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________________ mahAvIrakI dharma dezanA mahAvIrakA janma Ajase 2551 varSa pahale lokavandya mahAvIrane vizvake lie spRhaNIya bhAratavarSa ke atyanta ramaNIka puNya- pradeza videhadeza (bihAra prAnta) ke 'kuNDapura' nagara meM janma liyA thA / ' kuNDapura' videhakI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI ( vartamAna vasAr3ha) ke nikaTa basA huA thA aura usa samaya eka sundara evaM svatantra gaNasattAtmaka rAjyake rUpameM avasthita thA / isake zAsaka siddhArtha nareza the, jo licchavI jJAtRvaMzI the aura bar3e nyAya-nItikuzala evaM prajAvatsala the| inakI zAsana vyavasthA ahiMsA aura gaNataMtra (prajAtaMtra ) ke siddhAntoM ke AdhArapara calatI thI / ye usa samayake nau licchavi ( vajji) gaNoM meM eka the aura unameM inakA acchA sammAna tathA Adara thA / siddhArtha bhI unheM isI taraha sammAna dete the / isIse licchavI gaNoMke bAremeM unake pArasparika, prema aura saMgaThanako batalAte hue bauddhoMke dIghanikAya aTThakathA Adi prAcIna granthoMmeM kahA gayA hai ki 'yadi koI licchavi bImAra hotA to saba licchavi use dekhane Ate, ekake ghara utsava hotA to usameM saba sammi lita hote, tathA yadi unake nagara meM koI sAdhu-santa AtA to usakA svAgata karate the|' isase mAlUma hotA hai ki ahiMsA parama pujArI nRpa siddhArtha ke sUkSma ahiMsaka AcaraNakA kitanA adhika prabhAva thA ? jo sAthI nareza jaina dharmake upAsaka nahIM the ve bhI siddhArthakI ahiMsA nItikA samarthana karate the aura paraspara bhrAtRtvapUrNa samAnatAkA Adarza upasthita karate the / siddhArtha inhIM samabhAva, prema, saMgaThana, prabhAvAdi guNoMse AkRSTa hokara vaizAlIke ( jo videha dezakI tatkAlIna sundara rAjadhAnI tathA licchavi narezoM ke prajAtaMtra kI pravRttiyoMko kendra evaM gauravapUrNa nagarI thI ) prabhAvazAlI nareza ceTakane apanI guNavatI rAjakumArI trizalAkA vivAha unake sAtha kara diyA thA / trizalA ceTakakI sabase pyArI putrI thI, isalie ceTaka unhe 'priyakAriNI' bhI kahA karate the / trizalA apane prabhAvazAlI suyogya pitAkI suyogya putrI honeke kAraNa paitRkaguNoMse sampanna tathA udAratA, dayA, vinaya, zIlAdi guNoMse bhI yukta thI / isI bhAgyazAlI dampati - trizalA aura siddhArtha ko lokavandya mahAvIrako janma denekA acintya saubhAgya prApta huaa| jisa dina mahAvIrakA janma huA vaha caita sudI terasakA pAvana divasa thA / mahAvIrake janma lete hI siddhArtha aura unake parivArane putrajanmake upalakSya meM khUba khuziyA~ manAI / garIboM ko bharapUra dhana-dhAnya Adi diyA aura sabakI manokAmanAe~ pUrI kIM / tathA taraha-taraha ke gAyana - vAditrAdi karavAye / siddhArthake kuTumbI janoM, samazIla mitranarezoM, riztedAroM aura prajAjanoMne bhI unheM badhAiyA~ bhejIM, khuziyA~ manAI aura yAcakoMko dAnAdi diyA / mahAvIra bAlyAvasthA meM hI viziSTa jJAnavAn aura advitIya buddhimAn the / bar3I se bar3I zaMkAkA samAdhAna kara dete the / sAdhu-santa bhI apanI zaMkAe~ pUchane Ate the / isIlie logoMne unheM sanmati kahanA zurU kara diyA aura isa taraha vardhamAnakA lokameM eka 'sanmati' nAma bhI prasiddha ho gayA / vaha bar3e vIra bhI the / - 150 -
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________________ bhayaMkara ApadAoM se bhI nahIM ghabar3Ate the, kintu unakA sAhasapUrvaka sAmanA karate the / ataH unake sAthI unheM vIra aura ativIra bhI kahate the / mahAvIrakA vairAgya mahAvIra isa taraha bAlyAvasthAko atikrAnta kara dhIre-dhIre kumArAvasthAko prApta hue aura kumArAvasthAko bhI chor3akara ve pUre 30 varSa ke yuvA ho gaye / aba unake mAtA-pitAne unake sAmane vivAhakA prastAva rkhaa| kiMtu mahAvIra to mahAvIra hI the / usa samaya janasAdhAraNakI jo durdazA thI use dekhakara unheM asahya pIr3A ho rahI thii| usa samayakI ajJAnamaya sthitiko dekhakara unakI AtmA sihara uThI thI aura hRdaya dayAse bhara AyA thaa| ataeva unake hRdaya meM pUrNarUpase vairAgya samA cukA thA / unhoMne socA - ' isa samaya dezakI sthiti dhArmika dRSTise bar3I kharAba hai, dharmake nAmapara adharma ho rahA hai / yajJoMmeM pazuoMkI bali dI jA rahI hai aura use dharma kahA jA rahA hai / kahIM azvamedha ho rahA hai to kahIM ajamedha ho rahA hai / pazuoM kI to bAta hI kyA, naroM (manuSyoM) kA bhI yajJa karaneke lie, vedoMke sUkta batAkara janatAko protsAhita kiyA jAtA hai aura kitane hI loga naramedha yajJa bhI kara rahe haiM / isa taraha jahA~ dekho vahA~ hiMsAkA bola-bAlA aura bhISaNakANDa macA huA hai| sArI pRthvI khUna se lathapatha ho rahI hai / isake atirikta strI, zUdra aura patitajanoMke sAtha usa samaya jo durvyavahAra ho rahA hai vaha bhI caramasImA para pahu~ca cukA hai / strI aura zUdra vedAdi zAstra nahIM par3ha sakate / 'strIzUdrau nAdhIyatAm' jaise niSedhaparaka vedAdivAkyoMkI duhAI dI jAtI hai aura isa taraha unheM jJAnase vaMcita rakhA jA rahA hai / zUdrake sAtha saMbhASaNa, usakA annabhakSaNa aura usake sAtha sabhI prakArakA vyavahAra banda kara rakhA hai aura yadi koI karatA hai to use kar3e se kar3A daNDa bhoganA par3atA hai / patitoMkI to hAlata hI mata pUchiye / yadi kisI se ajJAnatAvaza yA bhUlase koI aparAdha bana gayA to use jAti, dharma aura tamAma uttama bAtoMse cyuta karake kRta kara diyA jAtA hai - unake uddhArakA koI rAstA hI nahIM hai / yaha bhI nahIM socA jAtA ki manuSya manuSya hai, devatA nahIM / usase galatiyA~ ho sakatI haiM aura unakA sudhAra bhI ho sakatA hai / mahAvIra isa ajJAnamaya sthitiko dekhakara khinna ho uThe, unakI AtmA sihara uThI aura hRdaya dayAse bhara AyA / ve socane lage ki 'yadi yaha sthiti kucha samaya aura rahI to ahiMsaka aura AdhyAtmika RSiyoMkI yaha pavitra bhAratabhUmi narakakuNDa bana jAyagI aura mAnava dAnava ho jAyagA / jisa bhAratabhUmike mastakako RSabhadeva, rAma aura ariSTanemi - jaise ahiMsaka mahApuruSoMne U~cA kiyA aura apane kAryoMse use pAvana, banAyA usake mAthepara hiMsAkA vaha bhISaNa kalaMka lagegA jo dhula na sakegA / isa hiMsA aura jar3atAko zIghra hI dUra karanA caahie| yadyapi rAjakIya daNDa vidhAna - Adeza se yaha bahuta kucha dUra ho sakatI hai, para usakA asara logoMke zarIrapara hI par3egA - hRdaya evaM AtmA para nahIM / AtmA para asara DAlane ke lie to andarakI AvAja - upadeza hI honA cAhie aura vaha upadeza pUrNa saphala evaM kalyANaprada tabhI ho sakatA hai jaba maiM svayaM pUrNa ahiMsAkI pratiSThA kara lU~ / isalie aba merA gharameM rahanA kisI bhI prakAra ucita nahIM hai / ghara meM rahakara sukhopabhoga karanA aura ahiMsAkI pUrNa sAdhanA karanA donoM bAteM sambhava nahIM haiM / ' yaha socakara unhoMne ghara chor3anekA nizcaya kara liyA / unake isa nizcayako jAnakara mAtA trizalA, pitA siddhArtha aura sabhI priyajana avAk raha gaye, parantu unakI dRr3hatAko dekhakara unheM saMsArake kalyANake mArga se rokanA ucita nahIM samajhA aura sabane unheM usake lie anumati de dI / saMsAra - bhIru sabhyajanoM ne bhI unake isa lokottara kAryakI prazaMsA kI aura guNAnuvAda kiyA / = 151 -
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________________ mahAvIrakI nirgrantha-dIkSA rAjakumAra mahAvIra saba taraha ke sukhoM aura rAjyakA tyAgakara nirgrantha-acela ho vana-vanameM, pahAr3oMkI guphAoM aura vRkSoMkI koTaroMmeM samAdhi lagAkara ahiMsAkI sAdhanA karane lge| kAma-krodha, rAga-dveSa, moha-mAyA, chala-IrSyA Adi AtmAke antaraMga zatruoMpara vijaya pAne lge| ve jo kAyaklezAdi bAhya tapa tapate the vaha antaraMgakI jJAnAdi zaktiyoMko vikasita va puSTa karaneke lie karate the / unapara jo vighnabAdhAe~ aura upasarga Ate the unheM ve vIratAke sAtha sahate the| isa prakAra lagAtAra bAraha varSa taka maunapUrvaka tapazcaraNa karaneke pazcAt unhoMne karmakalaMkako nAzakara arhata arthAt 'jIvanmukta' avasthA prApta kii| AtmAke vikAsakI sabase U~cI avasthA saMsAra dazAmeM yahI 'arhata avasthA' hai jo lokapUjya aura lokake lie spRhaNIya hai| bauddhagranthoM meM isIko 'arhat samyak sambuddha' kahA hai / unakA upadeza isa prakAra mahAvIrane apane uddezyAnusAra AtmAmeM ahiMsAkI pUrNa pratiSThA kara lI, samasta jIvoM para unakA samabhAva ho gayA--unakI dRSTi meM na koI zatru rahA aura na koI mitra / sarpa-nevalA, siMha-gAya jaise jAti-virodhI jIva bhI unake sAnnidhyameM Akara apane vaira-virodhako bhUla gye| vAtAvaraNameM apUrva zAnti A gaI / mahAvIrake isa svAbhAvika Atmika prabhAvase AkRSTa hokara loga svayameva unake pAsa Ane lage / mahAvIrane ucita avasara aura samaya dekhakara logoMko ahiMsAkA upadeza denA prArambha kara diyaa| 'ahiMsA paramo dharmaH' kaha kara ahiMsAko paramadharma aura hiMsAko adharma btlaayaa| yajJoMmeM honevAlI pazuvaliko adharma kahA aura usakA anubhava tathA yuktiyoM dvArA tIvra virodha kiyaa| jagaha-jagaha jAkara vizAla sabhAe~ karake usakI burAiyA~ batalAIM aura ahiMsAke aparimita lAbha batalAye / isa taraha lagAtAra tIsa varSa taka unhoMne ahiMsAkA prabhAvazAlI pracAra kiyA, jisakA yajJoMkI hiMsApara itanA prabhAva par3A ki pazu-yajJake sthAnapara zAntiyajJa, brahmayajJa Adi ahiMsaka yajJoMkA pratipAdana hone lagA aura yajJa meM piSTa pazu (ATeke paza) kA vidhAna kiyA jAne lgaa| isa bAta ko lokamAnya tilaka jaise ucca koTi ke vicAraka vidvAnoMne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| pazujAtikI rakSA aura dharmAndhatAke nirAkaraNakA kArya karaneke sAtha hI mahAvIrane hInoM, patitajanoM tathA striyoMke uddhArakA bhI kArya kiyA / 'pratyeka yogya prANI dharma dhAraNa kara sakatA hai aura apane AtmAkA kalyANa kara sakatA hai' isa udAra ghoSaNAke sAtha unheM U~ce uTha sakanekA AzvAsana, bala aura sAhasa diyaa| mahAvIra ke saMghameM pApose pApI bhI sammilita ho sakate the aura unheM dharma dhAraNakI anujJA thii| unakA spaSTa upadeza thA ki 'pApase ghRNA karo, pApIse nahIM' aura isIlie unake saMghakA usa samaya jo vizAla rUpa thA vaha tatkAlIna anya saMghoMmeM kama milatA thA / jyeSThA aura aMjanacora jaise pApiyoMkA uddhAra mahAvIrake udAradharmane kiyA thaa| inhIM saba bAtoMse mahAn AcArya svAmI samantabhadrane mahAvIrake zAsana (tIrtha-dharma) ko 'sarvodaya tIrtha sabakA udaya karanevAlA kahA hai| unake dharmakI yaha sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai| mahAvIrane apane upadezoMmeM jina tattvajJAnapUrNa siddhAntoMkA pratipAdana evaM prakAzana kiyA una para kucha prakAza DAlanA Avazyaka hai : 1. sarvajJa (paramAtma) vAda-jahA~ anya dharmoM meM jIvako sadaiva IzvarakA dAsa rahanA batalAyA gayA hai vahA~ jaina dharmakA mantavya hai ki pratyeka yogya AtmA apane adhyavasAya evaM prayatnoM dvArA svatantra, pUrNa evaM
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________________ Izvara-sarvajJa paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| jaise eka chaha varSakA vidyArthI 'a A i' sIkhatA haA eka-eka darjeko pAsa karake ema0 e0 aura DaoNkTara bana jAtA hai aura chaha varSa ke alpa jJAnako sahasroM ganA vikasita kara letA hai, usI prakAra sAdhAraNa AtmA bhI doSoM aura AvaraNoMko dUra karatA huA mahAtmA tathA paramAtmA bana jAtA hai| kucha doSoM aura AvaraNoMko dUra karanese mahAtmA aura sarva doSoM tathA AvaraNoMko dUra karanese paramAtmA kahalAtA hai| ataeva jainadharmameM guNoMkI apekSA pUrNa vikasita AtmA hI paramAtmA hai, sarvajJa evaM Izvara hai-usase judA eka rUpa koI Izvara nahIM hai| yathArthataH guNoMkI apekSA jainadharma meM Izvara aura jIvameM koI bheda nahIM hai / yadi bheda hai to vaha yahI ki jIva karma-bandhana yukta hai aura Izvara karmabandhana mukta hai| para karma-bandhanake dUra ho jAnepara vaha bhI Izvara ho jAtA hai / isa taraha jainadharmameM ananta Izvara hai| hama va Apa bhI karma-bandhanase mukta ho jAnepara Izvara (sarvajJa) bana sakate haiM / pUjA, upAsanAdi jainadharmameM mukta na hone taka hI batalAI hai| usake bAda vaha aura Izvara saba svatantra va samAna haiM aura ananta guNoMke bhaNDAra hai| yahI sarvajJavAda athavA paramAtmavAda hai jo sabase nirAlA hai| tripiTikoM (majjhimanikAya anu. pR. 57 Adi) meM mahAvIra (niggaMThanAtaputta) ko buddha aura unake Ananda Adi ziSyoMne 'sarvajJa sarvadarzI nirantara samasta jJAna darzanavAlA' kahakara aneka jagaha ullekhita kiyA hai| 2 ratnatraya dharma-jIva paramAtmA kaise bana sakatA hai, isa bAtako bhI jainadharma meM batalAyA gayA hai| jo jIva samyakdarzana, samyakajJAna aura samyakcaritrarUpa ratnatraya dharmako dhAraNa karatA hai vaha saMsArake dukhoMse mukta paramAtmA ho jAtA hai / (ka) samyakadarzana-mUDhatA aura abhimAna rahita hokara yathArtha (nirdoSa) deva (paramAtmA), yathArtha vacana aura yathArtha mahAtmAko mAnanA aura unapara hI apanA vizvAsa karanA / (kha)samyakjJAna-na kama, na jyAdA, yathArtha, sandeha aura viparyaya rahita tattvakA jJAna karanA / (ga) samyakcaritra-hiMsA na karanA, jhUTha na bolanA, para-vastuko binA diye grahaNa na karanA, brahmacaryapUrvaka rahanA aparigrahI honA / gRhastha inakA pAlana ekadeza aura nirgrantha sAdhu pUrNataH karate haiN| 3 sapta tattva-jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ye sAta tattva (vastubhUta padArtha) haiM / jo cetanA (jAnane-dekhaneke) guNase yukta hai vaha jIvatattva hai| jo cetanAyukta nahIM hai vaha ajIvatattva hai| isake pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ye pA~ca bheda haiN| jina kAraNoMse jIva aura pudgalakA saMbaMdha hotA hai ve mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga Asravatattva haiN| dUdha-pAnIkI taraha jIva aura pudgalakA jo gAr3ha sambandha hai vaha bandhatattva hai| anAgata bandhakA na honA saMvaratattva hai aura saMcita pUrva bandhakA chUTa jAnA nirjarA hai aura sampUrNa karmabandhanase rahita ho jAnA mokSa hai| mumukSu aura saMsArI donoMke lie ina tattvoMkA jJAna karanA Avazyaka hai| 4 karma-jo jIvako parAdhIna banAtA hai-usakI svataMtratAmeM bAdhaka hai vaha karma hai| isa karmakI vajahase hI jIvAtmA nAnA yoniyoMmeM bhramaNa karatA hai| isake jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra aura antarAya ye ATha bheda haiM / inake bhI uttara bheda aneka haiN| 5 anekAnta aura syAdvAda-jaina dharmako ThIka taraha samajhane-samajhAne aura mImAMsA karane-karAne ke lie mahAvIrane jainadharmake sAtha hI jaina darzanakA bhI prarUpaNa kiyaa| - 153 -
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________________ (ka) anekAnta-nAnA dharmarUpa vastu anekAnta hai / (kha) syAdvAda-apekSAse nAnA dharmoko kahanevAle vacanaprakArako syAdvAda kahate haiM / apekSAvAda, kathaMcitavAda Adi isIke nAma haiN| ina aura ese hI aura aneka siddhAntoMkA mahAvIrane pratipAdana kiyA thA, jo jaina zAstroMse jJAtavya haiN| antameM 72 varSakI AyumeM kArtika vadI amAvasyAke prAtaH mahAvIrane pAvAse nirvANa prApta kiyA, jisakI smatimeM jaina-samAjameM vIra-nirvANa saMvat pracalita hai aura jo Aja 2478 cala rahA hai|