatA kA phalita yaha hai ki candragupta maurya ke rAjyAsIna hone ke 45 varSa pUrva hI bhadrabAhu svargavAsI ho cuke the| isa AdhAra para sthUlIbhadra candragupta maurya ke laghu sama-sAmayika bhI nahIM raha jAte haiN| ataH hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki candragupta maurya vIranirvANa ke 155 varSa pazcAt hI rAjyAsIna huaa| himavanta sthavirAvalI36 evaM AcArya hemacandra ke pariziSTa parva meM bhI yahI tithi mAnI gaI hai| isa AdhAra para bhadrabAhu aura syUlibhadra kI candragupta maurya se sama-sAmayikatA bhI siddha ho jAtI hai| lagabhaga sabhI paTTAvaliyoM bhadrabAhu ke AcAryatvakAla kA samaya vIranirvANa 156-170 mAnatI haiN|38 digambara paramparA meM bhI tIna kevalI aura pA~ca zrutakevali kA kula samaya 162 varSa mAnA gayA hai / bhadrabAhu antima bhutakecali the ataH digambara paramparAnusAra bhI unakA svargavAsa vIranirvANa saM. 162 mAnanA hogaa| isa prakAra dono paramparAoM ke anusAra bhadrabAhu aura candragupta maurya kI sama-sAmayikatA siddha ho jAtI hai| muni zrI kalyANavijayajI ne candragupta maurya aura bhadrabAhu kI sama-sAmayikatA siddha karane hetu sambhUtivijaya kA AcAryatvakAla 8 varSa ke sthAna para 60 varSa mAna liyaa| isa prakAra unhoMne eka ora mahAvIra kA nirvANa samaya I.pU. 527 mAnakara bhI bhadrabAhu aura candragupta maurya kI sama-sAmayikatA sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| kintu isa sandarbha meM ATha kA sATha mAna lenA unakI apanI kalpanA hai, isakA prAmANika AdhAra upalabdha nahIM hai|41 sabhI zvetAmbara paTTAvaliyoM vIranirvANa saM. 170 meM hI bhadrabAhu kA svargavAsa mAnatI haiN| punaH titthogAlI meM bhI yahI nirdiSTa hai ki vIranirvANa saMvat 170 meM caudaha pUrvo ke jJAna kA viccheda (kSya) prArambha huaa| bhadrabAhu hI antima 14 pUrvadhara the-- unake bAda koI bhI 14 pUrvadhara nahIM huaa| ataH bhadrabAhu kA svargavAsa zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra vIranirvANa saM. 170 meM aura digambara paramparA ke anusAra vIranirvANa saM. 162 hI siddha hotA hai aura isa AdhAra para bhadrabAhu evaM sthUlIbhadra kI antima nanda evaM candragupta maurya se sama-sAmayikatA tabhI siddha ho sakatI hai jaba mahAvIra kA nirvANa vikrama pUrva 410 tathA I.pU. 467 mAnA jaaye| anya abhI vikalpoM meM bhadrabAhu evaM sthUlIbhadra kI antima nandarAjA aura candragupta maurya se samakAlikatA ghaTita nahIM ho sakatI hai| "titthogAlI painnayaM" meM bhI sthUlIbhadra aura nandarAjA kI samakAlikatA varNita haiN|42 ataH ina AdhAroM para mahAvIra kA nirvANa I.pU. 467 hI adhika yukti saMgata lagatA hai| punaH Arya suhasti aura samprati rAjA kI samakAlInatA bhI jaina paramparA meM sarvamAnya hai|
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 260 itihAsakAroM ne samprati kA samaya I.pU. 231-221 mAnA hai|43 jaina paTTAvaliyoM ke anusAra Arya suhasti yuga pradhAna AcAryakAla vIranirvANa saM. 245-291 taka rahA hai| yadi hama vIranirvANa I.pU. 527 ko AdhAra banAkara gaNanA kareM to yaha mAnanA hogA ki Arya suhasti I.pU. 282 meM yuga pradhAna AcArya bane aura I.pU. 236 meM svargavAsI ho gye| isa prakAra vIranirvANa I.pU. 527 meM mAnane para Arya suhasti aura samprati rAjA meM kisI bhI rUpa meM samakAlInatA nahIM banatI hai| kintu yadi hama vIranirvANa I.pU. 467 mAnate haiM to Arya suhasti AcArya kAla 467-245 I.pU. 222 se prArambha hotA hai| isase samakAlikatA to bana jAtI hai-- yadyapi AcArya ke AcAryatvakAla meM samprati kA rAjyakAla lagabhaga 1 varSa hI rahatA hai| kintu Arya suhasti kA samparka samprati se usake yauvarAjya kAla meM, jaba vaha avanti kA zAsaka thA, taba huA thA aura sambhava hai ki taba Arya suhasti saMgha ke yuga pradhAna AcArya na hokara bhI prabhAvazAlI muni rahe ho| jJAtavya hai ki Arya suhasti sthUlIbhadra se dIkSita hue the| paTTAvaliyoM ke anusAra sthUlibhadra kI dIkSA vIranirvANa saM. 146 meM huI thI aura svargavAsa vIranirvANa 215 meM huA thaa| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki candragupta maurya ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke 9 varSa pUrva antima nanda rAjA (nava nanda) ke rAjyakAla meM ve dIkSita ho cuke the| yadi paTTAklI ke anusAra Arya suhasti kI sarva Ayu 100 varSa aura dIkSA Ayu 30 varSa mAneM to ve vIranirvANa saM. 221 arthAt I.pU. 246 ( vIranirvANa I.pU. 467 mAnane para) meM dIkSita hue haiN| isase Arya suhasti kI samprati se samakAlikatA to siddha ho jAtI hai kintu unheM sthUlIbhadra kA hasta-dIkSita mAnane meM 6 varSa kA antara AtA hai, kyoMki unake dIkSita hone ke 6 varSa pUrva hI vIranirvANa se 215 meM sthUlIbhadra kA svargavAsa ho cukA thaa| sambhAvanA yaha bhI ho sakatI hai ki suhasti 30 varSa kI Ayu ke sthAna para 23-24 varSa meM hI dIkSita ho gaye hoN| phira bhI yaha sunizcita hai ki paTTAvaliyoM ke ullekhoM ke AdhAra para Arya suhasti aura saMprati kI samakAlInatA vIranirvANa I.pU. 467 para hI sambhava hai| usake pUrva I.pU. 527 meM athavA usake pazcAt kI kisI bhI tithi ko mahAvIra kA nirvANa mAnane para yaha samakAlInatA sambhava nahIM hai| isa prakAra "bhadrabAhu aura sthUlibhadra kI mahApadmananda aura candragupta maurya se tathA Arya suhastI kI samprati se samakAlInatA vIranirvANa I.pU. 467 mAnane para siddha kI jA sakatI hai| anya sabhI vikalpoM meM inakI samakAlikatA siddha nahIM hotI hai| ataH merI dRSTi meM mahAvIra kA nirvANa I.pU. 467 mAnanA adhika yukti saMgata hogaa| aba hama kucha abhilekhoM ke AdhAra para bhI mahAvIra ke nirvANa samaya para vicAra kareMge --- mathurA ke abhilekhoM44 meM ullekhita pA~ca nAmoM meM se nandisUtra sthavirAklI45 ke Arya maMgu, Arya nandila aura Arya hasti (hasta hasti)-- ye tIna nAma tathA kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI46 ke Arya kRSNa aura Arya vRddha ye do nAma milate haiN| paTTAvaliyoM ke anusAra Arya maMgu kA yuga-pradhAna AcAryakAla vIranirvANa saMvat 451 se 470 taka mAnA gayA hai|47 vIranirvANa I.pU. 467 mAnane para inakA kAla I.pU. 16 se I.san 3 taka aura vIranirvANa I.pU. 527 mAnane para inakA kAla I.pU. 76 se I.pU. 57 AtA hai| jabaki abhilekhIya
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________________ 261 AdhAra para inakA kAla zaka saM. 52 (huviSka varSa 52 ) arthAt I. san 130 AtA hai 48 arthAt inake paTTAvalI aura abhilekha ke kAla meM vIranirvANa I.pU. 527 mAnane para lagabhaga 200 varSoM kA antara AtA hai aura vIranirvANa I. pU. 467 mAnane para bhI lagabhaga 127 varSa kA antara to banA hI rahatA hai| aneka paTTAvaliyoM meM Arya maMgu kA ullekha bhI nahIM hai / ataH unake kAla ke sambandha meM paTTAvalIgata avadhAraNA prAmANika nahIM hai| punaH Arya maMgu kA nAma mAtra jisa nandIsUtra sthavirAvalI meM hai aura yaha sthavirAvalI bhI guru-ziSya paramparA kI sUcaka nahIM hai| ataH bIca meM kucha nAma chUTane kI sambhAvanA hai jisakI puSTi svayaM muni kalyANavijayajI ne bhI kI hai| 49 isa prakAra Arya maMgu ke abhilekhIya sAkSya ke AdhAra para mahAvIra ke nirvANa kAla kA nirdhAraNa sambhava nahIM hai| kyoMki isa AdhAra para I. pU. 527 kI paramparAgata mAnyatA I. pU. 467 kI vikramAnya mAnyatA donoM hI satya siddha nahIM hotI hai| abhilekha evaM paTTAvalI kA samIkaraNa karane para isase vIranirvANa I.pU. 360 ke lagabhaga phalita hotA hai / isa anizcatA kA kAraNa Arya maMgu ke kAla ko lekara vividha bhrAntiyoM kI upasthiti hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI nirvANa tithi para punarvicAra jahA~ taka Arya nandila kA prazna hai hameM unake nAma kA ullekha bhI nandisUtra meM milatA hai| nandisUtra meM unakA ullekha Arya maMgu ke pazcAt aura Arya nAgahasti ke pUrva milatA hai| 50 mathurA 'ke abhilekhoM meM nandika (nandila) kA eka abhilekha zaka samvat 32 kA hai| dUsare zaka saM. 93 ke lekha meM nAma spaSTa nahIM hai, mAtra "ndi" milA hai| 51 Arya nandila kA ullekha prabandhakoza evaM kucha prAcIna paTTAvaliyoM meM bhI hai kintu kahIM para bhI unake samaya kA ullekha nahIM hone se isa abhilekhIya sAkSya ke AdhAra para mahAvIra ke nirvANakAla kA nirdhAraNa sambhava nahIM hai| -- aba hama nAgahasti kI ora Ate haiM sAmAnyatayA sabhI paTTAvaliyoM meM Arya vajra kA svargavAsa vIranirvANa saM. 584 meM mAnA gayA hai| Arya vajra ke pazcAt 13 varSa Arya rakSita, 20 varSa puSyamitra aura 3 varSa vajrasena yugapradhAna rahe arthAt vIranirvANa saM. 620 meM vajrasena kA svargavAsa huaa| merutuMga kI vicArazreNI meM isake bAda Arya nirvANa 621 se 690 taka yugapradhAna rahe 152 yadi mathurA abhilekha ke hastahasti hI nAgahasti ho to mAdhahasti ke guru ke rUpa meM unakA ullekha zaka saM. 54 ke abhilekha meM milatA hai arthAt ve I. san 132 ke pUrva hue haiN| yadi hama vIranirvANa I.pU. 467 mAnate haiM to unakA yuga pradhAna kAla I. san 154-223 AtA hai| abhilekha unake ziSya ko I. san 132 meM hone kI sUcanA detA hai yadyapi yaha mAnakara santoSa kiyA jA sakatA hai yuga pradhAna hone ke 22 varSa pUrva unhoMne kisI ko dIkSita kiyA hogA / yadyapi inakI sarvAyu 100 varSa mAnane para taba unakI Ayu mAtra 11 varSa hogI aura aisI sthiti meM unake upadeza se kisI kA dIkSita honA aura usa dIkSita ziSya ke dvArA mUrti pratiSThA honA asambhava sA lagatA hai / kintu yadi hama paramparAgata mAnyatA ke AdhAra para vIranirvANa ko zaka saMvat 605 pUrva yA I. pU. 527 mAnate haiM to paTTAvalIgata ullekhoM aura abhilekhIya sAkSyoM meM saMgati baiTha jAtI hai| isa AdhAra para unakA yuga pradhAna kAla zaka saM. 16 se zaka 15
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 262 saM. 85 ke bIca AtA hai aura aisI sthiti meM zaka saM. 54 meM unake kisI ziSya ke upadeza se mUrti pratiSThA honA sambhava hai| yadyapi 69 varSa taka unakA yuga pradhAnakAla mAnanA sAmAnya buddhi se yukti saMgata nahIM lagatA hai| ataH nAgahasti sambandhI yaha abhilekhIya sAkSya paTTAvalI kI sUcanA ko satya mAnane para mahAvIra kA nirvANa I.pU. 527 mAnane ke pakSa meM jAtA hai| punaH mathurA ke eka abhilekhayukta aMkana meM AyakRSNa kA nAma sahita aMkana pAyA jAtA hai| yaha abhilekha zaka saMvat 95 kA hai| yadi hama AryakRSNa kA samIkaraNa kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM zivabhUti ke bAda ullikhita AryakRSNa se karate haiMto paTTAvaliyoM evaM vizeSAvazyaka bhASya ke AdhAra para inakA sattA samaya vIranirvANa saM. 609 ke Asa-pAsa nizcita hotA hai| kyoMki inhIM AryakRSNa aura zivabhUti ke vastra sambandhI vivAda ke pariNAma svarUpa boTika nihanva kI utpatti huI thI aura isa vivAda kA kAla vIranirvANa saMvat 609 sunizcita hai| vIranirvANa I.pU. 467 mAnane para usa abhilekha kAla kA 609-4673142 I. AtA hai| yaha abhilekhayukta aMkana 95+78=173 I. kA hai| cUMki aMkana meM AryakRSNa ko eka ArAdhya ke rUpa aMkita karavAyA gayA hai| yaha svAbhAvika hai ki unakI hI ziSya paramparA ke kisI Arya ahaM barA I.san 173 meM yaha aMkana unake svargavAsa ke 20-25 varSa bAda hI huA hogaa| isa prakAra yaha abhilekhIya sAkSya vIranirvANa saMvat I.pU. 467 mAnane para hI anya sAhityika ullekhoM se saMgati rakha sakatA hai, anya kisI vikalpa se isakI saMgati baiThAnA sambhava nahIM hai| mathurA abhilekhoM meM eka nAma AryavRddhahasti kA bhI milatA hai| inake do abhilekha milate haiN| eka abhilekha zaka saM. 60 (huviSka varSa 60 ) aura dUsarA zaka saM. 79 kA hai|56 IsvI san kI dRSTi se ye donoM abhilekha I. san 138 aura I.san 157 ke hai| yadi ye vRddhahasti hI kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI ke AryavRddha aura paTTAvaliyoM ke vRddhadeva hoM to paTTAvaliyoM ke anusAra unhoMne vIranirvANa 695 meM koraMTaka meM pratiSThA karavAI thii| yadi hama vIranirvANa I.pU. 467 mAnate haiM to yaha kAla 695-467%218 I. AtA hai| ataH vIranirvANa I.pU. 527 mAnane para isa abhilekhIya sAkSya aura paTTAklIgata mAnyatA kA samIkaraNa ThIka baiTha jAtA hai| paTTAvalI meM vRddha kA krama 25vA hai| pratyeka AcArya kA ausata sattA kAla 25 varSa mAnane para inakA samaya vIranirvANa I.pU. 467 mAnane para bhI abhilekha se vIranirvANa 625 AyegA aura taba 625-4673158 I. saMgati baiTha jaayegii| antima sAkSya jisa para mahAvIra kI nirvANa tithi kA nirdhAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, vaha hai mahArAja dhruvasena ke abhilekha aura unakA kaal| paramparAgata mAnyatA yaha hai ki vallabhI kI vAcanA ke pazcAt sarvaprathama kalpasUtra kI sabhA ke samakSa vAcanA Anandapura (baDanagara) meM mahArAja dhuksena ke putra-maraNa ke duHkha ko kama karane ke liye kI gyii| yaha kAla vIranirvANa saM. 980 yA 993 mAnA jAtA hai| 8 dhuvasena ke aneka abhilekha upalabdha haiN| dhruvasena prathama kA kAla I.saM. 525 se 550 taka mAnA jAtA hai| yadi yaha ghaTanA unake rAjyArohaNa ke dvitIya varSa I.san 526 kI ho to mahAvIra kA nirvANa 993-526469 I.pU. siddha hotA hai|
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________________ 263 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI nirvANa tithi para punarvicAra isa prakAra ina pA~ca abhilekhIya sAkSyoM meM tIna to aise avazya haiM, jinase mahAvIra kA nirvANa I.pU. 467 siddha hotA hai| jabaki do aise haiM jinase vIranirvANa I. pU. 527 bhI siddha ho sakatA hai| eka abhilekha kA inase koI saMgati nahIM hai| ve asaMgatiyA~ isaliye bhI hai ki paTTAvaliyoM meM AcAryoM kA jo kAla diyA gayA hai usakI prAmANikatA sandigdha hai aura Aja hamAre pAsa aisA koI AdhAra nahIM hai jisake AdhAra para isa asaMgati ko samApta kiyA jA ske| phira bhI isa vivecanA meM hama yaha pAte haiM ki adhikAMza sAhityika evaM abhilekhIya sAkSya mahAvIra ke nirvANa kAla ko I. pU. 467 mAnane kI hI puSTi karate haiN| aisI sthiti meM buddha nirvANa I. pU. 482, jise adhikAMza pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne mAnya kiyA hai, mAnanA hogA aura tabhI yaha siddha hogA ki buddha ke nirvANa ke lagabhaga 15 varSa pazcAt mahAvIra kA nirvANa huA /
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________________ 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. sandarbha ( ba ) ( a ) NivvANe vIra jiNe chavvAsasadesu paMcavarisesu / paNamAsesu gadesu saMjAdo sagaNio ahavA / / - tiloyapaNNatti, 4/1499 paMca ya mAsA paMca ya upNaNo sago rAyA // | paM. jugalakizorajI mukhtAra, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza, zrI vIrazAsana saMgha, kalakattA, 1956, pR. 26-44, 45-46 vAsA iccheva hoMti vAsasayA / pariNivvu assa'rihato so * titthogAlI painnaya 623 muni kalyANavijaya, vIranirvANa saMvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA, prakAzaka ka. vi. zAstra samiti, jAlaura (mAravAr3a), pR. 159 9. titthogAlI painnayaM ( gAthA 623), paiNNayasuttAI, saM. muni puSyavijaya, prakAzaka zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI 400036 tiloyapaNNatti, 4 / 1499 saM pro. hIrAlAla jaina, jaina saMskRtirakSaka saMgha zolApura, kalpasUtra, 147, pR. 145, anuvAdaka mANikamuni, prakAzaka sobhAgamala harakAvata, ajamera 7. ThANaM (sthAnAMga ), agusuttANi bhAga 1, AcArya tulasI, jainavizvabhAratI, lADanU 7/141 8. bhagavaI 9/222-229 ( aMgasultANi bhAga 2 AcArya tulasI, jainavizvabhAratI lADanU ) bahuraya paesa avvattasamucchAdugatiga abaddhiyA ceva / sattee NiNhagA khalu titthami u vaddhamANassa / / bahuraya jamAlipabhavA jIvapaesA ya tIsaguttAo / avvallA''sADhAo sAmuccheyA''samittAo / / gaMgAo dokiriyA chalugA terAsiyANa uppattI / therAya goTThamAhila puTThamabaddhaM paruviMti / / sAvatthI usanapura seyaviyA mihila ullugAtIraM / purimaMtaraMja dasapura rahavIrapuraM ca nagarAi / / coddasa solasa vAsA caudasavIsuttarA ya doNi sayA / aTThAvIsA ya duve paMceva sayA u coyAlA / / paMca sayA culasIyA chacceva sayA NavottarA hoMti / pattIya duve uppaNNA Nivvue sesA / / -- saM. vijayajinasena Avazyaka niyukti 778- 783 [ niyuktisaMgraha sUrIzvara harSapuSyAmRta, jainagranthamAlA, lAkhA bAkhala, saurASTa, 19891 13
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________________ 265 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI nirvANa tithi para punarvicAra 11 10. vIrajiNe siddhigade cusdgistttthivaasprimaanne| kAlammi adikkate uppaNNe ettha skraao|| 461 ahavA vIre siddhe sahassaNavakammi sgsybhhie| paNasIdimmi yatIde paNamAse sakaNio jaado|| 9785 bhAsa 51 codsshsssgsytennudiivaaskaalvicchede| vIresarasiddhIdo uppaNNe sagaNio ahvaa|| 14793 NivvANe vIrajiNe chavvAsasadesu pNcvrisesu| paNamAsesu gadekheM saMjAdo sagaNio ahvaa|| 605 mA 51 - -- tiloyapaNNati, 4/1496-1499 bhavaNidesu paMcamAsAThiyapaMcuttarachassadavAsANi hvNti| eso vIrajiNidaNivvANagadadivasAdo jAva sagakAlassa AdI hodi taavdiykaalo| kudo ? 605/5 edamhi kAle sagaNaridakAlammi pakkhitte vddttmaannjinnnnivvudkaalaagmnnaado| vuttaM ca -- paMca ya mAsA paMca ya trAsA chacceva hoti vaassyaa| sagakAleNa ya sahiyA thAveyavvo tado raasii|| aNNe ke vi AiriyA codasasahassa-sattasada-tiNaudivAsesu jiNaNivvANadiNAdo aikkatesu sagaNariMduppatti bhaNati14793 / vuttaM ca-- gutti-payatya-bhayAiM codasarayaNAi smikNtaaii| pariNivvude jiNide to rajja sgnnriNdss|| aNNe ke vi AiriyA evaM bhnnti| taM jahA -- sattasahassa-Navasaya-paMcANaudivarisesu paMcamAsAhiesu baDhamANajiNaNivvudadiNAdo aikkatesu sagaNariMdarajjuppattI jAdo ti| etya gAhA -- sattasahassA Navasada paMcANaudI sapaMcamAsA y| aikaMtA vAsANaM jaiyA taiyA sguppttii|| edesu tisu ekkeNa hodavvaM / Na tiNNamuvadesANa saccattaM, annnnonnnnvirohaado| tado jANiya vttvyN| -- dhavalA TIkA samanvita SaTkhaNDAgama, khaNDa bhAga 4, 1, pustaka 9, pR. 132-133 12. samaNassa bhagavao mahAvIrassa jAva savvadukkhapahINassa nava vAsa sayAiM viikatAI dasamassa vAsasayassa ayaM asIime saMvacchare kAle gacchai, vAyaNatare puNa ayaM vAyaNaM tere puNa ayaM te Naue saMvacchare kAle gacchai iha diisi| -- kalpasUtra ( maNikamuni, ajamera), 147, pR. 145 13. pAlagaraNNo saTThI paNapaNNasayaM viyANaM NaMdANaM / maruyANaM aTThasayaM tIsA puNa pusamittANaM / / -- titthogAlI painnayaM ( paiNNayasuttAI), 621
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 266 60 pAlaka + 155 nandavaMza = 215 bItane para mauryavaza kA zAsana prArambha huaa| 14. evaM ca zrI mahAvIra mulevarSazate, paMca paMcAzadadhike candragupto'bhavannRpaH / / -- pariziSTaparva, hemacandra, sarga, 8/339 (jainadharma prasAraka saMsthA bhAvanagara) 15. jJAtavya hai candragupta maurya ko vIranirvANa saM. 215 meM rAjyAsIna mAnakara hI vIranirvANa I.pU. 527 meM mAnA jA sakatA hai, kintu use vIranirvANa 155 meM rAjyAsIna mAnane para vIranirvANa I.pU. 467 mAnanA hogaa| 16. Jacobi, V. Harman -- Buddhas und Mahaviras Nirvana und die Politische Entwicklung Magadhas Zu Jerier Zeit, 557. 17. Charpentier Jarl -- Uttaradhyayanasutra, Introduction p. 13-16. 18. anekAnta, varSa 4 kiraNa 10, zAstrI e. zAntirAja -- bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa samvat kI samAlocanA 19. Indian Antiguary, Vol. XLVI, 1917, July 1917, Page 151-152, Swati Publications, Delhi, 1985. 20. The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1917, Vankteshvara, S.V. -- The Date of Vardhamana, p. 122-130. 21. mukhtAra jugalakizora -- "jainasAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza", zrI vIrazAsana saMgha, kalakattA, I.san 1956, pR. 26-56 22. muni kalyANavijaya -- vIranirvANa saMvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA prakAzaka ka,vi. zAstra samiti jAlaura, vi.sa. 1987 Eggermont, P.H.L. -- "The Year of Mahavira's Decease". 24. Smith, V.A. -- The Jaina Stupa and other Antiquities of Mathura, Indological Book House, Delhi, 1969, p.14. 25. Norman, K.R. -- Observations on the Dates of the Jina and the Buddh. avataro pikho rAjAmacyo rAjAnaM mAgadhaM ajAtasattuM vedehiputtaM etadavoca --- "ayaM, deva, nigaNTho nATaputto sadhI ceva gaNI ca gaNAcariyo ce, jAto, yasassI, titthakaro, sAdhusammato bahujanassa, rattaJca, cirapabbajito, adbhagato, vyoanupptto| ___ -- dIghanikAya, sAmaphalasuttaM, 2/1/7 27. dekheM -- muni kalyANavijaya, vIranirvANa saMvat aura jainakAla gaNanA, pR. 4-5. 28. dekheM -- muni kalyANavijaya, vIranirvANa aura jainakAla gaNanA, pR. 1 29. dekheM -- dIghanikAya, sAmaphalasuttaM, 2/2/8 30. evaM me sutaM / ekaM samayaM bhagavA sakkesu viharati vedhAjJA nAma sakyA tesaM ambavane paasaade| tena kho pana samayena nigaNTho nATaputto pAvAyaM adhunAkAlaGkato hoti| tassa kAlakiriyAya bhinnA nigaNThA dedhikajAtA bhaNDanajAtA kalahajAtA vivAdApannA 23. 26.
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________________ ama mukhasattIhi vitudantA viharanti "na tvaM imaM dhammavinayaM AjAnAsi ahaM imaM dhammavinayaM AjAnAmi / kiM tvaM imaM dhammavinayaM AjAnissasi ? micchApaTipanno tvamasi, ahamasmi sammApaTipanno / sahitaM me, asahitaM te / purevacanIyaM pacchA avaca, pacchA-vacanIyaM pure avaca | adhiciNNaM te viparAvattaM / Aropito te vAdo / niggahito tvamasi / ghara vAdappamokkhAya / nibbeThehi vA sace pahosI" ti / vadho yeva kho maJJe nigaNThesu nAputtiyesu vattati / ye pi nigaNThassa nATaputtassa sAvakA gihI odAtavasanA te pi nigaNThesu nATaputtiyesu nibbinnarUpA virattarUpA paTivAnarUpA yathA taM durakhA dhammavinaye duSpavedite aniyyAnike anupasamasaMvattanike asammAsambuddhappavedite bhinnathUpe appaTisaraNe / -- ( ba ) -- - dIghanikAya, pAsAdikasuttaM, 6/1/1 31. dekheM. 32. dekheM muni kalyANavijaya, vIranirvANa saMvat aura jainakAla gaNanA 33 (31). 267 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI nirvANa tithi para punarvicAra Majumdar, R.C. Ancient India, Published by Motilal Banarasidas, Banaras, 1952, p. 108 DaoN. ramAzaMkara tripAThI prAcIna bhArata kA itihAsa, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, 1968, pR. 139 34. titthogAlI par3annayaM, 78 [ paiNNayA suttAI, mahAvIra vidyAlaya, bambaI 1 35. jJAtavya hai ki lagabhaga sabhI zvetAmbara paTTAvaliyA~ isIkAla kA ullekha karatI haiN| dekheM-- vividha gacchIya paTTAvalI saMgraha (prathama bhAga ) muni jinavijaya siMghI jaina zAstra zikSApITha, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, 1961 36. jJAtavya hai ki himavata sthavirAvalI kI mUlaprati usake gujarAtI anuvAda ke pazcAt upalabdha nahIM ho pA rahI hai| paM. hIrAlAla haMsarAja jAmanagara kA usakA gujarAtI anuvAda hI isakA eka mAtra AdhAra hai| isameM mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt sATha varSa kuNika aura udAyI kA rAjyakAla dikhAkara usake pazcAt nandoM ke 94 varSa dikhAkara vIranirvANa 155 meM candragupta maurya kA rAjyArohaNa dikhA gayA hai| dekheM vIranirvANa samvat aura jaina kAla gaNanA muni kalyANavijaya, pR. 178 37. pariziSTa, hemacandra, 8/339 38. dekheM - (a) muni kalyANavijaya (a) paTTAvalI parAga saMgraha muni kalyANavijayajI (ba) vividhagacchIya paTTAvalI saMgraha prathama bhAga sampAdaka -- jinavijaya, siMghI jaina zAstra zikSA pIr3a, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI 39. dhavalA TIkA samanvita SaTkhaNDAgama, khaNDa, pustaka 40. ---- ---- -- -- paTTAvalIparAgasaMgraha, ka. vi. zAstrasaMgraha samiti jAlaura, 1966, pR. 52 munijI dvArA kiye gaye anya parivartanoM ke liye dekheM-pR. 49-50 -- ( ba ) muni kalyANavijaya, vIranirvANa, saMvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA, pR. 137
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________________ pro. sAgaramala jaina 268 jJAtavya hai ki munijI ne mauryakAla ko 108 ke sthAna para 160 banAne kA jo prayatna kiyA hai, vaha itihAsa sammata nahIM hai| 41. jJAtavya hai ki munijI dvArA eka ora sambhUti vijaya ke svarSa ke kAla ko sATha varSa sATha varSa karanA aura dUsarI ora mauryoM ke itihAsa sammata 108 varSa ke kAla ko eka sau sATha varSa karanA kevala apanI mAnyatA kI puSTi kA prayAsa hai| 42. titthogAlI painnayaM -- paiNNA suttaaiN| -- saM. puNyavijayajI mahAvIra vidyAla, bambaI, 793,794 43. DaoN. rAmazaMkara tripAThI, prAcIna bhArata kA itihAsa, motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dehalI, 1968, pR. 1391 jJAtavya hai "inhoMne sampratikAla 216-207 I.pU. mAnA hai| 44 (a) dekheM -- jainazilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, prakAzaka maNikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA, 1952, lekha kramAMka 41, 54,55,56,59,63 / (ba) AryakRSNa (kaNha ) ke liye dekheM -- V.A. Smith -- The Jain Stupa and other Antiquities of Mathura, p.24 45. nandIsUtra sthavirAvalI, 27, 28,29 46. kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI (antima gAthA bhAga) gAthA 1 evaM 4 47. muni kalyANavijaya, vIranirvANa saMvat aura jaina kAla gaNanA, jAlaura, yU. 122, AdhAra - yugaMpradhAna pttttaavliyaa| 48. dekheM-- jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA samiti, sitambara 1952, lekha kramAMka 54 49. muni kalyANavijaya, vIranirvANa saMvat aura jaina kAla gaNanA, jAlaura, pR. 121 evaM 131 50. dekheM --- nandIsUtra sthavirAvalI, 27, 28 evaM 29 51. dekheM -- jaina zilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2, lekhakramAMka 41, 67 52. muni kalyANavijaya, vIranirvANa saMvat aura jaina kAla gaNanA, jAlaura, pR. 106, TippaNI 53. V. A. Smith, The Jain Stupa and other Antiquities of Mathura, p.24 54. kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI (antima gAthA bhAga), gAthA 1 . 55. vizeSAvazyakabhASya 56. jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 2, lekha kramAMka 56, 59 57. muni jinavijaya, vividhagacchIya paTTAvalI saMgraha, prathama bhAga, siMghI jainazAstra zikSApITha, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, pR. 17 58. kalpasUtra (saM. mANikamuni, ajamera) 147 59. gujarAta no rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa grantha 3, bI.je. insTITyUTa, ahamadAbAda-9, pR. 40