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________________ D vidyAmahodadhi DaoN. chaganalAla zAstrI, kAvyatIrtha ema0 e0 (saMskRta, hindI, prAkRta va jainolojI) svarNapadaka-samAdata, pI-eca0DI0 yA jaina zramaNasaMgha : vibhAjana : pada : yogyatA : dAyitva : kartavya samIkSAtmaka parizIlana bha0 mahAvIra kA zramaNa-saMgha bhagavAna mahAvIra kA zramaNa-saMgha bahuta vizAla thaa| anuzAsana, vyavasthA, saMgaThana, saMcAlana Adi kI daSTi se usakI apanI apratima vizeSatAeM thiiN| phalata: uttaravartI samaya meM bhI vaha samIcInatayA calatA rahA, Aja bhI eka sImA taka cala rahA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nau gaNa the, jinakA sthAnAMga-sUtra meM nimnAGkita rUpa meM ullekha haA hai "samaNassa bhagavao mahAvIrassa Nava gaNA hotthA / taM jahA-1. godAsagaNe, 2. uttara-baliyassayagaNe, 3. uddehagaNe, 4. cAraNagaNe, 5. uDDhavAiyagaNe, 6. vissavAiyagaNe, 7. kAmiDiDhyagaNe, 8. mANavagaNe, 6. koddiygnne|" ina gaNoM kI sthApanA kA mukhya AdhAra Agama-vAcanA evaM dharmakriyAnuzIlana kI vyavasthA thaa| adhyayana dvArA jJAnArjana zramaNa-jIvana kA aparihArya aMga hai| jina zramaNoM ke adhyayana kI vyavasthA eka sAtha rahatI thI, ve eka gaNa meM samAviSTa the| adhyayana ke atirikta kriyA athavA anyAnya vyavasthAoM tathA kAryoM meM bhI unakA sAhacarya evaM aikya thaa| __gaNastha zramaNoM ke adhyApana tathA paryavekSaNa kA kArya gaNadharoM para thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke gyAraha gaNadhara the: 1. indrabhRti, 2. agnibhUti, 3. vAyubhUti, 4. vyakta, 5. sudharmA, 6. maNDita, 7. mauryaputra, 8. akampita, 6. acalabhrAtA, 10. metArya, 11. prabhAsa / indrabhUti bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prathama va pramukha gaNadhara the| ve gautama gotrIya the, isalie AgamavAGamaya aura jaina paramparA meM ve gautama ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| prathama se saptama taka ke gaNadharoM ke anu 1. sthAnAMga sUtra 6.26 COAAJanasaudaramainaniBansaAcaudaaaaaaaaaaachaareeudraAILIAMGaminamasomaaaaaaaAASARABANAAD
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________________ AcArya prava vene you phra DaoN. phra abhinaMdana imarAna va Amadana ST2 zrI 116 itihAsa aura saMskRti zAsana meM unake apane- apane gaNa the / aSTama va navama gaNadhara kA sammilita rUpa meM eka gaNa thA / isI prakAra dazaveM tathA gyArahaveM gaNadhara kA bhI eka hI gaNa thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki zramaNa-saMkhyA kama hone ke kAraNa ina do-do gaNadharoM ke gaNoM ko milAkara eka-eka kiyA gayA thA / adhyApana, kriyAnuSThAna kI suvidhA va suvyavasthA rahe, isa hetu gaNa pRthak-pRthak the / vastutaH unameM koI maulika bheda nahIM thA / vAcanA kA bhI kevala zAbdika bheda thA, artha kI dRSTi se ve abhinna thIM / kyoMki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne artha rUpa meM jo tatva-nirUpaNa kiyA, bhinna-bhinna gaNadharoM ne apane-apane zabdoM meM usakA saMkalana yA saMgrathana kiyA, jise ve apane gaNa ke zramaNa samudAya ko sikhAte the / ataeva gaNavizeSa kI vyavasthA karane vAle tathA use vAcanA dene vAle gaNadhara kA nirvANa ho jAne para usa gaNa kA pRthak astitva nahIM rahatA / nirvANonmukha gaNadhara apane nirvANa se pUrva dIrghajIvI gaNadhara sudharmA ke gaNa meM usakA vilaya kara dete / eka anupama vizeSatA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke saMgha kI yaha paramparA thI ki sabhI gaNoM ke zramaNa, jo bhinna-bhinna gaNadharoM ke nirdezana aura anuzAsana meM the, pramukha paTTadhara ke ziSya mAne jAte the / isa paramparA ke anusAra sabhI zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke anantara sahajatayA sudharmA ke ziSya mAne jAne lage / yaha paramparA Age bhI calatI rahI / bhinna-bhinna sAdhu mumukSujanoM ko Avazyaka hone para dIkSita to kara lete the, para paramparA yA vyavasthA ke anusAra use apane ziSya rUpa meM nahIM lete, dIkSita vyakti mukhya paTTadhara kA hI ziSya mAnA jAtA thA / yaha bar3I svastha paramparA thI / jaba taka rahI, saMgha bahuta sabala evaM suvyavasthita rahA / vastutaH dharma-saMgha kA mukhya AdhAra zramaNa zramaNI -samudAya hI hai / unake sambandha meM jitanI adhika jAgarUkatA aura sAvadhAnI baratI jAtI hai, saMgha utanA hI sthira aura dRr3ha banatA hai / bhagavAna buddha dharma dezanA bhagavAna buddha isa ora kucha bhinna dRSTikoNa liye hue the / jaba ve buddha hue to pahale pahala kisI ko dharma dezanA dIkSA dene ko taiyAra na the / mahAvagga meM unake udgAra haiM "kuccha sAdhanA se -- kaSTa se jo dharma maiMne adhigata kiyA hai, use rAgadveSa meM pha~se hue loga nahIM samajha pAyeMge / yaha dharmatatva pratisrota-gAmI ( lokapravAha ke viparIta calane vAlA), nipuNa, gambhIra, duzya aura sUkSma hai / aMdhakArAvRtta evaM rAga-rakta manuSya ise nahIM dekha pAyeMge / 1 "devaloka se samAgata brahma sampati nAmaka deva ne bhagavAna se punaH vizeSa anunaya-vinaya kiyAve devatAoM aura manuSyoM ke kalyANArtha dharmadezanA deM / taba bhagavAna buddha ne pahale pahala pA~ca manuSyoM ko apane dharma meM dIkSita kiyA / mahAvagga meM unheM paMcavaggiya kahA gayA hai / "" 1. mahAvagga 1.5. 7 2. mahAvagga 1.5. 10
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________________ jaina zramaNa saMgha : samIkSAtmaka parizIlana 117 " tadanantara jasa Adi aneka vyaktiyoM ko unhoMne upasampadA dii| jinameM se viziSTa saMskAra sampanna sAdhaka zIghra hI arhat ho gaye / yoM taba bhagavAna sahita ikasaTha arhat the / "3 "bhagavAna buddha ne unheM dharma -prasAra ke lie vihAra karane kA nirdeza dete hue kahA - bhikSuo ! bahujanoM ke hita ke lie, sukha ke lie, logoM kI anukampA ke lie, devatAoM aura manuSyoM ke lAbha, hita aura sukha ke lie vihAra kro|4 bhikSu vihAra ke liye nikala par3e / jana-jana ko dharma kA sandeza diyaa| aneka manuSya bhikSu jIvana svIkAra karane ko tatpara hue| dIkSita karane kA adhikAra bhikSuoM ko nahIM thA / ve una sabake sAtha bhagavAna ke pAsa aae| itane sAre dIkSArthiyoM ko dekhakara bhagavAna mana meM vitarkaNA karane lage / "itane bhikSu nAnA dizAoM se, nAnA janapadoM se pravrajyApekSI, upasampadApekSI logoM ko yaha socakara ki bhagavAna inheM pravrajyA deMge, upasampadA deMge, lAte haiM / isase bhikSuoM ko tathA pravrajyA va upasampadA cAhane vAloM ko klAnti hotI hai / isalie acchA ho, maiM bhikSuoM ko anujJA de dU~ - bhikSuo aba tumhIM una-una dizAoM meM, janapadoM meM pravrajyA aura upasampadA dete rho| "5 yoM pravrajyA aura upasampadA dene kA adhikAra jo bhagavAna buddha ke apane hAtha meM thA, saba bhikSuoM ko de diyA gayA / Age calakara bauddha dharma uttarottara pracAra-pradhAna hotA gayA / janapadoM va dizAoM meM bhinna-bhinna nagaroM tathA prAntoM meM bhikSu jAte / dIkSA dene kA pratibandha haTa gayA thA / binA roka-Toka logoM ko dIkSita karate / phalataH bauddha dharma phailA to khUba para usameM kuNThA vyApta hone lagI, niyamoM kI kaThinatA meM zaithilya Ane lagA / prAnta prAnta aura gA~va-gA~va meM usake bhinna-bhinna svarUpa dRSTigocara hone lage / adhikAra, kartavya, anuzAsana koI bhI adhinAyaka yA pradhAna apane-apane saMgaThana ke samagra kArya svayaM saMcAlita kara sake, yaha sambhava nahIM hotA / ataH apane adhInastha vyaktiyoM ko kucha eka kAryoM ke adhikAra denA Avazyaka hotA hai / jo adhikAra pAte haiM, unameM adhikAra prApti ke sAtha hI dRr3ha kartavya - bhAvanA jAganI caahie| yadi adhikAra aura kartavya samanvita rUpa meM yA sAmaMjasya pUrvaka caleM to vyavasthA svastha banI rahatI hai / jahA~ unakA samanvaya TUTa jAtA hai, vyavasthA durbala ho jAtI hai / vyavasthA kI durbalatA meM ucchRMkhalatA kA panapanA svAbhAvika hai / aisI sthiti meM anuzAsana saphala siddha nahIM hotA / adhikAra kA yathArtha upayoga aura kartavya buddhi jahA~ hotI hai, vahIM anuzAsana kAragara hotA / inake miTa jAne para anuzAsana ojarahita tathA niSphala ho jAtA hai / vastutaH adhikAra, kartavya aura anuzAsana - ina donoM kA paraspara avyavahita sambandha hai / 3. mahAvagga 1.6. 31 4. mahAvagga 1. 10. 32 5. mahAvagga 1. 11. 34 3/0 Chris zrI Ananda antha 52 zrI Ananda tha
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________________ m ...... AAAAADrea ... AAJAA.. :. ......... .......... . -- ... - --- . zrIAnandA-zrIAnandazana itihAsa aura saMskRti Upara bhagavAna buddha ke dharma-saMgha kI jo carcA AI hai, usase spaSTa hai ki adhikAra, kartavya aura anuzAsana kI bhAvanA miTa jAne para kisI bhI saMsthAna, saMgaThana yA dharma-saMgha kI sthiti yathAvata nahIM raha pAtI / uttaravartI jaina zramaNa-saMgha ke itivRtta se bhI yaha siddha hotA hai ki jyoM-jyoM adhikAra ke nyAya tathA sacAI pUrvaka nirvAha evaM kartavya-bhAvanA ke lupta ho jAne para anuzAsana zithila hotA gyaa| phalataH dharma-saMgha kI jo sudRr3ha, samIcIna aura uttama vyavasthA pahale thI, vaha nahIM raha paaii| gaNa, kula, zAkhA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya se calatI AI guru-ziSya-paramparA kA AcArya bhadrabAhu taka nirvAha hotA rhaa| unake bAda isa krama ne eka nayA mor3a liyaa| taba taka zramaNoM kI saMkhyA bahuta bar3ha cukI thii| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya vyavasthA kI daSTi se gaNoM ke rUpa meM saMgha kA jo vibhAjana thA, vaha yathAvat rUpa meM nahIM cala paayaa| sAre saMgha kA netRtva ekamAtra paTTadhara para hotA thA, vaha bhI Arya jambU taka to cala sakA, Age sambhava nahIM rahA / phalata: uttaravartI kAla meM saMgha meM se samaya-samaya para bhinnabhinna nAmoM se pRthaka-pRthaka samudAya nikale, jo 'gaNa' nAma se abhihita hae / yahA~ yaha dhyAna dene yogya hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM 'gaNa' zabda jisa artha meM prayukta thA, Age calakara usakA artha parivartita ho gyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke AdezAnuvartI gaNa saMgha ke nirapekSa bhAga nahIM the, paraspara sApekSa the| AcArya bhadrabAha ke anantara jo 'gaNa' nikale, ve eka dUsare se nirapekSa ho gaye / phalataH dIkSita zramaNoM ke ziSyatva kA aikya nahIM rahA / jisa samudAya meM ve dIkSita hote, usa samudAya yA gaNa ke pradhAna ke ziSya kahe jAte / eka ulajhana bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nau gaNoM ke sthAnAMga sUtra meM jo nAma Aye haiM, usameM se eka ke atirikta ThIka ve hI nAma AcArya bhadrabAhu ke anantara bhinna-bhinna samaya meM vibhinna AcAryoM ke nAma se nikalane vAle ATha gaNoM ke milate haiM, jo kalpa-sthavirAvalI ke nimnAMkita uddharaNoM se spaSTa hai ......."therehito NaM godAse hito kAsavagohito ettha NaM godAsagaNaM nAmaM gaNaM nigge| kAzyapagotrIya sthavira godAsa se godAsa gaNa niklaa| ....... therehito NaM uttarabalissahehito tattha NaM uttarabalissahagaNa nAmaM gaNaM nigge| sthavira uttara aura balissaha se uttarabalissaha gaNa nikalA / therehito NaM ajjarohaNahito kAsavagottehito tattha NaM uddehagaNaM nAmaM gaNaM niggae / kAzyapagotrIya sthavira Arya rohaNa se uddeha gaNa niklaa|| therehito NaM sirigutahito hAriyasagottehito etya NaM cAraNagaNe nAmaM gaNe nigge| hArItagotrIya sthavira zrIgupta se cAraNa gaNa niklaa| therehito bhaddajase hito bhAraddAyasagottehito ettha NaM uDuvADiya gaNeM nigge| bhAradvAjagotrIya sthavira bhadrayaza se ur3avADiya gaNa nikalA / therehito NaM kAmiDDhihito kuDilasagohito ettha NaM vesavADiyagaNe nAmaM gaNaM niggae / -
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________________ jaina zramaNa saMgha : samIkSAtmaka parizIlana 116 kuMDilagotrIya sthavira kAddhi se vesavADiya gaNa niklaa| therehito Na isigahitoNaM kAvahito vAsiTaThasagottehito tattha NaM mANavagaNaM nAmaM gaNaM nigge| vaziSThagotrIya, kAkaMdIya sthavira RSigupta se mANava gaNa niklaa| therehito NaM suThThiya supaDibuhito koDiyakAkandaehito vagdhAvaccasagohito ettha NaM koDiyagaNaM nAmaMgaNaM nigge| koTikakAkaMdakAbhidha vyAghrApatya gotrIya sthavira susthita aura supratibuddha se koDiya gaNa nikalA / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne nau gaNoM meM sAtaveM kA nAma 'kAmaiDhiya thaa| usako chor3a dene para avazeSa nAma jyoM ke tyoM haiM / thor3A bahuta jo kahIM-kahIM varNAtmaka bheda dikhAI detA hai, vaha kevala bhASAtmaka hai| apane samaya kI jIvita-janapracalita bhASA hone ke kAraNa prAkRta kI ye sAmAnya pravRttiyA~ haiN| prazna upasthita hotA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke gaNoM kA godAsa gaNa, balissahagaNa Adi ke rUpa meM jo nAmakaraNa huA, usakA AdhAra kyA thA ? yadi vyakti-vizeSa ke nAma ke AdhAra para gaNoM ke nAma hote to kyA yaha ucita nahIM hotA ki una-una gaNoM ke vyavasthApakoM-gaNadharoM ke nAma para vaisA hotA? gaNasthita kinhIM viziSTa sAdhuoM ke nAmoM ke AdhAra para ye nAma diye jAte to una viziSTa sAdhuoM ke nAma Agama vAGmaya meM, jisakA grathana gaNadharoM dvArA huA, avazya milate / para aisA nahIM hai / samajha meM nahIM AtA, phira aisA kyoM huA ! vidvAnoM ke lie yaha cintana kA viSaya hai| aisI bhI sambhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai ki uttaravartI samaya meM bhinna bhinna zramaNa-sthaviroM ke nAma se jo ATha samudAya yA gaNa cale, una (gaNoM) ke nAma bhagavAn mahAvIra ke gaNoM ke sAtha bhI jor3a diye gaye hoN| eka gaNa jo bAkI rahatA hai, usakA nAmakaraNa syAt sthavira Arya suhastI ke bAraha aMtevAsiyoM meM se cauthe kAmiiDhi nAmaka zramaNa-zreSTha ke nAma para kara diyA gayA ho, jo apane samaya ke suvikhyAta AcArya the, jinase vesavADiya nAmaka gaNa nikalA thaa| spaSTatayA kucha bhI anumAna nahIM lagAyA jA sakatA--aisA kyoM kiyA gyaa| ho sakatA hai, uttaravartI gaNoM para pratiSThApannatA kA mulammA car3hAne ke lie yaha sthApita karane kA upakrama rahA ho ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke gaNa bhI inhIM nAmoM se abhihita hote the| eka sambhAvanA hama aura kara sakate haiM-yadyapi hai to bahuta dUravartI, syAt bhagavAna mahAvIra ke no gaNoM meM se pratyeka meM eka-eka aise ukRSTa sAdhanA-nirata, mahAtapA, paramajJAnI, dhyAnayogI sAdhaka rahe hoM, jo jana-samparka se dUra rahane ke nAte bilkula prasiddhi meM nahIM Aye, para jinakI uccatA aura pavitratA asAdhAraNa tathA spRhaNIya thii| unake prati zraddhA, Adara aura bahumAna dikhAne ke lie una gaNoM kA nAmakaraNa jina-jinameM ve the, unake nAmoM se kara diyA gayA ho| uttaravartI samaya meM saMyoga kucha aise bane hoM ki unhIM nAmoM ke AcArya hue hoM, jinameM apane nAmoM ke sAtha prAktana gaNoM ke nAmoM kA sAmya dekhakara apane-apane nAma se naye gaNa pravartita karane kA utsAha jAgA ho| rAmabAga hair -:-.. hinar ne.chaineKRA.Asunee aanindranatantammansoorandu ApApabhirApAryapravara abhI zrImAnanda zrIAnanda wamAAMmma amwwmainraamanamomamarommamimire Minvanya www.jairnelibrary.org
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________________ navpremierrecaamanandramure 120 itihAsa aura saMskRti ye saba mAtra kalpanAe~ aura sambhAvanAe~ haiN| isa pahala para aura gaharAI se cintana aura anveSaNa karanA apekSita hai| tiloyapaNNatti meM gaNa kA varNana tiloyapaNNatti meM bhI gaNa kA ullekha haA hai| vahA~ kahA gayA hai "puvvadhara sikkhakohI kevalivekUvvI viulmdivaadii| pattekaM sattagaNA, savvANaM titthakattANaM // " 1068 sabhI tIrthaMkaroM meM se pratyeka ke pUrvadhara, zikSaka, avadhijJAnI, kevalI, vaikriyalabdhidhara, vipulamati aura vAdI zramaNoM ke sAta gaNa hote haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAta gaNoM kA varNana karate tiloyapaNNattikAra likhate haiM - tisayAI pugvadharA, NavaNaudisayAI hoti sikkhgnnaa| terasasayANi ohI sattasayAI pi kevaliNo // 1160 // igisayarahivasahassaM, vekuvvI paNasayANi viulmdii| cattArisayA vAdI, gaNasaMkhA vaDDhamANajiNe // 1161 // bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAta gaNoM meM una una vizeSatAoM vAle zramaNoM kI saMkhyAeM isa prakAra thIMpUrvadhara tInasau, zikSaka nau hajAra nau sau, avadhijJAnI eka hajAra tIna sau, kevalI sAta sau, vaikriya labdhidhara nau sau, vipulamati pA~ca sau tathA vAdI cAra sau| . prastuta prakaraNa para vicAra karane para yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki yadyapi 'gaNa' zabda kA prayoga yahA~ avazya haA hai para vaha saMgaThanAtmaka ikAI kA dyotaka nahIM hai| isakA kevala itanA-sA Azaya hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAsana meM amuka-amuka vaiziSTya sampanna zramaNoM ke amuka-amuka saMkhyA ke samudAya yA samUha the arthAta unake saMgha meM ina-ina vizeSatAoM ke itane zramaNa the| kevaliyoM, pUrvadharoM aura avadhijJAniyoM ke tathA isI prakAra anya viziSTa guNadhArI zramaNoM ke alaga-alaga gaNa hote, yaha kaise sambhava thaa| yadi aisA hotA to sabhI kevalI eka hI gaNa meM hote / vahA~ kisI taraha kI taratamatA nahIM rahatI / na zikSaka-zaikSa bhAva rahatA aura na vyavasthAtmaka saMgati hI / yahA~ gaNa zabda mAtra eka sAmUhika saMkhyA vyakta karane ke lie vyavahRta huA hai / zvetAmbara vAGmaya meM bhI isa prakAra ke vaiziSTya-sampanna zramaNoM kA ullekha huA hai / ' kevalI, avadhijJAnI, pUrvadhara aura vAdI-inakI donoM paramparAoM meM eka samAna saMkhyA mAnI gaI hai| vaikriyalabdhidhara kI saMkhyA meM do sau kA antara hai / tiloyapaNNatti meM ve do sau adhika mAne gaye haiN| ukta vivecana se bahata sApha hai ki tiloyapaNNattikAra ne gaNa kA prayoga sAmAnyata: pracalita arthasamUha yA samudAya meM kiyA hai| 1. kevalI sAta sau, manaHparyavajJAnI pA~ca sau, avadhijJAnI teraha sau, caudaha pUrvadhArI tIna sau, vAdI cAra sau, vaikriyalabdhidhArI sAta sau, anuttaropapAtika muni ATha sau| --jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, prathama khaNDa, pRSTha 473
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________________ jaina zramaNa saMgha : samIkSAtmaka parizIlana 121 zAkhAeM gaNoM ke sAtha-sAtha zAkhAoM kA bhI varNana milatA hai, jinakI carcA yahA~ apekSita hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu ke ziSyoM meM eka kA nAma godAsa thaa| unase godAsa nAmaka gaNa nikalA, aisA ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai| kalpa-sthavirAvalI meM aisA bhI varNana hai ki godAsa gaNa se cAra zAkhAe~ nikalIM, jinake nimnAMkita nAma the 1. tAmraliptikA 2. koTivarSIyA 3. pauNDravardhanIyA 4. dAsIkarpaTikA zAkhAoM ke ina nAmoM se prakaTa hai ki inake nAmakaraNa ke AdhAra sthAna-vizeSa haiM / pratIta hotA hai ki jina zramaNoM kA jisa sthAna ke irda-girda adhika vihAra tathA pravAsa hotA rahA, una zramaNoM yA unake dala kA usa sthAna se sambaddha nAma par3a gayA / yahA~ ullikhita zAkhAoM kA sambandha kramazaH tAmralipti, koTivarSa, pauNDravardhana tathA dAsIkarpaTa nAmaka sthAnoM se pratIta hotA hai| aisA bhI lagatA hai ki kSetra-vizeSa meM vizeSa pravAsana paryaTana ke kAraNa sambaddha gaNa ke anya zramaNoM se adhika samparka nahIM raha sakA / phalataH bhinna-bhinna zAkhAe~ mUla gaNa se apane ko sarvathA vicchinna na mAnate hue bhI vyavasthA, anuzAsana, paThana-pAThana Adi kI dRSTi se pRthak-sI ho gaI hoN| jisa prakAra godAsa gaNa se uparyukta zAkhAe~ nikalIM, usI prakAra uttaravartI samaya meM pratiSThita hone vAle anyAnya gaNoM se bhI zAkhAoM ke nikalate rahane kA krama cAlU rhaa| MINE zramaNoM kI saMkhyA uttarottara bar3hatI gii| gaNoM ke rUpa meM jo ikAiyA~ niSpanna haI thIM unakA rUpa bhI vizAla hotA gyaa| taba syAt gaNa vyavasthApakoM ko vRhat sAdhu-samudAya kI vyavasthA karane meM kucha kaThinAiyoM kA anubhava huA ho| kyoMki anuzAsana meM bane rahanA bahuta bar3I sahiSNutA aura dhairya kI apekSA rakhatA hai| hara koI apane uddIpta ahaM kA hanana nahIM kara paataa| aneka aise kAraNa ho sakate haiM, jinase vyavasthA-krama meM kucha aura parivartana aayaa| jo samudAya gaNa ke nAma se abhihita hote the, ve kulAtmaka ikAiyoM meM vibhakta hue| isakA mukhya kAraNa eka aura bhI hai| jahA~ prArambha meM bihAra aura usake Asa-pAsa ke kSetra meM jaina dharma prasRta thA, usake sthAna para usakA prasAra krama taba taka kAphI bar3ha cukA thaa| zramaNa dUra-dUra ke kSetroM meM bihAra, pravAsa karane lage the| jaina zramaNa bAhya sAdhanoM kA maryAdita upayoga karate the, aba bhI vaisA hai| ataeva yaha sambhava nahIM thA ki bhinna-bhinna kSetroM meM paryaTana karane vAle munigaNa kA pArasparika samparka banA rahe / dUravartI sthAna se Akara mila lenA bhI sambhava nahIM thA, kyoMki jaina zramaNa pada-yAtrA karate haiN| aisI sthiti meM jo-jo zramaNa-samudAya vibhinna sthAnoM para bihAra karate the, ve dIkSArthI mumukSu janoM ko svayaM apane ziSya rUpa meM dIkSita karane lge| unakA dIkSita zramaNa-samudAya unakA kula kahalAne bhAgapravara abhisApAyapravara abhinaya zrIAnanda anyazrIAnandAntha MinomonaMMwaminior
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________________ wamanarrawnaramanumarmaramananeruwataranamamarinaranamasumaasaaranamardanMJAADAABAJabardanasalut NIRUD ONOME e NYM . . . " AcAryapravala abhimabhAgAvara AmA zrIAnanda andha-zrIAnanda anya Miniwomenimwimmitmarwarmirmiremainer womwww 122 itihAsa aura saMskRti lagA / yadyapi aisI sthiti Ane se pahale bhI sthavira-zramaNa dIkSArthiyoM ko dIkSita karate the parantu dIkSita zramaNa mukhya paTTadhara yA AcArya ke hI ziSya mAne jAte the| parivartita dazA meM aisA nahIM rahA / dIkSA dene vAle dIkSA guru aura dIkSita unake ziSya-aisA sIdhA sambandha sthApita ho gyaa| isase saMghIya aikya kI paramparA vicchinna ho gaI aura kula ke rUpa meM eka svAyata ikAI pratiSThita ho gii| bhagavatI sUtra kI vRtti meM AcArya abhayadevasUri eka sthAna para kula kA vizleSaNa karate hue likhate haiN| "ettha kulaM viNNeyaM, egAyariyassa saMtaI jAu / tiNha kulANamihaM puNa, sAvekkhANaM gaNo hoii|' (etata kulaM vijeyam, ekAcAryasya santatiryAtu / bayANAM kulAnAmiha punaH sApekSANAM gaNaM bhavati / ) eka AcArya kI santati yA ziSya-paramparA ko kula samajhanA caahie| tIna paraspara sApekSa kuloM kA eka gaNa hotA hai| paMcavastuka TIkA 2 meM tIna kuloM ke sthAna para paraspara-sApekSa aneka kuloM ke zramaNoM ke samudAya ko gaNa kahA hai| pratIta hotA hai ki uttarottara kaloM kI saMkhyA bar3hatI gii| choTe-choTe samudAyoM ke rUpa meM unakA bahuta vistAra hotA gyaa| yadyapi kalpasthavirAvalI meM jinakA ullekha huA hai, ve bahuta thor3e se haiM para jahA~ kula ke zramaNoM kI saMkhyA nau taka mAna lI gaI, usase ukta tathya anumeya hai| pRthaka-pRthak samudAyoM yA samUhoM ke rUpa meM vibhakta rahane para bhI ye bhinna-bhinna gaNoM se sambaddha rahate the| eka gaNa meM kama se kama tIna kuloM kA honA Avazyaka thaa| anyathA gaNa kI paribhASA meM vaha nahIM aataa| isakA tAtparya yaha huA ki eka gaNa meM kama se kama tIna kula arthAt tadantarvartI kama-se kama sattAIsa sAdhu tathA eka unakA adhinetA, gaNapati yA AcArya-kula aTThAIsa sadasyoM kA honA Avazyaka mAnA gyaa| aisA hone para hI gaNa ko prApta adhikAra use sulabha ho sakate the / yaha nyUnatama saMkhyA-krama hai| isase adhika cAhe jitanI bar3I saMkhyA meM zramaNa vanda usameM samAviSTa ho sakate the| gaNoM evaM kuloM kA pArasparika sambandha, tadAzrita vyavasthA Adi kA eka samaya vizeSa taka pravartana rhaa| muni 50 zrI kalyANa vijaya jI yugapradhAna-zAsana-paddhati ke calane taka gaNa va kulamUlaka paramparA ke calate rahane kI bAta kahate haiN| para yugapradhAna-zAsana-paddhati yathAvata rUpa meM kaba taka calI, usakA saMcAlanakrama kisa prakAra kA rahA- ityAdi bAteM spaSTa rUpa meM aba taka prakAza meM nahIM A sakI haiM / ataH hama kAla kI iyattA meM ise nahIM bAMdha sakate / itanA hI kaha sakate haiM, sagha saMcAlana yA vyavasthA-nirvAha ke 1. bhagavatI sUtra, zataka 8, uddezaka 8 vRtti 2. parasparasApekSANAmanekakulAnAM sAdhUnAM samudAye / -paMcavastuka TIkA dvAra 1
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________________ jaina zramaNa saMgha : samIkSAtmaka parizIlana rUpa meM yaha krama calA, jahA~ mukhya ikAI gaNa thA aura usakI pUraka ikAiyA~ kula the / inameM pArasparika samanvaya evaM sAmaMjasya thA, jisase saMghIya zakti vighaTita na hokara saMgaThita banI I gaccha jaina saMgha kI uttarakAlIna saMgha vyavasthA yA zramaNa-saMgaThana ke sandarbha meM hama dekhate haiM ki Age calakara gaNa aura kula kA sthAna gaccha le lete haiM / yadyapi gaccha zabda naye rUpa meM AvirbhUta nahIM huA thA, purAtana paramparA meM yaha prApya hai, parantu jisa artha meM pazcAdvartI kAla meM isakA prayoga hone lagA, vaisA prayoga pahale nahIM hotA thA / sArvajanIna rUpa meM vyavahRta gaNa zabda ke sAtha-sAtha gaccha zabda kA bhI kahIMkahIM prayoga prApta hotA hai / para isakA vyApaka pracalana nahIM thA / jIvAnuzAsana meM eka AcArya ke parivAra ko gaccha kahA gayA hai / aupapAtika meM bhI aisA hI ullekha hai / paJcAzaka meM eka AcArya ke antevAsI sAdhu- samudAya ko gaccha ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / jIvAnuzAsana aura paJcAzaka meM kI gaI paribhASAoM meM koI vizeSa antara pratIta nahIM hotA / bRhat kalpabhASA kI TIkA meM gaccha ke viSaya meM vizeSa bAteM kahI gaI haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM "tigamAiyA gacchA, sahassa battIsaI usabheNa / trikAdayastricatuH prabhRtipuruSaparimANA gacchA bhaveyuH / kimuktaM bhavati ? ekasmin gacche jaghanyatastrayo janA bhavanti, gacchasya sAdhusamudAyarUpatvAttasya ca trayANAmadhastAdabhAvAditi / tata Urdhva ye catuH paJcaprabhRti puruSa saMkhyAkA gacchAste madhyamaparimANataH pratipattavyAstAvadyAvadutkRSTaM parimANaM na prApnoti / kiM punastad ? iti cedata Aha (sahassa battIsaI usabheNatti) dvAtriMzatsahasrANyekasmin gacche utkRSTaM sAdhUnAM parimANaM yathA zrIRSabhasvAmiprathamagaNadharasya bhagavata RSabhasenasyeti / 1 isa vivecana ke anusAra gaccha meM kama se kama tIna sAdhuoM kA honA Avazyaka hai / usase adhika cAra-pA~ca Adi bhI ho sakate haiM / isa prakAra ke gaccha madhyama parimANa ke kahe jAte haiM / gacchAntarvartI sAdhuoM kI adhikatama saMkhyA kA parimANa battIsa hajAra hai / TIkAkAra ne isa prasaMga meM prathama tIrthaMkara bhagavAna RSabha ke prathama gaNadhara RSabhasena kI carcA kI hai aura unake gaccha ko utkRSTatama saMkhyA ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM upasthita kiyA hai / gaharAI se socane para yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki yahA~ prayukta 'gaccha' zabda ' tIrthaMkara ke eka gaNadhara dvArA anuzAsita gaNa ke artha meM hai / Age jAkara gaccha bahuta pracalita ho gayA aura bhinna-bhinna kAraNoM se bhinna-bhinna nAmoM ke gacchoM kA pracalana huA / TIkAkAroM ne gaccha, kula Adi ke vizleSaNa ke prasaMga meM gacchoM ke samUha ko kula batalAyA hai / 1. vRhatkalpabhASya prathama uddezaka vRtti ( malayagiri) 2. bahUnAM gacchAnAmekajAtIyAnAM samUhe / AcArya pra 24 123 wwwwww 2.32 -dharma saMgraha saTIka adhikaraNa 3 AjAda n phra OM0 A abhinandana
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________________ my `lmyh w shml shrqy bh `lt `l ` m```kh`qwl nHn fyh fnHn nt`qd m` lshykh `mr `fyh `ml `shr lHlq`q`h lkhlyq` hmn mHmd bwd r br m dydh AcAryapravATa AjinAcAryapravabhi zrIAnandarA zrIAnanda 52 124 itihAsa aura saMskRti Nen para isakA Azaya spaSTa nahIM hotA, kyoMki kula svayaM apane ApameM eka sImita samudAya thA, jo gaNa kA bhAga thaa| aisI sthiti meM gacchoM kA samUha kula ho, yaha kama sambhava pratIta hotA hai / yadi aisA ho to yaha kala rUpa sImita ikAI kA aura adhika sImita bhAga hogaa| gaccha kA prayoga jisa artha meM hama pAte haiM, usase yaha tAtparya siddha nahIM hotaa| vahAM vaha gaNa jaise eka samagra samudAya kA bodhaka hai| jaina saMgha ke saMgaThana ke samaya-samaya para parivartita hote rUpoM kA yahA~ digdarzana mAtra karAyA gayA hai| jaina saMgha meM pada zramaNa-jIvana kA samyaktayA nirvAha, dharma kI prabhAvanA, jJAna kI ArAdhanA, sAdhanA kA vikAsa tathA saMgaThana va anuzAsana kI dRr3hatA Adi ke nimitta jaina saMdha meM nimnAMkita padoM ke hone kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| 1. AcArya 2. upAdhyAya 3. pravartaka 4. sthavira 5. gaNI 6. gaNadhara 7. gnnaavcchedk| inameM AcArya kA sthAna sarvopari hai| saMgha kA sarvatomukhI vikAsa, saMrakSaNa, saMvardhana, anuzAsana Adi kA sAmUhika uttaradAyitva AcArya para hotA hai| __ jaina vAGamaya ke anuzIlana se pratIta hotA hai ki jaina saMgha meM AcArya pada kA AdhAra manonayana rahA, nirvAcana nhiiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA apanI prAktana paramparA ke anurUpa isI ora jhukAva thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samasAmayika dharma-pravartakoM yA dharma-nAyakoM meM mahAtmA buddha kA saMgha ullekhanIya thA, jisakA bauddha sAhitya meM vistRta vivecana hai| saMkhyA kI dRSTi se maMkhaliputra gauzAlaka kA saMgha bhI bahuta bar3A thA para usake niyamana, anuzAsana, saMgaThana Adi ke sambandha meM koI prAmANika aitihAsika sAmagrI prApta nahIM hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra aura buddha kI saMghIya vyavasthA ke sandarbha meM tulanAtmaka rUpa meM vicAra kiyA jAe, yaha upasthita prasaMga ke spaSTIkaraNa kI dRSTi se upayogI hogaa| bhagavAna buddha kA bhikSu-saMgha bhagavAna buddha eka vizAla bhikSu-saMgha ke adhinAyaka the / 'lalita vistara' meM ullekha hai, zrAvastI meM bhagavAna buddha ke sAtha 12 sahasra bhikSu the| sAmaJjaphalasutta meM bhagavAna buddha ke sAtha rAjagRha meM 1250 bhikSuoM kA honA likhA hai| tAtparya yaha hai, bhagavAna buddha ke jIvana-kAla meM hI unakA bhikSusaMgha bahuta vRddhigata ho cukA thaa| bhagavAna buddha prajAtAntrika saMgha-vyavasthA meM vizvAsa karate the| yahI kAraNa hai, unhoMne na koI apanA uttarAdhikArI nizcita kiyA aura na dharma-zAsana ke lie koI pada-vyavasthA hI kii| unhoMne adhizAsana, saMcAlana evaM adhikAra-sattA kA adhiSThAna vinaya evaM dhamma ko maanaa| 1. (ka) sthAnAMga sUtra 4, 3, 323 vRtti (kha) bRhatkalpa sUtra 4 thA uddezaka
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________________ jaina zramaNa saMgha : samIkSAtmaka parizIlana 125 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI saMghIya zAsana-vyavasthA se bhagavAna buddha kI vyavasthA meM antara thaa| mahAvIra vaiyaktika adhikAra meM vizvAsa karate the| adhikArI, yogya vyakti ke saMcAlakatva evaM adhinAyakatva meM unheM saMgha kA cirahita dIkhatA thA / una dvArA kI gaI pada-vyavasthA se yaha anumeya hai / buddha ne apane saMgha meM vaiyaktika netRtva, adhikAra yA vaiziSTya ko sthAna nahIM diyaa| eka bAra gopaka moggalAna ne Ananda se pUchA-"bhadra Ananda ! kyA koI aisA bhikSu hai, jise tathAgata ne yaha kahate hue ki mere nirvANa ke anantara yaha tuma logoM kA sahArA hogA, isakA tuma avalambana loge, manonIta kiyA? __ Ananda kA uttara thA-"koI aisA zramaNa yA brAhmaNa (bhikSu) nahIM hai, jise pUrNatva prApta, svayaM bodhita bhagavAna ne yaha kahate hue ki mere nirvANa ke anantara yaha tuma logoM kA sahArA hogA, jisakA avalambana hama loga le sakeM, manonIta kiyaa|" gopaka moggalAna ne pUnaH pUchA-"para kyA Ananda ! aisA koI bhikSa hai, jise saMgha ne svIkAra kiyA ho aura aneka vRddha bhikSuoM dvArA jisake sambandha meM yaha kahate hue vyakta kiyA gayA ho ki tathAgata ke nirvANa ke anantara yaha hamArA sahArA hogA, jisakA tuma avalambana le sakate ho|" Ananda ne kahA-"aisA koI bhI zramaNa brAhmaNa nahIM hai, jise saMgha ne mAnA ho......"aura jisakA aba hama avalambana le sakate haiN|" isa vArtAlApa se spaSTa hai, bhagavAna buddha ne apane pazcAt kisI ko bhI saMgha-saMcAlana kA bhAra vahana karane ke lie manonIta nahIM kiyA aura na saMgha ne tathA sthavira bhikSaoM ne hI aisA kiyaa| dhammasenApati, dhammadhara, vinayadhara bauddha vAGamaya meM "dhamma senApati", "dhammadhara" aura "vinaya-dhara" ye padasUcaka zabda prApta hote haiM / vastutaH ye bhikSu-saMgha ke zAsana se sambaddha nahIM haiN| ye dharma aura vinaya sambandhI vaiyaktika yogyatA para AdhRta haiN|| dharma ke jJAtA ko dhammadhara kahA jAtA thaa| bhagavAna buddha ke nikaTatama antevAsI Ananda ke liye yaha vizeSaNa prayukta milatA hai / Ananda ko bhagavAna buddha ke sAnnidhya meM sabase adhika rahane kA avasara milA thaa| (unhoMne bhagavAna buddha dvArA nirUpita dharma-siddhAntoM kA kathana bhI kiyA thaa)| "dhamma-senApati" dharma-tattva kI atyadhika abhijJatA para AdhRta hai / sAriputra evaM moggalAna isa koTi meM liye gaye haiN| bhagavAna buddha ke jIvana kAla meM bhI unhoMne yadA-kadA dharmopadeza kiyA, jise bhagavAna buddha ne samarthana diyA thaa| vinayadhara use kahA jAtA thA, jo vinaya bhikSu-AcAra ke siddhAntoM kA vizeSa jJAtA hotA thaa| upAli kA vinayadhara ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai| 1. da miDila leMtha seiMga vAlyUma 3, pR0 56-60 Mariam-DArunintentionar-JAMAJdindain.LAaummaNCONOD -RAMM orerwara
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________________ aza satra AcAryapravara azI zrIAnandagrantha zrAAnandaprAtha51 ENIO 126 itihAsa aura saMskRti licchavi gaNatantra kA prabhAva bhagavAna buddha ke bhikSa saMgha kI vyavasthA licchavi gaNatantra se thor3e se parivartana ke sAtha bahata azoM meM milatI-julatI thii| sambhava hai, licchavi-zAsana-paramparA se buddha ne ise grahaNa kiyA ho / svayaM licchavi-rAjakumAra hone se bhagavAna mahAvIra eka vaMzIyatA ke nAte licchaviyoM ke adhika nikaTa the, para pAlipiTakoM se prakaTa hai, licchaviyoM kA buddha kI ora kahIM adhika jhukAva thaa| ___ DA0 bhagavatazaraNa upAdhyAya ne bhArata ke prAcIna gaNarAjyoM kA varNana karate hue licchaviyoM ke sambandha meM likhA hai "licchavi apane saMgha kI baiThakoM ke lie prasiddha the| unakI baiThakoM meM zAsana ke kArya atyanta sucAru rUpa aura ekatA se sampanna hote the| gautama buddha ne unako bahuta sarAhA thaa|" licchaviyoM ke buddha kI ora vizeSa jhakAva kA kAraNa buddha ke bhikSu-saMgha kI prajAtAntrika vyavasthA kA honA pratIta hotA hai| licchavi apanI janatAntrika paramparA ke kAraNa zAsaka-zAsita kA bheda jahA~ na ho, udhara vizeSa AkRSTa rahe, yaha sahaja thaa| adhikArI aura adhikRta bar3e aura choTe kA bheda saha sakane ke licchavi abhyasta nahIM the / buddha kI saMgha-vyavasthA yadi ekatAntrikatA yA vyaktiniSTha adhikArasattA kI ora jhukI hotI to yaha kama sambhava thA, ve buddha kI ora AkRSTa rahate / licchaviyoM kI isa manovRtti kA paricaya vajjiputtaka-bhikkhu, jo licchavi vaMza ke the, ke usa kadama se milatA hai, jo unhoMne dvitIya bauddha saMgIti ke avasara para uThAyA thaa| jyoM hI unheM lagA, bhikSu-saMgha meM bar3e choTe kA bheda utpanna ho rahA hai, unake svataMtra astitva para itara-Adhipatya chA jAnA cAhatA hai, vajjiputtaka bhikSu-saMgha se pRthaka ho gaye aura unhoMne svatantra rUpa se vajjiputtaka saMgha kA pravartana kiyaa| mahAvIra bhI yadyapi prajAtAntrika paramparA se Ae the para unheM nahIM lagA, zramaNa saMgha prajAtAntrika paddhati ke anusAra cirakAla taka apanA yathAvat astitva liye nirdvandva rUpa meM cala skegaa| isa vyavasthA meM unheM dharma-saMgha kA cira jIvana nahIM dIkhatA thaa| bhaviSya ne kucha batAyA bhI vaisA hii| jaina zramaNa saMgha Aja sahasrAbdiyAM bItane ko AI, bahuta aMzoM meM akSuNNa rahA, bauddha bhikSa saMgha buddha ke thor3e hI samaya bAda vikhala hone lagA / bhagavAna buddha se samrATa azoka taka Ate-Ate vaha aneka khaNDoM meM baMTa gyaa| vicAra-prasAra kI dRSTi se kevala bhArata hI nahIM, samudra pAra ke dezoM taka pahu~cakara usane asAdhAraNa saphalatA prApta kI para usakI maulikatA sthira nahIM rhii| taba se aba taka kA itihAsa sAkSI hai, jahA~ ekatatrI zAsaka kharA, ImAnadAra aura sevAzIla rahA, vahA~ rASTra, samAja aura dharma ne caturdika unnati kii| ati-prajAtAntrikatA meM parivartana para parivartana Aye, zAsana jama nahIM pAyA / viSAkta pratispardhA bhI vahAM zAnti kA sAMsa nahIM lene detI / dharmakSetra meM yaha phaba sake, kyA yaha sambhava hai| 1. prAcIna bhArata kA itihAsa, pRSTha 68
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________________ saMghIya pada : eka vizleSaNa AcArya ke atirikta jo anya pada nirdhArita the, unakA lakSya AcArya ke kArya meM sahayoga karanA thA, jisase saMgha ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA adhyayana, unake cAturmAsa, vihAra, zeSakAlika pravAsa, vastra - pAtra prabhRtti ApekSita upakaraNoM kI vyavasthA -- yaha saba samIcIna rUpa meM sadha sake / jaina sAhitya ke AdhAra para ina padoM ke uttaradAyitva, kartavya Adi ke sambandha meM kucha vistAra se likhanA upayogI hogA / padoM ke kartavya nirdhAraNa meM svastha tathA vikasita saMghIya jIvana ke unnayana kI kitanI sUkSma dRSTi thI, isase yaha spaSTa hogA / AcArya saMgha kI saba prakAra kI dekhabhAla kA mukhya uttaradAyitva AcArya para rahatA hai| saMgha meM unakA Adeza antima aura sarvamAnya hotA hai / jaina zramaNa saMgha : samIkSAtmaka parizIlana 127 "AcArya sUtrArthaM ke vettA hote haiM / ve ucca lakSaNa yukta hote haiM / ve gaNa ke lie meDhibhUta stambha rUpa hote haiM / ve gaNa ke tApa se mukta hote haiM-- unake nirdezana meM calatA gaNa santApa-rahita hotA hai, ve antevAsiyoM ko AgamoM kI artha-vAcanA dete haiM - unheM AgamoM kA rahasya samajhAte haiM / ' "AcArya jJAnAcAra, darzanAcAra, cAritrAcAra, tapa AcAra tathA vIryAcAra kA svayaM paripAlana karate haiM, inakA prakAza-prasAra karate haiM, upadeza karate haiM, dUsare zabdoM meM ve svayaM AcAra kA pAlana karate haiM tathA antevAsiyoM se vaisA karavAte haiM, ataeva AcArya kahe jAte haiM / " aura bhI kahA gayA hai Acinoti ca zAstrArthamAcAre sthApayatyapi / svayamAcarate yasmAdAcAryastena kathyate // arthAt jo zAstroM ke artha kA Acayana - saMcayana - saMgrahaNa karate haiM, svayaM AcAra kA pAlana karate haiM, dUsaroM ko AcAra meM sthApita karate haiM / ina kAraNoM se ve AcArya kahe jAte haiM / AcArya kI ATha sampadAe~ dazAzrutaskandha sUtra meM AcArya kI vizeSatAoM kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai / vahA~ AcArya kI ATha sampadAe~ batalAI gaI haiM, jo nimnAMkita haiM / 3 1. suttatthaviU lakkhaNajutto, gacchassa mer3hibhUo ya / gaNatattivipamukko, atthaM vAei Ayario || 3. dazAzrutaskandha sUtra, adhyayana 4, sUtra 1 2. paMcavihaM AyAraM, AyaramANA tahA payAsaMtA / AcAraM dasatA, AyariyA teNa buccati // AcArya prava - bhagavatI sUtra 1. 1. 1 maMgalAcaraNa (vRtti ) - bhagavatI sUtra 1, 1, 1 maMgalAcaraNa ( vRtti) OM AcArya prava 30 agadata grantha vo phra grantha 11 memeN WITH REV
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________________ IPL Andana AgAmapravabhiAnanda Ananda anya129 128 itihAsa aura saMskRti 1. AcAra-sampadA 2. zruta-sampadA 3. zarIra-sampadA 4. vacana-sampadA 5. vAcanA-sampadA 6. mati-sampadA 7. prayoga-sampadA tathA 8. sNgrh-smpdaa| AcAra sampadA jaisA ki pahale ullekha kiyA gayA hai, AcAra-pravaNatA AcArya kA mukhya guNa hai| AcArya zabda prAyaH isI AdhAra para niSpanna huA hai| AcAra-sampadA meM isI AcAra-pakSa kA vizleSaNa hai, jisake cAra bheda' kahe gaye haiN| (1) saMyama-dhruvayoga yuktatA.-saMyama ke sAtha AtmA kA dhrava yA avicala sambandha saMyama-dhravayoga kahA jAtA hai| AcArya saMyama dhra vayogI hote haiN| ve apanI saMyama-sAdhanA meM sadA aDiga rahate haiM / (2) asaMpragRhItAtmatA-jise jAti, pada, tapa, vaiduSya Adi kA mada yA ahaMkAra hotA hai, use saMpragRhItAtmA kahA jAtA hai / AcArya nirahaMkAra hote haiN| jo garimAe~ unheM prApta haiM, unakA jarA bhI mada unheM nahIM hotA / phalataH ve krodha, mAnasika uttApa Adi se mukta hote haiN| ataH ve asaMpragRhItAtmA kahe jAte haiM / arthAt unakI AtmA ahaMkAra, mada evaM krodha Adi se jakar3I nahIM rhtii| (3) aniyatavRttitA-jinakA AhAra, vihAra niyata yA pratibaddha hotA hai, unase vizuddha AcAramaya jIvana bhalI-bhA~ti sadha nahIM paataa| aneka prakAra kI au zikatA kA jur3anA vahA~ sambhAvita hotA hai, jo nirdoSa saMyama-pAlana meM bAdhaka hai / ataH AcArya aniyatavRtti hote haiN| zAstrIya AcAra-paramparA ke anurUpa unakA AcAra apratibaddha hotA hai| (4) vRddhazIlatA-yuvA aura ciradIkSita na hone para bhI AcArya meM vayovRddha aura dIkSA-maryAdA meM jyeSTha zramaNoM jaisA zIla, saMyama, niyama, cAritra Adi pAlane kI vizeSatA hotI hai / ataH ve vRddhazIla kahe jAte haiN| vRddhazIla kA Azaya yoM bhI ho sakatA hai-vRddha yA roga Adi ke kAraNa jo vRddha kI jyoM azakta ho gaye haiM, una zramaNoM kI sevA yA suvyabasthA meM AcArya sadA jAgarUka rahate haiM / zruta-sampadA zrutA sampadA kA bhI cAra prakAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai(1) bahuzrutatA (3) paricitazrutatA (2) vicitra-zrutatA (4) ghoSavizuddhikArakatA bahuzrutatA-AcArya bahuzruta hote haiM / ve apane samaya meM upalabdha Agama samyaktayA jAnate haiN| apane samaya-siddhAnta yA zAstroM ke atirikta parasamaya-anya zAstroM ke bhI vettA hote haiM / yoM unakA zratazAstrIya jJAna bahata vistIrNa aura vyApaka hotA hai / 1. dazAzrutaskandha sUtra, adhyayana 4, sUtra 2 2. dazAzrutaskandha sUtra, adhyayana 4, sUtra 3
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________________ jaina zramaNa saMgha : samIkSAtmaka parizIlana 126 vicitra zrutatA - AcArya bahuzruta ke sAtha vicitrazruta bhI hote haiM / una dvArA adhikRta zruta aneka vicitratAe~ yA vibhinnatAe~ lie hotA hai / AcArya ko jIva, mokSa Adi viSayoM kA nirUpaNa karane vAle vividha AgamoM kA antaHsparzI jJAna hotA hai / ve utsarga, apavAda Adi vibhinna pakSoM ko vizada rUpa se jAnate haiM / jisa prakAra apane siddhAntoM kA aMga-pratyaMga unheM adhigata hotA hai, usI prakAra anya darzanoM ke siddhAntoM kA bhI unheM talasparzI bodha hotA hai / paricita zrutatA - AcArya AgamoM ke rahasya vid-marmajJa hote haiM / ve sUtra aura artha donoM ko bhalIbhA~ti AtmasAt kiye hue hote haiM / unameM krama se Adi se anta taka aura utkrama se anta se Adi taka dhArA pravAha rUpa meM sUtra vAcana kI kSamatA hotI hai / saMkSepa meM Azaya yaha hai ki AgamoM kA unheM cira-paricaya, sUkSma-paricaya aura samyak - paricaya hotA hai / ghoSavizuddhi kArakatA - ghoSa kA artha zabda yA dhvani hai / AcArya kA zAstroccAraNa atyanta zuddha hotA hai / udAtta, anudAtta, hrasva, dIrgha pramukha uccAraNa-sandarbha sabhI dRSTiyoM se unakI dhvani atyanta nirdoSa hotI hai / isa vizeSatA kA eka Azaya aura hai-apane Apa meM alaMkRta, satya, priya, hita, parimita tathA prasaMgAnurUpa honA zabda kI suSamA hai| alaMkRtatA, asatyatA, apriyatA, ahitatA, aparimitatA tathA aprAsaMgikatA zabda ke doSa haiM / inake varjana se ghoSa yA zabda vizuddha kahA jAtA hai / AcArya kI yaha sahaja vizeSatA hotI hai / ve sundara, satya, priya, hita, parimita aura prasaMgAnurUpa zabda bolate haiM / zruta sampadA ke antargata yaha unakA zabdasauSThava hai / zarIra-sampadA zarIra-sampadA yA zArIrika suSThutA bhI cAra prakAra kI mAnI gaI hai-- (1) Aroha- pariNAha sampannatA (2) anavatrApyazarIratA (3) sthirasaMhananatA (4) bahupratipUrNendriyatA (1) Aroha- pariNAha sampannatA - deha kI samucita lambAI aura caur3AI ko Aroha- pariNAha kahA jAtA hai | apane puNyodaya ke kAraNa AcArya ke deha kI yaha vizeSatA hotI hai / (2) anavatrApyazarIratA - avApya kA artha lajjAyogya hai / jo zarIra kurUpa, aMgahIna, ghRNotpAdaka tathA upahAsajanaka hotA hai, vaha avatrApyazarIra kahalAtA hai, jo hIna vyaktitva kA dyotaka hai| AcArya kA zarIra isa prakAra kA nahIM honA caahie| vaha surUpa, sAMgopAMga, sundara tathA AkarSaka honA cAhie / (3) sthirasaMhananatA - AcArya kA daihika saMhanana - zArIrika gaThana sudRr3ha honA caahie| AcArya para jo saMgha kA bahuta bar3A uttaradAyitva hotA hai, usake nirvAha ke lie unake sudRr3ha, sthira aura sazakta deha kA honA bhI Avazyaka hai| tAki anukUla-pratikUla paristhitiyoM meM anAkula bhAva se vartana kiyA jA sake / (4) bahupratipUrNendriyatA - netra, zrotra, ghrANa Adi indriyoM kA sarvathA nirdoSa, apane apane viSayoM 1 dazAzrutaskandha sUtra, adhyayana 4, sUtra 4 AcArya pravara wwww abhinandana AAnandAH atha
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________________ khl` ml`ly fkh tHqr`r `r`r `r`r `r`r `rb Gyrshb` m` lhmy````h`nh`nHyfyfh `n nf` `nd ... b m r bh frm m` mzmnd my zf@ 5NiY AcAryapravara abhiyAnAnandana zrIAnandAn zrIAnanda anya -- - meaninainamainww.marriamr ro 130 itihAsa aura saMskRti . ke grahaNa meM sakSama honA bahapratipUrNendriyatA kahA jAtA hai| AcArya meM isakA honA apekSita hai| sarvendriyaparipUrNatA meM jahA~ deha kI prabhAvakatA phalita hotI hai, vahA~ usase vyakti kI gambhIratA bhI prakaTa hotI hai / AcArya meM aisA honA cAhie / vacana-sampadA vacana-sampadA cAra' prakAra kI kahI gaI hai(1) AdeyavacanatA (2) madhuravacanatA (3) anizritavacanatA (4) asandigdhavacanatA (1) AdeyavacanatA-jo vacana grahaNa karane yogya hotA hai, vaha Adeya vacana kahA jAtA hai / grahaNa karane yogya vahI vacana hotA hai, jisameM upayogitA tathA zraddheyatA ho / AcArya meM AdeyavacanatA kI vizeSatA honI cAhie, jisase zrotRgaNa unake vacanoM kI ora sahajatayA AkRSTa hoM, lAbhAnvita hoN| (2) madhuravacanatA-hitakaratA aura upAdeyatA ke sAtha yadi vacana meM madhuratA bhI ho to vaha sone meM sugandha jaisI bAta hai| laukika jana sahaja hI mAdhurya aura preyas kI ora adhika AkRSTa rahate haiN| yadi uttama bAta bhI amadhura yA kaThora vacana dvArA prakaTa kI jAya to sunane vAlA usase jhijhakatA hai mahAn kavi aura nItivida bhAravi ne isIlie kahA thA-hitaM manohArica durlabhaM vacaH arthAt aisA vacana durlabha hai, jo hitakara hone ke sAtha manohara bhI ho / AcArya meM aisA honA sarvathA vAMchanIya hai| isase unake Adeya vacanoM kI grAhyatA bahata adhika bar3ha jAtI hai| (3) anizritavacanatA-jo vacana rAga, dveSa yA kisI pakSa vizeSa ke Agraha para TikA hotA hai, vaha nizrita vacana kahA jAtA hai / vaisA vacana na vaktA ke apane hita ke lie hai aura usase zrotAgaNa ko hI kucha lAbha ho sakatA hai / AcArya nizritavacana-prayoktA nahIM hote| ve anizrita vacana bolate haiM, jisase sarvasAdhAraNa kA hita ho sakatA hai, jise saba AdarapUrvaka aMgIkAra karate haiN| (4) asandigdhavacanatA-sphuTavacanatA, tathya kA sAdhaka aura atathya kA bAdhaka jo na ho, vaisA jJAna sandeha kahalAtA hai| jo vacana usase lipta hai, vaha sandigdha yA asphuTa hai / AcArya sandigdha asphUTa yA aspaSTa vacana kA prayoga nahIM krte| vaisA karane se upAsakoM kI zraddhA ghaTatI hai| unakA kisI bhI prakAra se hita nahIM sadhatA / kyoMki vacana ke sandehayukta hone ke kAraNa ve udhara AkRSTa nahIM hote, phalataH AcArya cAhe vyakta na sahI, avyakta rUpa meM upekSaNIya ho jAte haiM / vAcanA-sampadA vAcanA-sampadA ke nimnAMkita cAra bheda haiM(1) viditvo zitA (2) viditvA vAcitA (3) parinirvApya vAcitA (4) arthaniryApakatA 1. dazAzrutaskandha sUtra, adhyayana 4, sUtra 5 2. dazAzrutaskandha sUtra, adhyayana 4, sUtra 6
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________________ jaina zramaNa saMgha : samIkSAtmaka parizIlana 131 --+ THEIR (ga viditvoddezitA-pahale ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki AcArya antevAsiyoM ko zruta kI artha-vAcanA dete haiM / vAcanA-sampadA meM isI sandarbha meM katipaya mahatvapUrNa vizeSatAe~ batalAI gaI haiN| unameM pahalI viditvA zitA hai / isakA sambandha adhyetA yA vAcanA lene vAle antevAsI se hai / adhyetA kA vikAsa kisa koTi kA hai, usakI grAhaka zakti kaisI hai, kisa Agama meM usakA praveza samyak hai, ityAdi pahaluoM ko dRSTi meM rakhakara AcArya antevAsI ko par3hAne kA nizcaya karate haiM / isakA Azaya yaha hai ki adhyetA kI kSamatA ko A~kane kI AcArya meM vizeSa sUjhabUjha hotI hai| viditvA vAcitA-ukta rUpa meM antevAsI kI yogyatA tathA dhAraNA zakti ko A~ka kara use pramANa, naya, hetu, dRSTAnta tathA yuktipUrvaka artha-vAcanA denA viditvA vAcitA hai| parinirvApya vAcitA-antevAsI adhyApita viSayoM ko asandigdha rUpa se hRdayaMgama kara sakA hai, usakI smati meM ve sthira ho cuke haiM, yaha jAnakara use vAcanA denA parinirvApya vAcitA hai| adhyApayitA ko aisA karanA Avazyaka hai kyoMki yadi pUrva adhyApita viSaya adhyetA ko yathAvat rUpa meM taiyAra nahIM ho sake hoM aura usa ora dhyAna diye binA Age se Age par3hAte jAnA adhyetA ke lie lAbhajanaka nahIM hotA hai| yoM adhyApayitA ko vRthA zrama hotA hai| usakA abhIpsita phala nahIM hotaa| arthaniryApakatA-sUtra-adhyApayitA ke lie Avazyaka hai ki sUtra-nirUpita jIva, ajIva, Asrava, samvara, nirjarA, bandha, mokSa, prabhati viSayoM kA use pUrvApara-saMgati sahita asandigdha-nirNAyaka bodha ho / utsarga, apavAda Adi kA rahasya use samyak parijJAta ho anekAntavAdI dRSTikoNa se ye samasta viSaya usa dvArA AtmasAt kiye hue hoM / yaha viSaya kA niryApana hai| AcArya meM aisA adhyayana-anuzIlana honA apekSita hai| apane isa prakAra ke adhyayana-krama dvArA antevAsiyoM ko artha kA avabodha karAnA arthaniryApakatA hai| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki jahA~ kisI kAraNavaza upAdhyAya ke pada kI vyavasthA nahIM hotI yA sUtra-vAcanA kA kArya nahIM calatA, vahA~ AcArya sUtra-vAcanA bhI dete haiM / ve sUtra aura artha donoM kI vAcanA dene ke kAraNa donoM padoM kA uttaradAyitva vahana karate haiN| bhagavatI vRtti tathA vyavahAra bhASya Adi meM aise ullekha prApta haiN| itanA hI nahIM, Avazyaka hone para AcArya anya padoM kA bhAra bhI svayaM le sakate haiM / vastutaH ve sarvAdhikArI hote haiN| mati-sampadA mana kA padArtha viSayaka nirNAyaka vyApAra mati hai| mati-sampadA kA artha buddhi-vaiziSTya hai| (VAR 2-2/ 1 AcAryeNa sahopAdhyAya-AcAryopAdhyAyaH, savisayaMsi tti svaviSaye'rthadAna-sUtradAnalakSaNe gaNaM tti ziSyavargam, agilAe tti akhedena saMgRhNan-svIkurvan-upasRmbhayan -bhagavatI zataka 5, uddezaka 6, prazna 11 (vRtti) POmanitaramaniaNAMDARASADNAMBAnacotcamBAADAMsamiAAAAAAaranandsamanari AGRAAJAAAAAAAJTA AcAryapravaAbhApAryapravaTabhi zrAAnandaganthazrAAnandA anya womenmovi M witwarivanmove
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________________ AcAryapravara abhiyAna TEbhAcAryapravabhinna zrIAnandagrantha zrIAnanda anya DVIVO UNN MVWINiwariomatomarvaawwvmarMariywwwimwwwwwww.vim 132 itihAsa aura saMskRti mati-sampadA ke cAra' bheda haiM(1) avagraha-mati-sampadA (2) IhA-mati sampadA (3) avAya-mati sampadA (4) dhAraNA-mati sampadA avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA-mati-jJAna ke pariNati-krama ke ye cAra sopAna haiN| sabase pahale jyoM hI indriya kisI padArtha kA sAkSAtkAra karatI hai, taba usa (padArtha) kA ati sAmAnya jJAna hotA hai| avagrahamati-sampadA-sAmAnya kA tAtparya usa bodha se hai, jahA~ padArtha ke svarUpa, nAma, jAti Adi kI kalpanA nahIM rahatI, ve anirdiSTa rahate haiN| vaha manaHsthiti avagraha kahI jAtI hai| avagraha ko prazasta kSamatA kA honA avagraha-sampadA hai / AcArya meM sahaja hI yaha vizeSatA hotI hai| IhA-mati-sampadA-avagraha meM jJeya padArtha-viSayaka aspaSTa manaHsthiti rahatI hai| taba nizcayonmukha jijJAsA kA spandana hotA hai| mana tadanurUpa ceSTonmukha banatA hai / avagraha dvArA gRhIta svarUpAdi ke vaizadya se rahita ati sAmAnya jJAna ke pazcAt vizeSa jJAna kI ora IhA--mananAtmaka ceSTA jJAna kI nirNIta sthiti kI ora bar3hate krama kA rUpa hai| aisI udAtta sphuraNA kA honA IhA-sampadA kahA jAtA hai / AcArya utkRSTa IhA-mati-sampadA se yukta hote haiM / avAya-mati-sampadA-IhA kA uttaravartI krama avAya hai / IhA ceSTAtmaka hai, avAya nizcayAtmaka / nirNeya padArtha ke sAdhaka aura bAdhaka pramANa yA guNAguNa-vizleSaNa ke mAdhyama se jo nizcita mana:sthiti banatI hai, vaha avAya hai| rajjU aura sarpa ke udAharaNa se ise samajhA jA sakatA hai| a~dhere meM sahasA nizcaya nahIM ho pAtA ki jijJAsita padArtha sarpa hai yA rajjU / jaba sAdhaka pramANa dvArA yA spaSTatA karane vAle hetu dvArA yaha nizcita rUpa se avagata ho jAtA hai ki yaha rajjU hai, taba avAya kI sthiti A jAtI hai / avAya taka sUkSmatApUrvaka pahu~canA yA yathAvat avAyAtmaka-nizcayAtmaka sthiti adhigata kara lene kI viziSTa kSamatA avAya-sampadA ke nAma se abhihita hotI hai, jo AcArya meM svabhAvataH hotI hai| dhAraNA-mati sampadA-avAya-krama meM jJAna jisa nizciti meM pahuMcatA hai, usakA TikanA, sthira rahanA, smaraNa rakhanA dhAraNA hai / ise vAsanA yA smRti bhI kahA jAtA hai| yaha saMskarAtmaka hai| mana ke smRti-paTa para usa jJAna kA eka bhAvAtmaka rUpa aMkita ho jAtA hai| dUsare kisI samaya vaise padArtha ko dekhate hI pahale ke padArtha kI smRti jAga uThatI hai / yaha jAgane vAlI smRti usI saMskAra kA phala hai, jo usa padArtha ke matyAtmaka manana-krama meM mana para aMkita ho gayA thaa| dhAraNA, vAsanA yA smRti kA vaiziSTya yA vaibhava dhAraNA-matisampadA hai / AcArya isake dhanI hote haiN| jisakI mananAtmaka kSamatA jitanI adhika vikasita hotI hai, use mati ke isa utthAna-krama meM utanA hI vaiziSTya prApta rahatA hai / AcArya meM yaha kSamatA apanI vizeSatA lie rahatI hai| udAtta vyaktitva kI dRSTi se AcArya ke lie aisA honA Avazyaka bhI hai| prayoga-sampadA kisI viSaya para prativAdI ke sAtha vAda yA vicAra karanA yahA~ prayoga zabda se abhihita kiyA cayA 1. dazAzrutaskandhasUtra, adhyayana 4, sUtra 7
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________________ jaina zramaNa saMgha : samIkSAtmaka parizIlana 133 / gayA hai| vAda sambandhI vizeSa paTatA yA kuzalatA kA nAma prayoga-sampadA hai| usake nimnalikhita cAra' bheda haiM (1) apane Apako jAnakara vAda kA prayoga karanA / (2) pariSad ko jAnakara vAda kA prayoga karanA / (3) kSetra ko jAnakara vAda kA prayoga karanA / (4) vastu ko jAnakara vAda kA prayoga krnaa| (1) Atma-jJAnapUrvaka vAda kA prayoga-vAdArtha udyata vyakti ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki pahale vaha apanI zakti, kSamatA, pramANa, naya Adi ke sambandha meM apanI yogyatA ko A~ke / yaha bhI dekhe ki prativAdI kI tulanA meM usakI kaisI sthiti hai / vaha tatpazcAt vAda meM pravRtta ho / aisA na hone para pratikula pariNAma Ane kI AzaMkA ho sakatI hai / ataH AcArya meM isa prakAra kI vizeSatA kA honA Avazyaka hai| yoM soca-vicAra kara, apanI kSamatA ko A~ka kara buddhimattApUrvaka vAda meM pravRtta honA pahale prakAra kI prayoga-sampadA hai| (2) pariSada-jJAna pUrvaka vAda-prayoga-jisa pariSad ke bIca vAda hone ko hai, kuzala vAdI ko cAhie ki vaha usa pariSada ke sambandha meM pahale se hI jAnakArI prApta kare ki vaha (pariSada) gambhIra tatvoM ko samajhatI hai yA nahIM / yaha bhI jAne ki pariSad kI ruci vAdI ke apane dhArmika siddhAntoM meM hai yA prativAdI ke siddhAntoM meM / kevala tarka aura yukti-bala dvArA hI prativAdI para sampUrNa saphalatA nahIM pAI jA sktii| jina logoM ke bIca vAda pravRtta hotA hai, unakA mAnasika jhukAva bhI usameM kAma karatA hai / ataeva saphalatA yA prativAdI para vijaya cAhane vAle vAdI ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki pariSada kI anukulatA aura pratikulatA ko dRSTi meM rakhe / isa ora soce-vicAre binA vAda meM pravRtta na ho| AcArya meM isa prakAra kI vizeSa samajha ke sAtha vAda meM pravRtta hone kI sahaja vizeSatA hotI hai| kSetra-jAna pUrvaka vAda-prayoga--jisa kSetra meM vAda hone ko hai, vaha kaisA hai, vahA~ ke loga darlabha bodhi haiM yA sulabha bodhi, vahA~ kA zAsaka vijJa hai yA ajJa, anukUla hai yA pratikUla ityAdi bAtoM ko bhI dhyAna meM rakhanA vAdI ke lie Avazyaka hai| yadi loga sulabha bodhi, zAsaka vijJa tathA anukUla ho to vidvAna vAdI ko saphalatA aura gaurava milatA hai| kSetra kI sthiti isake pratikUla ho to vAdI atyanta yogya hote hue bhI saphala bana sake, yaha kaThina hai / AcArya meM kSetra ko parakhane kI apanI vizeSatA hotI hai| vastu-jJAna pUrvaka vAda kA prayoga--vastu kA artha vAda kA viSaya hai / jisa viSaya para vAda yA vaicArika UhApoha kiyA jAnA hai, vaha vAdI ko dhyAna meM rahanA Avazyaka hai / usa viSaya ke vibhinna pakSa, usa sambandha meM vividha dhAraNAe~, unakA samAdhAna ityAdi dRSTi meM rakhate hue vAda meM pravRtta honA hitAvaha hotA hai| AcArya meM yaha vizeSatA bhI honI caahie| saMkSepa meM, sAra yaha hai ki AcArya kA saMgha meM sabase adhika mahatvapUrNa sthAna hotA hai| unakI vijaya NET 1 dazAzrutaskandha sUtra, adhyayana 4, sUtra 11 indantriM aar-AAMANABAJANANALShaiMahasammGOWOOONP Nit! SIAcArya prAAmAANAYA
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________________ AcAryapravaTa abhizApAryapravara abhinaya zrIAnanda anyazrIAnandA grantha51 134 itihAsa aura saMskRti CEO sAre saMgha kI zobhA hai, unakI parAjaya sAre saMgha kA apamAna / ataH yaha vAMchanIya hai ki AcArya meM vAdaprayoga sambandhI vizeSatAeM, jinakA ullekha huA hai, hoN| jisase unakA apanA gaurava bar3he, saMgha kI mahimA phaile| saMgrahaparijJA-sampadA jaina zramaNa ke jIvana meM parigraha ke lie koI sthAna nahIM hai / vaha sarvathA niSparigrahI jIvanayApana karatA hai / yaha hone para bhI jaba taka sAdhaka sadeha hai, use jIvana-yAtrA ke nirvAha ke lie katipaya vastuoM kI apekSA rahatI hI hai / zAstrIya vidhAna ke anurUpa una vastuoM kA grahaNa karatA huA sAdhaka parigrahI nahIM banatA kyoMki una vastuoM meM usakI jarA bhI mUrchA yA Asakti nahIM hotii| parigraha kA AdhAra mUrchA yA Asakti hai / yadi apane deha ke prati bhI sAdhaka ke mana meM mUrchA yA Asakti ho jAe to vaha parigraha ho jAtA hai| Atma-sAdhanA me lage sAdhaka kA jIvana anAsakta aura amUcchita hotA hai, honA cAhie / yahI kAraNa hai ki usa dvArA anivArya AvazyakatAoM ke nirvAha ke lie amUcchita evaM anAsakta bhAva se apekSita padArthoM kA grahaNa adUSaNIya hai| saMgraha kA artha zramaNa ke vaiyaktika tathA sAmaSTika saMghIya jIvana ke lie Avazyaka vastuoM kA avalokana, Akalana yA svIkAra hai| vastuoM kI AvazyakatA, samIcInatA evaM sulabhatA kA jJAna saMgrahaparijJA kahA jAtA hai| AcArya para saMgha ke saMcAlana, saMrakSaNa evaM vyavasthA kA uttaradAyitva hotA hai ataH unheM isa ora jAgarUka rahanA apekSita hai ki kaba kisa vastu kI AvazyakatA par3a jAe aura pUrti kisa prakAra sambhava ho| isameM jAgarUkatA ke sAtha-sAtha sUjha-bUjha tathA vyAvahArika kuzalatA kI bhI AvazyakatA rahatI hai| yaha AcArya kI apanI asAdhAraNa vizeSatA hai / saMgrahaparijJA-sampadA ke cAra prakAra batAye gaye haiM(1) kSetra-pratilekhana-parijJA (2) prAtihArika-avagraha-prarijJA (3) kAla-sammAna-parijJA (4) guru-saMpUjanA-parijJA (1) kSetra pratilekhana-parijJA-sAdhuoM ke pravAsa aura vihAra ke sthAna kSetra kahe jAte haiN| jaina zramaNa varSA Rtu ke cAra mahIne eka hI sthAna para Tikate haiM, kahIM bihAra-yAtrA nahIM karate / ise cAturmAsika pravAsa kahA jAtA hai| isake atirikta ve jana-jana ko dharmopadeza yA adhyAtma-preraNA dene ke nimitta ghUmate rahate haiN| roga, vArdhakya, daihika azaktatA Adi apavAdoM ke atirikta ve kahIM bhI eka mAsa se adhika nahIM ttikte| cAturmAsika pravAsa ke lie kaunasA kSetra kaisA hai, sAdhu-jIvana ke lie apekSita niravadya padArtha kahA~ kisa rUpa meM prApya haiM, asvastha sAdhuoM kI cikitsA, pathya AhAra Adi kI sulabhatA, jalavAyu va nivAsa sthAna kI anukUlatA Adi bAtoM kA dhyAna AcArya ko rahatA hai| cAturmAsika pravAsa meM isa bAta KNO Non 1 dazazrutaskandha sUtra adhyayana 4 sUtra 12
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________________ jaina zramaNa saMgha : samIkSAtmaka parizIlana 135 CHI bA kA aura adhika mahatva hai| varSa bhara meM varSAvAsa ke antargata hI zramaNoM kA eka sthAna para sabase lambA pravAsa hotA hai / adhyayana cikitsA Adi kI dRSTi se vahA~ yatheSTa samaya milatA hai| isalie ina bAtoM kA vicAra bahuta Avazyaka hai| dharma-prasAra kI dRSTi se bhI kSetra kI gaveSaNA kA mahatva hai| yadi kisI kSetra ke logoM ko adhyAtma meM rasa hai to vahA~ bahata loga dharma-bhAvanA se anuprANita hoMge, dharma kI prabhAvanA hogii| ___ AcArya ina saba dRSTikoNoM ko AtmasAt kiye rahate haiN| (2) prAtihArika avagraha-parijJA-zramaNa apanI AvazyakatA ke anusAra do prakAra kI vastue~ lete haiN| prathama koTi me ve vastue~ AtI haiM, jo sampUrNatayA upayoga meM lI jAtI haiM, vApisa nahIM lauTAI jAtI, jaise-anna, jala, auSadhi Adi / dUsarI ve vastaeM haiM. jo upayoga meM lene ke bAda vApisa jAtI haiM, unheM prAtihArika kahA jAtA hai| prAtihArika kA zAbdika artha bhI isI prakAra kA hai| pITha, phalaka, zayyA, saMstAraka Adi isa koTi meM Ate haiN| AcArya ke darzana tathA unase adhyayana Adi ke nimitta aneka dUsare sAdha bhI Ate rahate haiN| unake svAgata-satkAra, suvidhA Adi kI dRSTi se jaba jaise apekSita hoM, pITha, phalaka, Asana Adi ke lie AcArya ko dhyAna rakhanA Avazyaka hotA hai| kauna vastu kahA~ prApya hai, yaha dhyAna rahane para AvazyakatA par3ate hI zAstrIya vidhi ke anusAra vaha tatkAla prApta kI jA sakatI hai| usake lie anAvazyaka rUpa meM bhaTakanA nahIM par3atA hai| (3) kAla-sammAna-parijJA-kAla ke sammAna kA Azaya sAdhujIvanocita kriyAoM kA samucita samaya para anuSThAna karanA hai| aisA karanA vyAvahArika dRSTi se jahA~ vyavasthita jIvana kA paricAyaka hai, vahA~ AdhyAtmika dRSTi se jIvana meM isase anta:sthiratA parivyApta hotI hai| kriyAoM ke yathAkAla anuSThAna ke lie kAla kA 'sammAna' karanA--aisA jo prayoga zAstra meM AyA hai, usase spaSTa hai ki yathAsamaya dhArmika kriyAoM ke sampAdana kA kitanA adhika mahatva rahA hai| AcArya sAre saMgha ke niyAmaka aura adhinAyaka hote haiN| unake jIvana kA kSaNa-kSaNa antevAsiyoM evaM anuyAyiyoM ke samakSa Adarza ke rUpa meM vidyamAna rahatA hai / usakA una para amiTa prabhAva hotA hai| isalie yathAsamaya saba kriyAe~ suvyavasthita rUpa meM saMpAdita karanA, usa ora anavarata yatnazIla rahanA AcArya ke lie Avazyaka hai| (4) guru-saMpUjanA-parijJA-jo dIkSA-paryAya meM apane se jyeSTha hoM, una zramaNoM kA vandana, namana Adi dvArA bahumAna karane meM AcArya sadA jAgarUka rahate haiN| ise ve Avazyaka aura mahatvapUrNa samajhate haiM / aisA karanA guru-saMpUjanA-parijJA hai| AcArya kI yaha pravRtti antevAsiyoM ko bar3oM kA sammAna karane, unake prati Adara evaM zraddhA dikhAne kI ora prerita karatI hai| saMgha ke vAtAvaraNa meM isase sauhArda kA saMcAra hotA hai| phalata: saMgha vikasita aura unnata banatA hai| 1. pratiharaNaM pratihAra-pratyarpaNam, tamahatIti prAtihArikam / puna: samarpaNIya saMstArakAdau / -jJAtAdharmakathA saTIka, zrutaskandha 1, adhyayana 5 AcAryapravara zrIAnandamanthazrAndiyan AcAryapravaraAnanda Preemwwer
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________________ AcArya prava zrI Ananda* grantha 136 upAdhyAya abhinaMdana itihAsa aura saMskRti * grantha jainadarzana jJAna aura kriyA ke samanvita anusaraNa para AdhRta hai / saMyama-mUlaka AcAra kA paripAlana jaina sAdhaka ke jIvana kA jahA~ anivArya aMga hai, vahA~ usake lie yaha bhI apekSita hai ki vaha jJAna kI ArAdhanA meM bhI apane ko tanmayatA ke sAtha jor3e / sadajJAna pUrvaka Acarita kriyA meM zuddhi kI anupama suSamA prasphuTita hotI hai| jisa prakAra jJAna prasUta kriyA kI garimA hai, usI prakAra kriyAnvita yA kriyA-pariNata jJAna kI hI vAstavika sArthakatA hai| jJAna aura kriyA jahA~ pUrva aura pazcima kI taraha bhinna dizAoM meM jAte haiM, vahA~ jIvana kA dhyeya saghatA nahIM / anuSThAna dvArA ina donoM pakSoM meM sAmaMjasya utpanna kara jisa gati se sAdhaka sAdhanA-patha para agrasara hogA, sAdhya ko AtmasAt karane meM vaha utanA hI adhika saphala banegA / jaina saMgha ke padoM meM AcArya ke bAda dUsarA pada upAdhyAya kA hai / isa pada kA sambandha mukhyataH adhyayana se hai, upAdhyAya zramaNoM ko sUtra vAcanA dete haiM / kahA gayA hai-- bArasaMgo jiNakkhAo, sajjao kahio buha / ta uvaissaMti jamhA, uvajjhayA teNa vuccaMti || jina pratipAdita dvAdazAMgarUpa svAdhyAya --- sUtra - vAG maya jJAniyoM dvArA kathita varNita yA prathita kiyA gayA hai / jo usakA upadeza karate haiM, ve (upadezaka zramaNa ) upAdhyAya kahe jAte haiM / yahA~ sUtra vAG maya kA upadeza karane kA Azaya AgamoM kI sUtra vAcanA denA hai / sthAnAMga vRtti meM bhI upAdhyAya kA sUtradAtA' (sUtravAcanAdAtA) ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai / AcArya kI sampadAoM ke varNana prasaMga meM yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki AgamoM kI artha- vAcanA AcArya dete haiM / yahA~ jo upAdhyAya dvArA svAdhyAyopadeza yA sUtravAcanA dene kA ullekha hai, usakA tAtparya yaha hai ki sUtroM ke pAThoccAraNa kI zuddhatA, spaSTatA, vizadatA, aparivartyatA tathA sthiratA banAye rakhane ke hetu upAdhyAya pAramparika tathA Aja kI bhASA meM bhASA vaijJAnika Adi dRSTiyoM se antevAsI zramaNoM ko mUla pATha kA sAMgopAMga zikSaNa dete haiM / anuyogadvAra sUtra meM 'Agamata: dravyAvazyaka, ke sandarbha meM paThana yA vAcana kA vivecana karate hue tatsambandhI vizeSatAoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai, jisase pratIta hotA hai ki pATha kI eka akSuNNa tathA sthira paramparA jaina zramaNoM meM rahI hai / Agama-pATha ko yathAvat banAye rakhane meM isase bar3I sahAyatA milI hai / Agama-gAthAoM kA uccAraNa kara denA mAtra pATha yA vAcana nahIM hai / anuyogadvAra meM pada ke zikSita, jita, sthita, mita, parijita, nAmasama, ghoSasama, ahInAkSara, atyakSara, avyAviddhasara, askhalita, 1. bhagavatI sUtra 1. 1. 1 maMgalAcaraNa vRtti / 2. upAdhyAya : sUtradAtA / sthAnAMga sUtra 3. 4. 323 vRtti /
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________________ jaina zramaNa saMgha : samIkSAtmaka parizIlana 137 JAESIBAR 2 DIM amilita, avyatyAnaMDita, pratipUrNa, pratipUrNa ghoSa tathA kaNThoSThavipramukta vizeSaNa diye gaye hai|' saMkSepa meM inakA tAtparya yoM hai1. zikSita sAdhAraNatayA sIkha lenaa| 2. sthita sIkhe hue ko mastiSka meM TikAnA / 3. jita anukrama pUrvaka paThana krnaa| 4. mita akSara Adi kI maryAdA, saMyojana Adi jAnanA / 5. parijita ananukrama-vyatikrama yA anukrama ke binA pATha krnaa| 6. nAmasama jisa prakAra hara vyakti ko apanA nAma smaraNa rahatA hai, usa prakAra sUtra kA pATha yAda rahanA arthAt sUtrapATha ko isa prakAra AtmasAt kara lenA ki jaba bhI pUchA jAe, yathAvat rUpa meM batalAyA jA ske| 7. ghoSasama svara ke hrasva, dIrgha, pluta tathA udAtta, anudAtta aura svarita ke rUpa meM jo uccAraNa sambandhI bheda vaiyAkaraNoM ne kiye haiM, unake anurUpa uccAraNa karanA / 8. ahInAkSara pAThakama meM kisI bhI akSara ko hIna-lupta yA aspaSTa na kara denaa| 6. anatyakSara adhika akSara na jodd'naa| 10. avyAviddhAsara akSara, pada Adi kA viparIta-ulTA paThana na krnaa| 11. askhalita pATha meM skhalana na karanA, pATha kA yathApravAha uccAraNa krnaa| 12. amilita akSaroM ko paraspara na milAte hue-uccAraNIya pATha ke sAtha kinhIM dUsare akSaroM ko na milAte hue uccAraNa krnaa| 13. avyatyAnaMDita anya sUtroM, zAstroM ke pATha ko samAnArthaka jAnakara uccArya pATha ke sAtha milA denA vyatyAnaMDita hai| aisA na karanA avyatyA mraDita hai| 14. pratipUrNa pATha kA pUrNa rUpa se uccAraNa karanA, usake kisI aMga ko anaccArita na rkhnaa| . Merge E 1. anuyoga dvAra sUtra--16 2. UkAlo'jyasva dIrgha plutaH / -pANinIya aSTAdhyAyI 1. 2. 27 / 3. ucca rudAttaH / nIcairanudAttaH / samAhAraH / svaritaH / -pANinIya aSTAdhyAyI 1. 2. 26-31 PARuaman andnanMANASAMBHAJAJANMAAMADARAiseDMAALLARSHANAMAHAKARIAAAAAINIAKIRTALRAMPARAMINAKASHING YC zAcAphrAnAzAcAphnAvaza zrIAnandanthazrAAnanda anya m- Howmom AmAvinianMonieranorma
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________________ PLAndamarinanArrarsemaniamarMinIAL -MAuranamamimandarawasanaramaniaiorsranamamaAAAdrialwedisair m ire Kranamamrpawan AcAryapravara triAcAryapravaabhinaya zrIAnandagranthazrAAnandAnthaH 6 138 itihAsa aura saMskRti 15. pratipUrNadhoSa uccAraNIya pATha kA manda svara, jo kaThinAI se sunAI de, dvArA uccAraNa na karanA, pUre svara kA spaSTatA se uccA raNa krnaa| 16. kaNThoSThavipramukta : uccAraNIya pATha yA pAThAMza ko gale aura hoThoM meM aTakA kara aspaSTa nahIM bolnaa| sUtra pATha ko akSuNNa tathA aparivartya banAye rakhane ke lie upAdhyAya ko sUtra-vAcanA dene meM kitanA jAgarUka tathA prayatnazIla rahanA hotA thA, yaha ukta vivecana se spaSTa hai| lekhanakrama ke astitva meM Ane se pUrva vaidika, jaina aura bauddha sabhI paramparAoM meM apane AgamoM, ArSa zAstroM ke kaNThastha rakhane kI praNAlI thii| mUla pATha kA rUpa akSuNNa banA rahe, parivartana samaya kA usa para prabhAva na Ae, isa nimitta una dvArA aise pATha-krama yA uccAraNa-paddhati kA paristhApana svAbhAvika thA, jisase eka se sunakara yA par3hakara dUsarA vyakti sarvathA usI rUpa meM zAstra ko AtmasAt banAye rakha sake / udAharaNArtha saMhitA pATha, pada-pATha, krama-pATha jaTA-pATha, aura ghana-pATha ke rUpa meM vedoM ke paThana kA bhI bar3A vaijJAnika prakAra thA, jisane aba taka unako mUla rUpa meM banAye rakhA hai| eka se dUsare dvArA zruti-paramparA se Agama-prAptikrama ke bAvajUda jainoM ke Agamika vAGamaya meM koI vizeSa yA adhika parivartana AyA ho, aisA sambhava nahIM lagatA / sAmAnyataH loga kaha dete haiM ki kisI se eka vAkya bhI sunakara dUsarA vyakti kisI tIsare vyakti ko batAe to yatkiMcit parivartana A sakatA hai, phira yaha kaba sambhava hai ki itane vizAla Agama-vAGamaya meM kAla kI isa lambI avadhi ke bIca bhI koI parivartana nahIM A skaa| sAdhAraNatayA aisI zaMkA uThanA asvAbhAvika nahIM hai kintu Agama-pATha kI uparyukta paramparA se svataH samAdhAna ho jAtA hai ki jahA~ mUla pATha kI surakSA ke lie itane upAya pracalita the, vahA~ AgamoM kA mUla svarUpa kyoM nahIM avyAhata aura aparivartita rahatA / artha yA abhiprAya kA Azraya sUtra kA mUla pATha hai / usI kI pRSThabhUmi para usakA pallavana aura vikAsa sambhava hai / ataeva usake zuddha svarUpa ko sthira rakhane ke lie sUtra-vAcanA yA paThana kA itanA bar3A mahatva samajhA gayA ki saMgha meM usake lie 'upAdhyAya' kA pRthak pada pratiSThita kiyA gyaa| pravartaka AcArya ke bahavidha uttaradAyitvoM ke samyaka nirvahaNa meM suvidhA rahe, dharma-saMgha uttarottara unnati karatA jAe, zramaNavanda zrAmaNya ke paripAlana aura vikAsa meM gatizIla rahe, isa hetu anya padoM ke sAtha pravartaka kA bhI vizeSa pada pratiSThita kiyA gyaa| pravartaka pada kA vizleSaNa karate hae likhA hai tapa saMyamayogeSu, yogyaM yohi pravartayet / nivartayedayogyaM ca, gaNacintI pravartakaH // ' ALS pn 1. dharmasaMgraha, adhikAra 3, gAthA 143
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________________ jaina zramaNa saMgha : samIkSAtmaka parizIlana 136 pravartaka gaNa yA zramaNa-saMgha kI cintA karate haiM arthAt ve usakI gatividhi kA dhyAna rakhate haiM / ve jina zramaNoM ko tapa, saMyama tathA prazasta yogamUlaka anyAnya satpravRttiyoM meM yogya pAte haiM, unheM unameM pravRtta yA utprerita karate haiN| mUlataH to sabhI zramaNa zrAmaNya kA nirvAha karate hI haiM para ruci kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa kinhIM kA tapa kI ora adhika jhakAva hotA hai. kaI zAstrAnuzIlana meM adhika rasa lete haiM, kaI saMyama ke dUsare pahaluoM kI ora adhika AkRSTa rahate haiM / ruci ke kAraNa kisI vizeSa pravRtti kI ora zramaNa kA utsAha ho sakatA hai para hara kisI ko apanI yathArtha sthiti kA bhalI bhA~ti jJAna ho, yaha Avazyaka nahIM / ati utsAha ke kAraNa kabhI-kabhI apanI kSamatA ko AMka pAnA bhI kaThina hotA hai / aisI paristhiti meM pravartaka kA yaha kartavya hai ki jinako jisa pravRtti ke lie yogya mAnate hoM, unheM usa ora prerita aura pravRtta kareM / jo unheM jisa pravRtti ke samyak nirvAha meM yogya na jAna par3eM, unheM ve usa ora se nivRtta kareM / sAdhaka ke lie isa prakAra ke patha-nirdezaka kA honA parama Avazyaka hai / isase usakI zakti aura puruSArtha kA samIcIna upayoga hotA hai / aisA na hone se kaI prakAra kI kaThinAiyA~ upasthita ho jAtI haiM / udAharaNArtha- koI zramaNa ati utsAha ke kAraNa apane ko ugra tapasyA meM lagAye para kalpanA kIjiye, usakI daihika kSamatA isa prakAra kI na ho, svAsthya anukUla na ho, mAnasika sthiratA kama ho to vaha apane prayatna meM jaisA socatA hai, cAhatA hai, saphala nahIM ho pAtA / usakA utsAha TUTa jAtA hai, vaha apane ko zAyada hIna bhI mAnane lagatA hai / ataeva pravartaka, jinameM jJAna, anubhava tathA anUThI sUjhabUjha hotI hai, kA dAyitva hotA hai ki ve zramaNoM ko unakI yogyatA ke anurUpa utkarSa ke vibhinna mArgoM para gatizIla hone meM pravRtta kareM, jo ucita na pratIta hoM, unase nivRtta kareM / ukta tathya ko spaSTa karate hue aura bhI kahA gayA hai tavasaMjamaniyamesu, jo juggo tattha taM pavettaI / asahU ya niyataMttI, gaNatattallo pavatIo // tapaH saMyamayogeSu madhye yo yatra yogyastaM tatra pravarttayanti, asahAMzca / asamarthAzca nivarttayanti / evaM gaNatRptipravRttAH pravartinaH / 1 sayama, tapa Adi ke AcaraNa meM jo dhairya aura sahiSNutA cAhie, jinameM vaha hotI hai, ve hI usakA samyak anuSThAna kara sakate haiN| jinameM vaisI sahanazIlatA aura dRr3hatA nahIM hotI, unakA usa para Tike rahanA sambhava nahIM hotA / pravartaka kA yaha kAma hai ki kisa zramaNa ko kisa ora pravRtta kare, kahA~ se nivRtta kare / gaNa ko tRpta - tuSTa-ullasita karane meM pravartaka sadA prayatnazIla rahate haiM / sthavira jaina saMgha meM sthavira kA pada atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai / sthAnAMga sUtra' meM daza prakAra ke sthavira batalAye gaye haiM, jinameM se antima tIna jAti-sthavira, zruta-sthavira tathA paryAya sthavira kA sambandha vizeSataH zramaNa 1. vyavahAra bhASya, uddezaka 1, gAthA 340 2. sthAnAMgasUtra, sthAna 10, sUtra 762 INAKAAAAcc UNC zaoN JAJAAJJAJARAM zrIAnanda Azada zrAnandaka abhinaMdana abhinaMda
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________________ Ao karUna Aga A za vahI 140 itihAsa aura saMskRti jIvana se hai / sthavira kA sAmAnya artha praur3ha yA vRddha hai / jo janma se arthAt Ayu se sthavira hote haiM, ve jAti-sthavira kahe jAte haiM / sthAnAMga ' vRtti meM unake lie sATha varSa kI Ayu kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai / jo zruta-samavAya Adi aga, Agama va zAstra ke pAragAmI hote haiM, ve zruta sthavira' kahe jAte haiM / unake lie Ayu kI iyattA kA nibandha nahIM hai / ve choTI Ayu ke bhI ho sakate haiM / paryAya sthavira ke hote haiM, jinakA dIkSAkAla lambA hotA hai / inake lie bIsa varSa ke dIkSAparyAya ke hone kA vRttikAra ne ullekha kiyA hai jinakI Ayu paripakva hotI hai, unheM jIvana ke aneka prakAra ke anubhava hote haiM / ve jIvana meM bahuta prakAra ke anukUla-pratikUla, priya-apriya ghaTanAkrama dekhe hue hote haiM ataH ve viparIta paristhiti meM bhI vicalita nahIM hote ve sthira bane rahate haiM / sthavira zabda sthiratA kA bhI dyotaka hai / jinakA zAstrAdhyayana vizAla hotA hai, ve bhI apane vipula jJAna dvArA jIvana satva ke parijJAtA hote haiM / zAstra jJAna dvArA unake jIvana meM AdhyAtmika sthiratA aura dRr3hatA hotI hai / jinakA dIkSA - paryAya, saMyama jIvitavya lambA hotA hai, unake jIvana meM dhArmika paripakvatA, cAritrika bala evaM Atma-oja sahaja hI prasphuTita ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra ke jIvana ke dhanI zramaNoM kI apanI garimA hai / ve dRr3hadharmA hote haiM aura saMgha ke zramaNoM ko dharma meM, sAdhanA meM, saMyama meM sthira banAye rakhane ke lie sadaiva jAgarUka tathA prayatnazIla rahate haiM / pravacanasAroddhAra (dvAra 2) meM kahA gayA hai abhinaMdana "pravartitavyApArAn saMyamayogeSu sIdataH sAdhUn jJAnAdiSu / aihikAmuSmika pAya darzanataH sthirIkarotIti sthavira: / jo sAdhu laukika eSaNAvaza sAMsArika kArya-kalApoM meM pravRtta hone lagate haiM, jo saMyama pAlana meM, jJAnAnuzIlana meM kaSTa kA anubhava karate haiM, aihika aura pAralaukika hAni yA duHkha dikhalA kara unheM jo zramaNa jIvana meM sthira karate haiM, ve sthavira kahe jAte haiM / ve svayaM ujjvala cAritrya ke dhanI hote haiM, ata: unake preraNA vacana, prayatna prAyaH niSphala nahIM hote / sthavira kI vizeSatAoM kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai ki sthavira saMvigna-mokSa ke abhilASI, mArdavita, atyanta mRdu yA komala prakRti ke dhanI aura dharmapriya hote haiM / jJAna, darzana evaM cAritrya kI ArAdhanA meM upAdeya anuSThAnoM ko jo zramaNa parihIna karatA hai, unake pAlana meM asthira banatA hai, ve 1. jAtisthavirA: - SaSTivarSa pramANajanmaparyAyAH / 2. zratasthavirA: samavAyAGa gadhAriNaH / -- sthAnAMga sUtra, sthAna 10 sUtra, 762 vRtti 3. paryAyasthavirA: - vizativarSa pramANapravrajyA paryAyavantaH / ----sthAnAMgasUtra, sthAna 10, sUtra 762 vRtti --sthAnAMgasUtra, sthAna 10, sUtra 762 vRtti
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________________ jaina zramaNa saMgha : samIkSAtmaka parizIlana (sthavira) use jJAna, darzana tathA cAritrya kI yAda dilAte haiN| patanonmukha zramaNoM ko ve aihika aura pAralaukika adhaHpatana dikhalA kara mokSa ke mArga meM sthira karate haiN|' isI Azaya ko aura spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai tena vyApAriteSvarthe-panagArAMzca sIdataH / sthirIkaroti sacchaktiH, sthaviro bhavatIha saH // tapa, saMyama, zrutArAdhanA tathA Atma-sAdhanA Adi zramaNa-jIvana ke unnAyaka kArya, jo saMdhapravartaka dvArA zramaNoM ke lie niyojita kiye jAte haiM, meM jo zramaNa asthira ho jAte haiM, inakA anusaraNa karane meM jo kaSTa mAnate haiM yA inakA pAlana karanA jinako apriya lagatA hai, bhAtA nahIM, unheM jo Atmazaktisampanna dRDhacetA zramaNa ukta anuSTheya kAryoM meM dRr3ha banAtA hai, vaha sthavira kahA jAtA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki saMyama-jIvana. jo zrAmaNya kA aparihArya aMga hai, ke praharI kA mahanIya kArya sthavira karate haiM / saMgha meM unakI bahuta pratiSThA tathA sAkha hotI hai| avasara Ane para ve AcArya taka ko Avazyaka bAteM sujhA sakate haiM, jina para unheM (AcArya ko) bhI gaura karanA hotA hai| saMkSepa meM, sAra yaha hai ki sthavira saMyama meM svayaM avicala-sthitizIla hote aura saMgha ke sadasyoM ko vaisA bane rahane ke lie utprerita karate rahate haiN| gaNI ___gaNI kA sAmAnya artha gaNa yA sAdhu-samudAya kA adhipati hai| ata: AcArya ke lie bhI isa zabda kA prayoga dekhane meM AtA hai| parantu yahA~ yaha eka viziSTa artha ko lie hue hai| saMgha meM jo apratima vidvAna, bahuzruta zramaNa hotA thA, use gaNI kA pada diyA jAtA thaa| gaNI ke sambandha meM likhA hai asya pArve AcAryAH sUtradyamabhyasyanti / 3 arthAt AcArya unake pAsa sUtra Adi kA abhyAsa karate haiN| - yadyapi AcArya kA sthAna saMgha meM sarvocca hotA hai| unameM AcAra pAlane, palavAne, saMgha ke zramaNoM ko anuzAsana meM rakhane, unako tatva-jJAna dene, unakA parirakSaNa tathA vikAsa karate rahane kI asAdhAraNa ya saMviggo maddavio, piyadhammo nANadasaNacarittai / je aTTha pari hAyai, sAto te havaI thero // yaH saMvigno mokSAbhilASI, mArdavita: saMjJAtamArdavikaH / (1) priyadharmA ekAntavallabhaH saMyamAnuSThAne, yo jJAnadarzanacAritreSu madhye yAnAnapAdeyAnuSThAnavizeSAn parihApayati hAni nayati tAn taM smArayan bhavati sthaviraH, sIdamAnAnsAdhana aihikA''muSmikApAyapradarzanatAM mokSamArge sthirIkarotIti sthavira iti vyutpteH| -abhidhAna rAjendra bhAga, 4, pRSTha 2386-87 2. dharmasaMgraha, adhikAra 3, gAthA 73 3. kalpa subodhikA kalpa : DJukunMEANMAHARAOORDADAND ApApravAhava AnApAryapravara amana zrAADannyAzrIAnanda mew wwimary
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________________ ENITI haiAcArya AcAryapravAsa abhiva atra zrAAnandAanyazrIAnandagrantha 142 itihAsa aura saMskRti TA kSamatA hotI hai| unake vyaktitva meM sarvAtizA ya oja tathA prabhAva hotA hai| parantu yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki saMghagata zramaNoM meM ve sabase adhika vidvAna evaM adhyetA hoN| gaNI meM isa koTi kI jJAnAtmaka vizeSatA hotI hai| phalasvarUpa ve AcArya ko bhI vAcanA de sakate haiN| isase yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki AcArya-pada kevala vidvattA ke AdhAra para nahIM diyA jAtA / vidyA jIvana kA eka pakSa hai| usake atirikta aura bhI aneka pakSa haiM / jinake binA jIvana meM samagratA nahIM aatii| AcArya ke vyaktitva meM vaisI samagratA honI cAhie, jisase jIvana ke saba aMga paripUrita lgeN| yaha saba hone para bhI AcArya ko yadi zAstrAdhyayana kI aura apekSA ho to ve gaNI se zAstrAbhyAsa kreN| AcArya jaise ucca pada para adhiSThita vyakti eka anya sAdhu se adhyayana kareM, isameM kyA unakI garimA nahIM miTatI-AcArya aisA vicAra nahIM karate / ve guNagrAhI tathA ucca saMskArI hote haiM, ata: jo jo unheM Avazyaka lagatA hai, ve una viSayoM ko gaNI se par3hate haiM / yaha kitanI svastha tathA sukhAvaha paramparA hai ki AcArya bhI viziSTa jJAnI se jJAnArjana karate nahIM hicakate / jJAna aura jJAnI ke satkAra kA yaha anukaraNIya prasaMga hai| gaNadhara gaNadhara kA zAbdika artha gaNa yA zramaNa-saMgha ko dhAraNa karane vAlA, gaNa kA adhipati yA svAmI hotA hai / Avazyaka vRtti meM anuttara jJAna, darzana Adi guNoM ke gaNa-samUha ko dhAraNa karane vAle gaNadhara kahe gaye haiN| Agama-vAGamaya meM gaNadhara zabda mukhyata: do arthoM meM prayukta hai| tIrthaMkara ke pramukha ziSya, jo una (tIrthakara) dvArA prarUpita tatva-jJAna kA dvAdazAMgI ke rUpa meM saMgrathana karate haiM, unake dharma-saMgha ke vibhinna gaNoM kI dekha-rekha karate haiM, apane-apane gaga ke zramaNoM ko Agama-vAcanA dete haiM, gaNadhara kahe jAte haiN| anuyogadvAra sUtra meM bhAva-pramANa ke antargata jJAna guNa ke Agama' nAmaka pramANa-bheda meM batAyA gayA hai ki gaNadharoM ke sUtra Atmagamya hote haiN| tIrthaMkaroM ke varNana-krama meM unakI anyAnya dharma-sampadAoM ke sAtha-sAtha unake gaNadharoM kA bhI yathAprasaMga ullekha haA hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke sAnnidhya meM gaNadharoM kI jaisI paramparA varNita hai, vaha sArvAdika nahIM hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke pazcAt athavA do tIrthakaroM ke antarvartI kAla meM gaNadhara nahIM hote| ataH udAharaNArtha gautama, sUdharmA Adi ke lie jo gaNadhara zabda prayukta huA hai, vaha gaNadhara ke zAbdika yA sAmAnya artha meM aprayojya hai| ___ gaNadhara kA dUsarA artha, jaisA ki sthAnAMga vRtti meM likhA gayA hai, AryAoM yA sAdhviyoM ko bayA 1. anuttarajJAnadarzanAdiguNAnAM gaNaM dhArayantIti gnndhraaH| -Avazyakaniyukti gAthA 1062 vatti 2. pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna aura Agama-ina cAra pramANoM kA vahA~ varNana huA hai| 3. AryikApratijAgarako vA sAdhu vizeSaH samayaprasiddhaH / / -sthAnAMga sUtra 4. 3. 323 vRtti
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________________ jaina zramaNa saMgha : samIkSAtmaka parizIlana 143 pratijAgRta rakhane vAlA arthAt unake saMyama- jIvana ke samyak nirvahaNa meM sadA preraNA, mArgadarzana evaM AdhyAtmika sahayoga karane vAlA zramaNa gaNadhara kahA jAtA hai / AryA-pratijAgaraka ke artha meM prayukta gaNadhara zabda se prakaTa hotA hai ki saMgha meM zramaNI - vRnda kI samIcIna vyavasthA, vikAsa, adhyAtma-sAdhanA meM uttarottara pragati ityAdi para pUrA dhyAna diyA jAtA thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki unakI dekharekha aura mArgadarzana ke kArya ko itanA mahatvapUrNa samajhA gayA ki eka viziSTa zramaNa ke manonayana meM isa pahalU ko bhI dhyAna meM rakhA jAtA thA / gaNAvacchedaka isa pada kA sambandha vizeSataH vyavasthA se hai| saMgha ke sadasyoM kA saMyama jIvitavya svastha evaM kuzala banA rahe, sAdhu-jIvana ke nirvAha hetu apekSita upakaraNa sAdhu-samudAya ko niravadya rUpa meM milate raheM ityAdi saMghIya AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti kA uttaradAyitya yA kartavya gaNAvacchedaka kA hotA hai / unake sambandha meM likhA hai jo saMghako sahArA dene, use dRr3ha banAye rakhane athavA saMgha ke zramaNoM kI saMyamayAtrA ke samyak nirvAha ke lie upadhi - zramaNa - jIvana ke lie Avazyaka sAmagrI kI gaveSaNA karane ke nimitta vihAra karate haiM--paryaTana karate haiM, prayatnazIla rahate haiM, ve gaNAvacchedaka hote haiM / " zrAmaNya - nirvAha ke lie apekSita sAdhana sAmagrI ke Akalana, tatsambandhI vyavasthA Adi kI dRSTi se gaNAvacchedaka ke pada kA bahuta bar3A mahattva hai / gaNAvacchedaka dvArA Avazyaka upakaraNa juTAne kA uttaradAyitva samhAla liye jAne se AcArya kA saMgha vyavasthA sambandhI bhAra kAphI halkA ho jAtA hai / phalataH unheM dharma-prabhAvanA tathA saMghonnati sambandhI anyAnya kAryoM kI sampannatA meM samaya dene kI adhika anukUlatA prApta rahatI hai / AdhAra: pRSThabhUmi pahale yaha carcita huA hai ki jaina paramparA meM pada niyukti kA AdhAra nirvAcana jaisI koI vastu nahIM thI / vartamAna AcArya apane uttarAdhikArI AcArya tathA anya padAdhikAriyoM kA manonayana karane ke lie sarvAdhikAra sampanna the / Aja bhI vaisA hI hai / jJAtavya hai ki uttarAdhikArI AcArya kA manonayana to Avazyaka samajhA gayA para dUsare padoM meM se jitanoM kI, jaba AcArya cAhate, pUrti karate / aisI anivAryatA nahIM thI ki uttarAdhikArI AcArya ke sAtha-sAtha anya sabhI padoM kI pUrti kI jAe / AcArya cAhate to avazeSa sabhI padoM kA kArya nirvAha svayaM karate athavA unameM se kucha kA karate, kucha para adhikArI manonIta karate / mUlataH samagra uttaradAyitva ke AdhAra stambha to AcArya hI haiM / 1. gaNasyAvacchedo vibhAgo'zo'syAstIti / yo hi taM gRhItvA gacchopaSTambhAyavopadhimArgaNAdinimittaM viharati / AcArya pra428 zrI Ananda -- sthAnAMga sUtra sthAna 4 udda ezaka 3 ( vRtti) grantha BBA 30 zrI Ananda tha Pro
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________________ AyAyapravala abhinandana AAna abhinaMdana itihAsa aura saMskRti vyavasthA-sauMdarya ke lie prAya: anya padoM para upayukta, yogya adhikAriyoM kA manonayana bhI AcArya upayogI mAnate rahe haiM / para kramazaH pazcAdvartI samaya meM vaisA krama pUrNatayA nahIM rahA / kabhIkabhI kevala AcArya pada para adhiSThita eka hI vyakti sArA kAryabhAra samhAlate rahe / kabhI AcArya tathA upAdhyAya - do pada kAryakara rahe / kabhI sAtoM padoM meM se jaba jo-jo apekSita samajhe gaye, tatkAlIna AcAryoM dvArA bhare gaye / rA Chu phra 144 kucha viziSTa yogyatAeM padoM para manonIta kiye jAne vAle zramaNoM meM kucha vizeSa yogyatAeM vAMchanIya samajhI gaI thIM / asAdhAraNa sthitiyoM meM kucha vizeSa nirNaya lene kI vyavasthAeM bhI rahI haiM / vyavahAra-sUtra tathA mAdhya meM isa sandarbha meM bar3A vizada vivecana huA hai, jisake katipaya pahalU yahA~ upasthita karanA upayogI hogA / kahA gayA hai ki jina zramaNoM, nirgranthoM ko dIkSA svIkAra kiye ATha varSa ho gaye hoM, jo AcAra, saMyama, pravacana, prajJA, saMgraha ' tathA upagraha ( zramaNoM ke paripoSaNa) meM kuzala hoM, jinakA cAritra akhaNDa, azabala - anAcAra ke dhabboM se rahita adUSita, abhinna- eka jaisA sAttvika, asaMkliSTa - saMklezarahita ho arthAta jo cAritra kA sampUrNa rUpa meM AtmollAsa pUrvaka pAlana karate hoM, jo bahuzruta vidvAna hoM, jo kama se kama anivAryataH sthAnAMgasUtra aura samavAyAMga sUtra ke dhAraka - vettA hoM, unheM AcArya upAdhyAya, pravartaka, sthavira, gaNI aura gaNAvacchedaka pada para adhiSThita karanA kalpanIya - - vihita hai / isI ko aura spaSTa karate hue batalAyA gayA hai ki jina zramaNoM meM ukta guNa yA vizeSatAe~ na hoM, unheM ye pada denA akalpanIya hai, ye pada unheM nahIM diye jAne cAhie / padoM ke sambandha meM eka vikalpa yoM hai jina zramaNa-nirgranthoM ko dIkSA svIkAra kiye pA~ca varSa vyatIta ho cuke hoM, jo AcAra, saMyama, pravacana, prajJA, saMgraha tathA upagraha meM kuzala hoM, jinakA cAritrya akhaNDa, azabala - adUSita, abhinna- eka jaisA sAttvika, asaMkliSTa --saMklezarahita ho, jo bahuzruta aura vidvAna hoM, jo kama se kama dazAzrutaskandha, bRhatakalpa, vyavahArasUtra ke vettA hoM, unake lie AcArya aura upAdhyAya kA pada kalpanIya hai, unheM AcArya yA upAdhyAya ke pada para pratiSThita karanA vihita hai / 3 upAdhyAya pada para manonIta kiye jAne yogya zramaNoM kA varNana karate hue batalAyA gayA hai ki jina zramaNoM, nirgranthoM ko dIkSA svIkAra kiye tIna varSa vyatIta ho gaye hoM, jo AcAra, saMyama, pravacana, prajJA, saMgraha tathA upagraha meM kuzala hoM, jinakA cAritra akhaNDa, azabala - adUSita, abhinna- eka jaisA sAtvika, asaMkliSTa - saMklezarahita ho, jo bahuzruta aura vidvAna hoM, jo kama se kama AcArAMga aura nizItha ke vettA hoM, unheM upAdhyAya ke pada pada AsIna karanA kalpanIya hai / 4 1. vyavahAra sUtra uddezaka 3, sUtra, 7 2. zramaNoM ke vihAra ke lie samIcIna kSetra, apekSita upakaraNa, unakI AvazyakatAoM kI yathocita paripUrti | 3. vyavahAra sUtra uddezaka 3, sUtra 5 4. vyavahAra sUtra udde zaka 3, sUtra 3
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________________ jaina zramaNa saMgha : samIkSAtmaka parizIlana uparyukta uddharaNoM meM jo dIkSA-kAla diyA gayA hai, vaha nyUnatama hai / usase kama samaya kA dIkSita zramaNa sAdhAraNataH Upara varNita padoM kA adhikArI nahIM hotA / pada aura dIkSA- kAla ATha varSa, pAMca varSa aura tIna varSa ke dIkSA - kAla ke rUpa meM Upara tIna prakAra ke vikalpa upasthita kiye gaye haiM / anya yogyatAe~ sabakI eka jaisI batalAI gaI haiM / ATha varSa ke dIkSita zramaNa ko AcArya, upAdhyAya, pravartaka, sthavira, gaNI tathA gaNAvacchedaka kA pada diyA jAnA kalpanIya - vihita kahA gayA hai| sAta padoM meM se chaH padoM kA ullekha yahA~ huA hai / gaNadhara kA pada ullikhita nahIM hai / para, bhAvataH use yahA~ antargabhita mAna liyA jAnA cAhie / tAtparya yaha hai ki jisa zramaNa kA dIkSA paryAya ATha varSa kA ho cukA hai aura jisameM yadi dUsarI apekSita yogyatAe~ hoM to vaha sabhI padoM kA adhikArI hai / pA~ca varSa ke dIkSita zramaNa ko, yadi anya yogyatAe~ usameM hoM to AcArya aura upAdhyAya pada kA adhikArI batAyA hai / tIna varSa ke dIkSita zramaNa ko aura yogyatAe~ hone para upAdhyAya pada ke lie anumodita kiyA hai / 145 ina tIna vikalpoM meM se do meM AcArya kA ullekha huA hai aura upAdhyAya kA tInoM meM hI / isakA Azaya yaha hai ki AcArya ke lie kama se kama pA~ca varSa kA dIkSA- kAla honA Avazyaka hai / taba yadi unakA ATha varSa kA dIkSA-kAla ho to aura bhI acchaa| ATha varSa ke dIkSA kAla kI anivAryatA vastutaH pravartaka, sthavira, gaNI tathA gaNAvacchedaka ke pada ke lie hai / pahale vikalpa meM kramaza: sabhI padoM kA ullekha karanA thA ataH AcArya kA bhI samAveza kara diyA gayA / upAdhyAya pada ke lie kama se kama tIna varSa kA dIkSA - kAla anivArya yA ATha varSa kA ho to aura uttama hai / jaisA ki kahA gayA hai, ATha varSa ke AcArya tathA upAdhyAya ke atirikta anya padoM ke lie tathA pAMca varSa ke dIkSA - kAla kI anivAryatA kevala AcArya pada ke lie hai / pahale vikalpa meM sabhI padoM kA aura dUsare vikalpa meM do padoM kA ullekha karanA thA ataH donoM sthAnoM para upAdhyAya kA samAveza kiyA gayA / zruta-yogyatA, AcAra-pravaNatA, ojasvI vyaktitva tathA jIvana ke anubhava - ye cAra mahatvapUrNa tathya haiM, jinakA saMghIya padoM se antaraMga sambandha hai / upAdhyAya kA pada zruta-pradhAna yA sUtra - pradhAna hai| Atma-sAdhanA to jIvana kA avicchinna aMga hai hI, usake atirikta upAdhyAya kA pramukha kArya zramaNoM ko sUtra vAcanA denA hai / yadi koI zramaNa isa ( zrutAtmaka) viSaya meM niSNAta hoM to apane uttaradAyitva kA bhalI-bhA~ti nirvAha karane meM unheM koI kaThinAI nahIM AtI / vyAvahArika jIvana ke anubhava Adi kI vahA~ vizeSa apekSA nahIM rahatI / vahA~ zrIAnanda antha / phira vaha yadi pAMca dIkSA - kAla kI anivAryatA AcArya prava Vo za abhinaMdana
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________________ ENIyArI MIND ALLICIP ApApravara AnApAryapravara abhi zrIAnandAntha5 zrIAnandajanya - - 146 itihAsa aura saMskRti sUtra sambandhI vyApaka adhyayana, pragalbha pANDitya tathA prakRSTa prajJA honI cAhie / ataH yadi tIna varSa ke dIkSita zramaNa meM bhI ye yogyatAe~ hoM to vaha upAdhyAya-pada kA adhikArI ho sakatA hai| AcArya pada ke lie yogyatA kA AdhAra AcAra-kauzala, zAsana-nai puNya, ojasvI vyaktitva, vyavahAra-paTutA, zAstroM kA talasparzI sUkSma jJAna tathA jIvana ke anubhava haiN| inameM anubhava ke atirikta jo vizeSatAeM batalAI gaI haiM, ve kAla-sApekSa kama haiM, kSayopazama yA saMskAra-sApekSa adhika / katipaya vyakti janmajAta prabhAvazIla, ojasvI aura kartavya-kuzala hote haiM tathA katipaya aise hote haiM ki varSoM ke abhyAsa tathA cira prayatna ke bAvajUda isa prakAra kA kucha bhI vaiziSTaya ajita nahIM kara pAte / pratyeka kArya meM puruSArtha aura prayatna to cAhie para taratamatA kI dRSTi se vastutaH ina vizeSatAoM kA sambandha prayatnoM se kama aura saMskAroM se adhika hai| AcArya saskArI aura puNyAtmA hote haiN| unameM ye vizeSatAeM svAbhAvika hotI haiN| para, jIvana kA anubhava bhI caahie| ataH unake lie kama se kama pAMca varSa ke dIkSA-kAla kI anivAryatA batalAI gii| saMskArI evaM pratibhAsampanna vyakti ke lie jIvana ke bahamukhI anubhava ajita karane kI dRSTi se yaha samaya kama nahIM hai| pravartaka, sthavira tathA gaNAvacchedaka ke pada jisa prakAra ke uttaradAyitva se jur3e haiM, unake nirvahaNa ke lie bahuta hI anubhavI vyaktitva kI AvazyakatA hai, jo jIvana ke anukUla-pratikUla, madhura-kaTu, priyaapriya jaise aneka krama dekha cukA ho, parakha cukA ho / anubhava-paripakvatA kI dRSTi se una padoM ke adhikArI hone yogya zramaNa ke lie jo kama se kama ATha varSa kA dIkSAkAla svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, vaha vAstava meM Avazyaka hai| isI prasaMga meM vyavahAra sUtra meM eka vizeSa bAta kahI gaI hai| batAyA gayA hai ki vizeSa paristhiti meM eka dina ke dIkSita zramaNa ko bhI AcArya yA upAdhyAya kA pada diyA jA sakatA hai| yaha bAta vizeSataH niruddha-vAsa-paryAya-zramaNa ko uddiSTa kara kahI gaI hai| niruddha-vAsa-paryAya kA Azaya usa zramaNa se hai, jo pahale zramaNa-jIvana meM thA para durbalatA se usase pRthaka ho gayA / yadyapi aisA vyakti saMyama se girA huA to hotA hai para usake pAsa sAdhu-jIvana kA lambA anubhava rahatA hai| yadi vaha sahI rUpa meM Atmaprerita hokara punaH zrAmaNya apanA letA hai to usake vigata zramaNa-jIvana kA anubhava usake lie, saMgha ke lie kyoM nahIM upayogI hogA / AcArya kA pada atyanta mahatvapUrNa uttaradAyitvoM ko lie hue hotA hai / ataH ukta prakAra ke eka divasIya dIkSita sAdhu meM, jise AcArya yA upAdhyAya kA pada diyA jAnA vihita kahA gayA hai, aura bhI kucha asAdhAraNa vizeSatAeM honI cAhie, jinakA nimnAMkita rUpa meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai--- vaha sthavira aise kula kA ho, jisake prati saMgha kI pratIti ho athavA jo saMgha ke lie dAna, sevA Adi kI bhAvanA ke kAraNa prItikAraka ho, jo stheya ho-prItikara hone ke nAte jo saMgha kI cintA meM pramANabhUta ho, jo saMgha ke lie, sabake lie vaizvAsika-vizvAsa-sthAna ho, sammata ho, kaThinAI yA saMgharSa Adi kI sthiti meM sahayoga karane ke nAte jo saMgha ke lie pramodakAraka ho, jo saMgha ke lie anumata ho
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________________ jaina zramaNa saMgha : samIkSAtmaka parizIlana 147 l athavA zramaNoM ko dAna dene meM jahA~ parivAra ke choTe-bar3e sabhI sadasyoM kI anumati ho--sabhI bhikSA dene ke adhikArI hoM, jo saMgha dvArA bahumata ho-sevAzIlatA, zAlInatA tathA dharma-bhAvanA kI vRtti ke kAraNa jisa kula kA saMgha meM bahumAna ho|' pAraMparika saMskAroM kA manuSya-jIvana para bahuta prabhAva hotA hai| pArivArika aura paitRka saMskAra mAnava ke hRdaya meM kucha aisI dhAraNAe~ aura mAnyatAe~ pratiSThita kara dete haiM ki vaha sahasA hInapatha kA avalambana nahIM kara paataa| usameM sahaja hI dhIraja, dRr3hatA, sthiratA aura udAttatA Adi kucha aisI vizeSatAe~ hotI haiM, jinake kAraNa saMgha kA gurutara uttaradAyitva vaha vahana kara sakatA hai| apanI paitRka pratiSThA, sammAna aura garimA bhI usake mastiSka meM rahatI hai, jo use kisI bhI mahAna kArya meM sAhasa aura nirbhIka bhAva se juTa jAne ko prerita karatI hai| yahI kAraNa hai, yahA~ kula kI mahattA para itanA jora diyA gayA hai| ukta varNana se yaha spaSTa hai ki kula ke jo vizeSaNa Upara diye gaye haiM, unakA sIdhA sambandha zramaNa saMgha se hai| jisa kula se zramaNa saMgha kA itanA naikaTya hai, jisake bacce-bacce ke hRdaya meM zramaNoM ke prati agAdha zraddhA hai, parivAra kA pratyeka sadasya zramaNoM ko bhakti aura Adara ke sAtha sadA dAna dene ko tatparatA rahatA hai, vahA~ eka do kA apavAda ho sakatA hai, para usameM utpanna vyakti sahaja hI saMghIya dAyitvoM ke prati bahuta jAgarUka hogA / paramparA aura saMskAra ke kAraNa use lagabhaga vaha saba prApta hotA hai, jo kAphI samaya pUrva dIkSita sAdhu ko hotA hai / aise niruddha-vAsa-paryAya-zramaNa meM vaha zAsakIya abhijJatA to apekSita hai hI, jo AcArya-pada ke lie vAJchanIya hai| yaha vizeSa paristhiti bhI, kabhI-kabhI taba banatI hai jaba apanA uttarAdhikArI manonIta karane kA avasara pAye binA hI AcArya acAnaka kAla-dharma ko prApta ho jAte haiM / samagra saMgha ke purAne zramaNasadasyoM meM koI aisA vyakti na dIkha par3e, jo AcArya yA upAdhyAya ke uttaradAyitva ko samhAlane meM sakSama lage, taba saMyogavaza koI aisA vyakti dRSTi meM Ae, jo parama yogya pratIta hotA ho, para jisakA dIkSA-paryAya kevala eka hI dina kA ho to use padAsIna kiyA jA sakatA hai| sAmAnyatayA aisA hotA nahIM, para vizeSa sthiti meM aisA saMyoga bana jAe to vahA~ karaNIyatA kA jo AdhAra honA cAhie, use uparyukta rUpa meM saMketita kiyA hai| vyavahAra-sUtra meM eka aura aisI hI vizeSa paristhiti ke sandarbha meM kahA gayA hai, yadi acAnaka AcArya kAla-dharma ko prApta kara jAeM aura taba taka uttaravartI AcArya yA upAdhyAya kA manonayana na kiyA jA sakA ho aura saMyogavaza sAmane eka aisA (niruddha-vAsa-paryAya) zramaNa ho, jo yadyapi sabhI apekSAoM se AcAryatva ke anurUpa ho para jisakI dIkSA paryAya kevala eka divasIya ho, jo bahuzruta na ho, parantu jo samuccaya rUpa meM AcArAMga tathA nizItha kA kucha hI bhAga par3hA ho, parantu avaziSTa bhAga par3ha 1. vyavahAra sUtra, uddezaka 3, sUtra 6 / ARM A nsadhanAGARMADARAMBAwariAGARicordarAJIJABRJAAAAAAAAAAJAINAASAIRAMSARNAM Amwani bhAgAra pravAsa abhiyApAryapravara abhi zrIAnanda anyazrIAnanda AbhAra
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________________ d qymt mqql``H `lmdfr`wd `n mw`y`ny hm bh hftmTmTmT`fy khh dr mthmr m` m``r`r `r`r `r`r `lty mn`h m`hmy``````hn AcAryapravabhinaAcAryapravaraabhilA zrIAnanda anya zrIAnanda an Yoravivariwaveviv e 148 itihAsa aura saMskRti lene kA nizcaya vyakta kare, vaha AcArya yA upAdhyAya ke pada ke lie kalpanIya hai-use ye pada sauMpe jA sakate haiN| parantu apane nizcaya ke anurUpa yadi vaha ukta aMza par3ha nahIM pAe to ina padoM kA adhikArI nahIM raha sktaa| zramaNa-caryA zramaNa jIvanocita AcAra ko sUkSmatA se jAnane-samajhane tathA pAlane ke lie AcArAMga aura nizItha ko AtmasAt karanA pratyeka zramaNa ke lie bahuta Avazyaka hai| AcArya svayaM AcAra ke jIvita pratIka hote haiM, antevAsiyoM ko AcAra-pAlanArtha utprerita karate haiN| svayaM AcAra pAlanA, auroM se pAlana karavAnA yaha AcArya ke kartavyoM meM se mukhya kartavya hai / ataeva zramaNa-AcAra kA svarUpa aura sAra batAne vAle vAGamaya ko AtmasAt karanA AcArya ke lie parama Avazyaka hai| dUsare zabdoM meM yaha anivArya karaNIyatA hai / vyavahAra-sUtra ke ukta vivecana kA iMgita isI ora hai| jaina dharma meM AcAra kA sarvocca sthAna hai| kitanA hI bar3A jJAnI kyoM na ho, AcAra ke binA usakA jJAna sArthaka nahIM hai / use bhAra se adhika kyA kaheM, AcArya, upAdhyAya Adi mahattvapUrNa padoM para Ane kI pahalI yogyatA nirmala AcaraNa hai / vartamAna meM to AcAra pUrNatayA parizuddha aura ujjvala honA hI cAhie, jIvana ke pichale bhAga meM bhI usameM pavitratA rahI ho, yaha apekSita hai| ataeva isa prasaMga meM vyavahAra sUtra meM yahA~ taka nirdeza hai ki zramaNa ke rUpa meM rahate hue yadi kisI ne vyabhicAra kA sevana kara liyA aura sAdhu-jIvana se pRthak ho gayA, phira punaH prAyazcitta Adi kara vaha zramaNa-jIvana meM A gayA, aisA vyakti jIvana meM kabhI bhI AcArya, upAdhyAya, pravartaka, sthavira, gaNI tathA gaNAvacchedaka ke pada para Ane kA adhikArI nahIM hai| use yAvajjIvana kabhI inameM se kisI bhI pada para pratiSThita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kyoMki zramaNa ke veSa meM rahate hue vyabhicAra sevana kara vaha apane zrAmaNya kI pavitratA aura ujjvalatA para eka aisA dhabbA lagA detA hai, jo atyanta duSaNIya hai| aise vyakti ko AcArya Adi padoM para manonIta kara dene se dharma-zAsana kI avahelanA hotI hai, usase logoM kI AsthA haTatI hai| jisa prakAra sAdhu ke lie abrahmacarya-sevana atyanta jaghanya kArya hai. usI prakAra asatya, pravaMcanA evaM chala bhI usake lie sarvathA pariheya hai| vyavahAra sUtra meM isa pahalU ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo bhikSu bahuzruta ho, utkRSTatayA daza pUrva taka ke jJAna kA saMvAhaka ho, parama vidvAn ho, para kinhIM anivArya kAraNoM ke upasthita hone para bhI yadi vaha mAyA kA AcaraNa karatA hai, mRSAvAda kA prayoga karatA hai, utsUtra ko prarUpaNA karatA hai tathA pApopajIvI hotA hai arthAt pApapUrNa jIvikA kA Azraya letA hai, vaha jIvana bhara ke lie AcArya, upAdhyAya, pravartaka, sthavira, gaNI yA gaNAvacchedaka pada kA pAtra nahIM ho sktaa| 1. vyavahAra sUtra, uddezaka 3, sUtra 10 2. vyavahAra sUtra, uddezaka 3, sUtra 13 3. vyavahAra sUtra, uddezaka 3, sUtra 26
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________________ jaina zramaNa saMgha : samIkSAtmaka parizIlana 146 zramaNa kA jIvana vastuta: kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika zuddhi kA jIvana hai| yadi usameM karma aura vacana kI pavitratA na rahe to vaha zobhita nahIM hotA / jo zramaNa ukta pravRttiyoM dvArA dUSita banatA jAtA hai, usakI sAkha bigar3a jAtI hai| vaha kitanA hI bar3A paNDita aura jJAnI kyoM na ho, vastutaH usake dvArA dharma yA saMgha kA yathArtha utkarSa sadhatA nahIM, apitu apakarSa hotA hai / ataeva aise vyakti ko AcArya, upAdhyAya Adi kisI bhI pada ke lie yogya nahIM mAnA gyaa| saMgha meM AcArya kA sthAna apratima garimAmaya hai| usakI mahattA aura pavitratA sadA avyAhata rahe, isI ora jaina paramparA meM sadaiva jAgarUkatA baratI jAtI rahI hai| vyavahAra-sUtra meM isa sambandha meM eka sthAna para bar3A mArmika vivecana milatA hai| kahA gayA hai ki saMyogavaza koI AcArya-upAdhyAya atyanta rugNa hoM, unako apanI mRtyu sannikaTa lage aura taba taka ve apane uttarAdhikArI kA manonayana na kara sake hoM, to ve una sAdhuoM ko jo unake pAsa hoM, kaheM ki unakA AyuSya pUrNa hone para amuka sAdhu jo isa pada ke yogya hai, ko pada-pratiSThita kara dIjiyegA / yahA~ AcArya aura upAdhyAya ina donoM nAmoM kA jo ullekha hai, usakA Azaya aise AcArya se pratIta hotA hai, jinake pAsa AcArya pada ke sAtha-sAtha upAdhyAya pada bhI ho / astu saMyogavaza AcArya kAladharma ko prApta ho jAte haiN| jina zramaNoM ko unakA iMgita kiyA huA hotA hai, ve AcArya dvArA nirdiSTa zramaNa kI parIkSA kreN| unheM lage ki vaha vyakti pada kI garimA ko vahana karane meM sakSama hai, pada ke uttaradAyitvoM ko bhalIbhAMti samhAla sakegA to use ukta pada para adhiSThita kreN| yadi aisA lage ki usameM pada-nirvAha kI yogyatA nahIM hai to aise kisI dUsare vyakti kA manonayana kareM, jo usake yogya pratIta ho / sAtha hI sAtha isameM eka vikalpa aura hai / jo dUsarA yogya pratIta ho, usako yadi AcArAMga aura nizItha kA adhyayana na ho to unheM (zramaNoM ko) cAhie ki jaba taka vaha zramaNa AcArAMga aura nizItha kA adhyayana na kara le, taba taka ke lie ve usa vyakti ko pada deM, jisake lie divaMgata AcArya nirdeza kara gaye hoN| para usako ve yaha batalA deM ki jaba taka ukta (dUsarA) zramaNa adhyayana na kara le, taba taka ke lie vaha usa pada kA adhikArI hai| dUsare zramaNa ke adhyayana kara cukane para pada use sauMpa denA hogaa| tadanantara jaba vaha dUsarA zramaNa par3ha kara yogya ho jAye, taba ve asthAyI rUpa se AcArya-pada para adhiSThita kiye gaye vyakti se vaha pada pUrvanizcayAnusAra use sauMpa dene ke lie kheN| isa para yadi padAsIna zramaNa pada na chor3e to saMgha ke zramaNoM ko cAhie ki ve khullamakhullA usase pada chor3ane ke lie kaheM, usa para jora DAleM ki vaha pada kA vAstavika adhikArI nahIM hai| yoM suna kara yadi AcArya-padAsIna vyakti apanA pada visajita kara de to use koI prAyazcitta nahIM AtA / yadi pada kA visarjana na kare to vaha prAyazcitta kA bhAgI hotA hai| jaina paramparA meM AcArya dvArA uttarAdhikArI manonIta kiye jAne ke rUpa meM ekatantrIya zAsana praNAlI kI pradhAnatA thI para usameM ekAntikatA yA niraMkuzatA nahIM thI / jahA~ AcArya kA nirNaya sarvopari hotA thA, vahA~ usa para cintana karane kI bhI gujAyaza thii| sAmaSTika rUpa meM viveka kI kasauTI para kase 1. vyavahAra sUtra, uddezaka, 4 sUtra 13 JaimitramaniaNamaraGORONOR sAcAsatrAcAyanazAnA prAAvada anAAnA MARAMAvanamamaMeSaarenmonweammeMMAvor
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________________ ENT zrIAnanda an zrIAnanda anya5: pra abhivApAryapravara abhi 150 itihAsa aura saMskRti jAne para yadi usameM parivartana karanA Avazyaka hotA to zramaNa-samudAya vaisA karanA anucita nahIM mAnatA, vaisA karatA, para aisI sthitiyA~ kadAcitka hotIM, bahuta kama AtI kyoMki AcArya niHsvArtha aura nirmohabhAva se nirNaya lete the / usameM apavAda bahuta kama hotaa| jaisA ki pahale vivecana huA hai, yaha eka aisI svastha ekatantrIya paramparA thI, jisameM adhinAyaka ke prati samagra zraddhA aura vizvAsa ke bAvajUda nirlepa aura unmukta cintana ke lie nirbAdha sthAna thaa| isI kA yaha pariNAma rahA ki jaina saMghIya vyavasthA meM saMkIrNa svArthaparatA aura hInatA nahIM Ane pAI / yadyapi samaya-samaya para aneka prakAra ke parivartana to Aye para ve maulika rUpa para AghAta karane vAle nahIM bane / jaina zramaNa saMgha ke do bhAga the-zramaNa-samUha aura zramaNI-samUha / maulika niyama donoM ke lie eka se the, vyavasthA-krama bhI donoM ke lie samAna rUpa se lAgU thA / para, zramaNIvRnda kI dainandina vyavasthA kI samIcInatA ke lie unameM bhI pravatinI, sthavirA tathA gaNAvacchedikA ke pada nirdhArita the / samalaigikatA ke nAte zramaNiyoM kI vyavasthA meM isase apekSAkRta adhika suvidhA rahatI hai / isake atirikta zramaNoM aura zramaNiyoM ke ati samparka kA avasara bhI, jo avAJchanIya hai, isase nahIM bntaa|