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________________ jaina sAdhanA meM dhyAna bhAratIya adhyAtmavAdI paramparA meM dhyAna-sAdhanA kA astitva sAtha-sAtha jaina aura bauddha paramparAoM meM mila jAte haiN| ati prAcInakAla se hI rahA hai| yahAM taka ki ati prAcIna nagara mohanajodar3o aura har3appA se khudAI meM, jo sIleM Adi upalabdha huI haiM, jaina dharma aura dhyAna unameM bhI dhyAnamudrA meM yogiyoM ke aMkana pAye jAte haiN| isa prakAra zramaNa paramparA kI nirgranthadhArA, jo Aja jaina paramparA ke nAma aitihAsika adhyayana ke jo bhI prAcInatama srota hameM upalabdha haiM, ve sabhI se jAnI jAtI hai, apane astitva kAla se dhyAna sAdhanA se jur3I huI bhArata meM dhyAna kI paramparA ke ati prAcInakAla se pracalita hone kI hai| prAkRta sAhitya ke prAcInatama graMthoM AcArAMga uttarAdhyayana, RSibhASita puSTi karate haiM unase yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki bhArata meM dhyAnamArga kI (isibhAsiyAI) meM to spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki zarIra meM jo sthAna paramparA prAcIna hai aura use sadaiva hI AdarapUrNa sthAna prApta rahA hai| mastiSka kA hai, sAdhanA meM vahI sthAna dhyAna kA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM zramaNa jIvana kI dinacaryA kA vivaraNa prastuta karate hue kahA gayA hai ki zramaNadhArA aura dhyAna pratyeka zramaNasAdhaka ko dina aura rAtri ke dUsare prahara meM niyamita rUpa se aupaniSadika aura usakI sahavartI zramaNa paramparAoM meM sAdhanA dhyAna karanA caahie| Aja bhI jaina zramaNa ko nidrAtyAga ke pazcAt, kI dRSTi se dhyAna kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai| aupaniSadika RSigaNa bhikSAcaryA evaM padayAtrA se lauTane para gamanAgamana evaM malamutra Adi ke aura zramaNa-sAdhaka apanI dainika jIvanacaryA meM dhyAna-sAdhanA ko sthAna visarjana ke pazcAt tathA prAta:kAlIna aura sAyaMkAlIna pratikramaNa karate dete rahe haiM- yaha eka nirvivAda tathya hai| tAntrika sAdhanA meM dhyAna ko jo samaya dhyAna karanA hotA hai| usake AcAra aura upAsanA ke sAtha sthAna milA hai, vaha mUlata: isI zramaNadhArA kI dena hai| mahAvIra aura buddha kadama-kadama para dhyAna kI prakriyA jur3I huI hai| ke pUrva bhI aneka aise zramaNa sAdhaka the, jo dhyAna-sAdhanA kI viziSTa jaina paramparA meM dhyAna kA kitanA mahattva haiM- isakA sabase bar3A vidhiyoM ke na kevala jJAtA the, apitu apane sAnidhya meM aneka sAdhakoM pramANa to yaha hai ki jaina tIrthakaroM kI pratimAyeM cAhe ve khaDgAsana meM ho ko una dhyAna-sAdhanA kI vidhiyoM kA abhyAsa bhI karavAte the| ina yA padmAsana meM sadaiva hI dhyAnamudrA meM upalabdha hotI haiN| Aja taka koI AcAryoM kI dhyAna-sAdhanA kI apanI-apanI viziSTa vidhiyA~ thIM, aise bhI jina-pratimA dhyAna-mudrA ke atirikta kisI bhI anya mudrA meM upalabdha saMketa bhI milate haiN| buddha apane sAdhanAkAla meM aise hI eka dhyAnasAdhaka hI nahIM huI hai| yadyapi tIrthaMkara yA jina-pratimAoM ke atirikta buddha kI zramaNa AcArya rAmaputta ke pAsa svayaM dhyAna-sAdhanA ke abhyAsa ke lie bhI kucha pratimAyeM dhyAnamudrA meM upalabdha huI haiM kintu buddha kI adhikAMza gaye the| rAmapatta ke saMbaMdha meM tripiTaka sAhitya meM yaha bhI ullekha milatA pratimAyeM to dhyAnetara mudrAoM- yathA abhayamudrA, varadamudrA aura upadezamudrA hai ki svayaM bhagavAn buddha jJAna prApti ke pazcAt bhI apanI sAdhanA kI meM hI milatI haiN| isI prakAra ziva kI kucha pratimAyeM bhI ghyAnamudrA meM upalabdhiyoM ko batAne hetu unase milane ke lie utsuka the, kintu taba milatI haiM- kintu nRtyamudrA Adi meM bhI ziva-pratimAyeM vipula parimANa taka unakI mRtyu ho cukI thii|2 inhI rAmaputta kA ullekha jaina Agama meM upalabdha hotI haiN| isa prakAra jahAM anya paramparAoM meM apane ArAdhya sAhitya meM bhI AtA hai| prAkRta AgamoM meM sUtrakRtAMga meM unake nAma ke devoM kI pratimAyeM dhyAnetara mudrAoM meM bhI banatI rahIM, vahAM tIrthaMkara yA nirdeza ke atirikta antakRddazA RSibhASita5 Adi meM to unase jinapratimAyeM mAtra dhyAnamudrA meM bhI banatI rhiiN| jinapratimAoM ke nirmANa saMbaMdhita svataMtra adhyAya bhI rahe the durbhAgya se antakRddazA kA vaha kA do sahastra varSa kA itihAsa isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki kabhI bhI koI adhyAya to Aja lupta ho cukA hai, kintu RSibhASita meM unake bhI jina-pratimA/tIrthaMkara pratimA dhyAna-mudrA ke atirikta kisI anya upadezoM kA saMkalana Aja bhI upalabdha hai| mudrA meM nahIM banAI gyii| isase jaina paramparA meM dhyAna kA kyA sthAna rahA buddha aura mahAvIra ko jJAna kA jo prakAza upalabdha huA vaha hai- yaha suspaSTa ho jAtA hai| jainAcAryoM ne dhyAna ko sAdhanA kA mastiSka unakI dhyAna-sAdhanA kA pariNAma hI thA, isameM Aja kisI prakAra kA mAnA hai| jisa prakAra mastiSka ke niSkriya ho jAne para mAnava jIvana kA vaimatya nahIM hai| kintu hamArA yaha durbhAgya hai ki prAcIna sAhitya meM bhI koI artha nahIM raha jAtA hai usI prakAra dhyAna ke abhAva meM jaina sAdhanA dhyAna-sAdhanA kI ina paddhatiyoM ke vistRta vivaraNa Aja upalabdha nahIM ko koI artha nahI raha jAtA haiN| haiM, mAtra yatra-tatra vikIrNa nirdeza hI hameM milate haiN| phira bhI jo sUcanAyeM upalabdha haiM, unake AdhAra para itanA to kahA hI jA sakatA hai ki ghyAna-sAdhanA kI AvazyakatA aupaniSadika RSigaNa aura zramaNa sAdhaka apane AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke mAnava mana svabhAvata: caMcala mAnA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM lie dhyAna-sAdhanA kI vibhinna paddhatiyoM kA anusaraNa karate the| unakI mana ko duSTa azva kI saMjJA dI gaI hai, jo kumArga meM bhAgatA hai|10 gItA dhyAna-sAdhanA paddhatiyoM ke kucha avazeSa Aja bhI hameM yoga paramparA ke meM mana ko caMcala batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki usako nigRhIta karanA vAyu
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________________ ko kAnayoga (UDHzaktimA jaina sAdhanA meM dhyAna 463 ko rokane ke samAna ati kaThina hai|11 caMcala mana meM vikalpa uThate rahate prathamata: mAnava mana kI gatizIlatA ko niyaMtrita kara usakI haiM- inhI vikalpoM ke kAraNa caitasika AkulatA yA azAnti kA janma gati kI dizA badalanI hotI hai| jJAna yA vivekarUpI lagAma ke dvArA usa hotA hai| yaha AkulatA hI cetanA meM udvignatA yA tanAva kI upasthiti mana rUpI duSTa azva ko kumArga se sanmArga kI dizA meM mor3A jAtA hai| kI sUcaka hai, citta kI yaha udvigna yA tanAvapUrNa sthiti hI asamAdhi yA isase usakI sakriyatA ekAeka samApta to nahIM hotI, kintu usakI duHkha hai| isI caitasika pIr3A yA duHkha se vimukti pAnA samagra AdhyAtmika dizA badala jAtI hai, dhyAna meM bhI yahI karanA hotA hai| dhyAna meM sarvaprathama sAdhanA-paddhatiyoM kA mUlabhUta lakSya hai| ise hI nirvANa yA mukti kahA mana ko vAsanA rUpI vikalpoM se mor3akara dharma-cintana meM lagAyA jAtA gayA hai| hai| anta meM eka aisI sthiti A jAtI hai jaba mana pUrNataH niSkriya ho, manuSya meM duHkha-vimukti kI bhAvanA sadaiva hI rahI hai| yaha usakI bhAgadaur3a samApta ho jAtI hai| aisA mana, mana na rahakara 'amana' ho svAbhAvika hai, Aropita nahIM hai| kyoMki koI bhI vyakti tanAva yA jAtA hai| mana ho 'amana' banA denA hI dhyAna hai| udvignatA kI sthiti meM jInA nahIM cAhatA hai| udvignatA cetanA kI isa prakAra caitasika tanAvoM yA vikSobhoM ko samApta karane ke vibhAvadazA hai| vibhAvadazA se svabhAva meM lauTanA hI sAdhanA hai| pUrva yA lie athavA nirvikalpa aura zAnta citta-dazA kI upalabdhi ke lie pazcima kI sabhI adhyAtmapradhAna sAdhanA-vidhiyoM kA lakSya yahI rahA hai ki dhyAna-sAdhanA Avazyaka hai| usake dvArA saMkalpa-vikalpoM meM vibhakta citta citta ko AkulatA, udvignatA yA tanAvoM se mukta karake, use nirAkula, ko kendrita kiyA jAtA hai| vividha vAsanAoM AkAMkSAoM aura icchAoM anudvignatA yA tanAvoM se mukta karake, use nirAkula, anudvigna cittadazA ke kAraNa cetanA-zakti aneka rUpI meM vikhaNDita hokara svata: meM hI yA samAdhibhAva meM sthita kiyA jaaye| isaliye sAdhanA-vidhiyoM kA lakSya saMgharSazIla ho jAtI hai|15 usa zakti kA yaha bikharAva hI hamArA nirvikAra aura nirvikalpa samatAyukta citta kI upalabdhi hI hai ise hI AdhyAtmika patana hai| dhyAna isa caitasika vighaTana ko samApta kara cetanA samAdhi-sAmAyika (prAkRta-samAhi) kahA gayA hai| dhyAna isI samAdhi yA ko kendrita karatA hai| cUMki vaha vighaTita cetanA ko saMgaThita karatA hai nirvikalpa citta kI upalabdhi kA abhyAsa hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki ve sabhI isalie vaha yoga (Unifications) hai| dhyAna cetanA ke saMgaThana kI sAdhanA-paddhatiyA~ jo vyakti ko ko anudvigna, nirAkula, nirvikAra aura kalA hai| saMgaThita cetanA hI zaktisrota haiM, isIlie yaha mAnA jAtA hai nirvikalpa yA dUsare zabdoM meM samatvayukta banAnA cAhatI haiM, dhyAna ko ki dhyAna se aneka Atmika labdhiyoM yA siddhiyA~ prApta hotI haiN| apanI sAdhanA meM avazya sthAna detI haiN| cittadhArA jaba vAsanAoM, AkAkSAoM, ke mArga se bahatI hai to vaha vAsanAoM, AkAMkSAoM icchAoM kI svAbhAvika bahuvidhatA ke dhyAna kA svarUpa evaM prakriyA kAraNa aneka dhArAoM meM vibhakta hokara nirbala ho jAtI hai| dhyAna ina jainAcAryoM ne dhyAna ko 'cittanirodha' kahA hai|12 citta kA vibhakta evaM nirbala cittadhArA eka dizA meM mor3ane kA prayAsa hai| jaba nirodha ho jAnA dhyAna hai| dUsare zabdoM meM yaha mana kI caMcalatA ko dhyAna kI sAdhanA yA abhyAsa se cittadhArAoM ko eka dizA meM bahane samApta karane kA abhyAsa hai| jaba dhyAna siddha ho jAtA hai to citta kI lagatI hai, to na kevala vaha sabala hotI hai, apitu niyaMtrita hone se caMcalatA svata: hI samApta ho jAtI hai| yogadarzana meM 'yoga' ko paribhASita usakI dizA bhI samyak hotI hai| jisa prakAra bAMdha vikIrNa jaladhArAoM karate hue bhI kahA gayA hai ki cittavRtti kA nirodha dhyAna se hI sambhava ko ekatrita kara unheM sabala aura suniyojita karatA hai| jisa prakAra bAMdha hai| ata: dhyAna ko sAdhanA kA Avazyaka aMga mAnA gayA hai| dvArA suniyojita jala-zakti kA samyak upayoga sambhava ho pAtA hai usI gItA meM mana kI caMcalatA ke nirodha ko vAyu ko rokane ke prakAra dhyAna dvArA suniyojita cetanazakti kA samyak upayoga sambhava hai| samAna ati kaThina mAnA gayA hai|13 usameM usake nirodha ke do upAya saMkSepa meM Atmazakti ke kendrIkaraNa evaM use samyak dizA meM batAye gaye haiM- 1. abhyAsa, 2. vairaagy| uttarAdhyayana meM mana rUpI duSTa niyojita karane ke lie dhyAna-sAdhanA Avazyaka hai| vaha citta vRttiyoM azva ko nigRhIta karane ke lie zruta rUpI rassiyoM kA prayoga Avazyaka kI nirarthaka bhAgadaur3a ko samApta kara hameM mAnasika vikSobhoM evaM vikAroM batAyA gayA hai|14 caMcala citta kI saMkalpa-vikalpAtmaka taraMgeM yA se mukta rakhatA hai| pariNAmata: vaha AdhyAtmika zAnti aura nirvikalpa vAsanAjanya Avega sahaja hI samApta nahIM ho jAte haiN| pahale unakI bhAga- citta kI upalabdhi kA anyatama sAdhana hai| daur3a ko samApta karanA hotA hai| kintu yaha vAsanonmukha sakriya-mana yA vikSobhita citta nirodha ke saMkalpa mAtra se niyantrita nahIM ho pAtA hai| puna: dhyAna ke pAramparika lAbha yadi use balAt rokane kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai to vaha adhika vikSubdha dhyAnazataka (jhANAjjhayana) meM dhyAna se hone vAle pAramparika hokara munaSya ko pAgalapana ke kagAra para pahu~cA detA hai, jaise tIvra gati evaM vyAvahArika lAbhoM kI vistRta carcA haiN| usameM kahA gayA haiM ki dharma se calate hue vAhana ko yakAyaka rokane kA prayatna bhayaMkara durghaTanA kA dhyAna se zubhAsrava, saMvara, nirjarA aura devaloka ke sukha prApta hote haiN| hI kAraNa banatA hai, usI prakAra citta kI caMcalatA kA ekAeka nirodha zukla dhyAna ke bhI prathama do caraNoM kA pariNAma zubhAsrava evaM anuttara vikSiptatA kA kAraNa banatA hai| devaloka ke sukha haiM, jabaki zukla dhyAna ke antima do caraNoM kA phala
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________________ 464 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 mokSa yA nirvANa hai| yahAM yaha smaraNa rakhane yogya hai ki jaba taka dhyAna dhyAna ke vyAvahArika lAbha meM vikalpa hai, AkAMkSA hai, cAhe vaha prazasta hI kyoM na hoM, taba taka vaha AcArya bhadrabAhu ne kAyotsarga, jo dhyAna-sAdhanA kI agrima zubhAsrava kA kAraNa to hogA hii| phira bhI yaha zubhAsrava mithyAtva ke sthiti hai, ke lAbhoM kI carcA karate hue Avazyakaniyukti meM likhA hai abhAva ke kAraNa saMsAra kI abhivRdvi kA kAraNa nahI banatA hai|16 ki kAyotsarga ke nimna pAMca lAbha haiM-22 1. deha jADya zuddhi- zleSma punaH dhyAna ke lAbhoM kI carcA karate hue usameM kahA gayA hai evaM carbI ke kama ho jAne se deha kI jar3atA samApta ho jAtI hai| ki jisa prakAra jala vastra ke mala ko dhokara use nirmala banA detA hai, kAyotsarga se zleSma, carbI Adi naSTa hote haiM, ata: unase utpanna hone usI prakAra dhyAnarUpI jala AtmA ke karmarUpI mala ko dhokara use vAlI jar3atA bhI naSTa ho jAtI hai| 2. mati jADya zuddhi- kAyotsarga meM nirmala banA detA hai| jisa prakAra agni lohe ke maila ko dUra kara detI mana kI vRtti kendrita ho jAtI hai, usase bauddhika jar3atA kSINa hotI hai| hai,17 jisa prakAra vAyu se prerita agni dIrghakAla se saMcita kASTha ko 3. sukha-duHkha titikSA (samatAbhAva) 4. kAyotsarga meM sthita vyakti jalA detI hai, usI prakAra dhyAnarUpI vAyu se prerita sAdhanArUpI agni anuprekSAoM yA bhAvanAoM kA sthiratApUrvaka abhyAsa kara sakatA hai| 5. pUrvabhavoM ke saMcita karma saMskAroM ko naSTa kara detI hai| usI prakAra dhyAna kAyotsarga meM zubha dhyAna kA abhyAsa sahaja ho jAtA hai| ina lAbhoM dhyAnarUpI agni AtmA para lage hue karmarUpI mala ko dUra kara detI meM na kevala AdhyAtmika lAbhoM kI carcA hai apitu mAnasika aura hai|18 jisa prakAra vAyu se tADita megha zIghra hI vilIna ho jAte haiM zArIrika lAbhoM kI bhI carcA hai| vastuta: dhyAna-sAdhanA kI vaha kalA hai usI prakAra dhyAnarUpI vAyu se tADita karmarUpI megha zIghra vilIna ho jo na kevala citta kI nirarthaka bhAga-daur3a ko niyaMtrita karatI hai, apitu jAte haiN|19 saMkSepa meM dhyAna-sAdhanA se AtmA, karmarUpI mala evaM vAcika aura kAyika (daihika) gatividhiyoM ko bhI niyaMtrita kara vyakti AvaraNa se mukta hokara apanI zuddha nirvikAra jJAtA-draSTA avasthA ko ko apane Apa se jor3a detI hai| hameM ehasAsa hotA hai ki hamArA astitva prApta ho jAtA hai| caitasika aura daihika gatividhiyoM se bhI Upara hai aura hama unake kevala sAkSI haiM, apitu niyAmaka bhI haiN| dhyAna aura tanAvamukti dhyAna-AtmasAkSAtkAra kI kalA dhyAna ke isa cAra alaukika yA AdhyAtmika lAbhoM ke manuSya ke liye, jo kucha bhI zreSThatama aura kalyANakArI hai, atirikta granthakAra ne usake aihika, manovaijJAnika lAbhoM kI bhI carcA vaha svayaM apane ko jAnanA aura apane meM jInA hai| Atmabodha se kI hai, vaha kahatA hai ki jisakA citta dhyAna meM saMlagna hai, vaha mahattvapUrNa evaM zreSThatama anya koI bodha hai hI nhiiN| AtmasAkSAtkAra yA krodhAdi kaSAyoM se utpanna hone vAle IrSyA, viSAda, Adi mAnasika AtmajJAna bhI sAdhanA kA sAratattva hai| sAdhanA kA artha hai apane Apa ke duHkhoM se pIr3ita nahIM hotA hai|20 granthakAra ke isa kathana kA rahasya prati jaagnaa| vaha 'ko'haM' se 'so'haM' taka kI yAtrA hai| sAdhanA kI isa yaha hai ki jaba dhyAna meM AtmA apramatta cetA hokara jJAtA-draSTA bhAva yAtrA meM apane Apa ke prati jAganA sambhava hotA hai| dhyAna meM jJAtA meM sthiti hotA hai, to usa apramattatA kI sthiti meM na to kaSAya hI apanI hI vRttiyoM, bhAvanAoM, AvegoM aura vAsanAoM ko jJeya banAkara kriyAzIla hote haiM aura na unase utpanna IrSyA, dveSa, viSAda Adi bhAva vastuta: apanA hI darzana karatA hai| yadyapi yaha darzana tabhI saMbhava hotA hai, hI utpanna hote haiN| dhyAnI vyakti pUrva saMskAroM ke kAraNa utpanna hone jaba hama inakA atikramaNa kara jAte haiM, arthAt, inake prati kartAbhAva se vAle kaSAyoM ke vipAka ko mAtra dekhatA hai, kintu una bhAvoM meM mukta hokara sAkSI bhAva jagAte haiN| ata: dhyAna AtmA ke darzana kI kalA pariNita nahIM hotA hai| ata: kASAyika bhAvoM kI pariNati nahIM hone hai| dhyAna hI vaha vidhi hai, jisake dvArA hama sIdhe apane hI sammukha hote se usake citta ke mAnasika tanAva samApta ho jAte haiN| dhyAna mAnasika haiM, ise hI AtmasAkSAtkAra kahate haiN| dhyAna jIva meM 'jina' kA, AtmA tanAvoM se mukti kA anyatama sAdhana hai| dhyAnazataka (jhANAjjhayaNa) se paramAtmA kA darzana karAtA hai| ke anusAra dhyAna se na kevala AtmAvizuddhi aura mAnasika tanAvoM dhyAna kI isa prakriyA meM AtmA ke dvArA paramAtmA (zuddhAtmA) se mukti milatI hai, apitu zArIrika pIr3AyeM bhI kama ho jAtI haiN| ke darzana ke pUrva sarvaprathama to hameM apane 'vAsanAtmaka sva' (id) kA usameM likhA hai ki jo citta dhyAna meM atizaya sthiratA prApta kara sAkSAtkAra hotA hai- dUsare zabdoM meM hama apane hI vikAroM aura vAsanAoM cukA hai, vaha zIta, uSNa Adi zArIrika duHkhoM se bhI vicalita nahIM ke prati jagAte haiN| jAgaraNa ke isa prathama caraNa meM hameM unakI vidrUpatA kA hotA hai| unheM nirAkulatApUrvaka sahana kara letA hai|21 yaha hamArA bodha hotA hai| hameM lagatA hai ki ye hamAre vikAra bhAva haiM- vibhAga haiM, vyAvahArika anubhava hai ki jaba hamArI cittavRtti kisI vizeSa dizA kyoMki hamameM ye 'para' ke nimitta se hote haiN| yahI vibhAva dazA kA bodha meM kendrita hotI hai to hama zArIrika pIr3AoM ko bhUla jAte haiM; jaise sAdhanA kA dUsarA caraNa hai| sAdhanA ke tIsare caraNa meM sAdhaka vibhAga se eka vyApArI vyApAra meM bhUkha-pyAsa Adi ko bhUla jAtA hai| ataH rahita zuddha AtmadazA kI anubhUti karatA hai- yahI paramAtma darzana hai, dhyAna meM daihika pIr3AoM kA ehasAsa bhI alpatama ho jAtA hai| svabhAvadazA meM ramaNa hai| yahAM yaha vicAraNIya hai ki dhyAna isa Atmadarzana meM kaise sahAyaka hotA hai?
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________________ jaina sAdhanA meM dhyAna 465 dhyAna meM zarIra ko sthira rakhakara AMkha banda karanI hotI hai| sUtra meM kahA gayA hai "AtmA tapa se parizuddha hotI hai|24 samyak-jJAna jaise hI AMkha banda hotI hai-vyakti kA sambandha bAhya jagat se TUTakara se vastu svarUpa kA yathArtha bodha hotA hai| samyagradarzana se tattva-zraddhA antarjagat se jur3atA hai, antara kA paridRzya sAmane AtA hai, aba utpanna hotI hai| samyagcAritra Asrava kA nirodha karatA hai| kintu ina hamArI cetanA kA viSaya bAhya vastueM na hokara manosRjanAeM hotI haiN| jaba tInoM se bhI mukti sambhava nahIM hotI, mukti kA antima kAraNa to nirjarA vyakti isa manosRjanAoM (saMkalpa-vikalpoM) kA draSTA banatA hai, use hai| sampUrNa karmoM kI nirjarA ho jAnA hI mukti hai aura karmoM kI tapa se eka ora inakI para-nimittatA (vibhAvarUpatA) kA bodha hotA hai tathA hI nirjarA hotI hai| ata: dhyAna tapa kA eka viziSTa rUpa hai, jo dUsarI ora apane sAkSI svarUpa kA bodha hotA hai| AtmA-anAtma kA Atmazuddhi kA anyatama kAraNa hai| viveka yA sva-para ke bheda kA jJAna hotA hai| kartA-bhoktA bhAva ke vikalpa vaise yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki AtmA vyuparata kriyA nivRtti kSINa hone lagate haiN| eka nirvikalpa Atma-dazA kI anubhUti hotI hai| nAmaka zukla dhyAna meM ArUr3ha hokara hI mukti ko prApta hotA hai| ata: dUsare zabdoM meM mana kI bhAga-daur3a samApta ho jAtI hai| manosRjanAeM yA hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki jaina sAdhanA-vidhi meM dhyAna mukti kA antima saMkalpa-vikalpa vilIna hone lagate haiN| cetanA kI sabhI vikalatAeM kAraNa hai| dhyAna eka aisI avasthA hai jaba AtmA pUrNa rUpa se 'sva' meM samApta ho jAtI haiN| mana AtmA meM vilIna ho jAtA hai| sahaja-samAdhi sthiti hotI hai aura AtmA kA 'sva' meM sthita honA hI mukti yA nirvANa prakaTa hotI hai| isa prakAra AkAMkSAoM, vAsanAoM, saMkalpa-vikalpoM evaM kI avasthA hai| ata: dhyAna hI mukti bana jAtA hai| tanAvoM se mukta hone para eka aparimita nirapekSa Ananda kI upalabdhi yoga darzana meM dhyAna ko samAdhi kA pUrNa caraNa mAnA gayA hai| hotI hai, AtmA apane cidAnanda svarUpa meM lIna rahatA hai| isa prakAra usameM bhI dhyAna se hI samAdhi kI siddhi hotI hai| dhyAna jaba apanI dhyAna AtmA ko paramAtmA yA zuddhAtmA se jor3atA hai| ata: vaha pUrNatA para pahuMcatA hai to vahI samAdhi bana jAtA hai| dhyAna kI isa AtmasAkSAtkAra yA paramAtmA ke darzana kI eka kalA hai| nirvikalpa dazA ko na kevala jaina darzana meM, apitu sampUrNa zramaNa paramparA meM aura na kevala sampUrNa zramaNa paramparA meM apitu sabhI dharmoM kI dhyAna mukti kA anyatama kAraNa sAdhana-vidhiyoM meM mukti kA aMtima upAya mAnA gayA hai| jaina dharma meM dhyAna mukti kA janma kAraNa mAnA jA sakatA hai yoga cAhe citta vRttiyoM ke nirodha meM nirvikalpa samAdhi ho yA jaina dArzanikoM ne AdhyAtmika vikAsa ko jina 14 sopAnoM (guNasthAnoM) AtmA ko paramAtmA se jor3ane kI kalA ho, vaha dhyAna hI hai| kA ullekha kiyA hai, unameM antima guNasthAna ko ayogI kevalI guNasthAna kahA gayA hai| ayogI kevalI guNasthAna vaha avasthA hai jisameM dhyAna aura samAdhi vItarAga-AtmA apane kAyayoga, vacanayoga, manoyoga arthAt zarIra, sarvArthasiddhi aura tattvArthavArtika meM samAdhi ke svarUpa ko vANI aura mana kI gatividhiyoM kA nirodha kara letA hai aura unake niruddha spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra koSThAgAra meM lagI huI Aga hone para vaha mukti yA nirvANa ko prApta kara letA hai| yaha prakriyA sambhava ko zAnta karanA Avazyaka hai, usI prakAra munijIvana ke zIlavratoM meM hai zukladhyAna ke caturtha caraNa vyuparata kriyA nivRtti ke dvaaraa| ata: dhyAna lagI huI vAsanA yA AkAMkSArUpI agni kA prazamana karanA bhI Avazyaka mokSa kA anyatam kAraNa hai| jaina paramparA meM dhyAna meM sthita hone ke pUrva hai| yahI samAdhi hai|25 dhavalA meM AcArya vIrasena ne jJAna, darzana aura jina padoM kA uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai, ve nimna haiM cAritra meM samyak avasthiti ko hI samAdhi kahA hai|26 vastuta: cittavRtti ThANeNaM moNeNaM jhANeNaM appANaM vosirAmi23 kA udvelita honA hI asamAdhi hai aura usakI isa udvignatA kA samApta arthAt "maiM zarIra se sthira hokara, vANI se mauna hokara, mana ho jAnA hI samAdhi hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM jaba vAyu ke saMyoga se jala ko dhyAna meM niyojita kara zarIra ke prati mamatva kA parityAga karatA huuN|" taraMgAyita hotA hai to usa taraMgita jala meM rahI huI vastuoM kA bodha nahIM yahAM hameM smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki 'appANaM vosirAmi' kA artha, AtmA hotA, usI prakAra tanAvayukta udvigna citta meM AtmA ke zuddha svarUpa kA kA visarjana karanA nahIM hai, apitu deha ke prati apanepana ke bhAva kA sAkSAtkAra nahIM hotA hai| citta kI isa udvignatA kA yA tanAvayukta sthiti visarjana karanA hai| kyoMki visarjana yA parityAga AtmA kA nahIM apanepana kA samApta honA hI samAdhi hai| dhyAna bhI vastuta: citta kI vaha niSpakampa ke bhAva arthAt mamatvabuddhi kA hotA hai| jaba kAyika, vAcika aura avasthA hai jisameM AtmA apane zuddha svarUpa kA sAkSI hotA hai| vaha mAnasika kriyAoM para pUrNa niyaMtraNa sthApita ho jAtA hai, tabhI dhyAna kI citta kI samatvapUrNa sthiti hai| ata: dhyAna aura samAdhi samAnArthaka haiM; siddhi hotI hai aura jaba dhyAna siddha ho jAtA hai to AtmA ayogadazA phira bhI donoM meM eka sUkSma antara hai| vaha antara isa rUpa meM hai ki dhyAna arthAt mokSa ko prApta kara letA hai| ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki dhyAna mokSa kA samAdhi kA sAdhana hai aura samAdhi sAdhya hai| yogadarzana ke aSTAMga yoga anyatama kAraNa hai| meM samAdhi ke pUrNa caraNa dhyAna mAnA gayA hai| dhyAna jaba siddha ho jAtA jaina paramparA meM dhyAna Antarika tapa kA eka prakAra hai| isa hai, taba vaha samAdhi bana jAtA hai| vastuta: donoM eka hI haiN|27 dhyAna kI Antarika tapa ko AtmAvizuddhi kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana pUrNatA samAdhi meM hai| yadyapi donoM meM hI cittavRtti kI niSpakaMpatA yA
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________________ 466 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 samatva kI sthiti Avazyaka hai| eka meM usa niSpakampatA yA samatva kA arthAta deh-tyaag| lekina jaba taka jIvana hai taba taka zarIra kA tyAga abhyAsa hotA hai aura dUsare meM vaha avasthA sahaja ho jAtI hai| to saMbhava nahIM hai| ata: kAyotsarga kA matalaba hai- deha ke prati mamatva kA tyAga, dUsare zabdoM meM zArIrika gatividhiyoM kA kartA na banakara draSTA bana dhyAna aura yoga jaanaa| vaha zarIra kI mAtra aicchika gatividhiyoM kA niyantraNa hai| zArIrika yahAM dhyAna kA yoga se kyA saMbaMdha hai? yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai| gatividhiyAM bhI do prakAra hI hotI haiM-eka svacAlita aura dUsarI aicchik| jaina paramparA meM sAmAnyatayA mana, vANI aura zarIra kI gatizIlatA ko kAyotsarga meM svacAlita gatividhiyoM kA nahIM, apitu aicchika gatividhiyoM yoga kahA jAtA hai|28 usake anusAra sAmAnya rUpa se samagra sAdhanA kA niyantraNa kiyA jAtA hai| kAyotsarga karane se pUrNa jo AgArasUtra kA aura vizeSa rUpa se dhyAna-sAdhanA kA prayojana yoga-nirodha hI hai| pATha bolA jAtA hai usameM zvasana-prakriyA, chIMka, jamhAI Adi svacAlita vastutaH mAnasika, vAcika aura zArIrika kriyAoM meM jinheM jaina paramparA zArIrika gatividhiyoM ke nirodha nahIM karane kA bhI spaSTa ullekha hai|32 meM yoga kahA gayA hai, mana kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| vAcika yoga aura ata: kAyotsarga aicchika zArIrika gatavidhiyoM ke nirodha kA prayatna hai| kAyikayoga, manoyoga para hI nirbhara karate haiN| jaba mana kI caMcalatA yadyapi aicchika gatividhiyoM kA kendra mAnavIya mana athavA cetanA hI hai| samApta hotI hai to sahaja hI zArIrika aura vAcika-kriyAoM meM zaithilya ata: kAyotsarga kI prakriyA dhyAna kI prakriyA ke sAtha aparihArya rUpa se A jAtA hai, kyoMki unake mUla meM vyakta yA avyakta mana hI hai| ataH jur3I huI hai| mana kI sakriyatA ke nirodha se hI yoga-nirodha saMbhava hai| yoga darzana bhI, eka anya dRSTi se kAyotsarga ko deha ke prati nirmamatva kI jo yoga para sarvAdhika bala detA hai, yaha mAnatA hai ki cittavRttiyoM kA sAdhanA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| vaha deha meM rahakara bhI kartAbhAva se upara nirodha hI yoga hai|29 vastuta: jahAM citta kI caMcalatA samApta hotI hai, uThakara draSTAbhAva meM sthita honA hai| yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki cittavRttiyoM ke vahIM sAdhanA kI pUrNatA hai aura vahI pUrNatA dhyAna hai| citta kI caMcalatA vicalana meM zarIra bhI eka mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA adA karatA hai| hama zarIra athavA mana kI bhAga daur3a ko samApta karanA hI jaina sAdhanA aura yoga aura indriyoM ke mAdhyama se hI bAhya viSayoM se jur3ate haiM aura unakI sAdhanA donoM kA lakSya hai| isa dRSTi se dekheM to jaina darzana meM dhyAna kI anubhUti karate haiM isa anubhUti kA anukUla yA pratikUla prabhAva hamArI jo paribhASA dI jAtI hai vahI paribhASA yoga darzana meM yoga kI dI jAtI cittavRtti para par3atA hai, jo citta vicalana kA yA rAga-dveSa kA kAraNa hai| isa prakAra dhyAna aura yoga paryAyavAcI bana jAte haiN| hotA hai| 'yoga' zabda kA eka artha jor3anA (Unification) bhI hai|30 isa dRSTi se AtmA ko paramAtmA se jor3ane kI kalA ko yoga kahA gayA citta (mana) aura dhyAna hai aura isI artha se yoga ko mukti kA sAdhana mAnA gayA hai| apane isa jaina darzana meM mana kI cAra avasthAeM- jaina, bauddha aura dUsare artha meM bhI yoga zabda dhyAna kA samAnArthaka hI siddha hotA hai, vaidika paramparAoM meM citta yA mana dhyAna-sAdhanA kI AdhArabhUmi hai, ata: kyoMki dhyAna hI sAdhaka ko apane meM hI sthita paramAtmA (zuddhAtmA) yA citta kI vibhinna avasthAoM para vyakti ke dhyAna-sAdhanA ke vikAsa ko mukti se jor3atA hai| vastuta: jaba cittavRttiyoM kI caMcalatA samApta ho A~kA jA sakatA hai| jaina paramparA meM AcArya hemacandra ne mana kI cAra jAtI hai, citta prazAnta aura niSpakampa ho jAtA hai, to vahI dhyAna hotA avasthAe~ mAnI haiM- 1. vikSipta mana, 2. yAtAyAta mana, 3. zliSTa mana hai, vahI samAdhi hotA hai aura use hI yoga kahA jAtA hai| kintu jaba aura 4. sulIna mn|33 / kArya-kAraNa bhAva athavA sAdhya-sAdhanA kI dRSTi se vicAra karate haiM, to 1. vikSipta mana- yaha mana kI asthira avasthA hai, isameM dhyAna sAdhanA hotA hai, samAdhi sAdhya hotI hai| sAdhana se sAdhya kI citta caMcala hotA hai, idhara-udhara bhaTakatA rahatA hai, isake Alambana upalabdhi hI yoga kahI jAtI hai| pramukhatayA bAhya viSaya hI hote haiM, isameM saMkalpa-vikalpa yA vicAroM kI bhAga-daur3a macI rahatI hai, ataH isa avasthA meM mAnasika zAnti kA dhyAna aura kAyotsarga abhAva hotA hai| yaha citta pUrI taraha bahirmakhI hotI hai| jaina sAdhanA meM tapa ke vargIkaraNa meM Abhyantara tapa ke jo cha: prakAra batalAe gaye haiM, unameM dhyAna aura kAyotsarga ina donoM kA alaga- jAtA hai to kabhI apane meM sthira hone kA prayatna karatA hai| yaha yogAbhyAsa alaga ullekha kiyA gayA hai|31 isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki jaina AcAryoM ke prArambha kI avasthA hai| isa avasthA meM citta apane pUrvAbhyAsa ke kI dRSTi se dhyAna aura kAyotsarga do bhinna-bhinna sthitiyA~ haiN| dhyAna kAraNa bAharI viSayoM kI ora daur3atA rahatA hai, vaise thor3e bahuta prayatna se cetanA ko kisI viSaya para kendrita karane kA abhyAsa hai to kAyotsarga use sthira kara liyA jAtA hai| kucha samaya usa para sthira rahakara puna: bAhya zarIra ke niyantraNa kA eka abhyaas| yadyapi yahA~ kAyA (zarIra) vyApaka viSayoM ke saMkalpa-vikalpa meM ulajha jAtA hai| jaba-jaba kucha sthira hotA artha meM gRhIta hai| smaraNa rahe ki mana aura vAk ye zarIra ke Azrita hI hai taba mAnasika zAnti evaM Ananda kA anubhava karane lagatA hai| haiN| zAbdika dRSTi se kAyotsarga zabda kA artha hotA hai 'kAyA' kA utsarga yAtAyAta citta kathaMcit antarmukhI aura kathaMcit bahirmukhI hotA hai|
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________________ jaina sAdhanA meM dhyAna 3. zliSTa mana - yaha mana kI sthiratA kI avasthA hai| isa avasthA meM citta kI sthiratA kA AdhAra yA Alambana viSaya hotA hai| isameM jaise-jaise sthiratA AtI hai, Ananda bhI bar3hatA jAtA hai| 4. sulIna mana- yaha mana kI vaha avasthA hai jisameM saMkalpavikalpa evaM mAnasika vRttiyoM kA laya ho jAtA hai| isako mana kI niruddhAvasthA bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| yaha paramAnanda hai, kyoMki isameM sabhI vAsanAoM kA vilaya ho jAtA hai| bauddha darzana meM citta kI cAra avasthAe~ - abhidhammatthasaMgaho ke anusAra bauddha darzana meM bhI citta (mana) cAra prakAra kA hai- 1. kAmAvacara, 2. rUpAvacara, 3. arUpAvacara aura 4. lokottara / 34 1. kAmAvacara citta- yaha citta kI vaha avasthA hai jisameM kAmanAoM aura vAsanAoM kA prAdhAnya hotA hai| isameM vitarka evaM vicAroM kI adhikatA hotI hai| mana sAMsArika bhogoM ke pIche bhaTakatA rahatA hai| 2. rUpAvacara citta- isa avasthA meM vitarka-vicAra to hote haiM, lekina ekAgratA kA prayatna bhI hotA hai / citta kA Alambana bAhya sthUla viSaya hI hote haiN| yaha yogAbhyAsI citta kI prAthamika avasthA hai| 3. arUpAvacara citta- isa avasthA meM citta kA Alambana rUpavAna bAhya padArtha nahIM hai| isa stara para citta kI vRttiyoM meM sthiratA hotI hai lekina usakI ekAgratA nirviSaya nahIM hotI / usake viSaya atyanta sUkSma jaise ananta AkAza, ananta vijJAna yA akiMcanatA hote haiN| 4. lokottara citta- isa avasthA meM vAsanA - saMskAra, rAgadveSa evaM moha kA prahANa ho jAtA hai citta vikalpazUnya ho jAtA hai| isa avasthA kI prApti kara lene para nizcita rUpa se arhat pada evaM nirvANa kI prApti ho jAtI hai| yoga darzana meM citta kI pA~ca avasthAe~ yogadarzana meM cittabhUmi (mAnasika avasthA) ke pA~ca prakAra haiN| 1. kSipta, 2. mUr3ha, 3. vikSipta, 4. ekAgra aura 5. niruddha 25 1. kSipta citta isa avasthA meM citta rajoguNa ke prabhAva meM rahatA hai aura eka viSaya se dUsare viSaya para daur3atA rahatA hai| sthiratA nahIM rahatI hai| yaha avasthA yoga ke anukUla nahIM hai kyoMki isameM mana aura indriyoM para saMyama nahIM rhtaa| 2. mUr3ha citta- isa avasthA meM tana kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai aura isameM nidrA, Alasya Adi kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| nidrAvasthA meM citta kI vRttiyoM kA kucha kAla ke lie tirobhAva ho jAtA hai, parantu yaha avasthA yogAvasthA nahIM hai, kyoMki isameM AtmA sAkSI bhAva meM nahIM hotA hai| 3. vikSipta citta - vikSiptAvasthA meM mana thor3I dera ke lie eka viSaya para lagatA hai, para turanta hI anya viSaya kI ora daur3a jAtA hai aura pahalA viSaya chUTa jAtA hai| yaha citta kI AMzika sthiratA kI avasthA hai| 4. ekAgra citta yaha vaha avasthA hai, jisameM citta dera taka eka viSaya para lagA rahatA hai| yaha kisI vastu para mAnasika kendrIkaraNa 467 yA dhyAna kI avasthA hai| isa avasthA meM citta kisI viSaya para vicAra yA dhyAna karatA rahatA hai| isalie isameM bhI sabhI cittavRttiyoM kA nirodha nahIM hotA, tathApi yaha yoga kI pahalI sIr3hI hai| 5. niruddha citta isa avasthA meM citta kI sabhI vRttiyoM kA (dhyeya viSaya taka kA bhI) lopa ho jAtA hai aura citta apanI svAbhAvika sthira zAMta avasthA meM A jAtA hai| jaina, bauddha aura yoga darzana meM mana kI ina vibhinna avasthAoM ke nAmoM meM cAhe antara ho, lekina unake mUlabhUta dRSTikoNa meM koI antara nahIM hai, jaisA ki nimna tAlikA se spaSTa hai| jaina darzana vikSipta yAtAyAta zliSTa sulIna bauddha darzana kAmAvacara rUpAvacara arUpAvacara lokottara jaina darzana kA vikSipta mana, bauddha darzana kA kAmAvacara citta aura yogadarzana ke kSipta aura mUr3ha citta samAnArthaka haiM, kyoMki sabhI ke anusAra isa avasthA meM citta meM vAsanAoM evaM kAmanAoM kI bahulatA hotI hai| isI prakAra jaina darzana kA yAtAyAta mana, bauddha darzana kA rUpAvacara citta aura yoga darzana kA vikSipta citta bhI samAnArthaka haiM, sAmAnyatayA sabhI ke anusAra isa avasthA meM citta meM alpakAlika sthiratA hotI hai tathA vAsanAoM ke vega meM thor3I kamI avazya ho jAtI hai| isI prakAra jaina darzana kA zliSTa mana, bauddha darzana kA arUpAvacara citta aura yoga darzana kA ekAgracita bhI samAna hI hai| sabhI ne isako mana kI sthiratA kI avasthA kahA hai| citta kI antima avasthA jise jaina darzana meM sulIna mana, bauddha darzana meM lokottara citta aura yoga darzana meM niruddha citta kahA gayA hai, samAna artha ke dyotaka haiN| isameM vAsanA, saMskAra evaM saMkalpa-vikalpa kA pUrNa abhAva ho jAtA hai| dhyAna-sAdhanA kA lakSya citta kI isa vAsanA saMskAra evaM saMkalpa-vikalpa se rahita avasthA ko prApta karanA hai| AcArya hemacandra kahate haiM ki krama se abhyAsa bar3hAte hue arthAt vikSipta se yAtAyAta citta kA, yAtAyAta se zliSTa kA aura zliSTa se sulIna citta kA abhyAsa karanA caahie| isa taraha abhyAsa karane se nirAlambana dhyAna hone lagatA hai / nirAlambana dhyAna se samatva prApta karake paramAnanda kA anubhava karanA caahie| yogI ko cAhie ki vaha bahirAtmabhAva kA tyAga karake antarAtmA ke sAtha sAmIpya sthApita kare aura paramAtmamaya banane ke lie nirantara paramAtmA kA dhyAna kare / 36 yoga darzana kSipta evaM mUr3ha vikSipta ekAgra niruddha isa prakAra citta vRttiyoM yA vAsanAoM kA vilayana hI samAlocya dhyAna paramparAoM kA pramukha lakSya rahA hai, kyoMki vAsanAoM dvArA hI mana kSobhita hotA hai, jisase cetanA kA samatva bhaMga hotA hai| dhyAna isI samatva yA samAdhi ko prApta karane kI sAdhanA hai| .
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________________ 468 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 dhyAna kA sAmAnya artha avasthA hai, vaha dhyAna hai|43 isa gAthA meM paNDita bAlacandrajI siddhAntazAstrI 'dhyAna' zabda kA sAmAnya artha cetanA kA kisI eka viSaya ne "daMsaNaNANasamaggaM" kA artha samyagdarzana va samyagjJAna se paripUrNa yA bindu para kendrita honA hai|37 cetanA jisa viSaya para kendrita hotI hai kiyA hai, kintu merI dRSTi meM yaha artha ucita nahIM hai| darzana aura jJAna vaha prazasta yA aprazasta donoM hI ho sakatA hai| isI AdhAra para dhyAna kI samagra (samaggaM) kA artha hai jJAna kA bhI nirvikalpa avasthA meM honaa| ke do rUpa nirdhArita hue- 1. prazasta aura 2. aprshst| usameM bhI sAmAnyatayA jJAna vikalpAtmaka hotA hai aura darzana nirviklp| kintu aprazasta dhyAna ke puna: do rUpa mAne gaye 1. Arta aura 3.raudr| prazasta jaba jJAna citta kI vikalpatA se rahita hokara darzana se abhinna ho jAtA dhyAna ke bhI do rUpa mAne gaye 1. dharma aura 2. shukl| jaba cetanA rAga hai, to vahI dhyAna ho jAtA hai| isIlie anyatra kahA bhI hai ki jJAna se yA Asakti meM DUba kara kisI vastu aura usakI upalabdhi kI AzA para hI dhyAna kI siddhi hotI hai|44 dhyAna zabda kI ina paribhASAoM meM hameM kendrita hotI hai to use ArtadhyAna kahA jA sakatA hai| aprApta vastu kI spaSTa rUpa se eka vikAsakrama parilakSita hotA hai| phira bhI mUla rUpa meM prApti kI AkAMkSA yA prApta vastu ke viyoga kI saMbhAvanA kI cintA meM ye paribhASAeM eka dUsare kI virodhI nahIM haiN| citta kA vidhi-vikalpoM se citta kA DUbanA ArtadhyAna hai|38 ArtadhyAna citta ke avasAda/viSAda kI rahita hokara eka vikalpa para sthira ho jAnA aura anta meM nirvikalpa ho avasthA hai| jAnA hI dhyAna hai kyoMki dhyAna kI antima avasthA meM sabhI vikalpa jaba koI upalabdha anukUla viSayoM ke viyoga kA yA aprApta samApta ho jAte haiN| anukUla viSayoM kI upalabdhi meM avarodha kA nimitta banatA hai to usa para Akroza kA jo sthAyIbhAva hotA hai, vahI raudradhyAna hai|36 isa prakAra dhyAna kA kSetra ArtadhyAna rAgamUlaka hotA hai aura raudradhyAna dveSamUlaka hotA hai| rAga-dveSa dhyAna-sAdhanA ke do prakAra mAne gaye haiM- eka bahiraMga aura ke nimitta se utpanna hone ke kAraNa ye donoM dhyAna saMsAra ke janaka haiM, dUsarA antrNg| dhyAna ke bahiraMga sAdhanoM meM dhyAna ke yogya sthAna (kSetra), ata: aprazasta mAne gaye haiN| inake viparIta dharma-dhyAna aura zukladhyAna Asana, kAla Adi kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai aura antaraMga sAdhanoM meM prazasta mAne gaye haiN| merI dRSTi meM sva-para ke liye kalyANakArI viSayoM dhyeya viSaya aura dhyAtA ke saMbaMdha meM yaha vicAra kiyA jAtA hai ki dhyAna para cittavRtti kA sthira honA dharmadhyAna hai| yaha lokamaMgala aura Atmavizuddhi ke yogya kSetra kauna se ho sakate haiN| AcArya zubhacandra likhate haiM ki 'jo kA sAdhaka hotA hai| cUMki dharma dhyAna meM bhoktAbhAva hotA hai, ata: yaha sthAna nikRSTa svabhAva vAle logoM se sevita ho, duSTa rAjA se zAsita ho, zubha Asrava kA kAraNa hotA hai| jaba AtmA kI citta-vRttiyA~ sAkSIbhAva pAkhaNDiyoM ke samUha se vyApta ho, juAriyoM, madyapiyoM aura vyabhicAriyoM yA jJAtA draSTA bhAva meM avasthita hotI haiM, taba sAdhaka na to kartAbhAva se se yukta ho, jahAM kA vAtavaraNa azAnta ho, jahAM senA kA saMcAra ho rahA jur3atA hai aura na bhoktAbhAva se jur3atA hai, yahI sAkSIbhAva kI avasthA hI ho, gIta vAdana Adi ke svara guMja rahe hoM, jahAM jantuoM tathA napuMsaka zukla dhyAna hai| isameM citta zubha-azubha donoM se Upara uTha jAtA hai| Adi nikRSTa prakRti ke janoM kA vicaraNa ho, vaha sthAna dhyAna ke yogya nahIM hai| isa prakAra kAMTe, patthara, kIcar3a, haDDI, rudhira Adi se dUSita 'dhyAna' zabda kI jaina paribhASAe~ tathA kauve, ullU, zRgAla, kuttoM Adi se sevita sthAna bhI dhyAna ke sAmAnyatayA adhyavasAyoM (cittavRtti) kA sthira honA hI dhyAna yogya nahIM hote haiN|45 kahA gayA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM mana kI ekAgratA ko prApta honA hI dhyAna yaha bAta spaSTa hai ki pariveza kA prabhAva hamArI cittavRttiyoM para hai| isake viparIta jo mana caMcala hai use bhAvanA, anuprekSA athavA cintA par3atA hai| dharma sthaloM evaM nIrava sAdhanA-kSetroM Adi meM jo nirAkulatA kahA jAtA hai|40 isa prakAra dhyAna vaha sthiti hai jisameM citta kI hotI hai tathA unameM jo eka viziSTa prakAra kI zAnti hotI hai, vaha caMcalatA samApta ho jAtI hai aura vaha kisI eka viSaya para kendrita ho dhyAna-sAdhanA ke lie upayukta hotI hai| ata: dhyAna karate samaya sAdhaka jAtI hai| tattvArthasUtra meM dhyAna ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai ki ko kSetra kA vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| saMyamI sAdhaka ko samudra taTa, aneka arthoM kA Alambana dene vAlI cintA kA nirodha dhyAna hai|41 nadI taTa, athavA sarovara ke taTa, parvata zikhara athavA guphA kiMvA dUsare zabdoM meM jaba cintana ko anyAnya viSayoM se haTA kara kisI eka prAkRtika dRSTi se nIrava aura sundara pradezoM ko athavA jinAlaya Adi hI vastu para kendrita kara diyA jAtA hai to vaha dhyAna bana jAtA hai| yadyapi dharma sthAnoM ko hI dhyAna ke kSetra rUpa meM cunanA caahie| dhyAna kI dizA bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM eka ora cintA nirodha se utpanna ekAgratA ko ke saMbaMdha meM vicAra karate hue kahA gayA hai ki dhyAna ke lie pUrva yA dhyAna kahA gayA hai, to dUsarI ora usameM rAga-dveSa aura mithyAtva se uttara dizA meM abhimukha hokara baiThanA caahiye| rahita hokara padArtha kI yathArthatA ko grahaNa karane vAlA jo viSayAntara ke saMcAra se rahita jJAna hotA hai, use dhyAna kahA gayA hai|42 AcArya dhyAna ke Asana kundakunda paMcAstikAya meM dhyAna ko spaSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki darzana dhyAna ke AsanoM ko lekara bhI jaina granthoM meM paryApta rUpa se aura jJAna se paripUrNa aura anya dravya ke saMsarga se rahita cetanA kI jo vicAra huA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se padmAsana, paryaMkAsana evaM khaDgAsana
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________________ jaina sAdhanA meM dhyAna 469 dhyAna ke uttama Asana mAne gaye haiN| dhyAna ke AsanoM ke saMbaMdha meM jaina niroga aura sugaThita zarIra Avazyaka hai| tattvArthasUtra meM to dhyAna kI AcAryoM kI mUladRSTi yaha hai ki jina AsanoM se zarIra aura mana para paribhASA dete hue spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki uttamasaMhanana vAle tanAva nahIM par3atA ho aise sukhAsana hI dhyAna ke yogya Asana mAne jA kA eka viSaya meM aMta:karaNa kI vRtti kA niyojana dhyAna hai|51 jaina sakate haiN| jina AsanoM kA abhyAsa sAdhaka ne kara rakhA ho aura jina AcArya yaha mAnate haiM ki cha: prakAra kI zArIrika saMracanA meM se AsanoM meM vaha adhika samaya para sukhapUrvaka baiTha sakatA ho tathA jinake vajraRSabhanArAca, ardhavaRSabhanArAca, nArAca aura ardhanArAca- ye cAra kAraNa usakA zarIra sveda ko prApta nahIM hotA ho, ve hI Asana dhyAna zArIrika saMracanAe~ hI (saMhanana) dhyAna ke yogya hotI haiN|52 yadyapi hameM ke lie zreSTha Asana haiN|46 sAmAnyatayA jaina paramparA meM padmAsana aura yahAM smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki zArIrika saMracanA kA saha-saMbaMdha mukhya khaDgAsana hI dhyAna ke adhika pracalita Asana rahe haiN|47 kintu mahAvIra rUpa se prazasta dhyAnoM se hI hai, aprazasta dhyAnoM se nhiiN| yaha satya hai ke dvArA godahAsana meM dhyAna karake kevalajJAna prApta karane ke bhI ullekha ki zarIra cittavRtti kI asthiratA kA mukhya kAraNa hotA hai| ata: dhyAna haiN|48 samAdhimaraNa yA zArIrika azakti kI sthiti meM leTe-leTe bhI kI ve sthitiyAM jinakA viSaya prazasta hotA hai aura jinake lie dhyAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| cittavRtti kI adhika samaya taka sthiratA Avazyaka hotI hai, ve kevala sabala zarIra meM hI sambhava hotI haiN| kintu aprazasta Arta, raudra Adi dhyAna kA kAla dhyAna to nirbala zarIravAloM ko hI adhika hote haiN| azakta yA durbala sAmAnyatayA sabhI kAloM meM zubha bhAva saMbhava hone se dhyAna- vyakti hI adhika cintana evaM cir3acir3A hotA hai| sAdhanA kA koI viziSTa kAla nahIM kahA gayA hai| kintu jahAM taka muni samAcArI kA prazna hai, uttarAdhyayana meM sAmAnya rUpa se madhyAhna dhyAna kisakA? aura madhyarAtri ko dhyAna ke lie upayukta samaya batAyA gayA hai|49 dhyAna ke saMdarbha meM yaha prazna svAbhAvika rUpa se uThatA hai ki upAsakadazAMga meM sakaDAla putra ke dvArA madhyAhna meM dhyAna karane kA dhyAna kisakA kiyA jAye? dUsare zabdoM meM dhyeya yA dhyAna kA Alambana nirdeza hai|5deg kahIM-kahIM prAta:kAla aura sandhyAkAla meM bhI dhyAna kyA hai? sAmAnya dRSTi se vicAra karane para to kisI bhI vastu yA viSaya karane kA vidhAna milatA hai| ko dhyeya/dhyAna ke Alambana ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki sabhI vastuoM yA viSayoM meM kamobeza dhyAnakarSaNa kI kSamatA to dhyAna kI samayAvadhi hotI hI hai| cAhe saMsAra ke sabhI viSaya dhyAna ke Alambana hone kI jaina AcAryoM ne isa prazna para bhI manovaijJAnika dRSTi se vicAra pAtratA rakhate hoM, kintu una sabhI ko dhyAna kA Alambana nahIM banAyA jA kiyA hai ki kisI vyakti kI citta vRtti adhikatama kitane samaya taka sakatA hai| vyakti ke prayojana ke AdhAra para hI unameM se koI eka viSaya eka viSaya para sthira raha sakatI hai| isa saMbaMdha meM unakA niSkarSa yaha hai hI dhyAna kA Alambana banatA hai| ata: dhyAna ke Alambana kA nirdhAraNa ki kisI eka viSaya para akhaNDita rUpa se cittavRtti antarmuhUrta se karate samaya yaha vicAra karanA Avazyaka hotA hai ki dhyAna kA uddezya adhika sthira nahIM raha sktii| antarmuhUrta se unakA tAtparya eka kSaNa se yA prayojana kyA hai? dUsare zabdoM meM dhyAna hama kisalie karanA cAhate kucha adhika tathA 48 minaTa se kucha kama hai| kintu isakA tAtparya yaha haiM? isakA nirdhAraNa sarvaprathama Avazyaka hotA hai| vaise to saMsAra ke sabhI nahIM hai ki dhyAna antarmuhUrta se adhika samaya taka nahIM kiyA jA sakatA viSaya citta ko kendrita karane kA sAmarthya rakhate haiM, kintu isakA artha hai| yaha satya hai ki itane kAla ke pazcAt dhyAna khaNDita hotA hai, kintu yaha nahIM hai ki binA kisI pUrva vicAra ke unheM dhyAna kA Alambana cittavRtti ko punaH niyojita karake dhyAna ko eka prahara yA rAtriparyaMta bhI athavA dhyeya banAyA jaaye| kisI strI kA sundara zarIra dhyAnAkarSaNa yA kiyA jA sakatA hai| dhyAna kA Alambana hone kI yogyatA to rakhatA hai, kintu jo sAdhaka dhyAna ke mAdhyama se vikSobha yA tanAvamukta honA cAhatA hai, usake lie dhyAna aura zarIra racanA yaha ucita nahIM hogA ki vaha strI ke sundara zarIra ko apane dhyAna kA jaina AcAryoM ne dhyAna kA saMbaMdha zarIra se bhI jor3A hai| yaha viSaya banAye, kyoMki use dhyAna kA viSaya banAne se usake mana meM usake anubhUta tathya hai ki sabala, svastha aura sugaThita zarIra hI dhyAna ke lie prati rAgAtmakatA utpanna hogI, vAsanA jAgegI aura pAne kI AkAMkSA yA adhika yogya hotA hai| yadi zarIra nirbala hai, sugaThita nahIM hai to bhoga kI AkAMkSA se citta meM vikSobha paidA hogaa| ata: kisI bhI vastu zArIrika gatividhiyoM ko adhika samaya taka niyantrita nahIM kiyA jA ko dhyAna kA Alambana banAne ke pUrva yaha vicAra karanA Avazyaka hotA sakatA aura yadi zArIrika gatividhiyAM niyaMtrita nahIM raheMgI to citta bhI hai ki hamAre dhyAna kA prayojana yA uddezya kyA hai? jo vyakti apanI niyantrita nahIM rhegaa| zarIra aura cittavRttiyoM meM eka gaharA saMbaMdha hai| vAsanAoM kA poSaNa cAhatA hai, vahI strI-zarIra ke saundarya ko apane zArIrika vikalatAeM citta ko vikala banA detI haiM aura caitasika dhyAna kA Alambana banAtA hai aura usake mAdhyama se ArtadhyAna kA vikalatAeM zarIra ko| ata: yaha mAnA gayA hai ki dhyAna ke lie sabala, bhAgIdAra banatA hai| kintu jo bhoga ke sthAna para tyAga aura vairAgya ko
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________________ 470 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 apane jIvana kA lakSya banAnA cAhatA hai, jo samAdhi kA icchuka hai, samAveza hotA hai| ata: hameM yaha mAnanA hotA hai ki ina aprazasta dhyAnoM usake lie strI-zarIra kI vIbhatsatA aura vidrUpatA hI dhyAna kA Alambana kI pAtratA to AdhyAtmika dRSTi se apUrNa rUpa se vikasita sabhI prANiyoM hogii| ata: dhyAna ke prayojana ke AdhAra para hI dhyeya kA nirdhAraNa karanA meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM rahatI hI hai| nAraka, tiryaMca, manuSya, deva Adi hotA hai| punaH dhyAna kI prazastatA aura aprazastatA bhI usake dhyeya yA sabhI meM ArtadhyAna aura raudradhyAna pAye jAte haiN| kintu jaba hama dhyAna kA Alambana para AdhArita hotI hai, ata: prazasta dhyAna ke sAdhaka aprazasta tAtparya kevala prazasta dhyAna arthAt dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna se lete haiM viSayoM ko apane dhyAna kA Alambana yA dhyeya nahIM banAte haiN| to hameM yaha mAnanA hogA ki ina dhyAnoM ke adhikArI sabhI prANI nahIM haiN| jaina dArzanikoM kI dRSTi meM prAthamika stara para dhyAna ke lie umAsvAti ne tattvArthasUtra meM kisa dhyAna kA kauna adhikArI hai isakA kisI dhyeya yA Alambana kA honA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki binA Alambana ullekha kiyA hai|57 isakI vizeSa carcA hamane dhyAna ke prakAroM ke prasaMga ke citta kI vRttiyoM ko kendrita karanA sambhava nahIM hotA hai, ve sabhI meM kI hai| sAdhAraNatayA caturtha guNasthAna arthAt samyakdarzana kI prApti viSaya aura vastue~ jinameM vyakti kA mana rama jAtA hai, dhyAna kA ke pazcAt hI vyakti dharmadhyAna kA adhikArI banatA hai| dharmadhyAna kI Alambana banane kI yogyatA to rakhatI haiM, kintu unameM se kisI eka ko pAtratA kevala samyagdRSTi jIvoM ko hI hai| Arta aura raudra dhyAna kA apane dhyAna kA Alambana banAte samaya vyakti ko yaha vicAra karanA parityAga karake apane ko prazasta cintana se jor3ane kI sambhAvanA kevala hotA hai ki usase vaha rAga kI ora jAyegA yA virAga kI ora, usake usI vyakti meM ho sakatI hai, jisakA viveka jAgrata ho aura jo heya, jJeya citta meM vAsanA aura vikSobha jAgeMge yA samAdhi sdhegii| yadi sAdhaka kA aura upAdeya ke bheda ko samajhatA ho| jisa vyakti meM heya-upAdeya athavA uddezya dhyAna ke mAdhyama se citta-vikSobhoM ko dUra karake samAdhilAbha yA hita-ahita ke bodha kA hI sAmarthya nahIM hai, vaha dharmadhyAna meM apane citta samatAbhAva ko prApta karanA hai to use prazasta viSayoM ko hI apane dhyAna ko kendrita nahIM kara sktaa| kA Alambana banAnA hogaa| prazasta Alambana hI vyakti ko prazasta dhyAna yaha bhI smaraNIya hai ki Arta aura raudra dhyAna pUrva saMskAroM ke kI dizA kI ora le jAtA hai| kAraNa vyakti meM sahaja hote haiM, unake lie vyakti ko vizeSa prayatna yA dhyAna ke Alambana ke prazasta viSayoM meM paramAtmA yA Izvara kA sAdhanA nahIM karanI hotI, jabaki dharmadhyAna ke lie sAdhanA (abhyAsa) sthAna sarvopari mAnA gayA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne bhI dhyAna ke Alambana Avazyaka hai| isIlie dharmadhyAna kevala samyagdRSTi ko hI ho sakatA hai| ke rUpa meM vItarAga paramAtmA ko dhyeya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai|53 dharmadhyAna kI sAdhanA ke lie vyakti meM jJAna ke sAtha-sAtha vairAgya/virati cAhe dhyAna padastha ho yA piNDastha, rUpastha ho yA rUpAtIta; dhyeya to bhI Avazyaka mAnI gaI hai aura isalie kucha logoM kA yaha mAnanA hai paramAtmA hI hai, kintu hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jaina dharma meM ki dharmadhyAna pAMcaveM guNasthAna arthAt dezavratI ko hI saMbhava hai| ata: AtmA aura paramAtmA bhinna nahIM hai| AtmA kI zuddhadazA hI paramAtmA spaSTa hai ki jahA~ Arta aura raudradhyAna ke svAmI samyagdRSTi evaM mithyAdRSTi hai|54 isalie jaina darzana meM dhyAtA aura dhyeya abhinna haiN| sAdhaka AtmA donoM prakAra ke jIva ho sakate haiM, vahA~ dharmadhyAna kA adhikArI samyagdRSTi dhyAna sAdhanA meM apane hI zuddha svarUpa ko dhyeya banAtA hai| AtmA, zrAvaka aura vizeSarUpa se dezavirata zrAvaka yA muni hI ho sakatA hai| AtmA ke dvArA AtmA kA hI dhyAna karatA hai|55 jisa paramAtmAsvarUpa jahAM taka zukladhyAna kA prazna hai, vaha sAtaveM guNasthAna ke apramatta ko dhyAtA dhyeya ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai vaha, usakA apanA hI zuddha jIvoM se lekara 14 veM ayogI kevalI guNasthAna taka ke sabhI vyaktiyoM svarUpa hai|56 puna: dhyAna meM jo dhyeya banatA hai vaha vastu nahIM, citta kI meM sambhava hai| isa saMbaMdha meM zvetAmbara-digambara ke matabhedoM kI carcA dhyAna vRtti hotI hai, dhyAna meM citta hI dhyeya kA AkAra grahaNa karake hamAre ke prakAroM ke prasaMga meM Age kI gayI hai| sAmane upasthita hotA hai, ata: dhyAtA bhI citta hai aura dhyeya bhI citta hai| isa prakAra dhyAna-sAdhanA ke adhikArI vyakti bhinna-bhinna dhyAnoM jise hama dhyeya kahate haiM, vaha hamArA apanA hI nija rUpa hai, hamArA kI apekSA se bhinna-bhinna kahe gaye haiN| jo vyakti AdhyAtmika dRSTi se apanA hI projekzana (Projection) hai| dhyAna vaha kalA hai jisameM jitanA vikasita hotA hai vaha dhyAna ke kSetra meM utanA hI Age bar3ha sakatA dhyAtA apane ko hI dhyeya banAkara svayaM usakA sAkSI banatA hai| hamArI hai| ata: vyakti kA AdhyAtmika vikAsa usakI dhyAna sAdhanA se jur3A vRttiyA~ hI hamAre dhyAna kA Alambana hotI haiM aura unake mAdhyama se hama huA hai| AdhyAtmika sAdhanA aura dhyAna-sAdhanA meM vikAsa kA krama apanA hI darzana karate haiN| anyonyAzrita hai| jaise-jaise vyakti prazasta kI dizA meM agrasara hotA hai usakA AdhyAtmika vikAsa hotA hai aura jaise-jaise usakA AdhyAtmika dhyAna ke adhikArI vikAsa hotA hai, vaha prazasta dhyAnoM kI ora agrasara hotA hai| dhyAna ko vyApaka arthoM meM grahaNa karane para sabhI vyakti dhyAna ke adhikArI mAne jA sakate haiM, kyoMki jaina darzana ke anusAra Arta dhyAna kA sAdhaka gRhastha yA zramaNa? aura raudra dhyAna to nimnatama prANiyoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| apane vyApaka dhyAna kI kSamatA tyAgI aura bhogI donoM meM samAna rUpa se artha meM dhyAna meM prazasta aura aprazasta donoM hI prakAra ke dhyAnoM kA hotI hai, kintu aksara bhogI jisa viSaya para apanA dhyAna kendrita karatA
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________________ jaina sAdhanA meM dhyAna 471 hai vaha viSaya anta meM usake mana ko pramathita karake udvelita hI banAtA sAdhu ko? vastuta: nirlipta jIvana jIne vAlA vyakti cAhe vaha sAdhu ho hai| ata: usake dhyAna meM yadyapi kucha kAla taka citta to sthira rahatA hai, yA gRhastha, usake lie dharmadhyAna saMbhava ho sakatA hai| dUsarI ora kintu usakA phala cittavRttiyoM kI sthiratA na hokara asthiratA hI hotI Asakta, daMbhI aura sAkAMkSa vyakti, cAhe vaha muni hI kyoM na ho, usake hai| jisa dhyAna ke anta meM citta udvelita hotA ho vaha dhyAna sAdhanAtmaka lie dharmadhyAna asaMbhava hotA hai| dhyAna kI saMbhAvanA sAdhu aura gRhastha dhyAna kI koTi meM nahIM AtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki paravartI jaina hone para nirbhara nahIM krtii| usakI saMbhAvanA kA AdhAra hI vyakti ke dArzanikoM ne apane granthoM meM ArtadhyAna aura raudradhyAna ko dhyAna ke rUpa citta kI nirAkulatA yA anAsakti hai| jo citta anAsakta aura nirAkula meM parigaNita hI nahIM kiyA, kyoMki ve antatogatvA citta kI udvignatA hai, phira vaha citta gRhastha kA ho yA muni kA, isase antara nahIM pdd'taa| ke hI kAraNa banate haiN| yahI kAraNa thA ki digambara paramparA ne yaha mAna dhyAna ke adhikArI banane ke lie Avazyaka yaha hai ki vyakti kA mAnasa liyA ki gRhastha kA jIvana vAsanAoM, AkAMkSAoM aura udvignatAoM se nirAkAMkSa, anAkula aura anudvigna rhe| yaha anubhUta satya hai ki koIparipUrNa hai, ata: ve dhyAna- sAdhanA karane meM asamartha haiN| koI vyakti gRhastha jIvana meM rahakara bhI nirAkAMkSa, anAkula aura __ jJAnArNava meM isa mata kA pratipAdana huA hai ki gRhastha dhyAna anudvigna banA rahatA hai| dUsarI ora kucha sAdhu, sAdhu hokara bhI sadaiva kA adhikArI nahIM hai|58 isa saMbaMdha meM usakA kathana hai ki gRhastha Asakta, Akula aura udvigna rahate haiN| ata: dhyAna kA saMbaMdha gRhI jIvana pramAda ko jItane meM samartha nahIM hotA, isalie vaha apane caMcala mana yA muni jIvana se na hokara citta kI vizuddhi se hai| citta jitanA vizuddha ko vaMza meM nahIM rakha paataa| phalata: vaha dhyAna kA adhikArI nahIM ho hogA dhyAna utanA hI sthira hogaa| punaH jo zvetAmbara aura yApanIya sktaa| jJAnArNavakAra kA kathana hai ki gRhastha kA mana saiMkar3oM jhaMjhaToM paramparAyeM gRhastha meM bhI 14 guNasthAna sambhava mAnatI haiM, unake anusAra se vyathita tathA duSTa tRSNA rUpa pizAca se pIr3ita rahatA hai, isalie to AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke agrima zreNiyoM kA arohaNa karatA huA usameM rahakara vyakti dhyAna Adi kI sAdhanA nahIM kara sktaa| jaba gRhastha bhI na kevala dharmadhyAna kA apitu zukla -dhyAna kA bhI adhikArI pralayakAlIna tIkSNa vAyu ke dvArA sthira svabhAvavAle bar3e-bar3e parvata hotA hai| bhI sthAna bhraSTa kara diye jAte haiM, to phira strI-putra Adi ke bIca rahane vAle gRhastha ko jo svabhAva se hI caMcala hai, kyoM nahIM bhraSTa kiyA jA dhyAna ke prakAra sktaa|59 isa carcA ko Age bar3hAte hue jJAnArNavakAra to yahAM taka sAmAnyatayA jainAcAryoM ne dhyAna kA artha cittavRtti kA kisI kahatA hai ki kadAcit AkAza-kusuma aura gadhe ko sIMga (zrRMga) eka viSaya para kendrita honA hI mAnA hai| ata: jaba unhoMne dhyAna ke saMbhava bhI ho6deg lekina gRhastha jIvana meM kisI bhI deza aura kAla meM prakAroM kI carcA kI to usameM prazasta aura aprazasta donoM hI prakAra ke dhyAna saMbhava nahIM hotaa| isake sAtha hI jJAnArNavakAra mithyAdRSTiyoM, dhyAnoM ko gRhIta kara liyaa| unhoMne Arta, raudra, dharma aura zukla ye asthira abhiprAya vAloM tathA kapaTapUrNa jIvana jIne vAloM meM bhI dhyAna dhyAna ke cAra prakAra maane|63 dhyAna ke ina cAra prakAroM meM prathama do ko kI saMbhAvanA ko svIkAra nahIM karatA hai|61 aprazasta arthAt saMsAra kA hetu aura antima do ko prazasta arthAt mokSa yahAM yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki kyA gRhastha jIvana meM kA hetu kahA gayA hai|64 isakA AdhAra yaha mAnA gayA hai ki Arta aura dhyAna saMbhava nahIM hai| yaha sahI hai ki gRhastha jIvana meM aneka dvandva hote raudradhyAna rAga-dveSa janita hone se baMdhana ke kAraNa haiM, isalie ve haiM aura gRhastha Arta aura raudradhyAna se adhikAMza samaya taka jur3A rahatA aprazasta haiN| jabaki dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna kaSAya bhAva se rahita hai| kintu ekAnta rUpa se gRhastha meM dharma-dhyAna kI saMbhAvanA ko asvIkAra hone se mukti ke kAraNa haiM, isalie ve prazasta haiN| dhyAnazataka kI TIkA nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| anyathA gRhastha liMga kI avadhAraNA khaNDita ho meM tathA amitagati ke zrAvakAcAra meM ina cAra dhyAnoM ko kramaza: jaayegii| ata: gRhastha meM bhI dharma-dhyAna kI saMbhAvanA hai| tiryaMcagati, narakagati, devagati aura mukti kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai| yaha satya hai ki jo vyakti jIvana ke prapaMcoM meM ulajhA huA hai, yadyapi prAcIna jaina AgamoM meM dhyAna kA yaha caturvidha vargIkaraNa hI mAnya usake lie dhyAna saMbhava nahIM hai| kintu gRhastha jIvana aura gRhI veza meM rahA hai| kintu jaba dhyAna kA saMbaMdha mukti kI sAdhanA se jor3A gayA to rahane vAle sabhI vyakti Asakta hI hote haiM, yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| Arta aura raudradhyAna ko baMdhana kA kAraNa hone se dhyAna kI koTi meM hI aneka samyagdRSTi gRhastha aise hote haiM, jo jala meM kamalavat gRhastha parigaNita nahIM kiyA gyaa| ata: digambara paramparA kI dhavalA TIkA65 jIvana meM alipta bhAva se rahate haiN| aise vyaktiyoM ke lie dharma dhyAna kI meM tathA zvetAmbara paramparA ke hemacandra ke yogazAstra66 meM dhyAna ke do hI saMbhAvanA ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| svayaM jJAnArNavakAra yaha prakAra mAne gae-dharma aura shukl| dhyAna meM bheda-prabhedoM kI carcA se spaSTa svIkAra karatA hai ki jo sAdhu mAtra veza meM anurAga rakhatA huA apane rUpa se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki usameM kramazaH vikAsa hotA gayA hai| prAcIna ko mahAna samajhatA hai aura dUsaroM ko hIna samajhatA hai, vaha sAdhu bhI dhyAna AgamoM yathA-sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, bhagavatIsUtra meM tathA jhANAjjhayA ke yogya nahIM hai|62 ata: vyakti meM munivezadhAraNa karane se dhyAna kI (dhyAnazataka) aura tattvArthasUtra meM dhyAna ke cAra vibhAgoM kI carcA karake pAtratA nahIM AtI hai| prazna yaha nahIM ki dhyAna gRhastha ko saMbhava hogA yA kramaza: unake cAra-cAra vibhAga kiye gae haiM, kintu unameM kahIM bhI dhyAna
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________________ 472 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 ke piMDastha, padastha, rUpastha aura rUpAtIta ina cAra prakAroM kI carcA nahIM pramatta saMyata meM nidAna ko chor3akara arthAt aprApta kI prApti kI AkAMkSA hai| jabaki paravartI sAhitya meM inakI vistRta carcA milatI hai| sarvaprathama ko chor3akara anya tIna hI ArtadhyAna hote haiM- sthAnAMgasUtra meM inake nimna inakA ullekha yogIndu ke yogasAra aura devasena ke bhAvasaMgraha meM milatA cAra lakSaNoM kA ullekha huA hai-74 hai|67 muni padyasiMha ne jJAnasAra meM arhanta ke saMdarbha meM dharmadhyAna ke - ucca svara se ronaa| antargata piNDastha, padastha aura rUpastha kI hI carcA kI hai, kintu .. 2) zocanatA - dInatA prakaTa karate hue zoka krnaa| unhoMne rUpAtIta kA koI spaSTa nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai|68 isa vivecanA meM eka samasyA yaha bhI hai ki piNDastha aura rUpastha meM koI vizeSa antara 3) tepanatA - AMsU bhaanaa| nahIM dikhAyA gayA hai| paravartI sAhitya meM AcArya nemicandra ke dravyasaMgraha 4) paridevanatA - karuNA-janaka vilApa krnaa| meM dhyAna ke cAra bhedoM kI carcA ke pazcAt dharmadhyAna ke antargata padoM ke (2) dhyAna - raudra dhyAna AvegAtmaka avasthA hai| raudra jApa aura paMcaparameSThi ke svarUpa kA bhI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai|69 isake dhyAna ke bhI cAra bheda kiye gaye haiM75 TIkAkAra brahmadeva ne yaha bhI batAyA hai ki jo dhyAna maMtra vAkyoM ke 1) hiMsAnubaMdhI - nirantara hiMsaka pravRtti meM tanmayatA karAnevAlI Azrita hotA hai vaha padastha hai, jisa dhyAna meM 'sva' yA AtmA kA citta kI ekaagrtaa| cintana hotA hai vaha piMDastha hai, jisameM cetanA svarUpa yA vidrUpatA kA vicAra kiyA jAtA hai vaha rUpastha hai tathA niraMjana va nirAkAra kA dhyAna 2) mRSAnubadhA asatya bhASaNa karane sambandhI citta kI hI rUpAtIta hai|7deg amitagati71 ne apane zrAvakAcAra meM dhyeya yA dhyAna ekaagrtaa| ke Alambana kI carcA karate hue piNDastha Adi ina cAra prakAra ke 3) stenAnubandhI - nirantara corI karane- karAne kI pravRtti sambandhI dhyAnoM kI vistAra se lagabhaga (27 zlokoM meM) carcA kI hai| yahAM citta kI ekAgratA piNDastha se pahale padastha dhyAna ko sthAna diyA gayA hai aura usakI 4) saMrakSaNAnabandhI - parigraha ke arjana aura saMrakSaNa sambandhI vistRta carcA bhI kI gaI hai| zubhacandra72 ne jJAnArNava meM padastha Adi tnmytaa| dhyAna ke ina prakAroM kI pUre vistAra ke sAtha (lagabhaga 27 zlokoM meM) kucha AcAryoM ne viSayasaMrakSaNa kA artha balAt aindrika bhogoM carcA kI hai| paravartI AcAryoM meM vasunandi, hemacandra, bhAskaranandi Adi kA saMkalpa kiyA hai, jabaki kucha AcAryoM ne aindrika viSayoM ke saMrakSaNa ne bhI inakI vistAra se carcA kI hai| punaH pArthivI, AgneyI, mAruti, meM upasthita karatA ke bhAva ko hI viSayasaMrakSaNa kahA hai| sthAnAMga meM vAruNI aura tattvabhU aisI piNDastha dhyAna kI jo pAMca dhAraNAeM kahI gaI isake bhI nimna cAra lakSaNoM kA nirdeza hai|76 haiM unakA bhI prAcIna granthoM meM kahIM ullekha nahIM miltaa| tattvArthasUtra aura . 1) utsannadoSa - hiMsAdi kisI eka pApa meM nirantara pravRtti usakI prAcIna TIkAoM meM lagabhaga 6ThI-7vIM zatI taka inakA abhAva krnaa| hai, isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki dhyAna ke prakAroM, upaprakAroM, lakSaNoM, AlambanoM Adi kI jo carcA jaina paramparA meM huI hai, vaha kramazaH / bahudoSa hiMsAdi sabhI pApoM ke karane meM saMlagna vikasita hotI rahI hai aura una para anya paramparAoM kA prabhAva bhI hai| prAcIna Agamika sAhitya meM sthAnAMgasUtra meM dhyAna ke prakAroM, 3) ajJAnadoSa - kusaMskAroM ke kAraNa hiMsAdi adhArmika kAryoM lakSaNoM, AlambanoM meM anuprekSAoM kA jo vivaraNa milatA hai, vaha isa ko dharma maannaa| prakAra hai: 4) AmaraNAnta doSa - maraNakAla taka bhI hiMsAdi krUra karmoM ko (1) ArtadhyAna- ArtadhyAna hatAzA kI sthiti hai| sthAnAMga ke karane kA anutApa na honaa| anusAra isa dhyAna ke cAra upaprakAra haiN|73 apriya vastu ke prApta hone para 3) dharmadhyAna- jaina AcAryoM ne sAdhanA kI dRSTi se kevala usake viyoga kI satata cintA karanA yaha prathama prakAra kA ArtadhyAna hai| dharmadhyAna aura zakladhyAna ko hI dhyAna kI koTi meM rakhA hai| yahI kAraNa daHkha ke Ane para use dUra karane kI cintA karanA yaha ArtadhyAna kA hai ki AgamoM meM inake bheda aura lakSaNoM kI carcA ke sAtha-sAtha inake dUsarA rUpa hai| priya vastu kA viyoga ho jAne para usakI punaH prApti ke AlambanoM aura anuprekSAoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| sthAnAMgasUtra Adi lie cintana karanA tIsare prakAra kA ArtadhyAna hai aura jo vastu prApta meM dharmadhyAna ke nimna cAra bheda batAye gaye haiN|76 nahIM hai usakI prApti kI icchA karanA cauthe prakAra kA Arta dhyAna hai| 1) AjJAvicaya- vItarAga sarvajJaprabhu ke Adeza aura upadeza tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra yaha Arta dhyAna avirata, dezavirata aura pramattasaMyata ke sambandha meM AgamoM ke anusAra cintana krnaa| meM hotA hai| isake sAtha hI mithyAdRSTiyoM meM bhI isa dhyAna kA sadbhAva hotA 2) apAyavicaya- doSoM aura unake kAraNoM kA cintana kara hai| saiddhAntika dRSTi se mithyAdRSTi, avirata samyagdRSTi tathA dezavirata unase chuTakArA kaise ho, isa sambandha meM vicAra krnaa| dUsare zabdoM meM samyagdRSTi meM ArtadhyAna ke uparokta cAroM hI prakAra pAye jAte haiM, kintu heya kyA hai? isakA cintana krnaa| rhnaa|
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________________ jaina sAdhanA meM dhyAna 473 3) vipAkavicaya- pUrvakarmoM ke vipAka ke pariNAma svarUpa dharmadhyAna ke adhikArI ke sambandha meM carcA upalabdha hotI hai| jinabhadra81 udaya meM AnevAlI sukhaduHkhAtmaka vibhinna anubhUtiyoM kA samabhAvapUrvaka ke anusAra jisa vyakti meM nimna cAra bAteM hotI haiM vahIM dharmadhyAna kA vedana karate hue unake kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa krnaa| dUsare kucha adhikArI hotA hai| 1. samyagjJAna (jJAna) 2. dRSTikoNa kI vizuddhi AcAryoM ke anusAra heya ke pariNAmoM kA cintana karanA hI vipAkavicaya (darzana), 3. samyak cAritra yA AcaraNa aura 4. vairaagybhaav| hemacandra82 dharmadhyAna hai| ne yogazAstra meM inheM hI kucha zabdAntara ke sAtha prastuta kiyA hai| ve vipAkavicaya dharmadhyAna ko nimna udAharaNa se bhI samajhA jA dharmadhyAna ke lie 1. AgamajJAna, 2. anAsakti, 3. AtmasaMyama aura sakatA hai 4. mumukSubhAva ko Avazyaka mAnate haiN| dharmadhyAna ke adhikArI ke mAna lIjie koI vyakti hameM apazabda kahatA hai aura una sambandha meM tattvArtha kA dRSTikoNa thor3A bhinna hai| tattvArtha ke zvetAmbara mAnya apazabdoM ko sunane se pUrvasaMskAroM ke nimitta se krodha kA bhAva udita pATha ke anusAra dharmadhyAna apramattasaMyata, upazAMtakaSAya aura kSINakaSAya hotA hai| usa samaya utpanna hote hue krodha ko sAkSI bhAva se dekhanA aura meM hI sambhava hai| guNasthAna siddhAnta kI dRSTi se yadi hama kaheM to sAtaveM krodha kI pratikriyA vyakta na karanA tathA yaha vicAra karanA ki krodha kA se lekara gyArahaveM aura bArahaveM taka meM hI dharmadhyAna saMbhava hai| yadi ise pariNAma duHkhada hotA hai athavA yaha socanA ki mere nimitta se isako niraMtaratA meM grahaNa kareM to apramatta saMyata se lekara kSINakaSAya taka koI pIr3A huI hogI, ata: yaha mujhe apazabda kaha rahA hai, yaha vipAkavicaya arthAt sAtaveM guNasthAna se lekara bArahaveM guNasthAna taka dharmadhyAna kI dharmadhyAna hai| saMkSepa meM karmavipAkoM ke udaya hone para unake prati sAkSI saMbhAvanA hai| tattvArthasUtra ke digambara mAnya mUlapATha meM dharma dhyAna ke bhAva rakhanA, pratikriyA ke duHkhada pariNAma kA cintana karanA evaM adhikArI kI vivecanA karane vAlA sUtra hai hI nhiiN| yadyapi tattvArthasUtra kI pratikriyA na karanA hI vipAkavicaya dharmadhyAna hai| digambara TIkAoM meM pUjyapAda akalaMka aura vidyAnandi sabhI ne dharmadhyAna 4) saMsthAnavicaya- loka ke svarUpa ke cintana ko sAmAnyarUpa ke svAmI kA ullekha kiyA hai kintu unakA maMtavya zvetAmbara paramparA se se saMsthAnavicaya dharmadhyAna kahA jAtA hai, kintu loka evaM saMsthAna kA bhinna hai| unake anusAra cauthe guNasthAna se lekara sAtaveM guNasthAna taka artha AgamoM meM zarIra bhI hai| ata: zArIrika gatividhiyoM para apanI hI dharma dhyAna kI saMbhAvanA hai| AThaveM guNasthAna se zreNI prAraMbha hone ke cittavRttiyoM ko kendrita karane ko bhI saMsthAnavicaya dharmadhyAna kahA jA kAraNa dharmadhyAna saMbhava nahIM hai| isa prakAra dharmadhyAna ke adhikArI ke sakatA hai| apane isa artha meM saMsthAnavicaya dharmadhyAna zarIra-vipazyanA prazna para jaina AcAryoM meM matabheda rahA hai| yA zarIra-prekSA ke nikaTa hai| AgamoM meM dharmadhyAna ke nimna cAra lakSaNa (4) zukladhyAna- yaha dharmadhyAna ke bAda kI sthiti hai| zakladhyAna kahe gaye haiM-78 ke dvArA mana ko zAnta aura niSpakampa kiyA jAtA hai| isakI antima 1) AjJAruci- jina AjJA ke sambandha meM vicAra-vimarza pariNati mana kI samasta pravRttiyoM kA pUrNa nirodha hai| zukladhyAna cAra karanA tathA usake prati niSThAvAna rhnaa| prakAra ke haiM83-1. pRthaktva-vitarka-savicAra-isa dhyAna meM dhyAtA kabhI 2) nisargaruci- dharmakAryoM meM svAbhAvika rUpa se ruci honaa| dravya kA cintana karate karate paryAya kA cintana karane lagatA hai aura kabhI 3) sUtraruci- Agama zAstroM ke adhyayana-adhyApana meM ruci paryAya kA cintana karate-karate dravya kA cintana karane lagatA hai| isa honaa| dhyAna meM kabhI dravya para to kabhI paryAya para manoyoga kA saMkramaNa hote 4) avagAr3haruci- Agamika viSayoM ke gahana cintana aura rahane para bhI dhyeya dravya eka hI rahatA hai| 2. ekatva-vitarka-avicArImanana meM ruci honaa| dUsare zabdoM meM Agamika viSayoM kA gambhIratA se yoga-saMkramaNa se rahita eka paryAya viSayaka dhyAna ekatva-vitarka-avicAraavagAhana krnaa| dhyAna kahalAtA hai| 3. sUkSmakriyA apratipAtI-mana, vacana aura zarIra sthanAMgasUtra meM dharmadhyAna ke AlambanoM kI carcA karate hue vyApAra kA nirodha ho jAne evaM kevala zvAsocchvAsa kI sUkSma kriyA ke usameM cAra Alambana batAye gaye haiM76- 1. vAcana-arthAt Agama sAhitya zeSa rahane para dhyAna kI yaha avasthA prApta hotI hai| 4. samucchinna-kriyAkA adhyayana karanA, 2. pratipRcchanA-adhyayana karate samaya utpanna zaMkA nivRtti-jaba mana, vacana aura zarIra kI samasta pravRttiyoM kA nirodha ho ke nivAraNArtha jijJAsAvRtti se usa sambandha meM gurujanoM se puuchnaa| 3. jAtA hai aura koI bhI sUkSma kriyA zeSa nahIM rahatI usa avasthA ko parivartanA-adhIta sUtroM kA punarAvartana karanA 4. anuprekSA-AgamoM ke samucchinna kriyA nivRtti zukladhyAna kahate haiN| isa prakAra zukladhyAna kI artha kA cintana krnaa| kucha AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM anuprekSA kA artha prathama avasthA se kramaza: Age bar3hate hue antima avasthA meM sAdhaka saMsAra kI anityatA Adi kA cintana karanA bhI hai| kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika sabhI pravRttiyoM kA pUrNa nirodha kara anta sthAnAMgasUtra ke anusAra dharmadhyAna kI cAra anuprekSAeM kahIM gaI meM siddhAvasthA prApta kara letA hai, jo ki dharma-sAdhanA aura yoga-sAdhanA haiM:- 1. ekatvAnuprekSA, 2. anityAnuprekSA, 3. azaraNAnuprekSA aura 4. kA antima lakSya hai| sNsaaraanuprekssaa| ye anuprekSAe~ jaina paramparA meM pracalita 12 anuprekSAoM ke sthAnAMgasUtra meM zukladhyAna ke nimna cAra lakSaNa kahe hI antargata haiN| jinabhadra ke dhyAnazataka tathA umAsvAti ke tattvArthasUtra meM gaye haiM84.
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________________ 474 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 1) avyatha-parISaha, upasarga Adi kI vyathA se pIr3ita hone para cAdye pUrvavidaH - 9/39) zvetAmbara mUlapATha aura digambara mUlapATha meM to bhI kSobhita nahIM honaa| antara nahIM hai, kiMtu 'ca' zabda se kyA artha grahaNa karanA cAhie, ise 2) asammoha-kisI bhI prakAra se mohita nahIM honaa| lekara matabheda hai| zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra upazAnta kaSAya evaM 3) viveka- sva aura para arthAta Atma aura anAtma ke bheda ko kSINakaSAya pUrvadharoM meM cAra zukladhyAnoM meM prathama do zukladhyAna sambhava smjhnaa| bhedavijJAna kA jJAtA honaa| haiN| bAda ke do, kevalI (sAyogI kevalI aura AyegI kevalI) meM sambhava 4) vyutsarga- zarIra, upadhi Adi ke prati mamatva bhAva kA pUrNa haiN| digambara paramparA ke anusAra AThaveM guNasthAna se caudahaveM guNasthAna tyAga dUsare zabdoM meM pUrNa nirmamatva se yukta honaa| taka zukladhyAna hai| pUrva ke do zukladhyAna AThaveM aura bArahaveM guNasthAnavartI ina cAra lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para hama yaha batA sakate haiM ki pUrvadharoM meM sambhava hote haiM aura zeSa do terahaveM aura caudahaveM guNasthAnavArtI kisI vyakti meM zukladhyAna saMbhava hogA yA nhiiN| kevalI ko hote haiN|87 sthAnAMgasUtra meM zukladhyAna ke cAra Alambana batAye gaye jaina dhyAna sAdhanA para tAntrika sAdhanA kA prabhAva- pUrva meM haiM85- 1. kSAnti (kSamAbhAva), 2. mukti (niloMbhatA), 3. Arjava (saralatA) hama vistAra se yaha spaSTa kara cuke haiM ki dhyAna-sAdhanA zramaNa paramparA kI aura 4. mArdava (mRdutaa)| vastuta: zukladhyAna ke ye cAra Alambana cAra apanI vizeSatA hai, usameM dhyAna-sAdhanA kA mukhya prayojana AtmAvizuddhi kaSAyoM ke tyAga rUpa hI haiM, zAnti meM krodha kA tyAga hai aura mukti meM arthAt citta ko vikalpoM evaM vikSobhoM se mukta kara nirvikalpadazA yA lobha kA tyAga hai| Arjava mAyA (kapaTa) ke tyAga kA sUcaka hai to mArdava samAdhi (samatva) meM sthita karanA rahA hai| isake viparIta tAntrika sAdhanA mAna kaSAya ke tyAga kA sUcaka hai| meM dhyAna kA prayojana mantrasiddhi aura haThayoga meM SaTacakroM kA bhedana kara isI grantha meM zukladhyAna kI cAra anuprekSAoM kA ullekha bhI kuNDalinI ko jAgRta karanA hai| yadyapi unameM bhI dhyAna ke dvArA AtmazAMti huA hai, kintu ye cAra anuprekSAeM sAmAnya rUpa se pracalita 12 yA Atmavizuddhi kI bAta kahI gaI hai, kintu yaha unapara zramaNadhArA ke anuprekSAoM se kvacit rUpa meM bhinna hI pratIta hotI haiN| sthAnAMga meM prabhAva kA hI pariNAma hai, kyoMki vaidikadhArA ke atharvaveda Adi prAcIna zukladhyAna kI nimna cAra anuprekSAeM ullikhita haiM86. granthoM meM maMtra siddhi kA prayojana laukika upalabdhiyoM ke hetu viziSTa 1) anantavRttitAnuprekSA-saMsAra ke paribhramaNa kI anantatA kA zaktiyoM kI prApti hI thaa| vastutaH hindU tAntrika sAdhanA vaidika aura vicAra krnaa| zramaNa paramparAoM ke samanvaya kA pariNAma hai| usameM mAraNa, mohana, 2) vipariNAmAnuprekSA- vastuoM ke vividha pariNamanoM kA vicAra vazIkaraNa, stambhana Adi SaTkarmoM ke lie maMtra siddhi kI jo carcA hai krnaa| vaha vaidikadhArA kA prabhAva hai, kyoMki usake bIja atharvaveda Adi meM bhI 3) azubhAnuprekSA- saMsAra, deha aura bhogoM kI azubhatA kA vicAra hameM upalabdha hote haiM, jabaki dhyAna, samAdhi Adi ke dvArA Atmavizuiddhi krnaa| kI jo carcA hai vaha nivRttimArgI zramaNa paramparA kA prabhAva hai| kintu yaha 4) apAyAnuprekSA- rAga, dveSa se hone vAle doSoM kA vicAra krnaa| bhI satya hai ki sAmAnya rUpa se zramaNadhArA aura vizeSa rUpa se jainadhArA zukladhyAna ke cAra prakAroM ke sambandha meM bauddhoM kA dRSTikoNa bhI para bhI hindU tAntrika sAdhanA aura vizeSa rUpa se kaulataMtra kA prabhAva jaina paramparA ke nikaTa hI hai| bauddha paramparA meM cAra prakAra ke dhyAna mAne AyA hai| gaye haiN| vastuta: jaina taMtra meM sakalIkaraNa, AtmarakSA, pUjAvidhAna aura 1) savitarkasavicAravivekajanya prItisukhAtmaka-prathama dhyaan| SaTkarmoM ke lie mantrasiddhi ke vidhi-vidhAna hindU tantra se prabhAvita haiN| 2) vitarkavicArarahita samAdhijaprItisukhAtmaka-dvitIya dhyaan| mAtra itanA hI nahIM, jaina dhyAna-sAdhanA, jo zramaNadhArA kI apanI 3) rAga aura virAga kI prati upekSA tathA smRti aura samprajanya se maulika sAdhanA-paddhati hai, para bhI hindU taMtra-vizeSa rUpa se kaulataMtra kA yukta upekSAsmRtisukhavihArI-tRtIya dhyaan| prabhAva AyA hai| yaha prabhAva dhyAna ke Alambana yA dhyeya ko lekara hai| 4) sukhaduHkha evaM saumanasya-daurmanasya se rahita asukha-adu:khAtmaka jaina paramparA meM dhyAna-sAdhanA ke antargata vividha AlambanoM upekSA evaM parizuddhi se yukta-caturtha dhyaan| kI carcA to prAcIna kAla se thI, kyoMki dhyAna-sAdhanA meM citta kI isa prakAra cAroM zukladhyAna bauddha paramparA meM bhI thor3e zabdika ekAgratA ke lie prArambha meM kisI na kisI viSaya kA Alambana to lenA antara ke sAtha upasthita haiN| hI par3atA hai| prArambha meM jaina paramparA meM Alambana ke AdhAra para dharmayoga paramparA meM bhI samApatti ke cAra prakAra batalAye haiM, jo ki dhyAna ko nimna cAra prakAra meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA thAjaina paramparA ke zukladhyAna ke cAroM prakAroM ke samAna hI lagate haiM, 1. ajJAvicaya, 2. apAyavicaya samApatti ke nimna cAra prakAra haiM- 1. savitarkA, 2. nirvitarkA, 3. 3. vipAka vicaya 4. saMsthAnAviya savicArA aura 4. nirvicaaraa| ina cAroM kI vistRta carcA hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| yaha bhI zukladhyAna ke svAmI ke sambandha meM tattvArthasUtra ke (zukle spaSTa hai ki dharmadhyAna ke ye cAroM Alambana jainoM ke apane maulika haiN|
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________________ jaina sAdhanA meM dhyAna 475 kintu Age calakara ina AlambanoM ke saMdarbha meM taMtra kA prabhAva AyA aura isake pazcAt apane hRdaya bhAga meM adhomukha ATha paMkhur3iyA~ vAle kamala lagabhaga gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatI ke Alambana ke AdhAra para dharmadhyAna ke kA ciMtana kareM aura yaha vicAra kareM ki ye ATha pakhur3iyA~ anukrama se 1. navIna cAra bheda kiye gaye jJAnAvaraNa, 2. darzanAvarama, 3. vedanIya, 4. mohanIya, 5. AyuSya, 6. 1. piNDastha 2. padastha nAma, 7, gotra aura 8. aMtarAya karmoM kI pratinidhi haiN| isake pazcAt yaha 3. rUpastha 4. rUpAtIta ciMtana kare ki usa aha~ se jo agni zikhAyeM nikala rahI haiM, unase yaha spaSTa hai ki dharmadhyAna ke ina AlambanoM kI carcA mUlataH aSTadalakamala kI aSTakarmoM kI pratinidhi ye pakhaMr3iyA~ dagdha ho rahI haiN| kaulatantroM se prabhAvita hai, kyoMki zubhacandra (gyArahavIM zatI) aura aMta meM yaha ciMtana kare ki aha~ ke dhyAna se utpanna ina prabala agni hemacandra (bArahavIM zatI) ke pUrva hameM kisI bhI jaina graMtha meM inakI carcA zikhAoM ne aSTakarma rUpI usa adhomukha kamala ko dagdha kara diyA hai nahIM milatI hai| sarvaprathama zubhacandra ne apane jJAnArNava meM aura hemacandra usake bAda tIna koNa vAle svastika tathA agnibIja repha se yukta ne yogazAstrake anta meM dhyAna ke ina cAroM AlambanoM kI carcA kI hai| vahnipura kA ciMtana karanA cAhie aura yaha anubhava karanA cAhie ki usa inake pUrva ke kisI bhI AcArya ne ina cAroM AlambanoM kI koI carcA repha se nikalI huI jvAlAoM ne aSTakarmoM ke sAtha-sAtha mere isa zarIra nahIM kI hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, piNDastha- dhyAna ke antargata dhAraNAe~ haiM- ko bhI bhasmIbhUta kara diyA hai| isake pazcAt usa agni ke zAMta hone kI 1. pArthivI, 2. AgneyI, 3. mAruti, 4. vAruNI aura 5. tttvvtii| dhAraNA kre| vastuta: dhyAna ke ina cAra AlambanoM meM aura paJca dhAraNAoM meM dhyAna kA (ga) vAyavIya dhAraNA- AgneyI dhAraNA ke pazcAt sAdhaka viSaya sthUla se sUkSma hotA jAtA hai| Age hama saMkSepa meM inakI carcA yaha ciMtana kare ki samagra loka ke parvatoM ko calAyamAna kara dene meM aura kreNge| dhyAna ke ina cAroM AlambanoM yA dhyeyoM aura pAMcoM dhAraNAoM ko samudroM ko bhI kSubdha kara dene meM samartha pracaNDa pavana baha rahA hai tathA mere jainoM ne kaulataMtra se gRhIta karake apane DhaMga se kisa prakAra samAyojita deha aura ATha karmoM ke bhasmIbhUta hone se jo rAkha banI thI, use vaha kiyA hai yaha nimna vivaraNa se spaSTa ho jaayegaa| pracaNDa pavana vega se ur3Akara le jA rahA hai| aMta meM yaha ciMtana karanA (1) piNDastha dhyAna- dhyAna-sAdhanA ke lie prArambha meM koI cahie ki usa rAkha ko ur3Akara yaha pavana bhI zAMta ho rahA hai| na koI Alambana lenA Avazyaka hotA hai| sAtha hI isake kSetra meM pragati (gha) vAruNIya dhAraNA- vAyavIya dhAraNA ke pazcAt sAdhaka ke lie yaha bhI Avazyaka hotA hai ki ina AlambanoM kA viSaya kramazaH yaha ciMtana kare ki ardhacandrAkAra kalAbindu se yukta varuNa bIja 'vaM' se sthUla se sUkSma hotA jaaye| piNDastha dhyAna meM Alambana kA viSaya sabase utpanna amRta ke samAna jala se yukta meghamAlAoM se AkAza vyApta hai sthUla hotA hai| piNDa zabda ke do artha haiM- zarIra athavA bhautika vstu| aura ina meghamAlAoM se jo jala barasa rahA hai, usane zarIra aura karmoM piNDa zabda kA artha zarIra lene para piNDastha dhyAna kA artha hogA- kI jo bhasmI ur3I thI use bhI dho diyA hai| Antarika zArIrika gatividhiyoM para dhyAna kendrita karanA, jise hama (Ga) tattvavatI dhAraNA- uparyukta cAroM dhAraNAoM ke dvArA zarIraprekSA bhI kaha sakate haiM, kintu piNDa kA artha bhautika tattva karane para saptadhAtuoM se bane zarIra aura aSTakarmoM ke samApta ho jAne para sAdhaka pArthivI Adi dhAraNAyeM bhI piNDastha dhyAna ke antargata hI A jAtI haiN| pUrNacandra ke samAna nirmala evaM ujjavala kAMti vAle vizuddha Atmatattva ye dhAraNAyeM nimna haiM kA ciMtana kare aura yaha anubhava kare ki usa siMhAsana para AsIna merI (ka) pArthivIdhAraNA- AcArya hemacaMdra ke yogazAstra ke anusAra zuddha-buddha-AtmA arahaMta svarUpa hai| pArthivIdhAraNA meM sAdhaka ko madhyaloka ke samAna eka ativistRta isa prakAra kI dhyAna-sAdhanA ke phala kI carcA karate hue kSIrasAgara kA ciMtana karanA caahie| phira yaha vicAra karanA cAhie ki AcArya hemacandra kahate haiM ki piNDastha dhyAna ke rUpa meM ina pA~coM usa kSIrasAgara ke madhya meM jambUdvIpa ke samAna eka lAkha yojana vistAra dhAraNAoM kA abhyAsa karane vAle sAdhaka kA uccATana, mAraNa, mohana, vAlA aura eka hajAra paMkhur3iyoM vAlA eka kamala hai| usa kamala ke madhya stambhana Adi sambandhI duSTa vidyAyeM aura mAMtrika zaktiyA~ kucha bhI nahIM meM dedIpyamAna svarNima AbhA se yukta meru parvata ke samAna eka lAkha bigAr3a sakatI haiN| DAkinI-zAkiniyA~, kSudra yoginiyA~, bhUta, preta, yojana U~cI karNikA hai, usa karNikA ke Upara eka ujjavala zveta pizAcAdi duSTa prANI usake teja ko sahana karane meM samartha nahIM haiN| usake siMhasAna hai, usa siMhAsana para AsIna hokara merI AtmA aSTakarmoM kA teja se ve trAsa ko prApta hote haiN| siMha, sarpa Adi hiMsaka jantu bhI samUla ucchedana kara rahI hai| stambhita hokara usase dUra hI rahate haiN| (kha) AgneyIdhAraNA- jJAnArNava aura yogazAstra meM isa dhAraNA yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki hemacandra ne apane yogazAstra meM (7/8ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki sAdhaka apane nAbhimaNDala meM solaha 28) tAntrika paramparA kI ina pA~coM dhAraNAoM ko svIkAra karake bhI paMkhur3iyoM vAle kamala kA ciMtana kre| phira usa kamala kI karNikA para unheM jaina dharma-darzana kI Atmavizuddhi kI avadhAraNA se yojita kiyA ahaM kI, aura pratyeka paMkhur3I para kramaza: a, A, i, I, u, U R R, hai| kyoMki ina dhAraNAoM ke mAdhyama se ve aSTakarmoM ke nAza ke dvArA lU, e, ai, o, au, aM, a:- ina solaha svaroM kI sthApanA kreN| zuddha AtmadazA meM avasthita hone kA hI nirdeza karate haiM, kintu jaba ve
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________________ 476 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 isI piNDastha dhyAna kI pA~coM dhAraNAoM ke phala kI carcA karate haiM, to kiyA jAtA hai| isa dhyAna kA sAdhaka-yogI sarvaprathama hRdayakamala meM spaSTa aisA lagatA hai ki ve tAMtrika paramparA se prAbhAvita haiM, kyoMki yahA~ sthita karNikA meM isa pada kI sthApanA karatA hai tathA vacana-vilAsa kI unhoMne unhIM bhautika upalabdhiyoM kI carcA kI hai jo prakArAntara se utpatti ke advitIya kAraNa svara tathA vyaMjana se yukta, paMcaparameSThi ke tAMtrika sAdhanA kA uddezya hotI hai| vAcaka, mUrdhA meM sthita caMdrakalA se jharanevAle amRta ke rasa se sarAbora mahAmaMtra praNava (OM) zvAsa ko nizcala karake kumbhaka dvArA dhyAna karatA (2) padastha dhyAna hai| isa dhyAna kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki stambhana kArya meM pIta, vazIkaraNa jisa prakAra piNDastha dhyAna meM dhyeyabhautika piNDa yA zarIra meM lAla, kSobhana meM mUMge ke raMga ke samAna, vidveSaNa meM kRSNa, karmanAza hotA hai usI prakAra padastha dhyAna meM dhyAna kA Alambana pavitra maMtrAkSara, avasthA meM caMdramA kI prabhA ke samAna ujjavala varNa kA dhyAna kiyA bIjAkSara yA mAtRkApada hote haiN| padastha dhyAna kA artha hai padoM arthAt svara jAtA hai| aura vyaJjanoM kI viziSTa racanAoM ko apane dhyAna kA Alambana yA hemacandra ke anusAra paMcaparameSThi nAmaka dhyAna meM prathama hRdaya meM dhyeya bnaanaa| isa dhyAna ke antargata mAtRkApadoM arthAt svara-vyaJjanoM para ATha paMkhur3IvAle kamala kI sthApanA karake karNikA ke madhya meM saptAkSara hI dhyAna kendrita kiyA jAtA hai| isa padastha dhyAna meM zarIra ke tIna 'arahaMtANaM' pada kA cintana kiyA jAtA hai| tatpazcAt cAroM dizAoM ke kendroM arthAt nAbhikamala, hRdayakamala tathA mukhakamala kI kalpanA kI cAra patroM para kramaza: 'Namo siddhANaM, Namo AyariyANaM, Namo uvajjhAyANaM jAtI hai| isameM nAbhikamala ke rUpa meM solaha paMkhur3iyoM vAle kamala kI tathA Namo loe savvasAhUNaM' kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai tathA cAra vidizAoM kalpanA karake usakI una paMkhur3iyoM para solaha svaroM kA sthApana kiyA ke patroM para kramaza: "eso paMcaNamukkAro savvapAvappaNAsaNo, maMgalANaM ca jAtA hai| hRdayakamala meM karNikA sahita caubIsa paTala vAle kamala kI savvesiM, paDhamaM havai magalaM' kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| zubhacaMdra ke kalpanA kI jAtI hai aura usakI madhyakarNikA tathA caubIsa paTaloM para matAnusAra madhya evaM pUrvAdi cAra dizAoM meM to Namo arahaMtANaM Adi kA kramazaH ka, kha, ga, gha Adi 'ka' varga se 'pa' varga taka ke paccIsa tathA cAra vidizAoM meM kramaza: 'samyagdarzanAya namaH, samyagjJAnAya namaH vyaJjanoM kI sthApanA karake unakA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra samyak cAritrAya namaH tathA samyagtapase nama:' kA ciMtana kiyA jAtA hai| aSTapaTalayukta mukhakamala kI kalpanA karake usake una aSTa paTaloM para inake atirikta ina donoM namaskAramaMtra se sambandhita aneka ya, ra, la, va, za, Sa, sa, ha,- ina ATha vargoM kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA aise mantroM yA padoM kA ullekha hai jinakA dhyAna yA japa karane se hai| cUMki sampUrNa vAGmaya inhI mAtRkApadoM se nirmita hai, ata: ina manovyAdhiyAM zAnta hotI haiM, kaSToM kA parihAra hotA hai tathA karmoM kA mAtRkApadoM kA dhyAna karane se vyakti sampUrNa zruta kA jJAtA ho jAtA hai Asrava ruka jAtA hai| inakI vistRta carcA hama tantra sAdhanA aura jaina dharma (yogazAstra 8/1-5) / nAmaka pustaka meM kara cuke haiN| jJAnArNava ke anusAra maMtra va varNoM (svara-vyaJjanoM) ke dhyAna meM isa prakAra padastha dhyAna meM citta ko sthita karane ke lie samasta padoM kA svAmI 'ahaM' mAnA gayA hai, jo repha kalA evaM bindu se mAtRkA padoM bIjAkSaroM evaM maMtrAkSaroM kA Alambana kiyA jAtA hai| yukta anAhata maMtrarAja hai| isa dhyAna ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki sAdhaka jainAcAryoM ne yaha to mAnA hai ki isa padastha dhyAna se vibhinna ko eka suvarNamaya kamala kI kalpanA karake usake madhya meM karNikA para labdhiyA~ yA alaukika zaktiyA~ bhI prApta hotI haiM, kintu ve sAdhaka ko virAjamAna, niSkalaMka, nirmala caMdra kI kiraNoM jaise AkAza evaM saMpUrNa inase dUra rahane kA hI nirdeza karate haiM, kyoMki unakA lakSya citta ko dizAoM meM vyApta 'ahaM' maMtra kA smaraNa karanA caahie| tatpazcAt use zuddha aura ekAgra karanA hai, na ki bhautika upalabdhiA~ prApta krnaa| mukhakamala meM praveza karate hue, pravalayoM meM bhramaNa karate hue, netrapAlakoM (3) rUpastha dhyAna- isa dhyAna meM sAdhaka apane mana ko aha~ para sphurita hote hue, bhAla maNDala meM sthira hote hue, tAlurandhra se bAhara para kendrita karatA hai arthAt unake guNoM evaM AdarzoM kA cintana karatA nikalate hue, amRta kI varSA karate hue, ujjvala caMdramA ke sAtha spardhA hai| arhata ke svarUpa kA Avalambana karake jo dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai vaha karate hue, jyotirmaNDala meM bhramaNa karate hue, AkAza meM saMcaraNa karate dhyAna rUpastha dhyAna kahalAtA hai| rUpastha dhyAna kA sAdhaka rAgadveSAdi hue tathA mokSa ke sAtha milApa karate hue kumbhaka ke samAna sampUrNa vikAroM se rahita samasta guNoM, pratihAryoM evaM atizayoM se yukta jinendradeva avayavoM meM vyApta hone kA cintana karanA caahie| kA nirmala citta se dhyAna karatA hai| vastuta: yaha saguNa paramAtmA kA isa prakAra citta evaM zarIra meM isakI sthApanA dvArA mana ko dhyAna hai| kramazaH sUkSmatA ke 'arha maMtra para keMdrita kiyA jAtA hai| aha~ ke svarUpa (4) rUpAtIta dhyAna- rUpAtIta dhyAna kA artha hai rUpa-raMga se meM apane ko sthira karane para sAdhaka ke antaraMga meM eka aisI jyoti atIta niraMjana, nirAkAra, jJAna svarUpa evaM AnandasvarUpa siddha paramAtmA prakaTa hotI hai, jo akSaya tathA atIndriya hotI hai| isI jyoti kA nAma kA smaraNa krnaa| isa avasthA meM dhyAtA dhyeya ke sAtha ekatva kI hI Atmajyoti hai tathA isI se sAdhaka ko AtmajJAna kI prApti hotI hai| anubhUti karatA hai| ata: isa avasthA ko samarasIbhAva bhI kahA gayA hai| praNava nAmaka dhyAna meM aha~ ke sthAna para 'OM' pada kA dhyAna isa taraha piNDastha, padastha, rUpastha tathA rUpAtIta dhyAnoM dvArA
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________________ jaina sAdhanA meM dhyAna 477 kramaza: bhautika tattvoM yA zarIra, mAtRkApadoM, sarvajJadeva tathA siddhAtmA koI viziSTa paddhati thii| yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki sAdhakoM kI prakRti ke kA ciMtana kiyA jAtA hai; kyoMki sthUla dhyeyoM ke bAda kramaza sUkSma aura anurUpa dhyAna-sAdhanA kI ekAdhika paddhatiyAM bhI pracalita rahI hoM, sUkSmatara dhyeya kA dhyAna karane se mana meM sthiratA AtI hai aura dhyAtA evaM kintu AgamoM kI antima vAcanA taka ve vilupta hone lagI thiiN| jisa dhyeya meM koI antara nahIM raha jaataa| rAmaputta kA nirdeza bhagavAn buddha ke dhyAna ke zikSaka ke rUpa meM milatA hai, unakA ullekha jaina paraMparA ke prAcIna AgamoM meM jaise sUtrakRtAMga, jaina dharma meM dhyAna-sAdhanA kA vikAsakrama aMtakRdadazA, aupapAtikadazA, RSibhASita Adi meM honA 4 isa bAta jaina dharma meM dhyAnasAdhanA kI paramparA prAcInakAla se hI upalabdha kA pramANa hai ki nirgrantha paramparA rAmaputta kI dhyAna-sAdhanA kI paddhati se hotI hai| sarvaprathama hameM AcArAMga meM mahAvIra ke dhyAna sAdhanA saMbaMdhI prabhAvita thii| bauddha paramparA kI vipazyanA aura nigraMtha paramparA kI aneka sandarbha upalabdha hote haiN| AcArAMga ke anusAra mahAvIra apane AcArAMga kI dhyAna sAdhanA meM jo kucha nikaTatA parilakSita hotI hai, vaha sAdhanAtmaka jIvana meM adhikAMza samaya dhyAna-sAdhanA meM hI lIna rahate yaha sUcita karatI hai ki sambhavata: donoM kA mUla srota rAmaputta kI dhyaanthe|88 AcArAMga se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki mahAvIra ne na kevala paddhati hI rahI hogii| isa saMbaMdha meM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se adhyayana kiyA cittavRttiyoM ke sthirIkaraNa kA abhyAsa kiyA thA, apitu unhoMne dRSTi ke jAnA apekSita hai| sthirIkaraNa kA bhI abhyAsa kiyA thaa| isa sAdhanA meM ve apalaka hokara SaT AvazyakoM meM kAyotsarga ko bhI eka Avazyaka mAnA dIvAra Adi kisI eka bindu para dhyAna kendrita karate the| isa sAdhanA meM gayA hai| kAyotsarga dhyAna-sAdhanApUrvaka hI hotA hai, isameM koI saMdeha nahIM unakI AMkheM lAla ho jAtI thIM aura bAhara kI ora nikala AtI thIM, hai| pratikramaNa meM aneka bAra kAyotsarga (dhyAna) kiyA jAtA hai| vartamAnakAla jinheM dekhakara dUsare loga bhayabhIta bhI hote the|89 AcArAMga ke ye meM bhI yaha paramparA avicchinna rUpa se jIvita hai| Aja bhI dhyAna kI isa ullekha isa bAta ke spaSTa pramANa haiM ki mahAvIra ne dhyAna-sAdhanA kI paramparA meM AcAra saMbaMdhI doSoM ke cintana ke atirikta namaskAra maMtra, bAhma aura Abhyantara aneka vidhiyoM kA prayoga kiyA thaa| ve apramatta caturviMzatistava ke mAdhyama se paMcaparameSThi athavA tIrthaMkaroM kA dhyAna (jAgrata) hokara samAdhipUrvaka dhyAna karate the| aise bhI ullekha upalabdha kiyA jAtA hai| huA mAtra yaha hai ki dhyAna kI isa samagra prakiyA meM, jo hote haiM ki mahAvIra ke ziSya- praziSyoM meM bhI yaha dhyAna-sAdhanA kI sajagatA apekSita thI, vaha samApta ho gayI hai aura ye saba dhyAna saMbaMdhI pravRtti nirantara banI rhii| uttarAdhyayana meM munijIvana kI dinacaryA kA prakriyAeM rUr3hi mAtra banakara raha gaI haiN| yadyapi ina prakriyAoM kI vivecana karate hue spaSTa rUpa se nirdeza diyA gayA hai ki muni dina aura upasthiti se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki dhyAna kI ina prakriyAoM se cetanA se rAtri ke dvitIya prahara meM dhyAna sAdhanA kre|90 mahAvIrakAlIna sAdhakoM ke satata rUpa se jAgrata yA jJAtA-draSTA- bhAva meM sthira rakhane kA prayAsa dhyAna kI koSThopagata vizeSatA AgamoM meM upalabdha hotI hai| yaha isa bAta kiyA jAtA rahA hai| kI sUcaka hai ki usa yuga meM dhyAna-sAdhanA muni jIvana kA eka Agama yuga taka jaina dharma meM dhyAna kA uddezya mukhya rUpa se Avazyaka aMga thii| bhadrabAha dvArA nepAla meM jAkara mahAprANa dhyAna kI Atmazuddhi yA cAritrazuddhi hI thA athavA yoM kaheM ki vaha citta ko sAdhanA karane kA ullekha bhI milatA hai|91 isI prakAra durbalikApuSyamitra samabhAva meM sthira rakhane kA prayAsa thaa| kI dhyAna sAdhanA kA ullekha AvazyakacUrNi meM hai|92 yadyapi AgamoM meM madhya yuga meM jaba bhArata meM taMtra aura haThayoga saMbaMdhI sAdhanAeM dhyAna saMbaMdhI nirdeza to haiM, kintu mahAvIra aura unake anuyAyiyoM kI pramukha banI to unake prabhAva se jaina dhyAna kI prakriyA meM parivartana aayaa| dhyAna prakriyA kA vistRta vivaraNa unameM upalabdha nahIM hai| Agamika kAla meM dhyAna-sAdhanA meM zarIra, indriya, mana aura cittamahAvIra ke yuga meM zramaNa paramparA meM aise aneka zramaNa the vRttiyoM ke prati sajaga hokara cetanA ko draSTAbhAva yA sAkSIbhAva meM sthira jinakI apanI-apanI dhyAna-sAdhanA kI viziSTa paddhatiyAM thii| inameM kiyA jAtA thA, jisase zarIra aura mana ke udvega aura AkulatAeM zAnta buddha aura mahAvIra ke samakAlIna kintu unase jyeSTha rAmaputta kA hama ho jAtI thiiN| dUsare zabdoM meM vaha caitasika samatva arthAt sAmAyika kI prArambha meM hI ullekha kara cuke haiN| AcArAMgasUtra meM sAdhakoM ke sambandha sAdhanA thI, jisakA kucha rUpa Aja bhI vipazyanA meM upalabdha hai| kintu meM vipassI93 aura pAsaga jaise vizeSaNa milate haiN| isase aisA lagatA jaise-jaise bhAratIya samAja meM taMtra aura haThayoga kA prabhAva bar3hA vaisa-vaise hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kI nirgrantha paramparA meM bhI jJAtA-draSTAbhAva meM jaina sAdhanApaddhati meM bhI parirvatana aayaa| jaina dhyAnapaddhati meM padastha, cetanA ko sthira rakhane ke lie vipazyanA jaisI koI dhyAna sAdhanA kI piNDastha, rUpastha Adi dhyAna kI vidhiyA~ aura pArthivI, AgneyI, paddhati rahI hogii| usameM zvAsocchavAsa prekSA, zarIra prekSA, kaSAya yA citta vAyavIya aura vAruNIya jaisI dhAraNAeM sammilita huiiN| bIjAkSaroM tathA prekSA ke saMketa to haiM kintu vistRta vivaraNoM ke abhAva meM Aja usa maMtroM kA dhyAna karane kI paramparA vikasita huI aura SaTcakroM ke bhedana kA paddhati kI sampUrNa prakriyA kI carcA nahIM kI jA sakatI, parantu AcArAMga prayAsa bhI huaa| yaha spaSTa hai ki yaha saba kaulatantra evaM haThayoga se jaina jaise prAcIna Agama meM ina zabdoM kI upasthiti isa tathya kI sUcaka paramparA meM aayaa| avazya hai ki usa yuga meM dhyAna- sAdhanA kI jaina paramparA kI apanI yadi hama jaina paramparA meM dhyAna kI prakriyA kA itihAsa dekhate
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________________ 478 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 huI thii| haiM to yaha spaSTa lagatA hai ki usa para anya bhAratIya dhyAna evaM yoga kI punarsthApita karanA thaa| bhagavAn buddha kI dhyAna- sAdhanA kI vipazyanA paramparAoM kA prabhAva AyA hai, jo haribhadra ke pUrva se hI prAraMbha ho gayA paddhati kI jo eka jIvita paramparA kisI prakAra se barmA meM bacI rahI thI, thaa| haribhadra unakI dhyAna-vidhi ko lekara bhI usameM apanI paramparA ke vaha satyanArAyaNajI goyanakA ke mAdhyama se puna: bhArata meM apane jIvaMta anurUpa bahuta kucha parivartana kiye the| pUrva madhyayuga kI jaina dhyAna- rUpa meM lauttii| usa dhyAna kI jIvaMta paramparA ke AdhAra para jainoM ko, sAdhanA-vidhi usa yuga kI yoga-sAdhanA-vidhi se paryApta rUpa se prabhAvita bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dhyAna-sAdhanA kI paddhati kyA rahI hogI, isakA AbhAsa huaa| jaina samAja kA yaha bhI sadbhAgya hai ki kucha jaina muni evaM madhyayuga meM dhyAna-sAdhanA kA prayoga bhI bdlaa| prAcIna kAla sAdhviyAM unakI vipazyanA kI sAdhanA-paddhati se judd'e| saMyoga se muni zrI meM dhyAna-sAdhanA kA prayojana mAtra Atma-vizuddhi yA caitasika samatva nathamalajI (AcArya mahAprajJa) jaise prAjJa sAdhaka vipazyanA sAdhanA se jur3e thA, kintu umAsvAti (IsA kI tIsarI-cauthI zatI) ke yuga meM usake aura unhoMne vipazyanA dhyAna-paddhati tathA haThayoga kI prAcIna dhyAnasAtha vibhinna RddhiyoM aura labdhiyoM kI carcA bhI jur3I aura yaha mAnA paddhati ko Adhunika manovijJAna evaM zarIravijJAna ke AdhAroM para parakha jAne lagA ki dhyAna-sAdhanA se vividha alaukika zaktiyA~ prApta kI jA aura unheM jaina sAdhanA paramparA se ApUrita karake prekSAdhyAna kI jainadhArA sakatI haiN| tattvArthabhASya meM umAsvAti ne dhyAna se siddha hone vAlI vidhi ko punarjIvita kiyA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki Aja prekSAdhyAna prakriyA jaina labdhiyoM kI vistRta carcA kI hai jinakA ullekha hama sUrimantra kI dhyAna kI eka vaijJAnika paddhati ke rUpa meM apanA astitva banA cukI hai| sAdhanA ke prasaMga meM kara cuke hai| usakI vaijJAnikatA aura upayogitA para bhI koI praznacihna nahIM lagAyA dhyAna kI prabhAvazIlatA ko banAe rakhane ke lie yaha Avazyaka jA sakatA hai, kintu usake vikAsa meM satyanArAyaNajI goyanakA dvArA to thA, kintu isake anya pariNAma bhI sAmane aaye| jaba aneka sAdhaka bhArata lAyI gayI vipazyanA dhyAna kI sAdhanA-paddhati ke yogadAna ko bhI ina haThayogI sAdhanAoM ke mAdhyama se Rddhi yA labdhi prApta karane meM vismRta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| Aja prekSAdhyAna paddhati nizcita rUpa se asamartha rahe to unhoMne yaha mAna liyA ki vartamAna yuga meM dhyAna-sAdhanA vipazyanA kI RNI hai| goyanakA jI kA RNa svIkAra kie binA hama saMbhava hI nahIM hai| dhyAna-sAdhanA kI siddhi kevala uttama saMhanana ke dhAraka apanI prAmANikatA ko siddha nahIM kara skeNge| sAtha hI isa navIna paddhati muniyoM athavA pUrvadharoM ko hI saMbhava thii| aise bhI aneka ullekha upalabdha ke vikAsa meM AcArya mahAprajJajI kA jo mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai, use hote haiM jinameM kahA gayA hai ki paMcamakAla meM uccakoTi kA dharmadhyAna yA bhI nahIM bhulAyA jA sktaa| unhoMne vipazyanA se bahuta kucha lekara bhI zukladhyAna saMbhava nahIM hai| madhyayuga meM dhyAna prakriyA meM kaise-kaise use prAcIna haThayoga kI SaTcakra bhedana Adi kI avadhAraNA se tathA parivartana hue, yaha bAta prAcIna AgamoM meM tattvArthasUtra kI TIkAoM, Adhunika manovijJAna aura zarIra vijJAna se jisa prakAra samanvita aura digambara jaina purANoM, zrAvakAcAroM evaM haribhadra, zubhacandra, hemacandra Adi paripuSTa kiyA hai, vaha unakI apanI pratibhA kA camatkAra hai| yahA~ vistAra ke graMthoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se spaSTa ho jAtI hai| madhyakAla meM dhyAna se na to vipazyanA ke sandarbha meM aura na prekSAdhyAna ke sandarbha meM kucha kaha kI niSedhaka aura samarthaka donoM dhArAeM sAtha-sAtha saMbhava na ho, kintu pAnA saMbhava hai, kintu yaha satya hai ki dhyAna-sAdhanA kI ina paddhatiyoM dharmadhyAna kI sAdhanA to saMbhava hai| mAtra yaha hI nahIM, madhyayuga meM ko apanA kara jaina sAdhaka na kevala jaina dhyAna-paddhati ke prAcIna svarUpa dharmadhyAna ke svarUpa meM kAphI kucha parirvatana kiyA gayA aura usameM anya kA kucha AsvAda kareMge, apitu tanAvoM se paripUrNa jIvana meM AdhyAtmika paramparAoM kI aneka dhAraNAeM sammilita ho gyiiN| jaise piNDastha, zAnti aura samatA kA AsvAda bhI le skeNge| padastha, rUpastha aura rUpAtIta dhyAna, pArthivI, AgneyI, vAyavIya, samyak jIvana jIne ke lie vipazyanA aura prekSAdhyAna paddhatiyoM vAruNIya evaM tattvavatI dhAraNAe~, mAtRkApadoM evaM maMtrAkSaroM kA dhyAna, kA abhyAsa aura adhyayana Avazyaka hai| hama AcArya mahAprajJa ke prANAyAma, SaTcakrabhedana Adi isa yuga meM dhyAna saMbaMdhI svataMtra sAhitya isalie bhI RNI haiM ki unhoMne na kevala prekSAdhyAna-paddhati kA vikAsa kA bhI paryApta vikAsa huaa| jhANAjjhayaNa (dhyAnazataka) se lekara kiyA apitu usake abhyAsa kendroM kI sthApanA bhI kii| sAtha hI jIvana jJAnArNava, dhyAnastava, yogazAstra Adi aneka svataMtra graMtha bhI dhyAna para vijJAna graMthamAlA ke mAdhyama se prekSAdhyAna se saMbaMdhita lagabhaga 48 likhe gye| madhyayuga tantra, haThayoga aura jaina dhyAna ke samanvaya kA yuga laghupustikAeM likhakara unhoMne jaina dhyAna-sAhitya ko mahattvapUrNa avadAna kahA jA sakatA haiN| isa kAla meM jaina dhyAna-paddhati yoga paramparA se, bhI diyA hai| vizeSa rUpa se haThayoga kI paramparA se evaM tAMtrika paramparA se paryApta rUpa yaha bhI prasannatA kA viSaya hai ki vipazyanA aura prekSA kI se prabhAvita aura samanvita huii| dhyAna-paddhatiyoM se preraNA pAkara AcArya nAnAlAlajI ne samIkSaNa dhyAna___Adhunika yuga taka yahI sthiti calatI rhii| Adhunika yuga meM vidhi ko prastuta kiyA aura isa saMbaMdha meM eka-do prAraMbhika pustikAeM bhI jaina dhyAna-sAdhanA kI paddhati meM punaH eka krAntikArI parivartana AyA hai| nikAlI haiM; kintu prekSAdhyAna-vidhi kI tulanA meM unameM na to pratipAdya isa krAnti kA mUlabhUta kAraNa to zrI satyanArAyaNajI goyanakA dvArA viSaya kI spaSTatA hai aura na vaijJAnika prastutIkaraNa hii| abhI-abhI krodha bauddhoM kI prAcIna vipazyanA sAdhanA-paddhati ko barmA se lAkara bhArata meM samIkSaNa Adi eka-do pustakeM aura bhI prakAra meM AyI haiM kintu isa
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________________ jaina sAdhanA meM dhyAna 479 paddhati ko vaijJAnika aura prAyogika banAne ke lie abhI unheM bahuta kucha ora bhI vidvAnoM kA dhyAna AkarSita huA hai| dhyAnazataka, dhyAnastava, karanA zeSa rahatA hai| jJAnArNava Adi dhyAna aura yoga saMbaMdhI graMthoM kI samAlocanAtmaka bhUmikA tathA hindI anuvAda ke sAtha prakAzana isa dizA meM mahattvapUrNa prayatna vartamAna yuga aura dhyAna kahA jA sakatA hai| punaH haribhadra ke yoga saMbaMdhI graMthoM kA svataMtra rUpa se vartamAna yuga meM jahAM eka ora yoga aura dhyAna saMbaMdhI sAdhanAoM yoga catuSTaya ke rUpa meM prakAzana isa kar3I kA eka alaga caraNa hai| paM0 ke prati AkarSaNa bar3hA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora yoga aura dhyAna ke adhyayana sukhalAlajI kA 'samadarzI haribhadra' arhadAsa baMDobA dighe kA pArzvanAtha aura zodha meM bhI vidvAnoM kI ruci jAgRta huI hai| Aja bhArata kI apekSA vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna se prakAzita -jaina yoga kA AlocanAtmaka pAzcAtya dezoM meM yoga aura dhyAna ke prati vizeSa AkarSaNa dekhA jAtA hai, adhyayana', maMgalA sAMDa kA 'bhAratIya yoga' Adi gaveSANAtmaka dRSTi se kyoMki bhautika AkAMkSAoM ke kAraNa jIvana meM jo tanAva A gaye haiM, mahattvapUrNa prakAzana kahe jA sakate haiN| aMgrejI bhASA meM viliyama jemsa kA ve usase mukti cAhate haiN| Aja bhAratIya yoga aura dhyAna kI sAdhanA- 'jaina yoga', DaoN0 nathamala TATiyA kI 'Studies in Jaina PhilosopaddhatiyoM ko apane-apane DhaMga se pazcima ke logoM kI ruci ke anukUla phy', padmanAbha jainI kA 'Jain Path of Purification' Adi bhI isa banAkara videzoM meM niryAta kiyA jA rahA hai| yoga aura dhyAna kI sAdhanA kSetra kI mahattvapUrNa kRtiyAM haiM jaina dhyAna aura yoga ko lekara likhI gaI meM zArIrika vikRtiyoM aura mAnasika tanAvoM ko samApta karane kI jo munizrI nathamalajI (AcArya mahAprajJa) kI 'jaina yoga 'cetanA kA UrdhvAroharaNa', zakti rahI huI hai, usake kAraNa bhogavAdI aura mAnasika tanAvoM se 'kisane kahA mana caMcala hai', 'AbhAmaNDala' Adi tathA AcArya tulasI saMtrasta pazcimI dezoM ke loga caitasika zAnti kA anubhava karate haiM aura kI prekSA-anuprekSA Adi kRtiyAM isa dRSTi se atyaMta hI mahattvapUrNa haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki unakA yoga aura dhyAna ke prati AkarSaNa bar3ha rahA hai| unameM pAzcAtya manovijJAna aura zarIra-vijJAna kA tathA bhAratIya haThayoga ina sAdhanA-paddhatiyoM kA abhyAsa karAne ke lie bhArata se paripakva evaM kI SaTcakra kI avadhAraNA ko bhI apane DhaMga se samanvita kiyA hai| aparipakva donoM hI prakAra ke guru videzoM kI yAtrA kara rahe haiN| yadyapi unakI ye kRtiyAM jaina yoga aura dhyAna-sAdhanA ke lie avazya mIla kA aparipakva, bhogAkAMkSI tathAkathita guruoM ke dvArA dhyAna aura yoga- patthara sAbita hogii| sAdhanA kA pazcima meM pahuMcanA bhAratIya dhyAna aura yoga paramparA kI mUlyavattA evaM pratiSThA donoM hI dRSTi se khatare se khAlI nahIM hai| Aja saMdarbha jahAM pazcima meM bhAvAtIta dhyAna, sAdhanA bhakti vedAnta, rAmakRSNa mizana 1. Mohenjodaro and Indus Civilization, John marshall Adi ke kAraNa bhAratIya dhyAna evaM yoga-sAdhanA kI lokapriyatA bar3hI hai Pub.- Indological Book House, Delhi, 1973 Vol. I. vahIM rajanIza Adi ke kAraNa use eka jhaTakA bhI lagA hai| Aja zrI Page 52cittamunijI, svargIya AcArya suzIlakumArajI, DaoN0 hukamacandra bhArilla 2. Dictonary of Pali Proper Names, By G.P. MalalaAdi ne jaina dhyAna aura sAdhanA-vidhi se pAzcAtya dezoM meM base hue jainoM Sekhara Pub.- John Murray, Albemarle Street, ko paricita karAyA hai| terApaMtha kI kucha jaina samaNiyoM ne bhI videzoM me London, (1937) Vol. I. P. 382-83. jAkara prekSAdhyAna-vidhi se unheM paricita karAyA hai| yadyapi inameM kauna 3. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, saMpA, madhukara muni, prakA0- zrI Agama prakAzana kahAM taka saphala huA hai yaha eka alaga prazna haiM, kyoMki sabhI ke samiti, vyAvara, 1982, 1/3/4/2-3 apane-apane dAve haiN| phira bhI itanA to nizcita hai ki Aja pUrva aura 4.. sthAnAMgasUtra, saMpA, madhukara muni, prakA0- zrI Agama prakAzana pazcima donoM meM hI dhyAna aura yoga-sAdhanA ke prati ruci jAgRta huI hai| samiti, vyAvara, 1981, 10/133 (isameM antakRtdazA kI ata: AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki yoga aura dhyAna kI jaina vidhi prAcIna viSaya vastu kA ullekha hai) suyogya sAdhakoM aura anubhavI logoM ke mAdhyama se hI pUrva-pazcima meM 5. isibhasiyAI- (RSibhASita) saMpA0- mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara, vikasita ho, anyathA jisa prakAra madhyayuga meM haThayoga aura taMtra sAdhanA prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, 1988 adhyAya 23 se prabhAvita hokara bhAratIya yoga aura dhyAna paramparA vikRta huI thI usI 6. vahI, adhyAya 23 / prakAra Aja bhI usake vikRta hone kA khatarA banA rahegA aura logoM kI vahI 22/14 usase AsthA uTha jaayegii| 8. uttarAdhyayanasUtra saMpA0- sAdhvI candanA, prakA0 vIrAyakta prakAzana, AgarA, 1972; 26/18 dhyAna evaM yoga saMbaMdhI sAhitya 9. zramaNasUtra (upAdhyAya amaramuni), prakA0- sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, isa yuga meM gaveSaNAtmaka dRSTi se yoga aura dhyAna saMbaMdhI saM0 2007 prathama saMskaraNa pR0 133-134 sAhitya ko lekara paryApta zodhakArya haA hai| jahAM bhAratIya yoga sAdhanA 10. uttarAdhyayanasUtra saMpA0- sAdhvI candanA, prakA0- vIrAyatana prakAzana, aura pataJjali ke yogasUtra para paryApta kArya hue haiM, vahIM jaina yoga kI AgarA, 1972; 23/55-56
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________________ 480 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 11. bhagavadgItA gItA presa, gorakhapura, 6/34 36. yogazAstra, saMpA0- munisamadarzI, prakA0- sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 12. tattvArthasUtra vive0- paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, prakA0- pArzvanAtha 1963 12/5-6 vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1976; 9/27 37. tattvArthasUtra vive0- paM0 sukhalAla saMdhavI, prakA0- pArzvanAtha 13. gItA, gItA presa, gorakhapura 6/34 vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI 1976 9/27 14. uttarAdhyayanasUtra saMpA0- sAdhvI candanA, prakA0- vIrAyatana prakAzana, 38. vahIM 9/31 AgarA, 1972, 23/56 39. vahIM 9/36 15. puDho chaMdA iha mANavA, puDho dukkhaM pvedit| -AcArAMga 1/5/2/ 40. dhyAnastava (jinabhadra, pra0 vIra sevA maMdira)2 152 aNegacitte khalu ayaM purise, se keyaNaM arihae pUrahattae- 41. tattvArthasUtra vive0- paM0 sukhalAla saMdhavI, pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama AcArAMga sUtra, saMpA0- madhukara muni prakA0- zrI Agama prakAzana zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1976 9/27 samiti, byAvara 1980; /3/2/118 42. bhagavatIArAdhanA, vijayodayA TIkA- dekheM dhyAnazataka prastAvanA 16. dhyAnazataka (jhANAjjhayaNa) jinabhadra kSmAzramaNa, vinayasundara pR0 26. granthamAlA, jAmanagara, vi0saM0 1997 93-96 43. paMcAstikAya kundakunda, prakA0- paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, zrImata 17. vahI, 97-100 rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa, vI0saM0 2495 152 18. vahI, 101 44. NANeNa jhANasiddhi 19. vahI, 102 45. jJAnArNava saMpA0- paM0 bAlacandra zAstrI, jaina saMskRti saMgha, 20. vahI, 103 solApura, 1977 27/23-32 21. vahI, 104 46. vahI, 28/11 22. Avazyakaniyukti prakA0- sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, gA0 1462 47. vahI, 28/10 23. AvazyakasUtra- AgArasUtra (zramaNasUtra-amaramuni) pra0saM0 pR0 376. 48. 'godohiyAe ukkuDayanilijjAe' kalpasUtra 120 24. uttarAdhyayanasUtra saMpA0- sAdhvI candanA, prakA0- vIrAyatana prakAzana, 49. uttarAdhyanasUtra saMpA0- sAdhvI candanA, prakA0- vIrAyatana prakAzana, AgarA, 1972 28/35 AgarA, 1992 26/12 25. tattvArthavArtika saMpA0- mahendra kumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, 50. upAsakadazAMga 8/182 kAzI, 1957 6/24/8 51. uttamasaMhananasyaikAgracintAnirodhe dhyaanm| tattvArthasUtra- 9/26 26. dhavalA, pustaka 8, pR0 88 (dasaNa-NaNa-carittesu sammamavaTThANaM 52. tattvArtha svopajJa bhASya, umAsvAti 9/26 samAhI) 53. jJAnArNava-saMpA0- bAlacandra zAstrI, jaina saMskRti saMgha, solApura yoga: samAdhi dhyAnamityanantaram tttvaarthntrm| tattvArtharAjavArtika 1977 32/95, 36/1-8, mokkhapAhuDa 7 saMpA0- mahendra kumAra jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1957; 54. appA so paramappA 6/1/12 55. tattvAnuzAsana siddhasena gaNi, prakA0- jIvana caMda sAkara da 28. kAyAvAGmanaH karma yogH| tattvArthasUtra vive0 paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI jhaverI, sUrata, 1930 74 prakA0- pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, 1976; 6/ 1 56. mokkhapAhuDa aSTaprAbhRta, kundakunda, prakA0- paramazruta prabhAvaka yogazcittavRtti nirodhH| yogasUtram saMpA0- paM0 dhundhIrAja zAstrI, maMDala, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, AgarA, 1969 5 prakA0- caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja, banArasa, 19301/2 (pataMjali) 57. tattvArthasUtra vive0 paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, prakA0- pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama 30. 'yujaMpI yoge' hemacandra dhAtumAlA, gaNa prakA0- jainagrantha prakArAka zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI 1976 9/31-41 samA, ahamadAbAda, 19307 58. jJAnArNava saMpA0- paM0 bAlacandra zAstrI, jaina saMskRti saMgha, 31. uttarAdhyayanasUtra saMpA0- sAdhvI candanA, prakA0 vIrAyatana prakAzana, solApura, 1977; 4/10-15 AgarA 1972 30/30 59. vahI, 4/16 32. AvazyakasUtra-AgArasUtra 60. vahI, 4/17 33. yogazAstra saMpA0- muni samadarzI, prakA0- sanmati jJAnapITha, 61. vahI, 4/18-19 AgarA, 1963 12/2 62. vahI, 4/33 34. abhidhammatthasaMgaho, saMpA0- bhadanta revatadhamma, prakA0- saMskRta 63. tattvArthasUtra vive0- paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, prakA0- pArzvanAtha vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI, buddhAbda- 2510, 5/1 vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI, 1976; 9/29 35. bhAratIya darzana (dattA) pR0 190 64. vahI 9/30, dhyAnazataka jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa vinayasundara caraNa
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________________ tantra-sAdhanA aura jaina jIvana dRSTi 481 TIkA granthamAlA, jAmanagara, vi0saM0 19975 82. yogazAstra saMpA0 muni samadarzI, prakA0- sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 65. dhavalA, pustaka 13 pR0 70 1963 7/2-6 67. yogasAra, yogIndu deva, prakA0- paramazruta pramAvaka maMDala bambaI, 83. sthAnAMga sUtra, saMpA0- madhukara muni, prakA0- zrI Agama prakAzana 1937, 98 samiti, vyAvara, 1981 4/69 68. jJAnasAra, padmasiMha, TIkA0 trilokacandra, ma0ki0 kApaDiyA, 84. vahI, 4/70 digambara jaina pustakAlaya, sUrata, vI0saM0 2420; 18-28 85. vahI, 4/71 69. dravyasaMgraha (nemIcandra) 48-54 TIkA brahmadava gAthA 48 kI 86. vahI, 4/72 87. tattvArthasUtra vive0 paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, prakA0- pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama 70. padastha maMtravAkyastha- vahI gAthA 48 kI TIkA zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1976 9/36-40 71. zrAvakAcAra (amitagati) pariccheda 15 88. AcArAMga sUtra, saMpA0 madhukara muni, prakA0- zrI Agama prakAzana 72. jJAnArNava (zubhacandra) saMpA0- paM0 bAlacandra zAstrI, jaina saMskRti samiti, vyAvara 1980 1/9/1/6, 1/9/2/4, 1/9/2/ saMgha, solApura, 1977 sarga 32-40 73. sthAnAMgasUtra saMpA0- madhukara muni prakA0- zrI Agama prakAzana 89. vahI, 1/9/1/5 samiti, byAvara, 1981 4/60-40 90. uttarAdhyayana sUtra, saMpA0- sAdhvI candanA, prakA0 vIrAyatana prakAzana 74. vahI, 4/62 AgarA, 1972 26/18 75. vahI, 4/63 91. AvazyakacUrNi bhAga 2 pR0 1887 76. vahI,4/64 92. vahI, bhAga 1 pR0 410 77. vahI, 4/65 93. AcArAMga (AcArya tulasI) jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM 78. vahI, 4/66 1/2/5/125 79. vahI, 4/67 94. vahI, 1/2/3/73, 1/2/6/185 80. vahI, 4/68 96. dekheM- Prakrit Proper Names Ed.- Pt. Dalsukha 81. dhyAnazataka jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa prakA0- vinaya sundara caraNa Malvania, Pub.-L.D. Institute, Ahamadabad, 1972 granthamAlA, jAmanagara, vi0saM0 1997 63 Vol II Page 626. 12 tantra-sAdhanA aura jaina jIvana dRSTi 'tantra' zabda kA artha karate haiM, taba vaha kisI prazAsanika vyavasthA kA sUcaka hotA hai| jaina dharma-darzana aura sAdhanA-paddhati meM tAMtrika sAdhanA ke kauna- mAtra yahI nahIM, apitu AdhyAtmika vizuddhi aura Atma-vizuddhi kauna se tattva kisa-kisa rUpa meM upasthiti haiM, yaha samajhane ke lie ke lie jo viziSTa sAdhanA-vidhiyA~ prastuta kI jAtI haiM, unheM 'taMtra' kahA sarvaprathama taMtra zabda ke artha ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai| vidvAnoM ne taMtra zabda jAtA hai| isa dRSTi se 'taMtra' zabda eka vyApaka artha kA sUcaka hai aura isa kI vyAkhyAe~ aura paribhASAe~ aneka prakAra se kI haiN| unameM se kucha AdhAra para pratyeka sAdhanA-vidhi 'taMtra' kahI jA sakatI hai| vastuta: jaba hama paribhASAe~ vyutpattiparaka haiM aura kucha ruuddhaarthk| vyutpatti kI dRSTi se tantra zaivataMtra, zAktataMtra, vaiSNavataMtra, jainataMtra yA bauddhataMtra kI bAta karate haiM, to zabda 'tan' + '' se banA hai| 'tan' dhAtu vistRta hone yA vyApaka hone kI yahA~ taMtra kA abhiprAya Atma vizuddhi yA cittavizuddhi kI eka viziSTa sUcaka hai aura 'tra' trANa dene yA saMrakSaNa karane kA sUcaka hai| isa prakAra jo paddhati se hI hotA hai| merI jAnakArI ke anusAra isa dRSTi se jaina paramparA AtmA ko vyApakatA pradAna karatA hai aura usakI rakSA karatA hai use tantra meM 'tantra' zabda kA sarvaprathama prayoga AcArya haribhadra ne apane granthoM-paJcAzaka kahA jAtA hai| tAntrika granthoM meM 'tantra' zabda kI nimna vyAkhyA upalabdha hai- aura lalitavistarA (AThavIM zatI) meM kiyA hai| unhoMne paJcAzaka' meM jina tanoti vipulAnarthAn tattvamantrasamanvitAn / Agama ko aura lalitavistarAre meM jaina dharma ke hI eka sampradAya ko 'taMtra' trANaM ca kurute yasmAt tantramityabhidhIyate / / ke nAma se abhihita kiyA hai| isase phalita hotA hai ki lagabhaga AThavIM arthAt jo tattva aura mantra se samanvita vibhinna viSayoM ke vipula zatI se jaina paramparA meM 'taMtra' abhidhAna pracalita huaa| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya jJAna ko pradAna karatA hai aura usa jJAna ke dvArA svayaM evaM dUsaroM kI rakSA hai ki prastuta prasaMga meM Agama ko hI taMtra kahA gayA hai| Age calakara karatA hai, use taMtra kahA jAtA hai| vastuta: taMtra eka vyavasthA kA sUcaka hai| Agama kA vAcaka tantra zabda kisI sAdhanAvidhi dArzanikavidhA kA vAcaka jaba hama taMtra zabda kA prayoga rAjataMtra, prajAtaMtra, kulInataMtra Adi ke rUpa meM bana gyaa| vastuta: taMtra eka dArzanika vidhA bhI hai aura sAdhanAmArga bhii|