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________________ jaina sAdhanA kA AdhAra samyagdarzana sAmAnyatayA jainAgamoM meM ajJAna aura ayathArtha jJAna donoM ke ko samyak-rUpa se nahIM jAna pAtA hai| buddha kahate haiM- "AsvAda doSa lie mithyAtva zabda kA prayoga huA hai| yahI nahIM kinhIM sandarbho meM aura mokSa ko yathArthata: nahIM jAnatA hai, yahI avidyA hai|'6 mithyA ajJAna, ayathArtha jJAna, mithyAtva aura moha samAnArthaka rUpa meM prayukta bhI svabhAva ko spaSTa karate hue buddha kahate haiM 'jo mithyAdRSTi hai- mithyA hue haiN| yahA~ para hama ajJAna zabda kA prayoga eka vistRta artha meM kara rahe samAdhi hai| isI ko mithyA svabhAva kahate haiN|"7 mithyAtva ko hama eka haiM jisameM usake uparokta sabhI artha samAhita haiN| naitika dRSTi se ajJAna aisA dRSTikoNa kaha sakate haiM jo satyatA kI dizA se vimukha hai| saMkSepa naitika-Adarza ke ajJAna kA abhAva aura zubhAzubha viveka kI kamI ko meM mithyAtva asatyAbhiruci hai, rAga aura dveSa ke kAraNa dRSTikoNa kA abhivyakta karatA hai| jaba taka prANI ko sva-svarUpa kA yathArtha jJAna nahIM vikRta ho jAnA hai| hotA hai arthAt maiM kyA hU~? merA Adarza kyA hai? yA mujhe kyA prApta karanA hai? taba taka vaha naitika jIvana meM praviSTa hI nahIM ho sktaa| jaina jaina-darzana meM mithyAtva ke prakAra vicAraka kahate haiM ki jo AtmA ke svarUpa ko nahIM jAnatA, jar3a padArthoM AcArya pUjyapAda devanandI ne mithyAtva ko utpatti kI dRSTi se ke svarUpa ko nahIM jAnatA, vaha kyA saMyama kI ArAdhanA (naitika do prakAra kA batAyA hai: / sAdhanA) karegA? 1. naisargika (anarjita)- jo mithyAtva mohakarma ke udaya se RSibhASitasUtra meM taruNa sAdhaka arhat gAthApatiputra kahate hotA hai, vaha naisargika mithyAtva hai| haiM- ajJAna hI bahuta bar3A duHkha hai| ajJAna se hI bhaya kA janma hotA 2. paropadezapUrvaka- jo mithyA dhAraNA vAle logoM ke haiN| samasta dehadhAriyoM ke lie bhava-paramparA kA mUla vividha rUpoM meM upadeza se svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| ata: yaha arjita yA paropadezapUrvaka vyApta ajJAna hI hai janma-jarA aura mRtyu, bhaya-zoka, mAna aura mithyAtva hai| apamAna sabhI jIvAtmA ke ajJAna se utpanna hue haiN| saMsAra kA pravAha yaha arjita mithyAtva cAra prakAra kA hai(saMtati) ajJAnamUlaka hai|2 (a) kriyAvAdI- AtmA ko kartA mAnanA bhAratIya naitika cintana meM mAtra karmoM kI zubhAzubhatA para hI (ba prakriyAvAdI- AtmA ko akartA mAnanA vicAra nahIM kiyA gayA varan yaha bhI jAnane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA ki (sa) ajJAnI- satya kI prApti ko sambhava nahIM mAnanA karmoM kI zubhAzubhatA kA kAraNa kyA hai| kyoM eka vyakti azubha (da) vainayika- rUr3ha-paramparAoM ko svIkAra krnaa| kRtyoM kI ora prerita hotA hai aura kyoM dUsarA vyakti zubhakRtyoM kI svarUpa kI dRSTi se jainAgamoM meM mithyAtva pA~ca prakAra kA bhI ora prerita hotA hai? gItA meM arjuna yaha prazna uThAtA hai ki he kRSNa! mAnA gayA hai|"8 nahIM cAhate hue bhI sakI preraNA se prerita ho, vaha puruSa pApakarma meM 1. ekAnta- jainatattvajJAna meM vastutatva ko anantadharmAtmaka niyojita hotA hai?3 mAnA gayA hai| usameM samAna jAti ke ananta guNa hI nahIM hote haiM varan jaina darzana ke anusAra isakA jo pratyuttara diyA jA sakatA hai, virodhI guNa bhI samAhita hote haiN| ata: vastu tattva kA ekAMgI jJAna vaha yaha hai ki mithyAtva hI azubha kI ora pravRtti karane kA kAraNa hai| usake sandarbha meM pUrNa satya ko prakaTa nahIM karatA, vaha AMzika satya buddha kA bhI kathana hai ki mithyAtva hI azubhAcaraNa aura samyagdRSTi hI hotA hai, pUrNa satya nhiiN| AMzika satya ko jabapUrNa satya mAna liyA sadAcaraNa kA kAraNa hai| gItA kA uttara hai- rajoguNa se utpanna kAma hI jAtA hai to vaha mithyAtva ho jAtA hai| na kevala jaina vicAraNA varan bauddha jJAna ko AvRta kara vyakti ko balAt pApakarma kI ora prerita karatA hai| vicAraNA meM bhI aikAntika jJAna ko mithyA kahA gayA hai| buddha kahate haiMisa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bauddha, jaina aura gItA ke AcAra-darzana isa "bhAradvAja! satyAnurakSaka vijJa puruSa ko ekAMza se aisI niSThA karanA sambandha meM eka mata haiM- anaitika AcaraNa ke mArga meM pravRtti kA kAraNa yogya nahIM hai ki yahI satya aura bAkI saba mithyA hai|" buddha isa sAre vyakti kA mithyA dRSTikoNa hI hai| kathAnaka meM isI bAta para bala dete haiM ki sApekSika kathana ke rUpa meM hI satyAnurakSaka hotA hai anya prakAra se nhiiN| udAna meM bhI buddha ne kahA haimithyAtva kyA hai? jo ekAMtadarzI haiM ve hI vivAda karate haiN| isa prakAra buddha ne bhI ekAMta jaina vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM vastutattva kA apane yathArtha svarUpa ko mithyAtva mAnA hai| kA bodha nahIM honA hI mithyAtva hai| mithyAtva lakSya vimukhatA hai, 2. viparIta- vastutattva kA usake sva-svarUpa ke rUpa meM tattvaruci kA abhAva haiM, satya ke prati jijJAsA yA abhIpsA kA abhAva grahaNa nahIM kara usake viparIta rUpa meM grahaNa karanA bhI mithyAtva hai| prazna hai| buddha ne avidyA ko vaha sthiti mAnA hai jisake kAraNa vyakti paramArtha ho sakatA hai ki jaba vastutattva anantadharmAtmaka hai aura usameM virodhI
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________________ jaina sAdhanA kA AdhAra samyagdarzana. dharma bhI rahe hue haiM to sAmAnya vyakti jisakA jJAna aMzagrAhI hai, isa viparIta grahaNa ke doSa se baca nahIM sakatA, kyoMki usane vastutatva ke jisa pakSa ko grahaNa kiyA usakA virodhI dharma bhI usameM upasthita hai / ataH usakA samasta grahaNa viparIta hI hogA; lekina isa vicAra meM eka bhrAnti hai aura vaha yaha hai ki yadyapi vastu anantadharmAtmaka hai lekina yaha to nirapekSa kathana hai| eka apekSA kI dRSTi se yA jaina pAribhASika dRSTi se kaheM to eka hI naya se vastutattva meM do virodhI dharma nahIM hote haiM, udAharaNArtha- eka hI apekSA se AtmA ko nitya aura anitya nahIM mAnA jAtA hai| AtmA dravyArthika dRSTi se nitya hai to paryAyArthika dRSTi se anitya hai| ataH AtmA ko paryAyArthika dRSTi se bhI nitya mAnanA, yaha viparIta grahaNa mithyAtva hai| buddha ne bhI viparIta grahaNa ko mithyA dRSTitva mAnA hai aura vibhinna prakAra ke viparIta grahaNoM ko spaSTa kiyA hai| 19 gItA meM bhI viparIta grahaNa ko ajJAna kahA gayA hai| adharma ko dharma aura dharma ko adharma ke rUpa meM mAnane vAlI buddhi ko gItA meM tAmasa kahA gayA hai (18/32) / AtmA vinAza ko hI prApta hotA hai| 15 5. ajJAna jaina vicArakoM ne ajJAna ko pUrvAgraha, viparIta grahaNa, saMzaya aura aikAntika jJAna se pRthak mAnA hai| uparokta cAroM mithyAtva ke vidhAyaka pakSa kahe jA sakate haiM; kyoMki inameM jJAna to upasthiti hai lekina vaha ayathArtha hai| inameM jJAnAbhAva nahIM varan jJAna kI ayathArthatA hai; jabaki ajJAna jJAnAbhAva hai| ataH vaha mithyAtva kA niSedhAtmaka pakSa prastuta karatA hai| ajJAna naitika sAdhanA kA sabase bar3A bAdhaka tattva hai kyoMki jJAnAbhAva meM vyakti ko apane lakSya kA bhAna nahIM ho sakatA hai, na vaha kartavyAkartavya kA vicAra kara sakatA hai| zubhAzubha meM viveka karane kI kSamatA kA abhAva ajJAna hI hai| aise ajJAna kI avasthA meM naitika AcaraNa sambhava nahIM hotaa| mithyAtva ke 25 prakAra midhyAtva ke 25 bhedoM kA vivecana hameM pratikramaNasUtra meM prApta hotA hai jisameM se 10 bhedoM kA vivecana sthAnAMgasUtra meM hai, midhyAtva ke zeSa bhedoM kA vivecana mUlAgama anyoM meM yatra-tatra bikharA huA milatA hai| (1) dharma ko adharma samajhanA / (2) adharma ko dharma smjhnaa| 3. vainayika binA bauddhika gaveSaNA ke paramparAgata tathyoM, dhAraNAoM, niyamopaniyamoM ko svIkAra kara lenA vainayika mithyAtva hai| yaha eka prakAra kI rUr3hivAditA hai| vainayika midhyAtva ko bauddha paramparA kI dRSTi se zIlavrata parAmarza bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| ise kriyAkANDAtmaka manovRtti bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| gItA meM isa prakAra ke kevala rUr3ha vyavahAra kI nindA kI gaI hai vaha kahatI hai aisI kriyAe~ janma-maraNa ko bar3hAne vAlI aura triguNAtmaka hotI haiN| 12 saMsAra (bandhana) ke mArga ko mukti kA mArga smjhnaa| mukti ke mArga ko bandhana kA mArga samajhanA / jar3a padArthoM ko cetana (jIva) smjhnaa| Atmatattva (jIva) ko jar3a padArtha (ajIva) smjhnaa| asamyak AcaraNa karane vAloM ko sAdhu smjhnaa| samyak AcaraNa karane vAloM ko asAdhu smjhnaa| muktAtmA ko baddha mAnanA / (9) (10) rAga-dveSa se yukta ko mukta samajhanA 16 / (11) (12) Abhigrahika mithyAtva - paramparAgata rUpa meM prApta dhAraNAoM ko binA samIkSA ke apanA lenA athavA unase jakar3e rhnaa| anAbhigrahika mithyAtva - satya ko jAnate hue bhI use svIkAra nahIM karanA athavA sabhI matoM ko samAna mUlya vAlA samajhanA / Abhinivezika mithyAtva abhimAna kI rakSA ke nimitta asatya mAnyatA ko haThapUrvaka pakar3e rahanA / 4. saMzaya- saMzayAvasthA ko bhI jaina vicAraNA meM mithyAtva mAnA gayA hai| yadyapi jaina dArzanikoM kI dRSTi meM saMzaya ko naitika vikAsa kI dRSTi se anupAdeya mAnA gayA hai lekina isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki jaina vicArakoM ne saMzaya ko isa koTi meM rakhakara usake mUlya ko bhulA diyA hai| jaina vicAraka bhI Aja ke vaijJAnikoM kI taraha saMzaya ko jJAna kI prApti ke lie Avazyaka mAnate haiN| prAcInatama jainAgama AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai "jo saMzaya ko jAnatA hai vahI saMsAra ke svarUpa kA parijJAtA hotA hai, jo saMzaya ko nahIM jAnatA vaha saMsAra ke svarUpa kA bhI parijJAtA nahIM ho sakatA 13 / lekina jahA~ taka sAdhanAtmaka jIvana kA (13) prazna hai hameM saMzaya se Upara uThanA hogaa| jaina vicAraka AcArya AtmArAmajI mahArAja AcArAMgasUtra kI TIkA meM likhate haiM- "saMzaya jJAna karAne meM (14) sAMzayika mithyAtva saMzayazIla bane rahakara satya kA nizcaya sahAyaka hai parantu yadi vaha jijJAsA kI sarala bhAvanA kA parityAga karake kevala sandeha karane ke kuTila vRtti apanA letA hai, to vaha patana kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai| 14 saMzayAvasthA vaha sthiti hai jisameM prANI sat aura asat kI koI nizcita dhAraNA nahIM rakhatA hai| sAMzayika avasthA anirNaya kI avasthA hai| sAMzayika jJAna satya hote hue bhI mithyA hI hogaa| naitika dRSTi se aisA sAdhaka kaba pathabhraSTa ho sakatA hai yaha nahIM (18) kahA jA sktaa| vaha to lakSyonmukhatA aura lakSyavimukhatA ke madhya hiNDole kI bhA~ti jhUlatA huA apanA samaya vyartha karatA hai| gItA bhI (19) yahI kahatI hai ki saMzaya kI avasthA meM lakSya prApta nahIM hotaa| saMzayI nahIM kara paanaa| (3) (4) (4) (6) (7) (8) 447 (15) (16) (17) anAbhoga mithyAtva-viveka athavA jJAnakSamatA kA abhAva / laukika mithyAtva loka rUr3hi meM avicArapUrvaka baMdhe rhnaa| lokottara mithyAtva pAralaukika upalabdhiyoM ke nimitta svArthavaza dharma sAdhanA karanA / kupravacana mithyAtva mithyA dArzanika vicAraNAoM ko svIkRta - krnaa| nyUna midhyAtva pUrNa satya athavA tatva svarUpa ko AMzika satya samajha lenA athavA nyUna mAnanA / .
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________________ 448 (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) 1. 2. 3. 4. 2. AsAtanA midhyAtvapUjya varga kI nindA aura AlocanA krnaa| avinaya aura AsAtanA ko mithyAtva isalie kahA gayA hai| ki inakI upasthiti se vyakti gurujanoM kA yathocita sammAna nahIM karatA hai aura phalasvarUpa unase milane vAle yathArthatA ke bodha se vaMcita rahatA hai| bauddha darzana meM midhyAtva ke prakAra mahAtmA buddha ne saddharma kA vinAza karane vAlI kucha dhAraNAoM kA vivecana aMguttaranikAya 10 meM kiyA hai jo ki jaina vicAraNA ke midhyAtva kI dhAraNA ke bahuta nikaTa hai| tulanA kI dRSTi se hama unakI saMkSipta sUcI prastuta kara rahe haiM, jisake AdhAra para yaha jAnA jA sake ki donoM vicAra paramparAoM kA isa sambandha meM kitanA adhika sAmya hai| adharma ko adharma btaanaa| dharma ko dharma btaanaa| bhikSu aniyama (avinaya) ko bhikSuniyama (vinaya) batAnA / bhikSu niyama ko aniyama btaanaa| 5. 6. 7. 8. jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa 6 adhika mithyAtva-AMzika satya ko usase adhika athavA pUrNa satya samajha lenaa| viparIta mithyAtva vastutattva ko usake viparIta rUpa meM samajhanA / akriyA mithyAtva - AtmA ko aikAntika rUpa se akriya mAnanA athavA sirpha jJAna ko mahattva dekara AcaraNa ke prati gItA meM ajJAna : upekSA rkhnaa| ajJAna midhyAtva jJAna athavA viveka kA abhaav| avinaya mithyAtva pUjya varga ke prati samucita sammAna prakaTa na karanA athavA unakI AjJAoM kA paripAlana nahIM karanA / pUjyabuddhi aura vinItatA kA abhAva avinaya mithyAtva hai| 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. tathAgata (buddha) dvArA abhASita ko tathAgata bhASita khnaa| tathAgata dvArA bhASita ko abhASita khnaa| tathAgata dvArA anAcarita ko Acarita khnaa| tathAgata dvArA Acarita ko anAcarita kahanA | tathAgata dvArA nahIM banAe hue (aprajJapta ) niyama ko prajJapta kahanA tathAgata dvArA prajJapta (banAe hue niyama) ko aprajJapta btaanaa| anaparAdha ko aparAdha kahanA / aparAdha ko anaparAdha kahanA / laghu aparAdha ko guru aparAdha khnaa| guru aparAdha ko laghu aparAdha kahanA / gambhIra aparAdha ko agambhIra khnaa| agambhIra aparAdha ko gambhIra khnaa| nirvizeSa aparAdha ko savizeSa khnaa| savizeSa aparAdha ko nirvizeSa kahanA / 20. gItA ke moha, ajJAna yA tAmasika jJAna bhI mithyAtva kahe jA sakate haiN| isa AdhAra para vicAra karane se gItA meM mithyAtva kA nimna svarUpa upalabdha hotA hai 1. ayogya kahanA / prAyazcitta ke ayogya (apratikarma) Apatti ko prAyazcitta ke yogya (sapratikarma) khnaa| (2) (3) paramAtmA loka kA sarjana karane vAlA, karma kA kartA evaM karmoM ke phala kA saMyoga karane vAlA hai athavA vaha kisI ke pApa-puNya ko grahaNa karatA hai, yaha mAnanA ajJAna hai (5-14, 15) | pAzcAtya darzana meM mithyAtva kA pratyaya mithyAtva yathArthatA ke bodha kA bAdhaka tattva hai| vaha eka aisA raMgIna cazmA hai jo vastutattva ke yathArtha svarUpa ko AvRta kara vyakti ke samakSa usakA ayathArtha kiMvA bhrAnta svarUpa hI prakaTa karatA hai| bhArata hI nahIM, pAzcAtya dezoM ke vicArakoM ne bhI yathArthatA yA satya ke jijJAsu ko mithyA dhAraNAoM se pare rahane kA saMketa kiyA hai| pAzcAtya darzana ke navayuga ke pratinidhi phrAMsisa bekana zuddha aura nirdoSa jJAna kI prApti ke lie mAnasa ko nimna cAra mithyA dhAraNAoM se mukta rakhane kA nirdeza karate haiM, cAra mithyA dhAraNAe~ nimna haiM (1) (4) pramAda, Alasya aura nidrA ajJAna hai (14-8), dhana parivAra evaM dAna kA ahaMkAra karanA ajJAna hai (16-15) viparIta jJAna ke dvArA kSaNabhaMgura nAzavAna zarIra meM Atma-buddhi rakhanA va usameM sarvasva kI bhA~ti Asakta rahanA, jo ki tattva-artha se rahita aura tuccha hai, tAmasika jJAna hai (18-12) / isI prakAra asad kA grahaNa, azubha AcaraNa (16-10) aura saMzayAtmakatA ko bhI gItA meM ajJAna kahA gayA hai| jAtigata mithyA dhAraNAe~ (Idola Tribus) sAmAjika saMskAroM se prApta mithyA dhAraNAe~ / bAjArU mithyA vizvAsa (Idola Fori)- asaMgata artha Adi / vyaktigata mithyA vizvAsa (Idola Speces) vyakti ke dvArA banAI gayI mithyA dhAraNAe~ (pUrvAgraha) raMgamaMca kI bhrAnti (Idola Theatri)- mithyA siddhAnta yA mAnyatAe~ / ve kahate haiM- 'ina mithyA vizvAsoM (pUrvAgrahoM) se mAnasa ko mukta karake hI jJAna ko yathArtha aura nirdoSa rUpa meM grahaNa karanA cAhie / 18 jaina darzana meM avidyA kA svarUpa jaina darzana meM avidyA kA paryAyavAcI zabda moha bhI hai| moha AtmA ko sat ke sambandha meM yathArtha dRSTi ko vikRta kara use galata prAyazcitta yogya (sapratikarma) Apatti ko prAyazcita ke mArga darzana karatA hai aura asamyak AcaraNa ke lie prerita karatA hai| .
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________________ jaina sAdhanA kA AdhAra samyagdarzana 449 paramArtha aura satya ke sambandha meM jo aneka bhrAnta dhAraNAe~ AtI haiM evaM janma-maraNa kI paramparA aura duHkha kA mUla yahI avidyA hai| jisa prakAra asadAcaraNa hotA hai unakA AdhAra yahI moha hai| mithyAtva, moha yA jaina-darzana meM mithyAtva kI pUrvakoTi nahIM jAnI jA sakatI, usI prakAra avidyA ke kAraNa vyakti kI dRSTi dUSita hotI hai aura pariNAmasvarUpa bauddha-darzana meM bhI avidyA kI pUrvakoTi nahIM jAnI jA sakatI hai| yaha vyakti kI parama mUlyoM ke sambandha meM bhrAnta dhAraNAe~ bana jAtI haiN| vaha eka aisI sattA hai jisako samajha sakanA kaThina hai| hameM binA adhika unheM hI parama mUlya mAna letA hai jo ki vastutaH parama mUlya yA sarvocca gaharAiyoM meM utare isake astitva ko svIkAra kara lenA pdd'egaa| avidyA mUlya nahIM hote haiN| samasta jIvana kI pUrvavartI Avazyaka avasthA hai, isake pUrva kucha nahIM; jaina-darzana meM avidyA aura vidyA kA antara karate hue samayasAra kyoMki janma-maraNa kI prakriyA kA kahIM Arambha nahIM khojA jA sakatA meM AcArya kundakunda batAte haiM ki jo puruSa apane se anya para-dravya hai; lekina dUsarI ora isake astitva se inkAra bhI nahIM kiyA jA sacitta strI-putrAdika, acitta dhanadhAnyAdika, mizra grAmanagarAdika-inako sakatA hai| svayaM jIvana yA janma-maraNa kI paramparA isakA pramANa hai ki aisA samajhe ki mere hai, ye mere pUrva meM the, inakA maiM pahale bhI thA tathA ye avidyA upasthita hai avidyA kA udbhava kaise hotA hai, yaha nahIM batAyA jA mere AgAmI hoMge; maiM bhI inakA AgAmI hoU~gA aisA jhUThA Atma vikalpa sakatA hai| azvaghoSa ke anusAra-'tathatA' se hI avidyA kA janma hotA karatA hai vaha mUr3ha hai aura jo puruSa paramArtha ko jAnatA huA aisA jhUThA hai|20 DA0 rAdhAkRSNan kI dRSTi meM bauddha darzana meM avidyA usa parama vikalpa nahIM karatA hai, vaha mUr3ha nahIM hai, jJAnI hai|19 sattA, jise AlayavijJAna, tathAgatadharma, zUnyatA, dharmadhAtu evaM tathatA jaina darzana meM avidyA yA mithyAtva kevala AtmaniSTha (Sub- kahA gayA hai, kI vaha zakti hai, jo vizva ke bhItara se vyaktigata jIvanoM jective) hI nahIM hai, varan vaha vastuniSTha bhI hai| jaina darzana meM kI zrRMkhalA ko utpanna karatI hai| yaha yathArtha sattA hI andara vidyamAna mithyAtva kA artha hai- samyak jJAna kA abhAva yA viparIta jnyaan| usameM niSedhAtmaka tattva hai hamArI sImita buddhi isakI taha meM isase adhika aura ekAntika dRSTikoNa mithyAjJAna hai| dUsare jaina darzana meM mithyAtva praveza nahIM kara sktii|21 akelA hI bandhana kA kAraNa nahIM hai| vaha bandhana kA pramukha kAraNa sAmAnyatayA avidyA kA artha cAra AryasatyoM kA jJAnAbhAva hai| hote hue bhI usakA sarvasva nahIM hai| mithyA-darzana ke kAraNa jJAna mAdhyamika evaM vijJAnavAdI vicArakoM ke anusAra indriyAnubhUti ke viSaya dUSita hotA hai aura jJAna ke dUSita hone se AcaraNa yA cAritra dUSita isa jagat kI koI svataMtra sattA nahIM hai yA parataMtra evaM sApekSita hai, ise hotA hai| isa prakAra mithyAtva anaitika jIvana kA prArambhika bindu hai yathArtha mAna lenA yahIM avidyA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, ayathArtha anekatA ko aura anaitika AcaraNa usakI antima pariNati hai| naitika jIvana ke yathArtha mAna lenA yahIM avidyA kA kAraNa hai, isI meM se vaiyaktika ahaM lie mithyAtva se mukta honA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki jaba taka dRSTi kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai aura yahIM se tRSNA kA janma hotA haiN| bauddha-darzana dUSita hai, jJAna bhI dUSita hogA aura jaba taka jJAna dUSita hai taba taka ke anusAra bhI avidyA aura tRSNA (anaitikatA) meM pArasparika kAryaAcaraNa bhI samyak yA naitika nahIM ho sktaa| naitika jIvana meM kAraNa sambandha hai| avidyA ke kAraNa tRSNA aura tRSNA ke kAraNa avidyA pragati ke lie prathama zarta hai- mithyAtva se mukta honaa| utpanna hotI hai| jisa prakAra jaina-darzana meM moha ke do kArya darzana-moha jaina darzanikoM kI dRSTi meM mithyAtva kI pUrvakoTi kA patA nahIM aura cAritra-moha-haiM usI prakAra bauddha-darzana meM avidyA ke do kAryalagAyA jA sakatA, vaha anAdi hai, phira bhI vaha ananta nahIM mAnA gayA jJeyAvaraNa evaM klezAvaraNa haiN| jJeyAvaraNa kI tulanA darzana-moha se aura hai| jaina-darzana kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM kaheM to bhavya jIvoM kI klezAvaraNa kI tulanA cAritra-moha se kI jA sakatI hai| jisa prakAra apekSA se mithyAtva anAdi aura sAnta hai aura abhavya jIvoM kI apekSA vaidika-paramparA meM mAyA ko anirvacanIya mAnA gayA hai usI prakAra bauddhase vaha anAdi aura ananta hai| AtmA para avidyA yA mithyAtva kA paramparA meM bhI avidyA ko sat aura asat donoM hI koTiyoM se pare mAnA AvaraNa kaba se hai yaha patA nahIM lagAyA jA sakatA hai, yadyapi avidyA gayA hai| vijJAnavAda evaM zUnyavAda ke sampradAyoM kI dRSTi meM nAnArUpAtmaka yA mithyAtva se mukti pAI jA sakatI hai| eka ora mithyAtva kA kAraNa jagat ko paramArtha mAna lenA avidyA hai| maMtreyanAtha ne abhUtaparikalpa anaitikatA hai to dUsarI ora anaitikatA kA kAraNa mithyAtva hai| isI (anekatA kA jJAna) kI vivecanA karate hue batAyA ki use sat aura prakAra samyaktva kA kAraNa naitikatA aura naitikatA kA kAraNa samyaktva asat donoM hI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| vaha sat isalie nahIM hai kyoMki hai| naitika AcaraNa ke pariNAmasvarUpa samyaktva yA yathArtha dRSTikoNa kA paramArtha meM anekatA yA dvaita kA koI astitva nahIM hai aura vaha asat udbhava hotA hai aura samyaktva yA yathArtha dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa naitika isalie nahIM hai ki usake prahANa se nirvANa kA lAbha hotA hai|22 isa AcaraNa hotA hai| prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bauddha-darzana ke paravartI sampradAyoM meM avidyA kA svarUpa bahuta kucha vedAntika mAyA ke samAna bana gayA hai| bauddha darzana meM avidyA kA svarUpa bauddha-darzana meM pratItyasamutpAda kI prathama kar3I avidyA hI samIkSA mAnI gayI hai| avidyA se utpanna vyaktitva hI jIvana kA mUlabhUta pApa hai| bauddha darzana ke vijJAnavAda aura zUnyavAda ke sampradAyoM meM
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________________ 450 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 avidyA kA jo svarUpa batAyA gayA hai vaha AlocanA kA viSaya hI rahA prati Asakti evaM mithyA dRSTikoNa hai aura mAyA eka aisI zakti hai hai| vijJAnavAdI aura zanyavAdI vicAraka apane nirapekSa dRSTikoNa ke jisase yaha anekatAmaya jagata astitvavAna pratIta hotA hai| mAyA isa AdhAra para indriyAnubhUti ke viSayoM ko avidyA yA vAsanA kA kAlpanika nAnArUpAtmaka jagat kA AdhAra hai aura avidyA hameM usase bA~dhe hue pratyaya mAnate haiN| dUsare, unake anusAra avidyA AtmaniSTha (Subjec- rakhatI hai| vedAntika darzana meM mAyA advaya avikArya paramasattA kI tive) hai| jaina dArzanikoM ne unakI isa mAnyatA ko anucita hI mAnA hai nAnArUpAtmaka jagat ke rUpa meM pratIti haiN| vedAnta meM mAyA na to sat hai kyoMki prathamata: anubhava ke viSayoM ko anAdi avidyA ke kAlpanika aura asat hai use catuSkoTivinirmukta kahA gayA hai|27 vaha sat isalie pratyaya mAnakara indriyAnubhUti ke jJAna ko asatya batAyA gayA hai| jaina nahIM hai ki usakA nirasana kiyA jA sakatA hai| vaha asat isalie nahIM dArzanikoM kI dRSTi meM indriyAnubhUti ke viSayoM ko asat nahIM mAnA jA hai ki usake AdhAra para vyavahAra hotA hai| vedAntika darzana meM mAyA jagat sakatA, ve tarka aura anubhava donoM ko hI yathArtha mAnakara calate haiN| kI vyAkhyA aura usakI utpatti kA siddhAnta hai, jabaki avidyA vaiyaktika unake anusAra tArkika jJAna (bauddhika jJAna) aura anubhUtyAtmaka jJAna- Asakti hai| donoM hI yathArthatA kA bodha karA sakate haiN| bauddha-dArzanikoM kI yaha dhAraNA ki 'avidyA kevala Atmagata hai' jaina dArzanikoM ko svIkAra nahIM samIkSA hai| ve avidyA kA vastugata AdhAra bhI mAnate haiN| unakI dRSTi meM bauddha vedAnta-darzana meM mAyA eka ardha satya hai jabaki tArkika dRSTikoNa ekAMgI hI siddha hotA hai| bauddha darzana ke avidyA kI vistRta dRSTi se mAyA yA to satya ho sakatI hai yA asty| jaina-dArzanikoM samIkSA AdaraNIya zrI nathamala TATiyA ne apanI pustaka 'sTaDIja ina ke anusAra satya sApekSika avazya ho sakatA hai lekina ardha satya jaina philaoNsaphI' meM kI hai|23 hameM vistAra bhaya se aura adhika gaharAI meM (Half Truth) aisI koI avasthA nahIM ho sakatI hai| yadi advaya utaranA Avazyaka nahIM lagatA hai| paramArtha ko nAnArUpAtmaka mAnanA yaha avidyA hai to jaina dArzanikoM gItA meM avidyA, ajJAna aura mAyA zabda kA prayoga hameM ko yaha dRSTikoNa svIkAra nahIM hai| yadyapi jaina, bauddha aura vaidika milatA hai| gItA meM ajJAna aura mAyA sAmAnyatayA do bhinna-bhinna arthoM paramparAe~ avidyA kI isa vyAkhyA meM ekamata haiM ki avidyA yA moha meM hI prayukta hue haiN| ajJAna vaiyaktika hai jabaki mAyA eka IzvarIya zakti kA artha anAtma meM Atmabuddhi hai| hai| gItA meM ajJAna kA artha paramAtmA ke usa vAstavika svarUpa ke jJAna kA abhAva hai jisa rUpa meM vaha jagat meM vyApta hote hue bhI usase pare upasaMhAra hai| gItA meM ajJAna viparIta jJAna, moha, anekatA ko yathArtha mAna lenA ajJAna, avidyA yA moha kI upasthiti hI hamArI samyaka Adi aneka arthoM meM prayukta huA hai| jJAna ke sAttvika, rAjasa aura pragati kA sabase bar3A avarodha hai| hamAre kSudra vyaktitva aura paramAtmatatva tAmasa prakAroM kA vivecana karate hue gItA meM yaha spaSTa batAyA gayA hai ke bIca sabase bar3I bAdhA hai| usake haTate hI hama apane ko apane meM hI ki anekatA ko yathArtha mAnane vAlA dRSTikoNa yA jJAna rAjasa hai| isI upasthita kara paramAtmA ke nikaTa khar3A pAte haiN| phira bhI prazna hai ki isa prakAra yaha mAnanA ki parama tattva mAtra itanA hI hai, yaha jJAna tAmasa hai|24 avidyA yA mithyAtva se mukti kaise ho? vastuta: avidyA se mukti ke yadyapi gItA meM mAyA ko vyakti ke duHkha evaM bandhana kA kAraNa mAnA gayA lie yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki hama avidyA yA ajJAna ko haTAne kA prayatna hai| kyoMki yaha eka bhrAnta AMzika cetanA kA poSaNa karatI hai aura usa kareM kyoMki usake haTAne ke sAre prayAsa vaise hI nirarthaka hoMge jaise koI rUpa meM pUrNa yathArthatA kA grahaNa sambhava nahIM hotaa| phira bhI hameM yaha andhakAra ko haTAne ke prayatna kre| jaise prakAza ke hote hI andhakAra smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki gItA meM mAyA Izvara kI aisI kAryakArI zakti svayaM hI samApta ho jAtA hai usakI prakAra jJAna rUpa prakAza yA samyak bhI hai jisake mAdhyama se paramAtmA isa nAnArUpAtmaka jagat meM apane ko dRSTi ke utpanna hote hI ajJAna yA avidyA kA andhakAra samApta ho jAtA abhivyakta karatA hai| vaiyaktika dRSTi se mAyA paramArtha kA AvaraNa kara haiN| AvazyakatA isa bAta kI nahIM hai ki hama avidyA yA mithyAtva ko vyakti ko usake yathArtha jJAna se vaMcita karatI hai, jabaki paramasattA kI haTAne kA prayatna kareM varan AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki hama apekSA se vaha usakI eka zakti hI siddha hotI hai| samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna kI jyoti ko prajvalita kareM tAki avidyA vedAnta darzana meM avidyA kA artha advaya paramArtha meM anekatA yA ajJAna kA tamisra samApta ho jaaye| kI kalpanA hai| bRhadAraNyakopaniSad meM kahA gayA hai ki jo advaya meM anekatA kA darzana karatA hai vaha mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai|25 isake samyaktva viparIta anekatA meM ekatA kA darzana yaha saccA jJAna hai| IzAvAsyopaniSad jaina paramparA meM samyagdarzana, samyaktva yA samyagdRSTitva zabdoM meM kahA gayA hai ki jo sabhI ko paramAtmA meM aura paramAtmA meM sabhI ko kA prayoga samAnArthaka rUpa meM huA hai| yadyapi AcArya jinabhadra ne sthita dekhatA hai, usa ekatvadarzI ko na vijugupsA hotI hai aura na use vizeSAvazyakabhASya meM samyaktva aura samyagdarzana ke bhinna-bhinna arthoM kA koI moha yA zoka hotA hai|26 vedAntika paramparA meM avidyA jagat ke nirdeza kiyA hai|28 apane bhinna artha meM samyaktva vaha hai jisakI
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________________ jaina sAdhanA kA AdhAra samyagdarzana 451 upasthiti se zraddhA, jJAna aura cAritra samyak banate haiN| samyaksva kA granthakartA kI dRSTi meM yadyapi samyaktva yathArthatA kI abhivyakti karatA hai artha-vistAra samyagdarzana se adhika vyApaka hai, phira bhI sAmAnyatayA lekina yathArthatA jisa jJAnAtmaka tathya ke rUpa meM upasthita hotI hai, samyagdarzana aura samyaktva zabda eka hI artha meM prayoga kie gae haiN| vaise usake lie satyAbhIpsA yA ruci Avazyaka hai| samyaktva zabda meM samyakadarzana nihita hI hai| darzana kA artha samyaktva kA artha darzana zabda bhI jainAgamoM meM aneka arthoM meM prayukta huA hai| sabase pahale hameM ise spaSTa kara lenA hogA ki samyaktva yA jIvAdi padArthoM ke svarUpa ko dekhanA, jAnanA, zraddhA karanA darzana kahA samyak zabda kA kyA abhiprAya hai| sAmAnya rUpa meM samyak yA samyaktva jAtA hai|30 sAmAnyatayA darzana zabda dekhane ke artha meM vyavahAra kiyA zabda satyatA yA yathArthatA kA paricAyaka hai, use hama ucitatA bhI kaha jAtA hai lekina yahA~ para darzana zabda kA artha mAtra netrajanya bodha nahIM hai| sakate haiN| samyaktva kA artha tattvaruci29 bhI hai| isa artha meM samyaktva usameM indriyabodha, manabodha aura Atmabodha sabhI sammilita haiN| darzana satyAbhiruci yA satya kI abhIpsA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, isako satya ke zabda ke artha ke sambandha meM jaina paramparA meM kAphI vivAda rahA hai| darzana prati jijJAsAvRtti yA mumukSutva bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| apane donoM hI zabda ko jJAna se alaga karate hue vicArakoM ne darzana ko antabodha aura arthoM meM samyagdarzana yA samyaktva naitika jIvana ke lie Avazyaka hai| jJAna ko bauddhika jJAna kahA hai|31 naitika jIvana kI dRSTi se vicAra karane jaina naitikatA kA carama Adarza AtmA ke yathArtha svarUpa kI upalabdhi hai, para darzana zabda kA dRSTikoNaparaka artha kiyA gayA hai|32 darzana zabda ke lekina yathArtha kI upalabdhi bhI to yathArthatA se sambhava hogI, ayathArtha sthAna para dRSTi zabda kA prayoga, usake dRSTikoNaparaka arthoM kA dyotaka se to yathArtha pAyA nahIM jA sktaa| yadi sAdhya yathArthatA kI upalabdhi hai hai| prAcIna jaina AgamoM meM darzana zabda ke sthAna para dRSTi zabda kA prayoga to sAdhanA bhI yathArtha hI caahie| jaina vicAraNA sAdhya aura sAdhanA kI bahulatA se dekhA jAtA hai| tattvArthasUtra33 aura uttarAdhyayanasUtra34 meM ekarUpatA meM vizvAsa karatI hai| vaha yaha mAnatI hai ki anucita sAdhanA darzana zabda kA artha tattvazraddhA mAnA gayA hai| paravartI jaina sAhitya meM se prApta kiyA lakSya bhI anucita hI hai, vaha ucita nahIM kahA jA sktaa| darzana zabda kA deva, guru aura dharma ke prati zraddhA yA bhakti ke artha meM bhI samyak ko samyak se hI prApta karanA hotA hai| asamyak se jo bhI vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai|35 isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM samyak darzana tattvamilatA hai, pAyA jAtA hai, vaha asamyak hI hotA hai| ata: AtmA ke sAkSAtkAra, Atma-sAkSAtkAra, antabodha, dRSTikoNa, zraddhA aura bhakti yathArtha svarUpa kI upalabdhi ke lie unhoMne jina sAdhanoM kA vidhAna Adi arthoM ko apane meM sameTe hue haiN| ina para thor3I gaharAI se vicAra kiyA unakA samyak honA Avazyaka mAnA gyaa| vastuta: jJAna, darzana karanA apekSita hai| aura cAritra kA naitika mUlya unake samyak hone meM samAhita hai| jaba jJAna; darzana aura cAritra samyak hote haiM to ve mukti yA nirvANa ke sAdhana banate kyA samyagdarzana ke uparokta artha paraspara virodhI haiM haiN| lekina yadi ve hI jJAna, darzana aura cAritra mithyA hote haiM to bandhana samyagdarzana zabda ke vibhinna arthoM para vicAra karane se pahale kA kAraNa banate haiN| bandhana aura mukti jJAna, darzana aura cAritra para nirbhara hameM yaha dekhanA hogA ki inameM se kauna-sA artha aitihAsika dRSTi se nahIM varan unakI samyaktalAaura mithyAtva para AdhArita hai| samyaka jJAna, prathama thA aura usake pazcAt kina-kina aitihAsika paristhitiyoM ke samyagdarzana aura samyaka-cAritra mokSa kA mArga hai jabaki mithyAjJAna, kAraNa yahI zabda apane dUsare arthoM meM prayukta huaa| prathamataH hama dekhate mithyAdarzana aura mithyAcAritra hI bandhana kA mArga hai| haiM ki buddha aura mahAvIra ke apane samaya meM pratyeka dharma-pravartaka apane AcArya jinabhadra kI dhAraNA ke anusAra yadi samyaktva kA siddhAnta ko samyagdRSTi aura dUsare ke siddhAnta ko mithyAdRSTi kahatA thaa| artha tattvaruci yA satyAbhIpsA karate haiM to samyaktva kA naitika sAdhanA bauddhAgamoM meM 62 mithyAdRSTiyoM evaM jainAgama sUtrakRtAMga meM63 mithyAdRSTiyoM meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna siddha hotA hai| naitikatA kI sAdhanA Adarzonmukha kA vivecana milatA hai| lekina vahA~ para mithyAdRSTi zabda azraddhA athavA gati hai lekina jisake kAraNa vaha gati hai, sAdhanA hai, vaha to satyAbhIpsA mithyAzraddhA ke artha meM nahIM varan galata dRSTikoNa ke artha meM hI prayukta hI hai| sAdhaka meM jaba taka satyAbhIpsA yA tattvaruci jAgrata nahIM hotI taba huA hai| bAda meM jaba yaha prazna uThA ki galata dRSTikoNa ko kisa sandarbha taka vaha naitika pragati kI ora agrasara hI nahIM ho sktaa| satya kI cAha meM mAnA jAya, to kahA gayA ki jIva (Atmatattva) aura jagata ke yA satya kI pyAsa hI aisA tattva hai jo use sAdhanA-mArga meM prerita karatA sambandha meM jo galata dRSTikoNa hai, vahI mithyAdarzana yA mithyAdRSTi hai| hai| jise pyAsa nahIM, vaha pAnI kI prApti kA kyoM prayAsa karegA? jisameM isa prakAra mithyAdRSTi se tAtparya huA AtmA aura jagata ke viSaya meM satya kI upalabdhi kI cAha (tattvaruci) nahIM vaha kyoM sAdhanA karane galata dRssttikonn| usa yuga meM pratyeka dharma-mArga kA pravartaka AtmA aura lagA? pyAsA hI pAnI kI khoja karatA hai| tattvaruci yA satyAbhIpsA se jagata ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM apane dRSTikoNa ko samyak dRSTikoNa yukta vyakti hI Adarza kI prApti ke nimitta sAdhanA ke mArga para ArUr3ha athavA samyagdarzana aura apane virodhI ke dRSTikoNa ko mithyAdRSTi hotA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM donoM arthoM ko samanvita kara diyA gayA hai| athavA mithyAdarzana kahatA thaa| bAda meM pratyeka sampradAya jIvana aura
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________________ 452 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 jagata sambandhI apane dRSkioNa para vizvAsa karane ko samyagdarzana kahane kAraNa ko jAnane ke kAraNa vaha usakA nirAkaraNa kara satya ko pA lagA aura jo loga usakI mAnyatAoM ke viparIta mAnyatA rakhate the skegaa| yadyapi pUrNa yathArtha dRSTi to eka sAdhaka vyakti meM sambhava nahIM hai, unako mithyAvAdI kahane lagA aura unakI mAnyatA ko mithyaadrshn| isa phira bhI usakI rAga-dveSAtmaka vRttiyoM meM jaba svAbhAvika rUpa se kamI ho prakAra samyagdarzana zabda tattvArthazraddhAn (jIva aura jagata ke svarUpa kI) jAtI hai to isa svAbhAvika parivartana ke kAraNa pUrvAnubhUti aura pazcAnubhUti ke artha meM abhirUDha huaa| lekina tattvArthazraddhAna ke artha meM bhI samyagdarzana meM antara jJAta hotA hai aura isa antara ke kAraNa ke cintana meM use do zabda apane mUla artha se adhika dUra nahIM huA thaa| yadyapi usakI bhAvanA bAteM mila jAtI haiM- eka to yaha ki usakA dRSTikoNa dUSita hai aura meM dizA badala cukI thI, usameM zraddhA kA tattva praviSTa ho gayA thA lekina usakI dRSTi kI dUSitatA kA amuka kAraNa hai| yadyapi yahA~ satya to prApta vaha zraddhA thI tattva ke svarUpa kI mAnyatA ke sandarbha meN| vaiyaktika zraddhA nahIM hotA lekina apanI asatyatA aura usake kAraNa kA bodha ho jAtA kA vikAsa bAda kI bAta thii| zramaNa-paramparA meM samyagdarzana kA dRSTikoNaparaka hai, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa usameM satyAbhIpsA jAgrata ho jAtI hai| yahI artha hI grAhya thA jo bAda meM tattvArthazraddhAn ke rUpa meM vikasita huA yahA~ satyAbhIpsA use satya yA yathArthatA ke nikaTa pahu~catI hai aura jitane taka to zraddhA meM bauddhika pakSa nihita thA, zraddhA jJAnAtmaka thii| lekina aMza meM vaha yathArthatA ke nikaTa pahu~cAtA hai utane hI aMza meM usakA jJAna jaise-jaise bhAgavata sampradAya kA vikAsa huA, usakA prabhAva jaina aura aura cAritra zuddha hotA jAtA hai| jJAna aura cAritra kI zuddhatA se punaH rAga bauddha zramaNa paramparAoM para bhI pdd'aa| tattvArtha kI zraddhA jaba 'buddha' aura aura dveSa meM kramaza: kamI hotI hai aura usake phalasvarUpa usake dRSTikoNa 'jina' para kendrita hone lagI- vaha jJAnAtmaka se bhAvAtmaka aura nirvaiyaktika meM aura adhika yathArthatA A jAtI hai| isI prakAra kramaza: vyakti svata: se vaiyaktika bana gaI jisane jaina aura bauddha paramparAoM meM bhakti ke tattva hI sAdhanA kI carama sthiti meM pahu~ca jAtA hai| Avazyakaniyukti meM kahA kA vapana kiyaa|36 merI apanI dRSTi meM Agama evaM piTaka granthoM ke gayA hai ki jala jaise-jaise svaccha hotA jAtA hai vaise-vaise draSTA usameM saMkalana evaM lipibaddha hone taka yaha saba kucha ho cukA thaa| ata: pratibimbita rUpoM ko spaSTatayA dekhane lagatA hai, usI prakAra antara meM Agama aura piTaka granthoM meM samyagdarzana kA bhASAzAstrIya vivecana para jyoM-jyoM tattvaruci jAgrata hotI hai tyoM-tyoM tattva-jJAna prApta hotA jAtA AdhArita yathArtha dRSTikoNaparaka artha hI usakA prathama evaM mUla artha hai, hai| ise jaina paribhASA meM pratyekabuddha (svata: hI yathArthatA ko jAnane vAle) lekina yathArtha dRSTikoNa to mAtra vItarAga puruSa kA hI ho sakatA hai, kA sAdhanA-mArga kahate haiN| jahA~ taka vyakti rAga aura dveSa se yukta hai usakA dRSTikoNa yathArtha nahIM lekina pratyeka sAmAnya sAdhaka yathArtha dRSTikoNa ko isa prakAra ho sktaa| isa artha ko svIkAra karane para yathArtha dRSTikoNa to prApta nahIM karatA hai aura usake lie yaha sambhava nahI hai; satya kI sAdhanAvasthA meM sambhava nahIM hogA, kyoMki sAdhanA kI avasthA sarAgatA svAnubhUti kA mArga kaThina haiN| satya ko svayaM jAnane kI vidhi kI apekSA kI avasthA hai| sAdhaka- AtmA meM to rAga aura dveSa donoM kI dUsarA sahaja mArga hai aura vaha yaha ki jinhoMne svAnubhUti se satya ko upasthiti hotI hai, sAdhaka to sAdhanA hI isalie kara rahA hai ki vaha jAnakara usakA jo bhI svarUpa batAyA hai, usako mAnakara clnaa| ise hI ina donoM se mukta ho, isa prakAra yathArtha dRSTikoNa to mAtra siddhAvasthA jainazAstrakAroM ne tattvArthazraddhAn kahA hai arthAt yathArtha dRSTikoNa se yukta meM hogaa| lekina yathArtha dRSTikoNa kI AvazyakatA to sAdhaka ke vItarAga ne apane yathArtha dRSTikoNa meM sattA kA jo svarUpa prakaTa kiyA lie hai, siddha ko to vaha svAbhAvika rUpa meM prApta hai| yathArtha hai, use svIkAra kara lenaa| mAna lIjie koI vyakti pitta vikAra se dRSTikoNa ke abhAva meM vyakti kA vyavahAra evaM sAdhanA samyak nahIM ho pIr3ita hai, aba aisI sthiti meM vaha kisI zveta vastu ke yathArtha jJAna se sakatI athavA ayathArtha dRSTikoNa jJAna aura jIvana ke vyavahAra ko vaMcita hogaa| use vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ko prApta karane ke do mArga ho samyak nahIM banA sakatA hai| yahA~ eka samasyA utpanna hotI hai| yathArtha sakate haiM- pahalA mArga yaha hai ki usakI bImArI meM svAbhAvika rUpa se dRSTikoNa kA sAdhanAtmaka jIvana meM abhAva hotA hai aura binA yathArtha jaba kucha kamI ho jAye aura vaha apanI pUrva aura pazcAt kI anubhUti meM dRSTikoNa ke sAdhanA ho nahIM sktii| yaha samasyA hameM aisI sthiti meM antara pAkara apane roga ko jAne aura prayAsoM dvArA use zAnta kara vastu DAla detI ki jahA~ hameM sAdhanA mArga kI sambhAvanA ko hI asvIkRta ke yathArthasvarUpa kA bodha pA jaaye| dUsarI sthiti meM jaba kisI dUsare karanA hotA hai| yathArtha dRSTikoNa ke binA sAdhanA sambhava nahIM aura vyakti dvArA use yaha batAyA jAve ki vaha zveta vastu ko pIta varNa kI yathArtha dRSTikoNa sAdhanA-kAla meM ho nahIM sktaa| dekha rahA hai| yahA~ para isa svastha dRSTi vAle vyakti kI bAta ko svIkAra lekina isa dhAraNA meM eka bhrAnti hai, vaha yaha ki sAdhanA mArga kara lene para bhI use apanI rugNAvasthA yA apanI dRSTi kI dRSitatA kA ke lie, dRSTikoNa kI yathArthatA ke lie, rAga-dveSa se pUrNa vimukta dRSTi jJAna ho jAtA hai aura sAtha hI vaha vastutattva ko yathArtha rUpa meM jAna bhI kA honA Avazyaka nahIM hai, mAtra itanA Avazyaka hai ki vyakti letA hai| ayathArthatA ko jAne aura usake kAraNa ko jaane| aisA sAdhaka yathArthatA samyagdarzana ko cAhe yathArtha dRSTi kaheM yA tattvArthazraddhAn unameM ko nahIM jAnate hue bhI samyagdRSTi hI hai, kyoMki vaha asatya mAnatA hai vAstavikatA kI dRSTi se antara nahIM hotA hai| antara hotA hai unakI aura usake kAraNa ko jAnatA hai ata: vaha bhrAnta nahIM hai, asatya ke upalabdhi kI vidhi meN| eka vaijJAnika svata: prayoga ke AdhAra para kisI
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________________ jaina sAdhanA kA AdhAra samyagdarzana 453 satya kA udghATana karatA hai aura vastutattva ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnatA hone se zuddha hoNge| isa prakAra jaina vicAraNA yaha batAtI hai ki samyagdarzana haiM dUsarA vyakti vaijJAnika ke kathanoM para vizvAsa karake bhI vastutattva ke ke abhAva se vicAra-pravAha sarAga, sakAma yA phalAzA se yukta hotA hai yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnatA hai| donoM dazAoM meM vyakti kA dRSTikoNa yathArtha aura yahI karmoM ke prati rahI huI phalAzA bandhana kA kAraNa hone se hI kahA jAyegA, yadyapi donoM kI upalabdhi vidhi meM antara hai| eka ne puruSArtha ko azuddha banA detI hai, jabaki samyagdarzana kI upasthiti se use tattva-sAkSAtkAra yA svata: kI anubhUti meM pAyA, to dUsare ne zraddhA vicAra-pravAha vItarAgatA, niSkAmatA aura anAsakti kI ora bar3hatA hai, ke mAdhyama se| phalAkAMkSA samApta ho jAtI hai ata: samyagdRSTi se yukta sArA puruSArtha vastutattva ke prati dRSTikoNa kI yathArthatA jina mAdhyamoM se parizuddha hotA hai|42 prApta kI jA sakatI hai, ve do haiM- yA to vyakti svayaM tattva-sAkSAtkAra kare athavA una RSiyoM, sAdhakoM ke kathanoM para zraddhA kare jinhoMne tattva- bauddha darzana meM samyagdarzana kA sthAna sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai| tattvazraddhA to mAtra usa samaya taka ke lie eka bauddha darzana meM samyagdarzana kA kyA sthAna hai, yaha buddha ke anivArya vikalpa hai jaba taka sAdhaka tattva-sAkSAtkAra nahIM kara letaa| nimna kathana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai| aMguttaranikAya meM buddha kahate haiM kiantima sthiti to tattva-sAkSAtkAra kI hI haiN| isa sambandha meM paM0 bhikSuoM! maiM dUsarI koI bhI eka bAta aisI nahIM jAnatA jisase sukhalAla jI likhate haiM- "tattvazraddhA hI samyagdRSTi ho to bhI vaha artha anutpanna akuzala-dharma utpanna hote hoM tathA utpanna akuzala-dharmoM meM antima nahIM hai, antima artha to tattva-sAkSAtkAra hai| tattvazraddhA to vRddhi hotI ho, vipulatA hotI ho, jaise bhikSuo! mithyaa-dRsstti| tattva-sAkSAtkAra kA eka sopAna mAtra hai| vaha sopAna dRr3ha ho tabhI bhikSuo! mithyAdRSTi vAle meM anutpanna akuzala-dharma paidA ho yathocita puruSArtha se tattva kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai|"38 jAte haiM, utpanna akuzala-dharma vRddhi ko, vipulatA ko prApta ho jAte haiN| bhikSuo! maiM dUsarI koI bhI eka bAta aisI nahIM jAnatA jisase jaina AcAra darzana meM samyagdarzana kA sthAna anutpanna kuzala-dharma utpanna hoM tathA utpanna kuzala-dharmoM meM vRddhi hotI samyagdarzana jaina AcAra-vyavasthA kA AdhAra hai| nandIsUtra meM ho, vipulatA hotI ho, jaise bhikSuoM! smygdRsstti| samyagdarzana ko saMgha rUpI sumeru parvata kI atyanta sudRr3ha aura gahana bhikSuo! samyagdRSTi vAle meM anutpanna kuzala-dharma utpanna ho jAte bhUpIThikA (AdhArazilA) kahA gayA hai jisa para jJAna aura cAritra rUpI haiM, utpanna kuzala-dharma vRddhi ko, vipulatA ko prApta ho jAte haiN|43 isa uttama dharma kI mekhalA arthAt parvatamAlA sthita rahI huI hai|39 jaina prakAra buddha samyagdRSTi ko naitika jIvana ke lie Avazyaka mAnate haiN| unakI AcAra darzana meM samyagdarzana ko mukti kA adhikAra-patra kahA jA sakatA dRSTi meM mithyAdRSTikoNa idhara (saMsAra) kA kinArA hai aura samyagdRSTikoNa hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki samyagdarzana ke binA udhara (nirvANa) kA kinArA hai|4 buddha ke ye vacana yaha spaSTa kara dete haiM ki samyagjJAna nahIM hotA aura samyagjJAna ke abhAva meM AcaraNa meM yathArthatA bauddha darzana meM samyagdRSTi kA kitanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| yA sacAritratA nahIM AtI aura sacAritratA ke abhAva meM karmAvaraNa se mukti sambhava nahIM aura karmAvaraNa se jakar3e hue prANI kA nirvANa nahIM vaidika paramparA evaM gItA meM samyagdarzana (zraddhA) kA sthAna hotaa|40 AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki samyagdRSTi pApAcaraNa nahIM vaidika-paramparA meM bhI samyagdarzana ko mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta krtaa|41 jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra AcaraNa kA sat athavA asat hai| jainadarzana ke samAna hI manusmRti meM kahA gayA hai ki samyagdRSTi sampanna honA kartA ke dRSTikoNa (darzana) para nirbhara hai| samyagdRSTitva se pariniSpanna vyakti karma ke bandhana meM nahIM AtA hai, lekina samyagdarzana se vihIna hone vAlA AcaraNa sadaiva sat hogA aura mithyAdRSTi se pariniSpanna hone vyakti saMsAra meM paribhramita hotA rahatA hai| vAlA AcaraNa sadaiva asat hogA, isI AdhAra para sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM spaSTa gItA meM yadyapi samyagdarzana zabda kA abhAva hai phira bhI rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki vyakti prabuddha hai, bhAgyavAna hai aura parAkramI bhI samyagdarzana ko zraddhAparaka artha meM lene para gItA meM usakA mahattvapUrNa hai, lekina yadi usakA dRSTikoNa asamyak hai to usakA samasta dAna, sthAna siddha ho jAtA hai| zraddhA gItA ke AcAra darzana ke kendrIya tattvoM tapa Adi puruSArtha phalayukta hone ke kAraNa azuddha hI hogaa| vaha use meM se eka hai| zraddhAvAn labhate jJAnaM" kahakara gItA meM usake mahattva ko mukti kI ora nahIM le jAkara bandhana kI ora hI le jAyegA, kyoMki spaSTa kara diyA hai| gItA yaha bhI svIkAra karatI hai ki vyakti kI jaisI asamyagdarzI hone ke kAraNa vaha Asakta (sarAga) dRSTi vAlA hogA aura zraddhA hotI hai, usakA jIvana ke prati jaisA dRSTikoNa hotA hai, vaisA hI Asakta yA phalAzApUrNa vicAra se pariniSpanna hone ke kAraNa usake sabhI vaha bana jAtA hai|45 gItA meM zrIkRSNa ne yaha kahakara ki yadi durAcArI kArya bhI phalayukta hoMge aura phalayukta hone se usake bandhana ke kAraNa vyakti bhI mujhe bhajatA hai arthAt mere prati zraddhA rakhatA hai to vaha zIghra hI hoNge| ata: asamyagdarzI vyakti kA sArA puruSArtha azuddha hI kahA dharmAtmA hokara cirazAMti ko prApta ho jAtA hai, isa kathana meM samyagdarzana jAyegA, kyoMki vaha usakI mukti meM bAdhaka hogaa| lekina isake viparIta yA zraddhA ke mahattva ko spaSTa kara diyA hai|46 gItA kA yaha kathana samyagdRSTi yA vItarAgadRSTisampanna vyakti ke sabhI kArya phalAzA se rahita AcArAMga ke usa kathana se ki 'samyagdarzI koI pApa nahIM karatA' kAphI
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________________ 454 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 adhika sAmyatA rakhatA hai| AcArya zaMkara ne apane gItAbhASya meM bhI unakI yathArthatA para zraddhA karanA, yaha vistAraruci samyaktva hai| samyagdarzana ke mahattva ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki "samyagdarzananiSTha (8) kriyAruci samyaktva- prArambhika rUpa se sAdhaka jIvana puruSa saMsAra ke bIja rUpa avidyA Adi doSoM kA unmUlana nahIM kara sake kI vibhinna kriyAoM ke AcaraNa meM ruci ho aura usa sAdhanAtmaka aisA kadApi sambhava nahIM ho sakatA arthAt samyagdarzanayukta puruSa nizcitarUpa anuSThAna ke phalasvarUpa yathArthatA kA bodha ho, vaha kriyAruci se nirvANa-lAbha karatA hai|"47 AcArya zaMkara ke anusAra jaba taka samyaktva hai| samyakdarzana nahIM hotA taba taka rAga (viSayAsakti) kA uccheda nahIM hotA (9) saMkSeparuci samyaktva- jo vastutattva kA yathArtha svarUpa aura jaba taka rAga kA uccheda nahIM hotA, mukti sambhava nahIM hotii| nahIM jAnatA hai aura jo Arhat pravacana (jJAna) meM pravINa bhI nahIM hai samyagdarzana AdhyAtmika jIvana kA prANa hai| jisa prakAra lekina jisane ayathArtha (mithyAdRSTikoNa) ko aMgIkRta bhI nahIM kiyA, cetanA se rahita zarIra zava hai usI prakAra samyagdarzana se rahita vyakti jisameM yathArtha jJAna kI alpatA hote hue bhI mithyA (asatya) dhAraNA calatA-phiratA zava hai| jisa prakAra zava loka meM tyAjya hotA hai vaise hI nahIM hai aisA samyaktva saMkSeparuci kahA jAtA hai| AdhyAtmika-jagata meM yaha cala-zava tyAjya hotA hai|48 vastuta: samyagdarzana (10) dharmaruci samyaktva- tIrthaMkaradeva praNIta dharma meM batAe eka jIvana-dRSTi hai| binA jIvana-dRSTi ke jIvana kA koI artha nahIM raha gae dravya svarUpa, Agama sAhitya evaM naitika niyama (cAritra) para jaataa| vyakti kI jIvana-dRSTi jaisI hotI hai usI rUpa meM usake caritra kA Astikya bhAva rakhanA, unheM yathArtha mAnanA yaha dharmaruci samyaktva hai|51 nirmANa ho jAtA hai| gItA meM kahA gayA hai ki vyakti zraddhAmaya hai, jaisI zraddhA hotI hai vaisA hI vaha bana jAtA hai|49 asamyagjIvanadRSTi patana kI samyaktva kA trividhi vargIkaraNa52 ora aura samyagjIvana-dRSTi utthAna kI ora le jAtI hai isalie yathArtha apekSAbheda se samyaktva kA vividha vargIkaraNa bhI jainAcAryoM ne jIvanadRSTi kA nirmANa jise bharatIya paramparA meM samyagdarzana, samyagdRSTi kiyA hai isa vargIkaraNa ke anusAra samyaktva ke kAraka, rocaka aura yA zraddhA kahA gayA hai, Avazyaka hai| dIpaka aise tIna bheda kiya gaye : yathArtha jIvanadRSTi kyA hai? yadi isa prazna para hama gambhIratApUrvaka jisa yathArtha dRSTikoNa (samyaktva) ke hone para vyakti sadAcaraNa vicAra kareM to hama pAte haiM ki samAlocya sabhI AcAra-darzanoM meM yA samyak-cAritra kI sAdhanA meM agrasara hotA hai, vaha 'kAraka samyaktva' anAsakta evaM vItarAga jIvanadRSTi ko hI yathArtha jIvanadRSTi mAnA gayA hai| hai| kAraka samyaktva aisA yathArtha dRSTikoNa hai jisameM vyakti Adarza kI upalabdhi ke hetu sakriya evaM prayAsazIla bana jAtA hai| naitika dRSTi se samyagdarzana kA vargIkaraNa kaheM to 'kAraka-samyaktva' zubhAzubha viveka kI vaha avasthA hai jisameM uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM samyagdarzana ke, usakI utpatti ke AdhAra vyakti jisa zubha kA nizcaya karatA hai, usakA AcaraNa bhI karatA hai| yahA~ para, dasa bheda kiye gaye haiM, jo nimnAnusAra hai jJAna aura kriyA meM abheda hotA hai| sukarAta kA yaha vacana ki 'jJAna hI (1) nisarga (svabhAva) ruci samyaktva- jo yathArtha dRSTikoNa vyakti sadguNa hai' isa avasthA meM lAgU hotA hai| meM svata: hI utpanna ho jAtA hai, vaha nisargaruci samyaktva kahA jAtA hai| 2. rocaka samyaktva satyabodha kI vaha avasthA hai jisameM (2) upadezaruci samyaktva-dUsare vyakti se sunakara jo yathArtha vyakti zubha ko zubha aura azubha ko azubha ke rUpa meM jAnatA hai aura dRSTikoNa yA tattvazraddhAn hotA hai, vaha upadezaruci samyaktva hai| zubha kI prApti kI icchA bhI karatA hai, lekina usake lie prayAsa nahIM (3) AjJAruci samyaktva- vItarAga mahApuruSoM ke naitika AdezoM krtaa| satyAsatyaviveka hone para bhI satya kA AcaraNa nahIM kara pAnA, ko mAnakara jo yathArtha dRSTikoNa utpanna hotA hai athavA jo tattvazraddhA yaha rocaka samyaktva hai| jaise koI rogI apanI rugNAvasthA ko bhI hotI hai, use AjJAruci samyaktva kahA jAtA hai| jAnatA hai, roga kI oSadhi bhI jAnatA hai aura roga se mukta honA bhI (4) sUtraruci samyaktva- aMgapraviSTa evaM aMgabAhya granthoM ke cAhatA hai lekina phira bhI oSadhi ko grahaNa nahIM kara pAtA vaise hI rocaka adhyayana ke AdhAra para jo yathArtha dRSTikoNa yA tattvazraddhAn hotA hai, vaha samyaktva vAlA vyakti saMsAra ke duHkhamaya yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnatA hai, sUtraruci samyaktva kahA jAtA hai| usase mukta honA bhI cAhatA hai, use mokSa-mArga kA bhI jJAna hotA hai phira (5) bIjaruci samyaktva- yathArthatA ke svalpabodha ko svacintana vaha samyak-cAritra pAlana (cAritramohakarma ke udaya ke kAraNa) nahIM kara ke dvArA vikasita karanA, bIjaruci samyaktva hai| pAtA hai| isa avasthA ko mahAbhArata ke usa vacana ke samakakSa mAnA jA (6) abhigamaruci samyaktva- aMgasAhitya evaM anya granthoM ko sakatA hai, jisameM kahA gayA hai ki dharma ko jAnate hue bhI usameM pravRtti artha evaM vivecanA sahita adhyayana karane se jo tattva-bodha evaM tatva- nahIM hotI ora adharma ko jAnate hue bhI usase nivRtti nahIM hotI hai|53 zraddhA utpanna hotI hai, vaha abhigamaruci samyaktva hai| (7) vistAraruci samyaktva- vastutattva (SaT dravyoM) ke aneka 3. dIpakasamyaktva pakSoM kA vibhinna apekSAoM (dRSTikoNoM) evaM pramANoM se avabodha kara vaha avasthA jisameM vyakti apane upadeza se dUsaroM meM tattvajijJAsA
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________________ jaina sAdhanA kA AdhAra samyagdarzana 455 utpanna kara detA hai aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa hone vAle yathArthabodha kA aupazamika aura kSAyopazamika samyaktva kI bhUmikA meM samyaktva kAraNa banatA hai, dIpaka samyaktva kahalAtI hai| dIpaka samyaktva vAlA ke rasa kA pAna karane ke pazcAt jaba sAdhaka puna: mithyAtva kI ora vyakti vaha hai jo dUsaroM ko sanmArga para lagA dene kA kAraNa to bana jAtA lauTatA hai to lauTane kI isa kSaNika samayAvadhi meM vAnta samyaktva kA hai lekina svayaM kumArga kA hI pathika banA rahatA hai| jaise koI nadI ke kiMcit saMskAra avaziSTa rahatA haiM jaise vamana karate samaya vamita padArthoM tIra para khar3A huA vyakti kisI nadI ke madhya meM thake hue tairAka kA kA kucha svAda AtA hai vese hI samyaktva ko vAnta karate samaya samyaktva utsAhavardhana kara usake pAra lagane kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai yadyapi na to kA bhI kucha AsvAda rahatA hai| jIva kI aisI sthiti sAsvAdana samyaktva svayaM tairanA jAnatA hai aura na pAra hI hotA hai| kahalAtI hai| samyaktva kA trividha vargIkaraNa eka anya prakAra se bhI sAtha hI jaba jIva kSAyopazamika samyaktva kI bhUmikA se kiyA gayA hai- jisameM karmaprakRtiyoM ke kSayopazama ke AdhAra para kSAyika samyaktva kI prazasta bhUmikA para Age bar3hatA hai aura isa vikAsa usake bheda kiye haiN| jaina vicAraNA meM anantAnubaMdhI (tIvratama) krodha, krama meM jaba vaha samyaktvamohanIya karmaprakRti ke karmadalikoM kA anubhava mAna, mAyA (kapa), lobha tathA mithyAtvamoha, mizramoha aura samyaktvamoha kara rahA hotA hai to usake samyaktva kI yaha avasthA 'vedaka samyaktva' ye sAta karma-prakRtiyA~ samyaktva (yathArthabodha) kI virodhI mAnI gayI kahalAtI hai| vedaka samyaktva ke anantara jIva kSAyika samyaktva ko hai, isameM samyaktvamohanIya ko chor3a zeSa chaha karma-prakRtiyA~ udaya prApta kara letA hai| hotI haiM to samyaktva kA prakaTana nahIM ho paataa| samyaktvamoha mAtra vastutaH sAsvAdana samyaktva aura vedaka samyaktva samyaktva samyaktva kI nirmalatA aura vizuddhi meM bAdhaka hotA haiM karmaprakRtiyoM kI madhyAntara avasthAyeM hai| pahalI samyaktva se mithyAtava kI ora girate kI tIna sthitiyA~ haiM samaya aura dUsarI kSAyopazamika samyaktva se kSAyika samyaktva kI ora 1. kSaya, 2. upazama, aura 3. kssyopshm| bar3hate samaya hotI hai| isI AdhAra para samyaktva kA yaha vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai jisameM samyaktva tIna prakAra kA hotA hai samyaktva kA vividha vargIkaraNa 1. aupazamika samyaktva 2. kSAyika samyaktva, aura samyaktva kA vizleSaNa aneka apekSAoM se kiyA gayA hai 3. kSAyopazamika samyaktva tAki usake vividha pahaluoM para samucita prakAza DAlA jA ske| samyaktva kA vividha vargIkaraNa cAra prakAra se kiyA gayA haiaupazamika samyaktva dravya samyaktva aura bhAva samyaktva uparokta (kriyAmANa) karmaprakRtiyoM ke upazamita (dabAI huI) 1. dravya samyaktva- vizuddha rUpa se pariNata kiye hue mithyAtva ho jAne se jisa samaktva guNa kA prakaTana hotA hai vaha aupazamika ke karmaparamANu dravya samyaktva kahalAte haiN| samyaktva kahalAtA hai| aupazamika samyaktva meM sthAyitva kA abhAva 2. bhAva samyaktva- uparokta vizuddha pudgala vargaNA ke nimitta hotA hai| zAstrIya vivecanA ke anusAra yaha eka antarmuhUrta (48 miniTa) se hone vAlI tattvazraddhA bhAva samyaktva kahalAtI hai| se adhika nahIM Tika pAtA hai| upazamita karmaprakRtiyA~ (vAsanAe~) punaH (ba) nizcaya samyaktva aura vyavahAra samyaktva jAgrata hokara ise vinaSTa kara detI haiN| 1. nizcaya samyaktva- rAga-dveSa aura moha kA atyalpa ho jAnA, para-padArthoM se bhedajJAna evaM sva-svarUpa meM ramaNa, deha meM rahate hue kSAyika samyaktva dehAdhyAsa kA chUTa jAnA, yaha nizcaya samyaktva ke lakSaNa haiN| merA zuddha uparokta sAtoM karmaprakRtiyoM ke kSaya ho jAne para jisa samyaktva svarUpa anantajJAna, anantadarzana aura anantaAnandamaya hai| para-bhAva yA rUpa yathArthabodha kA prakaTana hotA hai, vaha kSAyika samyaktva kahalAtA hai| Asakti hI mere bandhana kA kAraNa, aura sva-svabhAva meM ramaNa karanA hI yaha yathArthabodha sthAyI hotA hai aura eka bAra prakaTa hone para kabhI bhI mokSa kA hetu hai| maiM svayaM hI apanA Adarza hU~, deva-guru aura dharma yaha vinaSTa nahIM hotA hai| zAstrIya bhASA meM yaha sAdi evaM ananta hotA hai| merI AtmA hI hai| aisI dRr3ha zraddhA kA honA hI nizcaya samyaktva hai| dUsare zabdoM meM Atmakendrita honA yahI nizcaya samyaktva hai| kSAyopazamika samyaktva 2. vyavahAra samyaktva- vItarAga meM devabuddhi (Adarza buddhi), mithyAtvajanaka udayagata (kriyamANa) karmaprakRtiyoM ke kSaya ho jAne pA~ca mahAvratoM ke pAlana karane vAle muniyoM meM gurubuddhi aura jinapraNIta para aura anudita (sattAvAna yA saMcita) karmaprakRtiyoM ke upazama ho jAne para dharma meM siddhAntabuddhi rakhanA, yaha vyavahAra samyaktva hai| jisa samyaktva kA pragaTana hotA hai vaha kSAyopazamika samyaktva kahalAtA hai| yadyapi sAmAnya dRSTi se yaha asthAyI hI hai phira bhI eka lambI samayAvadhi (sa) nisargaja samyaktva aura adhigamaja samyaktva56 (chayAsaTha sAgaropama se kucha adhika) taka avasthita raha sakatA hai| 1. nisargaja samyaktva-jisa prakAra nadI ke pravAha meM par3A
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________________ 456 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 huA patthara aprayAsa hI svAbhavika rUpa se gola ho jAtA hai usI prakAra ke tIvratama aakaaNkssaa| kyoMki jisameM satyAbhIpsA hogI vahI satya ko pA saMsAra meM bhaTakate hue prANI ko anAyAsa hI jaba karmAvaraNa ke alpa sakegA, satyAbhIpsA se hI ajJAna se jJAna kI ora pragati hotI hai| yahI hone para yathArthatA kA bodha ho jAtA hai to aisA satyabodha nisargaja kAraNa hai ki uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM saMvega kA pratiphala batAte hue mahAvIra (prAkRtika) hotA haiN| binA kisI guru Adi ke upadeza ke svAbhAvika kahate haiM ki saMvega se mithyAtva kI vizuddhi hokara yathArtha-darzana kI rUpa meM svata: utpanna hone vAlA aisA satya bodha nisargaja samyaktva upalabdhi (ArAdhanA) hotI hai|58 kahalAtA hai| 3. nirveda- isa zabda kA artha hotA hai udAsInatA, vairAgya, 2. adhigamaja samyaktva-guru Adi ke upadezarUpa nimitta anaaskti| sAMsArika pravRttiyoM ke prati udAsIna bhAva rakhanA, kyoMki se hone vAlA satyabodha yA samyaktva adhigamaja samyaktva kahalAtA hai| isake abhAva meM sAdhanA-mArga para calanA sambhava nahIM hotaa| vastutaH isa prakAra jaina dArzanika na to vedAnta aura mImAMsA darzana ke nirveda niSkAma bhAvanA yA anAsakta dRSTi ke udaya kA Avazyaka aMga hai| anusAra satya ke nitya prakaTana ko svIkAra karate haiM aura na nyAya-vaizeSika 4. anukampA- isa zabda kA zabdika nirvacana isa prakAra haiaura yogadarzana ke samAna yaha mAnate haiM ki satya kA prakaTana Izvara ke dvArA anu+kmpaa| anu kA artha hai tadanusAra, kampa kA artha hai dhUjanA yA hotA hai varan ve to yaha mAnate haiM ki jIvAtmA meM satyabodha ko prApta karane kampita honA arthAt kisI anya ke anusAra kampita honaa| dUsare zabdoM kI svAbhAvika zakti hai aura vaha binA kisI dUsare kI sahAyatA ke satya kA meM kaheM to anya vyakti ke duHkhita yA pIr3ita hone para tadanukUla anubhUti bodha prApta kara sakatA hai yadyapi kinhI viziSTa AtmAoM (tIrthaMkara) dvArA hamAre andara utpanna honA hI anukampA hai| dUsare ke sukha-duHkha ko apanA satya kA prakaTana evaM upadeza bhI kiyA jAtA hai|57 sukha-duHkha samajhanA yahI anukampA kA artha hai| paropakAra ke naitika siddhAnta kA AdhAra yahI anukampA hai| ise sahAnubhUti bhI kahA jA samyaktva ke pA~ca aMga sakatA hai| samyaktva yathArthatA hai, satya hai; isa satya kI sAdhanA ke lie 5. Astikya- Astikya zabda AstikatA kA dyotaka hai| jaina vicArakoM ne pA~ca aMgoM kA vidhAna kiyA hai| jaba taka sAdhaka inheM jisake mUla meM asti zabda hai, jo sattA kA vAcaka hai| Astika kise nahIM apanA letA hai vaha yathArthatA yA satya kI ArAdhanA evaM upalabdhi kahA jAe isa prazna kA uttara aneka rUpoM meM diyA gayA hai| kucha ne kahAmeM samartha nahIM ho paataa| samyaktva ke nimna pA~ca aMga haiM : jo Izvara ke astitva yA sattA meM vizvAsa karatA hai, vaha Astika hai| 1. sama- samyaktva kA pahalA lakSaNa hai sm| prAkRta bhASA kA dUsaroM ne kahA- jo vedoM meM AsthA rakhatA hai, vaha Astika hai| lekina yaha 'sama' zabda saMskRta bhASA meM tIna rUpa letA hai- 1. sama, 2. zama, jaina vicAraNA meM Astika aura nAstika ke vibheda kA AdhAra isase 3. shrm| ina tInoM zabdoM ke aneka artha hote haiN| pahale 'sama' zabda ke bhinna hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra jo puNya-pApa, punarjanma, karma-siddhAnta hI do artha hote haiN| pahale artha meM yaha sahAnubhUti yA tulyatA hai arthAt aura AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra karatA hai, vaha Astika hai| sabhI prANiyoM ko apane samAna samajhanA hai| isa artha meM 'Atmavat jaina vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM yathArthatA yA samyaktva ke nimna sarvabhUteSu' ke mahAn siddhAnta kI sthApanA karatA hai jo ahiMsA kI pA~ca dUSaNa (aticAra) mAne gaye haiM jo satya yA yathArthatA ko apane vicAra-praNAlI kA AdhAra hai| dUsare artha meM ise sama-manovRtti yA vizuddha svarUpa meM jAnane athavA anubhUta karane meM bAdhaka hote haiN| samabhAva kahA jA sakatA hai arthAt sukha-duHkha, hAni-lAbha evaM anukUla aticAra vaha doSa hai jisase vrata bhaMga to nahIM hotA lekina usakI aura pratikUla donoM sthitiyoM meM samabhAva rakhanA, citta ko vicalita nahIM samyaktva prabhAvita hotA hai| samyak dRSTikoNa kI yathArthatA ko prabhAvita hone denaa| yaha cittavRtti saMtulana haiM saMskRta ke 'zama rUpa ke AdhAra para karane vAle 3 doSa hai- 1. cala, 2. mala, aura 3. agaaddh'| cala doSa isakA artha hotA hai zAMta karanA arthAt kaSAyAgni yA vAsanAoM ko se tAtparya yaha hai ki yadyapi vyakti antaHkaraNapUrvaka to yathArtha dRSTikoNa zAMta krnaa| saMskRta ke tIsare rUpa 'zrama' ke AdhAra para isakA nirvacana ke prati dRr3ha rahatA hai lekina kabhI-kabhI kSaNika rUpa meM bAhya AvegoM se hotA hai- prayAsa, prayatna yA puruSArtha krnaa| prabhAvita ho jAtA hai| mala ve doSa haiM jo yathArtha dRSTikoNa kI nirmalatA 2. saMvega- saMvega zabda kA zAbdika vizleSaNa karane para ko prabhAvita karate haiN| mala nimna pA~ca haiMusakA nimna artha dhvanita hotA hai-sama+vega, samyakt ucita, vega- gati 1. zaMkA-vItarAga yA arhat ke kathanoM para zaMkA karanA, arthAt smykgti| sam zabda AtmA ke artha meM bhI A sakatA hai| isa unakI yathArthatA ke prati saMdehAtmaka dRSTikoNa rkhnaa| prakAra isakA artha hogA AtmA kI ora gti| dUsare, sAmAnya artha meM 2. AkAMkSA- svadharma ko chor3akara para-dharma kI icchA karanA, saMvega zabda anubhati ke artha meM bhI prayukta hotA haiM yahA~ isakA tAtparya AkAMkSA karanA athavA naitika evaM dhArmika AcaraNa ke phala kI AkAMkSA hogA svAnubhUti, AtmAnubhUti athavA AtmA ke Anandamaya svarUpa kI krnaa| phalAsakti bhI sAdhanA-mArga meM bAdhaka tattva mAnI gayI hai| anubhuuti| tIsare, AkAMkSA kI tIvratama avasthA ko bhI saMvega kahA jAtA 3. vicikitsA- naitika athavA dhArmika AcaraNa ke phala ke hai| isa prasaMga meM isakA artha hogA satyAbhIpsA arthAt satya ko jAnane prati saMzaya karanA ki mere isa sadAcaraNa kA pratiphala milegA yA nhiiN| prabhAvita hA .
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________________ jaina sAdhanA kA AdhAra samyagdarzana 457 jaina vicAraNA meM phalApekSA evaM phala-saMzaya donoM ko hI anucita mAnA sAdhya, sAdhaka aura sAdhanA-patha tInoM para avicala zraddhA caahie| sAdhaka gayA hai| kucha jainAcAryoM ke anusAra isakA artha ghRNA bhI lagAyA gayA meM jisa kSaNa bhI ina tInoM meM se eka ke prati bhI sandehazIlatA utpanna hai|59 munijana, rogI evaM glAna vyaktiyoM ke prati ghRNA rakhanA ghRNAbhAva hotI hai, vaha sAdhanA ke kSetra meM cyuta ho jAtA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina vyakti ko sevApatha se vimukha banAtA hai| vicAraNA sAdhanAtmaka jIvana ke lie niHzaMkatA ko Avazyaka mAnatI 4. mithyAdRSTiyoM kI prazaMsA- jina logoM kA dRSTikoNa hai| ni:zaMkatA kI isa dhAraNA ko prajJA aura tarka kA virodhI nahIM mAnanA samyaka nahIM hai aise ayathArtha dRSTikoNa vAle vyaktiyoM athavA saMgaThanoM kI caahie| saMzaya jJAna ke vikAsa meM sAdhana ho sakatA hai lekina use sAdhya prazaMsA krnaa| mana lenA athavA saMzaya meM hI ruka jAnA sAdhanAtmaka-jIvana ke upayukta 5. mithyAdRSTiyoM se ati paricaya- sAdhanAtmaka athavA nahIM haiN| mUlAcAra meM niHzaMkatA ko nirbhayatA mAnA gayA hai|63 naitikatA naitika jIvana ke prati jinakA dRSTikoNa ayathArtha hai, aise vyaktiyoM se ke lie pUrNa nirbhaya jIvana Avazyaka hai, bhaya para sthita naitikatA saccI ghaniSTha sambandha rkhnaa| saMgati kA asara vyakti ke jIvana para kAphI naitikatA nahIM hai| adhika hotA hai| cAritra ke nirmANa evaM patana donoM meM hI saMgati kA 2.niHkAMkSatA- svakIya Anandamaya paramAtmasvarUpa meM niSThAvAna prabhAva par3atA hai ata: anaitika AcaraNa karane vAle logoM se atiparicaya rahanA aura kisI bhI parabhAva kI AkAMkSA yA icchA nahIM karanA hI yA ghaniSTha sambandha rakhanA ucita nahIM mAnA gayA hai| ni:kAMkSatA hai| sAdhanAtmaka jIvana meM bhautika vaibhava athavA aihika tathA paM0 banArasIdAsajI ne nATaka samayasAra meM samyaktva ke aticAroM pAralaukika sukha ko lakSya banA lenA, jainadarzana ke anusAra 'kAMkSA' kI eka bhinna sUcI prastuta kI hai| unake anusAra samyagdarzana ke nimna hai|64 kisI bhI laukika aura pAralaukika kAmanA ko lekara sAdhanAtmaka pA~ca aticAra haiM jIvana meM praviSTa honA, jaina vicAraNA ko mAnya nahIM hai; vaha aisI sAdhanA 1. lokabhaya 2. sAMsArika sukhoM ke prati Asakti 3. bhAvI ko vAstavika sAdhanA nahIM kahatI hai, kyoMki vaha Atma-kendrata nahIM hai| jIvana meM sAMsArika sukhoM ke prApta karane kI icchA 4. mithyAzAstroM kI bhautika sukhoM aura upalabdhiyoM ke pIche bhAgane vAlA sAdhaka camatkAra prazaMsA evaM 5. mithyA-matiyoM kI sevA60 aura pralobhana ke pIche kisI bhI kSaNa lakSyacyuta ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra agAr3ha doSa vaha doSa hai jisameM asthiratA rahatI hai| jisa prakAra jaina sAdhanA meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki sAdhaka ko sAdhanA ke kSetra meM praviSTa hilate hue darpaNa meM yathArtha rUpa to dikhatA hai lekina vaha asthira hotA hone ke lie ni:kAMkSita athavA niSkAma bhAva se yukta honA caahie| hai, usI prakAra asthira citta meM satya kA prakaTana to hotA hai lekina vaha AcArya amRtacandra ne puruSArthasiddhyupAya meM ni:kAMkSatA kA artha aikAntika bhI asthira hotA hai| smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra mAnyAtAoM se dUra rahanA kiyA hai|65 isa AdhAra para anAgrahayukta uparokta doSoM kI sambhAvanA kSAyopazamika samyaktva meM hotI hai- upazama dRSTikoNa samyaktva ke lie Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| " samyaktva aura kSAyika samyaktva meM nahIM hotI hai, kyoMki upazama 3. nirvicikitsA- nirvicikitsA ke do artha mAne gaye haiM: samyaktva kI samayAvadhi hI itanI kSaNika hotI hai ki doSa hone kA (a) maiM jo dharma sAdhanA kara rahA hU~ isakA phala mujhe avazya avakAza hI nahIM rahatA aura kSAyika samyaktva pUrNa zuddha hotA hai ataH milegA yA nahIM, merI yaha sAdhanA vyartha to nahIM calI jAyegI, aisI usameM doSoM kI sambhAvanA nahIM rahatI hai| AzaMkA rakhanA 'vicikitsA' kahalAtI haiN| isa prakAra sAdhanA aura naitika kriyA ke phala ke prati zaMkita bane rahanA vicikitsA hai| zaMkita samyagdarzana ke ATha aMga hradaya se sAdhanA karane vAle sAdhaka meM sthiratA aura dhairya kA abhAva hotA uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM samyagdarzana kI sAdhanA ke ATha aMga prastuta hai aura usakI sAdhanA saphala nahIM ho pAtI hai| ata: sAdhaka ke lie yaha kiye gaye haiM jinakA samAcaraNa sAdhaka ke lie apekSita hai| darzanavizuddhi Avazyaka hai ki vaha isa pratIti ke sAtha naitika AcaraNa kA prArambha kare ke saMvarddhana aura saMrakSaNa ke lie inakA pAlana Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| ki kriyA aura phala kA avinAbhAvI sambandha hai aura yadi caraNa kiyA uttarAdhyayana meM varNita yaha ATha prakAra kA darzanAcAra nimna hai- jAyegA to nizcita rUpa se usakA phala prApta hogA hii| isa prakAra kriyA 1.ni:zaMkita 2. ni:kAMkSita 3. nirvicikitsA 4. amUr3hadRSTi ke phala ke prati sandeha nahIM honA hI nirvicikitsA hai| 5. upabRMhaNa 6. sthirIkaraNa 7. vAtsalya, aura 8. prbhaavnaa|61 (ba) kucha jainAcAryoM ke anusAra tapasvI evaM saMyamaparAyaNa 1. niHzaMkatA- saMzayazIlatA kA abhAva hI niHzaMkatA haiM muniyoM ke durbala evaM jarjara zarIra athavA malina vezabhUSA ko dekhakara mana jinapraNIta tattva-darzana meM zaMkA nahIM karanA-use yathArtha evaM satya mAnanA, meM glAni lAnA vicikitsA hai| ata: sAdhaka kI vezabhUSA evaM zarIrAdi hI ni:zaMkatA hai|62 saMzayazIlatA sAdhanAtmaka jIvana ke vikAsa kA bAhya rUpa para dhyAna nahIM dekara usake sAdhanAtmaka guNoM para vicAra karanA vidhAyaka tattva hai| jisa sAdhaka kI mana:sthiti saMzaya ke hiMDole meM jhUla caahie| vezabhUSA evaM zarIra Adi bAhya saundarya para dRSTi ko kendrita nahIM rahI ho, vaha bhI isa saMsAra meM jhUlatA rahatA hai (paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai) karake Atma-saundarya kI ora use kendrita karanA yahI saccI nirvicikitsA aura apane lakSya ko nahIM pA sktaa| sAdhanA ke lakSya kI prApti ke lie hai| AcArya samantabhadra kA kathana hai-zarIra to svabhAva se hI apavitra hai
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________________ 458 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 usakI pavitratA to samyagjJAna-darzana-cAritrarUpa ratnatraya ke sadAcaraNa se vAle vyaktiyoM ko dharma-mArga meM punaH sthira karanA yaha sAdhaka kA kartavya hI hotI hai| ataeva guNIjanoM ke zarIra se ghRNA na kara unake guNoM se mAnA gayA hai| isa patana ke do prakAra hote haiprema karanA nirvicikitsA hai|66 1. darzana vikRti arthAta dRSTikoNa kI vikRtatA 4. amUDhadRSTi- mUr3hatA kA artha hai ajnyaan| heya aura upAdeya, 2. cAritra vikRti arthAta dharma-mArga yA sadAcaraNa se cyuta yogya aura ayogya ke madhya nirNAyaka kSamatA kA abhAva hI ajJAna hai, honaa| donoM hI sthitiyoM meM use yathocita bodha dekara sthira karanA mUr3hatA hai| jaina sAhitya meM vibhinna prakAra kI mUr3hatAoM kA vargIkaraNa tIna caahie|69 digambara paramparA ke zrAvakAcAra viSayaka granthoM meM sthirIkaraNa' bhAgoM meM kiyA gayA hai ke sthAna para 'sthitikaraNa' zabda milatA hai| 1. devamUr3hatA,2. lokamUr3hatA, aura 3. samayamUr3hatA 7. vAtsalya- dharmamArga meM samAcaraNa karane vAle samAna zIla (a) devamUr3hatA- sAdhanA kA Adarza kauna hai? upAsya banane arthAt sahadharmiyoM ke prati premabhAva rakhanA vAtsalya hai| AcArya samantabhadra kI kSamatA kisameM hai? aise nirNAyaka jJAna kA abhAva hI devamUr3hatA hai, ke anusAra 'svadharmiyoM evaM guNiyoM ke prati niSkapaTa bhAva se prIti jisake kAraNa sAdhaka apane lie galata Adarza banane kI yogyatA nahIM rakhanA aura unakI yathocita sevA -suzruSA karanA vAtsalya hai| vAtsalya hai use upAsya banA lenA devamUr3hatA hai| kAma-krodhAdi vikAroM ke pUrNa kA pratIka gAya aura govatsa (bachar3e) kA prema hai| jisa prakAra gAya binA vijetA, vItarAga evaM avikala jJAna aura darzana se yukta paramAtmA ko hI kisI pratiphala kI apekSA ke govatsa ko saMkaTa meM dekhakara apane prANoM apanA upAsya aura Adarza banAnA, yahI deva ke prati amUDhadRSTi hai| ko bhI jokhima meM DAla detI hai, ThIka usI prakAra samyagdRSTi sAdhaka kA (ba) lokamar3hatA- loka pravAha aura rUr3hiyoM kA andhAnukaraNa bhI yaha kartavya hai ki vaha dhArmikajanoM ke sahayoga aura sahakAra ke lie yahI loka mUr3hatA haiN| AcArya samantabhadra lokamUr3hatA kI vyAkhyA karate kucha bhI uThA nahIM rkhe| vAtsalya saMgha,dharma yA sAmAjika bhAvanA kA hae kahate haiM ki 'nadiyoM evaM sAgara meM snAna karane se AtmA kI zuddhi kendrIya tattva hai| mAnanA, pattharoM kA Dhera kara use mukti samajhanA athavA parvata se girakara 8. prabhAvanA- sAdhanA ke kSetra meM sva-para-kalyANa kI bhAvanA yA agni meM jalakara prANa visarjana karanA Adi lokamUr3hatAe~ haiN|'67 hotI hai| jaise puSpa apane suvAsa se svayaM bhI suvAsita hotA hai aura (sa) samayamur3hatA- samaya kA artha siddhAnta yA zAstra bhI mAnA dUsaroM ko bhI suvAsita karatA hai vaise hI sAdhaka sadAcaraNa aura jJAna kI gayA hai| isa artha meM saiddhAntika jJAna yA zAstrIya jJAna kA abhAva saurabha se svayaM bhI surabhita hotA hai, sAtha hI jagat ko bhI surabhita karatA samayamUr3hatA hai| hai| sAdhanA, sadAcaraNa aura jJAna kI surabhi dvArA jagata ke anya prANiyoM 5. upabRMhaNa- bRhi dhAtu ke sAtha 'upa' upasarga lagAne se ko dharmamArga meM AkarSita karanA, yahI prabhAvanA hai| upabRMha zabda niSpanna huA hai jisakA artha hotA hai vRddhikaranA, poSaNa prabhAvanA ke ATha prakAra mAne gaye haiNkrnaa| apane AdhyAtmika guNoM kA vikAsa karanA yaha upabRMhaNa hai| 1. pravacana, 2. dharma, 3. pAda, 4. naimittika, 5. tapa, 6. samyak AcaraNa karane vAle guNIjanoM kI prazaMsA Adi karake unake vidyA, 7. prasiddha vrata grahaNa karanA aura 8. kavitvazakti / samyak AcaraNa kI vRddhi meM yoga denA upabRMhaNa hai| 6. sthirIkaraNa- sAdhanAtmaka jIvana meM kabhI-kabhI aise samyagdarzana kI sAdhanA ke 6 sthAna avasara upasthita ho jAte hai jaba sAdhaka bhautika pralobhana evaM sAdhanAtmaka jisa prakAra bauddhadarzana meM duHkha hai, duHkha kA kAraNa hai, du:kha se jIvana kI kaThinAioM ke kAraNa pathacyuta ho jAtA hai| ata: aise nivRtti ho sakatI hai, aura duHkha nivRtti kA mArga hai, ina cAra AryasatyoM kI avasaroM para svayaM ko pathacyuta hone se bacAnA aura pathacyuta sAdhakoM ko svIkRti samyagdRSTitva hai usI prakAra jaina sAdhanA ke anusAra nimna SaTsthAnakoM1 dharmamArga meM sthira karanA, yaha sthirIkaraNa hai| samyagdRSTisampanna sAdhaka ko (cha: bAtoM ) kI svIkRti samyagdRSTitva haina kevala apane vikAsa kI cintA karanI hotI hai varana usakA yaha bhI 1- AtmA hai| kartavya hai ki vaha aise sAdhakoM ko jo dharmamArga se vicalita yA patita ho 2- AtmA nitya hai| gaye haiM, unheM mArga meM sthira kre| jainadarzana yaha mAnatA hai ki vyakti yA 3- AtmA apane karmoM kA kartA hai| samAja kI bhautika sevA saccI sevA nahIM hai, saccI sevA to hai use 4- AtmA kRtakoM ke phala kA bhoktA hai| dharmamArga meM sthira krnaa| jainAcAryoM kA kathana hai ki vyakti apane zarIra 5- AtmA mukti prApta kara sakatA hai| ke camar3e ke jUte banAkara apane mAtA-pitA ko pahinAye arthAt unake 6- mukti kA upAya yA mArga hai| prati itanA adhika Atmotsarga kA bhAva rakhe to bhI vaha unake RNa se jaina tattva vicAraNA ke anusAra uparokta SaTsthAnakoM para dRr3ha uRNa nahIM ho sakatA, vaha mAtA-pitA ke RNa se uRNa tabhI mAnA pratIti samyagdarzana kI sAdhanA kA Avazyaka aMga hai| dRSTikoNa kI jAtA hai jaba vaha unheM dharmamArga meM sthira karatA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM, unake vizuddhatA evaM sadAcaraNa donoM hI ina para nirbhara haiN| yaha SaTsthAnaka jaina sAdhanAtmaka jIvana meM sahayoga detA hai| ata: dharma-mArga se patita hone naitikatA ke kendra binda haiN|
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________________ jaina sAdhanA kA AdhAra samyagdarzana 459 bauddha-darzana meM samyaka-darzana kA svarUpa Avazyaka samajhate haiM ki pratyeka vyakti buddhadharma aura saMgha ke prati jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM dekhA bauddha paramparA meM jaina-paramparA ke niSThAvAna rhe| buddha zraddhA ko prajJA se samanvita karake calate haiN| majjhimanikAya samyakadarzana ke sthAna para samyaka samAdhi; zraddhA yA citta kA vivecana meM buddha yaha spaSTa kara dete haiM ki samIkSA ke dvArA hI ucita pratIta hone upalabdha hotA hai| buddha ne apane trividha sAdhanA mArga meM kahIM zIla, para dharma kA grahaNa karanA caahie|72 viveka aura samIkSA yaha sadaiva hI samAdhi aura prajJA, kahIM zIla, citta aura prajJA aura kahIM zIla, zraddhA buddha ko svIkRta rahe haiN| buddha bhikSuoM ko sAvadhAna karate hue kahate the aura prajJA kA vivecana kiyA hai| isa AdhAra para hama dekhate hai ki bauddha- ki bhikSuoM, kyA tuma zAstA ke gaurava se to hA~ nahIM kaha rahe ho? paramparA meM samAdhi, citta aura zraddhA kA prayoga sAmAnyatayA eka hI artha bhikSuoM, jo tumhArA apanA dekhA huA, apanA anubhava kiyA huA hai meM huA hai| vastutaH zraddhA citta-vikalpa kI zUnyatA kI ora hI le jAtI kyA usI ko tuma kaha rahe ho|73 isa prakAra buddha zraddhA ko prajJA se hai| zraddhA ke utpanna ho jAne para vikalpa samApta ho jAte haiN| usI prakAra samanvita kara dete haiN| sAmAnyatayA bauddha-darzana meM zraddhA ko prathama aura samAdhi kI avasthA meM bhI citta vikalpa nahIM hote haiN| ata: citta, samAdhi prajJA ko antima sthAna diyA gayA hai| sAdhanA-mArga kI dRSTi se zraddhA aura zraddhA eka hI artha kI abhivyakti karate haiN| yadyapi apekSA bheda se pahale AtI hai aura prajJA usake pazcAt utpanna hotI hai| zraddhA ke kAraNa inake arthoM meM bhinnatA bhI rahI huI hai| zraddhA buddha, saMgha aura dharma ke prati hI dharma kA zravaNa, grahaNa, parIkSaNa aura vIryArambha hotA hai| naitika jIvana ananya niSThA hai to samAdhi citta kI zAMta avasthA hai| ke lie zraddhA kaise Avazyaka hotI hai isakA sundara citraNa bauddha-paramparA bauddha paramparA meM samyagdarzana kA arthasAmya bahuta kucha samyagdRSTi ke saundarananda nAmaka grantha meM kiyA jAtA hai| usameM buddha nanda ke prati se hai| jisa prakAra jaina-darzana meM samyagdarzana tattvazraddhA hai usI prakAra kahate haiM ki pRthvI ke bhItara jala hai yaha zraddhA jaba manuSya ko hotI hai taba bauddhadarzana meM samyakadRSTi cAra AryasatyoM ke prati zraddhA hai| jisa prakAra prayojana hone para pRthvI ko prayatnapUrvaka khodatA hai| bhUmi se anna kI utpatti jaina dharma meM samyak darzana kA artha deva, guru aura dharma ke prati niSThA hotI hai, yadi yaha zraddhA kRSaka meM na ho to vaha bhUmi meM bIja hI nahIM boyegaa| mAnA gayA hai usI prakAra bauddhadarzana meM zraddhA kA artha buddha, dharma evaM saMgha dharma kI utpatti meM zraddhA uttama kAraNa mAnI gaI hai| jaba taka manuSya tattva ko ke prati niSThA hai| jisa prakAra jaina-darzana meM deva ke rUpa meM arihaMta ko dekha yA suna nahIM letA taba taka usakI zraddhA sthira nahIM hotii| sAdhanA ke sAdhanA-Adarza svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai usI prakAra bauddha-paramparA meM kSetra meM prathama avasthA meM zraddhA eka parikalpanA ke rUpa meM grahaNa hotI hai aura sAdhanA Adarza ke rUpa meM buddha aura buddhatva ko svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| vahI anta meM tattvasAkSAtkAra bana jAtI hai| buddha ne zraddhA aura prajJA athavA sAdhanA-mArga ke rUpa meM donoM hI dharma ke prati niSThA kA Avazyaka batAte dUsare zabdoM meM jIvana ke bauddhika aura bhAvAtmaka pakSoM meM eka samanvaya kiyA haiN| jahA~ taka sAdhanA ke patha-pradarzaka kA prazna hai jaina-paramparA meM patha- hai| yaha eka aisA samanvaya hai jisameM na to zraddhA andhazraddhA banatI hai aura pradarzaka ke rUpa meM guru ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jabaki bauddha-paramparA na prajJA kevala bauddhika yA tarkAtmaka jJAna bana kara raha jAtI hai| usake sthAna para saMgha ko svIkAra karatI hai| jisa prakAra jaina-darzana meM samyakadarzana ke zaMkAzIlatA, AkAMkSA, jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM nirdeza kiyA, jaina-darzana meM samyagdarzana vicikitsA Adi doSa mAne gae haiM usI prakAra bauddha paramparA meM bhI pA~ca ke dRSTikoNaparaka aura zraddhAparaka aise do artha svIkRta rahe haiN| bauddha- nIvaraNa mAne gAye haiN| jo isa prakAra haiMparamparA meM zraddhA aura samyagdRSTi do bhinna bhinna tathya mAne gaye haiN| donoM 1. kAmacchanda (kAmabhogoM kI cAha) samaveta rUpa se jaina-darzana ke samyagdarzana zabda ke artha ko bauddha-darzana 2. avyApAda (avihiMsA) meM spaSTa kara dete haiN| 3. styAnagRddha (mAnasika aura caitasika Alasya) jaina-paramparA meM samyagdarzana ko tattvadRSTi yA tattvazraddhAn se 4. auddhatya-kaukRtya (citta kI caMcalatA), aura bhinna zraddhAparaka artha meM bhI liyA jAtA haiN| bauddha paramparA meM usakI tulanA 5. vicikitsA (zaMkA)74 zraddhA se kI jA sakatI hai| bauddha paramparA meM zraddhA pA~ca indriyoM meM prathama tulanAtmaka dRSTi se agara hama dekheM to bauddha-paramparA kA indriya, pA~ca baloM meM antima bala aura srotApanna avasthA ke cAra aMgoM kAmacchanda jaina-paramparA ke kAMkSA nAmaka aticAra ke samAna hai| isI meM prathama aMga mAnI gaI hai| bauddha paramparA meM zraddhA kA artha citta kI prakAra vicikitsA ko bhI donoM hI darzanoM meM svIkAra kiyA gayA haiN| prasAdamayI avasthA mAnA gayA hai| zraddhA jaba citta meM utpanna hotI hai to jaina-paramparA meM saMzaya aura vicikitsA donoM alaga-alaga mAne gae hai vaha citta ko prIti aura prAmodya se bhara detI hai aura cittamaloM ko naSTa kara lekina bauddha paramparA donoM kA antarbhAva eka meM hI kara detI hai| isa detI hai| yahA~ hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki bauddha paramparA meM zraddhA prakAra kucha sAmAnya matabhedoM ko chor3a kara jaina aura bauddha dRSTikoNa andhavizvAsa nahIM varan eka buddhisammata anubhava hai| yaha vizvAsa karanA eka-dUsare ke nikaTa hI Ate haiN| nahIM varan sAkSAtkAra ke pazcAt utpanna huI tattvaniSThA hai| buddha eka ora yaha mAnate haiM ki dharma kA grahaNa svayaM ke dvArA jAnakara hI karanA caahie| gItA meM zraddhA kA svarUpa evaM vargIkaraNa kAlAmAsutta meM unhoMne ise savistAra spaSTa kiyA hai| dUsarI ora ve yaha bhI jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM nirdeza kiyA ki gItA meM samyagdarzana
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________________ 460 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 ke sthAna para zraddhA kA pratyaya grAhya hai| jaina-paramparA meM sAmAnyatayA isI dainya bhAva se kisI uddhAraka ke prati apanI niSThA ko sthita karatA hai samyagdarzana dRSTiparaka artha meM svIkAra huA hai aura adhika se adhika to usakI yaha zraddhA yA bhakti eka duHkhI yA Arta vyakti kI bhakti hotI hai usameM yadi zraddhA kA tattva samAhita hai to vaha tattvazraddhA hI hai| lekina zraddhA yA bhakti kA yaha stara pUrvokta donoM staroM se nimna hotA hai| gItA meM zraddhA zabda kA artha pramukha rUpa se Izvara ke prati ananya niSThA 4. zraddhA yA bhakti kA cauthA stara vaha hai jisameM zraddhA kA hI mAnA gayA hai| ata: gItA meM zraddhA ke svarUpa para vicAra karate samaya udaya svArtha ke vazIbhUta hokara hotA hai| yahA~ zraddhA kucha pAne ke lie kI hameM yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie ki jaina-darzana meM zraddhA kA jo artha hai jAtI hai, yaha phalAkAMkSA kI pUrti ke lie kI jAne vAlI zraddhA atyanta vaha gItA meM nahIM hai| nimna stara kI mAnI gaI hai| vastuta: ise zraddhA kevala upacAra se hI kahA yadyapi gItA bhI yaha svIkAra karatI hai naitika jIvana ke lie jAtA hai| apanI mUla bhAvanAoM meM to yaha eka vyApAra athavA Izvara ko saMzayarahita honA Avazyaka hai| zraddhArahita yajJa, tapa, dAna Adi sabhI Thagane kA eka prayatna hai| aisI zraddhA yA bhakti naitika pragati meM kisI bhI naitika karma nirarthaka hI mAne gaye haiN|75 gItA meM zraddhA tIna prakAra kI artha meM sahAyaka nahIM ho sakatI hai| naitika dRSTi se kevala jJAna ke dvArA mAnI gaI hai- 1. sAtvika, 2. rAjasa aura 3. taams| sAtvika zraddhA athavA jijJAsA ke lie kI gaI zraddhA kA hI koI artha aura mUlya ho satoguNa se utpanna hokara devatAoM ke prati hotI hai| rAjasa zraddhA yakSa sakatA hai|79 / aura rAkSasoM ke prati hotI hai| isameM rajoguNa kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| tAmasa tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karate samaya hameM yaha bAta dhyAna zraddhA bhUta-preta Adi ke prati hotI hai|76 meM rakhanI cAhie ki gItA meM svayaM zrIkRSNa ke dvArA aneka bAra yaha jisa prakAra jaina-darzana meM zaMkA yA sandeha ko samyagdarzana kA AzvAsana diyA gayA hai ki jo mere prati zraddhA rakhegA vaha bandhanoM se doSa mAnA gayA hai usI prakAra gItA meM bhI saMzayAtmakatA ko doSa mAnA chUTa kara anta meM mujhe hI prApta ho jaayegaa| gItA meM bhakta ke yogakSema gayA hai|77 jisa prakAra jaina-darzana meM phalAkAMkSA bhI samyagdarzana kA kI jimmedArI svayaM zrIkRSNa hI vahana karate hai10 jabaki jaina aura aticAra (doSa) mAnI gaI hai usI prakAra gItA meM bhI phalAkAMkSA ko doSa bauddha darzanoM meM aise AzvAsanoM kA abhAva hai| gItA meM vaiyaktika Izvara tA ke anusAra jo phalAkAMkSA se yukta hokara zraddhA ke prati jisa niSThA kA udbodhana hai vaha sAmAnyatayA jaina aura bauddha rakhatA hai athavA bhakti karatA hai vaha sAdhaka nimna zreNI kA hI hai| darzanoM meM aise AzvAsanoM kA abhAva hai| gItA meM vaiyaktika Izvara ke phalAkAMkSAyukta zraddhA vyakti ko AdhyAtmika pragati kI dRSTi se Age nahIM prati jisa niSThA kA udbodhana hai vaha sAmAnyatayA jaina aura bauddha le jAtI hai| gItA meM zrIkRSNa kahate haiM jo loga viveka jJAna se rahita paramparAoM meM anupalabdha hI hai| hokara tathA bhogoM kI prApti viSayaka kAmanAoM se yukta ho mujha paramAtmA ko chor3a anyAnya devatAoM kI zaraNa grahaNa karate haiM, maiM una logoM kI upasaMhAra zraddhA unameM sthira kara detA hU~ aura usa zraddhA se yukta hokara ve una samyagdarzana athavA zraddhA kA jIvana meM kyA mUlya hai, isa devatAoM kI ArAdhanA ke dvArA apanI kAmanAoM kI pUrti karate haiN| para bhI vicAra apekSita hai| yadi hama samyagdarzana ko dRSTiparaka artha meM lekina una alpabuddhi logoM kA vaha phala nAzavAna hote hai| devatAoM kA svIkAra karate haiM, to usakA hamAre jIvana meM eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna pUjana karane vAle devatAoM ko prApta hote haiN| lekina mujha paramAtmA kI siddha hotA hai| samyagdarzana jIvana ke prati eka dRSTikoNa hai, vaha bhakti karane vAlA mujhe hI prApta hotA hai|78 anAsakta jIvana jIne kI kalA kA kendrIya tattva hai| hamAre caritra yA gItA meM zraddhA yA bhakti apane AdhAroM kI dRSTi se cAra prakAra vyaktitva kA nirmANa isI jIvana dRSTi ke AdhAra para hotA hai| gItA kI mAnI gaI hai meM isI tathya ko yaha kahakara batAyA hai ki puruSa jisakI zraddhA jaisI 1. jJAna prApta karane ke pazcAt hone vAlI zraddhA yA bhkti| hotI hai vaisA hI vaha bana jAtA hai| hama apane ko jaisA banAnA cAhate paramAtmA kA sAkSAtkAra kara lene ke pazcAt unake prati jo niSThA hotI haiM, apanI jIvana dRSTi kA nirmANa bhI usI ke anurUpa kreN| kyoMki hai vaha eka jJAnI kI niSThA mAnI gaI hai| vyakti kI jaisI dRSTi hotI hai vaisA hI usakA jIvana jIne kA DhaMga 2. jijJAsA kI dRSTi se paramAtmA para zraddhA rkhnaa| yaha zraddhA hotA hai aura jaisA usakA jIvana jIne kA DhaMga hotA hai vaisA hI usakA yA bhakti kA dUsarA rUpa hai| isameM yadyapi zraddhA to hotI hai lekina vaha caritra bana jAtA hai| aura jaisA usakA caritra hotA hai vaisA hI usake pUrNatayA saMzayarahita nahIM hotI jabaki prathama sthiti meM hone vAlI zraddhA vyaktitva kA ubhAra hotA hai| ata: eka yathArtha dRSTikoNa kA nirmANa pUrNatayA saMzayarahita hotI hai| saMzayarahita zraddhA to sAkSAtkAra ke pazcAt jIvana kI sabase prAthamika AvazyakatA hai| hI sambhava hai| jijJAsA kI avasthA meM saMzaya banA hI rahatA hai ata: zraddhA kA yaha stara prathama kI apekSA nimna hI mAnA gayA hai| saMdarbha 3. tIsare stara kI zraddhA Arta vyakti kI hotI hai| kaThinAI meM 1. dazavaikAlika, 4/11 pha~sA huA vyakti jaba svayaM apane ko usase ubarane meM asamartha pAtA hai aura 2. isibhAsiyAI suttaM, gahAvaijjaM nAmajjhayaNaM
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________________ jaina sAdhanA kA AdhAra samyagdarzana 461 3. gItA, 3/36 43. aMguttaranikAya, 1/17 4. isibhAsiyAI suttaM, 21/3 44. vahI, 10/12 aMguttaranikAya, 1/17 45. manusmRti, 6/74 saMyuttanikAya, 21/3/3/8 46. vahI, 17/3 7. saMyuttanikAya, 43/3/1 47. vahI, 9/30-31 tattvArtha sarvArthasiddhi TIkA-(pUjyapAda) 8/1 48. vahI, (zAM0) 18/12 9. majjhimanikAya, caMkisutta uddhRta mahAyAna, pR0 125, 49. bhAvapAhuDa, 143 10. udAna, 6/4 50. gItA, 17/3 11. aMguttaranikAya, 1/11 51. uttarAdhyayana, 28/16 12. gItA, 2/42-45 52. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 2675 13. AcArAMga, 1/5/1/144 53. dekhie-paMcadazI 6/176 uddhRta-bhAratIya-darzana, pR0 12 14. AcArAMga, hindI TIkA, prathama bhAga, pR0 409 54. vahI, (TIkA) 149/942 15. gItA, 4/40 55. pravacanasAroddhAra (TIkA) 149/942 16. sthAnAMga, sthAna 10 // tulanA kIjie-aMguttaranikAya 1/10- 56. sthAnAMgasUtra, 2/1/70 12 57. sTaDIja ina jaina philAsaphI, pR0 268 17. aMguttaranikAya, 1/10-12 58. uttarAdhyayana, 29/1 18. hisTrI Apha philaoNsaphI (thilI), pR0 287 59. dekhie gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) gAthA 29 kI aMgrejI TIkA 19. samayasAra, 21-22 / je0 ela0 jaina, pRSTha 22 20. uddhRta-jaina sTaDIja, pR0 136 60. nATaka samayAsAra, 13/38 21.. bhAratIya darzana, pR0 382-383 61. uttarAdhyayana, 28/31 22. uddhRta-jaina sTaDIja, pR0 132-133 62. AcArAMga, 1/5/5/163 23. vistRta vivecanA ke lie dekhie jaina sTaDIja, pR0 126- 63. mUlAcAra, 2/52-53 127 evaM 201-215 64. ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra, 12 24. gItA, 18/21-22 65. puruSArtha0, 24 25. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 4/4/19 66. ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra, 13 26. IzAvAsyopaniSad, 6-7 67. vahI, 14 27. vivekacUr3AmaNi-mAyAnirUpaNa, 111 68. puruSArtha0, 27 28. vizeSAvazyakabhASya, 1787-90 69. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra 16 29. abhidhAnarAjendra, khaNDa 5, pRSTha 2425 70. puruSArtha0, 30 30. vahI, khaNDa 5, pRSTha 2425 71. AtmA che, te nitya che, che kartA nijkrm| 31. sama prAblamsa ina jaina sAikolAjI, pRSTha 32 che bhoktA valI mokSa che, mokSa upAya dudhrm|| 32. abhi0 rA0, khaNDa 5, pR0 2425 -Atmasiddhi zAstra (zrImad rAjacandabhAI) 33. tattvArthama1/2 72. majjhimanikAya, 1/5/7 34. uttarAdhyayana 28/35 73. vahI, 1/4/8 35. sAmAyika sUtra-samyaktva pATha 74. visuddhigga, pR0 (bhAga-1) 36. dekhie sthAnAMga, 5/2 uddhRta-Atma-sAdhanA saMgraha, pR0 143 / 75. vahI, 17/15 37. Avazyakaniyukti, 1163 76. vahI, 17/2-4 38. jainadharma kA prANa, pR0 24 77. vahI, 4/40 39. nandIsUtra, 1/12 78. vahI, 7/21-23 40. uttarAdhyayana, 28/30 79. vahI, 7/16 41. AcArAMga, 1/3/2 80. vahI, 18/65-66 42. sUtrakRtAMga, 1/8/22-23