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________________ jaina sAhitya ve mahAna aviSkartA the / unhoMne apanI bar3I putrI brAhmI ko jo lipi sikhAI vaha bhArata kI prAcInatama lipi brAhmI ke nAma se prasiddha huI aura choTI putrI sundarI ko aMka Adi sikhAye, jisase gaNita kA vikAsa haA / pUruSoM kI 72 tathA striyoM kI 64 kalAe~ yA vidyAe~ bhagavAna RSabhadeva kI hI viziSTa dena haiN| bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke bar3e putra bharata 6 khaNDoM ko vijaya kara cakravartI samrATa bane, aura unhIM ke nAma se isa deza kA nAma bhArata prasiddha huaa| vyAvahArika zikSA dene ke bAda bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne pichalI Ayu meM sanyAsa grahaNa kiyA aura tapasyA tathA dhyAna Adi / sAdhanA se Atmika jJAna prApta kiyA / usa paripUrNa aura viziSTa jJAna kA nAma kevala 'jJAna' jaina dharma meM prasiddha hai| isake bAda unhoMne AdhyAtmikaagaracanda nAhaTA sAdhanA kA mArga pravartita kiyA, Atmika unnati aura mokSa kA mArga sabako batalAyA isIlie bhagavAna RSabhadeva kA jaina sAhitya meM sarvAdhika jaina dharma bhArata kA prAcInatama dharma hai / usake mahatva hai yadyapi unako hae asaMkhyAta varSa ho gaye, pravartaka aura pracAraka 24 tIrtha kara sabhI ima bhArata- isalie unakI vANI yA upadeza to hameM prApta nahIM haiM, bhami meM hI janme, sAdhanA karake viziSTa jJAna prApta para unakI paramparA meM 23 tIrthakara aura hae / unhoMne kiyA aura janatA ko dharmopadeza dekara bhArata meM hI bhI sAdhanA dvArA kevala jJAna prApta kiyA aura sabhI nirvANa ko prApta hue| jaina paramparA ke anusAra bhaga- kevaliyoM kA jJAna eka jaisA hI hotA hai| isaliye vAna RSabhadeva prathama tIrtha kara the| unhoMne yugalika RSabhadeva kI jJAna kI paramparA aMtima tIrtha kara dharma kA nivAraNa karake asI zAstra kI masI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI aura upadeza ke rUpa meM likha kRSi, tathA vidyAoM aura kalAoM kI Aja bhI hameM prApta hai| samasta jaina sAhitya kA mUla zikSA dekara bhAratIya saMskRti ko eka nayA rUpa diyaa| AdhAra vahI kevala jJAnI-tIrtha karoM kI vANI hI hai| 217
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________________ prAcInatama jaina sAhitya kara bAkI meM raciyatA kA nAma nahIM milatA unameM se raciyatA ke nAmavAle granthoM meM sabase pahalA sUtra hai bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pahale ke tIrtha karoM ke dazavakAlpika, jinameM jaina muniyoM kA AdhAra saMkSepa meM muniyoM kA jo vivaraNa AgamoM meM prApta hai, usase vaNita hai| isa sUtra ke raciyatA rAyyaMbhava sUri mahAmAlUma hotA hai ki 'pUrvo' kA jJAna usa paramparA meM cAlU vIra nirvANa ke 98 varSa meM svargastha 5 veM pakSadhara hue thaa| Age calakara unako 14 pUrvo meM vibhAjita kara ra haiN| isake bAda AcArya bhadrabAhu zrutakevalI ne vRhadadiyA mAlUma detA hai| ataH bhagavAna mahAvIra meM samaya kalpa, byavahAra aura dazAtha ta skandha nAmaka ucheda sUtroM aura usake kaI zatAbdiyoM taka 14 pUrvo kA jJAna kI racanA kii| 10 AgamoM kI niyuktiyA~ rUpa prAcIna pracalita rhaa| 'kramazaH' usameM kSINatA hotI gaI aura , Ata viTara TIkAe~ bhI bhadrabAhu racita haiM / para AdhukarIba 2 hajAra varSoM se 14 pUrvo ke jJAna kI vaha nika vidvAnoM kI rAya meM unake kartA dvitIya bhadrabAha viziSTa paramparA lupta sI-ho gyii| pIche hue haiM / isake bAda syAmAcArya ne patravaNA sUtra bnaayaa| isa taraha samaya-samaya para anya kaI AcAryoM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jo 30 varSa taka aneka aura vidvAnoM ne graMtha banAkara jaina sAhitya kI abhisthAnoM meM vicarate hue dharmopadeza diyA, use aneka vRddhi kii| pravAna gautama Adi gaNadharoM ne sutra rUpa meM nibaddha kara / diyaa| vaha upadeza 12 aMga sUtroM meM vibhakta kara diyA saMskRta meM jaina sAhitya - gayA jise 'dvAdazAMga gaNi-piTaka' kahA jAtA hai| inameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne tatkAlIna lokabhASA arddhase 12vAM dRSTibAda aMga satra jo bahata bar3A aura viziSTa mAthI meM paTeDA diyA thA bahuta bar3A aura viziSTa mAgadhI meM upadeza diyA thA aura usI paramparA ko aura na jJAna kA stotra thaa| para vaha to lupta ho cukA hai| jainAcAryoM ne bhI 500 varSoM taka to barAbara nibhAyA / bAkI "aMga sUtra karIba hajAra varSa taka maukhika rUpa ataH usa samaya taka kA samasta jaina sAhitya prAkRta / se pracalita rahe, isalie unakA bhI bahuta-sA aMza bhASA meM hI racita hai / isake bAda saMskRta ke bar3hate vismata ho gyaa| vIra nirvANa saMvata_980 meM devadhi hae pracAra se jaina vidvAna bhI prabhAvita hue aura gaNi kSamAzramaNa ne saurASTra kI vallabhI nagarI meM usa unhoMne prAkRta ke sAtha-sAtha saMskRta meM bhI racanA karanA samaya taka jo aMga maukhika rUpa se prApta the unako prArambha kara diyA / upalabdha jaina sAhitya meM sabase lipibaddha kara diyA / ataH prAcInatama aura jaina pahalA saMskRta graMtha AcArya umAsvAti racita 'tvArtha sAhitya meM rUpa ke ve 11 aMga aura unake upAMga tathA / gi tathA sUtra mAnA jAtA hai, jo vikrama kI dUsarI tIsarI zatAbdI unake AdhAra para bane hue jo bhI Agama Aja prApta kI racanA hai| isameM choTe-choTe sUtroM ke rUpa meM jaina haiM unheM prAcInatama jaina sAhitya mAnA jAtA hai| siddhAntoM kA bahata khubI se saMkalana kara diyA gayA hai| digambara sampradAya meM to ye aMga sUtrAdi lupta ho gaye yaha 10 adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| zvetAmbara aura digamAnA jAtA hai, para zvetAmbara sampradAya meM ve hI Agama mbara donoM sampradAya ise samAna rUpa se mAnya karate graMtha prApta aura mAnya haiN| haiM, aura donoM sampradAyavAloM kI isa para sahI TIkAe~ prApta haiM / zvetAmbara mAnyatA ke anusAra to tatthyArthakA prAcInatama jaina sAhitya sutra kI bhASya to svaya umAsvAti ne hI racI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bAda kaI jainAcAryoM ne bahuta- sutra granthoM kI paramparA kA yaha mahatvapUrNa saMskRta se sUtra graMtha banAye, para una sUtroM meM se 2-4 ko chor3a- jaina grantha hai| 218
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________________ isake bAda to samaMtabhadra' siddhasena, pUjyamAda, kI ba~galA Adi anya prAMtIya bhASAoM meM bhI jainoM kI akalaMka haribhadra Adi zvetAmbara digambara donoM racita prApta haiN| hindI, rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI meM sampradAyoM ke vidvAnoM dvArA dArzanika, nyAya gratha aura to lAkhoM zloka parimita gadya aura padya kI jaina racaTIkAe~ Adi saMskRta meM barAbara racI jAtI rhii| nAeM prApta haiM evaM prAcInatama racanAeM jainoM kI hI aura Age calakara to saMskRta meM kAvya, caritra aura prApta haiN| sabhI viSayoM ke jaina grantha saMskRta meM khUba likhe gaye / kathAoM kA bhaMDAra jaina-sAhityaapabhraMza evaM lokabhASAoM meM jaina sAhitya-- lokabhASA kI taraha lokakathAoM aura dezI jaina bhASA meM nirantara parivartana hotA hI rahA saMgIta ko bhI jainoM ne vizeSa rUpa se apnaayaa| isIhai ataH prAkRta bhASA apamraza ke rUpa meM lie lokakathAoM kA bhI bahuta bar3A bhaMDAra jaina parivartita ho gayI / apabhraMza meM bhI jainoM ne hI sAhitya meM pAyA jAtA hai| aura lokagItoM kI cAla sarvAdhika sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyA hai / vaise to thA 'tarja' para hajAroM stavana, sajhAya, DhAla Adi prAcIna nATakoM meM bhinna jAti evaM sAdhAraNa choTe-bar3e kAvya race gaye haiN| una DhAla Adi ke prArambha puruSoM aura striyoM kI bhASA kI 'racanAeM 8 vIM meM kisa' loka gIta kI tarja para isa 'gIta' racanA 9vIM zatAbdI se milane lagatI haiM, aura 17 vIM ko gAnA cAhie, isakA kucha ullekha karate hue usa zatAbdI taka choTI-bar3I saikar3oM racanAe~ jaina kaviyoM lokagIta kI prArambhika kucha paMktiyA~ bhI uddhRta kara kI racita Aja bhI prApta hai| kavi svayaMbhU puSpadaMta, dI gaI haiM jisase hajAroM vismRta aura lupta lokadhanapAla Adi apabhraza ke jaina mahAkavi haiM / jainetara gItoM kI jAnakArI milane ke sAtha-sAtha kaunasA gIta raktigraMtha apabhraMza meM nahIM milatA kyoMki unhoMne kitanA purAnA hai, isake nirNaya karane meM bhI suvidhA prArambha se hI saMskRta ko pradhAnatA dI thI; ataH ho gaI hai| isa sambandha meM mere kaI lekha prakAzita ho unakA sarvAdhika sAhitya saMskRta meM hai| cuke haiN| apabhraza se uttara bhArata kI prAntIya bhASAoM eka-eka lokakathA ko lekara anekoM jaina racanAe~ kA vikAsa haA / 13vIM zatAbdI se rAjasthAnI, prAkRta, saMskRta, rAjasthAnI Adi bhASAoM meM jaina gujarAtI aura hindI meM sAhitya milane lagatA hai| vidvAnoM ne likhI haiN| isase ve lokakathAeM kaunasI yadyapi 15vIM zatAbdI taka apabhraMza kA prabhAva kitanI purAnI hai, unakA mUla rUpa kyA thA una racanAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| usa samaya taka aura kaba-kaba kaisA aura kitanA parivartana unameM hotA rAjasthAna aura gujarAta meM to eka hI bhASA bolI rahA, ina saba bAtoM kI jAnakArI jaina kathA sAhitya jAtI thI, jise rAjasthAna vAle purAnI rAjasthAnI evaM se hI adhika mila sakatI hai / una lokakathAoM ko gujarAtavAle jUnI-gujarAtI kahate haiM ataH kaI vidvAnoM dharma pracAra kA mAdhyama banAne ke lie unameM jaina ne use 'maru-gUjara' bhASA kahanA ucita adhika mAnA siddhAMtoM aura AcAra vicAra kA puTa de diyA hai| Age calakara rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI aura hindI meM gayA hai jisase janatA una kathAoM ko sunakara pApoM se prAntIya bheda adhika spaSTa hotA gyaa| aura ina bace aura acche kAryoM kI preraNA prApta kare / kyoMki tInoM bhASAoM meM jaina vidvAnoM ne pracUra racanAe~ kathAe~, bAlaka, yuvA-vRddha strI-puruSa sabhI ko samAna banAyI haiN| vaise kucha racatAe sindhI, marAThI rUpa se prabhAvita karatI hai isalie jaina lekhakoM ne 2.6
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________________ kathAoM sambandhI sAhitya bahata bar3e parimANa meM racA se prakAzita hai| bhASA vijJAna ke adhyApana meM jaina hai aura isase jana-sAdhAraNa ke jIvana meM sadAcAra aura sAhitya kI upayogitA--bhASA vijJAna kI dRSTi se jaina naitikatA kA khUba pracAra haA / jaina sAhitya kI sAhitya kA mahatva sabase adhika hai kyoMki jaina muni eka sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki usameM nirantara ghUmate rahate haiM aura saba prAntoM meM dharma pracArArtha vikAra varddhaka aura vAsanAoM ko ubhAranevAle aura tIrtha yAtrA Adi ke lie unakA yAtAyAta hotA sAhitya ko sthAna nahIM milaa| isase lokajIvana kA rahA hai| unakA jIvana bahuta saMyamita hone se unhoMne naitika-pada U~cA uThA, usase bhArata kA gaurava bddh'aa| sAhitya nirmANa aura lekhana meM bahuta samaya lagAyA, isI kA pariNAma hai ki alaga-alaga prAntoM kI sAhitya saMrakSaNa meM jainoM kA viziSTa yogadAna bhASAoM meM jaina vidvAna barAbara likhate rahe / isase una bhASAoM kA vikAsa kisa taraha hotA gayA, zabdoM jaina sAhitya kI eka dUsarI vizeSatA yaha hai ki ke rUpoM meM kisa taraha kA parivartana huA, isakI jAnavaha barAbara likhA jAtA rahA aura usakI surakSA kA kArI jaina racanAoM se jitanI adhika milatI hai jainebhI bahuta acchA prayatna kiyA jAtA rahA / isalie tara racanAoM se nahIM milatI / kyoMki eka to ve hastalikhita pratiyoM ke jJAna-bhaNDAra jainoM ke pAsa bahuta itanI surakSita nahIM rahIM aura pratyeka zatAbdI ke pratyeka bar3I va acchI saMsthA meM surakSita haiM / prAcIna aura zuddha caraNa kI jaina racanAeM jisa taraha kI milatI haiM vaisI pratiyoM kI upalabdhi svarUpa jJAna bhaNDAra meM eka tAr3a jainetaroM kI nahIM miltii| patrIya prati, 10vIM zatAbdI se 15vIM zatAbdI taka kI tADapatrIya pratiyA~ jaisalamera, pATaNa, khaMbhAta, bar3audA prAkRta bhASA ke do pradhAna bheda haiM-khere senI aura Adi meM karIba eka hajAra surakSita haiM / 13vIM ___ mhaaraassttrii| khere senI meM digambara aura mahArASTrI meM zatAbdI se kAgaja para grantha likhe jAne lage / taba se vetAmbara sAhitya racA gayA / inase apabhraza aura aba taka kI lAkhoM pratiyA~ kAgaja kI prApta haiN| inameM ja kA prApta hai / inameM apabhraza se uttara bhArata kI prAntIya bhASAoM kI kevala jaina sAhitya hI nahIM hai| aisA bahutasA janetara zakhalA jaDatI hai| sAhitya bhI hai jo anyatra kahIM nahIM miltaa| aura yadi milatA hai to bhI una jainetara granthoM kI prAcIna uttara bhArata kI prAntIya bhASAoM kI taraha va zuddha pratiyAM jaina bhaNDAroM meM jitanI va jaisI milatI dakSiNI bhArata kI pramukha bhASA 'kannaDa' aura 'tamila, haiM utanI aura vaisI janetara saMgrahAlayo meM nahIM ina donoM meM bhI jaina sAhitya bahuta adhika milatA hai| milatIM / arthAt sAhitya ke nirmANa meM hI nahIM, AcArya bhadrabAha, dakSiNI bhArata meM apane saMgha ko lekara saMrakSaNa meM bhI jainoM kA ullekhanIya yogadAna rahA hai| padhAre kyoMki uttara bhArata meM una dinoM bahuta bar3A sacitra, svarNAkSarI, gaiSyAkSarI, paMcapATha, tripATha Adi duSkAla par3A thaa| unake dakSiNa bhArata meM padhArane se aneka zailiyoM kI viziSTa pratiyA~ bahuta hI ullekhanIya unake jJAna aura tyAga tapa se prabhAvita hokara dakSiNa haiN| lekhanakalA aura citrakalA kA jainoM ne khUba bhArata ke aneka logoM ne jaina dharma ko svIkAra kara liyA vikAsa kiyA / isa sambandha meM saujanya mUrti, mahAna aura unakI saMkhyA kramazaH bar3hatI hI gii| AsapAsa ke sAhitya sevI svargIya pUjya vijayajI likhita 'bhAratIya kSetroM meM jaina dharma kA khUba pracAra huA / jaina muni zravaNa saMskRti ane lekhanakalA' nAmaka gUjarAtI grantha cAturmAsa ke sivAya eka jagaha rahate nahIM bahata hI paThanIya haiM jo sArAbhAI nabAva, ahamadAbAda haiM, isalie unhoMne ghUma-phirakara jaina dharma kA sandeza 220
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________________ jana-jana meM phailAyA / loka samparka ke lie vahAM jo aba upalabdha bhI nahIM hote / bahuta se janetara graMthoM ko kannaDa aura tamila bhASAeM alaga-alaga pradezoM meM antara banAye rakhane kA zreya janoM ko prApta hai| bolI jAtI thIM, unameM khUba sAhitya nirmANa kiyA / aitihAsika dRSTi se jaina sAhitya bahuta mahatvapUrNa ataH ina donoM bhASAoM kA prAcIna aura mahatvapUrNa hai| bhAratIya itihAsa, saMskRti aura lokajIvana sAhitya jainoM kA hI prApta hai| isa taraha uttara aura sambandhI bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa sAmagrI jaina graMthoM va prazadakSiNa bhArata ko pradhAna bhASAoM meM jaina sAhitya kA stiyoM evaM lekhoM Adi meM pAyI jAtI hai| jaina Agama pracura parimANa meM pAyA jAnA bahata hI ullekhanIya sAhitya meM do-aDhAI hajAra varSa pahale kA jo sAMskRaura mahatvaparNa hai| bhAratIya sAhitya ko jainoM kI yaha tika vivaraNa milatA hai, usake sambandha meM jagadIza candra biziSTa dena hI samajhI jAnI caahie| jaina likhita "jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja'', viSaya vaividhya-- nAmaka zodha prabandha caukhambA vidyA bhavana-vArANasI viSaya vaividhya kI dRSTi se bhI jaina sAhitya bahuta se prakAzita huA hai, usase bahuta-sI mahatvapUrNa vAtoM mahatvapUrNa hai kyoMki jIvanopayogI prAyaH pratyeka kA patA calatA hai / jaina prabandha saMgraha paTTAbaliyA~, viSaya ke jaina grantha race gaye haiN| isalie jaina sAhitya tIrtha mAlAe~ aura aitihAsika gIta, kAvya Adi meM kevala jainoM ke lie hI upayogI nahIM, usakI sArvajanika aneka choTe-bar3e grAmanagaroM vahA~ ke zAsakoM, pradhAna upayogitA hai / vyAkaraNa, koza, chanda, alaMkAra, kAvya- vyaktiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai / jinase choTe-choTe zAstra, vaidyaka, jyotiSi maMtra-taMtra, gaNita, ratna parIkSA gA~voM kI prAcInatA, unake purAne nAma aura vahA~ kI Adi aneka viSayoM ke jaina grantha prAkRta, saMskRta, kannaDa, sthiti kA paricaya milatA hai / bahuta se aise zAsako tamila, aura rAjasthAnI, hindI, gujarAtI meM prApta hai| ke nAma jo itihAsa meM kahIM nahIM milate, unakA inameM se koI grantha to itane mahatvapUrNa haiM ki jainetaroM jaina grathoM meM ullekha mila jAtA hai| bahuta se rAjAoM ne bhI unakI mukta kaMTha se prazaMsA kI hai aura unheM Adi ke kAvya nirNaya meM bhI jaina sAmagrI kAphI sUcaapanAyA hai / jaina vidvAnoM ne sAhityaka kSetra meM bahata nAe~ detI hai, va sahAyaka hotI hai| gurdAvalI to bahuta udAratA rakhI / kisI bhI viSaya kA acchA natha mahatvapUrNa hai| kahIM bhI unheM prApta ho gayA to jaina vidvAnoM ne usakI prati yadi mila sakI to le lI yA kharIda karavAlI, . jaina sAhitya kI guNavatA - nahIM to nakala karavA ke bhaNDAra meM rakha lii| jainetara aba yahA~ kucha aise jaina graMthoM kA saMkSipta paricaya granthoM kA paThana-pAThana bhI ve barAbara karate hI the| ataH karAyA jAyagA jo apane DhaMga ke eka hI haiN| AvazyakatA anubhava karake unhoMne bahuta se jainetara inameM kaI grantha to aise-aise bhI haiM jo bhAratIya sAhitya granthoM para mahatvapUrNa TIkAe~ likhI haiN| isase una grathoM hI meM nahIM vizva sAhitya meM bhI ajor3a haiN| prAcIna kA artha yA bhAva ko samajhanA sabake lie sulabha ho bhArata meM jJAna-vijJAna kA kitanA adhika vikAsa haA gayA aura una granthoM ke pracAra meM abhivaddhi hii| jaine- thA aura Age calakara usameM kitanA hrAsa ho gayA, tara grathoM para jaina TIkAoM sambandhI merA khojapUrNa isakI kucha jhA~kI Age diye jAnevAle vivaraNoM se lekha 'bhAratIya vidyA' ke 2 aMkoM meM prakAzita ho cukA pAThakoM ko mila jaaygii| aise kaI graMthoM kA to prkaahai| jaina nathoM meM aneka bauddha aura vaidika graMthoM ke zana bhI ho cukA hai para unakI jAnakArI virale hI udAharaNa pAye jAte haiN| unameM se kaI janetara gratha to vyaktiyoM ko hogii| vAstava meM jaina sAhitya aba taka 221
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________________ bahuta hI upekSita rahA hai aura bahuta se vidvAnoM ne to dRSTi se bar3e mahatva kA hai / phalAdeza viSayaka yaha grantha yaha galata dhAraNA banA lI hai ki jaina sAhitya, jaina- eka pAribhASika grantha hai / DaoN. agravAlajI ne ise dharma Adi ke sambandha meM ho hogA / sarvajanopayogI kuSANa gupta yuga kI sandhi kAla kA batalAyA hai arthAta sAhitya usameM nahIM hai / para vAstava meM sarvajanopayogI yaha grantha bahuta purAnA hai isa taraha ke na mAlUma kitane jaina sAhitya bahuta bar3e parimANa meM prApta hai jisase mahatvapUrNa grantha kAla meM samA gaye haiN| lAbha uThAne para bhAratIya samAja kA bahuta bar3A upakAra hogaa| bahuta-sI naI aura mahatvapUrNa jAnakArI prAkRta bhASA kA dUsarA mahatvapUrNa grantha hai saMgha jaina sAhitya ke adhyayana se prakAza meM A skegii| dAsa gaNi racita 'vasUdeva hinDI' yaha bhI tIsarI aura pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke bIca kI racanA hai / isameM mukhyataH prAkRta bhASA kA eka prAcIna grantha 'aMgavijjA' to zrIkRSNa ke pitA vasudeva ke bhramaNa aura kaI mUni pUNya vijaya jI saMpAdita prAkRta grantha pariSada se vivAhoM kA varNana hai, para isameM prAsaMgika rUpa meM aneka prathama granthAGka ke rUpa meM san 1947 meM prakAzita huA paurANika aura laukika kathAoM kA samAveza bhI pAyA hai| 1 hajAra zloka parimita yaha grantha apane viSaya kA jAtA hai / pAzcAtya vidvAnoM aura DaoN. jagadIza candra sAre bhAratIya sAhitya meM eka hI grantha hai| isameM itanI jena tathA DaoN. sAMDesarA Adi ke anusAra yaha dRhad kathA vipula aura vividha sAMskRtika sAmagrI surakSita hai ki nAmaka lupta graMtha kI bahuta aMzoM meM pUrti karatA hai| samaya ke jainAcArya kA kina-kina viSayoM kA kaisA sAMskRtika adhyayana kI dRSTi se isakA bahata hI mahatva vizada zAna thA yaha jAnakara Azcarya hotA hai| DaoN.vAsu- hai / isa sambandha meM 2 bar3e-bar3e zodha prabaMdha grantha likhe deva zaraNa agravAla ne hindI meM aura DA. motIcandra jA cuke haiM / vasudeva hindI va madhyama khaNDa bhI asaMkhya ne aMgrejI meM isa grantha kA jo vivaraNa diyA hai, usase mile haiM - prAkRta bhASA kA tIsarA ullekhanIya graMtha isakA mahatva spaSTa ho jAtA hai / nivitta zAstra ke hai-RSi jaina bauddha aura vaidika tInoM dharmoM ke haiN| 8 prakAroM meM pahalI 'aMga vidyA' hai| agravAlajI ne apane r3haga kA yaha eka hI graMtha hai| isI taraha haribhadra likhA hai ki aMga vidyA kyA thI ? isako batAnevAlA sUri kA dhurtAkhyAna bhI prAkRta bhASA kA anUThA natha ekamAtra prAcIna grantha yahI jaina sAhitya meM aMga vijjA hai / ye donoM gratha. prakAzita ho cuke haiM / ke nAma se baca gayA hai| bhAratIya mudrA zAstra sambandhI eka mahatvapUrNa graMtha yaha aMga vijjA nAmaka prAcIna zAstra sAMskRtika dRSTi hai 'dravya parIkSA' jisakI racanA alAuddIna khilajI se ati mahatvapUrNa sAmagrI se paripUrNa hai| aMga vijjA ke koSAdhyakSa yA bhaNDArI kharatara gacchIya jaina zrAvaka ke AdhAra para vartamAna prAkRta koSoM meM aneka naye Thakkura pheru' ne kI hai| usa samaya kI pracalita sabhI zabdoM ko jor3ane kI AvazyakatA hai| muni puNya mudrAoM ke tIla, mApa mUlya Adi kI jo jAnakArI vijayajI ne jo graMtha ke anta meM zabdakoza diyA hai, usameM isa graMtha meM dI gaI hai, vaisI aura kisI bhI natha meM hajAroM nAma va zabda Aye haiM jinameM se bahata soM kA nahIM miltii| Thakkura pheru ne isI taraha dhApatti sahI artha batalAnA bhI Aja kaThina ho gayA hai| muni- vAstunusAra gaNitasAra, jyotiSasAra ratna parIkSA Adi zrI ne likhA hai ki sAmAnyatayA prAkRta vAkayA meM jina mahatvapUrNa natha banAye haiM / ina sabakI prAcIna hastakriyApadoM kA ullekha sagraha nahIM haA hai, unakA saMgraha likhita prati kI khoja maiMne hI kI. aura mani jina isa grantha meM vipulatA se huA hai jo prAkRta samRddhi kI vijayajI dvArA sabhI graMthoM ko eka saMgraha pratha meM 222
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________________ prakAzita karavA diyA hai / rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA rUpa meM prakAzita ho cukA hai| vaise dvisaMdhAna, pacasaMdhAna pratiSThAna jodhapura se yaha prakAzita hai / Adi to kaI kAvya milate haiM para saptasaMdhAna kAvya vizvabhara meM yaha eka hI hai / grathakAra ne aisA kAvya saMskRta bhASA meM eka vilakSaNa grotha hai 'pAzvabhyui 3 pahale AcArya hemacanda ne banAyA thA, ullekha kiyA daya kAvya jisakI racanA A. jinasena ne kI hai| __ hai, para vaha prApta nahIM hai / isameM meghadUna ke samagracaraNoM kI pAdapUrti rUpa meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA caritra diyA hai / kAlidAsa ke dakSiNa ke digambara jaina vidvAna hasadeva racita, maga padyoM ke bhAvoM ko AtmasAta karake aisA kAvya yaha sabase pakSI zAstra, bhI apane r3haga kA eka hI natha hai| isameM pahale samagra pAdapUrti ke rUpa meM banAkara graMthakAra ne pazu-pakSiyoM kI jAti evaM svarUpa kA nirUpaNa hai| apanI asAdhAraNa pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai| isa natha kA vizeSa vivaraNa merI preraNA se zrI jayaMta ThAkura ne gujarAtI meM likhakara 'svAdhyAya patrikA' meM vizva sAhitya meM ajor3a anya jaina saMskRta gratha hai prakAzita kara diyA hai| isa gratha kI pratilipi bar3audA 'aSTha lakSI' / ise samrATa akabara ke samaya meM maho ke prAcyavidyA mandira meM hai / pazu-pakSiyoM sambandhI pAdhyAya samaya sUndara ne saMvata 1649 meM prastuta kiyaa| aisI jAnakArI abhI kisI bhI prAcIna graMtha meM nahIM thaa| isa AzcaryakArI prayatna se samrATa bahuta hI prasanna miltii| ra haa| isa graMtha meM 'rAjA noda date sokhyama' ina ATha akSaroMvAle vAkya ke 10 lAkha se bhI adhika kannaDa sAhitya kA eka vilakSaNa gratha hai 'bhuuvly'| artha kiye haiN| raciyatA ne likhA hai ki kaI artha saMgati yaha aMkoM meM likhA gayA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki isameM meM ThIka nahIM baiThe to bhI 2 lAkha zabdoM ko bAda dekara anekoM graMtha saMkalita haiM evaM anekoM bhASAeM prayukta haiN| ATha lAkha artha to isameM vyAkaraNa siddha haiM hI isIlie isakA eka bhAga jaina mitra maMDala dillI se prakAzita isakA nAma 'aSTa lakSI' rakhA hai| yaha graMtha devacanda haA hai| rASTrapati rAjendraprasAda jI ke samaya to isa lAla bhAI pustakodvAra phaNDa sUrata se prakAzita 'anekArtha graMtha ke sambandha meM kAphI carcA huI thii| para usake ratna maMjUSA' meM prakAzita ho cukA hai| bAda usakA pUrA rahasya sAmane nahIM A skaa| saMskRta kA tIsarA apUrva graMtha hai-sapta saMdhAna hindI bhASA meM eka bahuta hI ullenIya racanA hai mahAkAvya, yaha 18vIM zatAbdI ke mahAna vidvAna 'arddha kathAnaka' / 17vIM zatAbdI ke jainasukavi banArasI upAdhyAya meghavijaya racita hai / isameM bhI RSabhadeva, dAsajI ne apane jIvana kI AtmakathA bahuta hI zAntinAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ina pA~ca rocaka rUpa meM isa graMtha meM dI hai isa AtmakathA kI tIrthaMkaroM aura zloka prasiddha mahApurUSa rAma aura prazaMsA zrI banArasI dAsa caturvedI ne mukta kaMTha se kI kRSNa, ina saMtoM-mahApuruSoM kI jIvanI eka sAtha calatI hai| isa taraha ke aura bhI aneka mahatvapUrNa graMtha jaina hai / yaha racanA vilakSaNa to hai hI / kaThina bhI itanI sAhitya-sAgara meM prApta haiM, jisase bhAratIya sAhitya hai ki binA TIkA ke sAtoM mahApuruSoM meM sajIvana pratyeka avazya hI gauravAnvita huA hai| vAstava meM isa zloka kI saMgati baiThAnA vidvAnoM ke lie bhI saMbhava viSaya para to eka svataMtra graMtha hI likhA jAnA nahIM hotaa| yaha mahAkAvya TIkA ke sAtha patrAkAra apetikSa hai| yahA~ to kevala saMkSipta jhA~kI hI dI hai 223