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________________ agAva vidvatA aura pratibhA se prabhAvita hokara saMpUrNa bhAratavarSa ke vibhinna prAntoM meM saMcAlita tatvagoSThiyoM aura AdhyAtmika maNDaliyoM meM cacita gUr3hatama zaMkAyeM samAdhAnArtha jayapura bhejI jAtI thIM aura jayapura se paMDitajI dvArA samAdhAna pAkara tatva-jijJAsu samAja apane ko kRtArtha mAnatA thA / sAdharmI bhAI bra. rAyamala ne apanI "jIvana-patrikA" meM tatkAlIna jayapura kI dhArmika sthiti kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA hai mahApaMDita tovaramala DA0 hukamacanda bhArilla DA. gautama ke zabdoM meM"jaina hindI gadyakAroM meM "tahA~ nirantara hajAroM puruSa strI devaloka kI sI ToDaramalajI kA sthAna bahuta U~cA hai| unhoMne TIkAoM nAMI caityAle Aya mahApuNya upAraja, dIrghakAla kA aura svatantra granthoM ke rUpa meM donoM prakAra se gadya-nirmANa saMcyA pApa tAkA kSaya kre| so pacAsa bhAI pUjA kA virATa udyoga kiyA hai| ToDaramalajI kI racanAoM karane vAre pAIe, sau pacAsa bhASA zAstra bAMcane vAre ke sakSmAnuzIlana se patA calatA hai ki ve AdhyAtma aura pAIe, dasa bIsa saMskRta bAMcane vAre pAIe, sau pacAsa jaina dharma ke hI vettA na the, apitu vyAkaraNa, darzana, janeM caracA karane vAre pAIe aura nityAna kA sabhA ke sAhitya aura siddhAnta ke jJAtA the| bhASA para bhI zAstra bAMcane kA vyAkhyAna virSa pAMca se sAta se puruSa inakA acchA adhikAra thaa|" tIna sai cAri se strIjana, saba milI hajAra bArA se puruSa strI zAstra kA zravaNa karai bIsa tIsa vAyAM zAstrAIsavI kI aThArahavIM zatI ke antima dinoM meM bhyAsa kara, deza deza kA prazna ihA~ Avai tinakA rAjasthAna kA gulAbI nagara jayapura jainiyoM kI kAzI samAdhAna hoya uhAM pahuMce, ityAdi adbhuta mahimA caturthabana rahA thA / AcAryakalpa paMDita ToDaramalajI kI kAlavata yA nagra viSa jinadharma kI pravati pAIe hai|" 1 hindI gadya kA vikAsa : DA0 premaprakAza gautama, anusaMdhAna prakAzana, AcArya nagara kAnapura, pR0 188 / 2. paMDita ToDaramala, vyaktitva aura kRtRtva, pariziSTa 1, prakAzaka : paMDita ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa, e-4 bApUnagara, jypur| 265
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________________ yadyapi sarasvatI mA~ ke varada putra kA jIvana AdhyAtmika sAdhanAoM se otaprota hai, tathApi sAhityika va sAmAjika kSetra meM bhI unakA pradeya kama nahIM hai / AcAryakalpa paMDita ToDaramalajI una dArzanika sAhityakAroM evaM krAntikAriyoM meM se haiM jinhoMne AdhyAtmika kSetra meM AI huI vikRtiyoM kA sArthaka va samartha khaNDana hI nahIM kiyA. varan unheM jar3a se ukhAr3a pheNkaa| unhoMne tatkAlIna pracalita sAhitya bhASA braja meM dArzanika viSayoM kA vivecaka aisA gadya prastuta kiyA jo unake pUrva virala hai| paMDitajI kA samaya IsvI kA aThArahavIM sadI kA madhyakAla hai / vaha saMkrAntikAlIna yuga thA / usa samaya rAjanIti meM asthiratA sampradAyoM meM tanAva sAhitya meM zrRMgAra, dharma ke kSetra meM rUr3hivAda, Arthika jIvana meM viSamatA evaM sAmAjika jIvana meM ADaMbara, ye saba apanI carama sImA para the| una saba se paDitajI ko saMgharSa karanA thA jo unhoMne DaTakara kiyA aura prANoM kI bAjI lagAkara kiyA / paMDita ToDaramalajI gambhIra prakRti ke AdhyAtmika mahApuruSa the / ve svabhAva se sarala, saMsAra se udAsa, dhuna ke dhanI, nirAbhimAnI, vivekI adhyayanazIla, pratimAvAna bAhyADaMbara virodhI, dRDha zraddhAvI krAntikArI siddhAntoM kI kImata para kamI na jhukanevAle AtmAnubhavI, lokapriya pravacanakAra, siddhAnta granthoM ke saphala TIkAkAra evaM paropakArI mahAmAnava the / ve vinamra zraddhAnI vidvAna evaM sarala svabhAvI the ve prAmANika mahApuruSa the| tatkAlIna AdhyAtmika / samAja meM tatvajJAna saMbaMdhI prakaraNoM meM unake kathana pramANa ke taura para prastuta kie jAte the| ve lokapriya AdhyA tmika pravaktA the| dhArmika utsavoM meM janatA kI adhika 3. indradhvaja vidhAna mahotsava patrikA / se-adhika upasthiti ke lie unake nAma kA prayoga AkarSaNa ke rUpa meM kiyA jAtA thaa| gRhastha hone para bhI unakI vRtti sAThA kI pratIka thii| paMDitajI ke pitA kA nAma jogIdAsajI evaM mAtA kA nAma rambhAdevI thaa| ve jAti se khaNDelavAla the aura gotra thA godIkA, jise bhauMsA va bar3ajAtyA bhI kahate haiN| unake vaMzaja DholAkA bhI kahalAte the| ve divAdita the para unakI va samurAla pakSavAloM kA kahIM koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| unake do putra the- harIcandra aura gumAnIrAma gumAnIrAma bhI unake samAna u koTi ke vidvAna aura prabhAvaka AdhyAtmika pravaktA the / unake pAsa bar3e-bar3e vidvAna bhI tatva kA rahasya samajhane Ate the| paMDita devIdAsa godhA ne "siddhAntasAra saMgraha TIkA prazasti" meM isakA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai / paMDita ToDaramalajI kI mRtyu ke uparAnta ve paMDitajI dvArA saMcAlita dhArmika krAnti ke sUtradhAra rhe| unake -nAma se eka paMdha bhI calA jo 'gumAna paMtha' ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / paMDita ToDaramalajI kI sAmAnya zikSA jayapura kI eka AdhyAtmika ( terApaMtha zailI meM huI, jisakA vAda meM unhoMne saphala saMcAlana bhI kiyaa| unake pUrva vAdA baMzIdhara jI ukta zailI ke saMcAlaka the| paMDita ToDaramalajI gUDha tatvoM ke to svataMbuddha jJAtA the| 'nabbisAra' va "kSapaNAsAra" kI saMdRSTiyoM Arambha karate hue ve likhate haiM "zAstraviliruyA nAhIM aura batAne vAlA milyA naahiiN"| saMskRta, prAkRta aura hindI ke atirikta unheM kannar3a bhASA kA bhI jJAna thaa| mUla graMthoM ko ve kannar3a lipi meM par3ha-likha sakate the / kannar3a bhASA aura lipi kA jJAna evaM abhyAsa bhI unhoMne svayaM kiyA / ve kannar3a 266
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________________ bhASA ke prathoM para vyAkhyAna karate the evaM unheM kannar3a prANadaNDa hI nahIM diyA balki gaMdagI meM gar3avA dipa lipi meM likha bhI lete the| bra. rAyamala ne likhA hai- thaa| yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki unheM hAthI ke paira ke ra nIce kucalavA kara mArA gayA thaa| "dakSiNa deza saM pAMca sAta aura grantha tAr3apatrAMviSe / karNATI lipi meM likhyA ihA~ padhAre haiM, tAka ToDaramalajI paMDita ToDaramalajI AdhyAtmika sAdhaka the / unhoMne bA~ce hai / vAkA yathArtha vyAkhyAna kara hai, vA karNATI jaina darzana aura siddhAntoM kA gahana adhyayana hI nahIM lipi meM likhate haiN| kiyA apitu use tatkAlIna janabhASA meM likhA bhI hai| usameM unakA mukhya uddezya apane dArzanika cintana ko . paramparAgata mAnyatAnusAra unakI Ayu kula 27 jana sAdhAraNa taka pahuMcAnA thaa| paMDitajI ne prAcIna varSa kahI jAtI rahI, parantu unakI sAhityika sAdhanA, ' jaina grathoM kI vistRta, gahana parantu subodha bhASA-TIkAe~ jJAna va prApta ullekhoM ko dekhate hue merA yaha nizcita likhiiN| ina bhASA-TIkAoM meM kaI viSayoM para bahuta mata hai ki ve 47 varSa taka avazya jIvita rahe / isa hI maulika vicAra milate jo unake svataMtra cintana ke sambandha meM sAdharmI bhAI bra. rAyamala dvArA likhita cArcA pariNAma the| bAda meM inhIM vicAroM ke AdhAra para saMgraha grantha kI alIgaMja (eTA u. pra.) meM prApta hasta unhoMne katipaya maulika granthoM kI racanA bhI kii| likhita prati ke pRSTha 173 kA nimnalikhita ullekha unameM se sAta to TIkAgrantha haiM aura pAMca maulika vizeSa dRSTavya hai -- racanAe~ / unakI racanAoM ko do bhAgoM meM bA~TA jA ____"bahari bArA hajAra trilokasArajI kI TIkA kaa| sakatA hai :bArA hajAra mokSamArga prakAzaka grantha unake zAstroM ke (1) maulika racanAe~ (2) vyAkhyAtmaka rcnaaeN| anusvari aura AtmAnuzAsanajI kI TIkA hajAra tIna maulika racanAe~ gadya aura padya donoM rUpoM meM haiN| yAM tInAM granthoM kI TIkA bhI ToDaramalajI saiMtAlIsa. gadya racanAe~ cAra zailiyoM meM milatI haiM :basa kI Ayu pUrNa kari paraloka viSaM gamana kii|" . (ka) varNanAtmaka zailI, (kha) patrAtmaka zailI unakI mRtyu tithi vikrama saMvat 1823-24 ke (ga) yantra racanAtmaka (cArTa) zailI, (gha) vivecanAtmaka lagabhaga nizcita hai, ata: unakA janma vikrama savat shailii| 1776-77 meM honA caahie| ___ varNanAtmaka zailI meM samIsaraNa Adi kA sarala - paMDita vakhatarAma zAha ke anusAra kucha matAMdha bhASA meM sIdhA varNana hai / paMDitajI ke pAsa jijJAsu logoM dvArA lagAye gae zivapiNDI ke ukhAr3ane ke Aropa loga dUra-dUra se apanI zaMkAe~ bhejate the, usake samAdhAna ke sadarbha meM rAjA dvArA sabhI zrAvakoM ko kaida kara meM vaha jo kucha likhate the, vaha lekhana patrAtmaka zailI ke liyA gayA thA aura terApaMthiyoM ke guru mahAna dharmAtmA, antargata AtA hai| isameM tarka aura anubhUti kA sundara mahApuruSa paDita ToDaramalajI ko mRtyu daNDa diyA gayA samanvaya hai / ina patroM meM eka patra bahuta mahatvapUrNa hai| thA / duSToM ke mar3akAne meM Akara rAjA ne unheM mAtra solaha pRSThIya yaha patra 'rahasyapUrNa ciTThI' ke nAma se 4. buddhi vilAsa : bakhatarAma sAha, chandaM 1303, 13041 5. (ka) vIravANI : ToDaramala aMka pR0 285, 286 / (kha) hindI sAhitya. dvitIya khaNDa, 10 500 / / 267
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________________ prasiddha hai / yaMtra racanAtmaka zailI meM cArToM dvArA viSaya ko spaSTa kiyA hai / artha saMdRSTi adhikAra isI prakAra kI racanA hai| vivecanAtmaka zailI meM saiddhAntika viSayoM ko praznottara paddhati meM vistRta vivecana kara ke yukti va udAharaNoM se spaSTa kiyA hai| mokSamArga prakAzaka isI zreNI meM AtA hai / 'samyagjJAna candrikA' vivecanAtmaka gadyazailI meM likhI gaI hai| prArambha meM ikahattara pRSTha kI pIThikA hai| Aja navIna zailI meM sampAdita granthoM kI bhUmikA kA bar3A mahatva mAnA jAtA hai| zailI ke kSetra meM do sau bIsa varSa pUrva likhI gaI samyagjJAna candrikA kI pIThikA Adhunika bhUmikA kA AraMbhika rUpa hai. usameM halakApana kahIM bhI dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| isake par3hane se graMtha kA pUrA hArda khula jAtA hai evaM isa grantha ke par3hane meM AnevAlI pAThaka kI samasta kaThinAiyA~ dUra ho jAtI haiM / hindI AtmakathA sAhitya meM jo mahatva paMDita ToDaramalajI kI vyAkhyAtmaka TIkAe~ do mahAkavi banArasIdAsa ke arddha kathAnaka ko prApta hai, rUpoM meM pAI jAtI haiM : aa mahatva hindI bhUmikA sAhitya meM 'samyagjJAna candrikA' kI pIThikA kA hai / padyAtmaka racanAe~ do rUpoM meM upalabdha haiM : (1 ) bhakti paraka, ( 2 ) prazasti paraka / bhaktiparaka racanAoM meM gommaTasAra pUjA evaM granthoM ke Adi, madhya aura anta meM maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM prApta phuTakara padyAtmaka racanAeM haiM / granthoM ke anta meM likhI gaI paricayAtmaka prazastiyA~ prazastiparaka zra eNI meM AtI haiM / 1. saMskRta granthoM kI TIkAe~ / 2. prAkRta granthoM kI TIkAe~ / saMskRta granthoM kI TIkAe~ AtmAnuzAsana bhASA TIkA aura puruSArtha siddhayupAya bhASA TIkA hai| prAkRta granthoM meM gaummaTasAra jIvakANDa, gommaTasAra karmakANDa, labdhisAra-kSapaNAsAra aura trilokasAra haiM, jinakI bhASA TIkAe~ unhoMne likhI haiM / gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gommaTasAra karmakANDa labdhisAra aura kSapaNasAra kI bhASA TIkAe~ paMDita ToDaramalajI ne alaga-alaga banAI thIM, parantu una cAroM TIkAoM ko paraspara eka-dUsare se sambandhita evaM paraspara eka kA adhyayana dUsare ke adhyayana meM sahAyaka jAnakara unhoMne ukta cAroM TIkAoM ko milAkara eka kara diyA tathA usakA nAma "samyagjJAna candrikA " rakha diyA / mokSamArga prakAzaka paMDita ToDaramalajI kA eka mahatvapUrNa grantha hai / isa grantha kA AdhAra koI eka grantha na hokara sampUrNa jaina sAhitya hai / yaha sampUrNa jaina sAhitya ko apane meM sameTa lene kA eka sArthaka prayatna thA, para kheda hai ki yaha grantharAja pUrNa na ho sakA, anyathA yaha kahane meM saMkoca na hotA ki yadi sampUrNa jaina bAGgamaya kahIM eka jagaha sarala, subodha aura janabhASA meM dekhanA ho to mokSamArga prakAzaka ko dekha lIjie / apUrNa hone para bhI yaha apanI apUrvatA ke lie prasiddha hai / yaha eka atyanta lokapriya grantha hai jisake kaI saMskaraNa nikala cuke haiM evaM khar3I bolI meM 6. ( ka ) bAbU jJAnacandajI jaina lAhaura, (vi0 saM0 1954 ) / (kha) jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI (san 1911 ) / (ga) bAbU pannAlAlajI caudharI, vArANasI (vI0 ni0 saM0 2451 ) / (gha) amanta kIrti granthamAlA, bambaI (vI0 ni0 saM0 2463 ) / 268 (Da) sastI granthamAlA, dillI (ca) vahI / (cha) vahI / (ja) vahI /
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________________ isake anuvAda bhI kaI bAra prakAzita ho cuke haiN| yaha para jisa viSaya ko uThAyA gayA hai usake sambandha meM urdU meM bhI chapa cukA hai| marAThI aura gujarAtI meM uThanevAlI pratyeka zaMkA kA samAdhAna prastuta karane kA isake anuvAda prakAzita ho cuke haiN| abhI taka saba saphala prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| pratipAdana zailI meM manokula milAkara isakI 51200 pratiyAM chapa cukI haiN| vaijJAnikatA evaM maulikatA pAI jAtI hai| prathama zaMkA isake atirikta bhAratavarSa ke digambara jaina mandiroM ke ke samAdhAna meM dvitIya zaMkA kI utthAnikA nihita zAstra bhaNDAroM meM isa grantharAja kI hajAroM hastalikhita rahatI haiM / grantha ko par3hate samaya pAThaka ke hRdaya meM jo pratiyA~ pAI jAtI haiM / samUce samAja meM yaha svAdhyAya prazna upasthita hotA hai use hama agalI paMkti meM likhA aura pravacana kA lokapriya grantha hai| Aja bhI paMDita pAte haiN| grantha par3hate samaya pAThaka ko Age par3hane kI ToDaramalajI digambara jaina samAja meM sarvAdhika par3he jAne- utsukatA barAbara banI rahatI hai| vAle vidvAna haiN| mokSamArga prakAzaka kI mUla prati bhii| upalabdha hai| evaM usake phoTopriMTa karA lie gae haiM, vAkya racanA saMkSipta aura viSaya pratipAdana zailI jo jayapura", bambaI, dillI aura sonamar3ha meM tAkika evaM gambhIra hai| vyartha kA vistAra usameM nahIM surakSita haiN| isa para svataMtra pravacanAtmaka vyAkhyAe~ hai para vistAra ke saMkoca meM koI viSaya aspaSTa nahIM bhI milatI haiN| rahA hai| lekhaka viSaya kA yathocita vivecana karatA huA Age bar3hane ke lie sarvatra hI Atura rahA hai / jahA~ / yaha grantha vivecanAtmaka gadyazailI meM likhA gayA kahIM bhI viSaya kA vistAra huA hai vahA~ uttarottara hai| praznottaroM dvArA viSaya ko bahuta gaharAI se spaSTa navInatA AtI gaI hai| vaha viSaya vistAra sAMgopAMga kiyA gayA hai| isakA pratipAdya eka gambhIra viSaya hai. viSaya vivecanA kI preraNA se hI 7. (ka) a0 bhA0 digambara jaina saMgha, mathurA (vI. ni0 saM0 2005) / ... (kha) zrI digambara jaina svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa, sonagar3ha (vI0 ni0 saM0 2023) / (vi0 saM.. 2026) / (vi0 saM0 2030) / 8. dAtArAma ceriTebila TrasTa, darIbAkalAM, dillI (vi0 saM0 2027) / 9. (ka) zrI digambara jaina svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa, sonagar3ha (kha) mahAvIra brahamacaryAzrama, kaarNjaa|| . zrI digambara jaina mandira, dIvAna bhadIcandajI, ghIvAloM kA rAstA, jayapura / 11. vahI, jypur| 12. zrI digambara jaina sImaMdhara jinAlaya, javerI bAjAra, bambaI / zrI digambara jaina mumukSa maNDala, zrI digambara jaina mandira, dharmapurA, dehlii| 14. zrI digambara jaina svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa, sonagar3ha AdhyAtmika satpuruSa zrI kAnajI svAmI dvArA kie gaye pravacana, mokSamArga prakAzaka kI kiraNa nAma se do bhAgoM meM zrI digambara jaina svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa, sonagar3ha se hindI va gujarAtI bhASA meM kaI bAra prakAzita ho cuke haiM / 15. 269
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________________ ko unhoMne chuA usameM "kyoM" ka' praznavAcaka samApta bhI the / unakA yaha cintana samAja kI tatkAlIna pariho gayA hai / zailI aisI adbhuta hai ki eka aparicita sthitiyoM aura bar3hate hue AdhyAtmika zithilAcAra ke viSaya bhI sahaja hRdayaMgama ho jAtA hai| sandarbha meM ekadama saTIka hai| paDitajI kA sabase bar3A pradeya yaha hai ki unhoMne lokabhASA kAvyazailI meM 'rAmacarita mAnasa' likhasaMskRta, prAkRta meM nibandha AdhyAtmika tatvajJAna ko kara mahAkavi tulasIdAsa ne jo kAma kiyA, vahI kAma bhASA-gadya ke mAdhyama se vyakta kiyA aura tatva vivecana unake do sau varSa bAda gadya meM jina AdhyAtma ko lekara meM eka naI dRSTi dii| yaha navInatA unakI krAntikArI paMDita ToDaramalajI ne kiyaa| hATa meM hai| jagata ke sabhI bhautika dvandvoM se dUra rahanevAle TIkAkAra hote hue bhI paMDitajI ne gadyazailI kA nirantara AtmasAdhanA va sAhitya-sAdhanArata isa mahAnirmANa kiyA hai| DaoN. gautama ne unheM gadya nirmAtA mAnava ko jIvana kI madhyavaya meM hI sAmpradAyika svIkAra kiyA hai| unakI zailI dRSTAntayukta prazno- vidveza kA zikAra hokara jIvana se hAtha dhonA pdd'aa| taragayI tathA sugama hai / ve aisI zailI apanAte haiM jo inake vyaktitva aura katatva ke sambandha meM vizeSa na to ekadama zAstrIya hai aura na AdhyAtmika siddhiyoM aura camatkAroM se bojhila / unakI isa zailI kA jAnakArI ke lie lekhaka ke zodha prabandha "paMDita ToDaramala : vyaktitva aura katatva kA adhyayana karanA cAhiye / sarvottama nirvAha mokSamArga prakAzaka meM hai / tatkAlIna sthiti meM gadya ko AdhyAtmika cintana kA mAdhyama inako bhASA kA namUnA isa prakAra hai :-- banAnA bahuta sUjhabUjha aura zrama kA kArya thaa| unakI "tAteM bahara kahA kahie" jaise rAgAdi miTAvane zailI meM unake citaka kA caritra aura tarka kA svabhAva kA zradadhAna hoya so hI samyagdarzana hai| bahari jaise spaSTa jhAkatA hai| eka AdhyAtmika lekhaka hote hue rAgAdi miTavAne kA jAnanA hoya sohI samyajJAna hai| bhI unakI gadyazailI meM vyaktitva kA prakSepa unakI bahari jaise rAgAdi miTe sohI samyakacAritra hai| aisA maulika vizeSatA haiN| hI mokSamArga mAnanA yogya hai|18 upayukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki paMDita ToDaramala ke vala na TIkAkAra the balki AdhyAtma ke maulika vicAraka 16. prakAzaka : paMDita ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa, e-4, bApUnagara, jayapura-41 17. mokSamArga praka.ThAka, pRSTha-313 / 670