Jain Prakrit Katha Lekhakancha Stree Vishayak Drushtikon

Author(s): Nalini Joshi
Publisher: Nalini Joshi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/212298/1

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jaina prAkRta kathAlekhakAMcA strIviSayaka dRSTikoNa (puNe vidyApIThAtIla tattvajJAna vibhAgAtarphe, 'strIviSayaka bhAratIya vicArAMcI strIvAdI samIkSA' yA viSayAvara AdhArita carcAsatrAta sAdara kelelA zodhanibaMdha, di. 22 - 23 phebruvArI 2013) patravyavahArAsAThI pattA : DaoN. nalinI jozI prophesara, seTha ec. en. jaina adhyAsana, tattvajJAna vibhAga, puNe vidyApITha, puNe - 411007 mobAIla naMbara : 9421001613 dinAMka : 23/02/2013 prastAvanA : koNatyAhI saMskRtIcA abhyAsa karatAnA ticyA mUlyAMkanAce nikaSa mhaNUna, ticyAtIla strIviSayaka vicArAMcI udAratA ANi anudAratA lakSAta gheNyAcA nikaSa abhyAsaka vAraMvAra upayogAta ANatAta. saMskRta sAhityAcyA saMdarbhAta hA vicAra karatAnA vedapUrvakAlIna, vedakAlIna ANi upaniSatkAlIna strIce sthAna kase gauravAspada hote ANi madhyayugAta te kasakase duyyama hota gele - yAce varNana bhAratIya vidyece abhyAsaka nehamI karatAta. 'vicArAMce heca prarUpa jaina graMthAtIla strIcitraNAlA lAgU paDate kA ?' - yA praznAce uttara zodhaNyAcA prayAsa prastuta zodhanibaMdhAta kelA Ahe. "tattvajJAnAcyA ANi bhAratIya vidyecyA abhyAsakAMnI jainadharmAtIla strIce sthAna pAhatAnA jAstIta jAsta bhara nehamIca mokSAcyA saMdarbhAtIla carcevara dilelA disato. zvetAMbara paraMparA striyAMnA strI janmAtUna mokSAce adhikAramAnate. 24 tIrthaMkarAMmadhye, 'ekoNisAvyA mallI tIrthaMkara strI Aheta', yAvarUna zvetAMbarAMcI vaicArika udAratA disate. yAulaTa digaMbara saMpradAya, 'strI janmAtUna strIlA mokSAlA jAtA yeta nAhI', ase mAnato. mokSAsAThI saMpUrNa aparigRhAcI haNaje nagnatecI aTa Avazyaka mAnato. yAvarUna striyAMcyA bAbatIta digaMbara saMpradAya sanAtanI, anudAra mhaNajeca striyAMnA duyyama sthAnAvara ThevaNArA Ahe. ' hI jhAlI mAMDaNIcI rUDha paddhata ! "" - jainadharmAtIla strIce sthAna evaDhyA ekAca nikaSAvara vyakta karaNe, hA prAkRtamadhye kathAlekhana karaNAr2yA jaina AcAryAMvara (kathAlekhakAMvara) atizaya anyAya karaNAre Ahe. kevaLa ekA tAttvika mudyAcyA AdhAre strIce gauNatvamukhyatva TharaviNyAaivajI yA zodhanibaMdhAta ApaNa i. sa. cyA cauthyA zatakApAsUna i. sa. cyA bArAvyA zatakAparyaMtacA kAlAvadhI dhyAnAta gheNAra Ahota. yA kALAtIla kathAtmaka sAhitya AraMbhI 'ardhamAgadhI' bhASeta ANi naMtara 'jaina mahArASTrI' yA nAvAMcyA dona prAkRta bhASeta lihilele disate. yA sAhityAtIla sumAre donaze kathA ekUNa sahAkhaMDAMmadhye marAThIta anuvAdita kelelyA Aheta. zodhanibaMdhAtIla nirIkSaNe tyAvara AdhArita Aheta. strI lekhikA nasaNe, hI duyyamatA Ahe kA ? eka vastusthitI ApalyAlA mAnya kelI pAhije kI, yA pradIrgha kAlAvadhIta racalelyA kathAgraMthAMce kiMvA suTyA kathAMce lekhaka he kevaLa puruSaca Aheta. te mukhyataH zvetAMbara sAdhUca Aheta. tyAMnA 'AcArya' kiMvA 'sUri' yAnAvAMnI saMbodhalele Ahe. yAvarUna prathamadarzanI asA graha hoIla kI, kevaLa hI eka goSTa suddhA jaina paraMparetIla strIce duyamatva spaSTa karAvayAsa purezI Ahe. paraMtu vastusthitIce nITa Akalana hoNyAsAThI strI-lekhikA nasaNyAcI kAraNe saMmata pAhU. * kAhI vedasUkte va kAhI upaniSadAtIla turaLaka ullekha vagaLatA, strI-lekhikA nasaNe he ekaMdara bhAratIya

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prAcIna-madhyayugIna sAhityAce vaiziSTya Ahe : phakta jainAMce navhe. ___ * yAce mukhya kAraNa aupacArika zikSaNAcA abhAva hAca Ahe. phakta lihiNyA-vAcaNyApurate jJAna kAhI striyAMnA gharacyA gharIca deta asAveta. ____ * prAraMbhApAsUnaca jainAMcyA caturvidhasaMghAta, sAdhUMpekSA sAdhvIMcI ANi zrAvakAMpekSA zrAvikAMcI saMkhyA, nehamIca lakSaNIyapaNe adhika Ahe. parityaktA ANi vidhavA yA striyAMnA jainadharmAne, ApalI dvAre khulI ThevalyAne, hI vastusthitI samarthanIya mAnAvI lAgate. kityeka veLA sAdhvI-dIkSenaMtara dhArmika zikSaNAcA AraMbha jhAlelA disato. thI mukhyataH maukhikaca asAvA. zivAya kumAra avasthemadhye dharmAcyA oDhIne dIkSA gheNyAce pramANa svAbhAvikapaNe, puruSAMmadhye striyAMpekSA jAsta asAve. pariNAmI zaikSaNika guNavattecyA dRSTIne sAdhusaMgha prabaLa hotA, aseca mAnAkAgate. * zrAvaka-zrAvikAMbAbata mhaNAvayAce tara zrAvakavarga mukhyata: vaizyavarga hotA. vyAvasAyika zikSaNApekSA itara vegaLe lekhana-vAcana athavA uccazikSaNa zrAvakavargAlA nasAve. caudAvyA zatakAtalyA Thakkura pheru' yA zrAvakAcA apavAda soDatA jaina zrAvakavarga svataMtrapaNe lekhana karaNArA navhatA. tyAmuLe arthAtaca zrAvikAvargahI tyA kALAta lekhanAta agresara navhatA. ___* namUda karaNyAyogya mukhya kAraNa Ahe jaina mahArASTrI' hI sAhityabhASA ! 5 te 12 yA zatakAMmadhye je zvetAMbara AcArya kAryapravaNa jhAle te mukhyata: rAjasthAna, gujarAtha, madhya pradeza, uttara pradeza - yA bhAgAtIla hote. tyAMcA mahArASTrAzI ANi mahArASTrI bhASezI dIrghakALa saMparka hotA. yA kALAdaramyAna mahArASTrI bhASA sAhityabhASa' mhaNUna mAnya va rUDha jhAlelI hotI. jaina AcAryAMnI ardhamAgadhIne kAhIzI prabhAvita asalelI jaina mahArASTrI prayatnapUrvakanarmANa kelI. lekhanabhASA mhaNUna svIkAralI. arthAtaca mahArASTrAbAheracyA sAdhvI va zrAvikA tyAta tarabeja navhatyA. pariNAma kathAlekhana prAmukhyAne sAdhuvargAne kele. * ardhamAgadhI ANi jaina mahArASTrItIla yA vistRta kathAMmadhUna striyAMcI sarva rUpe sAkAra jhAlI Aheta. tyAtIla sUkSmatA ANi talasparzitecA muddA ApaNa gheNAraca Ahota. hI sarva kathAbIje, prasaMga ANi strI-puruSa nAtyAtale sarva bArakAve jaina lekhakAMnI koThUna ANale ? sAdhu-sAdhvIMnA bhikSA deNAr2yA, prazna vicAraNAr2yA, saMvAda sAdhaNAr2yA aNi vizeSa prasaMgI tyAMcyAkaDUna samupadezanAcyA mArphata mAnasika AdhAra prApta karaNAr2yA zrAvikAMkaDUna ! sArAMza kaya tara vihArakALAta ANi vasatikALAta gRhastha-gRhiNIMzI kelele vArtAlApa, sUkSma nirIkSaNAMce raMga bharUna, viziSTa sAnimASeta jaina sAdhuvargAne janasAmAnyAMsamora kathArUpAne prakaTa kele ANi graMthabaddhahI kele. sababa, jaina prAkRta kathA puruSalekhakAMnI lihilelyA Aheta yA kAraNAstava striyAMce duyyamatva mAnya karaNyApUrvI, ApaNa tyAta pratibiMbita jhAlelyA samAjAcyA, vizeSata: striyAMcyA, sarvatalasparzI citraNAvara eka ojharatI najara TAkU. samAjAce sarvatalasparzI citraNa : yA zodhanibaMdhAta AdhArabhUta mhaNUna ardhamAgadhI ANi jaina mahArASTrI yA prAkRta bhASAMmadhIla sumAre donazehUna adhika kathA nivaDalyA Aheta. yA sarva kathA zvetAMbara sAdhuvargAtIla AcAryAMnI lihilyA Aheta. tyAtIla sumAre 2 Takke kathA pAraMpArika Aheta. kathAMcyA dhATaNIvarUna ase disate kI tyA nusatyA pustakI nasUna pravacanAta sAMgitalyA jAta asAvyAta, AjahI sAMgitalyA jAtAta. (arthAt tyAtIla vecaka). kathAMmadhIla pAtre jaina ANi ajaina Aheta. saMkhyA mojalI tara ajaina pAtreca bahudhA duppaTa asatIla. dharmAcyA dRSTIne hI pAtre jaina, hiMdU (tyAtahI bhAgavata i. pradAya) ANi bauddha tInahI dharmAMcI Aheta. varNavyavasthenusAra brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya, zUdra (kArU zUdra) ANi atizUdra azA sarva varNAMcI Aheta. 'manuSyajAti: ekaiva' (AdipurANa 38.45) asA jaina tattvajJAnAcA dRSTikoNa Ahe. 'samatA sarvabhUteSa sarvAcaraNAnAM paramAcaraNam' asA naitika upadeza jaina AcArya somadevasUri 'nItivAkyAmRta' graMthAtUna detAta. (1.4pR.9) kathAMmadhIla pAtrAMcI nivaDa karatAnA jaina lekhaka yA nikaSAMce pAlana karatAta. jaina zrAvakavargAmadhye vaizyavarNAce prAbalya asalyAne sumAre eka-tRtIyAMza kathAMmadhye mukhya pAtre zreSThI, vaNik, sArthavAha - azI asatAta. paraMtu duyama

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pAtre sarva dharma-varNAMcI disUna yetAta. Arthika dRSTIne ati-samRddha-saMpanna starApAsUna dAsa-dAsIMparyaMta sarvAMce citraNa to. strI-pAtra-virahita kathA javaLajavaLa nagaNya Aheta. sumAre eka-tRtIyAMza kathAMcI zIrSake striyAMcyA nAvAMvarUna dilelI Aheta. kathAMcyA oghAta lekhakAMnI pAtrAMcyA toMDUna koThehI avAstava ekAMgI strI-niMdA athavA atirikta stutI kelelI disata nAhI. puruSAMcyA aMgI jase sadguNa-durguNa asatAta tyAca pramANAta te striyAMcyAhI aMgI asatAta - hyA gRhItakAvara yA kathA ubhAralelyA Aheta. kathAMcI sarvatalasparzitA ANi vaividhya, sahA khaMDAta marAThIta anuvAdita kelelyA pustakAMcyA AdhAre yethe dile Ahe. tyAtIla pahilA kramAMka khaMDAcA asUna, dusarA pRSTha kramAMka Ahe. 1.19 yA katheta gairavyavahArAne amApa saMpattI miLavaNArA nAgadatta ANi tyAcI patnI zIlavatI Ahe. 1.25 madhye phakta gharAta zUrapaNA karaNAr2yA sonArAlA dhaDA zikavaNArI patnI yazomatI Ahe. 1.33 madhye virakta patIlA akAraNa saMsArAta guMtavalyAbaddala haLahaLaNArI va naMtara cUka durusta karaNArI patnI Ahe. 1.41 madhIla vidyAdharAcA karmasiddhAMtAvara vizvAsa Ahe tara vidyAdharI dayALU, bhAvanAzIla Ahe. 1.48 madhye dhAriNI devIce akAla-meghAce DohALe puraviNArA sAvatra putra 'abhayakumAra' Ahe. 1.57 madhye devazarmA brAhmaNAcI patnI tyAsa cauryakalecA vApara karUna paisA miLaviNyAsa sAMgate Ahe. 1.66 madhye mAherI dhArmikatA ANi sAsarI dharmAviSayI anAsthA asalelyA zIlavatIcI cAturyakathA Ahe. 1.71 taseca 2.56 madhye kaSTa karUna jhopaDIta rahANAr2yA ekaTyA vRddhA Aheta. pahilI calAkha Ahe tara dusarI svArthI. 1.96 madhye dhUrta nartikecyA garvaharaNAcI kathA yete. 1.100 madhye 'kharamukhI' nAvAlA zobhela azI phATakyA toMDAcI brAhmaNI Ahe. 1.104 madhye vijaya kSatriyAcyA sumatI kanyecyA samasyApUrNa vivAhAcI kathA yete. 1.108 yA mizkila katheta rANIcI bAlamaitrINa asalelyA kuMbhAraNIcyA gADhavAce pillU maraNyAcA vRttAMta Ahe. 1.116 madhye tIna jAvayAMce bhinna svabhAva oLakhUna tIna mulIMnA vAgaNyAcyA tIna tar2hAcA upadeza deNArI catura brAhmaNI Ahe. 1. 144 madhye dhUrta attaravikyAcI sAdhIbhoLI patnI Ahe. 2.5 madhye jaina dharmAta kuzala asalelI brAhmaNapatnI Ahe. 2.25 madhye vRddha, niputrika, garIba brAhmaNAcI kuTila, kaMjUSa patnI Ahe. 2.49 madhye gAvAtalyA bhAMDaNataMTyAMnA kaMTALUna gAva badalAyalA tayAra jhAlelI gRhiNI Ahe. 2.66 madhye viNakarAcI mulagI kAliMdI ANi rAjakanyA madanamaMjirIcI bodhaka kathA Ahe. 2.75 madhye ekA dhanikAcyA AvaDatyA - nAvaDatyA dona patnIMcI khusakhuzIta kathA Ahe. 2.121 madhye donaca jAgA asalelyA yAMtrika vimAnAta tighAMnI basaNyAcA haTavAdIpaNA karaNArI - pariNAma bhogaNArI rANI Ahe. 2.137 madhye rAjakanyA aNullikecyA apaharaNAcA vRttAMta Ahe. 2.146 madhye jaina karmasiddhAMtAvara vizvAsa asaNArI, pityAlA khaDe bola sunAvaNArI madanAsuMdarI Ahe. 3.16 madhIla zetakar2yAcI haTTI, garviSTha kanyA svata:ca svata:sAThI varasaMzodhana karAyalA bAhera paDalI Ahe. 3.19 madhye pArasika azvAdhipatIcI dekhaNI, buddhimAna kanyA Ahe. 3.26 madhye vyApAr2yAkaDUna phasavaNUka jhAlelI sAdhIbhoLI gavaLaNa Ahe. 3.39 madhye ripumardana rAjAcI haTTI, rAgITa kanyA 'bhAvanA' Ahe.

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3.41 madhye zrIdatta zreSThIMcI ekulatI eka kanyA zrImatI' Ahe. 3.54 madhye vidhavA AIcA mUrkha, sAMgakAmyA mulagA Ahe. 3.75 madhye aMtarjJAnI 'jinamatI'cA cAMDAla ziSya Ahe. 3.92 madhye zetAtIla khaLyAta basUna roLIne moharI roLaNArI AjIbAI Ahe. 3.99 madhye kustIta patAkA jiMkalyAne khUSa jhAlelI aTTaNamallAcI patnI Ahe. 3.102 madhye patIcyA pazcAt ekatra kuTuMbAcA gADA samarthapaNe cAlavaNArI bhadrA seThANI Ahe. 3.146 madhye ekulatyA ekA mulAlA sArathyakarma zikaNyAsAThI dUradezI pAThaviNArI vidhavA mAtA Ahe. 3.148 madhye daroDekhora bhAvAlA sahAyya karaNyAsAThI smazAnAta rAhaNArI bahINa Ahe. 5.36 madhyehI azIca bhAvAbahiNIMcI joDI Ahe. 4.4 madhye zrAvastI nagarItIla zaMkha-utpallA he joDape Ahe. 4.46 madhye Arthika vyavahArAta kuzala rohiNI Ahe. 4.52 madhye strI-tIrthaMkara mallI hice AkhyAna Ahe. 4.64 madhye tetalIputra amAtyAcyA suvarNakArAcyA kanyecyA vivAhAcI hakigata Ahe. 4.66 madhye ApalyAca putrAMce hAtapAya toDaNAr2yA duSTa rAjAcI buddhimAna rANI padmAvatI Ahe. 4.71 madhye nAgazrI brAhmaNI, zreSThIkanyA sukumArikA ANi kSatriyakanyA draupadI - yAMcI pUrvajanma-punarjanmAvara AdhArita dIrgha kathA Ahe. 4.101 madhye saddAlaputra-agnimitrA he kuMbhAra pati-patnI Aheta. 4.103 madhye zrImaMta, suMdara, dhanalobhI, matsarI ANi prabaLa kAmabhAvanA asalelI revatI Ahe. 4.113 madhye arjuna nAvAcyA mALI ANi baMdhumatI mALINa yAMcI eka viSaNNa karaNArI kathA yete. 4.123 madhye vikalAMga (jaNU mAMsAcA goLAca) asaNAr2yA putrAlA taLagharAta lapavUna tyAcI dekhabhAla karaNArI rANI Ahe. 4.144-45 madhye rAjImatI rAjakanyecI dona anokhI rUpe Aheta. 5.1 madhye garbhapAtAlA nakAra deNArI gaNikA kuberasenA Ahe. 5.13 madhIla paTTANI satyavatIlA hastidaMtI mahAlAce DohALe lAgale Aheta. 5.26 madhye navar2yAcyA mitrAvara ASaka jhAlelI paTTarANI 'culanI' Ahe. 5.40 madhye dona viruddha svabhAvAcyA savatI Aheta. 5.45 madhye navar2yAce na aikatA dAginyAMnI maDhUna basaNArI ALazI gRhiNI Ahe. 5.66 madhye dAsI-mahotsavAta jAyalA utsuka dAsI Ahe. 5.70 ; 5.86 madhye dona rAjAMmadhye taha ghaDavUna ANaNAr2yA dona sAdhvI Aheta. 5.94 madhye citrakAra pityAlA nyAya miLavUna deNArI, svata: citrakaleta pravINa asalelI kanyA kanakamaMjirI Ahe. 5.100 madhye AkAzagamanAcI vidyA asalelI rAjakanyA Ahe. 5.158 madhye mahAvIrAMcyA 36000 sAdhvIMcI pramukha pravartinI caMdanA hicA vRttAMta Ahe. 5.167 madhye gharAtalyA sarvAMnA AtmahatyA karAyalA lAvaNArI zreSThIpatnI Ahe. 6.2 madhye daridrI, bhaNaMga paraMtu kalAnipuNa mUladevAvara sarvasva ovALUna TAkaNArI gaNikA devadattA Ahe. 6.34 madhye zrAvikA asalyAce DhoMga karUna abhayakumArAlA pakaDUna deNArI gaNikA Ahe. 6.47 madhye puruSAMnA aneka kapaTakArasthAne karUna vaza karaNArI vezyA kAmalatA Ahe. 6.69 madhye rojacyA jevaNAtale paLI-paLI tela vAcavUna maMdirAta utsavAcyA divazI dIpamALa lAvaNArI dAsI

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Ahe. 6.88 madhye 'dha' cA 'mA' karaNAr2yA AnaMdIbAIsArakhI sAvatra mulAcA kATA kADhaNArI, samrATa azokAcI rANI Ahe. 6.95 madhye mALIkanyA puSpA, zreSThIkanyA subhadrA ANi rAjakanyA somazrI, ekAca patIcyA patnI banaNyAcI manISA bALagUna Aheta. 6.97 madhye pazupakSyAcI bhASA jANaNArI zreSThIsnuSA Ahe. 6.106 madhye strIlaMpaTa rAjA pradyotalA vaThaNIvara ANaNArI mRgAvatI Ahe. 6.118 madhye apratima lAvaNyAmuLe AyuSyabhara puruSAMcyA lAlasI najarAMzI sAmanA karaNArI 'tArA' Ahe. 6.125 madhye kAmavAsanene laMpaTa jhAlelyA pAca sattAdhArI puruSAMnA vaThaNIvara ANaNAr2yA sAsU-sunA Aheta. 6.126-135 madhye rukmiNI-satyabhAmecyA AMbaTagoDa kathA Aheta. 6.158 madhye DoMbAr2yAcI kuzala kanyA ANi tice dhUrta vaDIla Aheta. 6.172 madhye gurUMjavaLa para-puruSa-tyAgAce vrata gheNArI zrAvikA Ahe. 6.175 madhye satata ekamekIMvara kuraghoDI karaNAr2yA sAsU-sunA Aheta. 6.189 madhye apabhraMza bhASeta zIghrakAvya karaNAr2yA sAsU-sunA Aheta. 6.205 madhye vAdavivAdAta satata jiMkaNArI bhillakanyA Ahe. 6.213 madhye dhUrtatA va duSTatecA kaLasa asaNArI 'nAginI' Ahe. 6.228 madhye lobhI sAsar2yAlA dhaDA dhikavaNAr2yA sunA Aheta. 6.229 madhye sthUlibhadra' yA prakhyAta jaina AcAryAMcyA AyuSyAta mahattvAcI bhUmikA bajAvaNArI kozA vezyA Ahe. 6.238 madhye cANakyAcyA itihAsAzI nigaDIta azA amAtya zakaTAlAcyA sAta kanyA vilakSaNa smaraNazaktIcyA Aheta. evaDhyA lAMbalacaka ADhAvyAvarUna jaina lekhakAMcyA kathAvizvAcI samagratA, bhAvabhAvanAMcI sUkSmatA ANi khAsa karUna strI-puruSa citraNAtIla tyAMcI taTastha nyAyavRttI cAMgalIca manAvara biMbate. puruSalekhaka asUnahI strImanAta ziraNyAcI avaghaDa kalA tyAMnA cAMgalIca avagata Ahe ase disate. strIcyA sarva bhUmikA ANi nAtesaMbaMdhAtIla sarva guMtAguMtIcyA bhAvachaTA tyAMnI sAkAralyA Aheta. kanyA, bahINa, patnI, AI, sUna, jAU, savata, mAvazI yA ANi azA aneka nAtyAMcyA rUpAta yA strIvizvAtIla striyA vAvarata Aheta. ApalyA rojacyA jIvana vyavahArAtalyA ane ghaTanA, yA kathAMta ghaDatAnA disatAta. sarvAta mahattvAce mhaNaje strIce 'duyyamatva' ANi puruSAce zreSThatva' asA caSmA lAvUna baghaNyAce tyAMnI pUrNa TALale Ahe. pati-patnIcyA nAtyAne AyuSyabhara bAMdhale gelyAvara tyAMcyAtIla pradhAna-gauNa bhAva vizeSaca jANavU lAgato. yAsAThI yA saMbaMdhAvara adhika prakAza TAkU. vivAhAce vaya ANi pati-patnI saMbaMdha : isavI sanAce cauthe-pAcave te bArAve zataka yA avadhItIla yA kathAMmadhye bAlavivAhAcA apavAdAtmaka ekahI ullekha nAhI. dona mitrAMnI ekamekAMcyA patra-kanyAMmadhye vivAha karAvayAcA he Tharavilele disale tarI te vivAhyathAyogya kALI jhAle Aheta. rAjakanyAMcI svayaMvare varAcI nivaDa karaNe, tyAsAThI 'paNa lAvaNe' - yAcI paripakvatA AlyAvara svayaMvare jhAlelI disatAta. zreSThI ANi itara madhyama kuTuMbAta suddhA 'mulagI tAruNyAta AlI, AtA vaya-rUpa-kulaayana-varSa ityAdi lakSAta gheUna vara zodhalA pAhije' - asA vicAra vaDilAMcyA manAta AlyAce raMgavilele disate. mulIcA haTTIpaNA lakSAta gheUna zetakarI suddhA mulIlA varAcyA nivaDIce svAtaMtrya deto. 'tAruNyAta padArpaNa' yAcA

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bhAvArtha lakSAta ghetA RtuprAptIpUrvI striyAMce vivAha hota asata' - asA niSkarSa nighata nAhI. ekaMdarIta vivAhAcya veLI sAmAnyata: mulIce vaya 15-16 ANi mulAce vaya 20-21 asAve. kathAMcyA oghAta pati-patnIMce aneka saMvAda va prasaMga yetAta. bahutAMzI tyAMce saMbaMdha maitrIpUrNa, kheLImeLIce disatAta. anekadA ekamekAMcyA uNIvAMcI jANIva karUna dilelI disate. ticA sallA vicAralA jAto ANi mukhya mhaNaje to aikalA jAto. patnIcA sallA barecadA atizaya vyavahArya asato. apatya hota nasela tara doghe miLUna navasa karatAta. 'mulagA athavA mulagI hoU de' - ase mhaNatAta. navasa pheDAyalAhI doghe jAtAta. paise miLaviNyAsAThI pIlA udyukta karaNAr2yA striyA disatAta. AjArI patI saMzayAvarUna patnIlA bAhera kADhAvayAsa nighato tevhA gharAtIla kAmavAlI bAI, mAlakAzI dhiTAIne bolUna nirAkaraNa karate. bahupatnItva samAjAta rUDha asalyAne striyAMnI bahudha juLavUna ghetalele disate. savatImatsara ANi tyAtUna ghaDaNAr2yA bhayAnaka ghaTanA atizaya alpa Aheta. dona patnIMnA vegaLe ThevaNyAcIhI udAharaNe Aheta. sArAMza, samAjAta je jase jitake Ahe, titake raMgavile Ahe. patIcA varacaSmA, patnIlA khaccI karaNe, ticA duyyamapaNA - ase prArUpa lekhakAMnI samora Thevalele nAhI. tilA anukaMpanIya, garIba bicArI kiMvA durlakSaNIya mAnale nAhI. ticI atirekI stutI nAhI. cAMgale kAma kelyAsa zAbAsakI Ahe. prAcIna jaina AgamagraMthAta kAhI bhAga stra niMdAtmaka Aheta (jase - sUtrakRtAMga - strIparijJA ; taMdulavaicArika prakIrNaka), te yA lekhakAMsamora Aheta tarI kathAMmadhye tyAMnI sarasakaTa niMdAtmakatA svIkAralelI nAhI. 'vasudevahiMDI' graMthAtIla ekA vizeSa paricchedAkaDe lakSa vedhate - jyAvarUna sarvaca kathAlekhakAMcyA strIcitraNAvara prakAza paDela. agaDadatta nAvAce munI tyAMcyA AyuSyAta AlelyA suMdara paraMtu AtalyA gAThIcyA, duSTa ANi kamacArI zyAmadattece varNana karUna strIniMdA karU lAgatAta. agaDadattAce gurU tyAlA sAMgatAta - 'ekA udAharaNAvarUna sarasakaTa vidhAne karU nakosa. sarva striyA hyA zyAmadattesArakhyA nasatAta.' ase mhaNUna te patiniSTha, catura, prasaMgAvadhAnI va dhvasI dhanazrIcI kathA sAMgatAta. jaina prAkRta kathAMmadhIla strIvicAra 13 mudyAMmadhye vibhAgUna yAnaMtara nemakepaNAne prastuta kelA Ahe. (1) jaina paraMpareta 'satI' zabdAcA vizeSa artha, pAtivratya-saMkalpanA : patIcyA premAkhAtara, atIva patiniSThemuLe, tyAcyA citevara sahagamana karaNArI 'satI' jaina kathAMmadhye disata nAhI. ahiMselA sarvAdhika prAdhAnya deNAr2yA yA dharmAne havA, pANI, pazu-pakSI ANi akherIsa mAnava yAMcyAviSayI kamAlIcI saMvedanazIlatA vyakta kelI Ahe. sarvajIvasamAnatAvAdAvara bhara deNAr2yA jaina dharmAtIla tattvajJAnAcI caukaTa satIcyA rUDhIlA koThehI sthAna deta nAhI. 'satI' hA zabda 'sAdhvI'vAcaka asUna azA soLA satIMcI mhaNajeca atyucca AdhyAtmika pragatI sAdhalelyA striyAMcI nAve namUda karaNyAta AlI Aheta. sAhajikaca vratAMcyA saMdarbhAta patIce dIrghAyuSya', 'janmojanmI hAca patI' - azA hetupUrtIsAThI kelelyA vratAMnAhI sthAna nAhI. akarAvyA zatakAta lihilelyA 'kumArapAlapratibodha' graMthAta satIcyA hiMdU paraMparevarIla prakriyA spaSTa noMdavilelI disate. ekA zreSThIMcI vidhavA patnI ticyA snuSAMnA citevara sahagamana karaNyApAsUna parAvRtta kase. eka AcArya tyAMnA maulyavAn mAnavI AyuSyAcA upadeza detAta. (6.34). 'hicA patI koNa ?' yA zIrSakAcyA mArmika katheta tara preyasIcyA premAkhAtara ticyA citevara caDhaNAr2yA priyakarAcI 'patI' mhaNUna nivaDa kelI Ahe. (1.107). arthAt kathecyA oghAta tyAlA amRtasiMcanAne jivaMta kele Ahe khare, paraMtu satIcyA prathevarIla hI puruSalakSyI pratiki vegaLI va bolakI Ahe. (2) garbhapAta ANi bhrUNahatyA : 'vipAkasUtra' nAvAcyA ardhamAgadhI graMthAtIla ekA kathenusAra, mRgAvatI rANIlA garbhavatI avastheta tIvra vedanA hoU lAgatAta. tI garbhapAtAcA vicAra ANi prayatna karate. rAjA tilA yA amAnuSa vicArApAsUna parAvRtta karato. rdaivAne

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tI sarva prakAre vikalAMga asalelA bhrUNAsa janma dete. to bhrUNa zvAsocchvAsa mAtra gheta asato. tyAlA ukiraDyanara phekUna deNyAcyA vicArAta asalelyA rANIlA, to rAjA, parAvRtta karato. tyAcyA dekhabhAlIcI AjJA deto. (4.55). yAulaTa, vezyAMnA kAya karAvayAcI mulebALe ?' asA prazna vicArUna, vezyAmAtA 'kuberadattA' vezyelA garbhapAtAcA sallA dete. kuberadattA tyAMnA janma deNyAcA dRDha nirdhAra karate. tyAnusAra putra-kanyA azA juLyAMnA janma dete.AIcyA dabAvAlA baLI paDate kharI paraMtu yogya vyavasthA lAvUnaca tyAMcA tyAga karate. (5.5). IsavI sanAcyA cauthyA-pAcavyA zatakAtalyA vasudevahiMDI' graMthAtale ase saMdarbha strIcyA mAtRtvAcyA hakkAviSayIcI jAgRtatA dAkhavatAta. _ vipAkasUtrAtIla yAAdhIcyA katheta garbhapAta-bhrUNahatyAviSayaka puruSI vicArAMcI pragalbhatA adhorekhita kelI Ahe. bhrUNahatyeviSayIcI saMvedanazIlatA strI ANi puruSa doghAMnAhI svabhAva ANi paristhitInusAra asate agara nasate - aseca yA kathAMmadhUna sUcita hote. (3) vidhavA, parityaktA ANi punarvivAha : - jaina paraMparetIla prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva yAMcI aneka caritre lihilI gelI Aheta. tyAMcyA kALAta mhaNaje paraMparenusAra lAkho varSAMpUrvI yugaliyAMcA kALa hotA. tyA kALAta eka mulagA va eka mulagI azI juLIca janmAlayeta. moThe jhAlyAvara teca ekamekAMce pati-patnI hota asata. RSabhanAthAMnI pahilA vivAha yAca prakAre kelA. paraMtu tyaMcyA kALAta, ekA dusar2yA joDapyAtalA patI apaghAtAne maraNa pAvalA. mhaNaje AjacyA arthAne tI vidhavA jhAlI. RSabhanAthAMnI ticyAzI vidhivat vivAha kelA. mhaNaje AjacyA dRSTIne to vidhavAvivAha kiMvA punarvivAha hoya. maThAta vidhipUrvaka vivAhAcI paraMparA ANi tyAhIpuDhe jAUna vidhavAvivAhAcI prathA tyAMnIca cAlU kelI. prAkRta kathAMmadhUna sAmAnyata: ase disate kI vidhavA ANi parityaktA yA zrAvikA kiMvA sAdhvI banUna dhArmika jIvana vyatIta karIta asata. tathApi kAhI vecaka kathAMmadhye vegaLe vicAra prastuta kelele disatAta. svata:cyA manAviruddha paraspara vivAha kelelyA ApalyA mulIcyA navar2yAce mhaNaje jAvayAce prANa gheNyAce vicAra eka pitAjI karatAta. AjacyA paribhASeta he 'oNnara kiliMga'ce vicAra Aheta. pratyakSAta te tase karIta nAhIta paNa varIla prasaMgI udgAratAta kI, 'mAjhI mulagI vidhavA jhAlI tarI cAlela, mI ticA punarvivAha karUna deIna.' (6.22). bArAvyA zatakAta lihilelyA yA kathetIla vicAra kharokharaca punarvicAraNIya Aheta. tetalI amAtya ANi tyAcI patnI poTTilA, he eka vegaLeca joDape Ahe. kAhI kAraNAne tyAMcyAta tIvra matabheda hotAta. saMbaMdhaviccheda hoUnahI tetalI amAtya ticI gharAtaca paraMtu vegaLI vyavasthA lAvUna deto. ekA arthAne tI parityaktece jIvana jagata asUnahI samasyecyA prasaMgI doghehI ekamekAMcA sallA ghetAta. (5.66-67). "paraspara samajutIne ghaTasphoTa ghetale tarI AmhI ajUnahI ekamekAMce cAMgale mitra Ahota'' - yA atyAdhunika vicArasaraNAne he madhyayugIna paDasAda Aheta, ase mhaNAvayAsa kAhI harakata disata nAhI. sukumArikA nAvAcyA kanyece vaDIla, ticyA pahilyA ayazasvI vivAhAnaMtara ticA punarvivAha karaNyAsa tayAra hotAta. (4.77). varIla tInahI prasaMga pratyakSAta ghaDalele asota athavA nasota, jaina kathAlekhakAMcyA udAra dRSTIce dyotaka mAtra te khacitaca Aheta. (4) striyAMcyA jIvanAtIla rAjakIya saMdarbha : jaina kathAlekhakAMcyA prAkRta kathAMmadhye, AjUbAjUcyA rAjakIya paristhitIcyA saMdarbhAta striyAMcA kevaLa pratikAtmaka navhe tara sakArAtmaka sahabhAga dRSTotpattIsa yeto. kathA koNatyAhI viSayAvarIla aso, pradeza-nagara-rAjarANI-maMtrimaMDaLa-darabArAtalyA vividha zreNI yAMcA tapazIla hamakhAsa disato. kathAnakAcyA saMdarbhAta kAhI veLA to anAvazyaka vATalA tarI kathAlekhakAMcyA rAjakIya jANivAMcI kalpanA tyAvarUna yete.

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ekA ardhamAgadhI katheta, padmAvatI yA kartRtvasaMpanna, khaMbIra rANIne atyaMta mahattvapUrNa nirNaya svataMtrapaNe gheUna, kuzala amAtyAcyA madatIne rAjaputrAce yogya saMgopana-zikSaNa kase kele, tyAcI vistRta hakigata samajate. ApalyAca putrAMnA bhAvI pratispardhI samajUna tyAMcyAta vyaMga nirmANa karaNAr2yA nighRNa rAjAviruddha padmAvatIne kelele he yazasvI baDa striyAMcyA acUka nirIkSaNazaktIvara prakAza TAkate. (4.64-66). praznavyAkaraNa' nAvAcyA graMthAta 'maithUnamUlaka' yuddhAMcI yAdI dahA striyAMcyA nAvAnizI dilI Ahe. sItA, draupadI ityAdi paricita ANi kAhI aparicita nAvehI tyAta Aheta. dona rAjAMmadhIla yuddhe tyA striyAMcyA nimittAne jhAlI asalI tarI TIkAkArAne striyAMnA lakSya karUna anudAra vicAra prakaTa kelele nAhIta. ulaTa puruSAMmadhIla atyadhika maithunAsaktIca adhorekhita kelI Ahe. (praznavyAkaraNa pR.165). jaina mahArASTrI prAkRtAtalyA ekA katheta, rAjahaMsa nAvAcA rAjA ApalyA patnIlA, 'devinI'lA rAjakIya sallA vicArato. rANI mhaNate, 'mahAsena rAjAlA tumhI parAbhUta kele asale tarI to parAkramI ANi susvabhAvI Ahe. tyalA baMdivAna na karatA AdarapUrvaka niropa dyA.' rANIcI rAjaziSTAcArAtIla paripakvatA yAtUna disate. vizeSa mhaNaje yA sallyAcA Adara karUna rAjA tyAcI yathAyogya aMmalabajAvaNI karato. (6.31). uttarAdhyayanasUtrAvarIla 'sukhabodhA' yA prAkRta TIketa dona vegavegaLyA prasaMgI, dona sAdhvI, yuddhakhora rAjAMmadhye sAmopacArAce vAtAvaraNa tayAra karUna, kazA prakAre yuddhabaMdIcA taha ghaDavUna ANatAta - yAce pratyayakArI varNana yete. tyA dona kathAMpaikI eka kathA caMpAnagarIcA rAjA dadhivAhana ANi kaliMgacA rAjA karakaMDU - yAMcyA saMdarbhAtIlaAhe. yA yuddhAlA aitihAsika saMdarbha dekhIla Ahe, ase jANakArAMce mata Ahe. (5.70-91). kumArapAlapratibodhAtIla kathAbhAgAnusAra rANI garbhavatI asatAnA rAjA maraNa pAvato. rANI kanyAratnAlA janma dete, viSaNNa hote. maMtrI samajUta ghAlatAta. 'putra jhAlA'-ase ghoSita karatAta. vivAhAparyaMta tI kanyA puruSaveza dhAraNa karUna maMtryAMcyA madatIne rAjyakArabhAra karate. (6.191). jaina prAkRta kathAMmadhIla gaNikAMce citraNa, kauTilIya arthazAstrAta varNita gaNikecyA kAryakalApAcyA saMdarbhAta khUpa miLatejuLate Ahe. vividha kathAMmadhye yA gaNikA rAjadarabArAta padavibhUSita Aheta. tyA rUpavatI, kalAnipuNa, buddhimAna, aTharA dezIbhASAMmadhye nipuNa ANi rAjakIya ghaDAmoDIMmadhye sakriya disatAta. heragirI tara tyA karatAtacaparaMtu itarahI pratyakSa rAjakIya kAryAMmadhe mahattvAcA vATA ucalatAta. (6.33 ; 6.146). gaNikA ANi vezyA vegavegaLyA Aheta. tyAMcA vicAra vegaLyA saMdarbhAta ANi adhika samAjagAmI Ahe. to naMtara karU. rAjadarabArAtIla mahattvapUrNa padAMpaikI eka pada ase nagarazreSThIce. nagarazreSThI he prAya: jaina zrAvaka asalyAne jaina kathAlekhakAMnI tyAMcI vizeSa dakhala ghetalelI disate. zreSThIpatnI zrIdevI' rAjAcI gUDha samasyA soDavU zakela asa vizvAsa zreSThI detAta. zrIdevI rAjAlA gharI yeNyAcI aTa ghAlate. rAjA tI mAnato. zrIdevI rAjAlA samasyecI ukala sAMgate. striyAMcyA sallyAce, buddhimattece mahattva sAMgaNArI hI kathA akarAvyA zatakAtIla Ahe. (6.78). 'caMdrakAMta hI dusarI zreSThIkanyA, rAjAcyA gUDhasamasyece uttara mhaNUna samAjAtalyA cAra lokAMnA svata: rathAta basavUna, sArathyakarIta rAjadarabArI jAte. darabArAta mAnasanmAna prApta karate. (2.107). ekUNa 200 prAkRta kathAMcA zodha gheUna hI 9-10 udAharaNe prastuta kelI Aheta. striyAMcI rAjakIya pragalbhatA dAkhaviNyAta jaina lekhaka yazasvI jhAle Aheta, ase mhaNaNyAsa kAhIca pratyavAya disata nAhI. (5) striyAMnA avagata asalelyA kalA-vidyA : __vayAcI ATha varSe pUrNa jhAlyAvara, gurugRhI pAThavUna aupacArika zikSaNa ghetalyAce ullekha brAhmaNa-kSatriya-vaizya yA trivarNAtIla puruSavargAsaMbaMdhI ADhaLatAta. striyAMsabaMdhI ADhaLata nAhIta. upaniSadAta jazA gArgI-maitreyI i. nivaDaka brahmavAdinI disatAta, tyApramANe RSabhadevAMcyA kanyA brAhmI va sundarI yA anukrame lipivijJAna ANi gaNitAta pravINa asalyAce ullekha jaina carita-purANAta disUna yetAta. RSabhAMnI striyAMsAThI 64 kalA sAMgitalyA ase mhaTale jAte paMtu

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jaina kathAsAhityAcyA utkarSakALAta (i.sa. 4 the zataka te 12 ve zataka) striyAMcyA aupacArika kalA - zikSaNAcA apavAdAtmaka ullekhahI ADhaLata nAhI. striyAMnA avagata asalelyA vividha kalAMce ullekha mAtra vipula pramANAta asalyAne asA tarka karatA yeto kI uccavarNIyAMmadhye rItasara aupacArika zikSaNa gharI dile jAta asAve. madhyama ANi nimna starAta javaLacyA nAtalagAMkaDUna tyA sarAva ANi abhyAsAne AtmasAta kelyA jAta asAvyAta. nanda-zakaTAlaviSayaka katheta zakaTAlAcyA sAta mulI buddhimAna ANi tIvra smaraNazaktIcyA disatAta. tyAMnA kramAne ekapAThI, dvipAThI, tripAThI * ase saMbodhale Ahe. smaraNazaktIce he prayoga tyA pATaliputrAta naMda smAsamora bhara darabArAta karUna dAkhavitAta. (6.238). samasyApUrtI kAvyAcI spardhA Ayojita karaNAr2yA ekA rAjAcyA darabArAta cAra jaNAMce brAhmaNa kuTuMba yete. tyAtIla pitA-putra saMskRtAtUna samasyApUrtI karatAta tara sAsU va sUna yA doghatatkAlIna bolI gItabhASetUna arthAt apabhraMzAtUna atizaya sarasa kAvyaprastutI karatAta. (6.188 - 189). citrakArakanyA kanakamaMjirIne pharazIvara rekhATalele ANi raMgavilele morapIsa itake hubehUba asate kI rAjA te vAkUna ucalU lAto. (5.94). sarva gaNikAMnA ANi kAhI pramANAta vezyAMnA nRtya-nATya-gAyanAce paddhatazIra zikSaNa dile jAta asAve. vINAvAdanAta atyaMta pravINa asalelI rAjakanyA svata:cyA svayaMvarAta ticyAhUna sarasavINA vAjaviNAr2yA varAcI nivaDa karate. (6.69). siMhaguMpheta nivAsa karaNAr2yA pallInAthAcI (mhaNaje bhillapramukhAcI) kanyA catura, rUpavAna ANi vizeSata: vAdavivAdapaTU asate. (6.205). zIlamatI hI sAmAnya kuTuMbAtIla madhyamavayIna gRhiNI Ahe. pazupakSyAMcI bhASA tI jAtyAca jANata asate. tyAmuLe ticyAvara anarthaprasaMga oDhavato. ApalyA vilakSaNa bhASAjJAnAneca tI tyAtUna mArga kADhate. (6.97). toraNapura nagarAcyA vidyAdhara - rAjakanyelA AkAzagamanAcI vidyA avagata asate. (5.100). yogya veLI strI-rUpa ANi yogya veLI puruSa-rUpa jyAcyA yogAne dhAraNa karatA yete - ase rasAyana ekA saMnyAsinIkaDe asate. strI-puruSAMcyA bhinna bhinna kSamatA ANi tase asaNyAce phAyade-toTe - yAvarace he jaNU utkRSTa bhASyaca kathAlekhakAne vyakta kele Ahe. (6.110-118). kevaLa nRtya-gAyanAdi strIsulabha kalAMce varNana jaina kathAlekhaka karIta nAhIta. lipI, bhASA, gaNita, vAdavivAdakauzalya, kAvyaracanA, citrakalA ANi kAhI mojakyA prasaMgI sArathyakarma ANi azvArohaNa karaNAr2yA striyAhI yA kathAMmadhUna disatAta. zikSaNa nasalyAne puruSAMkaDUna heTALaNI kelA jANyAcA prasaMga apavAdAlAhI ADhaLata nAhI. ApalyA kalecA garva, ahaMkAra asaNAr2yA striyAMce ullekha mAtra turaLakapaNe disatAta. jainadharmIya zrAvikAMcyA (jyA bahutAMzI gRhiNI Aheta) rItasara dhArmika zikSaNAce ullekha AvarjUna kele Aheta. jaina tattvajJAnAtIla nava-tattve ANi karmasiddhAMtAcA vizeSa abhyAsa - yAmuLe tyAMnA prApta jhAlelA AtmavizvAsa, dhITapaNA ANi vegaLe vyaktimatva madanAsuMdarIcyA pAraMparika katheta ANi itaratrahI disUna yete. (6.27). jaina tattvajJAna atUTa zraddhecyA jorAvara kAhI zrAvikAMnI pUrNa kuTuMbAcI mAnasikatA badalaNyAsaMbaMdhIce ullekhahI vizeSa lakSaNIya Aheta. (1.70 ; 5.139 -144). (6) AMtarajAtIya ANi AMtaradharmIya vivAha : dharma ANi jAta-upajAta he ghaTaka vivAhasaMbaMdha TharavitAnA prAmukhyAne agrabhAgI Thevale jAta asale tarI i.sanAce cauthe zataka te 12 ve zataka yA viziSTa kALAtIla yA jaina kathAMmadhye kamItakamI sAta - ATha udAharaNe tarI AMtarajAtIya-AMtaradharmIya vivAhAMcI yetAta. vizeSa goSTa azI kI bahutAMzI ubhayatAMcyA marjIne jhAlelyA yA vivAhA samAja ANi kuTuMbiyAMkaDUna jhAlelyA prakhara virodhAcI udAharaNe javaLajavaLa nagaNya Aheta. dhArmika athavA jAtIya sahiSNutecI hI udAharaNe jaina kathAlekhakAMcyA vaicArika udAratevara prakAza TAkatAta. jainadharmIya strIcI bAjU tyAMnI vizeSa ucalUna dharalelI disate. yAtIla pakSapAta jamelA dharUna suddhA mhaNAvese vATate kI - jAtIya ANi dhArmika asmitAMcyA bujabujATAcyA, yA uttaraAdhunika kALAta, yA jaina prAkRta kathA vegaLepaNAne uThUna disatAta. 'ilAputra' yA pratyekabuddhAcI kathA, eka jaina pAraMparika kathA Ahe. ekA DoMbAr2yAcyA mulIvara nitAMta prema

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basalelA rAjaputra, mulIcyA pityAcyA AgrahAne DoMbAr2yAMcyA kaletIla sarva kauzalye, kazI AtmasAta karato tyAce pratyayakArI varNana katheta disUna yete. (6.157). pArasika (pArazI kuTuMbAtIla eka azvAdhipatI, ghoDyAMcA vyApAra karIta asato. ghoDyAMcI dekhabhAla karaNAr2yA ekA sAmAnya yuvakAvara, azvAdhipatIcyA lAvaNyavatI kanyece prema basate. tI buddhimatI kanyA, tyAlA pagArAaivajI dona sulakSaNI ghoDe pityAkaDUna mAgUna gheNyAsa sucavite. yuvakAcA kaSTALUpaNA ANi yuvatIcI buddhimattA, yAmuLe tyAMcA vivAhahI nirvedha pAra paDato. (3.19-20). 'nAyAdhammakahA'yA ardhamAgadhI graMthAta, tetalIputra amAtya hA zreSThI ANi poTTilA yA suvarNakArAcyA kanyecA vRttAMta vistArAne yeto. AyuSyAta aneka caDha-utAra yeUnahI, te ekamekAMcI sAtha soData nAhIta. (nAyAdhammakahA, adhyayana 14, pR.94). 'mUlazuddhiprakaraNa' nAvAcyA prAkRta graMthAtIla kathA dharmAMtarAcyA dRSTIne vizeSa rAcaka Ahe. bhAgavatadharmAtIla brAhmaNa yuvaka ANi jaina kulAtIla kanyA yAMcA premavivAha hoto. vegaLyA cAlIrItImuLe yuvakAce kuTuMbIyayAMnA vegaLe ghara karUna detAta. zrAddhAsArakhyA vizeSa prasaMgI brAhmaNa yuvaka ApalyA ekatra kuTuMbAta jAta asato. 'kharcika pUjAvidha ANi zrAddhavidhI karaNyApekSA dIna-duHkhI lokAMnA ApaNa dAna dyAve', asA sallA patnI dete. yA kathecyA nimittAndonhI dharmAtIla tAttvika matabhedAMvara tara prakAza paDatoca paraMtu tarkazuddhapaNe paTavUna deNyAcI jainakanyecI hAtoTIhI najesa bharate. (5.139-144). yAca graMthAtIla dusar2yA katheta jainamunIMcyA prabhAvAne zrAvaka jhAlelyA ekA kulaputrAcI vaiziSTyapUrNa kathA yete. yA katheta taDajoDa tara dAkhavilI Ahe paraMtu tI strIcyA mArphata na dAkhavitA kulaputrAcyA pUrvaparicita devatekaDUna dAkhavilI Ahe. devatA mhaNate, 'jinAMcI pUjA kara paNa malAhI patrIsAkharecA naivedya dAkhava.' kulaputra hiMdUM devatecI pratimA jinezvarAMcyA pratimecyA khAlI Thevato. naivedya mAtra dAkhavito. june daivatazAstra ANi nave tattvajJAna yAtIla taDajoDIvara AdhArita hI dharmAMtarAcI kathA, tatkAlIna samAjAcyA manovRttIvara nizcita prakAza TAkate. (mUlazuddhiprakaraNa, pR.71). vArANasItIla agnizarmA brAhmaNAcI jainadharmIya patnI zIlA, 'pApAcA bApa koNa ?' asA prazna vicArUna tyAcI parIkSA ghete. svataH uttara na sAMgatA gurUMkaDUna uttara devavite. kathA kharI aso athavA kAlpanika, jaina lekhaka strIcitraNAta mAtra yazasvI jhAle Aheta. (2.5). yAkherIja dAsIkaDe AkRSTa jhAlelA kapila brAhmaNa va gurAkhyAne dakta ghetalelyA 'dAmannaka' nAmaka yuvakAcyA premAta paDalelI zreSThIkanyA viSA - yAMcyA kathAhI titakyAca udbodhaka Aheta. (5.66; 6.20). (7) nyAya miLaviNyAsAThI nyAyasaMsthekaDe mAgitalelI dAda : anyAya jhAlA asatA theTa nyAyAdhikaraNAta jAUna striyAMnA takrAra noMdavitA yeta hotI kA ? rAjA, nyAyAdhikArI i. tyA takrArIcI zahAnizA karIta asata kA ? nyAyadAnAmadhye strI-puruSa asA bheda na karatA nyAya miLata hotA kA ? - yA sarva dRSTIne jaina kathAMkaDe pAhilyAsa khUpaca AzAdAyI citra disate. dona vidhavA striyA patIcyA nidhanAnaMtara eka lahAna mUla ANi dAgine gheUna rAjadarabArI nyAya mAgaNyAsAThI yetAta. nyAyAdhIza, jo jaina pAraMparika katheta abhayakumAra mAnalA jAto, to doghIMce mhaNaNe vistArAne aikUna kho. 'jI kharI mAtA Ahe tI vatsala asaNAraca, mulAce ahita karaNAra nAhI', yA tattvAcA vApara karUna khar2yA AIlA mUla va dhana miLavUna dete. (2.43). kumArapAlapratibodhagraMthAta rAjA, amAtya, purohita ANi zreSThI he cAra sarvocca sattAdharI ekA mahilecyA aDacaNIcA, nyAya deNyAcyA nimittAne, kasA phAyadA gheU baghatAta - yAcI atyaMta udbodhaka kathA raMgavUna sAMgitalelI disate. ApalI coralelI ratne parata miLaviNyAsAThI, tyA mahilene buddhimattA paNAsa lAvUna sattAdhAr2yAMnA paMcAMsamakSa kase lajjita kele, hI ghaTanA striyAMcyA aMtaraMgAtIla prakhara zaktIvara prakAza TAkate. bhraSTa rAjasattece rUpahI tyAcaveLI ughaDa karate. (6.124 - 125). vaDilAMnA nyAya miLavUna deNyAsAThI, tyAMcI kanyA 'caMdrakAMtA' theTa purAvyAsakaTa rAjadarabArI pohocate. (2.107). ApalyA vRddha citrakAra pityAlA, avAjavI kAmadeUna anyAya karaNAr2yA rAjAviruddha 'kanakamaMjarI' sajja hote. nyAya miLavUna deNyAcI ticI paddhata mAtra atizaya abhinava

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ANi citrakAritece kauzalya paNAlA lAvaNArI asate. (5.94). (8) strI- devatA : jaina tattvajJAnAcI mULa caukaTa sRSTikartyA IzvarAce astitva nAkArate. paraMtu tyAMce eka svataMtra daivatazAstra mAtra Ahe. cAra gatIMpaikI 'devagati' hI eka gatI Ahe. tyAta devAMbarobara strI- devatAhI Aheta. soLA svargAMmadhIla sarva devatAMce varga, tyAMcI sukhe, upapAtacyavana-AyurmaryAdA yAMcehI varNana yete. yAkherIja hiMdU dharmAcyA prabhAvAne zruvevatA, vidyAdevatA, zAsanadevatA, yakSa-yakSiNI, dikkumArI, dikpAla ityAdIMce citraNa jaina graMthAta ANi jaina maMdire va zilana disUna yete. yA zodhanibaMdhAcA viSaya asalelyA donaze kathAMmadhye koNakoNatyA strI- devatA Aheta te bhASyasahitmAhU yA. ekA katheta gupta khajinyAcI devatA strI- devatA Ahe. (5.120). secanaka hattIcyA katheta vanadevatA hattIlA hitopadeza dete. (3.123). nagaradevatA ruSTa jhAlyA ANi tyAMnI vAdaLa, aMdhakAra, dhuLIce loTa nirmANa kele -asA ullekha strIce raudra rUpa rekhATato. (3.144). niSThAvaMta zrAvikecyA patIlA eDakyAce DoLe basavUna deNArI devata upakArakartIcyA rUpAta disate. (5.112). vimAnAta garuDAvara ArUDha jhAlelI zaMkha-cakra-gadA-padmadhArI devatA 'cakrezvarI' Ahe. (6.168). hiMdU purANAMmadhIla viSNudevAce te strIrUpa Ahe. pazubaLIvara bhASya karUna jIvadayecyAhattva paTaviNArI nagaradevatA jainAMcyA ahiMsAtattvAce jaNU strIrUpa Ahe. (6.14). kuladevatelA navasa karUna mulagA-mulagI jhAlyAsa doghAMcIhI nAve devatevarUna ThevatAta. (6.156; 6.73). ekA katheta mhaTale Ahe kI mAtA maraNa pAvalI. devalokAta 'vyaMtarI' jhAlI. mulAcyA jalodara vyAdhIvara tine upAya sucavilA. (6.28). yethe lekhakAne devalokA strIce vAtsalya-mAtRtva abAdhita Thevale Ahe. dhanasaMpattIcA mAlaka 'kubera' hA puruSa Ahe. tarI ArAdhanA lakSmIdevatecI kelI jAte. bhaktAMnA tIca saMpanna - vipanna karate. (1.82). yA pratyeka varNanAta, rUDha devatAMcyA aMzAMpekSA, strI-svabhAvAce aMzaca adhika ThaLakapaNe pratibiMbita hotAta. (9) striyAMce kAmajIvana : viraktI, saMnyAsa, dIkSA, saMyama - yAMnA atizaya prAdhAnya deNAr2yA jainadharmasaMbaMdhita kathAMmadhye 'kAma' yA aMta:preraNelA kitIse mahattva dilele asaNAra, ANi tyAtahI striyAMcyA kAmabhAvanecA vicAra kelA gelA asela kI nAhI, yAcI nakkIca zaMkA utpanna hote. zivAya mukhyataH sAdhuvargAne lihilelyA yA kathAMta tazI apekSAhI rahAta nahi. tathApi yA bAbatIta vAcakAMcA sukhada apekSAbhaMga hoto. virakta, saMyamI, ekaniSTha, brahmacAriNI, zIlavatI azA striyo citraNa yA prAkRta kathAMta Aheca paraMtu striyAMcyA kAmabhAvanece jevaDhe mhaNUna AviSkAra disatAta tyA sarva tar2hA niranirALyA saMdarbhAta abhivyakta hotAta. mahArASTrI bhASeta racalelI 1 lyA - 2 r2yA zatakAtalI taraMgavatI-kathA Aja upalabdha nasalI tarI tice saMdarbha jaina sAhityAta vipulatene ADhaLatAta. abhyAsakAMcyA mate tI mahArASTrItIla pahilI-vahilI roma~Tika kathA (arthA kAvyabaddha) Ahe. prAkRta kathAMce nAyaka prAyaH zreSThI-vaNik - sArthavAha asalyAne tyAMcyA vyAvasAyika AyuSyAta tyAMnA vyApArAnimitta, zikSaNAnimitta dIrghakALa paradezI rahAve lAgate. tyAMcyA vivAhita patnIMcA to kAmabhAvaneca baharAcA kALa asato. yA pramukha kAraNAne ticyA vaiyaktika, kauTuMbika ANi paryAyAne sAmAjika jIvanAta atRpta kAmabhAvanemuLe nirmANa hoNAr2yA samasyA ANi upAyayojanA - yA kaLIcyA mudyAparyaMta jaina kathAlekhaka pohocale Aheta. yAsaMbaMdhIcyA ekA katheta ApalyA bahakU pAhaNAr2yA sunelA tALyAvara ANaNAr2yA sAsU-sAsar2yAMcI hakigata samajate. (dharmopadezamAlAvivaraNa, pR. 181 - 182). sAgaradatta zreSThIputra strIdveSTA kasA hoto he sAMgatAnA ase varNanyete kI, tyAcI svata:cI AI, tyAlA zikavAyalA yeNAr2yA saMnyAsI gurUMsobata durAcaraNa karatAnA disate. tyA prasaMgAne

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strI-jAtIcA dveSa tyAcyA manAta zirato. (3.110). dAmannaka nAvAcA yuvaka vATasarU maMdirAta jhopI gelelA asato. tyAcyA baladaMDa zarIrayaSTIkaDe baghUna, gaura varNa ANi AkarSaka cehar2yAne maMdirAta AlelI zreSThIkanyA tyAcyAkaDe AkRSTa hote. (6.21). svairapaNe vAgaNyAce svAtaMtrya puruSAMnAca Ahe ase nAhI, tara striyAhI ase vAgU zakatAtahe kumArapAlapratibodha graMthAtIla ekA kathetUna spaSTa hote. (6.172). nAgiNI nAvAcI eka sAmAnya gRhiNI kitI kaTala, duSTa, dhUrta ANi parapuruSAMbarobara majA mAraNArI hotI - he ekA vilakSaNa katheta AvarjUna sAMgitale Ahe. (6.23). ekA vivAhitecyA nAdI lAgUna, eka sAdhU-saMnyAsAcA tyAga karUna punhA gRhasthAsArakhA rAhU lAgato - asehI eka prAkRta katheta noMdavile Ahe. (3.138). mahAzataka-revatI yAMcyA katheta tara ase raMgavile Ahe kI ApalyA kAmatRptIcyA vATeta yeNAr2yA ApalyA bArA savatIMnA revatI hI strI zastraprayoga - viSaprayoga karUna tyAMcA kATA kADhate. (4.103 - 104). mahAbhAratAtIla suprasiddha draupadIcyA bahupatitvAcA mahAbhArata-kathetIla kAryakAraNabhAva jaina kathAlekhakAMnA pasaMta paDalelA disata nAhI. 'bhikSA vATUna ghyA'-ase sAMgaNArI kuMtI ANi nimUTapaNe aikaNAre pAMDava - yApekSA vegaLeca citra jaina katheta disUna yete. draupadIcI gelyA dona janmAtalI atRpta rAhilelI kAmabhAvanA katheta vistArAne varNilI Ahe. pariNAmI tI svayaMvarata svakhuzIne pAca pAMDavAMnA ekatritapaNe varamAlA ghAlate ase mhaTale Ahe. vizeSa mhaNaje draupadIcyA tInahI janmAtIla prabaLa kAmabhAvanece dhikkArayukta - tiraskArayukta citraNa nasUna jaina lekhaka taTastha nivedakAcI bhUmikA ghetAta. strI-puruSa-samAnatecI jANIva gRhasthAMsAThI sAMgitalelyA vratAtUnahI spaSTa hote. puruSAMsAThI 'sva-dAra-saMtoSahai vrata sAMgitale Ahe tara striyAMsAThI 'para - puruSa - nivRtti' he vrata sAMgitale Ahe. prAkRta kathAMmadhUna striyAMcyA aMta:prerita kAmabhAvanAMce kelele varNana nizcitaca vAstavavAdI, samAjatalasparzI Ahe. (10) striyAMvarIla laiMgika atyAcAra ANi tyAvarIla pratikriyA : 'sUtrakRtAMga', 'duHkhavipAka'' ANi 'praznavyAkaraNa' yA ardhamAgadhI graMthAMvara najara TAkalI asatA ase disate kI tatkAlIna gunhe jagatAvara yA tIna graMthAMmadhye miLUna cAMgalAca prakAza TAkalA Ahe. cAMgale-vAITa, pApa-puNya, sadAcaraNa-durAcaraNa yA sarva parasparavirodhI joDyAMnA atizaya svAbhAvika va vAstavika mAnalyAne gunhegArI jagatAce citraNa kathAgraMthAtUnahI koThehI, hAta rAkhUna kelele disata nAhI. gunhyAMcyA vegavegaLyA prakArAMmadhye 'striyAMkhala laiMgika atyAcAra' hA pramukha ghaTaka disato. 'vasudevahiMDI' hyA ArSaprAkRtAtIla graMthAta AraMbhIcyA bhAgAtaca, laiMgika atyAcArAcA dhiTAIne sAmanA karaNA dhanazrI dRSTotpattIsa yete. zIlabhaMga karaNAr2yA rAjasevakAlA madyAtUna guMgIce auSadha dete. kamarecI talavAra kADhUna ziraccheda karate. (3.110). 'kumArapAlapratibodha' graMthAtahI vivAhita patnIce apaharaNa karaNAr2yA narAdhamAlA vadhAcI zikSA deNe yogya mAnale Ahe. (6.63). niyativAdAcyA AhArI jANAr2yA saddAlaputra kuMbhArAlA, pauruSa - parAkramAce mahattva sAMgaNAre bha. mahAvIra prazna vicAratAta, 'tujhyA patnIzI gairavyavahAra karaNAr2yA durAcArI mANasAlA, tU koNatI zikSA dezIla ?' kSaNAcAhI vilaMba na lAvatA saddAlaputra mhaNato, 'mI tyAlA cAMgalA badaDUna kADhIna. kiMbahunA prANahI gheIna.' (4.100-101). 'aMtagaDadazA' yA ardhamAgadhI graMthAta Ajace sarva laiMgika atyAcAra spaSTa karaNArI 'arjuna' nAvAcyA mALyAcI ANi tyAcyA svarUpasuMdara patnIcI kathA yete. yA katheta gang-rape cA savistara vRttAMta yeto. tyAnaMtara arjunamALyAne patnIvara atyAcAra karaNAr2yAMnA kase yamasadanI pAThavile hAhI vRttAMta namUda kelA Ahe. paraMtu tyAMcyAhI puDhe jAUna arjunamALI eka serial killer kasA banato tyAce savistara vRtta dile Ahe. patnIvara laiMgika atyAcAra karaNAr2yA sahA puruSAMbarobara to jyAlA honor killing ase mhaNatA yeIla azA prakAre ApalyA patnIlAhI mArato. itakeca navhe tara kAhIhI kAraNa nasatAnA sUDa bhAvanene rojaca sahA puruSa va eka strI yAMnA mArU lAgatohatyecyA doSAtUna arjunamALyAlA mukta karaNyAsAThI kathAlekhakAne 'tyAcyAmadhye yakSAcA Aveza jhAlA', ase kAraNa dile Ahe. paraMtu vAstavika pAhile tara tI samAjAtIla kAhI vargAkaDUna laiMgika atyAcArAlA dilelI pratikriyA

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mhaNAvayAsa pAhije. (4.113). vara dilelyA sarva udAharaNAMmadhye tyAveLacyA samAjAce ekamata disate kI striyAMvara laiMgika atyAcAra karaNAr2yAMnA ekaca zikSA yogya Ahe va tI mhaNaje 'mRtyudaMDa'. ahiMselA satata zirodhArya mAnaNAr2yA jaina lekhakAMnI striyAMvarIlyA prakAracyA atyAcArAMsAThI koThehI taDajoDa kelelI disata nAhI. (11) vezyAjIvanAce pratyayakArI citraNa : gaNikA ANi vezyA yAMcA darjA sAmAjika stara, kAryapaddhatI, vyavahAra - sarva kAhI vegavegaLe Ahe. ardhamAgadhI bhASetIla AgamagraMthAta gaNikA ANi vezyA vegavegaLyA disatAta. 'vasudevahiMDI' yA cauthyA zatakAtIla ArSa prAkRta athavA jaina mahArASTrI graMthAtahI vezyA, vezyAgRhe, kuTTinI-bAiyA kiMvA akkA yA tyAMcyA mAlakiNI, vezyakaMDe yeNA vividha prakArace puruSa, vezyAMnA vATaNAre kulIna vaivAhika jIvanAce ANi saccyA premAce AkarSaNa - yA sAr2yAMce hRdayaMgama citra vasudevahiMDItUna ubhe rAhate. 'kumArapAlapratibodha' hyA bArAvyA zatakAtIla graMthAmadhIla vezyAvyasanAsaMbaMdhIcI 'azokakathA' yA zarIravikrayAcyA dhaMdyAsaMbaMdhIcyA aneka mUlagAmI praznAMnA saraLa jAUna bhiDate. samAjAta vezyA kA hotAta ? kazA prakAre hotAta daridrI pAlakAMkaDUna vikata ghetalyA jAUna tyAMnA yatheccha copa deUna nRtya-gAyana- aMgavikSepAta kase julamAne tayAra kele jAte ? - yA sarvAMcI cikitsA yA katheta 'caMDA' nAvAcyA 'kuTTinI' kaDUna karavUna ghetalI Ahe. Human Trafficking' yA AjacyA samasyecA tethe UhApoha kelelA disato. nagarAtalyA sarva vezyAgRhAMcyA mAlakiNIMcI 'asosiezana' mhaNaje 'maMDaLa' asaNe - hA ullekha cakrAvUna TAkato. (6.49). vezyAgRhAcyA bAbatIta ekA pityAne kelelA grAhakamaMcAsArakhA dAvA muLAtaca vAcanIya Ahe. (6.51). dusar2yA ekA katheta, eka vyApArI putra subhagA nAvAcyA vezyevara anurakta hoto. tI garbhavatI hote. ticyA prasUtIcyA veLI to ticyA pAThIvarIla ADavA vraNa pAhato. tyAvarUna ticI pUrva- hakigata jANUna gheto - asA ullekha Ahe. yAtIla tathye AjacyA paristhitIzI juLatIla itakI tapazIlavAra Aheta. (6.206). sthUlibhadra munIMcyA pAraMparika katheta, ApalyA nAdI lAgalelyA munIMnA kozAvezyA kazI tALyAvara ANate tyAcA vRttAMta yeto. pAyI pAyI tyAMnA nepALalA jAyalA sAMgUna ratnakaMbala ANavate. tyAMcyA dekhata tukaDe tukaDe karUna gaTArAta phekate. munidharmAce pAvitrya ANi vezyAjIvanAcI apavitra daladala - donhI adhorekhita karate. (6.235). vastuta: sapta-vyasanAMpaikI eka vezyAvyasana ! tyAce jaina lekhakAMnI kelele pratyayakArI varNana tyAMcyA sAmAjika jANivAMvara prakAza TAkate. (12) striyAMce svataMtra Arthika vyavahAra, adhikAra ANi kartRtva : prAkRta kathAMmadhye madhyama ANi nimnastarAtalyA striyAMce Arthika adhikAra spaSTapaNe noMdavalele nAhIta. paraMtu ardhamAgadhI kathAMmadhye rAje, amAtya ANi zreSThI yAMcyAkaDIla vivAhAMmadhye vivAhita kanyelA mAheracyA mANasAMnI dilelyA vividha prakAracyA bheTIMnA 'prItidAna' ase mhaTale Ahe. aseca 'prItidAna' tyAMnA sAsarace lokahI deta asata. - * ase AvarjUna noMdavile Ahe. gAI, zetI, itara Arthika guMtavaNUka ticyA nAvAne kelI jAI. vRddhIkaritA tamAherI Thevale jAI. strIlA garaja paDela tevhA tice mAherace loka yogya tI madata karIta. (4.103). jJAtAdharmakathA graMthAtIla 'rohiNI'cI kathA yAsAThI vAraMvAra uddhRta karaNyAta yete. tinehI sAMbhALAyalA dilelI goSTa mAherI ThevUna aneka paTIMnI vRddhiMgata kelI. ticyA niyojanakauzalyAvara khUSa hoUna sAsar2yAMnI gharAtalya sarva Arthika adhikArAcI sUtre ticyAvara sopavalI - asA ullekha yeto. (4.42). ekA katheta ekA zreSThIMcyA, atyaMta bhinna svabhAvAcyA dona patnI varNilyA Aheta. dusarI patnI, patIcyA dIrgha gairahajerIta ghara tara sAMbhALateca paNa vizvAsU munImajIMnA hAtAzI dharUna vyApArahI vRddhiMgata karate, ase mhaTale Ahe.

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upAsakadazA yA ardhamAgadhI graMthAtIla revatI ApalyA savatIMcyA dhanAvara DoLA ThevUna tyAMnA gupacUpa yamasadanI pAThavite. mRta savatIcI saMpattI ticyA hayAta savatIlA deNyAsaMbaMdhIcI vegaLIca mAhitI yA kathetUna miLate. samAjAtIla yA sarvatalasparzI kathAMmadhye, 'mAherUna paisA ANa' - mhaNUna sunelA chaLaNAr2yA kuTuMbAviSayI ekahI kathA ADhaLata nAhI. strIvAdI vicArasaraNIcyA dRSTIne hI goSTa atyaMta sakArAtmaka mAnalI pAhije kAraNa agadI bArIkasArIka tapazIla deNAre prAkRta kathAlekhaka itakI mahattvAcI goSTa lapavUna ThevatIla ase vATata nAhI. ___ patIcA AdhAra nasatAnAhI svakartRtvAvara upajIvikA, mulAMce zikSaNa karaNAr2yA striyA vizeSata: ardhamAgadhI graMthAta disatAta. bhadrA sArthavAhI (3.102) ; sthApatyA gRhiNI (nAyA.zailaka adhyayana pR.261-271) ANi hAlAhalA kuMbhArINa yAMcI udAharaNe yAsAThI ThaLakapaNe samora yetAta. hAlAhalA kuMbhArINa AjIvika paMthAcI upAsikA asata tice rAjapathAvara moThe dukAna asate. ___ yA tInahI striyAMcyA katheta tyAMcyA patIMce, kuTuMbAMce ullekhaca disata nAhIta. __ strI-puruSa doghAMnIhI upajIvikesAThI kAma karaNyAcI paddhata mALI, mAsemAra - azA samAjAta disate. eravI arthArjanAcI jabAbadArI sAmAnyata: puruSAMcIca disate. arthArjanAcI preraNA, sallA kiMvA kadhIkadhI haTTa karaNAr2yA striyane ullekha mAtra aneka kathAMmadhye disatAta. (13) cAturya ANi dhUrtatA yAtIla sImAreSA : 'cAturya' ANi 'dhUrtatA' yA doghAMnAhI viziSTa prakAracyA buddhimattecI pArzvabhUmI Avazyaka asate. tarIhI cAMgalyA kAmAsAThI vAparalyAmuLe cAturya he sadguNa Tharate tara phasaviNyAsAThI vAparalI gelyAmuLe dhUrtatA hA guNa Tharato. jaina kathAlekhakAMnA yA donhI saMkalpanAMmadhIla sImAreSA cAMgalIca mAhIta Ahe. striyAMce ekAMgI citraNa karAvayace nAhI', asA jaNU tyAMcA nizcayaca Ahe. kadAcit pratyakSa samAja-nirIkSaNAvarUna tyAMnI to kADhalelA niSkarSahI asela. striyAMce cAturya ANi dhUrtatva donhI samarasatene sAkAra karaNAr2yA yA kathA strI-puruSa samAnatece eka vegaLeca parimANa prastuta karatAta. ___ AThavyA zatakAta hoUna gelelyA 'haribhadra' nAvAcyA AcAryAMnI 'dhUrtAkhyAna' nAvAce vyaMgaupahAsapradhAna khaMDakAvya lihile Ahe. tyAta ekUNa pAca dhUrtarAja Aheta. cAra vyaktirekhA puruSa Aheta. 'khaMDapAnA' nAvAcI strI, 500 dhUrta striyAMcI agraNI Ahe. ApalyA yuktIne ANi kRtIne cAra puruSa dhUrtarAjAMvara mAta karaNArI hI khaMDapAnA, striyaMcA eka vegaLAca pailU najaresamora ANate. 'pAiyavinnANakahA' yA graMthAtIla ekA katheta dhUrta nartikA, zreSThIMnA kase pecA pakaDate - yAce varNana yete. moThIca yuktI yojUna nartikelA muMDana karAyalA lAvUna, zreSThIMcA priya popaTa tilA dhaDA kasA zikavito, tyAcI hI raMjaka kathA Ahe. (1.99). 'kumArapAlapratibodhA'ta koMbaDyAce mAMsa atizaya priya asalelI caMDA nAvAcI atizaya dhUrta strI, koMbaDA kasA paLavite, tyAcI kathA yete. zejAraNIsamora bolatAnA saMvAdAtUnarahasya ughaDa hota Ahe he jANavalyAvara, kSaNArdhAta saMvAdAcA rokha badalUna kalATaNI dete. (6.163-166). jaina prAkRta graMthAMmadhye striyAMce cAturya dAkhaviNAr2yA kathAMcI muLIsaddhA vAnavA nAhI. striyAMcA hA cAryagaNa lekhakAMnI vegavegaLyA prasaMgI, vegavegaLyA kAryAsAThI upayogAta ANalelA disato. ekA katheta sUna ka Ahe ANi sAsaracI mANase bhogavilAsI Aheta. tyAMcyAmadhye nAvAlAhI dhArmikatA nAhI. sAdhUMcyA saMvAdAtUna tI mhaNate kI, 'mAjhe vaya 12 varSe, patIce 5 varSe va sAsUce 6 mahine Ahe. sAsare tara ajUna janmAlAca Alele nAhIta.' yA cAturyapUrNa vAkyAcA artha samajAvUna sAMgatA-sAMgatAca pUrNa kuTuMbAlA tI dhArmikatece mahattva paTavite. (1.70).jaina saMkalpanenusAra buddhIce prakAra cAra Aheta. 'autpattikI' mhaNaje janmajAta, 'vainayikI' mhaNaje zikSaNAne yeNArI, 'karmajA' mhaNaje sarAvAne yeNArI va 'pariNAmikI' buddhI mhaNaje anubhavAtUna Alele zahANapaNa, cAturya ANi vyavahArajJAna. pariNAmikIbuddhIcI kathA mhaNUna eka brAhmaNI va ticyA tIna mulIMce udAharaNa dile Ahe. ApApalyA patIMce ANi kuTuMbiyAMce svabhAva dhyAnAta gheUna, tIna mulIMpaikI pratyekIlA tI vegavegaLA sallA dete. (1.116).

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'mRgAvatI' nAvAcyA rANIvara bhALalelA 'pradyota' rAjA, tilA prApta karaNyAcI parAkASThA karato. patIcyA mRtyUnaMtara svata:ce zIlarakSaNa karaNAr2yA mRgAvatIce cAturya, dhairya, pAtivratya ANi buddhimattecI joDa lAbhalyAne adhikaca jhaLALUna uThate. (6.106). 'dAmodara' nAvAcyA brAhmaNAne haDapa kelelI sAta ratne, parata miLaviNAr2yA jayasuMdarIce cAturya kumArapAlapratibodhagraMthAtIla katheta disUna yete. (6.124-125). dhUrtatA ANi cAturya yA dohoMbAbata striyA puruSAMpekSA kuThehI kamI nAhIta, he dAkhavUna deNyAta jainakathAlekhaka cAMgaleca yazasvI jhAle Aheta. upasaMhAra va niSkarSa : bhAratIya vidyecyA abhyAsakAMnI, samAjAce aMtaraMga samajAvUna gheNyAce sAdhana mhaNUna ardhamAgadhI va jaina mahArASTrI bhASAMmadhIla prAkRta sAhityAcA vizeSa ullekha va gaurava kelelA disato. sakRddarzanI ase disate kI, yA sarva kathA puruSalekhakAMnI lihilelyA asalyAmuLe tyAtUna bahudhA puruSapradhAna ANi strIlA duyyama lekhaNAre vicAraca prastuta kelela asatIla. paraMtu jaina prAkRta kathAsAhityAcA samagratene ADhAvA ghetalyAsa ase disate kI 'samyaktva' arthAt 'pakSapAti asaNe' - hA jainadharmAcA mUlAdhAra, jaina prAkRta kathAlekhakAMnIhI jANIvapUrvaka svIkAralA Ahe. striyAMce citraNa karatAnA, 'TokAcI niMdA ANi TokAcI stutI' - donhI vicArapUrvaka nAkArale Ahe. mukhyata: eka 'mANUsa mhaNUna ticyAkaDe pAhile Ahe. puruSAMcyA citraNAta jevaDhI vividhatA Ahe tyApekSA kitItarI jAsta chaTA strIcitraNAta Aheta... mukhya mhaNaje 'patI mhaNaje paramezvara', he prArUpa manAta dharUna citraNa nAhI. patIcI tI sarvArthAne 'sahacAriNI' Ahe, 'sahagAminI' nAhI. aupacArika zikSaNa nasale tarI tilA svakartRtvAne Alele svataMtra vyaktitva Ahe. tice anubhavI, vyavahArI va acUka sallA deNAre vyaktimatva akhera manAvara chApa umaTavUna jAte. dhArmika ANi upadezapara sAhitya asUnahI, striyAMcyA kAmajIvanAcA kelelA vicAra vizeSa lakSaNIya Ahe. phakta viziSTa vargAce citraNa na karatA samAjAtIla sarva starAtIla striyAMcI dakhala ghetalI Ahe. yethe strIdveSTe puruSa Aheta tara puruSadveSTyA striyAhI Aheta mahAbhAratAtalyA zrIkRSNAcA, draupadIcA agadI vegaLyA pAtaLIvara vicAra kelA Ahe. mAMsAhArI, adhArmika, madyapI ANi kAmAsakta azI ekhAdI strI raMgaviNyAsahI te mAge puDhe pahAta nAhIta. sArAMza asA kI, 'vedakALAta striyAMce sthAna ucca hote va naMtara naMtara te khAlAvata gele' - he saMskRta sAhityikAMcyA nirIkSaNAMce prArUpa, 12 vyA zatakAparyaMtacyA jaina kathAMmadhUna samarthanIya Tharata nAhI. kAhI ThikANI jaina AgamAtIla ardhamAgadhI citraNApekSA, jaina mahArASTrItIla strI - citraNa adhika pragalbha hota gelele disate. sarvAta mahattvAcI bAba mhaNaje yAta varNilelyA striyA, kevaLa jaina samAjAtIla nasUna Ama samAjAtIla Aheta. striyAMcyAca bAbatIta bolAyace tara, jaina nasalelyA strI-vyaktirekhAca tulanene jAsta Aheta. agadI thoDakyAta sAMgAyace mhaNaje, 'jainAMcyA yA prAkRta kathAMnA durlakSita kele tara bhAratIya strIvicArAtIla ekA mahattvAcyA aMgAsa ApaNa vaMcita rAhU.' **********

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saMdarbha-graMtha-sUcI anuvAdita graMtha anoLakhI goSTI (bhAga 1 te 6), jaina prAkRta kathA : anuvAda - sumatilAla bhaMDArI, saM.-DaoN. nalinI jozI, sanmati-tIrtha prakAzana (2007 te 2011), puNe mUlAdhAra graMtha 1. ardhamAgadhI Agama graMtha : i.sa.pUrva 5 ve zataka te i.sa.ce 5 ve zataka sUtrakRtAMga, vyAkhyAprajJapti, jJAtRdharmakathA, upAsakadazA, aMtakRddazA, vipAkasUtra, uttarAdhyayana, rAjapraznIya 2. jaina mahArASTrI graMtha : i.sa.ce 5 ve zataka te i.sa.ce 12 ve zataka vasudevahiMDI : saMghadAsagaNi va dharmasenagaNi, 5 ve zataka upadezapada : haribhadrasUri, 8 ve zataka kuvalayamAlA : udyotanasUri, 8 ve zataka dharmopadezamAlAvivaraNa : jayasiMhasUri, 9 ve zataka mUlazuddhiprakaraNa : pradyumnasUri, 11 ve zataka uttarAdhyayanasUtra, sukhabodhATIkA : deveMdragaNi/nemicaMdrasUri, 11 ve zataka manoramAkathA : vardhamAnasUri, 11 ve zataka kumArapAlapratibodha : somaprabhasUri, 12 ve zataka AkhyAnamaNikoza : deveMdragaNi, 12 ve zataka AkhyAnamaNikozavRtti : AmradevasUri, 12 ve zataka upadezapada, sukhabodhinITIkA : municaMdrasUri, 12 ve zataka pAiya-vinnANa-kahA (bhAga 1,2) : vijayakastUrasUrizvarajI, 20 ve zataka **Chu Lai Zuo Zuo Zuo Zuo Zuo