Madhya Bharat ka Jain Puratattva

Author(s): Parmanand Jain
Publisher: Z_Hajarimalmuni_Smruti_Granth_012040.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/211615/1

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zrIparamAnanda jaina, zAstrI madhyabhArata kA jaina purAtattva zramaNa saMskRti kA pratIka jainadharma prAgaitihAsika kAla se calA ArahA hai, vaha bauddha dharma se atyanta prAcIna aura svataMtra dharma hai. vedoM aura bhAgavata Adi hindU dharma-granthoM meM upalabdha jaina dharma sambandhI vivaraNoM ke samyak parizIlana se vidvAnoM ne ukta kathana kA samarthana kiyA hai. prAcIna kAla meM bhArata meM do saMskRtiyoM ke astitva kA patA calatA hai, zramaNasaMskRti aura vaidika saMskRti. mohanajodAro meM samupalabdha dhyAnastha yogiyoM kI mUrtiyoM kI prApti se jainadharma kI prAcInatA nirvivAda siddha hotI hai. vaidika yuga meM vrAtyoM aura zramaNoM kI paramparA kA pratinidhitva jainadharma ne hI kiyA thA. isa yuga meM jaina dharma ke Adipravartaka Adi brahmA AdinAtha the, jo nAbhiputra ke nAma se prasiddha haiM jinakI stuti vedoM meM kI gaI hai. inhIM AdinAtha ke putra bharata cakravartI the jinake nAma se isa deza kA nAma bhAratavarSa par3A hai. jainadharma ke darzana, sAhitya, kalA, saMskRti aura purAtatva Adi kA bhAratIya itihAsa meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai. itihAsa meM purAtattva kA kitanA mahattva hai, yaha purAtattvajJa bhalIbhAMti jAnate haiM. bhAratIya itihAsa meM madhya pradeza kA jaina purAtattva bhI kama mahattva kA nahIM hai. vahA~ para avasthita jaina sthApatya, kalAtmaka alaMkaraNa, mandira, mUrtiyA~, zilAlekha, tAmrapatra aura prazastiyoM Adi meM jainiyoM kI mahattvapUrNa sAmagrI kA aMkana milatA hai. yadyapi bhArata meM hinduoM, bauddhoM aura jainoM ke purAtattva kI pracuratA dRSTigocara hotI hai aura ye sabhI alaMkaraNa apanI-apanI dhArmikatA ke liye prasiddha haiM. parantu una saba meM kucha aise kalAtmaka alaMkaraNa bhI upalabdha hote haiM, jo apane-apane dharma kI khAsa maulikatA ko liye hue haiM. jainoM aura bauddhoM meM stUpa aura ayAgapaTa bhI milate haiM. aneka jaina stUpa galtI se bauddha batalA diye gaye haiM. ayAgapaTa bhI apanI khAsa vizeSatA ko liye hue milate haiM. jaise kaMkAlITIlA mathurA se mile haiM. ye sabhI alaMkaraNa bhAratIya purAtattva kI amUlya dena haiM. madhyapradeza ke purAtattva para dRSTi DAlane se jJAta hotA hai ki vahA~ adhika prAcIna sthApatya to nahIM milate, parantu kalacUrI aura caMdelakAlIna saundaryAbhivyaMjaka alaMkaraNa pracura mAtrA meM milate haiM. usase pUrva kI sAmagrI virala rUpa meM pAI jAtI hai, usa kAla kI sAmagrI prAyaH vinaSTa ho cukI hai, aura kucha bhUmisAt ho gaI hai. bauddhoM ke sAMcI stUpa aura tadgata sAmagrI purAnI hai. vidizA kI udayagiri guphA meM jainiyoM ke tevIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI pratimA sachatra avasthita thI, parantu vahAM aba kevala phaNa hI avaziSTa hai. mUrti kA koI patA nahIM calatA ki kahAM gaI, parantu prAcIna sAmagrI ke saMketa avazya milate haiM jinase jAnA jAtA hai ki vahAM maurya aura gupta kAla ke avazeSa milane cAhie. kitanI hI purAtana sAmagrI bhugarbha meM dabI par3I hai aura kucha khaNDaharoM meM pariNata huI sisakiyAM le rahI hai. kintu hamArA dhyAna abhI taka usake samuddharaNa kI ora nahIM gayA. jabalapura ke hanumAnatAla ke digambara jaina mandira meM sthita eka kalAtmaka mUrti zilpa kI dRSTi se atyanta sundara aura mUlyavAn hai. vaisI mUrtiyA~ mahAkauzala meM bahuta hI kama upalabdha hoMgI. usameM kalA kI sUkSma bhAvanA, udAtta evaM

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paramAnanda jaina : madhyabhArata kA jaina purAtatva : 666 gaMbhIra vicAra aura bArIka chainI kA AbhAsa usake pratyeka aMga se parilakSita hotA hai. isI taraha devagar3ha kA viSNumandira bhI guptakAlIna kalA kA sundara pratIka hai aura bhI aneka kalAtmaka alaMkaraNoM kA yatra tatra saMketa milatA hai, jo tatkAlIna kalA kI maulika dena hai. isa taraha ukta tInoM hI sampradAyoM kI purAtAttvika sAmagrI kA astittva jarUra rahA hai, parantu vartamAna meM vaha virala hI hai. madhyapradeza ke purAtAttvika sthAna aura unakA saMkSipta paricaya madhyapradeza ke khajurAhA, mahovA, devagar3ha, ahAra, madanapura, bANapura, jatArA, rAyapura, jabalapura, satanA, navAgar3ha, gvAliyara, bhilasA, bhojapura, maU, dhArA, baDavAnI aura ujjaina Adi purAtattva kI sAmagrI ke kendrasthAna haiM. ina sthAnoM kI kalAtmaka vastue~ candela aura kalacUrI kalA kA nidarzana karA rahI haiM. yadyapi madhyapradeza meM jaina zAstrabhaMDAroM ke saMkalana kI viralatA rahI hai. 5-7 sthAna hI aise milate haiM jahA~ acche zAstrabhaMDAra pAe jAte haiM. yadyapi pratyeka mandira meM thor3e bahuta grantha avazya pAye jAte haiM para acchA saMkalana nahIM milatA. isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki vahAM bhaTTArakIya paramparA kA prabhAva adhika nahIM ho pAyA hai. jahA~-jahA~ bhaTTArakIya gaddiyAM aura unake vihAra kI suvidhA rahI hai vahAM vahA~ acchA saMgraha pAyA jAtA hai. prAcIna hastalikhita granthoM kA jaisA saMkalana rAjasthAna, gujarAta, dakSiNa bhArata tathA paMjAba ke kucha sthAnoM meM pAyA jAtA hai vaisA madhya pradeza meM nahIM milatA. madhya pradeza ke jina katipaya sthAnoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai una meM se kucha sthAnoM kA yahA~ saMkSipta paricaya denA hI isa lekha kA viSaya hai. yadyapi mAlava prAnta bhI kisI samaya jaina dharma kA kendrasthala rahA hai, aura vahAM aneka sAdhu-santoM aura vidvAnoM kA jamaghaTa rahA hai| khAsakara vikrama kI 10 vIM zatAbdI se 13 vIM zatAbdI taka vahAM di0 jaina sAdhuoM Adi kA adhyayana, adhyApana tathA vihAra hotA rahA hai, aura vahA~ aneka granthoM kI racanA kI gaI hai. sAtha hI aneka prAcIna uttuMga maMdira aura mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa bhI huA hai, parantu rAjyaviplavAdi aura sAmpradAyika vyAmoha Adi se unakA saMrakSaNa nahIM ho sakA hai. ataH kitanI hI mahattva kI aitihAsika aura sAMskRtika sAmagrI vilupta ho gaI hai. jo avaziSTa baca pAI hai usakA saMrakSaNa bhI dUbhara ho gayA hai. aura bAda meM una sthAnoM meM vaisA majabUta saMgaThana nahIM bana sakA hai, jisase jaina saMskRti aura usakI mahatvapUrNa sAmagrI kA saMkalana aura saMrakSaNa kiyA jA sakatA. khajurAhA-yaha candelakAlIna utkRSTa zilpakalA kA pratIka hai. yahAM khajUra kA vRkSa hone ke kAraNa 'kharjurapura' nAma pAyA jAtA hai. khajurAhA jAne ke do mArga haiM. eka mArga-jhA~sI-mAnikapura relave lAina para harapAlapura yA mahovA se chatarapura jAnA par3atA haiM. aura dUsarA mArga-jhA~sI se bInA sAgara hote hue moTara dvArA chatarapura jAyA jAtA hai aura chatarapura se satanA jAne vAlI sar3aka para se bIsa mIla dUra vamIThA meM eka pulisa thAnA hai, vahAM se rAjanagara ko jo daza mIla mArga jAtA hai usake 7 veM mIla para khajurAhA avasthita hai. moTara harapAlapura se tIsa mIla chatarapura aura vahA~ se khajurAhA hotI huI rAjanagara jAtI hai. yahA~ bhArata kI utkRSTa sAMskRtika sthApatya aura vAstukalA ke kSetra meM candela samaya kI dedIpyamAna kalA apanA sthira prabhAva aMkita kiye hue hai. candela rAjAoM kI bhArata ko yaha asAdhAraNa dena hai. ina rAjAoM ke samaya meM hindU saMskRti ko bhI phalane-phUlane kA paryApta avasara milA hai. usa kAla meM sAMskRtika kalA aura sAhitya ke vikAsa ko prazraya milA jAna par3atA hai. yahI kAraNa hai ki usa kAla ke kalA-pratIkoM kA yadi saMkalana kiyA jAya, jo yatra-tatra bikharA par3A hai, usase na kevala prAcIna kalA kI rakSA hogI balki usa kAla kI kalA ke mahattva para bhI prakAza par3egA aura prAcIna kalA ke prati janatA kA abhinava AkarSaNa bhI hogA, kyoMki kalA kalAkAra ke jIvana kA sajIva citraNa hai. usakI Atma-sAdhanA kaThora chainI aura tattvasvarUpa ke nikhArane kA dAyitva hI usakI kartavyaniSThA evaM ekAgratA kA pratIka hai. bhAvoM kI abhivyaMjanA hI kalAkAra ke jIvana kA maulika rUpa hai, usase hI jIvana meM sphUrti aura AkarSaka zakti kI jAgRti hotI hai. uccatama kalA ke vikAsa se tatkAlIna itihAsa ke nirmANa meM paryApta sahAyatA milatI hai. Sess Jain Dante al or Plate Drop rww.janelionyy.org

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700 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : tRtIya adhyAya bundelakhaNDa meM candela aura kalacUrI Adi rAjAoM ke zAsanakAla meM jainadharma kA prabhAva sarvatra vyApta rahA hai, aura usa samaya aneka kalApUrNa mUttiyAM tathA saikar3oM mandiroM kA nirmANa bhI huA hai. khajurAho kI kalA to itihAsa meM apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhatI hI hai. yadyapi khajurAho meM kitanI hI khaNDita mUrtiyAM pAI jAtI haiM, jo sAmpradAyika vidveSa kA pariNAma jAna par3atI haiM. yahA~ mandiroM ke tIna vibhAga haiM. pazcimI samUha ziva-viSNu-mandiroM kA hai. inameM mahAdeva kA mandira hI sabase pradhAna hai aura uttarIya samUha meM bhI viSNu ke choTe bar3e mandira haiM. dakSiNa-pUrvIya bhAga jaina mandiroM ke samUha se alaMkRta hai. yahAM mahAdevajI kI eka vizAla mUtti 8 phuTa UMcI aura tIna phuTa se adhika moTI hogI. varAha avatAra bhI atIva sundara hai. usakI U~cAI sambhavataH 3 hAtha hogI. vaMgezvara maMdira bhI sundara aura unnata hai, kAlI kA mandira bhI ramaNIya hai, para mUtti meM mA~ kI mamatA kA abhAva dRSTigata hotA hai, use bhayaMkaratA se AcchAdita jo kara diyA hai, jisase usameM jagadambA kI kalpanA kA vaha mAtRtva rUpa nahIM rahA. aura na dayA kSamA hI ko koI sthAna prApta hai, jo mAnavajIvana ke khAsa aMga haiM. vahA~ ke hindUmandira para jo nirAvaraNa deviyoM ke citra utkIrNa dekhe jAte haiM unase jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya vilAsapriyatA kA atyadhika pravAha baha rahA thA. isI se zilpiyoM kI kalA meM bhI use yatheSTa prazraya milA hai. khajurAho kI nandI mUrti dakSiNa ke mandiroM meM aMkita nandI mUrtiyoM se bahuta kucha sAmya rakhatI hai. yadyapi dakSiNa kI mUrtiyAM AkAra-prakAra meM kahIM usase bar3I haiM. vartamAna meM yahAM tIna hI hindU mandira aura tIna hI jaina mandira haiM. unameM sabase prathama maMdira ghaMTAI kA hai. yaha mandira khajurAhA grAma kI ora dakSiNa pUrva kI ora avasthita hai, isake stambhoM meM ghaNTiyoM kI bela banI huI hai. isI se ise ghaNTAI kA mandira kahA jAtA hai. isa mandira kI zobhA apUrva hai. dUsarA mandira AdinAtha kA hai. yaha mandira ghaNTAI mandira ke hAte meM dakSiNa utara-pUrva kI ora avasthita hai. yaha maMdira bhI ramaNIya aura darzanIya hai. isa mandira meM pahale jo mUla nAyaka kI mUrti sthApita thI vaha kahA~ gaI, yaha kucha jJAta nahIM hotA. tIsarA mandira pArzvanAtha kA hai. yaha mandira saba mandiroM se vizAla hai. isameM pahale AdinAtha kI mUrti sthApita thI, usake gAyaba ho jAne para isameM pArzvanAtha kI mUtti sthApita kI gaI hai. isa mandira kI dIvAloM ke alaMkaraNoM meM vaidika devatAoM kI mUrtiyAM bhI utkIrNa haiM. yaha mandira atyanta darzanIya hai aura saMbhavataH dazavIM zatAbdI kA banA huA hai. isake pAsa hI zAMtinAtha kA mandira hai. ina saba mandiroM ke zikhara nAgara zailI ke bane hue haiM. aura bhI jahAM tahAM budelakhaNDa meM maMdiroM ke zikhara nAgara zailI ke bane hue milate haiM. ye maMdira apanI sthApatyakalA, nUtanatA aura vicitratA ke kAraNa AkarSaka haiM. yahAM kI mUttikalA, alaMkaraNa aura atula rUparAzi mAnava-kalpanA ko Azcarya meM DAla detI hai. ina alaMkaraNoM evaM sthApatya kalA ke namUnoM meM maMdiroM kA bAhya aura antarbhAva-vibhUSita hai. jahAM kalpanA meM sajIvatA, bhAvanA meM vicitratA tathA vicAroM kA citraNa, ina tInoM kA ekatra saMcita samUha hI mUrtikalA ke AdazoM kA namUnA hai, jinanAtha mandira ke bAhya dvAra para saMvat 1011 kA zilAlekha aMkita hai, jisase jJAta hotA hai ki yaha maMdira candela rAjA dhaMga ke rAjyakAla se pUrva banA hai. usa samaya muni vAsavacanda ke samaya meM pAhalavaMza ke eka vyakti pAhila ne, jo ghaMgarAjA ke dvArA mAnya thA, usane maMdira ko eka bAga bheMTa kiyA thA jisameM aneka vATikAe~ banI huI thIM.' zAntinAtha kA mandira-isa mandira meM eka vizAla mUtti jainiyoM ke 16veM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn zAntinAtha kI hai, jo 14 phaTa U~cI hai. yaha mutti zAnti kA pratIka hai, isakI kalA dekhate hI banatI hai. murti sAMgopAMga apane divya prazAnta rUpa meM sthita hai, aura aisI jJAta hotI hai ki zilpI ne abhI banAkara taiyAra kI ho. mUrti kitanI cittAkarSaka hai yaha lekhanI se pare kI bAta hai. zilpI kI bArIka chainI se mUrti kA nikharA huA vaha kalAtmaka rUpa darzaka ko Azcarya meM DAla detA 1. oM (iix) saMvat 1011 samaye / nijakula dhavaloyaM di Jain Ed org

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paramAnanda jaina : madhyabhArata kA jaina purAtattva : 701 hai aura vaha use apanI ora AkRSTa karatA huA use dekhane kI bAra bAra utkaNThA utpanna kara rahA hai. mUtti ke agala bagala meM aneka sundara mUrtiyAM virAjita haiM jinakI saMkhyA anumAnataH 25 se kama nahIM jAna par3atI. yahAM sahasroM mUttiyAM khaNDita haiM. sahasrakUTa caityAlaya kA nirmANa bahuta bArIkI ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai. isa maMdira ke daravAje para eka cauMtIsA yaMtra hai, jisameM saba tarapha se aMkoMko jor3ane para unakA yoga cautIsa hotA hai. yaha yaMtra bar3A upayogI hai. jaba koI bAlaka bImAra hotA hai taba usa yantra ko usake gale meM bAMdha diyA jAtA hai aisI prasiddhi hai. bhagavAn zAntinAtha kI isa mUti ke nIce nimna lekha aMkita hai, jisase spaSTa hai ki yaha mUrti vikrama kI 11 vIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa kI haiH / saM 1085 zrImAn AcAryaputra zrIThAkura devadhara suta zrI zividhIcandreyadevA: zrI zAntinAthasya pratimA kAriteti." khajurAhe kI khaMDita mUrtiyoM meM se kucha lekha nimna prakAra haiM : 1-saM0 1142 zrI AdinAthAya pratiSThAkAraka zreSThI vIvanazAha bhAryA seThAnI padmAvatI. cauthe naM0 kI vedI meM kRSNa pASANa kI hathelI aura nAsikA se khaNDita jainiyoM ke bIsaveM tIrthakara munisuvratanAtha kI eka mUrti hai. usake lekha se mAlUma hotA hai ki yaha mUrti vikrama kI 13 vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM pratiSThita huI hai. lekha meM mUlasaMgha dezIgaNa ke paMDita nAganandI ke ziSya paM0 bhAnukIti aura AryikA meruzrI dvArA pratiSThita karAye jAne kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai. vaha lekha isa prakAra hai : 'saM0 1215 mAgha sudI 5 ravI dezIyagaNe paMDita nAha [ga] nandI tacchiSyaH paMDita zrI bhAnukIti AryikA meruzrI pratinandaMtu'. isa taraha khajurAhA sthApatyakalA kI dRSTi se atyanta darzanIya hai. mahovA- isakA prAcIna nAma kAkapura,pATanapura aura mahotsava yA mahotsavapura thA. isa rAjyakA saMsthApaka caMdelavaMzI rAjA candravarmA thA jo san 800 meM huA hai. isa rAjya ke do rAjAoM kA nAma khUba prasiddha rahA hai. unakA nAma kIrtivarmA aura madanavarmA thA. IsvI san 600 ke lagabhaga rAjadhAnI khajurAhA se mahovA meM sthApita ho gaI thI. kaniMghama ne apanI riporTa meM isakA nAma 'jaMjAhuti' diyA hai. cInI yAtrI hvenasAMga ne bhI apane yAtrAvivaraNa meM, 'jainAbhukti' kA ullekha kiyA hai. yahAM kI jhIleM prasiddha haiM. yahAM nagara meM hindU aura musalamAnoM ke smAraka bhI milate haiM. jaina saMskRti kI pratIka jaina mUrtiyAM bhI yatra-tatra chitarI huI milatI haiM. kucha samaya pahale khudAI karane para yahAM bahuta-sI jaina mUrtiyA~ milI thIM, jo saMbhavataH saM0 1200 ke lagabhaga thIM. unameM se eka lalitapura kSetrapAla meM aura zeSa bAMdA meM virAjamAna haiM. yahAM eka 20 phuTa UMcA TIlA hai. vahAM se aneka khaNDita jaina mUrtiyAM milI haiM. mahovA ke Asa-pAsa ke grAmoM aura nagaroM meM bhI aneka dhvasta jainamaMdira aura mUrtiyAM upalabdha hotI haiM. una khaNDita mUrtiyoM ke AsanoM para jo choTe-choTe lekha mile haiM, unameM se kucha lekhoM kA sAra nimna prakAra hai: 1- 'saMvat 1166 rAjA jayavarmA. 2-saM0 1203. 3-zrI madanavarmA devarAjye saM0 1211 ASAr3ha su0 3 zanau deva zrIneminAtha, rUpakAra lakSmaNa. 4-sumatinAtha saM0 1213 mAgha su0 dU0 gurau, 5-saM0 1220 jeTha sudI 8 ravI 2. vyamUrtisva (zI) la sa (za) ma damaguNayukta sarva 3. satvAnukaMpo (ix) khajanitatoSo ghAMgarAjena 4. mAnyaH praNamati jinanAthoyaM bhavca (vya) pAhila (lla). 5. nAmA. (ii) 1|| pAhilavATikA 1 candravATikA. 6. laghucandravATikA 3 saM0 (zaM) karavATikA 4 paMcAi 7. taluvATikA 5 AmravATikA 65 () gavAr3I 7 (iix). 8. pAhilavaMse (ze) tukSaye kSINe aparavezo yaH kopi. 6. tiSThati (ix) tasya dAsasya dAsoyaM mamadattistu pAla-- 10. yet / / mahArAja guru strI (zrI) vAsavacandra (iix) veSa (zA) pa (kha) sudi 7 somadine. Jain Educal Intemayonal NAYA

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702 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti grantha : tRtIya adhyAya sAdhudeva gaNa tasya putra ratnapAla praNamati nityaM. 6- . tatputrAH sAdhuzrI ratnapAla tasya bhAryA sAdhA putra kIrtipAla, ajayapAla, vastupAla tathA tribhuvanapAla ajitanAthAya praNamati nityaM . ' eka lekha meM jo 'saM0 1224 ASAr3ha sudI 2 ravI' ke dina paramaddhi deva ke rAjyakAla kA hai, usameM caMdelavaMza ke rAjAoM ke nAma diye hue haiM. zrAvakoM ke nAma Upara diye gaye haiM. ina saba ullekhoM se mahovA jaina saMskRti kA kabhI kendra rahA thA. isakA AbhAsa sahaja hI ho jAtA hai. devagar3ha kA itihAsa devagar3ha - dillI se bambaI jAne vAlI relave lAina para jAkhalauna sTezana se 8 mIla kI dUrI para hai. isa nAma kA eka choTA-sA Ujar3a grAma bhI hai. isa grAma meM AbAdI bahuta thor3I sI hai. yaha vetravatI ( vetavA ) nadI ke muhAne para nIcI jagaha basA huA hai. vahAM se 300 phuTa kI U~cAI para karanAlI durga hai. jisake pazcima kI ora vetavA nadI kalakala ninAda karatI huI baha rahI hai. parvata kI U~cAI sAdhAraNa aura sIdhI hai. pahAr3a para jAne ke liye pazcima kI ora eka mArga banA huA hai, prAcIna sarovara ko pAra karane ke bAda pASANanirmita eka caur3I sar3aka milatI hai, jisake donoM ora khadira (khaira) aura sAla ke saghana chAyAdAra vRkSa milate haiM. isake bAda eka bhagna toraNa dvAra milatA hai, jise kuMjadvAra bhI kahate haiM. yaha parvata kI paridhi ko bar3he hue koTa kA dvAra hai. yaha dvAra pravezadvAra bhI kahA jAtA hai. isake bAda do jIrNa koTadvAra aura bhI milate haiM. ye donoM koTa jainamandiroM ko ghere hue haiM. inake andara devAlaya hone se ise devagar3ha kahA jAne lagA hai, kyoMki yaha devoM kA gar3ha thA parantu yaha isakA prAcIna nAma nahIM hai. isakA prAcIna nAma 'lucchagiri' yA 'lacchagiri' thA, jaisA ki zAntinAtha mandira ke sAmane vAle hAla ke eka stambha para zaka saMvat 784 (vi0 saM0 919) meM utkIrNa hue gurjara pratihAra vatsarAja Ama ke prapautra aura nAgabhaTTa dvitIya yA nAgAvaloka ke pautra mahArAjAdhirAja paramezvara rAjA bhojadeva ke zilAlekha se spaSTa hai. usa samaya yaha sthAna bhojadeva ke zAsana meM thA. isa lekha meM batalAyA hai ki zAntinAthamandira ke samIpa zrI kamaladeva nAma ke AcArya ke ziSya zrIdeva ne isa stambha ko banavAyA thA. yaha vi0 saM0 616 Azvina suda 14 bRhaspativAra ke dina bhAdrapada nakSatra ke yoga meM banAyA gayA thA. 2 vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke madhya meM isakA nAma kIrtigiri rakkhA gayA thA. parvata ke dakSiNa kI ora do sIr3hiyA~ haiM. jinako rAjaghATI aura nAhara ghATI ke nAma se pukArA jAtA hai. varSA kA saba pAnI inhIM meM calA jAtA hai. ye ghATiyA~ caTTAna se khodI gayI haiM. jina para khudAI kI kArIgarI pAyI jAtI hai. rAjaghATI ke kinAre ATha paMktiyoM kA choTA sA saM0 1954 kA eka lekha utkIrNa hai. 3 jise caMdelavaMzI rAjA kIrtivarmA ke pradhAna amAtya vatsarAja ne khudavAyA thA. Jain Bajucation yes (1) dekho, kaniMghama sarve riporTa jilda 21 pR0 73 74. (2) 1. (oM) parama bhaTTAraka) mahArAjAdhirAja paramezvara zrI bho- 2. ja deva paTTI varddhamAna - kalyANa vijaya rAjye / 3. tarapradatta - paJca mahAzabda- mahAsAmanta zrI viSNu / 4. ra ma paribhujya yA (ke) luacchagire zrI zAntamata (na) 5. (sa) nidhe zrI kamala devAcArya ziSyeNa zrIdevena kArA 6. pitaM idaM stambhaM / saMvat 616 asva ( zva) yuja0 zukla 7. pakSa caturdazyAM vRhatpiti dinena uttara bhAdra pa 8. da nakSatre idaM stambhaM samApta miti ||0|| (3) cAMdellavaMzakumudenduvizAla kIrtiH khyAto babhUva nRpa saMghanatAMtripadmaH / vidyAdharo narapati: kamalAnivAso, jAtastato vijayapAlanRpo nRpendraH || tasmAddharmapara zrImAn kIrtivarmanRpo'bhavat / yasya kIrtisudhAzubhre trailokyaM sodhatAmagAt // agadaM nUtanaM viSNumAvibhUtimavApya yam / nRpAndhi tassamAkRSTA zrIrasthairyapramArjayat || Zfor rivate & Persuades www.dine brary.org

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paramAnanda jaina : madhyabhArata kA jaina purAtattva : 703 yaha bar3A vidvAn aura parAkramI thA. isane apane zatruoM se isa pradeza-maNDala ko jItA thA aura isa durga kA nAma 'kIrtigiri' rakkhA thA. kIrtivarmA candelavaMza kA pratApI zAsaka thA aura zatrukula ko dalita karane vAlA vIra yoddhA thA, jaisA ki prabodhacandrodaya nATaka ke nimna padya se prakaTa hai: nItA kSayaM titibhujo nRpatervipakSA, rakSAvatI kSitirabhUtapra vitaramAtyai / sAmrAjyamasya vihitaM kSitipAlamauli-mAlAcitaM bhuvi payonidhimekhalAyAm / / 3 / / dUsarI nAharaghATI ke kinAre bhI eka choTA 7 paMktiyoM kA abhilekha aMkita hai. yahAM eka guphA hai, jise siddhaguphA bhI kahA jAtA hai. yaha bhI pahAr3a meM khudI huI hai. jisakA mArga pahAr3a para se sIr3hiyoM dvArA nIce jAtA hai. isake tIna dvAra haiM, do khaMbhoM para chata bhI avasthita hai. isa guphA ke andara bhI gupta samaya kA choTA-sA lekha aMkita hai, jo saMvat 606 san 552 kA batalAyA jAtA hai. isameM sUryavaMzI svAmI bhaTTa kA ullekha hai. yaha lekha guptakAlIna hai. eka dUsarA bhI lekha hai jisameM likhA hai ki rAjA vIra ne saMvat 1342 meM tuNa ko jItA thA. isa saba kathana para se jAnA jAtA hai ki isakA devagar3ha nAma vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke anta meM yA 13vIM ke prArambha meM kisI samaya huA hai. yaha sthala aneka rAjAoM ke rAjyakAla meM avasthita rahA hai. isa prAnta meM pahale sahariyoM kA rAjya thA, pazcAt gaur3a rAjAoM ne adhikAra kara liyA thA. skandagupta Adi isa vaMza ke kaI rAjAoM ke zilAlekha aba taka devagar3ha meM pAye jAte haiM. inake bAda kannauja ke bhojavaMzI rAjAoM ne isa prAnta ko apane adhikAra meM kiyA thA. isake pazcAt caMdela vaMzI rAjAoM kA isa para svAmitva rahA. san 1264 I0 meM yaha vizAlanagara thA. usa samaya yaha bahuta sundara aura sUrya ke prakAza ke samAna dedIpyamAna thA. isI vaMza ne datiyA ke kile kA nirmANa karAyA thA. lalitapura ke AsapAsa isa vaMza ke aneka lekha upalabdha hote haiM, isa vaMza kI rAjadhAnI mahobA thI. inake samaya janadharma ko pallavita hone kA acchA avasara milA thA. isa vaMza ke zAsana-samaya kI aneka kalAkRtiyAM, mandira aura jaina mUrtiyAM mahobA, ahAra, TIkamagar3ha, madanapura, nAvaI aura jakhaurA Adi sthAnoM para pAI jAtI haiM. mahArAjA sindhiyA kI ora se karnala vaiyaTisTi kiloja ne san 1621 meM devagar3ha para car3hAI kI thI. usane tIna dina varAbara lar3a kara usa para adhikAra kara liyA. caMderI ke badale meM mahArAja sindhiyA ne devagar3ha hinda-sarakAra ko de diyA thA. ho sakatA hai ki kile kI dIvAra caMdelavaMzI rAjAoM ne banavAI ho, parantu yaha nizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA. usakI moTAI 15 phuTa kI hai jo vinA sImeMTa ke kevala pASANa se banI huI hai. nadI kI ora kI hadabaMdI kI dIvAla banI hogI, to vaha gira gaI hogI, yA phira vaha banavAI hI nahIM gaI. parantu U~cAI kahIM bhI 20 phuTa se adhika nahIM hai. uttarI pazcimI kone se eka dIvAra 21 phuTa moTI hai, jo 600 phuTa taka pahAr3I ke kinAre calI gaI hai. saMbhavataH yaha dIvAra dUsare kile kI ho, jo aba vinaSTa ho cukA hai. devagar3ha kA yaha sthAna kitanA suramya aura cittAkarSaka hai, ise batalAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM. vetravadI nadI ke kinArekinAre dAhinI tarapha maidAna atyanta DhAlU ho gayA hai. pahAr3a kI vikaTa ghATI meM ukta saritA sahasA pazcima kI ora mur3a jAtI hai. vahAM kI prAkRtika suSamA aura kalAtmaka sauMdarya donoM hI apanI anupama chaTA pradarzita karate haiM. vahAM darzakoM ko baibhava kI asAratA ke spaSTa darzana hote haiM. jo spaSTa sUcita kara rahe haiM ki he pAmara nara ! tU vaibhava ke ahaMkAra meM itanA kyoM iThalA rahA hai ? eka samaya thA jaba hama bhI garva meM iThalA rahe the. usa samaya hameM bhAvI pari rAjoDumadhyagatacandranibhasya yasya, nUnaM yudhiSThira-ziva-rAmacandraH / ete prasannaguNaratnanidhauM niviSTA, yattad guNaprakararatnamaye zarIre / / tadIyAmAtyamantrI do ramaNIparavinirgataH / vatsarAjeti vikhyAta zrImAnmahIdharAtmajaH / / khyAto babhUva kila mantrapadaikamAtra, bAcaspatistadiha mantraguNerubhAsyAm / / yo'yaM samastamapi maNDalamAzu zatrorAcchidya kIrtigiridurgamidaM vyavatte / / saMvat 1154 caitra badi 2 budhau, (devagar3ha zilAlekha) org

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704 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti grantha : tRtIya adhyAya vartanoM kA koI AbhAsa nahIM thA, kintu durdaiva ke kAraNa hamArI yaha avanata avasthA huI hai. ataH tU aba bhI samajha aura sAvadhAna ho. vindhya parvatamAlAkI saghana vanAcchAdita suramya upasthalI meM yaha puNyakSetra jIvanadAyinI salilA vetravatI se saTI huI Der3hado mIla lambI pahAr3I ke Upara eka caukora lambe maidAna ke bhAga meM phailA huA paga paga para anupama sAMskRtika jIvanakalA kI vibhUtiyoM ke manamohaka dRzya upasthita karatA hai. jisameM tallIna hokara eka bAra darzaka harSa viSAda, sukhaduHkha, moha-matsara kAma Adi ke saMskAra rUpI bandhanoM se mukta hokara prakRti kI goda meM vilIna sA ho jAtA hai aura apane sAre ahaMkAramaya aihika astitva ko bhUla kara apane Apa ko nyUnatama se nyUnatama rajakaNa se bhI tuccha pAtA hai. prazAnta mUrtiyAM, vedikA, stambha, toraNa, dIvAreM aura anya kalAtmaka alaMkaraNa, jo yazasvI zilpiyoM dvArA camatkArapUrNa sAmagrI nimita kI gaI hai vaha apanI mUka preraNA dvArA bhinna-bhinna vicAra-mudrAoM meM AdhyAtmika jIvana kI jhAMkI kA sandeza prastuta karatI hai. kahIM nAmatkArika mUrti nirmANakalA ke chiTakate hue sauMdarya se dedIpyamAna pratIkoM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kI vizAlakAya mUrtiyoM aura agaNita ahaMtoM kI vicArapreraka mudrAoM vAle pratibimba usa vanasthalI kI stabdha zAMti ke mUka svara meM Anandavibhora dikhAI dete haiM aura kahIM cakrezvarI, padmAvatI, jvAlAmAlinI, sarasvatI Adi jinazAsanarakSikA deviyoM kI mudrAeM, adbhuta bhAvapreraka aneka deviyoM ke alaMkRta avayava apanI bhAva-bhaMgiyoM se mAno supamA hI ula rahe haiM. guptakAlIna maMdira - kile ke dakSiNa-pazcimI kone para varAha kA prAcIna mandira saMhitAvasthA meM maujUda hai. usake nirmANa ke sambandha meM nizcita kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA. nIce ke maidAna meM guptakAlIna viSNumandira banA huA hai, yaha pUrNa rUpa se surakSita hai, bhAratIya kalAvida isake kAraNa hI devagar3ha se paricita haiM. yaha mandira gupta kAla ke bAda kisI samaya banA hai. kahA jAtA hai ki guptakAla meM maMdiroM ke zikhara nahIM banAye jAte the, parantu isameM zikhara hone ke zihna maujUda haiM. mAlUma hotA hai ki isakA zikhara khaMDita ho gayA hai. yaha maMdira jina pASANakhaNDoM se banA hai, ve atyanta kalApUrNa aura sundara haiM. isa maMdira kI kalA ke sambandha meM prasiddha aitihAsika vidvAn smitha sAhaba kahate haiM kidevagar3ha meM guptakAla kA sabase adhika mahattvapUrNa aura AkarSaka sthApatya hai vaha devagar3ha kA patthara kA banA huA eka choTA sA maMdira hai. yaha IzA chaThI athavA pAMcavIM zatAbdI kA banA hai. isa maMdira kI dIvAroM para jo prastaraphalaka lage haiM unameM bhAratIya mUrtikalA ke kucha bahuta hI bar3hiyA namUne aMkita haiM. isa maMdira kI khudAI ke samaya jo mUrtiyAM milIM, unameM se eka meM paMcavaTI kA vaha dRzya aMkita hai jahAM lakSmaNa ne rAvaNa kI bahana sUrpanakhA kI nAka kATI thI. anya eka pASANa meM rAma aura sugrIva ke paraspara milana kA apUrva dRzya aMkita hai. eka anya patthara meM rAma lakSmaNa kA zabarI ke Azrama meM jAne kA dRzya dikhAyA gayA hai. isI taraha ke anya dRzya bhI rahe hoMge. rAmAyaNa kI kathA ke yaha dRzya anyatra mere avalokana meM nahIM Aye. yahIM para nArAyaNa kI mUrti hai. aura eka patthara meM gajendramokSa kA dRzya bhI utkIrNa hai. dakSiNa kI ora dIvAra meM zeSazAyI viSNu kI mUrti hai, jo bar3e AkAra ke lAla patthara meM khodI gaI hai. isase yaha maMdira bhI apanA vizeSa mahattva rakhatA hai' jaina mandira aura mUrtikalA:-- devagar3ha meM isa samaya 31 jaina mandira haiM jinakI sthApatyakalA madhyabhArata kI apUrva dena hai. inameM se naM0 4 ke mandira meM tIrthaMkara kI mAtA sotI huI svapnAvasthA meM vicAra-magna mudrA meM dikhalAI gaI hai. naM0 1. dekho, bhAratIya purAtatva kI riporTa dayArAma sAhanI. 2. The most important and interesting stone temple of Gupta age is one of moderate dimensions at Deogarh, which may be assigned to the first half of sixth or perhaps to the fifth Century. The panels of the walls contain some of the finest specimens of Indian sculpture. prary.org

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paramAnanda jaina : madhyabhArata kA jaina purAtattva : 705 5 kA maMdira sahasrakUTa caityAlaya hai jisakI kalApUrNa mUrtiyA~ apUrva dRzya dikhalAtI haiM. isa mandira ke cAroM ora 1008 pratimAeM khudI haiM. bAhara saM0 1120 kA lekha bhI utkINita hai, jo sambhavata: isa mandira ke nirmANakAla kA hI dyotaka hai. naM0 11 ke mandira meM do zilAoM para caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI bAraha-bAraha pratimAeM aMkita haiM. ye sabhI mUrtiyAM prazAnta mudrA ko liye hue haiM. ina saba mandiroM meM sabase vizAla mandira naM 12 hai, jo zAMtinAtha mandira ke nAma se prasiddha hai. jisake cAroM ora aneka kalAkRtiyAM aura citra aMkita haiM. isameM zAntinAtha bhagavAna kI 12 phuTa uttuMga pratimA virAjamAna hai, jo darzaka ko apanI ora AkRSTa karatI hai. aura cAroM konoM para ambikA devI ko cAra mUrtiyAM haiM, jo mUrtikalA ke guNoM se samanvita haiM. isa mandira kI bAharI dIvAla para jo 24 yakSa yakSiNiyoM kI sundara kalAkRtiyA~ banI huI haiM, inakI AkRtiyoM se bhavyatA TapakatI hai. sAtha hI 18 lipiyoM vAlA lekha bhI varAmade meM utkINita hai. ina saba kAraNoM se yaha mandira apanI sAnI nahIM rakhatA. devagar3ha ke jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa, uttara bhArata meM vikasita AryanAgara zailI meM huA hai. yaha dakSiNa kI dravir3a zailI se atyanta bhinna hai. nAgara zailI kA vikAsa guptakAla meM huA hai. devagar3ha meM to ukta zaMlI kA vikAsa pAyA hI jAtA hai kintu khajurAho Adi ke jaina mandiroM meM bhI isI kalA kA vikAsa dekhA jAtA hai. yaha kalA pUrNarUpa se bhAratIya hai aura prAgmuslimakAlIna hai. itanA hI, nahIM, kintu samasta madhya prAnta kI kalA isI nAgara zelI se ota-prota hai. isa kalA ko gupta, gurjara pratihAra aura caMdela vaMzI rAjAoM ke rAjya kAla meM pallavita aura vikasita hone kA avasara milA hai. devagar3ha kI bhUtiyoM meM do prakAra kI kalA dekhI jAtI hai. prathama prakAra kI kalA meM kalAkRtiyAM apane parikaroM se akita dekho jAtI haiM, jaise camaradhArI yakSa yakSaNiyAM. sampUrNa prastarAkAra kRti meM nIce tIrthaMkara kA vistRta Asana aura donoM pAvoM meM yakSAdi abhiSeka-kalaza lie hue dikhalAye gaye haiM. kintu dUsare prakAra kI kalA mukhya mUrti para hI aMkita hai, usameM anya alaMkaraNa aura kalAkRtiyA~ gauNa ho gaI haiM. mAlUma hotA hai isa yuga meM sAmpradAyika vidveSa nahIM thA, aura na dharmAndhatA hI thI, isIse isa yuga meM bhAratIya kalA kA vikAsa jainoM, vaiSNavoM aura zaivoM meM nirvirodha huA hai. prastuta devagar3ha jaina aura hiMdU saMskRti kA sandhisthala rahA hai. tIrthaMkaramUrtiyAM, sarasvatI kI mUrti, paMca parameSThiyoM kI mUrtiyA~, kalApUrNa mAnastambha, aneka zilAlekha, aura paurANika dRzya aMkita haiM. sAtha hI barAha kA maMdira, guphA meM zivaliMga, sUrya bhagavAn kI mudrA, gaNeza mUrti, bhArata ke paurANika dRzya, gajendramokSa Adi kalAtmaka sAmagrI devagar3ha kI mahattA kI dyotaka hai. bhAratIya purAtattvavibhAga ko devagar3ha se 200 zilAlekha mile haiM jo jaina mandiroM, mUrtiyoM aura guphAoM Adi meM aMkita haiM. ina meM sATha zilAlekha aise haiM jinameM samaya kA ullekha diyA huA hai. ye zilAlekha saM0 606 se 1876 taka ke upalabdha haiM. inameM saM0 606 san 552 kA lekha nAharaghATI se prApta huA thA, isameM sUryavaMzI svAmI bhaTTa kA ullekha haiM. saM0 116 kA zilAlekha jaina saMskRti kI dRSTi se prAcIna hai. isa lekha meM bhoja deva ke samaya paMca mahAzabda prApta mahAsAmanta viSNurAma ke zAsana meM isa luacchagiri ke zAntinAtha maMdira ke nikaTa goSThika vajuA dvArA nirmita mAnastabha AcArya kamaladeva ke ziSya AcArya zrIdeva dvArA vi0 saM0 616 Azvina 14 vRhaspativAra ke dina uttarAbhAdrapada nakSatra meM pratiSThita kiyA gayA thA. isI taraha anya choTe choTe lekha bhI jaina saMskRti kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa haiM. isa taraha devagar3ha madhyapradeza kI apUrva dena hai. ahAra kSetra:- budelakhaNDa meM khajurAho kI taraha ahAra kSetra bhI eka aitihAsika sthAna hai. devagar3ha kI taraha yahA~ prAcIna mUrtiyAM aura lekha pAye jAte haiM. upalabdha mUrtiyoM ke zilAlekhoM se jAna par3atA hai ki vikrama kI 11 vIM se 13 vIM zatAbdI taka ke lekhoM meM ahAra kI prAcIna bastI kA nAma 'madanezasAgarapura' thA.' aura usake zAsaka zrI madanavarmA 1.saM01208 aura 1237 ke lekhoM meM madanezasAgarapura kA nAmAMkana huA hai; dekho, anekAnta varSa ki010 pRSTha 385-6. JainEdiplomen amenorary.org

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706 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : tRtIya adhyAya the, jo caMdelavaMza ke yazasvI nakSatra the. isa nagara ke pAsa jo vizAla sarovara banA huA hai vaha vartamAna 'madanasAgara nAma se prasiddha hai. isake kinAre aneka pratiSThA-mahotsava sampanna hue haiM. madanavarmA kA zAsana vikrama kI 11 vIM zatAbdI meM vidyamAna thA. usake bAda hI kisI samaya isakA nAma 'ahAra' prasiddha huA hogA. yahA~ ke upalabdha mUrtilekhoM meM khaMDelavAla, jaisavAla, meDavAla, lamecu, paurapATa (paravAra) gRhapati, golApUrva, golArADa, avadhapuriyA aura gargarAT Adi aneka upajAtiyoM ke ullekha milate haiM, jo unakI dhArmika ruci ke dyotaka haiM. unase yaha bhI spaSTa jAnA jAtA hai ki usa kAla meM yaha khUba sampanna rahA hogA. kyoMki vahA~ vividha upajAtiyoM ke jaina jana rahate the aura gRhasthocita SaTkarmoM kA pAlana karate the. aitihAsika dRSTi se yaha bAta atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai ki yaha sthAna 700 varSoM taka jaina saMskRti ke AcAra-vicAroM se paripUrNa rahA hai, kyoMki yahA~ vi0 saM0 1123 aura 1166 se lekara vi0 saM0 1968 taka kI prAcIna mUrtiyA~ aura lekha upalabdha hote haiM. ye saba lekha aitihAsika tathyoM se paripUrNa haiM aura atIta ke gaurava kI apUrva jhAMkI prastuta karate haiM. yadi vahA~ khudAI karAI jAya to saMbhavataH aura bhI purAtana jaina saMskRti ke avazeSa prApta ho sakate haiM. ina lekhoM meM sabase adhika lekha jaisavAloM aura golApUrvo ke pAye jAte haiM. unase una jAtiyoMke dharma-prema kI jhalaka milatI hai. saMvat 1213 ke eka lekha meM bhaTTAraka mANikyadeva tathA guNyadeva kA nAma utkIrNa hai. aura saM0 1216 ke lekha meM zrIsAgarasena saiddhAMtika, AyikA jayazrI aura celI ratanazrI kA ullekha hai. saM0 1216 ke eka dUsare lekha meM kuTakAnvayI paMDita lakSmaNadeva ziSya Arya deva AryikA lakSmazrI celI cAritrazrI aura bhrAtA limbadeva kA nAma aMkita hai. saM0 1216 ke eka tIsare lekha meM kuTakAnvaya paMDita maMgaladeva, aura unake ziSya bha0 padmadeva kA nAmAMkana hai. saM0 1548 ke lekha meM bhaTTAraka 'jinacanda' aura zAha jIvarAja pApaDIvAla kA nAmollekha hai. 1502 ke eka lekha meM bha0 guNakIti ke paTTadhara malayakIrti ke dvArA pratiSThA karAne kA bhI ullekha pAyA jAtA hai.' isI taraha anya aneka lekhoM meM jo vidvAnoM bhaTTArakoM yA zrAvaka zrAvikAoM ke nAma kA aMkana milatA hai, vaha itihAsa kI dRSTi meM mahattvapUrNa hai. ahAra kSetra meM bhagavAna zAMtinAtha kI pratiSThA karAne vAlA gRhapati vaMza jainadharma kA anuyAyI thA. jainadharma kI paramparA usake vaMza meM pahale se calI A rahI thI, kyoMki isa vaMza ke devapAla ne bANapura ke sahasrakUTa caityAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA thA. aisA zAMtinAtha kI mUrti ke saM0 1237 ke lekha ke prathama padya se prakaTa haiM.2 bANapura kA ukta jinAlaya kaba banA yaha nizcita nahIM hai kintu saM0 1237 ke lekha meM jo ullekha hai usase pahale banA hai. lekha meM prayukta devapAla, ratnapAla, ralhaNa galhaNa jAhaDa aura udayacanda kA nAma AtA hai. galhaNa ne zAntinAtha kA caityAlaya banavAyA thA aura dUsarA caityAlaya madanasAgarapura meM nirmANa karAyA thA aura inake putra jAhaDa aura udayacandra ne isa mUrti kA nirmANa karAyA hai. isase isa kuTumba kI dhArmika pariNati kA kitanA hI abhAsa mila jAtA hai aura yaha spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki isa kuTumba meM maMdira-nirmANa Adi kA kArya paramparAgata thA. prastuta madanasAgarapura kA nAma AhAra kyoM aura kaise par3A, yaha vicAraNIya hai. ahAra ke ukta mUrti lekhoM meM pANA sAha kA koI ullekha nahIM hai. phira yaha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ki mandirAdi kA nirmANa unake dvArA huA hai. aura muni ko AhAra dene se isakA nAma 'ahAra' huA hai. isa sambandha meM aitihAsika pramANoM kA anveSaNa karanA jarUrI hai jisase tathya prakAza meM A sakeM. isa taraha madaneza sAgarapura aura ahAra jaina saMskRti ke kendra rahe haiM. bAnapura AhAra kSetra se 3-4 mIla kI dUrI para avasthita hai. yaha bhI eka prAcIna sthAna hai. jatArA grAma bhI 12-13vIM sadI ke gauravase uddIpita hai, vahA~ bhI jainadharma kI vizeSa pratiSThA rahI hai. 1. dekho anekAnta varSa 6 kiraNa 10 tathA varSa 10 kiraNa 1, 2, 3, Adi meM prakAzita ahAra ke lekha. 2. gRhapativaMzasaroruha-sahasrarazmiH sahasrakUTa yaH / bANapure vyAdhitAsAta zrImAniha devapAla iti / / BEROSENESESEISNESENHOENENENISINOSESINOSE Jain Ed Ly.org

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paramAnanda jaina : madhyabhArata kA jaina purAtatva : 707 gvAliyara ke kile kA itihAsa-jaina sAhitya meM vartamAna gvAliyara kA ullekha gopAyalu, gopAdri, gopagiri, gopAcala aura gopAlagar3ha Adi nAmoM se kiyA gayA hai. gvAliyara kI isa prasiddhi kA kAraNa jahA~ usakA purAtana durga (kilA) hai. vahA~ bhAratIya (hindU, bauddha aura jainiyoM ke) purAtattva kI prAcIna evaM vipula sAmagrI kI upalabdhi bhI hai. bhAratIya itihAsa meM gvAliyara kA sthAna bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai. vahAM para prAcIna avazeSoM kI kamI nahIM hai. usake prasiddha sUboM aura kiloM meM itihAsa kI mahattvapUrNa sAmagrI upalabdha hotI hai. gvAliyara kA yaha kilA pahAr3a kI eka caTTAna para sthita hai. yaha pahAr3a Der3ha mIla lambA aura 300 gaja caur3A hai. isake Upara baluA patthara kI caTTAneM haiM, unakI nukIlI coTiyA~ nikalI huI haiM, jinase kile kI prAkRtika dIvAra bana gaI hai. kahA jAtA hai ki ise sUrajasena nAma ke rAjA ne banavAyA thA. vahA~ 'gvAliya' nAma kA eka sAdhu rahatA thA, jisane rAjA sUrajasena ke kuSTa roga ko dUra kiyA thA. ataH usakI smRti meM hI gvAliyara nAma prasiddhi ko prApta huA hai. para isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki gvAliyara ke isa kile kA astitva vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM thA, kyoMki gvAliyara kI pahAr3I para sthita 'mAtracetA' dvArA nirmApita sUryamandira ke zilAlekha meM ukta durga kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai. dUsare, kile meM sthita caturbhuja mandira ke vi0 saM0 632-33 ke do zilAvAkyoM meM bhI ukta durga kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai. hA~, zilAlekhoM se isa bAta kA patA jarUra calatA hai ki uttara bhArata ke pratihAra rAjA mihira bhoja ne jIta kara ise apane rAjya kannauja meM zAmila kara liyA thA aura use vikrama kI 11 vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM kacchapaghaTa yA kachavAhA vaMza ke vajradAman nAma ke rAjA ne, jisakA rAjya zAsana 1007 se 1037 taka rahA hai aura jo jainadharma kA zraddhAlu thA, usane saM0 1034 meM eka jaina mUrti kI pratiSThA bhI karavAI thI. usa mUrti kI pITha para jo lekha' aMkita hai usase usakI jainadharma meM AsthA honA pramANita hai. isa vaMza ke anya rAjAoM ne jaina dharmake saMrakSaNa, pracAra evaM prasAra karane meM kyA kucha sahayoga diyA, yaha bAta avazya vicAraNIya hai aura anveSaNIya hai. kannauja ke pratihAra vaMzI rAjA se gvAliyara ko jIta kara usa para apanA adhikAra kara liyA thA. isa vaMza ke maMgalarAja, kIrtirAja, bhuvanapAla, devapAla, padmapAla, sUryapAla, mahIpAla, bhuvanapAla aura madhusUdanAdi anya rAjAoM ne gvAliyara para lagabhaga do-sau varSa taka apanA zAsana kiyA hai, kintu bAda meM puna: pratihAra vaMza kI dvitIya zAkhA ke rAjAoM kA usa para adhikAra ho gayA thA. parantu vi0 saMvat 1246 meM dillI ke zAsaka altamasa ne gvAliyara para gherA DAla kara durga kA vinAza kiyA. usa samaya rAjapUtoM ne apane zaurya kA paricaya diyA parantu muTThI bhara rAjapUta usa vizAla senA se kaba taka lohA lete ? Akhira rAjapUtoM ne apanI Ana kI rakSA ke hita yuddha meM mara jAnA hI zreSTha samajhA, aura rAjapUtaniyoM ne 'jauhara' dvArA apane satItva kA paricaya diyA. ve agni kI vizAla jvAlA meM bhasma ho gaI aura rAjapUta apanI vIratA kA paricaya dete hue vIragati ko prApta hue. kile para altamasa kA adhikAra ho gayA. san 1398 (vi0 saM01455) meM taimUralaMga ne bhArata para jaba AkramaNa kiyA, taba avasara pAkara tomaravaMzI vIrasiMha nAma ke eka saradAra ne gvAliyara para adhikAra kara liyA aura vaha ukta vaMza ke AdhIna san 1536 (vi0 saMvat 1563) taka rahA. isa kSatriya vaMza ke aneka rAjAoM ne (san 1398 se 1536 taka) gvAliyara para zAsana kiyA hai. unake nAma vIrasiMha uddharaNadeva, vikramadeva (vIramadeva), gaNapatideva, DUMgarasiMha, kItisiMha, kalyANamala mAnasiMha, vikramazAha, rAmasAha, zAlivAhana aura inake do putra (zyAmasAha aura mitrasena') haiM. lagabhaga do sau varSa ke isa rAjyakAla meM jainadharma ko phalane, phUlanekA acchA avasara milA hai. ina sabhI rAjAoMkI sahAnubhUti jainadharma, janasAdhuoM aura jainAcAra para rahI hai 1. saMvat 1034 zrI bajradAma mahArAjAdhirAja vaikhAsa vadi pAcami. dekho, janarala eziyATika sosAyaTI Apha baMgAla pR0 410-511. 2. yaha mitrasena zAha jalAluddIna ke samakAlIna the. inakA vi0 saM0 1688 kA eka zilAlekha baMgAla eziyATika sosAyaTI ke janarala bhA08 pR0665 meM rohatAsa durga ke kothai Tiya phATaka ke Upara kI pariyA para tomara mitrasena kA zilAlekha jise kanyadeva ke putra zivadeva ne saMkalita kiyA thA. min doll SHEE ANANININENENININANDININENENINANINNINorg

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708 : muni zrI hajArImala smRti grantha : tRtIya adhyAya rAjA DUMgarasiMha aura kIrtisiMha kI AsthA jainadharma para pUrNa rUpa se rahI hai. tatkAlIna vidvAn bhaTTArakoM kA prabhAva ina para aMkita rahA hai. yadyapi tomara vaMza ke pUrva bhI kachavAha aura pratihAra vaMza ke rAjAoM ke rAjyakAla meM bhI gvAliyara aura pArzvavartI ilAkoM meM jaina dharma kA sUrya camaka rahA thA. parantu tomara vaMza ke samaya dharma kI vizeSa abhivRddhi huI. rAjA vikramasiMha yA vIramadeva ke samaya jaisavAla vaMzI seTha kuzarAja unake maMtrI the, jo jaina dharma ke anuyAyI aura zrAvaka ke vratoM kA anuSThAna karate the. inakI preraNA aura bhaTTAraka guNakIrti ke Adeza se padmanAbha kAyastha ne, jo jaina dharma para zraddhA rakhatA thA, yazodharacarita kI racanA kI thI. ' gvAliyara aura usake Asa-pAsa ke jaina purAtattva aura vidvAn bhaTTArakoM tathA kaviyoM kI grantharacanAoM kA avalokana karane se spaSTa patA calatA hai ki vahAM jainadharma ukta samaya meM khUba pallavita rahA. gvAliyara usa samaya usakA kendrasthala banA huA thA. vahA~ 36 jAtiyoM kA nivAsa thA para paraspara meM virodha nahIM thA. jaina janatA apanI dhArmika pariNati, udAratA, kartavyaparAyaNatA, deva guru-zAstra kI bhakti aura dAnadharmAdi kAryoM meM sotsAha bhAga letI thI. usI kA prabhAva thA ki jaina dharma aura usakI anuyAyI janatA para sabakA vAtsalya banA huA thA. usa samaya aneka jaina rAjakIya uccapadoM para sevAkArya karate the. jo rAjya ke saMrakSaNa para sadA dRSTi rakhate the. vartamAna meM bhI jainiyoM kI vahA~ acchI saMkhyA hai. khAsa kara rAjA DUMgarasiMha aura kIrtisiMha ke zAsanakAla meM (vi0 saM0 1481 se saM0 1536 taka ) 33 varSa paryanta kile meM jaina mUrtiyoM kI khudAI kA kArya calA hai. pitA aura putra donoM ne hI bar3I AsthA se usameM sahayoga diyA thA. aneka pratiSThotsava sampanna kiye the. donoM ke rAjyakAla meM pratiSThita mUrtiyAM gvAliyara meM atyadhika pAI jAtI haiM, jinameM saM0 1467 se 1525 taka ke lekha bhI aMkita milate haiM. grantha racanA bhI usa samaya adhika huI hai. devabhakti ke sAtha zrutibhakti kA paryApta pracAra rahA hai. vahA~ ke eka seTha padmasiMha ne jahA~ aneka jinAlayoM, mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa evaM pratiSThotsava sampanna karAyA thA, vaha jinabhakti se prerita hokara eka lakSa grantha likhavAkara tatkAlIna jaina sAdhuoM aura jaina mandiroM ke zAstra bhaNDAroM ko pradAna kiye the. aisA AdipurANa kI saM0 1521 kI eka lipi prazasti se jAnA jAtA hai. ina saba kAryoM se usa samaya kI dhArmika janatA ke AcAra-vicAroM kA aura sAmAjika pravRttiyoM kA sahaja hI parijJAna ho jAtA hai. usa samaya ke kavi raddadhU ne apane pArzvapurANa kI Adyanta prazasti meM usa samaya ke jainiyoM kI sAmAjika aura dhArmika pariNati kA sundara citraNa kiyA hai. san 1536 ke bAda durga para ibrAhIma lodI kA adhikAra ho gayA. musalamAnoM ne apane zAsanakAla meM ukta kile ko kaidakhAnA hI banA kara rakkhA pazcAt durga para mugaloM kA adhikAra ho gayA. jaba bAbara usa durga ko dekhane ke liye gayA, taba usane uravAhI dvAra ke donoM ora caTTAnoM para utkIrNa kI huI una nagna digambara jaina mUrtiyoM ke vinAza karane kI AjJA de dI. yaha usakA kArya kitanA nRzaMsa evaM ghRNApUrNa thA, ise batalAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM. san 1891 meM durga para marAThoM kA adhikAra ho gayA, taba se unhIM kA zAsana rahA aura aba svataMtra bhArata meM madhyapradeza kA zAsana cala rahA hai. jaina mandira aura mUrtiyAM : kile meM kaI jagaha jaina mUrtiyAM khudI huI hai kilA kalA kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai. isa kile meM se zahara ke liye eka sar3aka jAtI hai. isa sar3aka ke kinAre donoM ora vizAla caTTAnoM para utkIrNa huI kucha jaMgamUrtiyAM aMkita hai. ye saba mUrtiyA~ pASANoM kI karkaza caTTAnoM ko khoda kara banAI gaI haiM. kile meM hAvI daravAjA aura sAsa-bahU ke mandiroM ke madhya meM eka jaina mandira hai jise mugalazAsanakAla meM eka masjida ke rUpa meM badala diyA gayA thA. khudAI karane para nIce eka kamarA milA hai jisameM kaI nagna jaina mUrtiyA~ haiM aura eka lekha bhI san 1908 1. dekho, 'yazodhara carita aura padmanAbha kAyastha' nAmaka lekha anekAnta varSe 10. 2. dekho, bAbara kA Atmacarita. Jain gonnacoral & Use Y wwww.sonellary.org

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paramAnanda jaina : madhyabhArata kA jaina purAtatva : 709 (vi0 saM0 1165) kA hai. ye mUrtiyA~ kAyotsarga tathA padmAsana donoM prakAra kI haiM. uttara kI vedI meM sAta phaNa sahita bhagavAn zrIpArzvanAtha kI sundara padmAsana mUrti hai. dakSiNa kI bhIMta para bhI pAMca vediyA~ haiM jinameM se do ke sthAna rikta haiM. jAna par3atA hai ki unakI mUrtiyA~ vinaSTa kara dI gaI haiM. uttara kI vedI meM do nagna kAyotsarga mUrtiyA~ abhI bhI maujUda haiM. aura madhya meM 6 phuTa 8 iMca lambA Asana eka jaina mUrti kA hai. dakSiNI vedI para bhI do papAsana nagna mUrtiyA~ virAjamAna haiM. durga kI urvAhI dvAra kI mUrtiyoM meM bhagavAn AdinAtha kI mUrti sabase vizAla hai. usake pairoM kI lambAI nau phuTa hai aura isa taraha pairoM se tIna cAra guNI UMcI hai. mUrti kI kula UMcAI 57 phITa se kama nahIM hai. zvetAmbarIya vidvAn muni zIlavijaya aura saubhAgyavijaya ne apanI-apanI tIrthamAlA meM isa mUrti kA pramANa bAvana gaja batalAyA hai.' jo kisI taraha bhI sambhava nahIM hai. aura bAbara ne apane Atmacarita meM isa mUrti ko karIba 40 phITa UMcA batalAyA hai, vaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai. kucha khaNDita mUrtiyoM kI bAda meM sarakAra kI ora se marammata karA dI gaI hai, phira bhI unameM kI adhikAMza mUrtiyA~ akhaNDita maujUda haiM. bAbA bAvar3I aura jaina mUrtiyA~ :-gvAliyara se lazkara jAte samaya bIca meM eka mIla ke phAsale para 'bAbA vAvar3I' ke nAma se prasiddha eka sthAna hai. sar3aka se karIba DeDha phalA~ga calane aura kucha UMcAI car3hane para kile ke nIce pahAr3a kI vizAla caTTAnoM ko kATa kara bahuta sI padmAsana tathA kAyotsarga mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa kI gaI haiM. ye mUrtiyA~ sthApatya kalA kI dRSTi se anamola haiM. itanI bar3I padmAsana mUrtiyA~ mere dekhane meM anyatra nahIM AI. bAvar3I ke bagala meM dAhinI ora eka vizAla khaDgAsana mUrti hai. usake nIce eka vizAla zilAlekha bhI lagA huA hai, jisase mAlUma hotA hai ki isa mUrti kI pratiSThA vi0 saMvat 1525 meM tomara vaMzIya rAjA DUMgarasiMha ke putra kIrtisiMha ke rAjyakAla meM huI hai. kheda hai ki ina sabhI mUrtiyoM ke mukha prAyaH khaMDita haiM. yaha muslimayuga ke dhArmika vidveSa kA pariNAma jAna par3atA hai. ina mUrtiyoM kI kevala mukhAkRti ko hI nahIM bigAr3A gayA kintu kisI kisI mUrti ke hAtha-paira bhI khaNDita kara diye gaye haiM. itanA hI nahIM kintu vidveSiyoM ne kitanI hI mUrtiyoM ko gArA-miTTI se bhI cinavA diyA thA aura sAmane kI vizAla mUrti ko gArA miTTI se chApa kara use eka kabra kA rUpa bhI de diyA thA. parantu sitambara san 1847 ke daMge ke samaya unase ukta sthAna kI prApti huI hai. saMgrahAlaya :-gvAliyara ke kile meM eka acchA saMgrahAlaya hai jisameM hindU, jaina aura bauddhoM ke prAcIna avazeSoM, mUrtiyoM, zilAlekhoM aura sikkoM Adi kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai. isameM jainiyoM kI guptakAlIna khaDgAsana mUrti bhI rakkhI huI hai, jo kalAtmaka hai aura darzaka ko apanI ora AkRSTa karatI hai. isI meM saM0 1318 kA bhImapura kA mahattvapUrNa zilAlekha bhI hai. gvAliyara ke AsapAsa upalabdha aitihAsika sAmagrI dUba kuNDa ke zilAlekha :-dUba kuNDa kA dUsarA nAma 'caDobha' hai. yaha sthAna kisI samaya jaina saMskRti kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna thA. yahA~ kacchapaghaTa (kachavAhA) vaMza ke zAsakoM ke samaya meM bhI jaina maMdira maujUda the, aura nUtana mandiroM kA bhI nirmANa huA thA, sAtha hI zilAlekha meM ullikhita lADa-bAgaDa gaNa ke devasena, kulabhUSaNa, durlabhasena, aMvarasena aura zAMtiSeNa ina pAMca digambara jainAcAryoM kA samullekha pAyA jAtA hai jo ukta prazasti ke lekhaka evaM zaMtiSeNa ke ziSya vijayakIti ke pUrvavartI haiM. yadi ina pAMcoM AcAryoM kA samaya 125 varSa mAna liyA jAya, jo adhika nahIM hai, to use 1145 meM se ghaTAne para devasena kA samaya 1020 ke lagabhaga A jAtA hai. ye devasena apane samaya ke prasiddha vidvAn the, aura lADa-bAgaDagaNa ke unnata rohaNAdri the, vizuddha ratnatraya ke dhAraka the aura samasta AcArya ina kI AjJA ko nata 1. bAvana gaja pratimA dIsatI, gaDha gbAleri sadA sobhatI / / 3 / / ---zIla vijaya tIrthamAlA pR0 111 gaDha gvAlera bAvana gaja pratimA baMdU RSabha raMgarolI jI / / -saubhAgyavijaya tIrthamAlA 14-2-10 18. Jain Education interior SSEShar

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710 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti grantha : tRtIya adhyAya mastaka ho hRdaya meM dhAraNa karate the.' ukta dUbakuNDa meM eka jaina stUpa para saM0 1952 kA eka aura zilAlekha aMkita hai jisameM saM0 1952 kI vaizAkha sudI 5 ko kASThAsaMgha ke mahAn AcArya devasena kI pAdukA yugala utkIrNa hai. yaha zilAlekha tIna paMktiyoM meM vibhakta hai. isI stUpa ke nIce eka bhagna mUrti utkIrNa hai jisa para 'zrIdeva' likhA hai, jo adhUrA nAma mAlUma hotA hai. pUrA nAma zrI devasena rahA hogA. gvAliyara meM bhaTTArakoM kI prAcIna nahI rahI hai aura usameM devasena vimalasena, bhAvasena, sahasrakIti, guNakIrti yazaHkIti, malakIti aura guNamadrAdi aneka bhaTTAraka hue haiM. inameM devasena, yazaH kIrti, guNabhadra ne apabhraMza bhASA meM aneka graMthoM kI racanA kI hai. dUbakuNDa kA yaha zilAlekha bar3e mahattva kA hai. kacchapaghaTa (kachavAhA ) vaMza ke rAjA vijayapAla ke putra vikramasiMha ke rAjya meM yaha lekha likhA gayA hai. yaha vijayapAla vahI haiM jinakA varNana bayAnA ke vi0 saM0 1100 ke zilAlekha meM kiyA gayA hai. bayAnA dUba kuNDa se 80 mIla uttara meM hai. isa lekha meM jaina vyApArI riSi aura dAhar3a kI vaMzAvalI dI hai. jAyasavaMza meM sUrya ke samAna prasiddha dhanika seTha jAsuka thA, jo samyagdRSTi thA, jinendrapUjaka thA, cAra prakAra ke pAtroM ko zraddhApUrvaka dAna detA thA. usakA putra jayadeva thA, vaha bhI jinendrabhakta aura nirmala caritra kA dhAraka thA. usakI yazomatI nAmaka patnI se RSi aura dAhaDa do putra hue the. ye donoM hI dhanopArjana meM kuzala the. inameM jyeSTha putra RSi ko rAjA vikrama ne zreSThI pada pradAna kiyA thA. aura dADa ne ucca zikhara vAlA yaha sundara mandira banavAyA thA. jisa meM keka, sUTa, devaghara aura mahIndra Adi vivekI catura dhAvakoM ne sahayoga diyA thA. aura rAjA vikramasiMha ne jinamaMdira ke saMrakSaNa pUjana aura jIrNoddhAra ke liye dAna diyA thA. yaha lekha jaisavAla jAti ke liye mahattvapUrNa hai. gvAliyara sTeTa ke aise bahuta se sthAna haiM jinameM jainiyoM aura bauddhoM tathA hinduoM kI purAtana sAmagrI pAI jAtI hai. bhelasA ( vidizA ) vesanagara, udayagiri, baDoha, baro (baDanagara ) maMdasaura, naravara, gyArasapura suhAniyA~, gUDara, bhImapura, padmAvatI, jorA, caMderI, murAra Adi aneka sthAna haiM. inameM se yahA~ udayagiri, naravara aura suhAniyAM ke sambandha meM saMkSipta prakAza DAlA jAyagA. udayagiri :- bhelasA jile meM udayagiri nAmakA eka prAcIna sthAna hai. bhelasA se 4 mIla dUra pahAr3I meM kaTe maMdira hue haiM. pahAr3I pauna mIla ke karIba lambI aura 300 phuTa kI UMcAI ko liye hue hai. yahAM guphAe~ haiM, jinameM prathama aura 20 veM nambara kI guphA jainiyoM kI hai. 20 vIM guphA jainiyoM ke tevIsaveM tIrthaMkara zrI pArzvanAtha kI hai. usameM san 425426 kA guptakAlIna eka abhilekha hai jo bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai : "siddhoM ko namaskAra. zrIsaMyukta guNasamudra guptAnvaya ke samrAT kumAragupta ke varddhamAnarAjya zAsana ke 106 veM varSa aura kArtika mahIne kI kRSNa paMcamI ke dina gRhAdvAra meM vistRta sarpaNa se yukta zatruoM ko jItane vAle jinazreSTha pArzvanAtha jina kI mUrti zamadamavAna zaMkara ne banavAI, jo AcArya bhadrAnvaya ke bhUSaNa aura prArya kulotpanna AcArya gozamaM muni ke ziSya tathA dUsaroM dvArA ajeya ripughta mAnI azvapati bhaTa saMghila aura padmAvatI ke putra zaMkara isa nAma se loka kuruvoM ke sadRza uttara prAnta ke zreSTha deza meM utpanna karmarUpI zatru samUha ke kSaya ke liye ho." vaha mUla lekha meM vizruta tathA zAstrokta yatimArga meM sthita thA aura vaha uttara huA thA, usake isa pAvana kArya meM jo puNya huA ho vaha saba isa prakAra hai : 1. namaH siddhebhyaH ( 1 ) zrIsaMkulAnAM guNatoyadhInAM guptAnyAnAM nRpasattamAnAm Jain En Inte 1. zrAsIdvizuddhatarabodhacaritradRSTi : niHzeSasUrinatamastakadhAritAjJaH | zrIlATabAgaDa gaNonnatarohayAdri mAviya bhUtacarito gurudevasenaH || 2. saM0 1152 vaizAkhasudi paJcamyAM zrI kASTA saMgha mahAcAryavarya zrI devasena pAdukA yugalam . 3. See Archaeological Survey of India, V. L. 2, P. 102. 4. epigrAphikA iMdikA jilda 2 pRSTha 232-40. C Sama wwwwwwgainderary.org

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paramAnanda jaina : madhyabhArata kA jaina purAtattva : 711 2. rAjye kulasyAdhi vivarddhamAne SaDbhiyutavarSazatetha mAse (1) sukAtike bahula dinetha paMcame 3. guhAmukhe sphaTavikaTotkaTAmimAM, jitadviSo jinavara pAzvasaMjJikAM, jinAkRti zama-damavAna 4. cIkarat (1) AcAryabhadrAnvayabhUSaNasya ziSyo hyasAvAryakulodvatasya AcArya goza 5. rma munessutAstu padmavatAvazvapate rbhaTasya (1) parairajeyasya ripughna mAninassa saMghila 6. syetityabhivizruto bhuvi svasaMjJayA zaMkaranAmazabdito vidhAnayuktaM yatimArgamasthita: (11) 7. sa uttarANAM sadRze kurUNAM udadizA dezavare prasUtaH 8. kSayAya kArigaNasya dhImAn yadatra puNyaM tadapAsasarja (1)-phlITa, gupta abhilekha pR0 258. isa lekha meM ullikhita AcArya bhadra aura unake anvaya meM prasiddha muni gozarma, kahAM ke nivAsI the aura unakI guruparamparA kyA hai ? yaha kucha mAlUma nahIM ho sakA. naravara :-eka prAcona aitihAsika sthAna hai. naravara ko 'nalagiri aura nalapura' bhI kahA jAtA thA.' isakA itivRtta gvAliyara durga ke sAtha sambandhita rahA hai. vikrama kI 10 vIM zatAbdI ke anta meM donoM durga kachavAhA rAjapUtoM ke adhikAra meM cale gae the. vikrama 1186 meM usa para pratihAroM kA adhikAra ho gayA thA. lagabhaga eka zatAbdI zAsana karane ke bAda san 1232 meM altamaza ne gvAliyara ko jIta liyA, taba pratihAroM ne naravara ke durga meM zaraNa lI. vikrama kI 13 vIM zatAbdI ke anta meM durga ko cAhaDadeva ne pratihAroM se jIta liyA, jo naravara ke rAjapUta kahalAte the. bhImapura ke vi0 saM0 1318 ke abhilekha meM isa vaMza ke sambandha meM kucha sUcanAe~ kI haiM. aura usakA yajvapAla nAma sArthaka batalAyA hai. tathA kacerI ke saM0 1336 ke zilAlekha meM jayapAla se udbhUta hone se isa vaMza ko 'jajjayela' likhA hai. naravara aura usake Asa-pAsa ke upalabdha zilAlekhoM aura sikkoM se jJAta hotA hai ki cAhaDa deva ke vaMza meM cAra rAjA hue haiM. cAhaDadeva, naravarma deva, Asalladeva, gopAladeva aura gaNapatideva. cAhaDadeva ne nalagiri aura anya bar3e pura zatruoM se jIta liye the. naravara meM isake jo sikke mile haiM unameM saM0 1303 se 1311 taka kI tithi milatI hai. cAhaDa ke nAma kA eka lekha saM0 1300 kA udayezvara mandira kI pUrvI maharAva para milatA hai, usameM usake dAna kA ullekha hai. naravarma deva bhI bar3A pratApI aura rAjanItijJa rAjA thA, jaisA ki usake nimna vAkya se prakaTa hai : ___ 'tasmAdanekavidhavikramalabdhakIrtiH puNyazrutiH samabhavannaravarmadevaH.' vi0 saM0 1338 ke eka zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki naravarma deva ne dhAra (dhArA nagarI) ke rAjA se cautha vasUla kI thI. yadyapi isa vaMza kI paramAroM se aneka cher3achAr3a hotI rahatI thI, kintu usameM naravarmadeva ne saphalatA prApta kI thI. naravarma deva ke bAda isakA putra Asalladeva gaddI para baiThA. isake rAjyasamaya ke do zilAlekha vi0saM0 1318 aura 1327 ke milate haiM. Asalladeva ke samaya usake sAmanta jaitrasiMha ne bhImapura meM eka jinamaMdira kA nirmANa karAyA thA. isa maMdira kI pratiSThA saMvat 1318 meM nAgadeva dvArA sampanna huI thI. isake samaya meM bhI jaina dharma ko panapane meM acchA sahayoga milA thA. jaitrasiMha jainadharma kA saMpAlaka aura zrAvaka ke vratoM kA anuSThAtA thA. AsalladevakA putra gopAladeva thA. isake rAjya kA prArambha saM0 1336 ke bAda mAnA jAtA hai. isakA caMdela vaMzI rAjA vIravarmana ke sAtha yuddha huA thA, jisameM isake aneka vIra yoddhA mAre gaye the. gaNapati deva ke rAjya kA ullekha saM0 1350 meM milatA hai. yaha saM0 1348 ke bAda hI kisI samaya rAjyAdhikArI -bhImapura zilAlekha 14. 1. asya prApakanakairamala yazobhi-muktAphalairakhilabhUSaNa vibhramAyA / pAdonalakSaviSayakSitipakSmalAkSyA, mAste puraM nalapura tilakAyamAnam / / nalagiri 'kA ullekha kacerI vAle abhilekha meM milatA hai. yathA - 'tatrAbhavannRpatirugratarapratApaH zrIcAhaDastribhuvanaprathamAnakIrtiH / dordaNDacaMDimabhareNa puraH parebhyo yenAhRtA nalagiripramukhA gariSThAH / / -dekho, kacerI abhilekha saM0 1336. PA INDIATRAPATTINATIONAL CHANDRANI Suma HITICISM HARTIAL ) Jain Educa H Ty.org

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12 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : tRtIya adhyAya huA hogA. saM0 1355 ke abhilekha se jJAta hotA hai ki isane canderI ke durga para vijaya prApta kI thI, kyoMki saM0 1356-57 ke satIstaMbhoM meM isake rAjya kA ullekha hai. jAna par3atA hai ki musalamAnoM kI vijayavAhinI se cAhaDadeva kA vaMza samApta ho gayA. jainatva kI dRSTi se naravara ke kile meM aneka jaina mUrtiyA~ khaMDita-akhaMDita avasthA meM prApta haiM. kile meM isa samaya 4 mUrtiyAM akhaMDita haiM jinapara 1213 se 1348 taka ke lekha pAye jAte haiM. 1. 'saM0 1213 aSAr3ha sudi 6. 2. saM0 1316 jyeSTha vadI 5 some. 3. saM0 1340 khaizAkha vadI 7 some. 4. saM0 1348 vaizAkhasudI 15 zanau'. ye saba mUrtiyA~ sapheda saMgamarmara pASANa kI haiM. khaMDita mUrtiyoM kI saMkhyA adhika pAI jAtI hai. nagara meM bhI acchA mandira hai aura jainiyoM kI bastI bhI hai. nagara ke Asa-pAsa ke grAmoM Adi meM bhI jaina avazeSa pAye jAte haiM. jisase vahAM jainiyoM ke atIta gaurava kA patA calatA hai. naravara se 3 mIla kI dUrI 'bhImapura' nAmakA eka grAma hai. jahA~ jajjayela vaMzI rAjA Asalladeva ke eka jaina sAmanta jaitrasiMha rahate the. unhoMne jinabhakti se prerita hokara vahA~ eka vizAla jaina mandira banavAyA thA, aura usa para 23 paMktyAtmaka karIba 60-70 zlokoM ke parimANa ko liye hue vizAla zilAlekha lagavAyA thA, jo aba gvAliyara purAtattva vibhAga ke saMgrahAlaya meM maujUda hai. isa lekha meM ukta vaMza ke rAjAoM kA ullekha hai, jaisiMha kI dhArmika pariNati kA bhI varNana hai, aura nAgadeva dvArA usakI pratiSThA ke sampapna hone kA ullekha hai. saM0 1318 kA yaha zilAlekha abhI taka pUrA prakAzita nahIM huA. yaha lekha jainiyoM ke liye mahatvapUrNa hai. para aise kAryoM meM jaina samAja kA yogadAna nagaNya hai. suhAniyAM--yaha sthAna bhI purAtana kAla meM jaina saMskRti kA kendra rahA hai aura vaha gvAliyara se uttara kI ora 20 mIla, tathA kaTavara se 14 mIla uttara-pUrva meM ahasana nadI ke uttarIya taTa para sthita hai. kahA jAtA hai ki yaha nagara pahale khUba samRddha thA aura bAraha koza jitane vistRta maidAna meM AbAda thA. isake cAra phATaka the,jinake cihna Aja bhI upalabdha hote haiM. sunA jAtA hai ki isa nagara ko rAjA sUrasena ke pUrvajoM ne basAyA thA. kaniMghama sAhaba ko yahA~ vi0 saM0 1013, 1034 aura 1467 ke mUrtilekha prApta hue the. isa lekha meM madhyabhArata ke kucha sthAnoM ke jaina purAtattva kA digdarzana mAtra karAyA gayA hai. ujjainI, dhArA nagarI aura inake madhyavartI bhUbhAga arthAt samUce mAlava pradeza kA jo jaina saMskRti kA mahattvapUrNa kendra rahA hai, paricaya dene meM eka bar3A grantha bana jAyagA.