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________________ 'kaSAyamuktiH kila muktireva' jaina sAdhanA kaSAyoM ke vijaya kI sAdhanA hai| AcArya haribhadra ne to bahuta hI spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA thA ki 'kaSAyoM se mukti hI vAstavika artha meM mukti hai (kaSAyamukti: kila muktireva ) / kaSAya jaina darzana kA pAribhASika zabda hai / yadyapi bauddha paramparA meM 'dhammapada' (223) meM aura hindU paramparA meM chAndogya upaniSad (7/26/2) tathA mahAbhArata meM zAntiparva (244 / 3) meM kaSAya zabda kA prayoga azubha cittavRttiyoM ke artha meM huA hai; phira bhI ina donoM paramparAoM meM kaSAya zabda kA prayoga virala hI dekhA jAtA hai, jabaki jaina paramparA meM isa zabda kA prayoga pracuratA se dekhA jAtA hai| jaina AcAryoM dvArA isakI vyutpattiparaka paribhASAe~ aneka dRSTikoNoM se kI gaI haiN| sAmAnyatayA ve manovRttiyA~ yA mAnasika Avega jo hamArI AtmA ko kaluSita karate haiM, hamAre AtmIya sadguNoM ko kRza karate haiM, jinase AtmA bandhana meM AtI hai aura usake saMsAra paribhramaNa arthAt janma-maraNa meM vRddhi hotI hai, unheM kaSAya kahate haiM / dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki " anigrahita krodha aura mAna tathA vRddhigata mAyA tathA lobha- ye cAroM kaSAyeM punarjanmarUpI vRkSa kA siMcana karatI haiM, dukha: ke kAraNa haiM, ataH samAdhi ke sAdhaka unheM tyAga deM" / uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM rAga aura dveSa ko karma kA bIja kahA gayA hai| rAga-dveSa ke kAraNa hI kaSAyoM kA janma hotA hai| sthAnAgasUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki pApa karma kI utpatti ke do sthAna haiM- rAga aura dveSa / rAga se lobha kA aura lobha se kapaTa arthAt mAyA kA janma hotA hai| dUsarI ora dveSa se krodha kA aura krodha se ahaMkAra kA janma hotA hai| isa prakAra kaSAyoM kI utpatti mUla meM rAga-dveSa kI vRtti hI kAma karatI hai| yaha bhI sunizcita haiM ki rAga-dveSa ke mUla meM bhI rAga hI pramukha tattva hai| rAga kI upasthiti meM hI dveSa kA janma hotA hai| ataH saMkSepa meM kaheM to sampUrNa kaSAyoM ke mUla meM rAga yA Asakti kA tattva hI pramukha hai / vahI kaSAyoM kA pitA hai| rAga-dveSa se krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha- ina cAra kaSAyoM kA kyA sambandha hai, isakI vistRta carcA vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM vibhinna nayoM yA apekSAoM ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai| saMgraha naya kI apekSA se krodha aura mAna dveSa rUpa haiM, jabaki mAyA aura lobha rAga rUpa haiN| kyoMki prathama do meM dUsare kI ahita bhAvanA hai aura antima do meM apanI svArtha sAdhanA kA lakSya hai| vyavahAranaya kI dRSTi se krodha, ke
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________________ mAna aura mAyA - tInoM dveSa rUpa haiM, kyoMki mAyA bhI dUsare ke vighAta kA vicAra hI hai| kevala lobha akelA rAgAtmaka hai, kyoMki usameM mamatvabhAva hai| kintu RjusUtranaya kI dRSTi se kevala krodha hI dveSarUpa hai, zeSa kaSAya-trika ko na to ekAnta rUpa se rAga-prerita kahA jA sakatA hai, na dveSa-prerita / rAga- prerita hone para ve rAga-rUpa haiM aura dveSa - prerita hone para dveSarUpa hotI haiN|" phira bhI yaha to satya hI hai ki ye cAroM kaSAya mUlataH vyakti kI rAga-dveSAtmaka vRttiyoM kI hI bAhya abhivyaktiyA~ haiN| vastutaH vyakti meM nihita vAsanA ke tattva apanI vidheyAtmaka avasthA meM rAga aura niSedhAtmaka avasthA 77 dveSa bana jAte hai aura ye rAga-dveSa ke tattva hI apanI AvegAtmaka abhivyaktimeM krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha arthAt kaSAya bana jAte haiN| isa prakAra kaSAya rAga-dveSa kI bAhya abhivyakti hai aura rAga-dveSa kaSAyoM ke antaraMga bIja haiN| rAga-dveSa ke abhAva meM kaSAyoM kI sattA nahIM hai / kaSAyeM rAga-dveSa rUpI yugala se hI janma letI haiM, unhIM se sampoSita hotI haiM aura inake marane para mara jAtI haiN| kaSAya aura mithyAtva -- kaSAyoM kI uparokta carcA ke prasaMga meM hamane yaha dekhA ki kaSAyoM kA janma rAga-dveSa kI vRttiyoM se hotA hai / punaH yadi hama yaha vicAra kareM ki kaSAyoM ko janma dene vAlI ye rAga-dveSa kI vRttiyA~ kisake AdhAra para janma letI haiM aura sampoSita hotI haiM, to isa sambandha meM uttarAdhyayanasUtra kA spaSTa nirdeza hai ki ga-dveSa aura kaSAyoM kA mUlabhUta kAraNa moha hai| ise ajJAna yA aviveka dazA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| kintu isase Age bar3hakara jaba yaha pUchA jAe ki yaha moha, ajJAna yA aviveka kyoM utpanna hotA hai yA kisake dvArA utpanna hotA hai, to hameM kahanA par3atA hai ki isakA mUla kAraNa kaSAya hI hai| rAga vastutaH jaina darzana meM yaha eka pramukha dArzanika samasyA hai ki yadi kaSAyoM kA kAraNa moha yA mithyAtva hai, to moha yA mithyAtva kA kAraNa kyA hai ? samprati ina praznoM ko lekara jaina cintakoM meM eka vivAda chir3A huA hai, mithyAtva aura kaSAya meM kauna pramukha hai aura kauna gauNa hai ? yaha prazna Aja nizcayanaya para adhika bala dene vAle kAnajI svAmI ke samarthaka paNDitoM evaM vyavahAranaya kI upekSA nahIM karane vAle pUjya AcArya vidyAsAgara jI ke samarthakoM ke bIca vivAda kA viSaya banA huA hai| eka ora pU0 kAnajI svAmI ke samarthaka vidvAnoM kA kahanA hai ki bandhana kA mUlabhUta kAraNa midhyAtva hai aura kaSAya akiMcitkara hai, kyoMki kaSAyoM kA janma bhI mithyAtva se hotA hai| dUsarI ora AcArya vidyAsAgara jI ke samarthaka vidvAnoM kA kahanA hai ki kaSAya hI bandhana kA pramukha kAraNa hai, mithyAtva akiMcitkara hai| kyoMki mithyAtva kA janma aura sattA donoM hI anantAnubandhI kaSAyoM kI upasthiti meM hI saMbhava hai| anantAnubandhI kaSAyoM ke abhAva meM mithyAtva kI sattA nahIM hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki donoM hI pakSa apane-apane AgrahoM para khar3e hue haiN| vastutaH mithyAtva aura kaSAya ye donoM hI paraspara Azrita haiN|
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________________ 78 aura yaha bhI satya hai ki tIvratama kaSAyoM kI upasthiti meM hI mithyAtva kI sattA sambhava hotI hai| vastuta: mithyAtva aura kaSAya donoM hI paropajIvI haiM, mithyAtva ke abhAva meM kaSAya nahIM hotI hai aura kaSAya ke abhAva meM mithyAtva bhI nahIM hotA hai| vastuta: cintana kI apekSA se hI kaSAya aura mithyAtva ko alaga-alaga kiyA jA sakatA hai| sattA meM to ve eka-dUsare ke anusyUta hokara hI rahate haiN| vyakti meM kaSAyoM ke Avega tabhI utpanna hote haiM, jaba vaha mohagrasta yA ajJAna se ghirA hotA hai, kintu jaise hI vaha ajJAna yA mithyAtva kA gherA tor3atA hai, usake kaSAya samApta ho jAte haiN| vastutaH mithyAtva ke binA kaSAya-bhAva nahIM hote haiM aura kaSAya ke binA mithyAtva bhI nahIM hotA hai| eka kI sattA para dUsare kI sattA AdhArita hai, inameM se koI bhI na to akiMcitkara hai aura na dUsare se nirapekSa hii| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM isI samasyA kA samAdhAna kiMcit bhinna zabdoM meM kiyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra aNDA aura murgI meM kauna prathama, isa samasyA kA samAdhAna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, usI prakAra mithyAtva aura kaSAya meM bhI kauna prathama yA mahattvapUrNa hai aura kauna gauNa yA kama mahattvapUrNa hai, isakA nirNaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| jisa prakAra aNDe ke binA murgI aura murgI ke binA aNDA sambhava nahIM hai, usI prakAra mithyAtva ke binA kaSAya aura kaSAya ke binA mithyAtva sambhava nahIM hai| inameM se kisI kI bhI pUrva koTi nirdhArita nahIM kI jA sakatI hai, kyoMki donoM paropajIvI yA parasparAzrita haiN| kaSAya aura karma-bandha jaina darzana nirIzvaravAdI darzana hai, ata: usameM karma-siddhAnta ko hI sarvoparitA dI gaI hai| vyakti kA saMsAra meM paribhramaNa Izvara ke adhIna na hokara karmavyavasthA ke adhIna mAnA gayA hai, phalata: jaina dArzanikoM ne karma ke bandhana aura vipAka kI talasparzI gambhIra vivecanA kI hai| isI krama meM karma-bandha kyoM aura kaise hotA hai? isakI carcA karate hue unhoMne karma-bandha ke nimna pA~ca kAraNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai- (1) mithyAtva, (2) avirati (asaMyama), (3) pramAda, (4) kaSAya aura (5) yog| jJAtavya hai ki yahA~ 'yoga' se tAtparya mana, vacana evaM zarIra kI gatividhiyA~ haiN| yadi ina pA~ca kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa kareM to hama yaha pAte haiM ki mithyAtva, avirati aura pramAda mUlataH kaSAya ke kAraNa hI hote haiN| kaSAyoM kI anantAnubandhI caukar3I mithyAtva kA kAraNa hai kyoMki kaSAyoM kI isa anantAnubandhI caukar3I kI upasthiti meM hI mithyAtva sambhava hotA hai| jaise hI kaSAyoM kI yaha anantAnubandhI caukar3I samApta hotI hai, mithyAtva bhI samApta ho jAtA hai aura samyagdarzana prakaTa ho jAtA hai| isase yaha sanizcita hotA hai ki mithyAtva kA kAraNa kaSAya hai| isI prakAra avirati arthAt asaMyama kA kAraNa bhI anantAnubandhI athavA apratyAkhyAnI kaSAya hI hote haiN| kaSAya kI apratyAkhyAnI caukar3I ke samApta hone para virati yA saMyama kA prakaTana hotA hai| jaba taka apratyAkhyAnI kaSAya kA udaya
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________________ hai, taba taka saMyama yA virati saMbhava nahIM hai| isI prakAra avirati kA kAraNa bhI kaSAya hI hai| jaba hama bandha ke tIsare hetu pramAda para vicAra karate haiM, to bhI hameM spaSTa lagatA hai ki pramAda kI sattA bhI kaSAya ke kAraNa hI hai| jaba taka pratyAkhyAnI kaSAyoM kI caukar3I sattA meM hai taba taka pramAda kI bhI sattA hai| guNasthAna siddhAnta meM bhI spaSTa rUpa se yaha batAyA gayA hai ki pratyAkhyAnI kaSAya-catuSka ke udaya meM rahate hue apramatta-saMyatta guNasthAna kI upalabdhi sambhava nahIM hotI hai| mAtra itanA hI nahIM, prabuddha jainAcAryoM ne kaSAyoM ko pramAda kA hI eka prakAra mAnA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki mithyAtva, avirati aura pramAda- tInoM kA hetu kaSAya hI hai| anantAnubandhI kaSAya-catuSka ke kSaya se mithyAtva kA kSaya hotA hai| apratyAkhyAnI kaSAya-catuSka ke kSaya yA kSayopazama se pramAda samApta hotA hai ata: mithyAtva, avirata aura pramAda ke mUla meM kaSAya hI rahe hue haiN| kaSayoM ke abhAva meM inakI svatantra sattA nahIM rahatI hai, ata: bandhana ke prathama cAra kAraNoM meM kaSAya hI pramukha kAraNa hai, zeSa mithyAtva, avirati aura pramAda to usake AnuSaMgika hI haiM, kaSAya kI sattA meM hI unakI sattA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki bandhana ke do hI kAraNa haiM- kaSAya aura yog| ina donoM kAraNoM meM bhI yoga bandhana kA nimitta kAraNa hai| kaSAyoM ke abhAva meM usameM bandhana kA sAmarthya nahIM hai| jaina darzana kI mAnyatA hai ki kaSAya ke abhAva meM mAtra yoga ke pariNAmasvarUpa jo IryApathika Asrava aura bandha hotA hai vaha kSaNika hI hai| usameM prathama samaya meM bandha hotA hai aura dUsare samaya meM vaha nirjarita ho jAtA hai| vastuta: isa prakAra kA bandha vAstavika bandha nahIM hai| jaise pAnI meM khIMcI gaI lakIra khIMcane ke sAtha hI samApta ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra IryApathika bandha apane bandhana ke sAtha hI samApta ho jAtA hai| isa samasta carcA kA phalita yaha hai ki kaSAya hI bandhana ke pramukha kAraNa haiM, yoga to akiMcitkara hai| jisa prakAra ghI ke abhAva meM laDDa baMdhatA nahIM hai, usI prakAra kaSAya ke abhAva meM karma bhI baMdhate nahIM haiN| puna: jaina karma-siddhAnta meM bandhana ke cAra prakAra mAne gaye haiM- (1) prakRti bandha, (2) pradeza bandha, (3) sthiti bandha aura (4) anubhAga bndh| yadi hama bandhana ke uparokta do kAraNa-kaSAya aura yoga ke sandarbha meM bandhana ke ina cAra prakAroM kI carcA kareM, to hama yaha pAte haiM ki yoga prakRti-bandha aura pradeza-bandha ke kAraNa haiM; jabaki kaSAya sthitibandha aura anubhAgabandha ke kAraNa haiN| yoga arthAt hamArI mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika kriyAoM dvArA karmoM kI prakRti arthAt unakA svarUpa aura unake pradeza arthAt mAtrA nirdhArita hotI hai| kintu yaha ThIka vaisA hI hai jaisA laDDU banAne ke lie vastu vizeSa kA eka nirdhArita mAtrA meM lAyA gayA ATA ho| usase laDDu to tabhI banegA jaba usameM ghI aura zakkara kA sammizraNa hogaa| isI prakAra karma-bandha kI prakriyA meM bhI sthiti aura anubhAga arthAt rasa kA nirdhAraNa kaSAyoM ke mAdhyama se hI hotA hai| kaSAya rUpI ghI aura zakkara hI usa ATe ko laDDa ke rUpa meM parigata karate haiN| karma-bandha
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________________ meM sthiti arthAt kAla maryAdA aura anubhAga arthAt unakI vipAkAnubhUti (rasa) kA nirdhAraNa to kaSAya ke dvArA hI hotA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki karma-bandha aura vipAka (karma-phala) meM mukhya bhUmikA kaSAya kI hI hai| kaSAyoM kI taratamatA hI vyakti ke bandhana ke svarUpa kA nirdhAraka tattva hai| saMkSepa meM kaheM, to kaSAya hI bandhana ke kAraNa haiM, hamAre sAMsArika astitva ke AdhAra haiM aura kaSAyoM kA kSaya yA abhAva ho mukti hai| kaSAya ke bheda AvegoM kI avasthAe~ bhI tIvratA kI dRSTi se samAna nahIM hotI haiM, ata: tIvra AvegoM ko kaSAya aura maMda AvegoM yA tIvra AvegoM ke prerakoM ko no-kaSAya (upa-kaSAya) kahA gayA hai| kaSAyeM cAra haiM- 1. krodha, 2. mAna, 3. mAyA aura 4. lobh| AvegAtmaka abhivyaktiyoM kI tIvratA ke AdhAra para inameM se pratyeka ko cAra-cAra bhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA haiM- 1. tIvratama, 2. tIvratara, 3. tIvra aura 4. mNd| AdhyAtmika dRSTi se tIvratama krodha Adi vyakti ke samyak dRSTikoNa yA viveka meM vikAra lA dete haiN| tIvratara krodha Adi Atma-niyantraNa kI zakti ko chinna-bhinna kara DAlate haiN| tIvrakrodha Adi AtmaniyantraNa kI zakti ke uccatama vikAsa meM bAdhaka hote haiN| maMda krodha Adi vyakti ko pUrNa vItarAga nahIM hone dete| cAroM kaSAyoM kI tIvratA ke AdhAra para cAra-cAra bheda haiN| ataH kaSAyoM kI saMkhyA 16 ho jAtI haiN| nimna no upa-Avega, upa-kaSAya yA kaSAya-preraka mAne gaye haiM- 1. hAsya, 2. rati, 3. arati, 4. zoka, 5. bhaya, 6.ghRNA, 7, strIveda (puruSa-samparka kI vAsanA), 8. puruSaveda (strI-samparka kI vAsanA) aura 9. napuMsakaveda (donoM ke samparka kI vaasnaa)| isa prakAra kula 25 kaSAyeM haiN|' krodha yaha eka mAnasika kintu uttejaka Avega hai| uttejita hote hI vyakti bhAvAviSTa ho jAtA hai| usakI vicAra-kSamatA aura tarka-zakti lagabhaga zithila ho jAtI hai| bhAvAtmaka sthiti meM bar3he hue Avega kI vRtti yuyutsA ko janma detI hai| yuyutsA se amarSa aura amarSa se AkramaNa kA bhAva utpanna hotA hai| manovaijJAnikoM ke anusAra krodha aura bhaya meM yahI mukhya antara hai ki krodha ke Avega meM AkramaNa kA aura bhaya ke Avega meM Atma-rakSA kA prayatna hotA hai| jaina-darzana meM sAmAnyatayA krodha ke do rUpa mAnya haiM-- 1. dravyakrodha aura 2. bhAva-krodha dravya-krodha ko Adhunika manovaijJAnika dRSTi se krodha kA AMgika pakSa kahA jA sakatA hai, jisake kAraNa krodha meM honevAle zArIrika parivartana hote haiN| bhAvakrodha krodha kI mAnasika avasthA hai| krodha kA anubhUtyAtmaka pakSa bhAva-krodha hai, jabaki krodha kA abhivyaktyAtmaka yA zarIrAtmaka pakSa dravya-krodha hai| krodha ke vibhinna rUpa haiN| bhagavatIsUtra meM isake dasa samAnArthaka nAma varNita haiM- 1. krodha- Avega kI uttejanAtmaka avasthA. 2. kopa-krodha se utpanna
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________________ 81 svabhAva kI caMcalatA, 3. doSa- svayaM para yA dUsare para doSa thopanA, 4. roSa - krodha kA parisphuTa rUpa 5. saMjvalana - jalana yA IrSyA kI bhAvanA, 6. akSamA- aparAdha kSamA na karanA, 7. kalaha - anucita bhASaNa karanA, 8. cANDikya- ugrarUpa karanA, 9. maMDana - hAthApAI karane para utArU honA, 10. vivAda AkSepAtmaka bhASaNa karanA / krodha ke prakAra- krodha ke Avega kI tIvratA evaM mandatA ke AdhAra para cAra bheda kie gae haiM, jo isa bhAMti haiM 1. anantAnubaMdhI krodha (tIvratama krodha) - patthara meM par3I darAra ke samAna krodha, jo kisI ke prati eka bAra utpanna hone para jIvanaparyanta banA rahe, kabhI samApta na ho / 2. apratyAkhyAnI krodha ( tIvratara krodha)- sUkhate hue jalAzaya kI bhUmi meM par3I darAra, jaise AgAmI varSA hote hI miTa jAtI hai, vaise hI apratyAkhyAnI krodha eka varSa se adhika sthAI nahIM rahatA aura kisI ke samajhAne se zAnta ho jAtA hai| 3. pratyAkhyAnI krodha (tIvra krodha)- bAlU kI rekhA jaise havA ke jhokoM se jaldI hI miTa jAtI haiM, vaise hI pratyAkhyAnI krodha cAra mAsa se adhika sthAyI nahIM hotA / 4. saMjvalana krodha (alpakrodha)- zIghra hI miTa jAne vAlI pAnI meM khIMcI gayI rekhA ke samAna isa krodha meM sthAyitva nahIM hotA hai| bauddhadarzana meM bhI krodha ko lekara vyaktiyoM ke tIna prakAra mAne gaye haiM- 1. ve vyakti jinakA krodha patthara para khIMcI rekhA ke samAna cirasthAyI hotA hai, 2. ve vyakti jinakA krodha pRthvI para khIMcI huI rekhA ke samAna alpa-sthAyI hotA hai, 3. ve jinakA krodha pAnI para khIMcI rekhA ke samAna asthAyI hotA hai| donoM paramparAoM meM prastuta dRSTAnta - sAmya vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai / 5 mAna (ahaMkAra) ahaMkAra karanA mAna hai / ahaMkAra jAti, kula, bala, aizvarya, sAdhanA, jJAna Adi kisI bhI vizeSatA kA ho sakatA hai| manuSya meM svAbhimAna kI mUla pravRtti hotI hai, parantu jaba svAbhimAna kI vRtti dambha yA pradarzana kA rUpa le letI hai, taba manuSya apane guNoM evaM yogyatAoM kA bar3he - car3he rUpa meM pradarzana karatA hai aura isa prakAra usake anta:karaNa meM mAnavRtti kA prAdurbhAva ho jAtA hai| abhimAnI manuSya apanI ahaMvRtti kA poSaNa karatA rahatA hai| use apane se bar3hakara yA apanI barAbarI kA guNI vyakti koI dikhatA hI nahIM /
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________________ 82 jaina paramparA meM prakArAntara se mAna ke ATha bheda mAnya haiM--- 1. jAti mada, 2. kula mada, 3. bala (zakti) mada, 4. aizvarya mada, 5. tapa mada, 6. jJAna mada (sUtroM kA jJAna), 7. saundarya mada aura 8. adhikAra (prbhutaa)| mAna ko mada bhI kahA gayA hai| , mAna nimna bAraha rUpoM meM prakaTa hotA hai|- 1. mAna- apane kisI guNa para ahaMvRtti, 2. mada- ahaMbhAva meM tanmayatA, 3. darpa- uttejanA pUrNa ahaMbhAva, 4. stambhaavinamratA, 5. garva- ahaMkAra, 6. atyukroza- apane ko dUsare se zreSTha kahanA, 7. paraparivAda- paranindA, 8. utkarSa- apanA aizvarya prakaTa karanA, 9. apakarSa- dUsaroM ko tuccha samajhanA, 10. unnatanAma- guNI ke sAmane bhI na jhukanA, 11. unnata- dUsaroM ko tuccha samajhanA aura 12. purnAma- yathocita rUpa se na jhuknaa| ahaMbhAva kI tIvratA aura mandatA ke anusAra mAna ke bhI cAra bheda haiM-- 1. anaMtAnubandhI mAna- patthara ke khambhe ke samAna jo jhukatA nahIM, arthAt jisameM vinayaguNa nAmamAtra ko bhI nahIM hai| 2. apratyAkhyAnI mAna- haDDI ke samAna kaThinatA se jhukane vAlA arthAta jo vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM bAhya dabAva ke kAraNa vinamra ho jAtA hai| 3. pratyAkhyAnI mAna- lakar3I ke samAna prayatna se jhuka jAne vAlA arthAt jisake ! antara meM vinamratA to hotI hai, lekina jisakA prakaTana vizeSa sthiti meM hI holA hai| ... 4. saMjvalana mAna- beMta ke samAna atyanta saralatA se jhuka jAnevAlA arthAt jo Atma-gaurava ko rakhate hue bhI vinamra banA rahatA hai| mAyA kapaTAcAra mAyA kaSAya hai| bhagavatIsUtra ke anusAra isake pandraha nAma haiM-- 1. mAyA* kapaTAcAra, 2. upAdhi-Thagane ke uddezya se vyakti ke pAsa jAnA, 3, nikRtiThagane ke abhiprAya se adhika sammAna denA, 4. valaya- vakratA pUrNa vacana, 5. gahanaThagane ke vicAra se atyanta gUr3ha bhASaNa karanA, 6. nUma- Thagane ke hetu nikRSTa kArya karanA, 7. kalka- dUsaroM ko hiMsA ke lie ubhAranA, 8. karUpa- nindita vyavahAra karanA, 9. nihatA- ThagAI ke lie kArya manda gati se karanA, 10. kilviSikabhAMDoM ke samAna kuceSTA karanA, 11. AdaraNatA- anicchita kArya bhI apanAnA, 12. gRhanatA- apanI karatUta ko chipAne kA prayatna karanA, 13. vaMcakatA- ThagI aura 14. prati-kuMcanatA- kisI ke sarala rUpa se kahe gaye vacanoM kA khaNDana karanA, 15. sAtiyoga-uttama vastu meM hIna vastu kI milAvaTa krnaa| ye saba mAyA kI hI vibhinna avasthAe~ haiN|
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________________ 83 mAyA ke cAra prakAra- 1. anaMtAnubandhI mAyA (tIvratama kapaTAcAra)- bAMsa kI jar3a ke samAna kuTila, 2. apratyAkhyAnI mAyA (tIvratara kapaTAcAra)- bhaiMsa ke sIMga ke samAna kuTila, 3. pratyAkhyAnI mAyA (tIvra kapaTAcAra)- gomUtra kI dhArA ke samAna kuTila, 4. saMjvalana mAyA (alpa kapaTAcAra)- bAMsa ke chilake ke samAna kuttil| lobha mohanIya-karma ke udaya se citta meM utpanna hone vAlI tRSNA yA lAlasA lobha kahalAtI hai| lobha kI solaha avasthAe~ haiN| - lobha- saMgraha karane kI vRtti, 2. icchAabhilASA, 3. mUchA- tIvra saMgraha-vRtti, 4. kAMkSA- prApta karane kI AzA, 5. gRddhiAsakti, 6. tRSNA- jor3ane kI icchA, vitaraNa kI virodhI vRtti, 7. mithyA- viSayoM kA dhyAna, 8. abhidhyA- nizcaya se Diga jAnA yA caMcalatA, 9. AzaMsanA- iSTa-prApti kI icchA karanA, 10. prArthanA- artha Adi kI yAcanA, 11. lolapanatA- cATukAritA, 12. kAmAzA- kAma kI icchA, 13. bhogAzA. bhogya-padArthoM kI icchA, 14. jIvitAzA- jIvana kI kAmanA, 15. maraNAzA- marane kI kAmanA aura 16. nandirAga- prApta sampatti meM anuraag| lobha ke cAra bheda- 1. anaMtAnubandhI lobha-majIThiyA raMga ke samAna jo chUTe nahIM, arthAt atyadhika lobh| 2. apratyAkhyAnI lobha- gAr3I ke pahiye ke augana ke samAna muzkila se chUTane vAlA lobh| 3. pratyAkhyAnI lobha- kIcar3a ke samAna prayatna karane para chUTa jAne vAlA lobh| 4. saMjvalana lobha-haldI ke samAna zIghratA se dUra ho jAne vAlA lobh| nokaSAya- nokaSAya zabda do zabdoM ke yoga se banA hai no+kssaay| jaina-dArzanikoM ne 'no' zabda ko sAhacarya ke artha meM grahaNa kiyA hai| isa prakAra krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha- ina pradhAna kaSAyoM ke sahacArI bhAvoM athavA unakI sahayogI manovRttiyA~ jaina paribhASA meM nokaSAya kahI jAtI haiN| jahA~ pAzcAtya manovijJAna meM kAma-vAsanA ko pramukha mUlavRtti tathA bhaya ko pramukha Avega mAnA gayA hai, vahA~ jainadarzana meM unheM sahacArI kaSAya yA upa-Avega kahA gayA hai| isakA kAraNa yahI ho sakatA hai ki jahA~ pAzcAtya vicArakoM ne una para mAtra manovaijJAnika dRSTi se vicAra kiyA hai, vahA~ jaina vicAraNA meM jo mAnasika tathya naitika dRSTi se adhika azubha the, unheM kaSAya kahA gayA hai aura unake sahacArI athavA kAraka manobhAva ko nokaSAya kahA gayA hai| yadyapi manovaijJAnika dRSTi se vicAra karane para nokaSAya ve prAthamika sthitiyA~ haiM, jinase kaSAyeM utpanna hotI haiM, tathApi AvegoM kI tIvratA kI dRSTi se nokaSAya kama tIvra hote haiM aura kaSAyeM adhika tIvra hotI haiN| inheM kaSAya kA kAraNa bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| jaina-granthoM meM inakI saMkhyA 9 (nau) mAnI gaI hai---- .
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________________ 84 1. hAsya-sukha yA prasannatA kI abhivyakti hAsya hai| jaina-vicAraNA ke anusAra hAsya kA kAraNa pUrva-karma yA vAsanA-saMskAra hai| yaha mAna kaSAya kA kAraNa hai| 2. zoka-iSTaviyoga aura aniSTayoga se sAmAnya vyakti meM jo manobhAva jAgRta. hote haiM, ve zoka kahe jAte haiN| zoka cittavRtti kI vikalatA kA dyotaka hai? aura isa prakAra mAnasika samatva kA bhaMga karane vAlA hai| kabhI-kabhI yaha krodha kaSAya meM rUpAntarita ho jAtA hai| 3. rati (ruci)- abhISTa padArthoM para prItibhAva athavA indriya-viSayoM meM citta kI abhiratatA hI rati hai| isake kAraNa hI Asakti evaM lobha kI bhAvanAe~ prabala hotI haiN| 4. arati- indriya-viSayoM meM aruci hI arati hai| aruci kA bhAva hI vikasita hokara ghuNA aura dveSa banatA hai| rAga aura dveSa tathA ruci aura aruci meM pramukha antara yahI hai ki rAga aura dveSa manas kI sakriya avasthAe~ haiM, jabaki ruci aura aruci niSkriya avasthAe~ haiN| rati aura arati pUrva karma-saMskArajanita svAbhAvika ruci aura aruci kA bhAva hai| 5. ghRNA- ghRNA yA jugupsA aruci kA hI vikasita rUpa hai| aruci aura ghRNA meM kevala mAtrAtmaka antara hI hai| aruci kI apekSA ghRNA meM vizeSatA yaha hai ki aruci meM padArtha-vizeSa ke bhoga kI aruci hotI hai, lekina usakI upasthiti sahya hotI hai, jabaki ghRNA meM usakA bhoga aura usakI upasthiti donoM hI asahya hotI hai| aruci kA vikasita rUpa ghRNA aura ghRNA kA vikasita rUpa dveSa hai| 6. bhaya- kisI vAstavika yA kAlpanika tathya se AtmarakSA ke nimitta baca nikalane kI pravRtti hI bhaya hai| bhaya aura ghRNA meM pramukha antara yaha hai ki ghRNA ke mUla meM dveSa-bhAva rahatA hai, jabaki bhaya meM Atma-rakSaNa kA bhAva prabala hotA hai| ghRNA krodha aura dveSa kA eka rUpa hai, jabaki bhaya lobha yA rAga kI hI eka avasthA hai| jainAgamoM meM bhaya sAta prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai, jaise- (1) ihaloka bhaya-yahA~ loka zabda saMsAra ke artha meM na hokara jAti ke artha meM bhI grahIta hai| svajAti ke prANiyoM se arthAt manuSyoM ke lie manuSyoM se utpanna hone vAlA bhaya, (2) paraloka bhaya-anya jAti ke prANiyoM se hone vAlA bhaya, jaise manuSyoM ke lie pazuoM kA bhaya, (3) AdAna bhayadhana kI rakSA ke nimitta cora-DAkU Adi bAhya kAraNoM se utpanna bhaya, 4. akasmAta bhaya- bAhya nimitta ke abhAva meM svakIya kalpanA se nirmita bhaya yA akAraNa bhy| bhaya kA yaha rUpa mAnasika hI hotA hai, jise manovijJAna meM asAmAnya bhaya kahate haiN| 5. AjIvikA bhaya- AjIvikA yA dhanopArjana ke sAdhanoM kI samApti (viccheda) kA bhy| kucha granthoM meM isake sthAna para vedanA-bhaya kA ullekha hai| roga yA pIr3A kA
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________________ bhaya vedanA bhaya hai| 6. maraNa bhaya- mRtyu kA bhaya; jaina aura bauddha vicAraNA meM maraNa-dharmatA kA smaraNa to naitika dRSTi se Avazyaka hai, lekina maraNa bhaya (maraNAzA evaM jIvitAzA) ko naitika dRSTi se anucita mAnA gayA hai| 7. azloka (apayaza) bhaya- mAna-pratiSThA ko Thesa pahu~cane kA bhy| 12 7. strIveda- strItva sambandhI kAma-vAsanA arthAt puruSa se saMbhoga kI icchaa| jaina-vicAraNA meM liMga aura veda meM antara kiyA gayA hai| liMga AMgika saMracanA kA pratIka hai, jabaki veda tatsambandhI vAsanAoM kI avasthA hai| yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki strI-liMga hone para strIveda ho hii| jaina-vicAraNA ke anusAra liMga (AMgika racanA) kA kAraNa nAma-karma hai, jabaki veda (vAsanA) kA kAraNa cAritramohanIya-karma hai| 8. puruSaveda- puruSatva sambandhI kAma vAsanA arthAt strI-saMbhoga kI icchaa| 9. napuMsakaveda- prANI meM strItva sambandhI aura puruSatva sambandhI donoM vAsanAoM kA honA napuMsakaveda kahA jAtA hai| donoM ke saMbhoga kI icchA hI napuMsakaveda hai| jaina-vicArakoM ke anusAra tIvratA kI dRSTi se puruSa kI kAma-vAsanA zIghra hI pradIpta ho jAtI hai aura zIghra hI zAnta ho jAtI hai| strI kI kAma-vAsanA dera se pradIpta hotI hai, lekina eka bAra pradIpta ho jAne para kAphI samaya taka zAnta nahIM hotii| napuMsaka kI kAma-vAsanA zIghra pradIpta ho jAtI hai, lekina zAnta dera se hotI hai| isa prakAra bhaya, zoka, ghRNA, hAsya, rati, arati aura kAma-vikAra- ye upa-Avega haiN| ye bhI vyakti ke jIvana ko bahuta prabhAvita karate haiN| krodha Adi kI zakti tIvra hotI hai, isalie ve Avega haiN| ye vyakti kI zArIrika aura mAnasika sthiti ko prabhAvita karane ke atirikta usake Antarika guNoM-samyak dRSTikoNa, Atma-niyantraNa Adi ko bhI prabhAvita karate haiN| bhaya Adi upa-Avega vyakti ke Antarika guNoM ko utanA pratyakSata: prabhAvita nahIM karate, jitanA zArIrika aura mAnasika sthiti ko karate haiN| unakI zakti apekSAkRta kSINa hotI hai, isalie ve upa-Avega kahalAte haiN| 14 / / kaSAya-jaya- naitika evaM AdhyAtmika pragati kA AdhAra- jaina AcAra-darzana ke anusAra ukta 16 AvegoM (kaSAya) aura 9 upa-AvegoM (no-kaSAya) kA sIdhA sambandha vyakti ke caritra se hai, naitika jIvana ke lie ina vAsanAoM evaM AvegoM se Upara uThanA Avazyaka hai| jaba taka vyakti inase Upara nahIM uThatA hai, vaha naitika pramati nahIM kara sktaa| guNasthAna ArohaNa meM yaha tathya spaSTa rUpa se varNita hai ki naitika vikAsa kI kisa avasthA meM kitanI kaSAyoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai aura kitanI zeSa rahatI haiN| naitikatA kI sarvocca bhUmikA samasta kaSAyoM ke samApta hone para hI prApta hotI hai|
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________________ jaina-satroM meM ina cAra pramukha kaSAyoM ko 'caMDAla caukar3I' kahA gayA hai| inameM anantAnubandhI Adi jo vibhAga haiM, unako sadaiva dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie aura hamezA yaha prayatna karanA cAhie ki kaSAyoM meM tIvratA na Aye, kyoMki anantAnubandhI krodha, mAna, mAyA,lobha ke hone para sAdhaka anantakAla taka saMsAra paribhramaNa karatA hai aura samyagdRSTi nahIM bana pAtA hai| yaha janma-maraNa ke roga kI asAdhyAvasthA hai| apratyAkhyAnI kaSAya ke hone para sAdhaka, zrAvaka yA gRhastha sAdhaka ke pada se gira jAtA hai| yaha sAdhaka ke AMzika cAritra kA nAza kara detI hai| yaha vikAroM kI duHsAdhyAvasthA hai| isI prakAra pratyAkhyAnI kaSAya kI avasthA meM sAdhutva prApta nahIM hotaa| ise vikAroM kI prayatnasAdhyAvasthA kahA jA sakatA hai| sAdhaka ko apane jIvana meM uparyukta tInoM prakAra ke kaSAyoM ko sthAna nahIM denA cAhie, kyoMki isase usakI sAdhanA yA cAritra dharma kA nAza ho jAtA hai| itanA hI nahIM, sAdhana ko apane andara saMjvalana kaSAya ko bhI sthAna nahIM denA cAhie, kyoMki jaba taka citta meM sUkSmatama krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha rahate haiM, sAdhaka apane lakSya-nirvANa kI prApti nahIM kara sktaa| saMkSepa meM, anantAnubandhI caukar3I yA kaSAyoM kI tIvratama avasthA yathArtha dRSTikoNa kI upalabdhi meM bAdhaka hai| apratyAkhyAnI caukar3I yA kaSAyoM kI tIvratara avasthA Atma-niyantraNa meM bAdhaka hai| pratyAkhyAnI caukar3I yA kaSAyoM kI tIvra avasthA zramaNa jIvana meM ghAtaka hai| isI prakAra saMjvalana caukar3I yA alpa-kaSAya pUrNa niSkAma yA vItarAga jIvana kI upalabdhi meM bAdhaka hai| isalie sAdhaka ko sUkSmatama kaSAyoM ko bhI dUra karane kA prayatna karanA cAhae, kyoMki inake hone para usakI sAdhanA meM pUrNatA nahIM A sktii| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki Atma-hita cAhane vAlA sAdhaka pApa kI vRddhi karane vAle krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha- ina cAra doSoM ko pUrNatayA chor3a de|5 naitika jIvana kI sAdhanA karane vAlA inako kyoM chor3a de? isa tarka ke uttara meM dazavaikAlikasUtra meM inakI sAmAjika evaM vaiyaktika sadguNoM kA ghAta karane vAlI prakRti kA bhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai- krodha prIti kA, mAna vinaya (namratA) kA, mAyA mitratA kA aura lobha sadguNoM kA nAza kara detA hai| 16 AcArya hemacandra kahate haiM ki mAna vinaya, zruta, zIla-sadAcAra evaM trivarga kA ghAtaka hai| vaha vivekarUpI netroM ko naSTa karake manuSya ko andhA banA detA hai| krodha jaba utpanna hotA hai to prathama Aga kI taraha usI ko jalAtA hai, jisameM vaha utpanna hotA hai| mAyA avidyA aura asatya kI janaka hai aura zIlarUpI vRkSa ko naSTa karane meM kulhAr3e ke samAna tathA adhogati kA kAraNa hai| lobha samasta doSoM kI utpatti kI khAna hai, samasta sadguNoM ko nigala jAne vAlA rAkSasa hai, sAre duHkhoM kA mUla kAraNa aura dharma tathA kAma-puruSArtha kA bAdhaka hai| yahA~ para vizeSa draSTavya yaha bhI hai ki kaSAyoM meM jahA~ krodha-mAnAdi ko eka yA adhika sadguNoM kA vinAzaka kahA gayA hai, vahA~ lobha ko sarva sadguNoM kA vinAzaka kahA gayA hai| lobha sabhI kaSAyoM meM nikRSTatama isalie hai ki vaha rAgAtmaka hai aura rAga yA Asakti hI
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________________ : samasta asat vRttiyoM kI janaka hai| AcArya mahAprajJa sAmAjika jIvana para hone vAle kaSAyoM ke pariNAmoM kI carcA karate hue likhate haiM ki "hamAre matAnusAra (sAmAjika) sambandha- -zuddhi kI kasauTI hai- RjutA, mRdutA, zAnti aura tyAga se samanvita manovRtti / hara vyakti meM cAra prakAra kI vRttiyA~ ( kaSAya) hotI haiM:- 1. saMgraha, 2 . Aveza, 3. garva ( bar3A mAnanA) aura 4. mAyA (chipAnA ) / cAra vRttiyA~ aura hotI haiN| ve ukta cAra pravRttiyoM kI pratipakSI haiM:- 1. tyAga yA visarjana, 2. zAnti, 3. samAnatA yA mRdutA, 4. RjutA yA spaSTatA / donoM prakAra kI pravRttiyA~ vaiyaktika haiM, isalie inheM anaitika aura naitika nahIM kahA jA sakatA inheM AdhyAtmika (vaiyaktika) doSa aura guNa kahA jA sakatA hai| ina vRttiyoM ke jo pariNAma samAja meM saMkrAnta hote haiM, unheM anaitika aura naitika kahA jA sakatA hai| " kaSAya kI vRttiyoM ke pariNAma 1. saMgraha (lobha) kI manovRtti ke pariNAma - zoSaNa, aprAmANikatA, nirapekSa vyavahAra, krUra vyavahAra, vizvAsaghAta / Aveza (krodha) kI manovRtti ke pariNAma gAlI-galauja, yuddha, AkramaNa, prahAra, hatyA | garva (apane ko bar3A mAnane) kI manovRtti ke pariNAma-ghRNA, amaitrIpUrNa vyavahAra, krUra vyavahAra | 4. mAyA (chipAne) kI manovRtti ke pariNAma avizvAsa, amaitrIpUrNa vyavahAra / kaSAya jaya ke pariNAma 1. tyAga (visarjana) kI manovRtti ke pariNAma - prAmANikatA, sApekSa vyavahAra, azoSaNa | 2. 3. 87 2. 3. zAnti kI manovRtti ke pariNAma - vAk-saMyama, anAkramaNa, samajhautA, samanvaya / samAnatA kI manovRtti ke pariNAma - sApekSa vyavahAra, prema, mRdu vyavahAra / RjutA kI manovRtti ke pariNAma - maitrIpUrNa vyavahAra, vizvAsa / 18 ataH Avazyaka hai ki sAmAjika jIvana kI zuddhi ke lie prathama prakAra kI vRttiyoM kA tyAga kara jIvana meM dUsare prakAra kI pratipakSI vRttiyoM ko sthAna diyA jaaye| isa prakAra vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika donoM hI jIvana kI dRSTiyoM se kaSAya-jaya Avazyaka hai / uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA hai, krodha se AtmA adhogati ko jAtA hai aura mAna se, mAyA se acchI gati (naitika vikAsa) kA pratirodha ho jAtA hai, lobha se isa janma aura agale janma donoM meM hI bhaya prApta hotA hai / 19 jo vyakti yaza, pUjA yA pratiSThA kI 4.
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________________ 88 kAmanA karatA hai, mAna aura sammAna kI apekSA karatA hai, vaha vyakti apane mAna kI pUrti ke lie aneka prakAra ke pApa-karma karatA hai aura kapaTAcAra kA prazraya letA hai| 20 duSpUrya lobha kI pUrti meM lagA huA vyakti sadaiva hI duHkha uThAyA karatA hai, ata: ina janma-maraNa rUpI vRkSa kA siMcana karane vAlI kaSAyoM kA parityAga kara denA caahie| kaSAya-jaya kaise? - prazna yaha hai ki mAnasika AvegoM (kaSAyoM) para vijaya kaise prApta kI jAye? pahalI bAta yaha ki tIvra kaSAyodaya meM to viveka-buddhi prasupta hI ho jAtI hai, ataH viveka-buddhi se kaSAyoM kA nigrahaNa sambhava nahIM raha jaataa| dUsare icchApUrvaka bhI unakA nirodha sambhava nahIM, kyoMki icchA to svata: unase hI zAsita hone lagI hai| pAzcAtya dArzanika spInojA (Spinoza) ke anusAra AvegoM kA niyaMtraNa saMkalpoM se bhI saMbhava nahIM, kyoMki saMkalpa to AvegAtmaka svabhAva ke AdhAra para hI banate haiM aura usake hI eka aMga hote haiN| 21 tIsare, AvegoM kA nirodha bhI mAnasika svAsthya kI dRSTi se ahitakara mAnA gayA hai aura unakI kisI na kisI rUpa meM abhivyakti Avazyaka mAnI gayI hai| tIvra AvegoM ke nirodha ke lie to eka hI mArga hai ki unheM unake virodhI AvegoM dvArA zithila kiyA jaaye| spInojA kI mAnyatA yahI hai ki koI bhI Avega apane virodhI aura adhika zaktizAlI Avega ke dvArA hI niyaMtrita yA samApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| 22 jaina evaM anya bhAratIya cintakoM ne bhI isa sambandha meM yahI dRSTikoNa apanAyA hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki zAnti se krodha ko, mRdutA se mAna ko, saralatA se mAyA ko aura santoSa se lobha ko jItanA caahie|22 AcArya kundakunda tathA AcArya hemacandra bhI yahI kahate haiN| dhammapada meM kahA hai ki akrodha se krodha ko, sAdhutA se asAdhutA ko jIteM tathA kRpaNatA ko dAna se aura mithyA bhASaNa ko satya se parAjita kreN| 25 mahAbhArata meM bhI lagabhaga inhIM zabdoM meM ina vRttiyoM ke Upara vijaya prApta karane kA nirdeza hai|26 mahAbhArata aura dhammapada kA yaha zabda-sAmya aura dazavaikAlika evaM dhammapada kA yaha vicAra-sAmya bar3A mahattvapUrNa hai| vastutaH kaSAya hI Atma-vikAsa meM bAdhaka hai| kaSAyoM kA naSTa ho jAnA hI bhava-bhramaNa kA aMta hai| eka jainAcArya kA kathana hai 'kaSAyamukti: kila muktireva'- kaSAyoM se mukta honA hI vAstavika mukti hai| AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM ki sAdhaka ko hamezA yahI vicAra karanA cAhie ki maiM na to krodha hU~, na mAna, na mAyA, na lobha hI hU~ arthAt ye merI AtmA ke gaNa nahIM haiN| ataeva maiM na to inako karatA hU~, na karavAtA hU~ aura na karane vAloM kA anumodana (samarthana) karatA huuN|27 isa prakAra kaSAyoM ko vikRti samajhakara sAdhaka zuddha Atma-svarUpa kA cintana karate hue inase dUra hokara zIghra nirvANa prApta kara letA hai, kyoMki ina cAroM doSoM kA tyAga kara dene vAlA pApa nahIM kara sakatA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha-ina cAra mahAdoSoM ko chor3a dene vAlA maharSi na to pApa karatA
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________________ 89 hai, na karavAtA hai / 28 kaSAya-jaya se jIvanamukti ko prApta kara vaha niSkAma jIvana jItA hai| bauddhadarzana aura kaMSAya-jaya- dhammapada meM kaSAya zabda kA prayoga do arthoM meM huA hai| eka to usakA jaina- paramparA ke samAna dUSita cittavRtti ke artha meM aura dUsare saMnyasta jIvana ke pratIka gerUe vastroM ke artha meN| tathAgata kahate haiM- 'jo vyakti (rAgadveSAdi) kaSAyoM ko chor3e binA kaSAya vastroM (gerUe kapar3oM) ko arthAt saMnyAsa dhAraNa karatA hai vaha saMyama ke yathArtha svarUpa se patita vyakti kaSAya- vastroM (saMnyAsa mArga ) kA adhikArI nahIM hai| lekina jisane kaSAyoM (dUSita cittavRttiyoM) ko vamita kara diyA (taja diyA) hai, vaha saMyama ke yathArtha svarUpa se yukta vyakti kASAya- vastroM (saMnyAsa mArga ) kA adhikArI hai'|29 bauddha-vicAra meM kaSAya zabda ke antargata kauna-kauna dUSita vRttiyA~ AtI haiM, isakA spaSTa ullekha hameM nahIM milatA / krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha ko bauddha - vicAraNA meM dUSita citta vRtti ke rUpa meM hI mAnA gayA hai aura naitika Adarza kI upalabdhi ke lie unake parityAga kA nirdeza hai| buddha kahate haiM ki krodha ko chor3a do aura abhimAna kA tyAga kara do, samasta saMyojanoM ko tor3a do, jo puruSa nAma tathA rUpa meM Asakta nahIM hotA, lobha nahIM karatA, jo akiMcana hai, usa para klezoM kA AkramaNa nahIM hotaa| jo uThate hue krodha ko usI taraha nigrahita kara letA hai, jaise sArathI ghor3e ko; vahI saccA sAradhI hai (naitika jIvana kA saccA sAdhaka hai), zeSa saba to mAtra lagAma pakar3ane vAle haiN| bhikSuoM ! lobha, dveSa aura moha pApacitta vAle manuSya ko apane bhItara hI utpanna hokara naSTa kara dete haiM jaise kele ke per3a ko usI kA phala (kelaa)| mAyAvI mara kara naraka meM utpanna ho durgati ko prApta hotA hai / " suttanipAta meM kahA gayA hai ki jo manuSya jAti, dhana aura gotra kA abhimAna karatA hai aura apane bandhuoMkA apamAna karatA hai, vaha usake parAbhava kA kAraNa hai / 32 jo krodha karatA hai, vairI hai tathA jo mAyAvI hai use vRSala (nIca) jAno / 3 isa prakAra bauddhadarzana ina azubha citta vRttiyoM kA niSedha kara sAdhaka ko inase Upara uThane kA saMdeza detA hai| 30 gItA aura kaSAya-nirodha - yadyapi gItA meM kaSAyoM kA aisA caturvidha vargIkaraNa to nahIM milatA, tathApi kaSAyoM ke rUpa meM jina azubha manovRttiyoM kA citraNa jainAgamoM 2 meM hai, una sabhI azubha manovRttiyoM ke artha meM prayoga virala hI huA haiN| chAndogya upaniSad meM kaSAya zabda rAga-dveSa ke artha meM vyavahRta huA hai / 34 mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva meM bhI kaSAya zabda kA prayoga azubha manovRttiyoM ke artha meM huA hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki manuSya jIvana kI tIna sIr3hiyoM arthAt brahmacarya, gRhastha evaM vAnaprastha Azrama meM kaSAyoM ko vijita kara phira saMnyAsa kA anusaraNa kreN| " gItA meM kaSAya zabda kA prayoga nahIM hai| phira bhI gItA meM kaSAya- vRttiyoM kA vivecana hai| gItA kahatI hai ki 'dambha, darpa, mAna, krodha Adi AsurI sampadA haiN| ahaMkAra, bala, darpa (mAna), kAma (lobha) aura krodha
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________________ ke Azrita hokara manuSya apane aura dUsaroM ke zarIra meM sthita paramAtmA (AtmA) se dveSa karane vAle hote haiN|37 arthAt mAna, krodha, lobha Adi vikAroM ke vazIbhUta hokara AtmA ke yathArtha svarUpa ko nahIM jAna pAte haiN| yaha kAma, krodha aura lobha AtmA kA nAza karane vAle (AtmA ko vikArI banAkara usake sva-lakSaNoM ko Avarita karane vAle) naraka ke dvAra haiN| ata: ina tInoM kA tyAga kara denA caahie| jo ina naraka ke dvAroM se mukta hokara apane kalyANa-mArga kA AcaraNa karatA hai, vaha paramagati ko prApta karatA hai| isa prakAra krodha, mAna aura lobha- ina tIna kaSAyoM kA vivecana hameM gItA meM mila jAtA hai| gItA meM mAyA zabda kA prayoga to huA hai, lekina jisa nimna-starIya kapaTa-vRtti ke artha meM jaina darzana meM usakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, usa artha meM usakA prayoga nahIM huA hai| vahA~ to vaha daivI mAyA (7/14) hai, phira bhI vaha naitika vikAsa meM bAdhaka avazya mAnI gayI hai| gItA meM kRSNa kahate haiM ki mAyA ke dvArA jinake jJAna kA apaharaNa ho gayA hai, aise AsurI svabhAva se yukta, dUSita karmoM kA AcaraNa karane vAle, manuSyoM meM nIca, mUrkha mujha paramAtmA ko prApta nahIM hote| sArAMza yaha hai ki manovRttiyoM ke cAroM rUpa, jinheM jaina vicAraNA kaSAya kahatI hai, gItA meM bhI nikRSTa mAne gaye haiM aura naitika evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie inakA parityAga karanA Avazyaka hai| gItAkAra kI dRSTi meM jo manuSya isa zarIra ke nAza hone ke pahale hI kAma aura krodha se utpanna AvegoM (saMvegoM) ko sahana karane meM samartha haiM arthAt jo kAma evaM krodha kI bhAvanAoM se Upara uTha gayA hai, vahI yogI hai aura vahI sukhI hai| kAma-krodhAdi (kaSAya-vRttiyoM se rahita, vijita-citta evaM vikAra rahita AtmA ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnane vAlA jJAnI puruSa sabhI ora se brahma-nirvANa meM hI nivAsa karatA hai arthAt jIvanamukta ho jAtA hai|40 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra-darzanoM meM bhI jainadarzana ke samAna krodha (Aveza), mAna (ahaMkAra), mAyA (chipAne kI vRtti) aura lobha (saMgraha-vRtti) Adi AvegoM ko vaiyaktika AdhyAtmika vikAsa evaM sAmAjika sambandhoM kI zuddhi kI dRSTi se anucita mAnA gayA hai| yadi vyakti ina AvegAtmaka manovRttiyoM ko apane jIvana meM sthAna detA hai to eka ora vaiyaktika dRSTi se vaha apane AdhyAtmika vikAsa ko avaruddha karatA hai aura yathArtha bodha se vaMcita rahatA hai, dUsarI ora usakI ina vRttiyoM ke pariNAma sAmAjika jIvana meM saMkrAnta hokara kramaza: saMgharSa (yuddha), zoSaNa, ghRNA (U~ca-nIca kA bhAva) aura avizvAsa ko utpanna karate haiM jisake pariNAmasvarUpa sAmAjika jIvana-vyavasthA asta-vyasta ho jAtI hai ata: vaiyaktika-AdhyAtmika vikAsa aura sAmaJjasyapUrNa sAmAjika jIvana praNAlI ke lie AvegAtmaka manovRttiyoM kA tyAga Avazyaka hai aura inake sthAna para inakI pratipakSI zAnti, samAnatA, saralatA
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________________ (vizvasanIyatA) aura visarjana (tyAga) kI manovRttiyoM ko jIvana meM sthAna denA cAhie tAki vaiyaktika evaM sAmAjika jIvana kA vikAsa ho ske| vyakti jaise-jaise ina AvegAtmaka manovRttiyoM se Upara uThatA hai, vaise-vaise usakA vyaktitva paripakva banatA jAtA hai aura jaba ina AvegAtmaka manobhAvoM se pUrNatayA Upara uTha jAtA hai, taba vItarAga, arhat yA jIvanamukta avasthA ko prApta kara letA hai, jo ki naitika jIvana kA sAdhya hai| Adhunika manovijJAna kI dRSTi se ise paripakva vyakti (Matured Personality) kI avasthA kahA jA sakatA hai| kaSAya evaM hamArA vyaktitva- hamAre vyaktitva kA sIdhA sambandha hamAre kaSAya sambandhI AvegoM se hai| ina AvegoM kI jitanI adhika tIvratA hogI, vyaktitva meM utanI hI adhika asthiratA hogii| vyakti jitanA kaSAyoM yA AvegoM se Upara uThegA, usake vyaktitva meM sthiratA evaM paripakvatA AtI jaayegii| isI prakAra vyakti meM vAsanAtmaka AvegoM (kaSAyoM) kI jitanI adhikatA hogI, naitika dRSTi se usakA vyaktitva utanA hI nimnastarIya hogaa| AvegoM (manovRttiyoM) kI tIvratA aura unakI azubhatA donoM hI vyaktitva ko prabhAvita karatI haiN| vastuta: AvegoM meM jitanI adhika tIvratA hogI, utanI vyaktitva meM asthiratA hogI aura vyaktitva meM jitanI adhika asthiratA hogI utanI hI anaitikatA hogii| AvegAtmaka asthiratA anaitikatA kI jananI hai| isa prakAra AvegAtmakatA, naitikatA aura vyaktitva tInoM hI eka-dUsare se jur3e haiN| yahA~ yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki vyakti ke sandarbha meM na kevala AvegoM kI tIvratA para vicAra karanA cAhie varan unakI prazastatA aura aprazastatA para bhI vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| prAcIna kAla se hI vyakti ke AvegoM tathA manobhAvoM ke zubhatva evaM azubhatva kA sambandha hamAre vyaktitva se jor3A gayA hai| AcAra darzana meM vyaktitva ke vargIkaraNa yA zreNI-vibhAjana kA AdhAra vyakti kI prazasta aura aprazasta manovRttiyA~ hI haiN| sandarbha : 1. vizeSAvazyakabhASya- 2668-2671 / 2. tuma anantazakti ke strota ho, pR0 47 / 3. abhidhAnarAjendra koza, khaNDa 3, pR0 395 / bhagavatIsUtra, 12/5/2 / 5. aMgutaranikAya, 3/130 / bhagavatIsUtra, 15/5/5 / 7. tulanA kIjie- jIvanavRtti aura mRtyuvRtti (phraaydd)|
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________________ 8. abhidhAnarAjendrakoza, khaNDa 7, pR0 1157 / 9. vahI, khaNDa 6, pR0 467 / 10-11. vahI, khaNDa 4, pR0 2161 / 12. abhidhAnarAjendrakoza, zramaNaAvazyakasUtra-bhayasUtra, khaNDa 7, pR0 1157 / 13. jaina sAikolaoNjI, pR0 131-134 / 14. tuma ananta zakti ke srota ho, pR0 47 / 15. dazavaikAlika, 8/36 / 16. vahI, 8/37 / 17. yogazAstra, 4/10-18 / 18. naitikatA kA gurutvAkarSaNa, pR0 2 / 19. uttarAdhyayana, 9/54 / 20. dazavaikAlika, 5/2/35 / 21. spInojA ina dI lAITa oNpha vedAnta, pR0 266 / 22. spInojA nIti, 4/7 / 23. dazavaikAlika, 8/39 / 24. (a) niyamasAra, 115 / (ba) yogazAstra 8/23 / 25. dhammapada, 1/16 / 26. mahAbhArata, udyogaparva, uddhRta-dhammapada, bhUmikA, pRSTha 9. 27. niyamasAra, 81. 28. sUtrakRtAMga, 1/4/12-13. 29. dhammapada, 9-10 / 30. saMyuktanikAya, 3/3/3 / 31. vahI, 40/13/1 / 32. suttanipAta, 7/1 / 33. vahI, 6/14 / 34. chAndogyopaniSad, 7/26/2 / 35. mahAbhArata zAMtiparva, 244/3 /
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________________ 36. gItA, 16/4 / 37. vahI, 16/4 / 38. vahI, 16/21-245 39. vahI, 7/15] 40. vahI, 5/23 //