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________________ jainAgama sAhitya meM stUpa sAgaramala jaina nAgamoM meM stUpa evaM stUpa maha kA sarvaprathama ullekha hameM AcArAMga sUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ( AyAracUlA ) ke tRtIya evaM caturtha adhyayanoM meM milatA hai' / AcArAMga ke pazcAt aMga AgamoM meM sthAnAMga aura praznavyAkaraNa meM; upAMga sAhitya meM jIvAbhigama, jambUdvIpa prajJapti; punaH vyAkhyA sAhitya meM hameM Avazyakaniyukti 6, AvazyakacUrNi, vyavahAracUrNi tathA AcArAMga, * 'bauddha stUpa' para Ayojita antarrASTrIya saMgoSThI ( prA0 bhA0saM0 evaM pu0 vibhAga, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI) meM paThita nibandha | 1 (ka). se bhikkhU vA bhikkhuNI vA gAmANugAmaM dUijmANe "rukzaM vA ceiya-kaDaM, thUbhaM vA ceiyakaDaM " No....... NijjhAejjA / - AcArAMga (dvitIya zrutaskandha- AyAracUlA ), 3 / 47 1 (kha) se bhickhU vA bhikkhuNI vA jahA vegaiyAI ruvAI 'rukAM vA ceiya-kaDaM.... vA, suThukaDe ti vA, "sAhukaDe ti vA, kallANe ti vA " / "sukaDe ti "thUbha - mahesu vA cetiya- mahesu vA " (ga) se bhikkhU vA bhikkhuNI vA " ..... No paDigA hejjA / 2. ......tAsi NaM maNipeDhiyANaM uvariM cattAri cattAri ceiyathUbhA paNNattA / 3 (ka ). citi-vedi - khAtiya- ArAma - vihAra-thUbha "ya aTThAe puDhavi hiMsaMti maMdabuddhiyA / ( kha ). aura bhI dekheM - praznavyAkaraNa, 414 / 4. taheva mahiMdajjhayA cetiyarukkho cetiyathabhe paccatthimillA maNipeDhiyA piDimA / 5. -- jIvAbhigama, 3 / 2 / 142 / ... khippAmeva bho devANuppiA titthagaraciigaM jAvaaNagAraciigaM ca khIrodageNaM NivvAveha, tae NaM te mehakumArA devA vitthagaraciigaM jAva NivvAveMti, tae gaM se sakke deviMde devarAyA bhagavao titthagarassa uvarillaM dAhiNaM sakahaM gehai" 'tae NaM se sakke vayAsI savvarayaNAme mahaimahAlae tao ceiathUbhe kareha / - jambUdvIpaprajJapti, 2 / 33 / 6. nivvANaM ciigAI jiNassa iklAga sesayANaM ca / sakahA thUbha jiNahare jAyaga teNAhiaggitti // - Avazyaka niryukti, 45 / 7 (ka). taNa se sakke bahave bhavaNapati jAva vemANiyA evaM vayAsIkhippAmeva bho tao ceia - thUbhe kaha / -- vahI, 4 / 21 / 'tahappagAraM asaNaM va pANaM vA... ( kha ). thUbhAgaM egaM titthagarassa va sesANaM eguNassa bhAuya sayassa / - vahI, 1124 / ----sthAnAMga, 4 / 339 / - praznavyAkaraNa, 1 / 14 / - Avazyaka cUrNi, RSabhanirvANa prakaraNa, pR0 223 / - Avazyaka cUrNa, aSTapada caitya prakaraNa, pR0 227 //
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________________ jainAgama sAhitya meM stUpa sthAnAMga Adi AgamoM kI TIkAoM meM stUpa, caityastUpa evaM stUpamaha kA ullekha milatA hai| AcArAMga meM svatantra rUpa se stapa zabda kA prayoga na hokara 'caityakRta stapa' (thabhaM, vA ceiyakaDaM)-isa rUpa meM prayoga huA hai| yahA~ ceiyakaDaM zabda ke artha ko spaSTa kara lenA hogA / ceiyakaDaM zabda bhI do zabdoM ke yoga se banA hai-ceiya + kddN| pro0 DhAkI kA kahanA hai ki kaDaM zabda prAkRta kUDa yA saMskRta kUTa kA sUcaka hai, jisakA artha hotA hai-Dhera ( Heap ), vizeSa rUpa se chatrAkAra AkRti kA ddher| isa prakAra ve "ceiyakaDaM" kA artha karate haiM-kuTAkAra yA chatrAkAra caitya tathA thabha ko isakA paryAyavAcI mAnate haiN| kintu merI dRSTi meM 'ceiyakarDa' zabda thUbha ( stUpa ) kA vizeSaNa hai, paryAyavAcI nhiiN| ceiyakaDaM thUbha ( caityIkRta stUpa ) kA tAtparya hai-citA yA zArIrika avazeSoM para nirmita stUpa athavA citA yA zArIrika avazeSoM se sambandhita / sambhavataH ve stUpa jo citA-sthala para banAye jAte the athavA jinameM kisI vyakti ke zArIrika avazeSa rakha diye jAte the, caityIkRta stUpa kahalAte the| yahA~ kaDaM zabda kUTa kA vAcaka nahIM apitu kRta kA vAcaka hai / bhagavatI meM kaDaM zabda kRta kA vAcaka hai / punaH kaDaM kA kUTa karane para 'rukkhaM vA ceiyakaDaM' kA ThIka artha nahIM baitthegaa| "rukkhaM vA ceiyakarDa" kA artha hai-citA-sthala yA asthi Adi ke Upara ropA gayA vRkSa / ceiyakaDaM kA artha pUjanIya bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| pro0 umAkAMta zAha ne yaha artha kiyA bhI hai, kintu merI dRSTi meM yaha paravartI artha-vikAsa kA pariNAma hai| ataH jaina sAhitya meM stUpa zabda ke artha-vikAsa ko samajhane ke lie caitya zabda ke artha-vikAsa ko samajhanA hogaa| saMskRta kozoM meM caitya zabda ke pattharoM kA Dhera, smAraka, samAdhiprastara, yajJamaNDala, dhArmika pUjA kA sthAna, vedI, devamUrti sthApita karane kA sthAna, devAlaya, bauddha aura jaina mandira Adi aneka artha diye gaye haiN| kintu ye vibhinna artha caitya zabda ke artha-vikAsa kI prakriyA ke pariNAma haiN| yAjJavalkyasmRti meM zmazAna-sImA meM sthita puNya sthAna ke rUpa meM bhI caitya zabda kA ullekha 1 (ka). emeva ya sAhUNaM, vaagrnnnimittcchndkhmaadii| biiyaM gilANato me, addhANe ceva thabhe y|| (kha). mahurA khamagA ya, vaNadevaya AuTTa ANavijjatti / ki mama asaMjatIe, appattiya hohitI kajjaM // thUbha vi u ghaNa bhicchU vivAya chammAsa saMgho ko satto / khamagussaggA kaMpaNa khisaNa sUkkA kaya paDAgA // -vyavahAra cuNi, paMcama uddezaka, 26, 27, 28 / 2. pro0 madhusUdana DhAkI se vyaktigata carcA ke AdhAra para unakA yaha mata prastuta kiyA gayA hai / 3. "kaDamANa kaDe"-bhagavatI sUtra, 111 / 1 / 4. "In both the above-mentioned cases, namely, cetita-thubha and the cetitarukkha, the sense of a funeral relic is not fully warranted." --Studies in Jain Art, U. P. Shah, P. 53. 5. saMskRta hindI koza-vAmana zivarAma ApTe, paSTha 327 /
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________________ 134 sAgaramala jaina huA hai| prAcIna jainAgamoM meM bhI citA-sthala para nirmita smAraka ko caitya kahA gayA hai| kinhIM viziSTa vyaktiyoM ke citAsthala para unakI smRti hetu cabUtarA banA diyA jAtA thA, jo caitya kahalAtA thaa| kabhI-kabhI cabUtare ke sAtha-sAtha vahA~ vRkSAropaNa kara diyA jAtA thA, jise caityavRkSa kahA jAtA thaa| yadi yaha smRti-cihna chatrAkAra hotA thA, to yaha caitya-stUpa kahalAtA thA / vAca. spatyam meM mukharahita chatrAkAra ke yakSAyatanoM ke lie caitya zabda kA bhI ullekha hai| sambhavataH isa smRti-cihna meM mRtAtmA ( vyantara ) kA nivAsa mAnakara pUjA jAtA thaa| isa prakAra viziSTa mRta vyakti ke smAraka / smRti-cihna pUjA-sthaloM ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gaye aura pUjanIya mAne jAne lge| pahale jahA~ vyakti ke zava ko jalAyA jAtA hogA, vahA~ caityavRkSa aura caityastUpa banate hoNge| Age calakara vyakti ke kisI zArIrika avazeSa arthAt asthi, rAkha Adi para caitya yA stUpa banAye jAne lge| phira mAtra unheM pUjane ke lie yatra-tatra unake nAma para caitya yA stUpa bne| mUrtikalA kA vikAsa hone para caitya yakSAyatana aura siddhAyatana arthAt yakSa-mandira yA jina-mandira ke rUpa meM vikasita hue| IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI taka jaina sAhitya meM caitya zabda jina-mandira ke artha meM bhI prayukta hone lagA thA aura caityAlaya, caityagRha Adi jina-mandira ke paryAyavAcI mAne jAne lge| kintu jahA~ taka AcArAMga meM prayukta caityakRta-stUpa ke artha kA prazna hai, usameM usakA artha hai-kisI kI smRti meM usake citA-sthala para athavA usake zArIrika avazeSoM para nirmita miTTI, IMToM yA pattharoM kI chatrAkAra AkRti / prArambha meM stUpa kisI ke citA-sthala athavA asthi Adi zArIrika avazeSoM para nirmita IMTa yA pattharoM kI chatrAkAra AkRti hotA thaa| caitya-stUpa ke sAtha-sAtha caitya-vRkSoM kA bhI hameM AcArAMga meM ullekha milatA hai| prathama to kisI vyakti ke dAha-sthala yA samAdhi-sthala para usakI smRti meM vRkSAropaNa kara diyA jAtA hogA aura vahI vRkSa caityavRkSa kahalAtA hogaa| yadyapi Age calakara jaina paramparA meM vaha vRkSa bhI caityavRkSa kahalAne lagA, jisake nIce kisI tIrthakara ko kevala jJAna utpanna hotA thaa| kramazaH ina caitya-vRkSoM evaM caityastapoM kI zraddhAvAna sAmAnyajanoM ke dvArA pUjA kI jAne lgii| AcArAMga meM jina caitya-stapoM kA ullekha hai, ve caitya-stUpa jaina paramparA yA jainadharma se sambandhita haiM-aisA kahanA kaThina hai, kyoMki usameM AkAra, toraNa, talagRha, prAsAda, vRkSagRha, parvata Adi kI carcA ke sandarbha meM hI caitya-vRkSa aura caitya-stUpoM kA ullekha huA hai| sAtha hI jainamuni ko stUpa Adi ko ucaka-ucaka kara dekhane tathA stUpamaha arthAt stUpa-pUjA ke mahotsavoM evaM meloM meM jAne kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| 1. nayeyurete sImAnaM sthalAGgAratuSadrumaiH / setuvalmIkanimnAsthicaityAdyairupalakSitAm // 151 / / caityazmazAnasImAsu puNyasthAne surAlaye / jAtadrumANAM dviguNo damo vRkSe ca vizrute // 228 // -yAjJavalkyasmati, vyavahArAdhyAya / 2. vAcaspatyam, pRSTha 2966 / 3(a). AcArAMga (dvitIya-zrutaskandha-AyAracUlA ) 1 / 24; 3 / 47; 4 / 21 ( inake mUlapAThoM ke lie dekheM isI lekha kA sandarbha kramAMka 1 ) / (ba).se bhikkhU vA bhikkhuNI vA""maDayathUbhiyAsu vA, maDayaceiesu vA.....No uccArapAsavaNaM vosirejjA / -vahI, 10123 /
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________________ jainAgama sAhitya meM stUpa 135 smaraNIya hai ki yadi AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke racanAkAla taka bhI jaina stUpa hote to aisA sAmAnya niSedha to nahIM hI kiyA jAtA / mAtra yaha kahA jAtA ki anya tIrthikoM ke stUpa evaM stUpamaha meM nahIM jAnA caahie| isase yahI jJAta hotA hai ki AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke racanAkAla taka jainetara paramparAoM meM sAmAnya rUpa se stUpa nirmita hone lage the / sambhavataH AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha kA racanAkAla IsA pUrva kI dvitIya yA tRtIya zatAbdI rahA hogaa| kyoMki isake bAda mathurA meM jaina stUpa milate haiM / aMga sAhitya meM punaH hameM sthAnAMgasUtra meM nandIzvara dvIpa ke varNana prasaMga meM caityastUpa aura caityavRkSa kA ullekha milatA hai / mathurA meM AcArAMga ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke anusAra, mahAvIra ke garbhApaharaNa kA citraNa bhI milatA hai, ataH mathurA kA stUpa AcArAMga kA paravartI hai / usameM varNita cetyastUpa aura caityavRkSa jaina paramparA se sambandhita haiM, sAtha hI usa samaya taka na kevala caityastUpa banane lage the, apitu usa para jinamUrtiyoM kI sthApanA hone laga gayI thI / sthAnAMgasUtra meM jaina caityastUpoM kA nimna ullekha prApta hotA hai'nandIzvaradvIpa ke ThIka madhya meM cAroM dizAoM meM cAra aJjana parvata haiM / ve aJjana parvata nIce dasa hajAra yojana vistRta haiM, kintu kramazaH unakA UparI bhAga eka hajAra yojana caur3A hai| una aJjana parvatoM ke Upara atyanta samatala aura ramaNIya bhUmi-bhAga hai / usa sama-bhUmi-bhAga ke madhya meM cAroM hI aJjana parvatoM para cAra siddhAyatana arthAt jina-mandira haiM / pratyeka jina mandira kI cAroM dizAoM meM cAra dvAra haiM / ina cAroM dvAroM ke Age cAra mukhamaNDapa haiM / una mukhamaNDapoM ke Age cAra prekSAgRha yA raMgazAlA maNDapa haiM / punaH una prekSAgRhoM ke Age maNipIThikAe~ haiM / una maNipIThikAoM para caityastUpa haiM / pratyeka caityastUpa para cAroM dizAoM meM cAra maNipIThikAeN haiM aura una cAra maNipIThikAoM para cAra jina pratimAe~ haiM / ve saba ratnamaya, sapayaMkAsana ( padmAsana ) kI mudrA meM avasthita haiM / punaH caityastUpoM ke Age caityavRkSa haiM / una caityavRkSoM ke Age maNipIThikAoM para mahendradhvaja haiM / una mahendradhvajoM ke Age puSkariNiyA~ haiM aura una puSkariNiyoM ke Age vanakhaNDa haiM / " isa saba varNana se aisA lagatA hai ki sthAnAMga ke racanAkAla taka suvyavasthita rUpa se mandiroM nirmANa kI kalA kA bhI vikAsa ho cukA thA aura una mandiroM meM caitya- stUpa banAye jAte the aura una caitya- stUpoM para pIThikAe~ sthApita karake jina - pratimAe~ bhI sthApita kI gaI thIM / paravartI kAla bauddha paramparA meM bhI hameM stUpoM kI cAroM dizAoM meM buddha pratimAe~ hone ke ullekha milate haiM / 1. tesi NaM aMjaNagapavvayANaM uvariM bahusamaramaNijjA bhUmibhAgA paNNattA / tesi NaM bahusamaramaNijjANaM bhUmibhAgANaM bahumajjha sabhAge cattAri siddhAyataNA paNNattA - tesi NaM dArANaM purao cattAri muhamaMDavA paNNattA / tesi NaM muhamaMDavANaM purao cattAri pecchAgharamaMDavA paNNattA / tesi NaM pecchAghara maMDavANaM purao cattAri maNipeDhiyAo paNNattAo / tAsi NaM maNipeDhiyANaM uvari cattAri cattAri ceiyathUbhA paNNattA / siNaM ceiyathUbhANaM uvari cattAri maNipeDhiyAo paNNattAo / tAsi NaM maNipeDhiyANaM uvariM cattAri jiNapaDimAo savvarayaNAmaIo saMpaliyaMkaNisaNNAo thUbhAbhimuhAo ciTThati, taM jahA - risabhA, vRddha mANA, caMdANaNA, vAriseNA / sthAnAMga, 41339 /
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________________ sAgaramala jaina sthAnAMga eka saMgraha grantha hai aura unameM IsA pUrva se lekara IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI taka kI sAmagrI saMkalita hai / prastuta sandarbha kisa kAla kA hai yaha kahanA to kaThina hai, kintu itanA avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaha lagabhaga IsA kI prathama zatAbdI kA hogA, kyoMki taba taka jina-mandira aura jinastUpa banane lage the / usameM varNita stUpa jaina paramparA se sambandhita haiM / yadyapi yaha vicAraNIya hai ki mathurA ke eka apavAda ko chor3akara hameM kisI bhI jaina-stUpa ke purAtAtvika avazeSa nahIM mile haiM / aitihAsika dRSTi se vizvasanIya jaina-stUpoM ke sAhityika ullekha bhI nagaNya haiM / samavAyAMga evaM jambUdvIpaprajJapti meM hameM caityastUpa ke sthAna para caityastambha kA ullekha milatA hai, sAtha hI ina stambhoM meM jina-asthiyoM ko rakhe jAne kA bhI ullekha hai| ataH caityastambha caitya-stUpa kA hI eka vikasita rUpa hai| jaina paramparA meM caityastUpoM kI apekSA caityastambha bane, jo Age calakara mAnastambha ke rUpa meM badala gye| AdipurANa meM mAnastambha kA spaSTa ullekha hai / 2 jainadharma kI digambara paramparA meM Aja bhI mandiroM ke Age mAnastambha banAne kA pracalana hai| zeSa aMga-AgamoM meM bhagavatI sutra, jJAtAdharmakathA aura upAsakadazAMga meM hameM caityastUpoM ke ullekha to upalabdha nahIM hote haiM, kintu arihaMta caitya kA ullekha avazya milatA hai / 3 yadyapi jJAtAdharmakathA meM stUpikA (thUbhiA) kA ullekha avazya hai| itanA nizcita hai ki ina AgamoM ke racanAkAla taka jaina paramparA meM jina-pratimAoM aura jina-mandiroM kA vikAsa ho cukA thaa| punaH dasaveM aMga-Agama praznavyAkaraNa meM stUpa zabda kA ullekha milatA hai, kintu usameM ullikhita stupa jaina paramparA kA stUpa nahIM hai| sambhavataH yahA~ hI hameM svatantra rUpa se stUpa zabda milatA hai, kyoMki isake pUrva sarvatra caitya-stUpa (ceiya-thUbha) zabda kA prayoga milatA hai| jJAtavya hai ki praznavyAkaraNa kA vartamAna meM upalabdha saMskaraNa AgamoM ke lekhanakAla ke bAda sambhavataH 7vIM zatAbdI kI racanA hai / jainadharma meM paravartIkAla meM stUpa-paramparA pUnaH lupta hone lagI thii| jainadharma meM na to prArambha meM stapa- nirmANa aura stapa-pUjA kI paramparA thI aura na paravartI kAla meM hI vaha jIvita rahI / mujhe to aisA lagatA hai ki IsA pUrva kI dvitIya evaM prathama zatAbdI se lekara IsA kI 2. mA 1. sohamme kappe suhammAe sabhAe mANavae ceiyakkhaMbhe heTThA uvariM ca addhaterasa-addhaterasa joyaNANi vajjettA majjhe paNatIsa joyaNesu vairAmaesu golavaTTasamuggaesu jiNa-sakahAo pnnnnttaao| --samavAyAMga, 3515 / mAnastambhamahAcaityadrumasiddhArthapAdapAn / prekSamANo vyatIyAya stUpAzcAcitapUjitAn / / -AdipurANa, 41 / 20 / 3(a). NaNattha arihaMsa vA arihaMta ceiyANi vA aNagAre vA bhAviyappaNo NIsAe uDDhaM uppayati jAva sohammo kppo| -bhagavatI sUtra, 3 / 2 / (ba). arahaMtaceiyAI vaMdittae vA namaMsittae vA / -upAsakadasAMga, 1145 / 4(a). ujjlmnniknngrynnthuubhiy| (ba)maNikaNathUbhiyAe / -jJAtAdharmakathA, 1118; 1189 /
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________________ jainAgama sAhitya meM stUpa 137 pA~cavIM zatAbdI taka bauddha-paramparA ke prabhAva ke kAraNa hI jaina paramparA meM stUpa-nirmANa aura stUpapUjA kI avadhAraNA vikasita huI hogI, jo bauddhoM ke patana kAla arthAt sAtavIM, AThavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt punaH lupta ho gaI, kyoMki hameM AThavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt kI jaina racanAoM meM, kevala una Agama granthoM kI TIkAoM tathA mathurA evaM vaizAlI ke aitihAsika vivaraNa dene vAle granthoM ko chor3akara, jinameM stUpa zabda AyA hai, kahIM bhI jina-stUpoM kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| 14vIM zatAbdI taka ke jaina sAhitya meM mathurA meM jaina stUpoM ke astitva ke saMketa upalabdha haiN| upAGga sAhitya meM jambUdvIpaprajJapti meM hameM tIrthaMkara, gaNadhara aura viziSTa muniyoM kI citAoM para caityastUpa banAne ke ullekha bhI milate haiN| aise ullekha Avazyakaniyukti meM bhI upalabdha haiN'| yadyapi jambUdvIpaprajJapti aura Avazyakaniyukti nizcita ho AgamoM ke lekhanakAla arthAt IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrva kI racanA hai| isa sabase hamArI usa mAnyatA kI puSTi hotI hai, jisake anusAra IsA pUrva kI dvitIya evaM prathama zatAbdI se lekara IsA kI prathama pA~ca zatAbdiyoM meM hI jaina paramparA meM stUpa-nirmANa aura stUpa-pUjA kI paramparA raho aura bAda meM vaha kramazaH vilupta hotI gaI / yadyapi caitya-stambhoM evaM caraNa-cihnoM ke nirmANa kI paramparA vartamAna yuga taka jIvita calI A rahI hai| isa AdhAra para hama yaha niSkarSa bhI nikAla sakate haiM ki caitya-stUpoM ke nirmANa aura unakI pUjA kI paramparA jainoM kI apanI maulika paramparA nahIM thI, apitu vaha laukika paramparA kA prabhAva thA / vastutaH stUpa nirmANa aura stUpa-pUjA kI paramparA mahAvIra aura buddha se pUrvavartI eka lokaparamparA rahI hai, jisakA prabhAva jaina aura bauddha donoM para pdd'aa| sambhavataH pahale bauddhoM ne use apanAyA aura bAda meM jainoM ne| jainAgama sAhitya meM mujhe kisI bhI aitihAsika jaina stUpa kA ullekha dekhane meM nahIM aayaa| jaina sAhitya meM jina stUpoM-caityoM kA ullekha hai, unameM vyavahAracUrNi meM ullikhita mathurA evaM AvazyakacUNi meM ullikhita vaizAlI ke stUpa ko chor3akara deva-loka (svarga), nandIzvaradvIpa evaM aSTApada (kailAzaparvata) Adi para nirmita stUpoM ke hI ullekha haiM, jinakI aitihAsikatA saMdigdha hI hai| mathurA ke aitihAsika stUpa kA prAcInatama ullekha vyavahAracUNi meM aura vyavahArasUtra kI malayagiri kI TIkA meM milatA hai| isake sambandha meM digambara aura zvetAmbara sAhitya meM anyatra bhI ullekha hai| AvazyakacUNi meM vaizAlI meM munisuvratasvAmI ke stUpa kA ullekha hai| isa samagra carcA se hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~ca sakate haiM ki jaina sAhitya meM jo stUpa-sambandhI vivaraNa upalabdha haiM, unameM aitihAsika dRSTi se mathurA aura vaizAlI ke prasaMga hI mahattvapUrNa haiN| unameM bhI vaizAlI ke sambandha meM koI purAtAttvika pramANa nahIM mile haiM / jaina dharma meM stUpa-nirmANa aura stUpa-pUjA ke purAtAttvika pramANa abhI taka to kevala mathurA se upalabdha hue 1(a). mahaimahAlae tao ceiathUbhe kareha, egaM bhagavao titthagarassa ciigAe, egaM gaNaharassa, egaM avasesANaM aNagArANaM ciigaae| -jambUdvIpaprajJapti, 2 / 33, pR0 157-158 / (ba). Avazyaka niyukti, gAthA 435 / ( mUla ke lie dekhie isI lekhA kA sandarbha kramAMka 6 ) / 2. dekheM-isI lekha kA sandarbha kramAMka 8 / 3. vesAlie NagarIe NagaraNAbhIe muNisuvvaya sAmissa thUbho / -AvazyakacUNi (pAriNAmika buddhi prakaraNa), pR0 567
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________________ 138 sAgaramala jaina haiM / vaizAlI ke stUpa ko munisuvrata kA stUpa kahA gayA hai / yadyapi mathurA ke stUpa ko zilAlekha meM vodava-stUpa kahA gayA hai, kahIM vaha bauddha to na ho ? dUsare usake pAsa se upalabdha pAda-pITha para arhat nandyAvrata kA ullekha hai', kintu pro0 ke0 DI0 bAjapeyI ne use munisuvrata par3hA hai, kahIM aisA to nahIM ho ki AvazyakacUrNIkAra ne bhramavaza use vaizAlI meM sthita kaha diyA ho| purAtattva kI dRSTi se mathurA meM na kevala jaina stUpa ke avazeSa upalabdha hue haiM, apitu aneka AyAgapaToM para bhI stUpoM kA aMkana aura stUpa-pUjA ke dRzya upalabdha hote haiN| eka zilAkhaNDa meM to AsapAsa jina-pratimAoM aura bIca meM stUpa kA aMkana hai| eka anya AyAgapaTa para kimpuruSoM ko stUpa kI pUjA karate hue dikhAyA gayA hai / mathurA se upalabdha stUpa-aMkana se yukta aneka AyAgapaToM para zilAlekha bhI haiM / isa sabase itanA spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki isa kAla meM jainoM meM stUpa-nirmANa aura stUpa-pUjA kI paramparA rahI hai| stUpa ke AsapAsa jina-pratimA se yukta zilAkhaNDa isakA sabase mahattvapUrNa pramANa hai, kintu mathurA meM jo bhI stUpa aura stUpoM ke aMkana sahita AyAgapaTa mile haiM, ve sabhI IsA pUrvase lekara IsA kI tIsarI zatAbdI taka ke hI haiM / IsA kI cauthI-pA~cavIM zatAbdI ke bAda se na to stUpa milate haiM aura na stUpoM ke aMkana se yukta AyAgapaTa hii| isa sambandha meM Jain Art and Architecture, Chapter 6th and 10 th. vizeSa rUpa se draSTavya haiM / ina purAtAttvika pramANoM se bhI merI isa mAnyatA kI puSTi hotI hai ki IsA kI tIsarI aura cauthI zatAbdI ke bAda jainoM meM stUpa-pUjA kI praNAlI lupta hone lagI thii| vyavahAracUNi aura vyavahArasUtra kI malayagiri TIkA meM mathurA ke devanirmita stUpa ke nirmANa kI kathA evaM usake svAmitva ko lekara jainoM aura bauddhoM ke vivAda kI spaSTa sUcanA An inscription (Luders, List No. 47 ) dated 79 (A.D. 157) or 49 (A.D. 127), on the Pedestal of a missing image mentions the installation of an image of Arhat Nandiavarta at the so-called Vodva stupa built by the gods ( devanirmita). -Jaina Art and Architecture, A. Ghosh, vol. I. P. 53. Sri Mahavira commemoration, vol. I. Agra, P. 189-190. 6. mathurAyAM nagaryAM ko'pi kSapaka AtApayati, yasyAtApanAM dRSTavA devatA AdRtA tamAgatya vanditvA brUte, yanmayA kartavyaM tanmamAjJApayedbhavAniti / evamukta sA kSapakeNa bhaNyate, kiM mama kAryamasaMyatyA bhaviSyati, tatastasyA devatAyA aprI tikamabhata / aprItivatyA ca tayoktamavazyaM tava mayA kArya bhaviSyati, tato devatAyA sarvaratnamayaH stUpo nirmitaH, tatra bhikSavo raktapaTA upasthitAH ayamasmadIyaH stUpaH, taiH samaM saGgasya SaNmAsAn vivAdo jAtaH, tataH saGgo brUte-ko nAmAtrArthe zaktaH, kenApi kathitaM yathAmukaH kSapakaH, tataH saGkena sa bhaNyate-kSapaka ! kAyotsargeNa devatAmAkampaya, tataH kSapakasya kAyotsargakaraNaM devatAyA Akampanam sA AgatA brUte-saMdizata kiM karomi, kSapakeNa bhaNitA tathA kuruta yathA saJjasya jayo bhavati, tato devatAyA kSapakasya hiMsanA kRtA, yathA etanmayA asaMyatyA api kArya jAtaM evaM khisitvA sA brUte-yUya rAjJa. samIpaM gatvA brUta, yadi raktapaTAnAM stUpa tataH kalye raktA patAkA dRzyatAM, athAsmAkaM tarhi zuklA patAkA, rAjJA pratipannamevaM bhavatu, tato rAjJA pratyayikapuruSaH stUpo rakSApitaH rAtrau devatAyA zuklA patAkA kRtA, prabhAte dRSTA stUpe zuklA patAkA, jitaM sarchana / -vyavahAracUNi, malayagiriTIkA-paJcama uddezaka, pR0 8 / 2.
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________________ jainAgama sAhitya meM stUpa milatI hai / malayagiri likhate haiM ki mathurA nagarI meM koI kSapaNaka jaina muni kaThina tapasyA karatA thA, usakI tapasyA se prabhAvita ho eka devI aayii| usakI vandanA kara vaha bolI ki mere yogya kyA kArya hai? isa para jaina muni ne kahA-asaMyati se merA kyA kArya honA? devI ko yaha bAta bahuta aprItikara lagI aura usane kahA ki mujhase tumhArA kArya hogA, taba usane eka sarvaratnamaya stUpa nirmita kiyA / kucha raktapaTa arthAt bauddha bhikSu upasthita hokara kahane lage yaha hamArA stUpa hai / chaH mAsa taka yaha vivAda calatA rhaa| saMgha ne vicAra kiyA ki isa kArya ko karane meM kauna samartha hai| kisI ne kahA ki amuka muni(kSapaNaka) isa kArya ko karane meM samartha hai / saMgha unake pAsa gayA / kSapaNaka se kahA ki kAyotsarga kara devI ko Akampita karo arthAt bulaao| unhoMne kAyotsarga kara devI ko bulAyA / devI ne Akara kahA-batAiye maiM kyA karU~ ? taba muni ne kahAjisase saMgha kI jaya ho vaisA kro| devI ne vyaMgyapUrvaka kahA-aba mujha asaMyati se bhI tumhArA kArya hogA / tuma rAjA ke pAsa jAkara kaho ki yadi yaha stUpa bauddhoM kA hogA to isake zikhara para rakta-patAkA hogI aura yadi yaha hamArA arthAt jainoM kA hogA to zukla-patAkA dikhAyI degii| usa samaya rAjA ke kucha vizvAsI puruSoM ne stUpa para rakta-patAkA lagavA dii| taba devI ne rAtri ko use zveta-patAkA kara diyA / prAtaHkAla stUpa para zukla-patAkA dikhAyI dene se jaina saMgha vijayI ho gyaa| mathurA ke deva-nirmita stUpa kA yaha saMketa kiMcit rUpAntara ke sAtha digambara paramparA meM hariSeNa ke bahadakathAkoza ke vairakumAra ke AkhyAna meM tathA somadevasUri ke yazastilakacampU ke SaSTha AzvAsa meM vrajakumAra kI kathA meM milatI hai| punaH caudahavIM zatAbdI meM jinaprabhasUri ne bhI vividhatIrthakalpa ke mathurApurIkalpa meM isakA ullekha kiyA hai / sandarbha meM bauddhoM se hue vivAda kA bhI kiJcit rUpAntara ke sAtha sabhI ne ullekha kiyA hai| ___ isa kathA se tIna spaSTa niSkarSa nikAle jA sakate haiN| prathama to usa stUpa ko deva-nirmita kahane kA tAtparya yahI hai ki usake nirmAtA ke sambandha meM jainAcAryoM ko spaSTa rUpa se kucha jJAta nahIM thA, dUsare usake svAmitva ko lekara jaina aura bauddha saMgha meM koI vivAda huA thaa| tIsare yaha ki jainoM meM stUpapUjA prArambha ho cukI thii| yaha bhI nizcita hai ki paravartI sAhitya meM usa stUpa kA jainastUpa ke rUpa meM hI ullekha huA hai| ataH usa vivAda ke pazcAt yaha stUpa jainoM ke adhikAra meM rahA-isa bAta se bhI inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / lekina yahA~ mUla prazna yaha hai ki kyA usa stUpa kA nirmANa mUlataH jaina stUpa ke rUpa meM huA thA athavA vaha mUlataH eka bauddha paramparA kA stupa thA aura paravartI kAla meM vaha jainoM ke adhikAra meM calA gayA ? ise mUlataH bauddha paramparA kA stapa hone ke pakSa meM nimna tarka diye jA sakate haiN| sarvaprathama to yaha ki jaina paramparA ke AcArAMga jaise prAcInatama aMga-Agama sAhitya meM jaina stapoM ke nirmANa aura usakI pUjA ke ullekha nahIM milate haiM, apitu stupapUjA kA niSedha hI hai / yadyapi kucha paravartI AgamoM sthAnAMga, jIvAbhigama, aupapAtika evaM jambUdvIpaprajJapti meM jaina-paramparA meM stUpanirmANa aura stUpapUjA ke saMketa milane lagate haiM, kintu ye saba IsA kI prathama zatAbdI kI yA usake 1. vairakumArakathAnakam-bRhatkathAkoza ( hariSeNa ) bhAratIya vidyAbhavana, bambaI, 1942 I0, pR0 22-27 / 2. vrajakumArakathA-pR0 270, SaSTha AzvAsa / -yazastilakacampU, anu0 va prakAzaka-sundaralAla zAstrI, vaaraannsii| 3. vividhatIrthakalpa-mathurApurIkalpa /
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________________ 140 sAgaramala jaina pazcAt kI racanAe~ haiN| dUsare yadi jaina paramparA meM prAcIna kAla se stUpa-nirmANa evaM stupa-pUjA kI paddhati hotI to phira mathurA ke anyatra bhI kahIM jaina stUpa upalabdha hote, kintu mathurA ke atirikta kahIM bhI jaina stUpoM ke purAtAttvika avazeSa upalabdha nahIM hote' / jainadharma ke yApanIyasaMgha kI eka zAkhA kA nAma paMcastUpAnvaya thaa| sambhava hai mathurA ke paMcastUpoM kI upAsanA ke kAraNa isakA yaha nAma par3A ho / mathurA yApanIya saMgha kA kendra rahA hai| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki jainoM meM stUpapUjA kI paddhati thii| mathurA ke eka zilAkhaNDa ke bIca meM stUpa kA aMkana hai aura usake AsapAsa jina-pratimAyeM haiM, isase bhI hama isI nirNaya para pahu~cate haiM ki jainoM meM kucha kAla taka stUpa nirmANa aura stupa-pUjA pracalita thii| vaizAlI meM manisuvratasvAmI ke stapa kA sAhityika saMketa hai| yadyapi bauddha paramparA meM mathurA ke atirikta anyatra bhI bauddha stupa aura unake avazeSa milate haiN| eka prazna yaha bhI hai yadi jaina dharma meM stUpa-nirmANa evaM stUpa-pUjA kI paramparA rahI thI to phira vaha ekadama kaise vilupta ho gayI ? yaha satya hai ki jahA~ bauddha paramparA meM buddha ke bAda zatAbdiyoM taka pratIkapUjA ke rUpa meM stUpa-pUjA pracalita rahI aura buddha kI mUrtiyA~ bAda meM banane lgiiN| jaba ki jaina paramparA meM IsA pUrva tIsarI zatAbdI se jina mUrtiyA~ banane laga gyiiN| ataH jainoM meM stUpa banane kI pravRtti Age adhika vikasita nahIM ho skii| yaha tarka ki mathurA kA stUpa mUlataH bauddha stUpa thA aura paravartIkAla meM bauddhoM ke nirbala hone se usa para jainoM ne adhikAra kara liyA, yuktisaMgata nahIM lagatA, kyoMki IsA kI prathamadvitIya zatAbdI se hI isake jaina-stUpa ke rUpa meM ullekha milane lagate haiM aura usa kAla taka mathurA ke bauddha nirbala nahIM hue the, apitu zaktizAlI evaM prabhAvazAlI bane hue the| punaH mathurA se upalabdha AyAgapaToM para madhya meM jina-pratimA aura usake Asa-pAsa aSTamAMgalika cihnoM ke sAtha stUpa kA bhI aMkana milatA hai| isase yaha puSTa ho jAtA hai ki jainoM meM stUpanirmANa aura stUpapUjA kI paramparA kA astitva rahA hai / yApanIya nAmaka prasiddha jaina saMgha kI eka zAkhA kA nAma bhI paMcastUpAnvaya hai| yadi ye pramANa nahIM milate to nizcita hI ise mUlataH bauddha stUpa svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA thaa| maiMne yahA~ pakSa-vipakSa kI sambhAvanAoM ko prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, vidvAnoM ko kisI yogya niSkarSa para pahu~cane kA prayatna karanA caahie| phira bhI isa samagra adhyayana se maiM isa niSkarSa para avazya pahu~cA hU~ ki jaina dharma meM stUpanirmANa evaM stUpapUjA kI paddhati jainetara paramparAoM se vizeSa rUpa se bauddha paramparA ke prabhAva se hI vikasita huI: pUnaH vaha caraNa-caukI (pagaliyA jI), caitya-stambha, mAna-stambha aura jina-mandiroM ke vikAsa ke sAtha dhIre-dhIre vilapta ho gaI hai| nidezaka, pA0 vi0 zodha saMsthAna, AI. TI. AI. roDa, vArANasI-5. 1. pro0 TI0 vI0 jI0 zAstrI ne gantura jile ke amarAvatI se karIba 7kilomITara dUra baDumANa gA~va meM IsA pUrva tRtIya zatAbdo ( 236 I0 pU0 ) kA jainastUpa khoja nikAlA hai| yahIM bhadrabAhu ke ziSya godAsa-jinakA nAma kalpasUtra paTTAvalI meM hai-ke ullekha se yukta zilAlekha bhI milA hai| -di0 jaina mahAsamiti buleTina, mArca 1985