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________________ vizvazAnti kA eka mAtra upAya bhagavAn mahAvIra kA aparigrahavAda zrI narendrakumAra bhAnAvata, 'sAhityaratna ' manuSya kI antima maMjila kI agara koI kasauTI hai to vaha hai zAMti cAhe aAdhyAtmika kSetra meM hama ise mukti kaha kara pukAreM, cAhe dArzanika veza meM hama use vItarAga bhAvanA kheN| isI zAMti kI zodha meM manuSya yuga yuga se janma-maraNa ke cakra meM ghUmatA rahA hai| lekina Aja 20 vIM zatAbdi meM zAMti kA kSetra vyApaka evaM jaTila ho gayA hai| Aja vyaktigata zAMti ke mahattva se bhI adhika mahattva samaSTigata zAMti (vizvazAMti) kA hai| isa sAmUhika zAMti kI prApti ke lie mAnava ne aneka sAdhana DhUMDha nikAle / vibhinna vAdoM ke vivAdoM kA prativAda bhI usane kiyA / mArksavAda kI vicAra dhArA meM bhI vaha bahA / lekina taka use zAMti nahIM mila pAI hai| isakA mUla kAraNa hai Arthika vaiSamya / zrAja ke vijJAna se lade bhautikavAdI yuga meM roTI-rojI zikSA-dIkSA ke jitane bhI sAdhana haiM una para mAnavasamAja ke ine gine vyaktiyoM ke usa varga ne kabjA kara liyA jo ki nirdayI evaM svArthI banakara apane dhana ke naze meM madamAtA hai / dUsarI ra adhikAMza aise vyaktiyoM kA varga hai jo garIbI meM pala rahA hai| dhana aura zrama ke isa bhayAnaka antara aura virodha ne mAnava ke bIca meM dIvAla khar3I kara dI hai| isI viSamatA kA citraNa pragatizIla kavi zrI rAmadhArIsiMha 'dinakara' kI ina paMktiyoM meM dekhiye " zvAnoM ko milatA dUdha-vastra, bhUkhe bAlaka akulAte haiM / mAM kI haDDI se cipaka ThiThura -- jAr3oM kI rAta bitAte haiM / / yuvatI kI lajjA vasana beca jaba byAja cukAye jAte haiN| mAlika tatra tela phuleloM para, pAnI sA dravya bahAte haiM / " eka ora aisA varga hai jo peTa aura pITha eka kiye dAne dAne ke lie tarasatA hai to dUsarI ora cAMdI kI caTanI se veSTita aise pakavAna haiM jinheM khAkara loga bImAra ho jAte haiN| eka ora rahane ke liesardI, garmI, pAvasa se apanI rakSA karane ke lie, TUTA chappara taka nasIba nahIM to dUsarI ora ve bar3I bar3I hAlikAeM haiM jinameM bhUta bolA karate haiN| isI bheda-bhAva ko miTAne ke lie navIna navIna vicAroM ko lekara vicArakoM ne naye naye vAdoM kI sRSTi kI hai| lekina jitane bhI vAda vartamAna meM pracalita haiM sabhI adhUre haiN| kisI meM raktapAta hai to kisI meM svArthabhAva / kisI meM vyavahArikatA hai to kisI meM korA khayAlI pulAva | lekina eka aisA sAdhana aura hala (vAda ) hai jisa ko Aja se lagabhaga DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva krAMtadarzI bhagavAn mahAvIra ne manomanthana kara atIndriya jJAna dvArA pratipAdita kiyA thA / vaha hai " savve jIvAvi icchanti jIviDaM na marijjauM" sabhI jIva jInA cAhate haiM, maranA koI nahIM caahtaa| sabhI sukha cAhate haiM, duHkha koI nahIM caahtaa| isa pAvana evaM punIta bhAvanA kA janma aura vikAsa agara mAnavahRdaya meM ho sakatA hai to vaha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anokhe evaM vyAvahArika aparigraha vAda ke siddhAnta ke bala para / parigraha kA varNana jagat ke sampUrNa dhArmika granthoM meM pAyA jAtA hai / lekina jainadharma meM ise 35
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________________ 36 AcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha vizeSa mahattva dekara isakA sUkSmAtisUkSma vivecana evaM vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| tattvArthasUtrakAra umAsvAti ne kahA hai "mUrchAparigrahaH"-arthAt-parigraha kA artha mUrchAbhAva-sAMsArika bhautika padArthoM meM mamatva yA nijatva kI bhaavnaa| kisI bhI padArtha ke prati mamatva kI bhAvanA nahIM rakhanA, yaha aparigraha hai| AvazyakatA se adhika kisI bhI vastu kA saMgraha karanA jahA~ eka aora samAja ke prati anyAya hai, vahA~ dUsarI ora apanI AtmA kA patana hai| arthAt tere mere ke bhedabhAva ko chor3akara, saMgraha pravRtti ko tyAgakara, aparigrahavRtti kA avalambana lekara aAja vizva meM jo dvandva aura tanAva hai use zAMtimaya tarIke se kama karane kI preraNA hameM aparigrahavAda se lenI hai| jinake pAsa paisA nahIM hai ve agara yaha samajhate hoM ki hama aparigrahI haiM to ve bhUla karate haiN| aparigrahI bhAvanA kA sambandha bAhya dhanadaulata se na hokara hRdaya kI bhAvanA se hai| ataH dhanavAnoM ko yaha nahIM socanA cAhie ki hama aparigrahI bana hI nahIM skte| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI to vANI hai ki agara eka bhikhArI ke pAsa kevala tana Dhakane ko phaTA-purAnA cithar3A hai lekina agara usa cithar3e ke prati bhI usakA mUrchAbhAva hai to vaha bhikhArI usa pUMjIpati se jyAdA parigrahI hai jisake pAsa karor3oM kI daulata hai para use vaha apanI nahIM samajhatA aura jo mUrchAbhAva se mukta hai / aparigrahI bhAvanA ke vikasita hone para hI dhanapati kA krUra hRdaya bhI karuNA se pighala jAtA hai| dAna aura dayA kI vAhinI kala kala karatI huI baha uThatI hai, jisake prema aura abhedamUlaka vyavahAra bhare nIra meM avagAhana kara lar3akhar3AtI mAnavatA nirmala evaM niDara ho zAMti kA sAMsa lene lagatI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne gRhasthoM ke bAraha vrata batalAye haiN| unapara agara sUkSmadRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAya to spaSTa hai ki usake mUla meM adhikatama Arthika samatA sthApita karane kI bhAvanA nihita hai, gRhasthI ko maryAdita aura niyamita banAne kI dhyeya hai / maryAdita jIvana meM kabhI atireka aura atikramaNa ke abhAva meM na khuda meM azAMti hotI hai aora na dasaroM ko prazAnta karane kI bhAvanA prabala ho sakatI hai| bAraha vrata sthUla prANAtipAta viramaNa vrata (2) sthUla mRSAvAda viramaNa vrt| (3) sthUla adattAdAna viramaNa vrata sthUla abrahmacarya viramaNa vrt| (5) sthUla parigraha viramaNa vrata (6) divrt| (7) deza vrata (8) anarthadaNDa viramaNa vrata / (6) sAmAyika vrata (10) dezAvazika vrt| (11) pauSadha vrata (12) atithi saMvibhAga vrt| uparyukta bAraha vratoM meM prathama ke pAMca vratoM meM 'sthUla' zabda isaliye rakha gayA hai ki gRhasthI hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, abrahmacarya aura parigraha kA sarvathA va sarva prakAreNa tyAga nahIM kara sktaa| ataH unakA sthUla dRSTi se tyAga karane kA vidhAna hai| tAttvika dRSTi se inakA mahattva manuSya ko maryAdita banAne aura use saMgrahazIla na banAne meM hai| prathama cAra vratoM meM hameM jahAM taka ho sake hiMsA, jhUTha, corI aura abrahmacarya kA tyAga rakhanA caahie| aparigraha vrata isalie hai ki manuSya AvazyakatA se adhika saMgraha na kre| adhika saMgraha kI pravRtti ne hI Aja mAnava samudAya ko azAnta banA rakhA hai| isalie bhagavAn mahAvIra kA kathana hai ki pratyeka gRhastha apanI AvazyakatAoM ko nirdhArita kara yaha niyama kare ki mujhe isase adhika dravya nahIM rkhnaa| agara adhika dravya baDha jAya to use janatA janArdana kI sevA meM lagA denA hai| aisA karane se dUsare garIba loga usakA upayoga kara jIvana ko gati de paayeNge| isase lobhavRtti kama hogii| dravyaprApti kI hor3ahar3apa vAlI nIti meM hone vAle pApakarma rukeNge| isa vrata meM kevala dravya kI hI maryAdA nahIM hotI, calaacala sabhI prakAra
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________________ bhagavAn mahAvIra kA aparigrahavAda 37 kI sampatti kA AvazyakatAnusAra parimANa karanA par3atA hai| hamAre sAmane zrAnanda, kAmadeva Adi zrAvakoM kA Adarza vidyamAna hai jinhoMne ina vratoM ko grahaNa kara zAMti kI sthApanA kii| isa parigrahaparimANa kI puSTi ke lie hI chaTA, sAtavAM aura AThavAM vrata haiM / arthAt gRhastha yaha pratijJA kare ki mujhe pratyeka dizA meM muka se adhika sImA meM vyApAra ke lie nahIM jAnA hai| isase viSama bhogoM kI, vailAsika jIvana kI, 'pratisparddhA kI lAlasA na bdegii| pratidina manuSya ke upayoga meM AnevAlI pratyeka vastu kI bhI gRhastha maryAdA kre| aise padArtha do prakAra ke hote haiM-- (1) bhogya -- jo vastu eka bAra upayoga meM Ane ke bAda dUsarI bAra na bhogI jAyajaise -- anna, jala, vilepana Adi / (2) upabhogya -- jo vastu eka se adhika bAra upayoga meM zrAtI ho jaise -- makAna, kapar3A, gahanA Adi / ina sArI cIz2oM kI prAtaH uThakara gRhastha maryAdA kare ki amuka vastu mujhe dina meM kitanI bAra aura kitane parimANa meM kAma meM lAnI hai| antima cAra vratoM kA vidhAna bhI AdhyAtmika bala utpanna karane evaM aparigrahavRtti bar3hAne ke nimitta hai / bahu prAraMbhI evaM parigrahI naraka kA bhAgIdAra hotA hai jaisA ki tattvArthasUtra meM kahA hai " bahvAraMbha parigrahatvaM nArakasyAyuSaH " ataH hameM parigraha kA tyAga kara aparigraha kI ora jhukanA cAhiye kyoMki : "alpArambhaparigrahatvaM mAnuSasya " yaha manuSya zrAyu pradAna karatA hai / Aja duniyA do zaktiyoM (Power-blocks) meM baMTI huI hai / (1) pUMjIvAdI dala -- jisakA netRtva amerikA kara rahA hai| (2) sAmyavAdI dala - jisakA netRtva rUsa kara rahA hai| donoM apane apane svArtha ke liye lar3a rahe haiM aura vizva ke tamAma rASTroM ko yuddhAgni meM ghasITane kA prayatna kara rahe haiN| agara eka sacce gRhastha kI taraha ye rASTra bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke siddhAntoM- parigrahaparimANavrata ko grahaNa kara AvazyakatA se adhika saMgRhIta vastu kA dAna una rASTroM ko kara deM jinako inakI jarUrata ho to maiM dAve ke sAtha kahA sakatA hUM ki vizva meM zAMti sthApita ho jaaygii| pichale do mahAyuddha hue jinakA mUla kAraNa bhI yahI parigrahavRtti thI / mahAvIra kA deza bhArata Aja naye svara meM usI siddhAnta kA pracAra sarvodaya, paMcazIla, zAMtimaya sahaastitva (Peaceful co-existence) ke rUpa meM kara rahA hai| agara pratyeka rASTra chaTe vrata ke anusAra pratyeka dizA meM apanI apanI maryAdAnusAra bhUmi kA parimANa karale to yaha yuddha lipsA miTa jAya, yaha eTamabAjI samApta ho jAya, ye pralaya ke bAdala praNaya kI bU~doM meM badala jAya~ / gAMdhIjI ke suziSya vinobAjI isI bhAvanA se prerita hokara bhUdAna Andolana kara rahe haiM jisake antargata sampattidAna, buddhidAna, kUpadAna, sAdhanadAna aura zramadAna kA sUtra pAla kara aparigraha kI bhAvanA kA vikAsa kara rahe haiM aura unheM kAphI saphalatA milI hai tathA milatI jA rahI hai| pragatizIla kavi 'dinakara' ne 'kurukSetra' meM likhA " zAMti nahIM taba taka jaba taka, sukha-bhAga na nara kA sama ho / nahIM kisI ko bahuta adhika ho, nahIM kisI ko kama ho // "
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________________ AcArya vijayavallabhasUrI smAraka graMtha yaha bhAvanA udita karane meM na to hiMsaka mArksavAda hI sahAyaka ho sakatA hai aura na korA Adarza vaad| agara isa prakAra kA vAtAvaraNa koI banA sakatA hai to vaha mahAvIra kA aparigrahavAda jisakA pratyakSa evaM vyAvahArika rUpa zramaNa-saMgha ke jIte jAgate tyAgamUrti, vItarAgI tathA kriyAzIla sevAbhAvI tapasviyoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| isa asteya evaM aparigraha ke dvArA jo zAMti sthApita hogI vaha talavAra ke bala para sthApita hone vAlI na to akabara mahAn kI zAMti hogI, na vizvavijayI sikandara jaisI-lekina vaha zAMti to aisI zAMti hogI jisake lie "dinakara" likhate haiM "aisI zAMti rAjya karatI hai, tana para nahIM hRdaya para / nara ke UMce vizvAsoM para, zraddhA bhakti praNaya para / / " aMgrejI meM eka lekhaka ne likhA hai ki " The less I have the more I am" arthAt hamAre pAsa jitanA kama parigraha hogA, utane hI hama mahAn hoNge| sacamuca dhanadaulata ke pAne se, dInaduHkhI ko lUTane se koI mahAn nahIM bntaa| mahAn banatA hai tyAga se, aparigraha aura asteya se| agara hama sone ko bhI chipA chipA kara, mamatva bhAva rakhakara, dharatI meM gAr3a rakheMge to vaha miTTI bana jaaygaa| tAlAba ke pAnI kI taraha hama agara dhanatAdaulata ko ikaTThI kara usakA yathocita upayoga na kareMge to vaha sar3a jaaygii| zekmapiyara ne isI bAta ko phUla ke rUpaka meM kitanA acchA kahA hai| "Sweetest things turn sourest by their deeds, Lilies that faster smell far worse than weeds." ataH aAvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki hama " Eat, drink and be merry" jaise cArvAka-siddhAnta ko chor3akara " Live and let live" ko AcaraNa meM lAkara aparigrahavAda kA sambala lekara vizvamArga ke pathika baneM, phira sacamuca zAMti hamAre paira cuumegii| NARUN -PARAN AMAR / iMein jilba