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________________ bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samasAmayika zramaNa-dharma nAyaka evaM unake siddhAnta darzana-digdarzana - sohanarAja koThArI bhUtapUrva jilA nyAyAdhIza, rAjasthAna bhagavAna mahAvIra kA yuga dhArmika matavAdoM aura karmakANDo se saMkula thA / bauddha sAhitya (suttanipAta) ke anusAra usa samaya tiresaTha zramaNa sampradAya vidyamAna the / jainAgamoM (naMdI sUtra 76) meM tIna ko tiresaTha dharmamata vAdoM kA ullekha milatA hai / yaha bhedopabheda kI vistRta carcA hai / prAga aitihAsika kAla se bhAratavarSa meM brAhmaNa saMskRti va zramaNa saMsmRti, ye do dhArAeM pravAhita hotI rahI hai / Izvara ko karttA ke rUpa me svIkAra karane usake prati sarvathA samarpita rahane kI bhAvanA jahAM brAhmaNa saMskRti kA pramukha siddhAnta rahA, vahIM pratyeka prANI kI svataMtra AtmA aura AtmA hI usake sukha-dukha karttA hai kA siddhAnta zramaNa saMskRti kA mukhya siddhAnta rhaa| eka meM bhaktibhAva, zraddhA, samarpaNa Adi ko pramukhatA dI gaI va dUsare meM karma, jJAna, puruSArtha ko pramukhatA dI gaI hAlAMki bhakti, karma, jJAna tInoM yogoM kA samAveza donoM saMskRtiyoM meM tAratamyatA ke bheda ke uparAMta bhI samAna rUpa se samAhita kiyA gayA / zramaNa saMskRti kI bhI aneka dhArAeM rahI haiM / unameM sabase prAcIna dhArA bhagavAna RSabha kI aura sabase arvAcIna dhArA bhagavAna buddha kI hai| zeSa saba dhArAeM madhyavartI haiN| 2010_03 vaidika aura paurANika dono sAhitya vidyAoM meM bhagavAna RSabha zramaNa dharma ke pravartaka ke rUpa meM ullikhita hue hai| bhagavAna RSabha kA dharma vibhinna yugoM meM vibhinna nAmoM se abhihita hotA rahA hai| itihAsa ke pRSThoM meM samaya-samaya para usakA nAma vrAtya dharma, zramaNa dharma, Arhata dharma, nigraMtha dharma kahalAtA rahA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ko bauddha granthoM meM "nirgraya jJAta putra" ke nAma se saMbodhita kiyA gayA hai| vaha jaina dharma ke nAma se prasiddha ho gyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM zramaNoM ke unake nirvANa kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM
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________________ sva: mohanalAla boThiyA smRti grantha kA cAlIsa se adhika sampradAya the, jinameM pAMca vahuta prabhAvazAlI the - (1) nigraMtha - mahAvIra kA zAsana (2) zAkya - buddha kA zAsana (3) AjIvaka - maMkhalI gozAlaka kA zAsana (4) gairika - tApasa (pUraNa kazyapa evaM saMjaya celaTThiputra ke ) zAsana (5) parivrAjaka - ajita kezakavalI evaM pakugha kAtyAyana ke shaasn| vauddha sAhitya meM vauddha dharma ke sivAya chaH sampradAyoM va unake AcAryoM kA isa prakAra ullekha milatA hai - (1) aRiyAvAda - AcArya pUraNa kazyapa (2) niyativAda - maMkhalI gozAlaka (3) dacchedavAda - ajita kezakaMbalI (4) anyonyavAda - pakUdha kAtyAyana (5) cAturyAma saMvaravAda - nigraMtha jJAtaputra (6) vikSepavAda - saMjayavelasiTTa putr| ye sabhI AcArya apane ko tIrthakara batAte the va unhe bhI arhata nAma se loga saMbodhita karate the| ve sabhI saiddhAntika matabhedo ke kAraNa eka dUsare ke pratidvandI the| AcArya pUraNa kazyapa, ajita kezakamvalI, pakudha kAtyAyana, saMjayavelaTTiputra ke mata-sampradAya Age na calane ke kAraNa unake bAre meM itihAsa meM adhika jJAtavya tathya upalabdha nahIM hai| maMkhalIputra gozAlaka ke bhagavAna mahAvIra kA pUrva meM ziSya rahane va bAda meM virodha karane ke kAraNa jainAgamoM me usake jIvanavRtta va siddhAntoM kA vistAra se vivaraNa milatA hai| bauddha dharma kucha zatAbdiyoM taka bhArata meM pramukha rahA para bAda meM aneka kAraNoM se vaha bhArata se lupta sA ho gayA para bhArata ke dakSiNa pUrva dezoM meM unakA bhArI pracAra huA va Aja bhI vizva ke pramukha dharmoM meM usakI gaNanA kI jAtI hai| kalA, zilpa, sAhitya Adi aneka vidyAoM meM usake bAre me vipula sAmagrI milatI hai| yaha Aja bhI jIvanta dharma hai| aneka ArohaNaavarohaNa ke uparAMta jaina dharma isa deza meM Aja bhI apanI viziSTatA rakhatA hai aura usake siddhAntoM para niraMtara sAhitya-sRjana gata ar3hAI hajAra varSoM se hotA rahA hai| itihAsa ke pRSThoM meM kho jAne ke uparAMta bhI anya dharmanAyako ke siddhAnta kI vyAkhyA va carcA jaina evaM bauddha graMthoM meM pracura mAtrA meM milatI hai aura usI ke AdhAra para unake bAre meM yahAM ullekha kiyA jA rahA hai jo isa prakAra hai| (1) akriyAvAda evaM usake dharmanAyaka AcArya pUraNa kazyapa akriyAvAda ke pravartaka AcArya pUraNa kazyapa ke jIvana vRtta ke saMbaMdha meM koI tathya nahIM milate, na usake siddhAnto ke viSaya meM kahIM vistRta carcA milatI hai| bauddha graMtha dIghAMnakAya me isa saMbaMdha meM kiMcita carcA hai jise dharmAnanda kauzAmvI ne apanI pustaka "bhAratIya saMskRti aura ahiMsA" meM sAra rUpa me prastuta kiyA hai| 2010_03
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________________ 690888560860233%8080808286888068 38888888888888 darzana-digdarzana magadha samrATa ajAtazatru (kauNika) ne pUraNa kazyapa se usake siddhAntoM ke viSaya me jijJAsA kI, tava usame apane dvArA svIkRta akriyAvAda kA vivecana kiyaa| pUraNa kazyapa kisI kriyA kA phala svIkAra nahIM karatA thaa| usakA Azaya thA ki kisI bhI kriyA kA pratyakSa phala hotA hai, vaha to hai hI, para bhaviSya meM katI ko koI phala nahIM miltaa| hiMsA, asatyAbhASaNa, adattadAna, vyabhicAra se koI pApa-bandhana nahI hotA, na ahiMsA, satyabhASaNa, dAna, tIrthayAtrA evaM saMyamamaya jIvana ke avalaMbana Adi se puNya baMdhana hI hotA hai| usake isa siddhAnta se paraloka, svarga, naraka Adi mAnyatAoM kA svataH nirasana ho jAtA hai aura isIlie phala meM vizvAsa na rakhane ke kAraNa usake mata kA nAma akriyAvAda pdd'aa| jainAgama sUtrakRtAMga meM kriyAvAda, vinayavAda evaM ajJAnavAda ke sAtha akriyAvAda kA bhI prAvAduko - paratIthikoM yA anya matAvalaMviyoM ke siddhAntoM ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai| sUtrakRtAga meM prasaMgavaza aneka sthAno para isakA saMketa milatA hai, jaise eka sthAna para kahA gayA - bhagavAna mahAvIra kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, vinayavAda tathA ajJAnavAda ko bhalIbhAMti samajhakara usakA samIkSaNa kara dIrdhakAla taka saMyama kI ArAdhanA me samudyata rhe| (suuvkRtaag)| dazAzrutaskaMdha Agama kI paSTa dazA meM bhI akriyAvAda kA ullekha hai| ___ akriyAvAda ke saMbaMdha meM kahIM suvyavasthita vicAra zrRMkhalA nahI milatI, kevala yatra-tatra chuTapuTa tathya milate haiN| yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki yaha vicAradhArA kisa rUpa meM vikasita hUI va jIvana evaM dharma ke viSaya meM usakI kyA mAnyatAeM thii| para yaha nizcita hai ki usakA vizada va samagra svarUpa avazya kucha rahA hogA, kyoki usa yuga me pUraNa kazyapa ke bar3I saMkhyA meM anuyAyI the aura mahAvIra evaM buddha kI taraha vaha vizruta dharmanAyaka thaa| magadha nareza ajAtazatru jaise usa yuga ke pratApI evaM zIrSa rAjA kA usake siddhAMto ke viSaya meM jijJAsA honA mAtra hI siddha karatA hai ki unakA vyaktitva mahattvapUrNa thA va unakA dharmasaMgha sugaThita evaM vizAla rahA hogaa| Age usakI paraMparA kaI kAraNo se nahI cala sakI, ataH usakI pUrI vicAradhArA itihAsa ke pRSThoM me surakSita nahIM raha paaii| 108888888 9800oooooo 2010_03
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________________ / svaH mohanalAla bAThiyA smRti grantha (2)saMjaya velaTTiputra va usakA siddhAMta anizcitatAvAda anizcitatAvAda kA pravartaka saMjaya velaTThiputra usa yuga meM apane ko tIrthakara batAtA thA aura nigraMtha mahAvIra va tathAgata buddha kA pratidvaMdI thaa| usane paraloka, deva, zubhaazubha karmo kA phala, mukta AtmA kA dehatyAga ke bAda astitva Adi viSayoM ke saMdarbha meM anizcitAvAdI siddhAnta kA nirUpaNa kiyaa| dharmAnanda kauzAmbI likhita pustaka "bhAratIya saMskRti aura ahiMsA" ke pRSTha 46 para usake siddhAntoM kA sAra saMkSepa isa prakAra milatA hai - "paraloka hai yA nahIM, yaha maiM nahI jaantaa| paraloka hai, yaha bhI nahIM, paraloka nahIM hai yaha bhI nhiiN| .... acche bure karmo kA phala milatA hai yaha bhI maiM nahIM mAnatA, nahIM milatA hai, yaha bhI maiM nahIM maantaa| yaha rahatA bhI hai, nahI bhI rahatA hai| tathAgata mRtyu ke bAda rahatA hai yA rahatA nahIM, yaha maiM nahI smjhtaa| vaha rahatA hai, yaha bhI nahI, vaha nahIM rahatA hai yaha bhI nhii|" yahA asti, nAsti, asti-nAsti, na asti-na nAsti - ye cAra bhaMga yA vikalpa banate hai jisake AdhAra para saMjayavelaviputra ne anizcitatAvAda kA nirUpaNa kiyaa| aisA lagatA hai ki jaina darzana ke anekAntavAda kA tatva bIja rUpa meM isame prakaTa huA hai jise bhagavAna mahAvIra ne suvicArita evaM suvyavasthita svarUpa pradAna kiyA ho, kintu spaSTa rUpa se anizcitatAvAda va usake paripArzva me pala rahI anya mAnyatAoM kI jAnakArI ke abhAva meM, isa bAre meM kucha nizcita nahI kahA jA sktaa| (3)pradhAtyAyana va usakA siddhAMta akRtatAvAda akRtatAvAda kA saMpravartaka, upadezaka AcAyaM prakudya kAtyAyana apane samaya kA prakhyAta loka-samAdRta dharmanAyaka thaa| usane pRthvIkAya (pRthvItasva), apkAya (jala tattva), tejaskAya (agnitatva), vAyukAya (vAyutatva), sukha, duHkha evaM jIva ina sAta tattvoM kI sattA svIkAra kii| usake anusAra ye sAta akRta hai, kisI ke dvArA unakA nirmANa nahIM huA hai abadhya hai, kUTastha haiM, staMbha kI taraha acala, avikRta va ahAnikara hai| (bhAratIya saMskRti aura ahiMsA, pRSTha 46-47) / aisA koI tattva nahIM hai jo kisI kA hanana kara sake dhAta kara ske| bauddha granthoM 27 28 2010_03
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________________ meM isa saMbaMdha meM prApta vivecana kA yaha saMkSipta sAra hai / prakudha kAtyAyana ne jina sAta tattvo kI sattA svIkAra kI uname cAra ve hI hai jinheM ajitakezakavalI mAnatA thA / sukha, duHkha tathA jIva (caitanya)- ye tIna tattva prakudhakAtyAyana ne adhika maane| jIva yA caitanya ko, jo parokSa hai, indriyAtIta hai, svIkAra karane se siddha hotA hai ki prakudha kAtyAyana nitAMta bhautikavAdI nahI thA / adhyAtma kI aura bhI usakA rujhAna thA / ( 4 ) ajita kezakaMbala evaM usakA siddhAMta ucchedavAda 'bauddha darzana mImAMsA' pustaka ke pRSTha saM0 26 me dIrghanikAya ke AdhAra para ucchedavAda siddhAMta kA sAra saMkSepa nimnalikhita prakAra se ullikhita hai - 'na dAna hai, na yajJa hai, na homa hai, na puNya pApa kA acchA burA phala hotA hai| na mAtA hai, na pitA hai, na ayonija sattva (devatA) hai aura na isa loka meM jJAnI aura samartha brAhmaNa zramaNa hai, jo isa loka aura paraloka ko jAnakara tathA sAkSAtkAra kara kucha kheNge| manuSya cAra mahAbhUtoM se mila kara banA hai aura jaba maratA hai taba pRthvI mahApRthvI meM lIna ho jAtI hai, jala-teja- vAyu - unameM samAhita ho jAte hai aura indriyAM AkAza meM lIna ho jAtI haiN| manuSya loga lAza ko sIDhI meM DAlakara le jAte haiM / usakI niMdA prazaMsA karate haiM / haDDiyAM kabUtara kI taraha ujalI hokara bikhara jAtI haiM aura saba kucha bhasma ho jAtA hai / mUrkha loga, jo dAna dete haiM, usakA kucha bhI phala nahIM hotA / AstikavAda ( AtmA kI sattA mAnanA) jhUThA hai / mUrkha aura paMDita - sabhI zarIra ke naSTa hote hI uccheda ko prApta ho jAte hai| marane ke bAda koI nahIM rahatA / ' T darzana-digdarzana uparyukta vicAroM ke parizIlana se pratIta hotA hai ki yaha cAvIka ke bhautikavAda kA hI eka rUpa thA / usake upadeSTA AcArya ajitakezakaMbalI mAne jAte hai jo cArvAka mata kA udabhAvaka dharma nAyaka evaM prabhAvaka AcArya thaa| ajitakezakamvalI kA koI itihAsa nahIM miltaa| usake nAmase yaha saMbhAvanA banatI hai ki usakA nAma ajita rahA ho aura suvidhA tyAga kara vaha kezoM se bunA rUkSa akomala-sAtvika kamvala dhAraNa karatA ho ataH usakI viziSTa pahacAna ke lie use ajitakezakaMvala kahA jAtA hoN| bhAratIya saMskRti kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki usame vicAra svAtantrya itanA vyApaka thA ki ucchedavAda yA cArvAka mata ko bhI siddhAnta evaM darzana ke rUpa meM carcita kiyA gayA aura usake upadeSTA ke vicAroM ko samAdara diyA gyaa| 2010_03 2738
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________________ / svaH mohanalAla bAThiyA smRti grantha (5)maMkhalI gozAlaka evaM usakA siddhAMta niyativAda va AjIvaka mata bhagavAna mahAvIra tathA buddha ke samasAmayika AcAryoM meM maMkhalI gozAlaka apane ko tIthaMkara batAtA thaa| vaha niyativAdI thA va usakA mata AjIvaka kahalAtA thaa| vaha karma, purUSArtha, udyama, prayatna meM vizvAsa nahIM karatA thaa| jo kucha hotA hai, saba niyata hai, pUrva niyojita hai, aisA mAnatA thaa| usake mata kA koI svataMtra grantha upagrantha nahIM hai para bhagavAna mahAvIra kA pUrva ziSya hone va bAda meM prabala virodhI hone evaM unakI sarvajJatA ko cunautI dene, vAdavivAda para utara Ane ke kAraNa bhagavatI sUtra ke pandrahaveM zataka meM usakI utpatti, dIkSA, kAryakalApa Adi kA vistRta vivaraNa milatA hai aura bhagavatI evaM upAsaka dazAMsa sUtra va bauddha graMtha majjhimanikAya, aMguttara vikAya meM usake siddhAnto kI vizada vyAkhyA milatI hai| bhagavatI sUtra ke anusAra maMkhajAtIya maMkhalI citrapaTa dikhA kara bhikSA mAMgakara apanI AjIvikA calAtA thA, gauzAlA me usake putra ne janma liyA jisakA nAma gozAlaka rakhA gyaa| baha bar3A hone para bhagavAna mahAvIra ke saMparka meM AyA va unase prabhAvita ho unake pAsa dIkSita huaa| chaH varSa taka unake pAsa vidyAdhyayana kara zaktizAlI tejolabdhi prApta kI aura vaha phira bhagavAna mahAvIra se pRthaka hokara apane ko jina tIrthakara, aMrhata, sarvajJa kahane lgaa| use aSTAMga nimitta kA acchA jJAna thA, ataH vaha bhaviSyavANiyA karane lagA va logoM kI jijJAsA zAMta karatA ataH usake hajAroM anuyAyI ho gye| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI pratiSThA, prazasti aura prabhAva se use IrSyA ho gaI aura usane bhagavAna ke samavazaraNa meM Akara una para tejolabdhi kA prayoga kara diyA, jise bhagavAna ne samabhAva se prasannatApUrvaka sahana kiyA aura bhISaNa agni, jvAlA se unhe zArIrika kaSTa to avazya huA para vaha unheM parAbhUta nahI kara paaii| tejolezyA vApasa lauTakara gozAlaka ke zarIra me praveza kara gaI aura usake bhISaNa tApa se dAha jvara se pIr3ita hokara gozAlaka sAta dina bAda mRtyu ko prApta ho gyaa| ina sAta dinoM meM usane carama pAna, gAna, nATaya, aMjalikarma, puSkara-saMvartaka mahAmegha, khecavaka gradhahasti, mahAzilAkaMTaka, saMgrAma, carama tIrthaMkaraina aSTha carama tatvo kA AkhyAna kiyA aura pravRtta parihAra nAmaka siddhAMto ke mAdhyama se janmAMtaroM kI carcA kii| upAsakadarzAya sUtra ke chaThe adhyayana me kuNDakaulika zrAvaka ko sAdhanAcyuta :358366583838888888888 2010_03
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________________ darzana-digdarzana karane deva AyA va usane gozAlaka ke siddhAMta ko sahI batAyA to kuNDakaulika ne use ucita samAdhAna diyaa| isI prakAra sAtaveM adhyayana meM sakaDAla putra zrAvaka, jo pahale gozAlaka kA zrAvaka thA va niyativAdI thA use bhagavAna mahAvIra ne karma aura puruSArtha kA siddhAnta samajhAyA, kA varNana hai| ___ gozAlaka aura usake dharmasaMgha ke bhikSu ghora tapasvI va haThayogI hote the| usakA dharmasaMgha bhagavAna mahAvIra aura buddha ke dharmasaMghoM se vizAla thA para gozAlaka ke bAda usakI paramparA Age nahI calaM sakI, ataH usakI svataMtra paramparA yA saiddhAntika graMtha Aja kahIM upalabdha nahIM hai! (6)gautama buddha aura bauddha dharma kapilavastu aura devadaha ke vIca naipAla kI tarAI meM nautanavA sTezana se 8 mIla dUra pazcima rUkminadeI hai, jahAM tIna hajAra varSa pUrva lumvinI vana thaa| IsA se 563 varSa pUrva kapilavastu kI mahArAnI mahAmAyA devI apane naihara devadaha jA rahI thI, taba usa vana meM gautama kA janma huA jisakA nAma rakhA gayA siddhArtha / janma ke sAta dina vAda mAtA kI mRtyu ho jAne se siddhArtha kA lAlana-pAlana usakI mausI gautamI ne kiyaa| bacapana se hI siddhArtha meM karUNA kA srota avirala baha rahA thaa| gurU vizvAmitra ke pAsa siddhArtha ne veda aura upaniSadoM kA jJAna par3hA va yuddha vidyA kI zikSA prApta kii| solaha varSa kI umra meM daNDapANi zAkya kI kanyA yazodharA se usakA vivAha huA aura usake rAhula nAma kA eka putra huaa| vipula dhanasaMpada evaM aizvarya ke sAdhanoM ke uparAMta bhI siddhArtha kA mana bhautika padAthoM meM Asakta nahIM huaa| eka bAra ghUmane nikale to nagara meM eka bRddha, eka rogI va eka zavayAtrA dekhI jinheM dekhakara bImArI, bRddhAvasthA va mRtyu kI dArUNa avasthA kA jJAna huaa| phira eka prasannacitta sanyAsI ke darzana hue to duHkhamukti kA upAya suujhaa| bhare yauvana meM arddharAtri ko rAjya-pATa, strI, bacce, parivAra ko chor3a kara ve ghara se nikala par3e va saMnyAsa dhAraNa kiyaa| yoga sAdhanA va samAdhi ke patha para cala par3e, para saMtoSa nahIM huaa| ugra tapasyA kI, para usase bhI samAdhAna nahIM milaa| taba madhyama mArga apnaayaa| 35 varSa kI avasthA me vaTa vRkSa ke nIce unhe bodhI prApta huI va taba se gautama buddha khlaae| pahalA dharmopadeza sAranAtha me diyaa| ve 80 varSa kI avasthA taka pracAra karate rhe| sabhI jAti-varNa ke logoM ne unake patha kA anusaraNa kiyaa| hajAroM vyaktiyoM ne 275 ___ 2010_03
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________________ sva: mohanalAla bAThiyA smRti grantha TTTTTTTT unake pAsa bhikSu kI pravrajyA lii| videzA meM bhI pracArArtha bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko bhejaa| IsA se 483 sAla pUrva vaizAkhI pUrNimA ko unakA parinirvANa huaa| - bauddha dharma ne madhyama mArga kA anusaraNa kiyA va cAra Arya satya (1) duHkha (2) duHkha kA kAraNa (3) duHkha nirodha (4) duHkha nirodha kA mArga sthApita kie| duHkha nirodha ke lie aSTAMgika mArga samyaka jJAna, saMkalpa, vacana, karmAnta, AjIva, vyAyAma, smRti aura samAdhi kI prasthApanA kii| bauddha dharma kI do zAkhAeM bAda meM banIM jisameM hInayAna zAkhA ne aSTAMgika mArga para jora diyA va mahAyAna zAkhA ne chaH parimitA - dAna, zIla, zAnti, vIrya, dhyAna aura prajJA ke anupAlana para bala diyaa| bhagavAna buddha ke pUrva janmoM kA varNana jAtaka kathAoM meM milatA hai va siddhAMtoM kA vivecana vinayapiTaka, suttapiTaka va abhi dhammapiTaka meM milatA hai| dhammapada meM purUSArtha va saMyama para sthAna-sthAna para bala diyA gayA hai| cIna, jApAna va dakSiNa pUrva eziyA meM bauddha dharma ke karor3oM anuyAyI Aja bhI haiM aura zramaNa saMskRti ke sabase jIvanta va prakhara dharma ke rUpa sAre vizva meM bauddha dharma phailA huA hai| 2010_03