Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 'karmastava' mantha racanA kA uddezya 'karmavipAka' nAmaka prathama karmagrantha meM kama kI mUla tathA uttara prakRtiyA~ kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| usameM bandha yogya, udaya-udIraNA-yogya aura sattA yogya prakRtiyoM kI judI-judI saMkhyA bhI dikhalAI gaI hai| aba una prakRtiyoM ke bandha kI, udaya-udIraNA kI aura sattA kI yogyatA ko dikhAne kI AvazyakatA hai| so isI AvazyakatA ko pUrA karane ke uddezya se isa dUsare kama grantha kI racanA huI hai| viSaya-varNana-zailI saMsArI jIva ginatI meM ananta haiM / isalie unameM se eka vyakti kA nirdeza karake una saba kI bandhAdi saMbandhI yogyatA ko dikhAnA asaMbhava hai| isake atirikta eka vyakti meM bandhAdi saMbandhI yogyatA bhI sadA eka sI nahIM rahatI: kyoMki pariNAma va vicAra ke badalate rahane ke kAraNa bandhAdi viSayaka yogyatA bhI prati samaya badalA karatI hai| ataeva aAtmadarzI zAstrakAroM ne dehadhArI jIvoM ke 14 varga kiye haiN| yaha vargIkaraNa, unakI zrAbhyantara zuddhi kI utkrAntiapakrAnti ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai / isI vargIkaraNa ko zAstrIya paribhASA meM guNasthAna-krama kahate haiN| guNasthAna kA yaha krama aisA hai ki jisase 14 vibhAgoM meM sabhI dehadhArI jIvoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai jisase ki ananta dehadhAriyoM kI bandhAdi saMbandhI yogyatA ko 14 vibhAgoM ke dvArA batalAnA sahaja ho jAtA hai aura eka jIva-vyakti kI yogyatA-jo prati samaya badalA karatI hai- usakA bhI pradarzana kisI na kisI vibhAga dvArA kiyA jA sakatA hai / saMsArI jIvoM kI Antarika zuddhi ke taratamabhAva kI pUrI vaijJAnika jA~ca karake guNasthAnaM krama kI racanA kI gaI hai| isase yaha batalAnA yA samajhanA sarala ho gayA hai ki amuka prakAra kI prAntarika azuddhi yA zuddhivAlA jIva, itanI hI prakRtiyoM ke bandha kA, udaya-udIraNA kA aura sattA kA adhikArI ho sakatA hai / isa karma grantha meM ukta guNasthAna krama ke AdhAra se hI jIvoM kI bandhAdi-saMbaMdhI yogyatA ko batalAyA hai| yahI isa grantha kI viSaya-varNana-zailI hai|
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 246 jaina dharma aura darzana viSaya-vibhAga isa graMtha ke viSaya ke mukhya cAra vibhAga haiM-(1) bandhAdhikAra, (2) udayAdhikAra, (3) udIraNAdhikAra aura (4) sattAdhikAra / / ___ bandhAdhikAra meM guNasthAna-krama ko lekara pratyeka guNasthAna-vartI jIvoM kI bandha yogyatA ko dikhAyA hai| isI prakAra udayAdhikAra meM, unakI udaya-saMbandhI yogyatA ko, udIraNAdhikAra meM udIraNA saMvandhI yogyatA ko aura sattAdhikAra meM sattA saMbandhI yogyatA ko dikhAyA hai| ukta cAra adhikAroM kI ghaTanA jisa vastu para kI gaI hai, isa vastu-guNasthAna-krama kA nAma nirdeza bhI grantha ke prArambha meM hI kara diyA gayA hai / ataeva, isa grantha kA viSaya, pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhAjita ho gayA hai| sabase pahale, guNasthAna-krama kA nirdeza aura pIche kramazaH pUrvokta cAra adhikaarii| 'karmastava' nAma rakhane kA abhiprAya AdhyAtmika vidvAnoM kI dRSTi, sabhI pravRtiyoM meM AtmA kI ora rahatI hai| ve, kareM kucha bhI para usa samaya apane sAmane eka aisA Adarza upasthita kiye hote haiM ki jisase unakI AdhyAtmika mahattvAbhilASA para jagata ke AkarSaNa kA kucha bhI asara nahIM hotA / una logoM kA aTala vizvAsa hai ki 'ThIka-ThIka lakSita dizA kI ora jo jahAja calatA hai vaha, bahuta kara vighna bAdhAoM kA zikAra nahIM hotaa| yaha vizvAsa, karmagrantha ke racayitA AcArya meM bhI thA. isase unhoMne grantha-racanA viSayaka pravRtti ke samaya bhI mahAn zrAdarza ko apanI najara ke sAmane rakhanA cAhA / granthakAra kI dRSTi meM Adarza the bhagavAn mahAvIra / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jisa karmakSaya rUpa asAdhAraNa guNa para granthakAra mugdha hue the usa guNa ko unhoMne apanI kRti dvArA darzAnA cAhA / isalie prastuta grantha kI racanA unhoMne apane Adarza bhagavAn mahAvIra kI stuti ke bahAne se kI hai| isa grantha meM mukhya varNana, karma ke bandhAdi kA hai, para vaha kiyA gayA hai stuti ke bahAne se / ataeva, prastuta grantha kA arthAnurUpa nAma karmastava rakhA gayA hai| grantha racanA kA AdhAra isa grantha kI racanA 'prAcIna karmastava' nAmaka dUsare karma grantha ke AdhAra para huI hai| usakA aura isakA viSaya eka hI hai / bheda itanA hI hai ki isakA parimANa prAcIna grantha se alpa hai| prAcIna meM 55 gAthAe~ haiM, para isameM 34 / jo bAta prAcIna meM kucha vistAra se kahI hai use isameM parimita zabdoM ke dvArA kaha diyA hai / yadyapi vyavahAra meM prAcIna karmagrantha kA nAma 'karmastava' hai, para
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ karmastava 247 usake zrArambha kI gAthA se spaSTa jAna par3atA hai ki usakA asalI nAma, 'bandhodaya sattvayuktastava' hai / yathA namiUNa jivariMde tihuyaNavaranANadaMsaNapaIve / vaMdhudayasaMtataM vocchAmi thayaM nisAmeha // 1 // prAcIna ke AdhAra se banAe gae isa karmagrantha kA 'karmastava' nAma kartA ne isa grantha ke kisI bhAga meM ullikhita nahIM kiyA hai, tathApi isakA 'karmastava' nAma hone meM koI saMdeha nahIM hai / kyoMki isI grantha ke karttA zrI devendrasUri ne apane race tIsare karmagrantha ke anta meM 'nevaM kammatthayaM souM ' isa aMza se usa nAma kA kathana kara hI diyA hai| stava zabda ke pUrva meM 'bandhodayasattva' yA 'karma' koI bhI zabda rakhA jAe, matalaba eka hI hai / parantu isa jagaha isakI carcA, kevala isalie kI gaI hai ki prAcIna dUsare karma grantha ke aura gommaTasAra ke dUsare prakaraNa ke nAma meM kucha bhI pharaka nahIM hai| yaha nAma kI ekatA, zvetAmbara - digambara AcAryoM ke grantha- racanA-viSayaka pArasparika anukaraNa kA pUrA pramANa hai / yaha bAta dhyAna dene yogya hai ki nAma sarvadA samAna hone para bhI gommaTasAra meM to 'stava' zabda kI vyAkhyA bilakula vilakSaNa hai, para prAcIna dvitIya karmagrantha meM tathA usakI TIkA meM 'stava' zabda ke usa vilakSaNa artha kI kucha bhI sUcanA nahIM hai / isase yaha jAna par3atA hai ki yadi gommaTasAra ke bandhodayasattvayukta nAma kA Azraya lekara prAcIna dvitIya karmagrantha kA vaha nAma rakhA gayA hotA to usakA vilakSaNa artha bhI isameM sthAna pAtA / isase yaha kahanA par3atA hai ki prAcIna dvitIya karmagrantha kI racanA gommaTasAra se pUrva huI hogI / gommaTasAra kI racanA kA samaya vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI batalAyA jAtA hai-prAcIna dvitIya karmagrantha kI racanA kA samaya tathA usake kartA kA nAma Adi jJAta nahIM / parantu usakI TIkA karane vAle 'zrI govindAcArya' haiM jo zrI devanAga ke ziSya the| zrI goviMdAcArya kA samaya bhI saMdeha kI taha meM chipA hai para unakI banAI huI TIkA ko prati--jo vi0 saM0 1277 meM tAr3apatra para likhI huI hai-- milatI hai| isase yaha nizcita hai ki unakA samaya, vi0 saM0 1277 se pahale honA cAhie / yadi anumAna se TIkAkAra kA samaya 12 vIM zatAbdI mAnA jAe to bhI yaha anumAna karane meM koI Apatti nahIM ki mUla 'dvitIya karmagrantha kI racanA usase sau-do sau varSa pahale hI honI cAhie | isase yaha ho sakatA hai ki kadAcit usa dvitIya karmagrantha kA hI nAma gommaTasAra meM liyA gayA ho aura svataMtratA dikhAne ke lie 'stava' zabda kI vyAkhyA bilakula badala dI gaI ho / astu, isa viSaya meM kucha bhI nizcita karanA sAhasa hai / yaha
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 2485 jaina dharma aura darzana anumAna sRSTi, vartamAna lekhakoM kI zailI kA anukaraNa mAtra hai / isa navIna dvitIya karmagrantha ke praNetA zrI devendrasUri kA samaya zrAdi pahale karmagrantha kI prastAvanA se jAna lenA / gommaTasAra meM 'stava' zabda kA sAMketika artha isa karmagrantha meM guNasthAna ko lekara bandha, udaya, udIraNA aura sattA kA vicAra kiyA hai vaise hI gommaTasAra meM kiyA hai / isa karmagrantha kA nAma to 'karmastava' hai para gommaTasAra ke usa prakaraNa kA nAma 'bandhodaya sattva-yukta-stava' jo 'bandhudayasattattaM ghAdese thavaM vocchaM' isa kathana se siddha hai ( go0 karma0 gA0 76 ) / donoM nAmoM meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM hai / kyoMki karmastava meM jo 'karma' zabda hai usI kI jagaha 'baMdhodayasatvayukta' zabda rakhA gayA hai / parantu 'stava' zabda donoM nAmoM meM samAna hone para bhI, usake artha meM bilakula bhinnatA hai / 'karmastava' meM 'stava' zabda kA matalaba stuti se hai jo sarvatra prasiddha hI hai para gommaTasAra meM 'stava' zabda kA stuti artha na karake khAsa sAMketika kiyA gayA hai / isI prakAra usameM 'stuti' zabda kA bhI pArabhASika artha kiyA hai jo aura kahIM dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| jaise sayalaMgekkaMgekkaMgahiyAra savitthara sasaMkhevaM / varaNaNasatthaM thayathuidhamma kahA hoi giyameNa || - go0 karma0 gA0 da arthAt kisI viSaya ke samasta aMgoM kA vistAra yA saMkSepa se varNana karane vAlA zAstra 'stava' kahalAtA hai, eka aMga kA vistAra yA saMkSepa se varNana karanevAlA zAstra 'stuti' aura eka aMga ke kisI adhikAra kA varNana jisameM hai vaha zAstra 'dharma kathA' kahatA hai / isa prakAra viSaya aura nAmakaraNa donoM tulyaprAya hone para bhI nAmArtha meM jo bheda pAyA jAtA hai, vaha saMpradAya-bheda tathA grantha racanA - saMbaMdhI deza-kAla ke bheda kA pariNAma jAna par3atA hai / guNasthAna kA saMkSipta sAmAnya svarUpa AtmA kI avasthA kisI samaya ajJAnapUrNa hotI hai / vaha avasthA sabase prathama hone ke kAraNa nikRSTa hai / usa avasthA se AtmA apane svAbhAvika cetanA, cAritra Adi guNoM ke vikAsa kI badaulata nikalatA hai aura dhIre-dhIre una zaktiyoM ke vikAsa ke anusAra utkrAnti karatA huA vikAsa kI pUrNakalA - aMtima hRda ko pahu~ca jAtA hai| pahalI nikRSTa avasthA se
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 246 guNasthAna krama nikalakara vikAsa kI nAkhirI bhUmi ko pAnA hI AtmA kA parama sAdhya hai / isa parama sAdhya kI siddhi hone taka zrAtmA ko eka ke bAda dUsarI, dUsarI ke bAda tIsarI aisI kramika aneka avasthAoM meM se gujaranA par3atA hai| inhIM zravasthA kI zreNI ko 'vikAsa krama' yA 'utkrAMti mArga' kahate haiM; aura jainazAstrIya paribhASA meM use 'guNasthAna- kama' kahate haiM / isa vikAsa krama ke samaya honevAlI AtmA kI bhinna-bhinna avasthAoM kA saMkSepa 14 bhAgoM meM kara diyA hai / ye 14 bhAga guNasthAna ke nAma se prasiddha haiM / digambara sAhitya meM 'guNasthAna' artha meM saMkSepa, ogha sAmAnya aura jIvasamAsa zabdoM kA bhI prayoga dekhA jAtA hai | 14 guNasthAnoM meM prathama kI apekSA dUsarA, dUsare kI apekSA tIsarA - isa prakAra pUrvapUrvavartI guNasthAna kI apekSA para paravartI guNasthAnoM meM vikAsa kI mAtrA adhika rahatI hai / vikAsa kI nyUnAdhikatA kA nirNaya Atmika sthiratA kI nyUnAdhikatA para avalaMbita hai / sthiratA, samAdhi aMtardRSTi, svabhAva- ramaNa, svonmukhatA --- ina satra zabdoM kA matalaba eka hI hai| sthiratA kA tAratamya darzana aura cAritrya-zakti kI zuddhi ke tAratamya para nirbhara hai| darzana zakti kA jitanA adhika vikAsa jitanI adhika nirmalatA utanA hI adhika prAvibhava sadvizvAsa, sadruci, sadbhakti, satzraddhA yA satyAgraha kA samajhie / darzana zakti ke vikAsa ke bAda cAritra zakti ke vikAsa kA krama AtA hai / jitanAjitanA cAritra-zakti kA adhika vikAsa utanA utanA adhika zrAvirbhAva kSamA, saMtoSa, gAmbhIrya, indriya-jaya Adi cAritra guNoM kA hotA hai / jaise-jaise darzana zakti va cAritra zakti kI vizuddhi bar3hatI jAtI hai, taise-taise sthiratA kI mAtrA bhI adhika adhika hotI jAtI hai / darzana-zakti va cAritra zakti kI vizuddhi kA bar3hanAghaTanA, una zaktiyoM ke pratibaMdhaka ( rokanevAle ) saMskAroM kI nyUnatA - adhikatA yA mandatA- tIvratA para avalaMbita hai| prathama tIna guNasthAnoM meM darzana - zakti caritra-zakti kA vikAsa isalie nahIM hotA ki unameM una zaktiyoM ke pratibaMdhaka saMskAroM kI adhikatA yA tIvratA hai / caturtha Adi guNa sthAnoM meM ve hI pratibandhaka saMskAra kama (manda) ho jAte haiM; isase una guNasthAnoM meM zaktiyoM kA vikAsa Arambha ho jAtA hai / / . T ina pratibandhaka ( kaSAya ) saMskAroM ke sthUla dRSTi se 4 vibhAga kiye haiM / ye vibhAga una kASAyika saMskAroM kI vipAka zakti ke taratama bhAva para Azrita haiM / unameM se pahalA vibhAga - jo darzana zakti kA pratibandhaka hai-use darzanamoha tathA zranantAnubandhI kahate haiN| zeSa tIna vibhAga cAritra zakti ke pratibandhaka haiN| unako yathAkrama pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa, pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa aura saMjvalana kahate
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 250 jaina dharma aura darzana haiN| prathama vibhAga kI tIvratA, nyUnAdhika pramANa meM tIna guNasthAnoM (bhUmikAoM) taka rahatI hai| isase pahale tIna guNasthAnoM meM darzana-zakti ke avirbhAva kA sambhava nahIM hotA / kaSAya ke ukta prathama vibhAga kI alpatA, mandatA yA abhAva hote hI darzana-zakti vyakta hotI hai / isI samaya zrAtmA kI dRSTi khula jAtI hai / dRSTi ke isa unmeSa ko vivekakhyAti, bhedajJAna, prakRti-puruSAnyatA-sAkSAtkAra aura brahmajJAna bhI kahate haiM / isa zuddhidRSTi se AtmA jar3a-cetana kA bheda, asaMdigdha rUpa se jAna letA hai / yaha usake vikAsa krama kI cauthI bhUmikA hai isI bhUmikA meM se baha antardRSTi bana jAtA hai aura Atma mandira meM vartamAna tAttvika paramAtma svarUpa ko dekhatA hai / pahale kI tIna bhUmikAoM meM darzana moha aura anantAnubandhI nAma ke kaSAya saMskAroM kI prabalatA ke kAraNa AtmA apane paramAtma-bhAva ko dekha nahIM sakatA / usa samaya vaha barhiSTi hotA hai | darzanamoha Adi saMskAroM ke vega ke kAraNa usa samaya usakI dRSTi itanI asthira va caMcala bana jAtI hai ki jisase vaha apane meM hI vartamAna paramAtma svarUpa yA Izvaratva ko dekha nahIM sakatA / Izvaratva bhItara hI hai, parantu hai vaha atyanta sUkSma; isalie sthira va nirmala dRSTi ke dvArA hI usakA darzana kiyA jA sakatA hai| cauthI bhUmikA yA cauthe guNasthAna ko paramAtma-bhAva ke yA Izvaratva ke darzana kA dvAra kahanA caahie| aura utanI hada taka pahu~ce hue AtmA ko antarAtmA kahanA cAhie / isake viparIta pahalI tIna bhUmikAoM meM vartane ke samaya, AtmA ko bahirAtmA kahanA cAhiye / kyoMki vaha usa samaya bAharI vastuoM meM hI zrAtmatva kI bhrAnti se idhara-udhara daur3a lagAyA karatA hai | cauthI bhUmikA meM darzana moha tathA anantAnubandhI saMskAroM kA vega to nahIM rahatA, para cAritra-zakti ke zrAvaraNa-bhUta saMskAroM kA vega avazya rahatA hai / unameM se apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa saMskAra kA vega cauthI bhUmikA se zrAge nahIM hotA isase pA~cavIM bhUmikA meM cAritra zakti kA prAthamika vikAsa hotA hai; jisase usa samaya AtmA, indriya-jaya yama-niyama Adi ko thor3e bahuta rUpa meM karatA hai -- thor3e bahuta niyama pAlane ke lie sahiSNu ho jAtA hai / pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa nAmaka saMskAra -- jinakA vega pA~cavIM bhUmikA se Age nahIM hai- -unakA prabhAva par3ate hI cAritra-zakti kA vikAsa aura bhI bar3hatA hai, jisase AtmA bAharI bhogoM se haTakara pUrA saMnyAsI bana jAtA hai / yaha huIM vikAsa kI chaThI bhUmikA / isa bhUmikA meM bhI cAritra zakti ke tripakSI 'saMjvalana' nAma ke saMskAra kabhI-kabhI Udhama macAte haiM, jisase cAritra - zakti kA vikAsa damatA nahIM, antarAya isa prakAra Ate haiM, jisa prakAra vAyu ke vega ke kAraNa, dIpa kI jyoti para usakI zuddhi yA sthiratA meM
Page #7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ guNasthAna-krama 251 kI sthiratA va adhikatA meN| AtmA jaba 'saMjvalana' nAma ke saMskAroM ko dabAtA hai, taba utkrAnti patha kI sAtavIM Adi bhUmikAoM ko lA~ghakara gyArahavIM bArahavIM bhUmikA taka pahu~ca jAtA hai / bArahavIM bhUmikA meM darzana-zakti va cAritra-zakti ke vipakSI saMskAra sarvathA naSTa ho jAte haiM, jisase ukta donoM zaktiyA~ pUrNa vikasita ho jAtI haiN| tathApi usa avasthA meM zarIra kA saMbandha rahane ke kAraNa AtmA kI sthiratA paripUrNa hone nahIM paatii| vaha caudahavIM bhUmikA meM sarvathA pUrNa bana jAtI hai aura zarIra kA viyoga hone ke bAda vaha sthiratA, vaha cAritra-zakti apane yathArtha rUpa meM vikasita hokara sadA ke liye eka sI rahatI hai / isI ko mokSa kahate haiM / mokSa kahIM bAhara se nahIM aataa| vaha AtmA ko samagra zaktiyoM kA. paripUrNa vyakta honA mAtra hai mokSasya na hi vAso'sti na grAmAntarameva ca / ajJAna-hRdayagranthinAzo mokSa iti smRtaH // ziva gItA--13-32 __ yaha vikAsa kI parAkASTha, yaha paramAtma-bhAva kA abheda, yaha. cauthI bhUmikA (guNa sthAna) meM dekhe hue Izvaratva kA tAdAtmya, yaha vedAntiyoM kA brahma-bhAva yaha jIva kA ziva honA aura yahI utkAnti mArga kA antima sAdhya hai| isI sAdhya taka pahu~cane ke lie AtmA ko virodhI saMskAroM ke sAtha lar3ate-jhagar3ate, unheM dabAte, utkrAnti mArga kI jina-jina bhUmikAoM para AnA par3atA hai, una. bhUmikAoM ke krama ko hI 'guNasthAna krama' samajhanA caahie| yaha to huA guNasthAnoM kA sAmAnya svarUpa / una sabakA vizeSa svarUpa thor3e bahuta vistAra ke sAtha isI karmagrantha kI dUsarI gAthA kI vyAkhyA meM likha diyA gayA hai / I0 1921] [dvitIya karmagrantha kI prastAvanA