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________________ jaina mAdhu aura bIsavIM sadI nirmala AjAda jabalapura itihAsa sAkSI hai ki vibhinna yugoM meM vizva ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM sabhyatA aura saMskRti ke unnayana meM rAjasattA aura dharmasattA ne kabhI milakara aura kamI svatantrarUpa se yogadAna kiyA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vartamAna ke samAna bhUtakAla meM bhI mAnava ko rAjabhaya ko apekSA dharma-maya ne sadA jhakajhorA hai, use dharmaprANa banAye rakkhA hai| rAjasattA sadaiva badalatI rahI hai, usake vikarAla rUpoM ko mAnava ne kamI nahIM sraahaa| isake viparyAsa meM / siddhAntoM ne sadaiva mAnava ko zAnti evaM sukha kI ora agrasara kiyA hai, usake naitika siddhAnta sthira raheM haiM aura Aja bhI unake mUlya yathAvat haiN| dharma ne mAnava ko manovaijJAnikataH prabhAvita kiyA hai| isIliye vaha rAjanIti ko tulanA meM dharma se adhika anuprANita pAyA jAtA hai / vaha use dharma kI kasauTI para kasatA hai| use lagatA hai-dharma se anuprANita rAjanIti hI mAnava kA malA kara sakatI hai, usakI svacchanda aura mahatvAkAMkSI manovRtti para niyamana isakA saMsmaraNa karAne, saMskAra karane ke lie 'saMbhavAmi yuge yuge' mahApuruSa janma lete rahate haiN| isa yuga meM bihAra bhUmi meM janme mahAvIra aise hI eka trikAlajayI mahApuruSa the / unhoMne yuga ke anurUpa, pArzvaparamparA meM, sAmayika parivartana kiye, caturyAma ko paMcayAma banAyA, sacelaacela ke madhya digaMvaratva ko sAdhanA kA prakRSTa mArga kahA, naye tIrtha kA pravartana kara sAdhu-sAdhvo, zrAvaka, zrAvikA ke caturvidha saMgha kI sthApanA kii| saMgha jaina saMskRti evaM paramparA kA vAhaka rahA hai| apane jJAna, tyAga, cAritra .. evaM anya guNoM kI garimA se saMgha, pramukha sAdhuoM ne mahAvIra kI paramparA ko jIvanta banAye rakhane kA zreya pAyA hai| ye sAdhu vyakti nahIM haiM, saMsthA haiN| ina para saMgha aura samAja kA uttaradAyitva hai| isa saMsthA kA gauravazAlI itihAsa hai| yaha hamArI naitika saMskRti kI preraka aura mArgadarzaka rahI hai| vIsavIM sadI ke aneka jhaMjhAvAtoM ke bAvajada bhI isako upayogitA evaM sAmarthya para koI prazna cihna nahIM laga sakA hai| vibhinna yuga kI AvazyakatAoM evaM paristhitijanya jaTilatAoM ne isa saMsthA meM aneka parivartana yA vikRtiyA~ utpanna kI hai| inakA uddezya Atmara evaM dharmapracAra pramukha rahA hai| ye parivartana prAyaH bahirmukhI haiM, ye hamAre anekAntI jIvana paddhati ke jvalanta pramANa haiM / AcArya bhadrabAhu, AcArya kAlaka, AcArya samaMtabhadra, maTTa akalaMka, AcArya mAnatuMga tathA anya AcAryoM ke jIvana caritra Aja bhI hamArI preraNA ke srota haiN| inakI sAdhutA ke Adarza evaM vyavahAra hamArA mArgadarzana karate haiN| sAdhu ke zAstrIya lakSaNa byAvahArika dRSTi se jaina paramparA nivRttimArgI mAnI jAtI hai| ataH isa paramparA meM jIvama kA carama uddezya dukhamaya saMsAra se sukhamaya jIvana kI ora jAnA mAnA gayA hai| isa prakriyA ke liye sAdhanA apekSita hai, saralatA
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________________ 72 50 jagamohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa apekSita hai| sAdhu zabda ke ye donoM hI vihita artha haiN| sAdhanA kA artha saMsAra meM mAnya tathAkathita bhautika evaM mAnasika sukhoM kI ora nirapekSatA kI pravRtti ko vikasita karanA hai| isake liye uttarAdhyayana meM sAdhu ke prAyaH 25 guNoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| ye guNa sAdhu ke mana-vacana-zarIra ko sAMsArika vikRtiyoM se niyantrita karate haiM aura ratnatraya kI prApti meM sahAyaka hote haiM / samavAyAMga aura Avazyaka niyukti meM pAMca mahAbata, paMcendriya nigraha, kapAyanigraha, mana-vacana-kAya dvArA zuma pravRtti, vedanA sahatA, maraNAnta kaSTasahanA Adi sAdhu ke 27 mUla guNoM kI carcA hai| mUlAcAra meM pAMca mahAvrata, paMcendriya jaya, pAMca samiti, chaha Avazyaka tathA kezaloMca, asnAna Adi sAta guNoM ko milAkara 28 mUla guNoM kI carcA hai| inameM hI AcAravattA, zrutajJatA, prAyazcita, evaM AsanAdi kI kSamatA, AzApAyadarzitA, utpIlakatA, asrAvitA evaM sukhakAritA ke ATha guNa milane para uttama sAdhu ke 36 guNa ho jAte haiN| kuMdakuMda sAdhu ke cAritra pradhAna kevala 18 guNa ( 5 mahAbata, 5 indriyanigraha, 5 samiti evaM 3 gupti) mAnate haiN| isake uparAnta aneka AcAryoM ne bhinna bhinna rUpa se 36 guNoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai ( sAraNI / ) / bIsavIM sadI meM AcArya vidyAnanda 12 tapa, 10 dharma, paMcAcAra, chaha Avazyaka aura tIna guptiyoM ke rUpa meM 36 gaNoM ko mAnyatA dete haiN| inameM kucha punarUktiyAM pratIta hotI haiN| tapa cAritra kA hI eka aMga hai, phira tapAcAra aura cAritrAcAra ko pRthak se girAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| daza dharma mana-vacana-kAma ke hI niyaMtraka haiM, phira guptiyoM kI kyA pRthak se AvazyakatA hai ? saMbhavataH samitiyoM ke mUla guNoM meM A jAne se guptiyoM ko ina uttara., guNoM meM liyA gayA ho| sthiti kalpa bhI prAyaH mUla guNoM meM A jAte haiN| ataH sAdhu ke mUla guNa aura uttaraguNa-donoM hI 28 se adhika samucita nahIM pratIta hote / jaba 18 se 36 kI paramparA banI, taba parivartana to huA hI, punarAvartana bhI huA / vastutaH aneka punarAvartana bhI zithilatA ke preraka hote haiM / yahA~ kucha udAharaNa diye jA raheM haiN| inheM dhyAna ___ mUla guNa uttaraguNoM meM punarAbartana 1. chaha Avazyaka chaha Avazyaka (a) pratikramaNa kriyAyukta, pratikramI ( sthitikalpa ) 2. paMca mahAvrata bratI, sadguNI ( sthiti kalpa ) AcAravatva 3. Acelakya digambaratva 4. kSitizayana azamyAsana meM rakha kara punarAvartanoM ko dUra karanA cAhiye / sAtha hI ardhagarmI guNoM kI saMkhyA nyUnatama kI jAnI cAhiye / isa punarAvartana ke kAraNa mUlaguNa aura uttaraguNoM kA bheda hI samApta ho jAtA hai| phalataH sAdhu ke Avazyaka guNoM kA punarIkSita nirUpaNa Avazyaka hai| ye guNa sAdhu ke liye Adarza hai| zrAvakoM ko inameM preraNA milatI hai| dhavalA meM bhI solaha prAkRtika upamAnoM se sAdhu ke guNoM ko lakSita kiyA gayA hai| sAdhu aura AcArya yaha nizcita nahIM hai ki janoM meM bahupracalita NamokAra maMtra kaba AvirbhUta huA, para usakI kAlika bhAvanA sarvatobhadra rahI hai| usameM zrAvaka dharma ke sAdhaka se Age kI zreNiyoM kI pUjyatA kA vivaraNa hai| pUjyoM evaM namaskAryoM kI AdhArazilA sAghu-zreNI hai| sAdhanA evaM saralatA kI isa koTi se Age upAdhyAya aura AcAryoM kI koTi hai| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki sAdhu AcAra pramukha hotA hai aura anya koTiyAM AcAra pramukhatA ke sAtha darzana-jJAna bahula bhI hotI hai| isa liye unakI koTi uccatara hotI hai| koTi ko uccatA unake kartavyoM, uttaradAyitvoM ko bar3hAtI hai aura isake phalasvarUpa unheM kucha adhikAra bhI detI hai| digambara paramparA meM upAdhyAya nagaNya hI hue haiM, para
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________________ jaina sAdhu aura bIsavI sadI 73 zvetAmbara paramparA meM inakI saMkhyA paryApta hai| phira bhI saMgha ke saMcAlana, saMvardhana evaM mArgadarzana meM AcArya kA hI nAma AtA hai| sAmAnyataH puruSa sAdhu hI AcArya banAye jAte rahe haiM, para upAdhyAya amaramuni ne sAdhvIzrI caMdanA jI ko AcAryatva pada pradAna kara sAdhviyoM ke lie naI paramparA kA zrI gaNeza kara nayI jyoti vikirita kI hai| sAdhu saMghastha hotA hai aura AcArya saMghanAyaka hotA hai| vaha sAdhujanoM kI zikSA, dIkSA, anuzAsana, prAyazcitta, saMgharakSA Adi kA vettA aura mArgadarzI hotA hai / isaliye sAmAnya sAdhu kI tulanA meM usameM kucha guNavizeSa hone caahiye| ina guNoM kA kaSaMNa to usane svayaM kI sAdhu avasthA meM kiyA hai, inakA abhyAsa aura vikAsa usameM aisI zakti utpanna karanA hai jo use saMghanAyaka banAtI hai| mahAvIra ke yuga meM sAdhu-saMgha ke kucha niyama vikasita kiye gaye the| (i) sAdhU-saMgha parvata, udyAna yA caityoM para bane sthAnoM para AvAsa kre| ye sthAna sudUra hote the aura janAkIrNa nahIM rahate the| isa kAraNa sAdhu jana-samparka meM kama-se-kama A pAte the| phalataH ve Adarza sAdhanA patha para ArUr3ha rahate the| (ii) sAdhu upAsarA, devakula, sthAnaka, dharmazAlA Adi sAdhu-AvAsa banavAne vAle vyavasthApakoM yA zreSThivarga ke ghara azana-pAna nahIM kare / yahI nahIM, sAdhu kSiti-zayana yA kASTha-para para sove / (iii) sAdhu ko rAjAoM kA Adara yA mitratA nahIM karanI cAhiye / unheM unake yahAM yA unase sambandhita vyaktiyoM aura adhikAriyoM ke yahAM AhAra grahaNa nahIM karanA cAhiye / (iv) sAdhu ko snAna nahIM karanA cAhiye, daMtadhAvana nahIM karanA cAhiye / sAdhu ko uttama, madhyama yA jaghanya koTi koTi kA kezaluMcana karanA cAhiye / sAdhu ko yAna vAhana kA upayoga nahIM karanA cAhiye / padayAtrA hI usakA AvAgamana-sAdhana hai| (v) AvazyakatA par3ane para grAma meM eka dina tathA nagara meM pAMca dina se adhika AvAsa nahIM karanA cAhiye / (vi) sAdhu kA AhAra Agamika uddezyoM kI pUrti tathA acittatA para AdhArita khAdyoM para nirbhara rahanA cAhiye / (vii) sAdhu kI anya caryA naitika evaM AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI honI cAhiye / isameM svAdhyAya, dhyAna Adi kA adhikAdhika mahattva rahatA hai| sAdhu kA AvAsa mahAbIra kA yuga grAma aura nagara gaNa-rAjyoM kA thaa| una dinoM bIsavIM sadI ke samAna lAkhoM ko AbAdI vAle nagara nahIM the, zaharI saMskRti kI jaTilatAyeM nahIM thii| yAtAyAta ke sAdhana tathA dhArmika uddezyoM kI pUrti karane vAle AvAsa bhavana nagaNya the| una dinoM manuSya prAkRtika jIvana kA abhyasta thaa| phalataH uparokta aneka niyama samayAnukUla the| Aja grAmINa saMskRti gAMvoM meM bhI samApta prAya dikhatI hai, zaharoM kI to bAta kyA ? isaliye AvAsa hetu prAkRtika sthaloM kI samasyA spaSTa hai, janAkINatA kI bAta bhI jaTila ho gaI hai| mahAvIra ke paMcayAma meM brahmacarya ke samAhita hone para bhI janasaMkhyA meM lagAtAra vRddhi hote rahanA bhI aneka Adhunika samasyAoM kA mUla hai| AvAsa sambandhI sthiti kI jaTilatA kA anubhava chaThavI-sAtavoM sadI meM ho hone lagA thaa| isIliye AvAsa aura AhAra ke sambandha meM uparokta niyama (i-iii) mahattvapUrNa ho gaye the| sAdhuoM ke AvAsa gAMvoM evaM nagaroM ke mandira, caitya evaM dharmazAlAoM meM hone lage the aura ve sabhI prakAra ke logoM ke adhikAdhika saMparka meM Ane lage the| isa samparka se, anya dharmoM ke samAna janazramaNoM meM bhI dharma-pracAra kI bhAvanA ne utkaTa rUpa liyaa| yaha mAnasikatA saba, sambhavataH aura ugra huI
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________________ 74 paM0 jagamohanalAla zAstrI grantha [khaNDa sAraNI : sAdhu ke guNa anagAra ke 27 guNa, ( samavAyAMga ) anagAra ke 28 mUlaguNa, (mUlAcAra ) 1-5. pAMca mahAvrata 1-5. mahAvrata anagAra ke 27 guNa ( haribhadra ) (1) paMca mahAvrata 1. ahiMsA 2. satya 3. asteya 4. brahmacarya 5. aparigraha 6-10. paMcendriya jaya (2) paMcendriya jaya 6. sparzana jaya 7. rasanA jaya 8. ghrANa jaya . 9. dRSTi jaya 10. zravaNa jaya 6-10. paMcendriya nirodha 11-15. pAMca samiti IryA bhASA aiSaNA AdAna-nikSepaNa vyutsarga (3) 11. rAtri bhojana tyAga 11-14. krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha tyAga 16-21. chaha Avazyaka (4) 12. bhAva satya 15. bhAva satya sAmAyika (5) 13. karaNa satya 16. karaNa satya caturviMzatistava (6) 14. kSamA : krodha jaya 17. kSamA vaMdanA (7) 15. virAgatA-loma jaya 18. virAgatA pratikramaNa (8) 16-18. mana, vacana, kAya, zubhavRtti 19-21. mana, vacana, kAya nirodha pratyAkhyAna kAyotsarga keza loMca Acelakya (9) 19-24. chaha kAya ke jIvoM kI rakSA 22-24. ratnatrayasaMpannatA (10) 25. saMyama 25. yoga satya (11) 26. vedanA sahatA. 26. vedanA sahatA (12) 27. mAraNAMtika kaSTasahatA 27. maraNAMta kaSTasahatA (13) 28. asnAna kSitizayana 26. adanta dhAvana sthiti bhojana 28. eka bhakta
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________________ jaina sAdhu aura vIsavIM sadI 75 2] mUlaguNa aura uttara guNa sAdhu ke 36 guNa (zvetAMbara) 1-5. pAMca mahAvrata sAdhu ke 36 guNa (digaMbara) 1-12. tapa 1-6. vAhya tapa 7-12. aMtaraMga tapa 13-22. vaza dharma 23-27. pAMca AcAra darzanAcAra jJAnAcAra tapAcAra cAritrAcAra vIryAcAra 28-33. chaha Avazyaka 6-10. pAMca AcAra 11-15. pAMca samiti sAdhu ke 36 guNa ( AzAdhara / zrutasAgara) 1-12. tapa 13-20. AcAravatva zrutAdhAra prAyazcittadAtA niryApaka AyApAyajJa doSAbhApaka aparisrAvI saMtoSakArI 21-26. chaha Avazyaka 16-20. paMcendriya jaya 21-24. cAra kaSAya mukti 34-36. tIna gupti 25-27. tIna gupti 28-36. 9 vAr3ayukta brahmacarya pAlana 27-36. vaza sthitikalpa 1. digaMbaratva, 2. anu0 bhojI, 3. azayyAsana, 4. arAjabhuk 5. kriyAyukta, 6. vratI, 7. sadguNI, 8. pratikramI, 9. SaNmAsayogI,10.varSAvAsa hogI, jaba rAjyAzraya ko dharma pracAra kA eka mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka mAnA gyaa|' vicArakoM evaM santoM ko isa prazna ne sadaiva Andolita kiyA hai ki dharma rAjAzrita ho yA rAjya dharmAzrita ho ? jainoM ne yaha anubhava kiyA ki jaba dezakAla kA saMkramaNa cala rahA ho aura dharma kA astitva agni parIkSA meM ho, taba surakSA kA eka mAtra sahArA rAjyAzraya hI hai| dakSiNa meM pallava rAjAoM ke yuga meM mahendravarmA-1 ke dharma-parivartana ne jainoM kI utpanna kiye| isake anurUpa anya kSetroM meM bhI jainoM kI dazA bigdd'ii| Atma-lakSyI sAdhu isa sthiti se vicalita na hote-yaha kyA sambhava thA ? ve saMgha saMcAlaka evaM samAja ke mArgadarzI jo haiN| unheM mUla siddhAntoM meM apavAda mArga kA Azraya lenA par3A / uparokta niyama ( ii-iii ) meM saMzodhana huaa| taba se Aja taka rAjyAzraya evaM zreSThi-Azraya kI I hai| yaha apavAda ke badale utsarga mArga kA rUpa le cukI hai| eka paramparA badalI, dusarI paramparA aaii| paramparAyeM sthAyI nahIM hotI, ataH jo loga paramparAvAda ko dharma kA mUla mAnate haiM, unheM itihAsa kA avalokana karanA cAhiye / sAdhu yA saMghanAyaka acchI paramparAoM ke poSI hote haiM para ve nayI paramparAoM ke pratiSThApaka bhI hote haiN| sAdhu-saMsthA ke prati AdarabhAva rakhane ke bAvajUda bhI, Aja kA prabuddha varga vartamAna sAdhu-samAja kI uparokta donoM pravRttiyoM para kAphI kSubdha hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki jaina paramparA ke vartamAna sAdhuoM meM ina pravRttiyoM se pUrNataH virata saMghanAyaka AcArya viralA hI hogaa| yaha to acchA hI hai ki bhArata dharmanirapekSa gaNarAjya hai, ataH yaha sabhI dharmoM kI pragati ke prati udAravRtti rakhatA hai| ataH isa vRtti kA lAbha anyoM ke samAna jaina saMghanAyaka bhI leM
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________________ 76 paM0 jagamohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [khaNDa aura dhArmika pragati ke zreyobhAgI vana, yaha kSoma-jaso bAta to nahIM honI cAhiye / vibhinna paMcakalyANaka mahotsava, gommaTagiri-jaise tIrtha sthala nirmANa, gommaTezvara sahasrAbdi samAroha, paccIsa sauvAM mahAvIra nirvANotsava ke samAna agaNita dharma-prabhAvaka kAryo ke liye zAsana kI udAratA evaM sahayoga isI pravRtti ke pratiphala hai| inheM mAtra kSudrasvArtha yA jhUThI zoharata nahIM mAnanA cAhiye / ' hAM, yadi saMghanAyakoM meM yahI pravRtti pramukha ho jAve, to samAja ke prabuddha zrAvaka varga ko isakA niyamana karane meM hicaka nahIM honI cAhiye / sambhavataH abhI AlocanA kA yuga hI AyA hai| AvazyakatA niyamana ke yuga kI hai| rAjya, rAjA, zreSThI Adi samAja hitaiSI baneM, isa dRSTi se saMghanAyaka kA unase saMparka-sahayoga ThIka hai| isI AdhAra para sAdhu, anuSTi rUpa meM, unake yahA~ niyamAnukUla azana-pAna kare, yaha bhI autsargika rUpa meM lenA cAhiye / ve bhI pUro samAja ke hI eka aMga haiM / sAdhu-AcAra ke niyama una para bhI lAgU hote hai| sAdhu ke AvAsa ke sambandha meM grAma yA nagara meM nivAsa kI jo samaya sImA hai, vaha aba vicAraNIya ho gaI hai| yadi bhAratIya AMkar3oM kA samucita avalokana kiyA jAve, to patA calatA hai ki bhArata ke ausata 80 pratizata gA~voM kI AbAdI Aja bhI 500 se 1000 ke bIca AtI hai| isa AdhAra para bhArata ke kucha nagara nimna AvAsa sImA meM AyeMge ( gA~va kI abAdI 1000) / eka lAkha kI AbAdI vAle nagaroM meM bhI sAdhu 2-3 varSa taka eka-sAtha nagara ausata janasaMkhyA grAma-samakakSatA AvAsa-sImA dillI 60 lAkha 17 varSa indaura 20 lAkha 2000 kalakattA 90 lAkha 27 varSa bambaI 80 lAkha 8000 20 varSa madrAsa 20 lAkha 2000 6 varSa AvAsa kara sakatA hai| yaha parikalana atiraMjita lagatA hai para Aja sambhava nahIM ki dillI jaise nagara ko pAMca dina ke dharma lAma kI sImA meM bAMdha diyA jAve / vartamAna saMghanAyakoM ko isa viSaya meM naI dizA kA nirdeza denA caahiye| 6 varSa kSetroM yA gAMvoM ke AvAsakAla meM nitya kriyAoM ke liye vizeSa jaTilatA nahIM AtI, para nagaroM meM eka samasyA bana gaI hai| digambara sAdhuoM meM isa prazna para carcA kama hai para zvetAbara saMprAdAya meM abhI bhI yaha pramna jvalata banA huA hai ki phlaza sisTama kA upayoga kiyA jAya yA nahIM? abhI pUnA meM hue sammelana meM isa viSaya meM sva-viveka ke upayoga se nidoSa sthiti kA anusaraNa kA gvAharavAM prastAva pAsa kiyA gayA hai| isameM sva-vibeka zabda saMghanAyakoM kI aspaSTa dizA kA sUcaka hai| phlaza laMTarIna ke upayoga kI parokSa svIkRti svaviveka meM hai, para pratyakSa svIkRti dene meM hAni kyA hai ? nagarIya AvAsoM meM sAdhu ke lie isa suvidhA ko sArvajanika svIkRti honI cAhiye / isase aneka sAdhu-AvAsoM kI jo azucitA samAcAra patroM kA viSaya bana rahI hai, vaha dUra ho jAvego / jIvanarakSI kAryoM meM hiMsAahiMsA kA prazna bhI mahatvapUrNa nahIM mAnA jAnA caahiye| sAdhu kA AhAra jana paraMparA meM sAdhu do prakAra se AhAra grahaNa karatA hai| (i) pANipAtra ( ii ) a-pANipAtra yA mikSApAtra / eka paraMparA meM sAdhu ghara-ghara bhikSA grahaNa kara apane AvAsa meM AhAra grahaNa karatA hai| anya paramparA meM vizeSa prakriyA ke pUrNa hone para eka hI ghara meM AhAra-grahaNa karatA hai / yadyapi sAdhu ko anuddiSTa mojI honA cAhiye, para yaha zabda Adarza hI hai, vyavahAra nhiiN| jina zrAvakoM ke mana meM sAdhu ke AhAra- dAna kI ruci hotI hai, vaha pahale se usI ke anurUpa tayArI karatA hai| ataH vartamAna sAdhu pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se uddiSTa bhojI hI rahatA
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________________ 2] jaina sAdhu aura bIsavIM sadI 77 hai| hAM, mikSA-pAtrI paramparA meM yaha doSa kucha kama hai kyoMki na jAne sAdhu kaba kisa zrAvaka ke ghara bhikSAhetu pahu~ca jAve / yaha jAnate hue bhI isa Adarza ke bane rahane meM koI vizeSa Apatti nahIM hai| sAdhu ke AhAra ke liye aneka doSa aura antarAyoM ke nirAkaraNa kA vidhAna hai| ve saba uddiSTa bhojana kI prakriyA ke prarUpa hai| isa virodhAbhAsa ko dUra karane kA yatna honA caahiye| sAdha ke liye mUlAcAra" aura AcArAMga meM eka svara se kacce phala, zAka, kandamUla Adi khAne kA niSedha karate hue pake yA agnipakva tathA a-cittIkRta khAdyoM ke AhAra kA ullekha hai / para samaya ke parivartana evaM aneka naye khAdya aura unase saMbaMdhita jJAna ke kAraNa uparokta Agamika saMketoM meM kAphI saMkoca huA hai| inapara zrI amara muni'2 anila kumAra jaina, muni naMdighoSa vijaya, lalavAnI tathA anya vidvAn lekhakoM ne carcA kI hai| vaijJAnika matAnusAra bekTIriyA-janita sabhI padArtha abhakSya hone cAhiye-dahI, taka, sirakA, jalebI Adi sabhI.amakSya haiM / para aThapaharA ghI, amuka samaya-somA kA dahI Adi kI bhakSyatA kA kucha loga samarthana karate haiN| jaba aura kucha nahIM banatA, to svAsthya vijJAna kI bhI carcA karate haiM / calitarasa ke sAtha kandamUla kA prazna bhI ananta kAyika jIva-dhAraNA ke AdhAra para AyA hai| aneka vidvAn kandamUla kI amakSyatA svIkAra nahIM karate, hamAre lehya aura svAdya ghaTaka kA adhikAMza kandamUla hI hai / bahubIjaka kI paribhASA svaicchika hai| AhAra kA prazna jIvana aura usake cAritra yA pravRtti se saMbaMdhita hai| madhyayugIna chadmasthoM ne apane ajJAna ko hamAre viveka para hAvI kara diyaa| isa viSaya ko vaijJAnika AdhAra dekara spaSTa saMketa Aja kI AvazyakatA hai| sAdhu-saMsthA ke aneka AlocakoM ne isa viSaya meM mauna rakhA hai, kyoMki isa pratyakSa viSaya meM naI paramparA ko pratiSThA anivArya bana gaI hai| isake bAvajUda bhI, isa tathya se koI inkAra na karegA ki sAdhu kA AhAra sAtvika evaM jIvanapoSI honA cAhiye / sAdhu ke anya kartavya AvAsa evaM AhAra kI mUlabhUta evaM jIvanadhAraka kriyAoM ke atirikta sAdhu kA pramukha kartavya svAdhyAya dvArA jJAna-pravAha ko anavarata banAye rakhanA tathA dhyAna ke vividha rUpoM dvArA antaHzakti kA carama vikAsa karanA hai / sAdhu kA adhikAMza jAgRta samaya inhIM yA inase sambandhita kriyAoM meM bItatA hai| sAdhu kyA, svAdhyAya to sabhI ke liye Avazyaka hai| isase prAcIna jJAna kA pravAha calatA hai, prajJA jAgatI hai, antaHkSamatA bar3hatI hai| mahAvIra ke yuga meM svAdhyAya Atmadarzana kA nAma thA, vyaktigata adhyayana kI prakriyA thI, saMgha ke jAgarita rahane kA prakrama thaa| isa yuga meM guru-ziSya paraMparA se hI svAdhyAya ke mAdhyama se smaraNazakti kI tIkSNatA evaM dvAdazAMgI kI aviratatA saMbhava thii| bAraha aMga aura caudaha pUrvo kA jJAna smRtidhArA se pravAhita hotA thA / AcArya kA mahatva AcAravattA se to thA hI, jina vANI ke mahArNava ke rUpa meM bhI thaa| usa samaya likhita zAstra nahIM the, grantha nahIM the / AcAryoM aura sAdhuoM kA uttama saMhanana, vidyA, bala aura buddhi hI sAre AgamoM ke srota the / __ samaya badalA, manuSyoM ke saMhanana, bala aura buddhi meM kamI aayii| zAstra lipibaddha kiye gaye / kisI ne kama kiye, kisI ne jyAdA, kisI ne apanI smaraNazakti para hI bharosA rakhA, para acAnaka hI vismRti hotI rhii| aba svAdhyAya smRti yA paraMparA para kama, zAstroM para adhika AdhArita ho gyaa| zAstra svAdhyAya ke abhinna aMga bana gaye / isaliye svAdhyAya se zAstra yA Agama ke samAna prAmANika granthoM ke adhyayana kA artha svayameva svIkRta ho gyaa| dhyAna ke prabhAva se smRti tIbratA kA guNa apekSita thA, para vaha bhI nahIM rhaa| phalataH svAdhyAya ke liye zAstra Avazyaka ho gye| saMgha ke sAtha zAstra-parigraha judd'aa| yadi zAstrIya carcA ke sandarbha meM kahA jAve, to dvAdazAMgI ke padoM kA pramANa eka araba teisa karor3a se adhika hotA hai| isa AdhAra para Aja ke 300 akSara prati peja ke hisAba se lagabhaga
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________________ 78 paM0 jaumohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda grantha [ khaNDa 500 peja kI tIna sau pustakoM ke samakakSa akelI dvAdazAMgI baiThatI hai / Aja upalabdha ekAdazAMgI to isakA mAtra 3. 3% hI baiThatI hai / itanA zAstra parigraha saMgha meM rahe, to Apattijanaka nahIM mAnA jAnA cAhiye / hA~, jahA~ saMgha laMbe samaya taka ke liye rukane vAlA ho, vahA~ usake svAdhyAya ke liye acchA pustakAlaya avazya honA cAhiye / meM yA svAdhyAya kA eka lakSya jahA~ apanI prajJA ko vikasita karanA hai, vahIM ziSyoM aura zrAvakoM ko bhI prajJAvAn banAnA hai / unakI prajJA kA saMvardhana janabhASA se hI ho sakatA hai| mahAvIra ne apane yuga meM bhI aisA hI kiyA thA / isaliye zAstroM ke svAdhyAya kI pravRtti ko pallavita karane ke liye sAdhuoM ko svayaM evaM vidvAnoM ke sahayoga se janamASAntaraNa evaM jJAna ke naye kSitijoM ke samAharaNa kA kArya bhI karanA Avazyaka ho gayA hai / prAcIna yuga madhyakAla meM isa kArya kA mahatva utanA na mI AMkA gayA ho, para Aja yaha anivArya hai / isa kArya hetu samucita suvidhAoM kA suyoga sAdhutva ko baDhAne meM hI sahAyaka hogA / zAstra evaM suvidhA kA yaha parigraha paraMparAvAdiyoM ke liye parezAna karatA hai, para samayajJoM ke liye yaha anivArya-sA pratIta hotA hai / kyA hama nahIM cAhate ki hamArA saMghanAyaka parA aura aparA vidyAoM meM niSNAta na ho ? kyA hama nahIM cAhate ki hamArA sAdhu vidyAnuvAda, prANAvAya, ( Ayurveda, mantra-tantra vidyAdi ), lokavindusAra ( gaNita vidyA), kriyAvizAla ( kAvya evaM AjIvikA ke yogya kalAyeM ), prathamAnuyoga, Atma evaM karmapravAda Adi kA samyag jJAtA ho ? zAstroM kA Adeza hai ki ina vidyAoM kA upayoga svayaM ke AhAra pAne yA AjIvikA ke liye na kiyA jAve, para lokopakAra ke liye aisA karanA kahA~ varjita hai ? madhyakAla kI jaTila paristhitiyoM ko dekhate hue jaina AcAryoM ne aneka laukika vidhiyoM kA apane AcAra-vicAra meM samAharaNa kiyA / isI se ve mahAvIra tIrthaM kI rakSA kara sake mAnatuMga, samantabhadra yA akalaMka ko dharmaM prabhAvanA hetu hI apanI vidyAyeM pradarzita karanI pdd'iiN| yaha sacamuca hI kheda kI bAta hogI yadi bIsavIM sadI ke AcArya apanI ina svAdhyAya- prApta vidyAoM evaM antaHzakti kA upayoga pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se svayaM ke bhautika hita meM kreN| aise saMsakta sAdhuoM se sAdhu-saMsthA garimAhIna ho jAvegI / satcAritrI zrAvaka hI sAdhu-saMsthA ko aise doSoM se ubAra sakatA hai / ina doSoM se sAdha ayathArtha hotA hai, apratiSThita ho sakatA hai | / prAcIna jaina zAstroM ke svAdhyAya se jJAta hotA hai ki jaina padmAvatI, kSetrapAla Adi zAsana-devatAoM ko AzAghara taka ke yuga meM, pUjanIya nahIM mAnate the / isI prakAra, maTTAraka pada mI, jo prAraMbha meM gharmasaMrakSaNa hetu astitva meM AyA, terahavIM sadI meM sammAnita nahIM mAnA gayA, 19 Aja AcArya pAlita ho rahA hai| kucha bhaTTArakoM ke darzana bhI sAmAnya avasthA meM durlabha hai / ina donoM paraMparAoM kI mAnyatA Aja puna vardhamAna hai / saMddhAntikataH yaha sahI nahIM hai, para isa viSaya meM matabheda bhI itane ki hamAre saMghanAyaka bhI isa viSaya meM mauna hai| yadi svAdhyAya hameM mUla siddhAntoM kI rakSA kA bala nahIM detA, to ise acaraja hI mAnA jAnA cAhiye / sAdhu aura bIsavIM sadI pichale bIsavIM sadI kA uttarArdhaM jaina sAdhuoM kI pratiSThA ke liye kaThora parIkSA kA samaya pramANita ho rahA hai / hamane 'kucha prakaraNoM meM bIsavIM sadI ke aneka samasyAtmaka prakaraNoM se sAdhu-saMsthA ke prabhAvita hone kI carcA kI hai / ina prakaraNoM kA sAmayika nirdezaka samAdhAna prabuddha varga kI dRSTi meM sAdhuoM ke prati sammAna lAyegA / lekina kucha aise bhI prakaraNa bhI haiM jinheM niyaMtrita karanA atyanta Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai / inakI ora aneka vidvAnoM evaM patrakAroM ne dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA hai / hamArI AzA hai ki hamArA saMghanAyaka varga ina samasyAoM kA sahI samAdhAna kara sAdhu-saMsthA ke prati vardhamAna anAsthA ko dUra karane meM sahAyaka hogA /
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________________ 2] vibhinna srotoM se bIsavIM sadI kI sAdhu saMsthA meM nimna samasyAyeM sAmane AI haiM : / (i) sAdhuoM kI tathA AcAryoM ko saMkhyA dinoM dina bar3ha rahI hai / yaha acchI bAta thI, yadi inakI sAdhutA, prajJA evaM AcAravattA Adarza hotI / para dekhA gayA hai ki inake binA bhI Aja sAdhutva evaM AcAryatva mila rahA hai| anuzAsana evaM mUlabhUta tatvoM kI upekSA ho rahI hai IrSyA evaM pratibhAvattA naye-naye saMghoM ko janma de rahe haiM / sAdhanA evaM Atma-vikAsa ke patha meM rAjanItika siddhAntoM kA pallavana ho rahA hai / bAla-dIkSAyeM dI jA rahI hai| isa sthiti para pUrNataH aMkuza laganA cAhiye / praur3ha athavA buddhi anubhava paripakvatA dIkSA kI anivArya zarta honA cAhiye / Agamika aura Adhunika adhyayana evaM AcAra kA gahana abhyAsa bhI Avazyaka mAnA jAnA cAhiye / jaina sAdhu aura bIsavIM sadI 79 (ii) sAdhu evaM AcArya nita naI saMsthAyeM banAte jA rahe haiM / isakA uddezya dharma aura naitikatA kA sAhityika evaM sAMskRtika dharAtala se prasAraNa mAnA jAtA hai / ina saMsthAoM ke kriyAkalApa, kucha apavAdoM ko chor3akara, uddezyoM ke pUraka siddha nahIM hote| ye svAvalambI banane ke pUrva hI simaTane lagatI haiM aura TimaTimAne ke sivA inakA prakAza vikirita nahIM ho pAtA / digambara samAja meM aneka saMsthAyeM prArambha huIM para unameM koI jIvanta hai, aisA nahIM lagatA / hA~, vidvAnoM ke dvArA sthApita kucha saMsthAyeM avazya kamIkabhI apanI camaka dikhAtI haiM / zvetAmbara paramparA meM sAdhu-jana sthApita aneka saMsthAyeM jovanta kAma kara rahI haiM / ye digambaroM ke liye preraka bana sakatI haiM / yaha sAmAnya siddhAnta honA cAhiye ki kevala svAvalambana para AdhArita saMsthAyeM hI kholI jAveM aura unameM kama-se-kama eka yogya evaM jIvanadAnI ke samAna pUrNakAlika vidvAn yA vyavasthApaka avazya rakhA jAve / Aja kriyAzIla saMsthAoM kI AvazyakatA hai / yaha aura mo acchA hai ki vidyamAna saMsthAoM koM hI sakriya jIvanadAna diyA jAve / (iii) sAdhu evaM AcAryoM ke adhyayana-adhyApana ke liye, lekhana tathA prakAzana kAryoM ke liye vetanabhogI karmacArI rakhe jAte haiM / bIsavIM sadI meM ise Apatti yA samasyA nahIM mAnanA cAhiye aura na ise parigraha yA saMsakti kA rUpa mAnanA cAhiye / svAdhyAya evaM jJAna -prasAra sAdhu kA anivArya kartavya hai / sAdhu na kevala Atmadharmo hI hotA hai, vaha saMgha-dharmI evaM samAjagharmI bhI hotA hai| naitika vikAsa kI udAtta dhArAoM kA prakAzana aura prasAraNa, etadarthaM mahattvapUrNa hotA hai / (iv) sAdhu evaM saMghanAyaka sAmayika sAmAjika evaM dhArmika samasyAoM ke samAdhAna kI dizA meM upekSAbhAva rakhate haiM / udAharaNArtha, vartamAna jaTila paristhitiyoM meM tathA dharma pracAra hetu padayAtrA ke sAtha-sAtha zIghragAmI vAhanoM kA upayoga eka jvalanta prazna hai / kucha jaina sAdhuoM ne isa dizA meM netRtva diyA hai para sAdhu-saMgha kA bahubhAga isa prazna para mauna hai| kahIM sAdhu aura zrAvakoM ke madhyavartI eka nayI sAdhaka zreNI kA gaThana ho rahA hai jo yAnoM kA upayoga kara sakatI hai| isa viSaya meM kucha cheda mArga nirdiSTa hone cAhiye / jaina zAstroM evaM granthoM ke bhautika jagat sambandhI aneka kathana vaijJAnika jJAna ke pariprekSya meM asaMgata pratIta hone lage haiM / unheM susaMgata banAnA bhI eka mahattvapUrNa kArya dizA hai| vastutaH amara muni 14 ne to yaha sujhAva hI diyA hai ki dhArmika mAnaka granthoM meM Atma-vikAsa kI prakriyA ke atirikta anya carcAoM ko sthAna nahIM hai| ataeva ina granthoM ke saMzodhana kI AvazyakatA hai| jina tattvoM meM visaMvAda kI saMbhAvanA mI ho, ve Atma zAstra ke aMga nahIM mAne jA skte| isa mata para sAdhu-saMghoM ko gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra karanA cAhiye /
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________________ 80 paM. jagamohanalAla zAstrI sAdhuvAda pranya [khaNDa (v) aisA pratIta hotA hai ki bIsavIM sadI kA sAdhu varga mahAvIra yuga ke AdarzavAda aura vIsavIM sadI ke vaijJAnika udAravAda ke madhya bauddhika dRSTi se Andolita hai| vaha anekAnta kA upayoga kara donoM pakSoM ke guNa-doSoM para vicAra kara tathA aitihAsika mUlyAMkana se kucha nirNaya nahIM letA dikhtaa| madhu sena' ne madhyakAla kI jaTila sthitiyoM meM nizItha cUrNikAroM ke dvArA mUla siddhAntoM kI rakSA karate hue jo sAmayika saMzodhana evaM samAharaNa kiye haiM, inakA vivaraNa diyA hai| ise eka hajAra varSa se adhika ho cuke haiN| samaya ke nikaSa para jaina sAdhu ke vyavahAroM va AcAroM ko kasane kA avasara punaH upasthita hai| sAdhavarga se mArga nirdezana kI tIbra apekSA hai| nirdeza 1. madhu, sena; e kalcaraka sTaDI Ava nizItha cUNi, pAzva0 vidyAzrama, kAzI, 1975, teja 277-290 / 2. muni, Adarza RSi; badalate hue yuga meM sAdhu samAja, amara bhAratI, 24, 6, 1987 peja 32 / 3. sAdhvI, caMdanAzrI ( anu0 ); uttarAdhyayana, sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 1972, peja 145 / 4. vahI, peja 467 / 5. AcArya vaTTakera; mUlAcAra-1, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1984, peja 5 / 6. AcArya kuMdakuMda; aSTa pAhuDa-bAritra prAbhUta, mahAvIra jaina saMsthAna, mahAvIra jI, 1967 peja 77 : 7. AcArya vidyAnaMda; tIrthakara, 17,3-4, 1987 peja 19 / 8. somaNyamala jaina; amara bhAratI, 24, 6, 1987 peja 72 / 9. dekhiye nirdeza, 7 peja 6 / / 10. upAdhyAya, amara muni; amara bhAratI, 24, 9, 1987 peja 8 / 11. AcArya vaTTakera; mUlAcAra-2, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI, 1986 peja 68 / 12. upAdhyAya amara muni; 'paNNA samikkhae dhamma-2', vIrAyatana, rAjagira, 1987 peja 100 / 13. paMDita AzAdhara; anagAra dharmAmRta, bhA0 jJAnapITha, dillI, 1977, bhU0 peja 36 / 14. dekhiye nirdeza 12 peja 16 / siddha puruSa purAtatvajJa ke samAna hotA hai jo yugoM-yugoM se dhUli-dhUsarita purAne dharma-kUpa ko karma-dhUli ko dUra kara letA hai / isake viparyAsa meM, avatAra, ahaMta yA tIrthakara eka iMjIniyara ke samAna hotA hai jo jahAM pahale dharmakUpa nahIM thA, vahAM nayA kUpa khodatA hai / saMtapuruSa unheM hI muktipatha pradarzita karate haiM, jinameM karuNA pracchanna hotI hai para arhata unheM bhI muktipatha pradarzita karate haiM jinakA hRdaya registAna ke samAna sUkhA evaM snehavihIna hotA hai| -robarTa krosbI