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________________ jaina saptabhaGgI : Adhunika tarkazAstra ke sandarbha meM bhikhArI rAma yAdava hamArI bhASA vidhi' aura 'niSedha' se AveSTita hai / hamAre sabhI prakathana 'hai' aura 'nahIM hai' ina do hI prArUpoM meM abhivyakta hote haiN| bhASAzAstra prakathana ke 'vidhi' aura 'niSedha' ina do hI mAnadaNDoM ko apanAtA hai| kintu jainadarzana 'vidhi' 'niSedha' ke atirikta eka tIsare vikalpa ko bhI mAnatA hai, jise avaktavya kahate haiN| jainadarzana kI avadhAraNA hai ki vastue~ anantadharmAtmaka haiN| pratyeka vastu sat-asat, nitya-anitya, eka-aneka Adi viruddha dharmoM kA puMja hai| ina paraspara viruddha dharmoM kA yugapat pratipAdana 'vidhi' aura 'niSedha' rUpoM se asambhava hai, kyoMki bhASA meM aisA koI kriyApada nahIM hai, jo vastu ke kinhIM do dharmoM kA yugapat pratipAdana kara sake / isIlie jainadarzana meM eka tIsare vikalpa kI kalpanA kI gayI hai, jise 'avaktavya' kahA jAtA hai| isa prakAra syAdasti (vidhi), syAnnAsti (niSedha) aura syAt avaktavya (avAcya)-ye jaina darzana ke tIna maulika bhaMga haiN| inhIM tIna mUlabhUta bhaGgoM se jainadarzana meM cAra yaugika bhaGga taiyAra kiye gaye haiN| tIna mUla aura cAra yaugika bhaGgoM ko milAne se saptabhaGgI banatI hai, jo nimna haiM 1. syAt asti| 2. syAt nAsti / 3. syAt asti ca nAsti / 4. syAt avaktavya 5. syAt asti ca avaktavya / 6. syAt nAsti ca avaktavya / 7. syAt asti ca nAsti ca avaktavya / aba prazna yaha hai ki kyA saptabhaGgI ke ye sAtoM bhaGga tarkataH satya haiM ? kyA inakI satyatA, asatyatA jaisI do hI koTiyA~ ho sakatI haiM, jaisA ki sAmAnya tarkazAstra mAnatA hai ? kyA ye tArkika prArUpa (Logical Form) haiM ? kyA ina bhaGgoM kA mUlyAMkana saMbhava hai ? Adi / kintu itanA to nirvirodha satya hai ki jaina-saptabhaGgI eka tArkika prArUpa hai| usake pratyeka bhaGga meM kucha na-kucha mUlyavattA hai / isalie saptabhaGgI kI Adhunika bahumUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra ke pariprekSya meM vivecanA Avazyaka hai| sarvaprathama, saptabhaGgI dvi-mUlyAtmaka (Two-valued) nahIM hai| isalie isakA vivecana dvi-malyIya tarkazAstra (Two-valued Logic) ke AdhAra para karanA asaMbhava hai; kyoMki dvi-mUlyIya tarkazAstra satya aura asatya (Truth and False) aise do satyatA mUlyoM para calatA hai| jabaki jaina-saptabhaMgI meM asatyatA (Falsity) kI kalpanA nahIM hai, yadyapi usake pratyeka bhaGga meM AMzika satyatA hai, kintu usakA koI bhI bhaGga pUrNataH asatya nahIM hai / dUsare, dvi-mUlyIya tarkazAstra ke donoM mAnadaNDa nirapekSa haiM, kintu jaina tarkazAstra isa dhAraNA ke viparIta hai arthAt jaina tarkazAstra ke anusAra jo
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________________ jaina saptamajI : Adhunika tarkazAstra ke sandarbha meM 21 bhI kathana nirapekSa hogA, vaha asatya ho jAyegA / isIlie jaina tarkazAstra kevala sApekSa kathana ko hI satya mAnatA hai| vastutaH saptabhaGgI ke pratyeka bhaGga sApekSa haiM, isalie saptabhaGgI meM jo bhI mUlyavattA nirdhArita hogI, vaha sApekSa hogii| ___isa prakAra saptabhaGgI dvimUlyAtmaka nahIM hai| kintu kyA vaha tri-mUlyAtmaka hai ? aisA kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM lagatA ki saptabhaGgI tri-mUlyAtmaka (Three Valued) hai / Adhunika tri-mUlyIya tarkazAstra se usakI kisI prakAra tulanA ThIka nahIM baiThatI hai / tri-mUlyIya tarkazAstra meM kula tIna mAnadaNDoM kI kalpanA kI gayI hai-satya, satya-asatya (saMdigdha) aura asatya / satya vaha jo pUrNataH satya hai, kathamapi asatya nahIM ho sakatA hai| asatya vaha jo pUrNataH asatya hai, jo kisI prakAra bhI satya nahIM ho sakatA hai, aura saMdigdha vaha jo satya bhI ho sakatA hai aura asatya bhii| kintu vaha eka sAtha donoM nahIM hai| vaha eka bAra meM eka hI hai arthAt vaha yA to satya hai yA asatya hai| kintu usakA abhI nirNaya nahIM ho pAyA hai| isI saMdigdhatA kI tulanA avaktavya bhaGga se karake kucha vidvAn jaina saptabhaGgI ko tri-mUlyAtmaka siddha karate haiN| kintu yaha bhUla jAte haiM ki avaktavya kI saMdigdhatA se koI tulanA hI nahIM hai / avaktavya meM astitva aura nAstitva donoM hI eka sAtha haiM, kintu unakA prakaTIkaraNa asambhava hai| jabaki saMdigdhatA meM donoM nahIM haiN| usameM to eka hI hai, vaha yA to satya hai yA asatya hai aura use prakaTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| dUsare vaha saMdeha yA saMbhAvanA para nirbhara hai, jabaki avaktavya pUrNataH satya hai| usameM saMdeha yA saMbhAvanA kA lezamAtra bhI samAveza nahIM hai| tIsare dvi-mUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra meM eka tIsare mUlya asatyatA (0) kI kalpanA hai, jo jaina saptabhaMgI ke viparIta hai| isakA vivecana abhI hamane Upara kiyA hai, sAtha hI hamane yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA ki saptabhaMgI meM sApekSa mUlya kA hI nirdhAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, nirapekSa kA nhiiN| parantu tri-mUlyAtmaka tarkazAstra nirapekSa mUlyoM para hI nirbhara karatA hai| isa prakAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina saptabhaGgI tri-mUlyAtmaka nahIM hai| kintu mUla prazna yaha hai ki kyA ise saptamUlyAtmaka yA bahumUlyAtmaka kahA jA sakatA hai ? yadyapi Adhunika tarkazAstra meM abhI taka koI bhI aisA Adarza siddhAnta vikasita nahIM huA hai, jo kathana kI saptamUlyAtmakatA ko prakAzita kare / parantu jaina AcAryoM ne saptabhaGgI ke sabhI bhaGgoM ko eka dUsare se svatantra aura navIna tathyoM kA prakAzaka mAnA hai| saptabhaGgI kA pratyeka bhaGga vastu-svarUpa ke sambandha meM navIna tathyoM kA prakAzana karatA hai| isalie usake pratyeka bhaGga kA apanA svatantra sthAna aura svatantra mUlya hai / vastutaH pratyeka bhaGga ke arthodbhAvana meM isa vilakSaNatA ke AdhAra para hI saptabhaGgI ko saptamUlyAtmaka kahanA sArthaka ho sakatA hai| isa saMdarbha meM jaina-dArzanikoM ke dRSTikoNa para gaMbhIratA pUrvaka vicAra karanA apekSita hai| __jaina AcAryoM ne saptabhaGgI ke pratyeka bhaGga ko pRthak-pRthak dRSTikoNa para AdhArita aura navIna tathyoM kA udbhAvaka mAnA hai| saptabhaGgItaraMginI meM isa vicAra para vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai / vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki prathama bhaGga meM mukhya rUpa se sattA ke satva dharma kI pratIti hotI hai aura dvitIya bhaGga meM asatva kI pramukhatApUrvaka pratIti hotI hai| tRtIya 'syAdasti ca nAsti' bhaMga meM satva, asatva ko sahayojita kintu krama se pratIti hotI hai, kyoMki pratyeka vastu meM eka dRSTi se satva dharmahai, to apara dRSTi se asatva dharma bhI hai| caturtha avaktavya bhaGga meM satva-asatva dharma kI sahayojita
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________________ 22 bhikhArI rAma yAdava kintu akrama arthAt yugapat bhAva se pratIti hotI hai| paJcama bhaMga meM satva dharma sahita avaktavyatva kI, SaSTha bhaMga meM asatva dharma sahita avaktavyatva kI aura sapta bhaMga meM krama se yojita satvaasatva sahita avaktavyatva dharma kI pratIti pradhAnatA se hotI hai / isa taraha pratyeka bhaMga ko bhinnabhinna dRSTi-bindu vAlA samajhanA caahie|' isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki saptabhaMgI ke pratyeka bhaGga meM bhinna-bhinna tathyoM kI pradhAnatA hai / pratyeka bhaGga vastu ke bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNa ko abhivyakta karatA hai| isalie saptabhaGgI ke sAtoM bhaGga eka dUsare se svatantra haiM, kintu isase yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki saptabhaGgI ke pratyeka kathana pUrNataH nirapekSa haiM / ve sabhI sApekSa hone se eka dUsare se sambandhita bhI haiN| aisA mAnanA caahie| kintu jahA~ taka unake paraspara bhinna hone kI bAta hai, vahA~ taka to ve apane-apane uddezyoM ko lekara hI paraspara bhinna haiM / isa prakAra saptabhaGgI kA pratyeka kathana paraspara sApekSa hote hue bhI paraspara bhinna hai| isalie pratyeka bhaGga kA apanA alaga-alaga mUlya ( Value ) hai / aba yahA~ saMkSepa meM 'mUlya' ( Value) zabda ko bhI spaSTa kara denA Avazyaka hai| Adhunika tarkazAstra meM sabhI phalanAtmaka kriyAe~ (Funtional Activities ) satyatA mUlyoM ( Truth Values ) para hI nirbhara karatI haiN| Adhunika tarkazAstra ke sabhI phalana ( Function ) prakathana ( Proposition ) kI satyatA-asatyatA kA nirdhAraNa karate haiN| Adhunika tarkazAstra yaha mAnatA hai ki prakathana jo kisI vastu yA tathya ke viSaya meM hai, vaha yA to satya hai athavA asatya / sAmAnya tarkazAstra mUla rUpa se inhIM do koTiyoM ko mAnatA hai| kintu Adhunika tarkazAstra ke anusAra satya-asatya kI bhI aneka koTiyA~ ho sakatI haiM, jinheM bhinna-bhinna satyatA mUlyoM se sambodhita kiyA jAtA hai| Adhunika tarkazAstra meM unhIM mUlyoM kI satyatA mUlya ( Truth Value) karate haiM, jisa prakathana ke satya hone kI jitanI adhika saMbhAvanA hotI hai, usakA utanA hI adhika satyatA mUlya hotA hai| jaise yadi koI tarkavAkya ( prakathana ) pUrNataH satya hai, to usakA satyatA mUlya pUrNa hogA / use Adhunika tarkazAstra meM satya ( True ) yA '1' se sambodhita karate haiM aura jo pUrNataH asatya hai, use asatya (False) athavA '0' se sUcita kiyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra jo saMbhAvita satya hai, use usako saMbhAvanA ke AdhAra para 1/2, 1/3, 1/4 Adi saMkhyAoM yA saMdigdha pada se athavA kisI mADala se abhivyakta kiyA jAtA hai / isa prakAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki takavAkya meM nihita satya kI saMbhAvanA ko satyatA-mUlya kahate haiM / yadyapi asatyatA ( Falsity ) bhI mUlyavattA se pare nahIM hai| asatyatA bhI satyatA ( Truth ) kI hI eka koTi hai / jaba satyatA ghaTa kara zUnya ho jAtI hai, taba vahA~ asatyatA kA udbhAvana hotA hai| vastutaH asatyatA ko satyatA kI antima kar3I kahanA cAhie / isa asatyatA aura satyatA (jo ki satyatA kI pUrNa evaM antima koTi hai) ke bIca jo satya kI saMbhAvanA hotI hai, usako saMbhAvita satya kahate haiN| isa prakAra satya, asatya Adi vibhinna AyAma haiN| yahA~ hameM dekhanA yahI hai ki saptabhaGgI meM isa taraha kA satyatA mUlya prApta hotA hai athavA nhiiN| __ saMbhAvyatA tarkazAstra meM eka aisA siddhAnta hai, jisameM saptabhaGgI jaisI prakriyA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| usameM A, B aura C tIna svatantra ghaTanAoM ke AdhAra para cAra sAMyogika ghaTanAoM 1. saptabhaMgItaraMgiNI, pR0 9 /
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________________ jaina saptabhaGgI : Adhunika tarkazAstra ke sandarbha meM 23 kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra saptabhaGgI meM asti, nAsti aura avaktavya ke saMyoga se cAra yaugika bhaMga prApta kiye gaye haiM, usI prakAra saMbhAvyatA tarkazAstra meM A, B aura C tIna svatantra ghaTanAoM se cAra yugma ghaTanAoM ko prApta kiyA gayA hai, jo isa prakAra hai P (AB) = P (A). P (B) P (AC ) = P (A). P (C) P ( B C ) = P (B). P (C) P (ABC ) = P (A) P (B). P (C) yahA~ P = saMbhAvya aura A, B aura C tIna svatantra ghaTanAyeM haiM / yadyapi sapta bhaGgI ke sabhI bhaGga na to svatantra ghaTanAyeM haiM aura na saptabhaMgI kA 'syAt' pada saMbhAvya hI hai, tathApi saptabhaMgI ke sAtha uparyukta siddhAnta kI AkArika samAnatA hai| isalie yadi ukta siddhAnta se 'AkAra' grahaNa kiyA jAya to saptabhaGgI kA prArUpa hUbahU vaisA hI banegA jaisA ki uparyukta siddhAnta kA hai / yadi saptabhaGgI ke mUlabhUta bhaGgoM, syAdasti, syAnnAsti aura syAdavaktavya ko kramaza: A, B aura -- C tathA parimANaka rUpa 'syAt ' pada ko P aura ca ko DATa (.) se pradarzita kiyA jAya, to saptabhaGgI ke zeSa cAra bhaGgoM kA prArUpa nimnavat hogA --- syAdasti ca nAsti = P ( A. B ) = P (A). P ( -- B) syAdasti ca avaktavya = P (A. - C ) = P (A). P (C) syAnnAsti ca avaktavya = ( P - B - C ) = P (-- B). P (C) syAdasti ca nAsti ca avaktavya = P (A. - B. C) = P (A)* isa prakAra sampUrNa saptabhaGgI kA pratIkAtmaka rUpa isa prakAra hogA (1) syAdasti = P (A) (2) syAnnAsti = P ( -- B) (3) syAdasti ca nAsti = P ( A - B ) (4) syAt avaktavya = P (C) (5) syAdasti ca avaktavya = P (A. - C) P(--B). P (--C) (6) syAnnAsti ca avaktavya - P (B-C ) (7) syAdasti ca nAsti ca avaktavya = P (A. B. --C) prastuta vivaraNa meM A svacatuSTaya, B paracatuSTaya aura C vaktavyatA ke sUcaka haiM, B aura C kA niSedha ( - ) vastu meM paracatuSTaya evaM yugapat vyaktavyatA kA niSedha karatA hai| jaina tarkazAstra kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki jisa taraha vastu meM bhAvAtmaka dharma rahate haiM, usI taraha vastu meM abhAvAtmaka dharma bhI rahate haiM / vastu meM jo satva dharmaM haiM, ve bhAva rUpa haiM aura jo asatva dharma haiM, ve abhAva rUpa haiM / isI bhAva rUpa dharma ko vidhi arthAt astitva aura abhAva rUpa dharma ko pratiSedha arthAt nAstitva kahate haiM sadasadAtmakasya vastuno yaH sadazaH - bhAvarUpaH sa vidhirityarthaH / sadasadAtmakasya vastuno yo'sadaMzaH abhAvarUpaH sa pratiSedha iti / ( pramANanayatattvAloka, 3/56-57 )
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________________ / 24 bhikhArI rAma yAdava vastutaH ye astitva aura nAstitva eka hI vastu ke bhinna-bhinna dharma haiM, jo abinAbhAva se pratyeka vastu meM vidyamAna rahate haiN| kahA bho gayA hai astitvaM pratiSedhyenAvinAbhAvyekarmiNi / vizeSaNatvAt sAdharmya yathA bhedavivakSayA // . nAstitvaM pratiSedhyenAvinAbhAvyekarmiNi / / vizeSaNatvAdvaidhayaM yathA'bhedavivakSayA // -AptamImAMsA, 1117-18 // arthAt vastu kA jo astitva dharma hai, usakA abinAbhAvI nAstitva dharma hai / isI prakAra vastu kA jo nAstitva dharma hai, usakA abinAbhAvI astitva dharma hai / isa prakAra astitva ke binA nAstitva aura nAstitva ke binA astitva kI koI sattA hI nahIM hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki astitva aura nAstitva do aise dharma haiM, jo pratyeka vastu meM abinAbhAva se vidyamAna rahate haiN| saptabhaGgI ke astitva aura nAstitva rUpa donoM bhaGgoM meM inhIM dharmoM kA mukhyatA aura gauNatA se vivecana kiyA jAtA hai| ye donoM eka dUsare ke virodhI yA niSedhaka nahIM haiM / astitva dharma dUsare, to nAstitva dharma dUsare haiN| isIlie inameM avirodha siddha hotA hai| syAdvAdamaJjarI meM (pR0 226 ) meM kahA gayA hai, "jisa prakAra svarUpAdi se astitva dharma kA sadbhAva anubhava siddha hai, usI prakAra pararUpAdi ke abhAva se nAstitva dharma kA sadbhAva bhI anubhava siddha hai| vastu kA sarvathA astitva arthAt svarUpa aura pararUpa se astitva-usakA svarUpa nahIM hai, kyoMki jisa prakAra svarUpa se astitva vastu kA dharma hotA hai, usI prakAra pararUpa se bhI astitva vastu kA dharma nahIM bana jaavegaa| vastu kA sarvathA nAstitva arthAt svarUpa aura pararUpa se nAstitva bhI usakA svarUpa nahIM hai; kyoMki jisa prakAra pararUpa se nAstitva vastu kA dharma hotA hai, usI prakAra svarUpa se bhI nAstitva vastu kA dharma nahIM bana jAvegA / isalie astitva aura nAstitva donoM hI dharmoM se yukta rahanA vastu kA svabhAva yA svarUpa hai arthAt vastu meM svacatuSTaya kA bhAva aura paracatuSTaya kA abhAva hotA hai| ataH ina dharmoM ko eka dUsare kA niSedhaka yA vyAghAtaka ( kAnTrADikTarI ) nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| kintu jaba ina bhAvAtmaka aura abhAvAtmaka dharmoM ke kahane kI bAta AtI hai, taba hama svacatuSTaya rUpa vastu ke bhAvAtmaka guNa dharmoM ko eka zabda 'syAdasti' se kaha dete haiM aura jaba paracatuSTaya rUpa vastu ke abhAvAtmaka guNa-dharmoM ko kahane kI bAta A jAtI hai, taba unheM 'syAnnAsti' zabda se sambodhita karate haiN| kintu jaba unhIM dharmoM ko eka sAtha ( yugapad rUpa se ) kahanA hotA hai, taba unheM avaktavya hI kahanA par3atA hai / vastutaH asti, nAsti aura avaktavya ye hI saptabhaGgI ke tIna mUla bhaMga haiN| aba vastu meM svacatuSTaya rUpa bhAvAtmaka dharmoM ko A, paracatuSTaya rUpa dharmoM ko B aura unake abhAva ko-B tathA svacatuSTaya aura paracatuSTaya rUpa bhAvAtmaka dharmoM ko yugapat rUpa se kahane meM bhASA kI asamarthatA arthAt avaktavyatA ko -C se pradarzita kareM aura syAt pada ko P se darzAyeM, to tInoM mUla bhaGgoM kA pratIkAtmaka rUpa isa prakAra hogA
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________________ 25 jaina saptabhaGgI : Adhunika tarkazAstra ke sandarbha meM syAdasti = P (A) syAnnAsti = P ( -B) syAdavaktavya = P(-c) isa prakAra prathama bhaGga meM svacatuSTaya kA sadbhAva hone se use bhAvAtmaka rUpa meM A kahA gayA hai| dUsare bhaGga meM paracatuSTaya kA niSedha hone se abhAvAtmaka rUpa meM -B kahA gayA gayA hai aura tIsare mUla bhaGga meM vaktavyatA kA niSedha hone se -C kahA gayA hai / isa prakAra saptabhaGga ke pratIkIkaraNa ke isa prayAsa kA artha usake mUla artha ke nikaTa baiThatA hai| aba vicAraNIya viSaya yaha hai ki syAnnAsti bhaGga kA vAstavika prArUpa kyA hai ? kucha takavidoM ne use niSedhAtmaka batAyA hai to kucha dArzanikoM ne svIkArAtmaka mAnA hai aura kisI-kisI ne to dvidhA niSedha se pradarzita kiyA hai| isa sandarbha meM DA0 sAgaramala jaina ke dvArA pradatta nAstibhaGga kA pratIkAtmaka prArUpa draSTavya hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki nAstibhaMga ke nimnalikhita cAra prArUpa banate haiM (1) a, u, vi, nahIM hai| (2) a* u,-vi, hai / ( 3 ) a*2 u,-vi nahIM hai ( yaha dvidhA niSedha rUpa hai ) / (4) a20 u, nahIM hai| inameM bhI mukhya rUpa se do hI prArUpoM ko mAnA jA sakatA hai-eka vaha hai, jisameM syAt pada cara hai| jisake kAraNa apekSA badalatI rahatI hai| yadi cara rUpa syAt pada ko P', P2 Adi se darzAyA jAye, to asti aura nAsti bhaMga kA nimnalikhita rUpa banegA (1) syAdasti = P (A) (2) syAnnAsti = P (-A) ise nimnalikhita dRSTAnta se acchI taraha samajhA jA sakatA hai-syAt AtmA nitya hai (prathama bhaMga ) aura syAt AtmA nitya nahIM hai ( dvitIya bhaMga ), ina donoM kathanoM meM apekSA badalatI gaI hai| jahA~ prathama bhaMga meM dravyatva dRSTi se AtmA ko nitya kahA gayA hai, vahIM dUsare bhaMga meM paryAya dRSTi se use anitya ( nitya nahIM ) kahA gayA hai / ina donoM hI vAkyoM kA svarUpa yathArtha hai. kyoMki AtmA dravyadRSTi se nitya hai, to paryAya dRSTi se anitya bhI hai| vastutaH yahA~ dvitIya bhaMga kA prArUpa niSedha rUpa hogA / aba yadi ukta donoM bhaMgoM ko mUla bhaMga mAnA jAye aura avaktavya ko-C se darzAyA jAye, to saptabhaMgI kA pratIkAtmaka prArUpa nimnalikhita rUpa se taiyAra hogA (1) syAdasti = P (A) (2) syAnnAsti = P" (-A) (3) syAdasti ca nAsti = Pdeg (A -A) (4) syAdavaktavya = P* (-c) (5) syAdasti ca avaktavyam = P (A-c) (6) syAnnAsti ca avaktavyam = Pdeg (-A.-c) (7) syAdasti ca nAsti ca avaktavyam = P' (A-A-C)
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________________ bhikhArI rAma yAdava bhaGgoM se aba prazna yaha hai ki avaktavya ko -C se kyoM pradarzita kiyA gayA hai ? isa prazna kA uttara hai ki avaktavya vaktavya pada kA niSedhaka hai| pAzcAtya tarkazAstra meM kisI niSedha pada ko vidhAyaka pratIka se darzAne kA vidhAna nahIM hai| vahA~ pahale vidhAyaka pada ko vidhAyaka pada se darzAkara niSedhAtmaka bodha hetu usa vidhAyaka pada kA niSedha kiyA jAtA hai| isalie pahale vaktavya pada hetu pratIka prastuta kara avaktavya ke bodha ke lie usa C kA niSedha arthAt -C kiyA gayA hai| aba yadi yaha kahA jAye ki aisA mAnane para saptabhaGI-saptabhaGI nahIM balki aSTabhaGI bana jAyegA. to aisI bAta mAnya nahIM ho sakatI kyoMki jaina tarkazAstra meM saptabhaGgI kI hI parikalpanA hai, aSTabhar3I kI nahIM; aura vaktavya rUpa bhaMga saptabhaGgI meM isalie bhI svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki avaktavya ke atirikta zeSa bhaGga to vaktavya hI haiM arthAt vaktavyatA kA hotA hai| isalie vaktavya bhaGgako svatantra rUpa se svIkArA nahIM jA sakatA hai| vaha to prathama asti, dvitIya nAsti aura tRtIya krama bhAvI asti-nAsti ke rUpa meM upasthita hI hai| dUsare dRSTikoNa ke anusAra 'syAt' pada acara hai| usake artha arthAt bhAva meM kabhI bhI parivartana nahIM hotA hai / vaha pratyeka bhaMga ke sAtha eka hI artha meM prastuta hai| isa prakAra isa dRSTikoNa ko mAnane se nAsti bhaMga meM dvidhA niSedha AtA hai, jisakA nimna prakAra se pratIkIkaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai (1) syAdasti = P (A) (2) syAnnAsti = P-(-A) aba isakA yaha pratIkAtmaka rUpa nimnalikhita dRSTAnta se pUrNataH spaSTa ho jAyegA 'syAt AtmA cetana hai ( prathama bhaMga ) aura syAt AtmA acetana nahIM hai' (dvitIya bhNg)| aba yadi hama 'AtmA cetana hai' kA pratIka A mAneM, to usake acetana kA -A hogA aura isI prakAra 'AtmA acetana nahIM hai' kA pratIka-(-A) ho jAyegA / isa prakAra ina vAkyoM meM hamane dekhA ki vaktA kI apekSA badalatI nahIM hai| vaha donoM hI vAkyoM kI vivecanA eka hI apekSA se karatA hai / isa dRSTikoNa se uparyukta donoM vAkyoM kA prArUpa yathArtha hai| aba yadi ina donoM vAkyoM ko mUla mAneM, to saptabhaGgI kA pratIkAtmaka prArUpa nimna prakAra hogA (1) syAdasti = P ( A) (2) syAnnAsti = P-(-A) (3) syAdasti ca nAsti = P ( A. -(-A)) (4) syAdavaktavya =P(C) (5) syAdasti ca avaktavya - P(A. -C) (6) syAt nAsti ca avaktavya = P(-(-A) -C (7) syAdasti ca nAsti ca avaktavya = P(A. -(-A) -C) isa pratIkIkaraNa meM A aura --A vaktavyatA ke aura -C avaktavyatA kA bhI sUcaka hai| kintu syAdasti aura syAnnAsti ko kramazaH A aura -A athavA A aura --A mAnanA upayukta pratIta nahIM hotA hai| kyoMki nAstibhaGga paracatuSTaya kA niSedhaka hai aura astibhaGga svacatuSTaya kA pratipAdaka hai / yadi unheM A aura -A kA pratIka diyA jAye, to unameM vyAghAtakatA pratIta hotI hai, jabaki vastusthiti isase bhinna hai| ataH svacatuSTaya aura paracatuSTaya ke lie alaga-alaga pratIka arthAt A aura B pradAna karanA adhika yuktisaMgata hai|
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________________ 27 jaina saptabhaGgI : Adhunika tarkazAstra ke sandarbha meM hamane svacatuSTaya ke lie A aura paracatuSTaya ke niSedha ke lie-B mAnA hai / merA yaha dAvA nahIM hai ki merA diyA huA uparyukta pratIkIkaraNa antima evaM sarvamAnya hai| usameM parimArjana kI saM vanA ho sakatI hai| AzA hai ki vidvAna isa dizA meM adhika gambhIratA se vicAra kara saptabhaGgI ko eka sarvamAnya pratIkAtmaka svarUpa pradAna kareMge, tAki usake sambandha meM uThanevAlI bhrAntiyoM kA samyakrUpeNa nirAkaraNa ho ske| aba saptabhaGgI kI yaha pratIkAtmakatA saMbhAvyatA tarkazAstra ke uparyukta pratIkIkaraNa ke anurUpa hai| isalie yaha usase tulanIya hai| jisa prakAra saptabhaGgI meM uttara ke cAroM prakathana pUrva ke mulabhUta tInoM bhaMgoM ke sAMyogika rUpa haiM aura pratyeka kathana ko 'ca' rUpa saMyojana ke dvArA jor3A gayA hai, usI prakAra saMbhAvyatA takazAstra ke uparyukta siddhAnta meM tIna mUlabhUta bhaGgoM kI kalpanA karake Age ke bhaMgoM kI racanA meM saMyojana arthAt kanjaMkzana kA hI pUrNataH vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai| jisa krama meM saptabhaMgI kI vivecanA aura vistAra hai, usI krama kA anugamana saMbhAvyatA tarkazAstra kA ukta siddhAnta bhI karatA hai| eka rucikara bAta yaha hai ki saptabhaMgI ke sAtaveM bhaMga meM kramArpaNa aura sahArpaNa rUpa tIsare aura cauthe bhaMga kA saMyoga mAnA gayA hai| isa saMdarbha meM saptabhaMgItaraMgiNI kA nimnalikhita kathana draSTavya hai-'alaga-alaga krama yojita aura mizrita rUpa akrama yojita dravya tathA paryAya kA Azraya karake 'syAt asti nAsti ca avaktavyazca ghaTaH' kisI apekSA se satva-asatva sahita avaktavyatva kA Azraya ghaTa hai-isa saptama bhaGga kI pravRtti hotI hai|' (pR0 72) isakA bhAva yaha hai ki asti aura nAsti bhaGga ke kramika aura akramika saMyoga se avaktavya bhaGga kI yojanA hai arthAta asti aura nAsti ke yojita rUpa 'asti ca nAsti' meM asti-nAsti ke akrama rUpa avaktavya ko jor3A gayA hai| aba yadi asti A hai, nAsti-B aura avaktavya-c hai, to sAtaveM bhaGga kA rUpa hogA, A-B meM -C kA yoga / jo saMbhAvyatA tarkazAsra ke uparyukta siddhAnta ke antima kathana se mela khAtA hai| jisa prakAra saptabhaGgI meM tIna mUla bhaGgoM se cAra hI yaugika bhaGga banane kI yojanA hai, usI prakAra saMbhAvyatA takazAstra meM bhI tIna svatantra ghaTanAoM ke saMyoga se cAra sAMyogika svatantra ghaTanAoM kI abhikalpanA hai| vastutaH ye sabhI bAteM jaina tarkazAstra ko svIkRta haiN| isalie isa pratIkAtmaka prArUpa ko saptabhaGgI para lAgU kiyA jA sakatA hai| __ aba saptabhaGgI kI mUlyAtmakatA ko nimna rUpa se citrita karane kA prayAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai / yadi syAdasti, syAnnAsti aura syAdavaktavya arthAt A,-B aura-C ko eka-eka vRtta ke dvArA sUcita kiyA jAye, to una vRttoM ke saMyoga se banane vAle saptabhaGgI ke zeSa cAra bhaGgoM ke kSetra isa prakAra hoMge cina-1 "
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________________ 28 bhikhArI rAma yAdava aba citra saMkhyA 5 ko dekhane se spaSTa ho jAyegA ki A,-B-C, A-B, A-C,B-C aura A-B-C kA kSetra alaga-alaga hai / jisake AdhAra para saptabhaGgI ke pratyeka bhaGga kI mUlyAtmakatA aura unake svatantra astitva kA nirUpaNa ho sakatA hai| yadyapi saptabhaGgI kA yaha citraNa vena DAinAma se tulanIya nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha usake kisI bhI siddhAnta ke antargata nahIM hai, tathApi yaha citraNa saptabhaGgI kI pramANatA ko siddha karane ke lie upayukta hai| ___ sAMyogika kathanoM kA mUlya aura mahattva apane aGgIbhUta kathanoM ke mUlya aura mahattva se bhinna hotA hai / isa bAta kI siddhi bhautika vijJAna ke nimnalikhita siddhAnta se kI jA sakatI hai kalpanA kIjie ki bhinna-bhinna raMga vAle tIna prakSepaka a, ba aura sa isa prakAra vyavasthita haiM ki unase prakSepita prakAza eka dUsare ke Upara aMzataH par3ate haiM, jaisA ki citra meM dikhalAyA gayA hai lAla 222lB kAlA nIlA pratyeka prakSepaka se nikalane vAle prakAza ko hama eka avayava mAna sakate haiN| kSetra a, ba aura sa eka raMga ke prakAza se prakAzita haiM aura kSetra a+ba, ba+sa aura a+ sa do-do avayavoM se prakAzita haiN| jabaki bIcavAlA bhAga jo tIna avayavoM se prakAzita hai| use a+ba + sa kSetra kaha sakate haiM / usa bhAga ko jo raMgoM ke prakAza se prakAzita hai, mizraNa kahate haiM / kyoMki prakAzita bhAga a,ba aura sa tInoM se prakAzita hotA hai| jaise hI tInoM avayavoM meM se koI avayava badalatA hai, mizraNa kA raMga badala jAtA hai aura kisI bhI raMga vAle bhAga meM se usake avayavoM ko pahacAnA nahIM jA sakatA hai| vastutaH vaha dUsare raMga ko janma detA hai, jo usake aGgIbhUta avayavoM se bhinna hotA hai / usa mizraNa ko usake avayavoM meM se kisI eka ke dvArA sambodhita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| ataeva unheM mizraNa kahanA hI sArthaka hai / raMgoM kA jJAna bhI kucha isI prakAra kA hai| yadi hama pIlA, nIlA aura vAyaleTa ko mUla raMga mAnakara mizrita raMga taiyAra kareM, to ve isa prakAra hoMge nIlA + polA = harA pIlA + vAyaleTa = lAla vAyaleTa + nIlA = baiMganI harA + baiMganI + lAla = kAlA
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________________ jaina saptabhaGgI : Adhunika tarkazAstra ke sandarbha meM 29 isa prakAra tIna mUlabhUta raMgoM ke saMyoga ke cAra hI mizrita raMga banate haiN| ina mizrita raMgoM kA astitva apane mUla raMgoM ke astitva se bhinna hai| isalie inheM mUlaraMgoM ke nAma se abhihita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / ThIka yahI bAta syAdvAda ke saMdarbha meM bhI hai / yadyapi saptabhaGgI ke uttara ke cAra bhaGga pUrva ke tIna mUlabhUta bhaGgoM ke saMyoga mAtra hI haiM, kintu ve sabhI ukta tInoM bhaGgoM se bhinna haiM / isalie unake alaga-alaga mUlya haiN| isa prakAra saptabhaGgI ke sAtoM bhaGga alaga-alaga mUlya pradAna karate haiM / isalie saptabhaGgI saptamUlyAtmaka hai, aisA mAnanA caahie| ---darzana vibhAga, esa0 sinhA kAleja, auraMgAbAda (bihAra )