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________________ bundelakhaMDa ke jaina tIrtha : jinamUrti-lekha-vizleSaNa : tIrthakara mAnyatA evaM bhaTTAraka paramparA DaoN0 ena0 ela0 jaina, jaina kendra, rIvA vizva ke itihAsa meM sadaiva hI vibhinna kSetroM meM aise mahApuruSoM kA janma hotA rahA hai jinhoMne dukhI mAnava ko sAMsArika evaM AdhyAtmika dRSTi se sukha aura zAnti kI prApti ke liye mArgadarzI evaM preraka upadeza diye| saMsAra ko samudra kI upamA dekara usakI athAha eva bhayaMkara gaharAI ko pAra karane meM ina upadezoM ne mAnava kI mahAna sevA kI hai| aise vyaktiyoM dvArA upadiSTa mArga dharmatIrtha khlaayaa| ye mahApuruSa jagama tIrtha kahalAte haiN| isake kriyAkalApoM se, paJcakalyANakoM se sambandhita viziSTa sthAna, kSetra va bhUmiyAM sthAvara tIrtha kahalAte haiN| ye sthAvara tIrtha aneka prakAra ke hote haiM aura unheM maMgalamaya mAnA jAtA hai| unakI yAtrA ko puNyamaya evaM dhyAnasAdhaka kahA jAtA hai / inakI yAtrA ke samaya mahApuruSoM ke puNya kAryoM kA smaraNa aura tadanurUpa AcaraNa kI zubha preraNA prApta hotI haiM, antaraMga udAra hotA hai, bhAvanAyeM nirmala hotI haiN| bhAvazuddhi ke preraka ye tothasthAna jaina saMskRti ke pratIka ke rUpa meM sadA-se hI mAne jAte rahe haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhArata meM sarvatra inakA sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai| inake astitva se yaha bhI anumAna lagatA hai ki jaina dharma evaM saMskRti samagna bhArata meM vyApaka rUpa se pratiSThita rahI hai| vartamAna meM to isakA mahatva aura vistAra aura bhI vyApaka hotA jA rahA hai / prArambha meM tIrtha sthAna zabda dhArmika dRSTi se preraka sthAnoM ko nirUpita karatA rahA hai| sAmAnyataH do prakAra ke tIrthasthAnoM ko isa dRSTi se mahatva prApta hai : siddha tIrtha aura atizaya tIrtha / Ajakala 'tIrtha' zabda ke sthAna para 'kSetra' zabda adhika prayukta hotA hai| siddha kSetra aise sthAna hai jahA~ se vyaktiyoM evaM mahAmAnavoM ne apanA carama AdhyAtmika vikAsa kara parama pada pAyA ho / aise kSetroM meM pArasanAtha, campApura pAvApura (bihAra), girinAra, tathA kailAza (gujarAta) prAcInatA kI dRSTi se prasiddha hai| bundelakhaNDa ke kaMDalagiri, droNagiri, nayanagiri tathA zramaNagiri ke nAma siddha kSetroM meM gine jAte haiN| yaha siddhakSetroM kI koTi kA uttaravartI vikAsa hai| inake viparyApta meM, atizaya kSetra aise sthAna haiM jahA~ bhaktoM, zraddhAluoM yA daivI kAraNoM se dharma kI pratiSThA ko bar3hAne vAlI kucha prabhAvaka ghaTanAeM huI hoM, hotI hoM, yA ho rahI hoN| ina kSetroM kI saMkhyA siddha kSetroM kI tulanA meM adhika hai| zrI mahAvIra jI, papaurA, ahAra, khajurAho Adi ke nAma isa koTi ke kSetroM meM liye jA sakate haiN| ina atizaya kSetroM ko yAtrA bhI zAstroM meM puNyakArI mAno gaI hai| vAdoma siMha, zubhacandra evaM vasunandi ne inakA mahatva batAyA hai| bhArata kA atIta dharmapradhAna evaM AdhyAtmika garimA kA saMvardhaka rahA hai / lekina isakA vartamAna kucha parivardhita pratIta hotA hai| Aja dharmakSetroM ke sAtha kucha anya prakAra ke kSetroM kA bhI jJAna evaM udbhAvana huA hai / inameM aitihAsika, purAtAtvika (devagar3ha), evaM kalAkSetra to Ate ho haiM, aba inameM zimalA, kazmora Adi ke samAna prAkRtika suSamAmaya paryaTana kSetra evaM bhilAI, TATAnagara, vizAkhApaTanam, rUrakelA ke samAna audyogika kSetra bhI samAhita hote lage haiN| inakI yAtrA hamAre vartamAna kI pragati evaM manoramatA kA anubhava karAtI hai aura bhaviSya ko aura bhI sundara banAne ke liye prerita karatI hai| sambhavataH yaho preraNA hamArI AdhyAtmika pragati ko utprerita karatI hai| prastuta lekhana kevala dharmapradhAna kSetroM taka sImita hai aura usakA bhaugolika sImAMkana bhI bundelakhaNDa taka rakhA gayA hai /
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________________ bundelakhaMDa ke jaina tIrtha : 325 bundelakhaNDa kSetra isa kSetra ke bhU-bhAga kA prAcIna nAma cedi deza thaa| isake par3osa meM vatsa janapada thaa| rAjA vasu aura mahArAjA zizupAla cedi vaMza ke ho rAjA the / IsApUrva pahalI dUsarI sado ke kaliMga nareza khAravela ke pUrvaja bhI cedivaMzI the| uttaravartI kAla meM yahA~ kalacuri candela evaM bundela rAjAoM kA zAsana rahA / isa kSetra kA nAma bhI DAhala (tripurI). jaijAka bhukti aura bundelakhaNDa ke rUpa meM parivartita hotA rhaa| vartamAna meM yaha kSetra bundelakhaNDa kahA jAtA hai| isakI somAyeM sAmAnya aura vRhattara bundelakhaNDa ke AdhAra para paribhASita kI jAtI hai| yaha kSetra cambala (gvAliyara) aura namaMdA (huzaMgAbAda), vetravato (devagar3ha) tamasa aura sona (amarakaMTaka) nadiyoM kA madhyavartI kSetra hai| isake antargata vartamAna madhyapradeza ke gvAliyara, hazagAbAda, sAgara, jabalapura tathA rovA kamiznarI kSetra evaM uttarapradeza ke jhAMsI kamiznarI ke kSetra samAhita hote haiN| isake antargata lagabhaga 15-18 jile Ate haiM / yaha kSetra apanI vIratA, dharmapriyatA, dhArmika sahiSNutA, sthApatya kalA evaM mUrtikalA ke liye pichale eka hajAra varSa se vikhyAta hai| isa kSetra ke sAMskRtika vihaMgAvalokana se jJAta hotA hai ki yahAM jaina dharma sadA se mahatvapUrNa evaM prabhAvazAlI rahA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki isa kSetra meM jaina dharma se sambandhita aneka dharmatIrtha eva kalAtIrtha pAye jAte haiN| nita naye utkhananoM se isa kSetra meM jaina saMskRti ke vyApaka prabhAva kA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| tIrtha kisI bhI koTi kA kyoM na ho, vahA~ maMdira aura mUrtiyAM avazya pAye jAte haiM / jahA~ prAcIna mandira sthApatyakalA ke vaibhava ko nirUpita karate haiM, vahIM mandiroM meM pratiSThita jina mUrtiyA~ aura unapara utkIrSa lekha mUrtikalA ke vikAsa evaM tattatkAlIna rAjanItika evaM sAmAjika itihAsa para mahatvapUrNa prakAza DAlate haiN| isa kSetra kI jaina sthApatyakalA para aneka zodhakoM ne mahatvapUrNa vivaraNa diSe haiM, para jina mUrtilekhoM ke vivaraNoM kA samIkSApUrNa adhyayana kama hI huA hai / abhI jaina aura siddhAntazAstrI ke kucha nirIkSaNa-samIkSaNa prakAzita hue haiM / isa kArya ko aura bhI Age bar3hAne kI AvazyakatA hai / prastuta vizleSaNa iso krama meM eka aura prayatna hai / jinamUti-lekhoM kA rUpa aura usake phalitArtha vibhinna kSetroM evaM grAma-nagaroM meM sthita jaina mUrtiyoM para jo lekha pAye jAte hai, unameM nimna sUcanAoM meM se kucha yA pUrI sUcanAyeM rahatI hai : (1) pratiSThA kA saMvat evaM tithi-(saMvat mukhyataH vikramI hotA hai jo IsvI san se 57 varSa adhika hotA hai|) (2) jaina-saMgha evaM anvaya paramparA kA nAma-inameM mUlasaMgha evaM kuMdakuMdAnvaya pramukha pAyA gayA hai| aneka lekhoM meM kASThAsaMgha kA bhI nAma pAyA jAtA hai / isake avAntara gaNa aura gacchoM kI bhI sUcanA rahatI hai| (3) pratiSThAkAraka bhaTTAraka aura unako guru paraMparA kA vivaraNa-yaha paraMparA atiprAcIna lekhoM meM (jaba isa paraMparA kA prAraMbha hI nahIM haA thA athavA yaha prAraMbha ho haI hogI) evaM unSIsavIM sado ke antima dazakoM meM pratiSThita mUrtiyo para prAyaH nahIM pAI jAtI (jaba yaha paraMparA hrAsamAna hone lagI hai)| (4) pratiSThApaka zceSThiyoM, yuruSoM evaM unake kuTumba kA vivaraNa-isa vivaraNa meM kuTumba ke mukhya vyakti kA nAma, usakI patnI evaM putroM Adi kA vivaraNa rahatA hai| sAtha hI, unakI jaina jAti-u pajAtiyoM kA nAma va vivaraNa bhI pAyA jAtA hai / bundelakhaMDa kSetra ko jainamUrtiyoM meM prAyaH golApUrva, paurapaTTa yA paravAra, agrotaka yA agravAla evaM golArAD yA golAlAre jAtiyoM ke nAma pAye jAte hai / inheM 'anvaya' kahA gayA hai / (5) tatkAlIna rAjAoM aura unake vaMzoM kA ullekha-ye ullekha uparokta cAra kI tulanA meM paryApta uttaravartI pratIta hote hai / phira bhI, inase kSetra-vizeSa ke rAjanItika itihAsa ke viSaya meM jAnakArI prApta hotI hai / yaha bho / jJAta hotA hai ki pratiSThAkAlIna rAjA udAravRtti ke the aura sabhI dharmoM kA Adara karate the|
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________________ 326 50 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa (6) mUrtikAra kA nAma evaM vivaraNa evaM pratiSThA kA sthAna vizeSa yaha pAyA gayA hai ki prAyaH mUttilekhoM meM uparokta chahoM koTi kI sUcanAyeM eka sAtha virale hI pAI jAtI haiN| chatarapura ke di0 jaina bar3e maMdira jI meM bha0 pAzrvanAtha kI pratimA para uttIrNa eka aisA hI virala lekha nimna hai : (a) tithi va sambat : samvat 1542 varSe phAguna sudI 5 gurau / (ba) sthAna : zrI gopAcala durge / (sa) rAjanya nAma : mahArAjAdhirAja zrI mAMDyasiMha raajaa| (da) jaina saMgha nAma : zrI kASThAsaMghe / (ya) bhaTTAraka nAma : bhaTThAraka zrI guNanadevaH / (ra) pratiSThApaka vivaraNa : tadAmnAye agrotakAnvaye gargagotre sAmaharAjA tatbhAryA kolhI, putra 4 sAhaNi / isameM zilpakAra ke nAma ko chor3akara anya sabhI sUcanAyeM pAI jAtI hai / anya mUrtiyoM para uparokta meM tIna-cAra prakAra kI hI sUcanAyeM milatI hai| sambat 1548 meM muMDAsA (rAjasthAna) nivAsI jIvarAja pApar3IvAla dvArA pratiSThApita mUrtiyoM ke lekha isI zreNI ke haiM / inameM rAjAoM evaM zilpakAra ke nAma nahIM haiN| eka lekha dekhiye : (a) tithi va saMvat : saMvat 1543 vaizAkha sudo 3 (vAra nahIM hai)| (ba) sthAna : saha su (mu) rAsA zrI (muDAsA rAjasthAna meM hai) (sa) jaina saMgha nAma : zrI mUlasaMghe (va) bhaTTAraka nAma / zrI jinacaMdradeva zAha (ya) pratiSThApaka nAma : jIvarAja pApaDIvAla nityaM praNamate ina lekhoM ke sAmAnya evaM tulanAtmaka adhyayana se hameM jo jAnakArI milatI hai, vaha hamAre sAmAjika, dhArmika evaM aitihAsika mahatva kA samvardhana karatI hai / ina lekhoM kI upayogitA vartamAna meM aneka prakAra se siddha ho rahI hai| udAharaNArtha, zAstrI ne kesariyA-RSabhadeva evaM kaMbhoja-bAhabalI kSetroM ke digambara hone kI paSTi inhIM lekhoM ke AdhAra se kI hai / aneka vivAdoM ke samaya aise lekha kAma Ate haiM / isIliye unhoMne sujhAyA hai ki bhArata ke sabhI sthAnoM para vidyamAna jaina-mUrtiyoM ke lekhoM ko mudrita karAyA jaave| bundelakhaNDa ke jainatIrthoM tathA anya sthAnoM para sthita mandiroM kI jinamUrtiyoM ke lekhoM ke AdhAra para zAstrI me yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki prArambha meM bArahavoM sadI taka isa kSetra meM golApUrva jAti kA mahatva rahA hai kyoMki isa anvaya ke zreSThiyoM dvArA pratiSThApita pratimAyeM hI yahA~ adhikAMza meM upalabdha hotI haiN| nainAgira (1109), bahorIbanva (1187), papaurA (1202) evaM ahAra (1237) ke lekhoM se yaha tathya puSTa hotA hai / bAda meM isa bhUbhAga meM paravAra Adi anya jAtiyoM ke dvArA pratiSThita pratimAyeM milane lagatI hai / isase yaha anumAna sahaja lagatA hai ki isa kSetra me paravAra jAti ke loga sambhavataH gujarAta se bAda meM aae| isI prakAra ina lekhoM ke sUkSma yA gahana adhyayana se anya niSkarSa bho prApta kiye jA sakate hai / hama yahAM tIrthakara-mAnyatA aura bhaTTAraka-paramparA para, ina lekhoM se AdhAra se, kucha carcA kreNge| bahumAnya tIrthakara ___ jaina dharma vartamAna yuga meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI paramparA ko svIkara karatA hai / inakI mUrtiyAM IsA-pUrva sadiyoM meM bananA prArambha huii| vidvAnoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki mUrtiyoM para tIrthakara-pahicAna-paraka lAMchanoM kI paramparA paryApta uttaravartI hai| isIliye aneka prAcIna pratimAoM meM lAMchana (cihna) nahIM pAye jaate| kucha logoM kA aisA bhI kathana hai ki anya dharmoM (hindU, buddha, pArasI evaM IsAI) ke samAna jainoM meM bhI caubIsI kI paramparA uttarakAla meM vikasita huI hai| isake vikAsa ke uparAnta hI lAMchanoM kI prakriyA calI hogii| sAraNI 1 se prakaTa hotA hai ki isa bundelakhaNDa kSetra meM
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________________ bundelakhaMDa ke jaina tIrtha : 327 jina mUrtiyoM para utkIrNa lekha vikramI 919 (devagar3ha, 862 I.) se prApta hone lagate haiN| yaha dekhA gayA hai ki devagar3ha, bAnapura, madanapura, bajaraMga gar3ha, bahorIbanda ,ahAra, khajurAho Adi sthAnoM para 919-1237 vi0 (862-1980 I0) ke bIca bha0 zAntinAtha aura zAnti-kunthu arahanAtha kI hI mukhya pratimAyeM pAI jAtI hai, papaurA evaM nainAgira (AdinAtha, pArzvanAtha) isake apavAda hai| papaurA ke par3osI kSetra jaba bha. zAntinAtha ke pUjaka hoM, taba papaurA meM AdinAtha kI mUla pratimA sthApita ho, yaha tathya aitihAsika aura anya kAraNoM se zodha kA viSaya hai| DA. jyotiprasAda jI ne isa kSetra meM bha0 bhAntinAtha kI pratimAoM kI bahulatA kA kAraNa tatkAlIna yuddha evaM azAntibahula yuga meM zAntipradAtA kI sAraNI 1 : bundelakhaMDa ke katipaya kSetroM evaM nagaroM ke jinamandiroM kI pramukha pratimAoM kA prazasti vivaraNa kramAMka kSetra nagara saMgha bhaTTAraka pratiSThApaka rAjya zilpakAra pratiSThA tIrthaMkara vi0 I. 919 842 zAMtinAtha 1. devagar3ha - kamaladeva ziSya zrIdeva pAhilazreSThI dhaMgarAja 2. bAnapura 3. khajurAho 4. khajurAho 5. nainAgira 1001 944 zAMtinAtha 1011 954 pArzvanAtha 1085 1024 zAMtinAtha / 1109 1057 pArzvanAtha / golApUrvAnvayI patariyA zreSThI siM0 manasukha 6. DerA pahAr3I 1149 1092 zAMtinAtha 7. kuMDalapura 1183 1127 madanapura" 1200 1143 zAMtinAtha 9. papaurA 1202 1145 AdinAtha / / / / 10. papaurA 1202 1145 AdinAtha / / 11. caudharI maMdira, 1202 1145 neminAtha chatarapura 12. bahorIbaMda 1205 1148 zAMtinAtha golApUrvAnvaya madanavarma deva sAhU TaDA suta gopAla sAhU galle - suta alpakana lakSmAditya, madanavarma deva kulAditya golA pUrvAnvayI gayakarNa deva mahAbhoja zreSThi sAlhe gRhapati madanavamaM deva jAhaDa, udaya- paramaddhi deva candra zreSThi pANAzAha Asubhadra 13. khajurAho 14. ahAra 1215 1158 saMbhavanAtha 1237 1180 zAMtinAtha rAmadeva pApaTa 15. bajaraMgagar3ha 1236 1179 zAMtinAtha dhUbIna upAsanA kI kAmanA batAyA hai / bha0 zAntinAtha ke sAtha bha0 AdinAtha aura bha0 pArzvanAtha kI pratimAyeM bhI pAI gaI hai, para saMkhyA kI dRSTi se ye kama hI haiN| khajurAho kI sambhavanAtha kI pratimA bhI eka apavAda hI mAnanI cahiye / yahA~
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________________ 328 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa manoraJjaka tathya yaha hai ki 862-1180 I0 ke bIca isa kSetra meM, bha. mahAvIra kI mUla pratimA nahIM pAI jaatii| kyA mahAvIra isa samaya taka isa kSetra ke liye sujJAna nahIM hue the-yaha viSaya zocanIya hai| uparokta prAcIna pratimAoM ke lekhoM ke AdhAra para nimna niSkarSa aura diye jA sakate haiM: (i) yadyapi jainasaMgha meM mUlasaMgha, kASThAsaMgha, nandisaMgha aura anya saMghoM kI sthApanA bahuta pahale ho cukI thI, para isa kSetra meM bArahavIM sadI taka unakA vizeSa mahatva nahIM thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki prAcIna pratimAoM meM 1180 taka kisI meM bhI saMgha kA ullekha nahIM hai / saMgha kA nAma evaM anya vivaraNa uttaravartI kAla se hI ullikhita milate haiM / (ii) sAraNI 1 se yaha bhI prakaTa hotA hai ki bArahavoM sadI taka isa kSetra meM lekhoM meM pratiSThAkAraka bhaTTArakoM ke nAma nahIM hai| devagar3ha yA bahorIbanda ke pratiSThAkAraka, sambhavataH bhaTTAraka nahIM the| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki bhaTTAraka paramparA isa kSetra meM isa samaya taka prabhAva meM nahIM AI thii| vidvAnoM kI yaha dhAraNA hai ki bhaTTAraka paramparA kA prArambha muslima zAsana kAla meM sambhavataH terahavIM sadI meM huA hai / bha0 prabhAcandra ke praguru bha0 dharmacandra kA pahalA nAma pratiSThita bhaTTAraka ke rUpa meM AtA hai jinhoMne 1275 I0 meM pratiSThAyeM karAI thii"| mUtilekhoM ke AdhAra para bhaTTAraka paramparAoM kA anumAna bundela khaNDa kSetra meM sthita aneka sthAnoM ke jina mandiroM kI mUrtiyoM para utkIrNa lekhoM meM bhaTTAraka paramparA ke sambandha meM aneka sUcanAyeM milatI hai| sarvaprathama hameM 1203 (1146 I0) meM chatarapura meM pratiSThita bha0 neminAtha kI mUrti para trikAlI paMDita devakIti ke ziSya prAkRta cakravartI mANikyanandi kA pratiSThAkAra ke rUpa meM ullekha milatA hai| isameM bhaTTAraka pada aMkita nahIM hai| isI prakAra chatarapura meM hI prApta 1209 (1152 I0) meM pratiSThita eka mUrti para sakalakIti nAma kA ullekha hai, para vahA~ bhI bhaTTAraka pada aMkita nahIM hai, lekina nAma se ye bhaTTAraka pratIta hote haiM / uttaravartI kAla meM isa nAma se aneka bhaTTAraka hue haiM jinameM bhaTTAraka padmanandi ke ziSya (1399-1456 I.) sakalakIti atyanta pratibhAzAlI hue haiN| isake bAda bha0 dharmacandra, bha0 jinacandra Adi kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| aneka matiyoM para bhaTTAraka-paramparA (ziSya-praziSya) kA ullekha milatA hai| vastutaH aise ullekha alpamAtrA meM hI milate hai para ye hI hamAre liye sarvAdhika upayogI haiN| inase jJAta hotA hai ki jainAmnAya ke vibhinna saMghoM (mUla, kASThA, devasena, nandi Adi) meM bhaTTAraka paramparA svatantra rUpa se vikasita huI hogii| bundela khaNDa ke kSetra ke jinamUti lekhoM se tIna prakAra kI bhaTTAraka paramparAoM kA patA calatA hai : (i) mUlasaMgha kuMdakuMdAnvaya (ii) kASThAsaMgha (ii) devasena saMgha inameM mUlasaMghI bhaTTAraka paramparA isa kSetra meM sarvAdhika prabhAvazAlI rahI hai| kASThA saMgha ke kula chaha bhaTTArakoM kA nAma 1389-1542 (1331-1485 I0) ke bIca pAyA gayA hai : (a) bhaTTAraka sahasrakIti-guNakIti-yazaHkIti (1416 ii0)| (ba) bhaTTAraka guNanadeva (1415 I0), gvaaliyr| (sa) bhaTTAraka vizAla kIrti-bhaTTAraka vizvasena (1519 ii.)| yaha saMgha mukhyataH agrotakAnvaya (agravAla) yA gRhapatyanvaya (gahoI) upajAtiyoM se sambandhita hai, aisA pratIta hotA hai| ye jAtiyAM isa kSetra meM kama hI haiM, ataH inake viSaya meM na to adhika ullekha hI mile haiM aura na hI ina para abhI kAI vivaraNa hI prakAzita huA hai|
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________________ bundelakhaMDa ke jaina tIrtha : 329 mUrtilekha saMvat vikramI 1209 1272 1742 1342 1345 1420 1480 1509 1521 1535 1521 1542 1548 1547 1551 1580 1580 1615 1646 1664 sAraNI 2 : mUrtilekhoM meM bhaTTAraka paraMparA bhaTTAraka nAma yA paraMparA mUrtilekha saMvat vikramI sakalakIti 1694 bha0 dharmacaMdra zAha bha0 narendrakIrti bha0 devendrakIti-kSemakIrti 1627 bha0 prabhAcaMdra bha0 jinacaMdra 1713, 16, 18 bha0 jinacaMdra 1718 bha. dharmacaMdra-kanakasAgara bha0 bhuvanakIti (1508-35) 1725, 26 1735 bha. bhuvanakIti bha0 siMhakIrti bha0 padmacaMdra-jinacaMdra 1744 bha0 jinacaMdra 1744 bha0 jinendrabhUSaNa bha0 tribhuvanakIti 1746 bha0 jinacaMdra 1746 bha0 zrutacaMdra pATanI 1754 bha0 padmanaMdi bha. yazakIti-lalitakIti 1755 bha0 jinendra bhUSaNa 1765 bha. jovarAja 1766 bha0 dharmakIrti (nainAgira) 1773 bha0 sakalakIrti yazakIti, lalitakIti, 1779 cakrakIti, caMdrakIrti bha0 lalitakIrti 1793 bha0 dharmakIrti 1798 bha0 lalitakIti-ratnakoti bha* dharmakIti, zIlabhUSaNa, 1799 jJAnabhUSaNa, jagatbhUSaNa 1830 bha0 zIlabhUSaNa-jagatbhUSaNa 1835 bha0 surendrakIti, jinendrakIti, 1839 devendra kIti 1876 bha0 padmakIrti 1893 bhaTTAraka nAma yA paraMparA bha0 devakIrti bha0 lalitakIrti-dharmakIti padmakIti bha0 dharmakIti-zIlabhUSaNajJAnabhUSaNa-jagatabhUSaNa bha0 padmakIti-sakalakIti bha. dharmakIrti-padmakIti sakalakIrti bha0 sakalakIrti bha0 jagadbhUSaNa-vizvabhUSaNa devendrabhUSaNa bha0 jagadbhUSaNa bha0 surendrakIrti bha0 padmakIrti-sakalakIti surendrakIrti bha0 surendrakIrti bha0 jagatkIrti dharmakIti-padmakIti-sakalakItisurendrakIrti sakalakIti-surendrakIti sakalakIti bha0 jagatkoti bha0 vizvabhUSaNa, devendrabhUSaNa, surendrabhUSaNa, lakSmIbhUSaNa bha0 dharmakIti, padmakIrti, sakalakIti, kItideva bha0 devendrakIti, kSemakIti surendrakIti, jinendrakIti, devendrakIrti surendrakIti ziSya paM. bhImasena bha0 jinavara jI bha0 mahendrakIti bha0 jinendrabhUSaNa bha. narendrakIti bha0 surendrakIti 1678 1682 1684 1687 1687, 89 1688 1693 1694
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________________ 330 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa sADaurA (gunA) se prApta eka mUrtilekha se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki saMvat 610 (553 I0) se hI mUla saMgha aura paurapATAnvaya kA ullekha prArambha ho gayA thaa| phira bhI, isa kSetra meM usakA ullekha paryApta uttaravartI dikhatA hai| vastutaH jaina AmnAya meM aneka saMghoM kI sthApanA, dakSiNa evaM uttara bhArata meM, vibhinna samayoM meM huI hai| jaba usa ora ke loga idhara Aye, usake sadiyoM bAda ina saMghoM kA ullekha yahA~ prArambha huA / yahIM nahIM, ina saMghoM kA gaccha aura gaNa ke rUpa meM viziSTIkaraNa bhI huaa| yaha viziSTokaraNa bhI sarvaprathama 1007 (950 I0) meM siroja meM pratiSThita mUrti ke lekha meM pAyA gayA hai| bundela khaMDa kSetra kI adhikAMza mUrtiyoM meM mUlasaMdha ke sarasvatI gaccha evaM balAtkAra gaNa kA ullekha milatA hai nandisaMgha aura kASThAsaMgha uttaravartI hai / mUlasaMgha meM hI bhaTTAraka paramparA, sambhavataH sarvaprathama muslima zAsana kAla-11-12vIM sadI meM pracalita huI hogii| isa paramparA ne aneka mahatvapUrNa kArya kiye jinameM (i) dharma prabhAvanA (ii) pratiSThAyeM (iii) sAhitya-nirmANa (iv) sAhitya-saMrakSaNa ke kArya mukhya haiN| ina kAryoM se hI yaha paramparA lagabhaga 600 varSa taka clii| vi0 1893 (1836 I.) ke bAda bhaTTArakoM ke ullekha isa kSetra meM kama hI milate haiN| aba yaha dakSiNa bhArata ko chor3akara zeSa bhArata meM samAptaprAya hai| jinamUrti lekhoM meM pratiSThApaka bhaTTAraka aura unakI guru-ziSya paramparA kA ullekha milatA hai| ina ullekhoM se bhadrAraka paramparA ke vikAsa kA anumAna sahaja lagAyA jA sakatA thA / para isa paramparA meM prArambhika kAla ko chor3akara bAda meM aneka sthAnoM para ziSya-praziSyoM ne apane pathaka poTha sthApita kara liye| unake aneka uttarAdhikAriyoM ke nAmoM meM samAnatA hone se pratyeka paramparA kA sahI rUpa nizcita kara pAnA kaThina ho gayA hai| bhaTTAraka paramparA ke itihAsa evaM paTTAvaliyoM se patA calatA hai ki dillI, nAgaura, jayapura, ajamera, DuMgarapura, bA~savAr3A, sUrata, khaMbhAta, kAraMjA, nAgapura, zravaNabelagola, sonAgiri, gvAliyara, caMderI evaM anya sthAnoM para samaya-samaya para bhaTrAraka gAdiyA~ sthApita haI jinake apane-apane prabhAva kSetra rahe / bandela khaMDa kSetra meM prApta mUrti lekhoM se patA calatA hai ki isa kSetra meM kASThAsaMgha kI gvAliyara gaddI tathA mUlasaMgha kI aneka gaddiyoM kA prabhAva rahA hai| sAraNI 2 meM isa kSetra meM vibhinna mUrtiyoM para ullikhita bhaTTAraka aura unakI paramparA ke ullekhoM ko saMkSepita kiyA gayA hai| isa AdhAra para hI Age kA samIkSaNa kiyA gayA hai| rIvA, chatarapura, kuMDalapura aura papaurA kI aneka mUrtiyoM para bhaTTAraka paraMparA kA vivaraNa milatA hai / inheM yahA~ diyA jA rahA hai| sabase spaSTa vivaraNa kaMDalapura ke bar3e bAbA ke maMdira ke praveza dvAra para aMkita zilAlekha meM pAyA jAtA hai / yaha vi0 saM0 1757 (1700 I0) kA hai| isa AdhAra para bundelakhaMDa kSetra kI nimna bhaTTAraka-paraMparA mukhyataH pratIta hotI hai : (ma) kuMDalapura kSetra para aMkita bha0 paraMparA (ba) papaurA ko bha0 paraMparA (sa) rIvA kI bha0 paraMparA (da) chatarapura yaza-kIrti yazaHkIti lalitakIti (1591-1640) lalitakIti lalitakIrti lalitakIrti dharmakIrti (1591-1636) ratlakIti dharmakIti dharmakIrti padmakIrti (sakalakIrti) padmakIti sakalacaMdra padma kIti surendrakoti sakalakIrti padmakIti sakalakIti sucaMdagaNa evaM namisAgara (surendrakIti) sakalakIrti surendrakIti (1757) kIrtideva guNakara jinendra kIrti devendrakIti kSemakIrti (ya) chatarapura ke mUrtilekhoM kI vaikalpika paraMparA meM (aTerazAkhA) (i) bha0 jinacaMda, bha0 siMhakIti, bha0 dharmakIrti, bha0 zIlabhUSaNa, bha0 jJAnabhUSaNa, bha0 jagatbhUSaNa, bha0 vizvabhUSaNa, bha0 devendrabhUSaNa, bha0 surendrabhUSaNa, bha0 lakSmIbhUSaNa /
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________________ bundelakhaMDa ke jaina tIrtha : 331 anya paramparAyeM bhI haiM, para virala hai| ye paramparAye mUlasaMdhI haiM aura bha0 padmanandi (1300-94 I0) ke ziSya praziSyoM ne prArambha kI hai / mUlasaMgha kundakundAnvaya kI jerahaTa (mAlavA) zAkhA inake sAkSAt ziSya bha0 devendrakIti ne bha0 sakalakIti ke prabhAva ko niyantrita karane ke liye sUrata se prArambha kI thii| isakI aneka upazAkhAyeM huiiN| isameM bha0 tribhuvanakIti, sahasrakIrti, padmanandi, yazaHkoti, lalitakIrti (ratnakIti), dharmakIrti, padmakIrti evaM anya bhaTTAraka samAhita haiM / bundelakhaNDa kSetra meM pAye jAne vAle adhikAMza mUrtilekhoM meM yahI paramparA pAI jAtI hai / dUsarI mUlasaMgho naI zAkhA bha0 padmanandi ke praziSya bha0 jinacandra ke ziSya siMhakIti ne prArambha kI thii| ise aTera zAkhA kahA jAtA hai| isake kama se kama dasa bhaTTArakoM ke nAma sujJAta hai| ina zAkhAoM ke bhaTTArakoM ke viSaya meM manoraMjaka tathya yaha hai ki sambhavataH ina zAkhAoM ke adhikAMza bhaTTArakoM ke jIvana evaM kriyAvRtta ke viSaya meM abhI taka sahI jAnakArI nahIM hai| jo bhI jAnakArI upalabdha hai, vaha mUrtilekhoM ke AdhAra para hI saMgrahIta hai| ___ina mUrtilekhoM se prathama to yaha bAta spaSTa hotI hai ki bhaTTAraka pratiSThita mUrtiyA~ terahavIM sadI ke prArambha se pramukhatA se milatI haiN| inameM bha, dharmacandra (1215 I0), prabhAcandra (1233-1351), padmanandi (1408) kA samaya evaM kArya adhikAMza meM jJAta hai| inake bAda padmanandi ke ziSya-praziSyoM ne aneka sthAnoM para pRthak-pRthak zAkhAyeM yA gAdiyAM sthApita kii| rAjasthAno gAdiyoM kA to kucha itihAsa milatA bhI hai, para anya sthAnoM kI gAdiyoM kA itihAsa prAyaH aspaSTa hai| jaina saMskRti ke vikAsa, saMrakSaNa evaM prabhAvakatva hetu bhaTTArakoM ke yogadAna ko jAnane ke lie isakA mahatva spaSTa hai| isa dizA meM prayatna Avazyaka hai / udAharaNArtha, bundelakhaNDa kSetra ke jinamUrti lekhoM meM jerahaTa aura aTera zAkhA ke mahatvapUrNa bhaTTArakoM ke viSaya meM joharApura, zAstro evaM kAzalIvAla dvArA pradatta jAnakArI nitAnta apUrNa hai| aTera zAkhA ke saMsthApaka bha0 siMhakIti ke guru bha0 jinacandra (1480-1580) kA paryApta vivaraNa upalabdha hai| inake mAdhyama se seTha jIvarAja pApar3IvAla dvArA pratiSThApita pratimAyeM prAyaH pratyeka jaina mandira meM pAI jAtI hai| para inake viSaya meM jAnakArI kA abhAva hai| para isa zAkhA ke bhaTTArakoM kI paramparA chatarapura kI mUrtiyoM meM milatI hai| yahA~ 1716 I0 meM pratiSThita yantra para bha0 lakSmobhUSaNa ko aTera-paramparA ke nAma diye hue haiN| isake bAda isa paramparA kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| isIprakAra bha0 jinendrabhUSaNa ke dvArA 1782 I0 meM mahatvapUrNa pratiSThA karAI gaI thoM / inakA vivaraNa bhI anupalabdha hai| jerahaTa zAkhA kA sambandha bha0 padmanandi ke ziSya bha0 devendrakoti se hai| ye bha0 sakalakIrti ke samakAlIna the, para inakA pUrNa vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hotaa| inake ziSya bha0 tribhuvanakoti ke dvArA pratiSThita eka mUrti 1494 kI isa kSetra meM pAI gaI hai| inake praziSya bha0 padmanandi ke dvArA 1542 I0 meM pratiSThita eka mUrti bhI yahA~ pAI gaI hai| ina bha0 padmanandi ke viSaya meM bhI jAnakArI apUrNa hai| inake ziSya bha0 yaza.korti 1591 I0 ke pUrva rahe hoMge, aisA pratIta hotA hai kyoMki isa samaya se bha0 lalitakoti dvArA pratiSThita mUrtiyAM milane lagatI hai| ye 1591-1640 I. taka atyanta vizrata bhaTTAraka rahe haiM, para inake viSaya meM koI vivaraNa nahIM milatA / zAstro ne aneka prakaraNoM ke viparyAsa meM. yaha bhI nahIM batAyA ki lalitakIrti nAmaka aneka bhaTTAraka bhI the| vastutaH sakalakIti ke samAna lalitakIti nAma ke aneka bhaTTAraka hue haiN| inameM eka bha0 prabhAcandra ke praziSya evaM bha0 dharmacandra ke ziSya haiM jo 1514-75 I. ke bIca rahe hai aura inakA pramukha kAryakSatra rAjasthAna rahA hai| eka anya lalitakIrti kASThAsaMgha ko dillI gAdo meM hae haiN| inakA bhI vivaraNa nagaNya hI uddhRta hai / jerahaTa gAdI ke bhaTTAraka lalitakIti tIsare hI haiN| kuMDalapura, papaurA, chatarapura Adi meM inakI paramparA kA ullekha hai| mati-pratiSThA ke samaya ke AdhAra para isa paramparA ke bhadArakoM kA sa mAnita kiyA jA sakatA hai| bha0 lalitakIrti ke do pramukha ziSya the, dharmakIti aura ratnakoti / ina dAnoM ne hI matiyoM kI pratiSThA karAI hai| papaurA kSetra para ratna kIti aura dharmakIrti donoM ke dvArA pratiSTita murti chatarapura kI mUrtiyA~ dharmakIrti paramparA meM haiM / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki lalitakIrti ke paTTaziSya dharmakIti hI rahe hoNge| jora pakAta dAnA kahArA prAtAta mUtiyAha / kaDalapUra, rAvA evaM
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________________ 332 paM0 jaganmohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa bha0 ranakoti alpajJAta hoNge| bha. dharmakIrti kA kAryakAla alpa hI rahA hogA, aisA pratIta hotA hai| unhoMne lalitakIti ke samaya meM hI sambhavataH maNDalAcArya ke rUpa meM svatantra pratiSThAyeM karAI hoNgii| inake dvArA pratiSThita eka mUrti nainAgira meM 1609 I0 kI hai| kucha mUrtiyA~ 1627 I0 ko bhI milatI hai| inake ziSya bha0 padmakIti the| inake dvArA 1637 meM pratiSThita eka ma tarapura ke mandiroM meM pAI gaI hai| inakA kAryakAla bhI alpa hI rahA hogaa| inakA vivaraNa bhI upalabdha nahIM hotaa| inake ziSya bha0 sakalakIrti (1656-1670) ke dvArA pratiSThita aneka mUrtiyAM isa kSetra meM pAI jAtI haiM, para inakA jIvanavRtta upalabdha nahIM hotaa| inake ziSya bhaTTAraka surendrakIti rahe hai jinake dvArA pratiSThita mUrtiyA~ 1687-1710 I0 ke bIca pAI jAtI hai| isase anumAna lagatA hai ki bha0 sakalakoti 1685 I0 taka rahe hoNge| bha0 surendrakIti ke ziSyoM meM jinendrakIrti pramukha the| inake ziSya bha0 devendrakorti hue / inake dvArA pratiSThita mUrtiyA~ san 1741-61 kI prApta hotI hai / inake ziSya kSemakIrti hue| unhoMne bhI sama-sAmayika pratiSThAyeM karAI haiN| inake kAphI dIrghakAla bAda bha. surendrakIti kA nAma AtA hai jinake dvArA san 1836 kI eka pratiSThita pratimA pAI gaI hai| isake bAda bhaTTAraka-paramparA kA mUrtilekhoM meM ullekha alpa hI milatA hai| isa vivaraNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki bundelakhaNDa kSetra meM prabhAvI aTera aura jerahaTa kI bhaTrAraka paramparA ke viSaya meM santoSapUrNa jAnakArI kA abhAva hai| isake liye prayatna kiyA jAnA cAhiye / isa kSetra ke sabhI jaina kendroM (torthoM evaM saMsthAoM Adi) ko apanI Aya ke kucha pratizata ko aise aitihAsika evaM sAMskRtika kArya meM satprayukta karanA cAhiye / mUrtilekhoM se anya jAnakAriyAM uparokta jAnakArI ke atirikta mUrtilekhoM se rAjavaMza, matikAra evaM lekhakAra, pratiSThAkAraka gRhasthoM ke ke parivAroM kI nAmAvalI evaM jaina upajAtiyoM ke vivaraNoM kA bhI jJAna hotA hai| isa AdhAra para siddhAntazAstrI jainoM kI paravAra-upajAti ke itihAsa ko lekhabaddha kara rahe haiN| ina jAnakAriyoM kI samIkSA agale nibandha meM kI jaayegii| . sandarbha 1. DA. kastUracandra kAzalIvAla (pra0 saM0); 2. kamalakumAra zAstrI; 3. kamalakumAra jaina; 4. kailAza bhar3avaiyA; 5. nIraja jaina; paM. bAbUlAla jamAdAra abhi0 granya; zAstrI pariSad, baDauta, 1981 peja 353-400 / papaurA darzana, papaurA kSetra, Tokamagar3ha, 1976 / jinamUti prazasti lekha, di0 jena bar3A mandira, chatarapura, 1982 / bAnapura, di0 jaina atizaya kSetra, bAnapura (lalitapura), 1978 / kuMDalapura, suSamA prakAzana, satanA, 1964 / bahorIbanda vaibhava, di0 jaina atizaya kSetra, bahorIbanda, jabalapura, 1984 / paM0 phUlacandra zAstrI abhi0 grantha, kAzo, 1985 / 8. sandarbha 3 peja 28 dekhiye / 9. vahI, peja 13 / 10. vimalakumAra sorayA, 11. kAzalIvAla, ke. sI0 aura joharApurakara vidyAdhara; 12. nemacandra zAstrI; dekhiye sandarbha 1 peja 392 / vIra zAsana ke prabhAvaka AcArya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1975 peja 121 / tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, di. jaina vidvata pariSad, sAgara, 1974 peja 492 /