Jain Nyaya ke Anuman Vimarsh

Author(s): Darbarilal Kothiya
Publisher: Z_Rajendrasuri_Janma_Sardh_Shatabdi_Granth_012039.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/210796/1

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I IDI ............... . .. sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha bhAratIya nyAya ke pariprekSya meM ..... ........... jaina-nyAya meM anumAna-vimarza, -DA. darabArIlAla koThiyA jaina vAGamaya meM anumAna kA kyA rUpa hai aura usakA vikAsa kisa prakAra hamA, isa sambandha meM hama prastuta meM vicAra kareMge / (ka) SaTkhaNDAgama meM hetuvAda kA ullekha jaina zruta kA Alor3ana karane para jJAta hotA hai ki SaTkhaNDAgama meM zruta ke paryAya-nAmoM meM eka hetuvAdanAma . bhI parigaNita hai, jisakA vyAkhyAna AcArya vIrasenane 'hetu dvArA tatsambaddha anya vastu kA jJAna karanA' kiyA hai aura jisa para se use spaSTatayA anumAnArthaka mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoki anumAna kA bhI 'hetu se sAdhya kA jJAna karanA' artha hai| ataeva hetuvAda kA vyAkhyAna hetuvidyA, tarkazAstra, yuktizAstra aura anumAna zAstra kiyA jAtA hai| svAmI samantabhadra ne sambhavataH aise hI zAstra ko 'yuktyanuzAsana' kahA hai aura jise unhoMne dRSTa (pratyakSa) aura Agama se aviruddha artha kA prarUpaka batalAyA hai| (kha) sthAnAMgasUtra meM hetu-nirUpaNa sthAnAMgasUtra meM 'hetu' zabda prayukta hai aura isakA prayoga pramANa sAmAnya' tathA anumAna ke pramukha aMga hetu (sAdhana) donoM ke artha meM huA hai| pramANa sAmAnya ke artha meM usakA prayoga isa prakAra hai1. hetu cAra prakAra kA hai (1) pratyakSa, (2) anumAna, (3) upamAna, (4) Agama gautama ke nyAyasUtra meM bhI ye cAra bheda abhihita haiM / para vahA~ inheM pramANa ke bheda kahA hai / hetu ke artha meM hetu zabda nimna prakAra vyavahRta huA hai2. hetu ke cAra bheda haiM (1) vidhi-vidhi-(sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM sadbhAvarUpa hoM) (2) vidhi-niSedha-(sAdhya vidhirUpa aura sAdhana niSedharUpa) (3) niSedha-vidhi-(sAdhya niSedharUpa aura hetu vidhirUpa) (4) niSedha-niSedha-(sAdhya aura sAdhana donoM niSedha rUpa hoM) inheM hama kramazaH nimna nAmoM se vyavahata kara sakate haiM(1) vidhisAdhaka vidhirUpa aviruddhopalabdhi (2) vidhisAdhaka niSedharUpa viruddhAnupalabdhi - - 52 | caturtha khaNDa : jaina darzana, itihAsa aura sAhitya

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sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha (3) niSedhasAdhaka vidhirUpa viruddhopalabdhi (4) pratiSedhasAdhaka pratiSedharUpa aviruddhAnupalabdhi inake udAharaNa nimna prakAra diye jA sakate haiM(1) agni hai, kyoMki dhUma hai| (2) isa prANI meM vyAdhivizeSa hai, kyoMki nirAmaya ceSTA nahIM hai| (3) yahA~ zItasparza nahIM hai, kyoMki uSNatA hai| (4) yahA~ dhUma nahIM hai, kyoMki agni kA abhAva hai| (ga) bhagavatIsUtra meM anumAna kA nirdeza bhagavatIsUtra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra aura unake pradhAna ziSya gautama (indrabhUti) gaNadhara ke saMvAda meM pramANa ke pUrvokta cAra bhedoM kA ullekha AyA hai, jinameM anumAna bhI sammilita hai| (gha) anuyogadvArasUtra meM anumAna-nirUpaNa anumAna kI kucha adhika vistRta carcA anuyogadvArasUtra meM upalabdha hotI hai / isameM anumAna ke bhedoM kA nirdeza karake unakA sodAharaNa nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| 1. anumAna-bheva isameM anumAna ke tIna bheda batAe haiM / yathA(1) puvvavaM (pUrvavat) (2) se mayaM (zeSavat) (3) diTThasAhammavaM (dRSTasAdharmyavat) (1) puvva -jo vastu pahale dekhI gayI thI, kAlAntara meM kiMcit parivartana hone para bhI use pratyabhijJA dvArA pUrva liMgadarzana se avagata karanA 'putvavaM' anumAna hai / jaise bacapana meM dekhe gaye bacce ko yuvAvasthA meM kiMcit parivataMna ke sAtha dekhane para bhI pUrva-cihnoM dvArA jJAta karanA ki 'vahI zizu' hai| yaha 'puvvavaM' anumAna kSetra, varNa, lAMchana, massA aura tila prabhRti cihnoM se sampAdita kiyA jAtA hai| (2) sesavaM -isake hetubheda me pAMca bheda haiM (ka) kAryAnumAna (kha) kAraNAnumAna (ga) guNAnumAna (gha) avayavAnumAna (Ga) AzrayI-anumAna (ka) kAryAnumAna-kArya se kAraNa ko avagata karanA kAryAnumAna hai / jaise-zabda ke zaMkha ko, tAr3ana se bherI ko, DhADane se vRSabha ko, kekArava se mayUra ko, hinahinAne (hoSita) se azva ko, gulagulAyita (ciMghAr3ane) se hAthI ko aura ghaNaghaNAyita (dhanadhanAne) se ratha ko anumita karanA / (kha) kAraNAnumAna-kAraNa se kArya kA anumAna karanA kAraNAnumAna hai / jaise-tantu se paTa kA, vIraNa se kaTa kA, matpiNDa se ghar3e kA anumAna karanA / tAtparya yaha ki jina kAraNoM se kAryoM kI utpatti hotI hai, unake dvArA una kAryoM kA avagama prApta karanA 'kAraNa' nAma kA 'sesa' anumAna hai| 18 E ....... ..... jaina-nyAya meM anumAna-vimarza : DaoN0 darabArIlAla koThiyA | 53 paOKE ALTH Tauronal SAHI www.jai Glibras ANTERALL

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sAdhvIratna puSvatI abhinandana grantha / (ga) guNAnumAna-guNa se guNI kA anumAna karanA guNAnumAna hai| yathA---gandha se puSpa kA, rasa se lavaNa kA, sparza se vastra kA aura nikaSa se suvarNa kA anumAna karanA / 14 (gha) avayavAnumAna-avayava se avayavI kA anumAna karanA avayavAnumAna hai / yathA-sIMga se mahiSa kA, zikhA se vakuTa kA, zuNDAdaNDa se hAthI kA, dAr3ha se varAha kA, piccha se mayUra kA, lAMgUla se vAnara kA, khura se azva kA, nakha se vyAghra kA, bAlAgra se camarI gAya kA, do paira se manuSya kA, cAra para se gau Adi kA, bahapAda se kanagojara (paTAra) kA, kesara se siMha kA, kakubha se vRSabha kA, cUr3Isahita bAhu se mahilA kA, baddhaparikaratA se yoddhA kA, nivAsa se mahala kA, dhAnya ke eka kaNa se droNapAka kA aura eka gAthA se kavi kA anumAna karanA / (Ga) AzrayI-anumAna-AzrayI se Azraya kA anumAna karanA AzrayI-anumAna hai / yathA-dhUma se agni kA, balAkA se jala kA, viziSTa meghoM se vRSTi kA aura zIla-sadAcAra se kulaputra kA anumAna karanA / 18 zeSavata ke ina pAMcoM bhedoM meM avinAbhAvI eka se zeSa (avazeSa) kA anumAna hone se unheM zeSavata kahA hai| (3) viTa ThasAhammavaM17--isa anumAna ke do bheda haiM--- (ka) sAmannadiTTha (mAmAnya dRSTa) (kha) visesadiTTha (vizeSadRSTa) (ka) kisI eka vastu ko dekhakara tatsajAtIya sabhI vastuoM kA sAdharmya jJAta karanA yA bahuta vastuoM ko kamA dekhakara kisI vizeSa (eka) meM tatsAdharmya kA jJAna karanA sAmAnyadRSTa hai| yathA- jaisA eka manuSya hai. vaise bahata me manuSya haiM / jaise bahuta se manuSya haiM, vaisA eka manuSya hai / jaisA eka karizAvaka hai vaise bahuta se karizAvaka haiM / jaise bahuta se karizAvaka haiM, vaisA eka karizAvaka hai / jaisA eka kArSApaNa hai, vaise aneka kArSApaNa haiM / jaise aneka kArSApaNa haiM. vaisA eka kArSApaNa hai| isa prakAra sAmAnyadharmadarzana dvArA jJAta se ajJAta kA jJAna karanA sAmAnyadRSTa anumAna kA prayojana hai| (kha) jo aneka vastuoM meM se kisI eka ko pRthak karake usake vaiziSTya kA pratyabhijJAna karAtA hai vaha vizeSadRSTa hai| yathA--koI eka puruSa bahuta se puruSoM ke bIca meM se pUrvadRSTa puruSa kA pratyabhijJAna karatA hai ki yaha vahI . yA bahuta se kArSApaNoM ke madhya meM pUrvadRSTa kArSApaNa ko dekhakara pratyabhijJA karanA ki yaha vahI kArSApaNa hai| isa prakAra kA jJAna vizeSadRSTa dRSTasAdharmyavat anumAna hai| 2. kAlabheda se anumAna kA vaividhya18 kAla kI dRSTi se bhI anuyoga-dvAra meM anumAna ke tIna prakAroM kA pratipAdana upalabdha hai| yathA-1. atItakAlagrahaNa, 2. pratyutpannakAlagrahaNa aura 3. anAgatakAlagrahaNa / / 1. atItakAlagrahaNa-uttRNa vana, niSpannazasyA pRthvI, jalapUrNa kuNDa-sara-nadI-dIpikA taDAga Adi dekhakara anumAna karanA ki suvRSTi huI hai, yaha atItakAlagrahaNa anumAna hai| 2. pratyutpannakAlagrahaNa-bhikSAcaryA meM pracura bhikSA milatI dekha anumAna karanA ki subhikSa hai, yaha pratyutpaprakAlagrahaNa anumAna hai / 3. anAgatakAlagrahaNa-bAdala kI nirmalatA, kRSNa pahAr3a, savidyut megha, meghagarjana, vAtobhrama, rakta aura prasnigdha saMdhyA, vAruNa yA mAhendra sambandhI yA aura koI prazasta utpAta unako dekhakara anumAna karanA ki suvaSTi hogI, yaha anAgatakAlagrahaNa anumAna hai| ukta lakSaNoM kA viparyaya dekhane para tInoM kAloM ke grahaNa meM viparyaya bhI ho jAtA hai / arthAt sUkhI jamIna, zuSka tAlAba Adi dekhane para vRSTi ke abhAva kA, bhikSA kama milane para vartamAna dubhikSa kA aura prasanna dizAoM Adi ::: ::: ::: : 54 | caturtha khaNDa : jaina darzana, itihAsa aura sAhitya www.jainelibrariete

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sAdhvAratnapuSpavatI abhinandana grantha iiiiiiiiii ke hone para anAgata kuvRSTi kA anumAna hotA hai, yaha mI anuyogadvAra meM sodAharaNa abhihita hai / ullekhanIya hai ki kAlabheda se tIna prakAra ke anumAnoM kA nirdeza caraka-sUtrasthAna (a0 11/21, 22) meM bhI milatA hai| nyAyasUtra, upAyahRdaya20 aura sAMkhyakArikA meM bhI pUrvavat Adi anumAna ke tIna bhedoM kA pratipAdana hai| unameM prathama do vahI haiM jo Upara anuyogadvAra meM nirdiSTa haiN| kintu tIsare bheda kA nAma anuyogadvAra kI taraha dRSTasAdharmyavat na hokara sAmAnyatodraSTa hai| anuyogadvAragata pUrvavat jaisA udAharaNa upAyahRdaya (pa. 13) meM bhI AyA hai| ina anumAnabheda-prabhedoM aura unake udAharaNoM ke vivecanoM se yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki gautama ke nyAyasUtra meM jina anumAnabhedoM kA nirdeza hai ve usa samaya kI anumAna carcA meM vartamAna the / anuyogadvAra ke anamAnoM kI vyAkhyA abhidhAmUlaka hai / pUrvavat kA zAbdika artha hai pUrva ke samAna kisI vastu ko vartamAna meM dekhakara usakA jJAna prApta karanA / smaraNIya hai ki dRSTa vya vastu pUrvottara kAla meM mUlataH eka hI hai aura jise dekhA gayA hai usake sAmAnya dharma pUrva kAla meM bhI vidyamAna rahate haiM aura uttarakAla meM bhI ve pAye jAte haiM / ataH pUrva dRSTa ke AdhAra para uttarakAla meM dekhI vastu kI jAnakArI prApta karanA pUrvavat anumAna hai / isa prakriyA meM pUrvAMza ajJAta hai aura uttarAMza jAta / ataH jJAta se ajJAta (atIta) aMza kI jAnakArI (pratyabhijJA) kI jAtI hai| jaisA ki anuyogadvAra aura upAyahRdaya meM diye gaye udAharaNa se prakaTa hai / zeSavat meM kArya-kAraNa, guNa-guNI, avayava-avayavI evaM Azraya-AzrayI meM se avinAbhAvI eka aMza ko jJAta kara zeSa (avaziSTa) aMza ko mAnA jAtA hai / zeSavat zabda kA abhidheyArtha bhI yahI hai| sAdharmya ko dekhakara tattulya kA jJAna prApta karanA dRSTasAdhamyavat anumAna hai| yaha bhI vAcyArthamUlaka hai / yadyapi isake adhikAMza udAharaNa sAdRzya pratyabhijJAna ke tulya haiM / para zabdArtha ke anusAra yaha anumAna sAmAnyadarzana para Azrita hai| dUsare, prAcIna kAla meM pratyabhijJAna ko anumAna hI mAnA jAtA thaa| use pRthak mAnane kI paramparA dArzanikoM meM bahuta pIche Ayo hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki anuyogadvArasatra meM ukta anumAnoM kI vivecanA pAribhASika na hokara abhidhAmUlaka hai| para nyAyasUtra ke vyAkhyAkAra vAtsyAyana ke ukta tInoM anumAna-bhedoM kI vyAkhyA vAcyArtha ke AdhAra para nahIM kii| unhoMne unakA svarUpa pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM grathita kiyA hai| isase yadi yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jAya ki pAribhASika zabdoM meM pratipAdita svarUpa kI apekSA avayavArtha dvArA vivecita svarUpa adhika maulika evaM prAcIna hotA hai to ayukta na hogA, kyoMki abhidhA ke anantara hI lakSaNA yA vyaMjanA yA rUr3ha zabdAvalI dvArA svarUpa-nirdhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai / dUsare, vAtsyAyana kI trividha anumAna-vyAkhyA anuyogadvArasUtra kI apekSA adhika puSTa evaM vikasita hai| anuyogadvArasUtra meM jisa tathya ko aneka udAharaNoM dvArA upasthita kiyA hai use vAtsyAyana ne saMkSepa meM eka-do paMktiyoM meM hI nibaddha kiyA hai| ataH bhASA vijJAna aura vikAsa siddhAnta kI dRSTi se anuyogadvAra kA anumAna-nirUpaNa vAtsyAyana ke anumAna-vyAkhyAna se prAcIna pratIta hotA hai| 3. avayava carcA anumAna ke avayavoM ke viSaya meM AgamoM meM to koI kathana upalabdha nahIM hotaa| kintu unake AdhAra se racita tattvArthasatra meM tattvArthasatrakAra ne avazya avayavoM kA nAmollekha kiye binA pakSa (pratijJA), hetu aura dRSTAnta ina tInoM ke dvArA mukta-jIva kA Urdhvagamana siddha kiyA hai, isase jJAta hotA hai ki Arambha meM jaina paramparA meM anumAna ke ukta tIna avayava mAnya rahe haiN| samantabhadra, pUjyapAda24 aura siddhasena25 ne bhI inhIM tIna avayavoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| bhadrabAhu ne dazavakAlikaniyukti meM anumAnavAkya ke do, tIna, pAMca, daza aura daza isa prakAra pAMca taraha se avayavoM kI carcA kI hai / pratIta hotA hai ki avayavoM kI yaha vibhinna saMkhyA vibhinna pratipAdyoM kI apekSA batalAI hai| jaina-nyAya meM anumAna-vimarza : DaoN0 darabArIlAla koThiyA | 55

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sAdhvIratnapuSpavatI abhinandana grantha ... IC ... dhyAtavya hai ki vAtsyAyana dvArA samAlocita tathA yuktidIpikAkAra dvArA vivecita jijJAsAdi dazAva yava bhadrabAhu ke dazAvayavoM se bhinna haiN| ullekhanIya hai ki bhadrabAha ne mAtra udAharaNa se bhI sAdhya siddhi hone kI bAta kahI hai jo kisI prAcIna paramparA kI pradarzaka hai / isa prakAra jainAgamoM meM hameM anumAna-mImAMsA ke puSkala bIja upalabdha hote haiN| yaha sahI hai ki unakA pratipAdana kevala niHzreyasAdhigama aura usameM upayogI tattvoM ke jJAna evaM vyavasthA ke lie hI kiyA gayA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki unameM nyAyadarzana kI taraha vAda, jalpa aura vitaNDApUrvaka pravRtta kathAoM, jAtiyoM, nigrahasthAnoM, chaloM aura hetvAvAsoM kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| 4. anumAna kA mUla-rUpa Agamottara kAla meM jaba jJAnamImAMsA aura pramANamImAMsA kA vikAsa Arambha huA to unake vikAsa ke sAtha anumAna kA bhI vikAsa hotA gyaa| Agama-varNita mati, zruta Adi pAMca jJAnoM ko pramANa kahane aura unheM pratyakSa tathA parokSa do bhedoM meM vibhakta karane vAle sarvaprathama AcArya gRddhapiccha29 haiM / unhoMne zAstra aura loka meM vyavahRta smRti, saMjJA, cintA aura abhinibodha ina cAra jJAnoM ko bhI eka sUtra dvArA parokSa-pramANa ke antargata samAviSTa karake pramANazAstra ke vikAsa kA sUtrapAta kiyA tathA unheM parokSa pramANa ke Aya prakAra matijJAna kA paryAya pratipAdana kiyaa| ina paryAyoM meM abhinibodha kA jisa krama se aura jisa sthAna para nirdeza huA hai usase jJAta hotA hai ki sUtrakAra ne use anumAna ke artha meM prayukta kiyA hai / spaSTa hai ki pUrva-pUrva ko pramANa aura uttara-uttara ko pramANa-phala batalAnA unheM abhISTa hai| mati (anubhava-dhAraNA) pUrvaka smRti, smRtipUrvaka saMjJA, saMjJA-pUrvaka cintA aura cintApUrvaka abhinibodha jJAna hotA hai, aisA sUtra se dhvanita hai| yaha cintApUrvaka hone vAlA abhinibodha anumAna ke atirikta anya nahIM hai| ataeva jaina paramparA meM anumAna kA mUlarUpa 'abhinibodha' aura pUrvokta 'hetavAda' meM usI prakAra samAhita hai jisa prakAra vaha vaidika paramparA meM 'vAkovAkyam' aura 'AnvIkSikI' meM niviSTa hai| upayukta mImAsA se do tathya prakaTa hote haiM / eka to yaha ki jainaparamparA meM IsvI pUrva zatAbdiyoM se hI anumAna ke prayoga, svarUpa aura bheda-prabhedoM kI samIkSA kI jAne lagI thI tathA usakA vyavahAra hetujanya jJAna ke artha meM hone lagA thaa| dUsarA yaha ki anumAna kA kSetra bahuta vistRta aura vyApaka thaa| smati, saMjJA aura cintA jinheM paravartI jaina tAkikoM ne parokSa pramANa ke antargata svatantra pramANoM kA rUpa pradAna kiyA hai, anumAna (aminibodha) meM hI sammilita the / vAdirAja ne pramANanirNaya meM sambhavataH aisI hI paramparA kA nirdeza kiyA hai jo unheM anumAna ke antargata svIkAra karatI thii| arthApatti, sambhava, abhAva jaise parokSa jJAnoM kA bhI iso meM samAveza kiyA gayA hai| 5. anumAna kA tArkika vikAsa ___ anumAna kA tArkika vikAsa svAmI samantabhadra se Arambha hotA hai| AptamImAMsA, yuktyanuzAsana aura svayambhUstotra meM unhoMne anumAna ke anekoM prayoga prastuta kiye haiM, jinameM unake upAdAnoM-sAdhya, sAdhana, pakSa, udAharaNa, avinAbhAva Adi kA nirdeza hai / siddhasena kA nyAyAvatAra nyAya (anumAna) kA avatAra hI hai / isameM anumAna kA svarUpa, usake svArtha-parArtha dvividha bheda, unake lakSaNa, pakSa kA svarUpa, pakSa prayoga para bala, hetu ke tathopapatti aura anyathAnupapatti dvividha prayogoM kA nirdeza, sAdharmya-vaidharma dRSTAntadvaya, antarvyApti ke dvArA hI sAdhyasiddhi hone para bhAra, hetu kA anyathAnupannatvalakSaNa, hetvAbhAsa aura dRSTAntabhAsa jaise anumAnopakaraNoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / akalaMka ke nyAya-vivecana ne to unheM akalaMka-nyAya' kA saMsthApaka eva pravartaka hI banA diyA hai / unake vizAla nyAya-prakaraNoM meM nyAyavinizcaya, pramANa-saMgraha, laghIyastraya aura siddhivinizcaya jaina pramANa-zAstra ke mUrdhanya graMthoM meM parigaNita haiN| 56 | caturtha khaNDa : jaina darzana, itihAsa aura sAhitya www.jainelibrat

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sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha || haribhadra ke zAstravArtAsamuccaya, anekAnta jayapatAkA Adi granthoM meM anumAna carcA nihita hai / vidyAnanda ne aSTasahasrI tattvArthazlokavAtika, pramANa-parIkSA, patraparIkSA jaise darzana evaM nyAya-prabandhoM ko racakara jaina nyAya vAGamaya ko samRddha kiyA hai / mANikyanandi kA parIkSAmukha, prabhAcandra kA prameyakamalamAtaNDa-nyAyakumudacandra-yugala, abhayadeva kI sanmatitarkaTIkA, devasUri kA pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra, anantavIrya kI siddhivinizcaya TIkA, vAdirAja kA nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, laghuanantavIrya kI prameyaratnamAlA, hemacandra kI pramANa mImAMsA, dharmabhUSaNa kI nyAyadIpikA aura yazovijaya kI jaina tarkabhASA jaina anumAna ke vivecaka pramANa grantha haiN| ___ saMkSipta anumAna-vivecana anumAna kA svarUpa vyAkaraNa ke anusAra 'anumAna' zabda kI niSpatti anumAna lyuTa se hotI hai / anu kA artha hai pazcAt aura mAna kA artha hai jJAna / ata: anumAna kA zAbdika artha hai pazcAdvartI jJAna / arthAt eka jJAna ke bAda hone vAlA uttaravartI jJAna anumAna hai| yahA~ 'eka jJAna' se kyA tAtparya hai? manISiyoM kA abhimata hai ki pratyakSa jJAna hI eka jJAna hai jisaka anantara anumAna kI utpatti yA pravRtti pAyI jAtI hai / gautama ne isI kAraNa anumAna kA 'tatpUrva kama 34 --pratyakSapUrvakam' kahA hai| vAtsyAyana35 kA bhI abhimata hai ki pratyakSa ke binA koI anumAna sambhava nahIM / ataH anumAna ke svarUpa-lAbha meM pratyakSa kA sahakAra pUrvakAraNa ka rUpa meM apekSita hotA hai| ataeva tarkazAstrI jJAta----pratyakSapratipanna artha se ajJAta-parokSa vastu ko jAnakArI anumAna dvArA karate haiM / 70 kabhI-kabhI anumAna kA AdhAra pratyakSa na rahane para Agama bhI hotA hai| udAharaNArtha, zAstroM dvArA AtmA kI sattA kA jJAna hone para hama yaha anumAna karate haiM ki 'AtmA zAzvata hai, kyoMki vaha sat hai|' isI kAraNa vAtsyAyana37 ne 'pratyakSAgamAzritamanumAnam' anumAna ko pratyakSa yA Agama para Azrita kahA hai / anumAna kA paryAya zabda anvIkSA38 bhI hai, jisakA zAbdika artha eka vastujJAna kI prApti ke pazcAt dUsarI vastu kA jJAna prApta karanA hai| yathA-dhUma kA jJAna prApta karane ke bAda agni kA jJAna karanA / upayukta udAharaNa meM dhUma dvArA vahni kA jJAna isI kAraNa hotA hai ki dhUma vahni kA sAdhana hai / dhUma ko agni kA sAdhana yA hetu mAnane kA bhI kAraNa yaha hai ki dhUma kA agni ke sAtha niyata sAhacarya sambandha avinAbhAva hai| jahA~ dhUma rahatA hai vahA~ agni avazya rahatI hai / isakA koI apavAda nahIM pAyA jAtA hai / tAtparya yaha ki eka avinAbhAvI vastu ke jJAna dvArA tatsambaddha itara vastu kA nizcaya karanA anumAna hai| anumAna ke aMga anumAna ke uparyukta svarUpa kA vizleSaNa karane para jJAta hotA hai ki dhUma se agni kA jJAna karane ke lie do tattva Avazyaka haiM-1. parvata meM dhUma kA rahanA aura 2. dhUma kA agni ke sAtha niyata sAhacarya sambandha honaa| prathama ko pakSadharmatA aura dvitIya ko vyApti kahA gayA hai| yahI do anumAna ke AdhAra athavA aga haiN| jisa vastu se jahA~ siddhi karanA hai usakA vahAM anivArya rUpa se pAyA jAnA pakSadharmatA hai| jaise dhUma se parvata meM agni kI siddhi karanA hai to dhUma kA parvata meM anivArya rUpa se pAyA jAnA Avazyaka hai / arthAt vyApya kA pakSa meM rahanA pakSadharmatA hai|42 tathA sAdhanarUpa vastu kA sAdhyarUpa vastu ke sAtha hI sarvadA pAyA jAnA vyApti hai| jaise dhUma agni ke hone para hI pAyA jAtA hai-isake abhAva meM nahIM, ataH dhUma kI vahni ke sAtha vyApti hai / pakSadharmamatA aura vyApti donoM anumAna ke AdhAra haiM / pakSadharmatA kA jJAna hue binA anumAna kA udbhava sambhava nahIM hai| udAharaNArtha-parvata meM dhUma kI vRttitA kA jJAna na hone para vahA~ usase agni kA anumAna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / ataH pakSadharmatA kA jJAna Avazyaka hai / isI prakAra vyApti kA jJAna bhI anumAna ke lie paramAvazyaka hai| yataH parvata meM dharmadarzana ke anantara bhI taba taka anumAna kI pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI, jaba taka dhUma kA agni ke sAtha anivArya sambandha sthApita na ho jaae| jaina-nyAya meM anumAna-vimarza : DaoN0 darabArIlAla koThiyA | 57

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sAdhvIratnapuSpavatI abhinandana grantha isa anivArya sambandha kA nAma hI niyata sAhacarya sambandha yA vyApti hai|43 isake abhAva meM anumAna kI utpatti meM dhUma-jJAna kA kucha bhI mahatva nahIM hai| kintu vyApti-jJAna ke hone para anumAna ke lie ukta dhUma jJAna mahatvapUrNa bana jAtA hai aura vaha agnijJAna ko utpanna kara detA hai| ataH anumAna ke lie pakSadharmatA aura vyApti ina donoM ke saMyukta jJAna kI AvazyakatA hai| smaraNa rahe ki jaina tAkikoM ne vyApti jJAna ko hI anumAna ke lie Avazyaka mAnA hai, pakSadharmatA ke jJAna ko nahIM kyoMki apakSadharma kRttikodaya Adi hetuoM se bhI anumAna hotA hai / (ka) pakSadharmatA jisa pakSadharmatA kA anumAna ke Avazyaka aMga ke rUpa meM Upara nirdeza kiyA gayA hai usakA vyavahAra nyAyazAstra meM kaba se Arambha huA, isakA yahA~ aitihAsika vimarza kiyA jAtA hai| kaNAda ke vaizeSikasUtra aura akSapAda ke nyAyasUtra meM na pakSa zabda milatA hai aura na pakSadharmatA zabda / nyAyasUtra45 meM sAdhya aura pratijJA zabdoM kA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai, jinakA nyAyabhASyakAra46 ne prajJApanIya dharma se viziSTa dharma artha prastuta kiyA hai aura jise pakSa kA pratinidhi kahA jA sakatA hai, para pakSa zabda prayukta nahIM hai| prazastapAdabhASya'7 meM yadyapi nyAyabhASyakAra kI taraha dharmoM aura nyAyasUtra kI taraha pratijJA donoM zabda ekatra upalabdha haiN| tathA liMga ko trirUpa batalA kara una tInoM rUpoM kA pratipAdana kAzyapa ke nAma se do kArikAeM uddhata karake kiyA hai| 8 kintu una tIna rUpoM meM bhI pakSa aura pakSadharmatA zabdoM kA prayoga nahIM hai / 49 hA~, 'anumeya sambaddha liMga' zabda avazya pakSadharmatA kA bodhaka hai / para 'pakSadharma' zabda svayaM upalabdha nahIM hai| pakSa aura pakSadharmatA zabdoM kA spaSTa prayoga sarvaprathama sambhavataH bauddha tAkika zakarasvAmI ke nyAyapraveza meM huA hai / isameM pakSa, sapakSa, vipakSa, pakSavacana,pakSadhama,pakSadharmavacana aura pakSadharmatva ye sabhI zabda prayukta hue haiN| sAtha meM unakA svarUpa-vivecana bhI kiyA hai / jo dharmoM ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai vaha pakSa hai / 'zabda anitya hai' aisA prayoga pakSavacana hai| 'kyoMki vaha kRtaka hai' aisA vacana 'pakSadharma' (hetu) vacana hai / 'jo kRtaka hotA hai vaha anitya hotA hai, yathA ghaTAdi' isa prakAra kA vacana 'sapakSAnugama (sapakSasatva) vacana hai| jo nitya hotA hai vaha aba taka dekhA gayA hai, yathA AkAza' yaha 'vyatireka (vipakSAsatva) vacana hai| isa prakAra hetu ko trirUpa pratipAdana karake usake tInoM rUpoM kA bhI spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai| ve tIna rUpa haiM-1. pakSadharmatva, 2. sapakSasatva aura 3. vipakSAsatva / dhyAna rahe, yahA~ 'pakSadharmatva' pakSadharmatA ke lie hI AyA hai| prazastapAda ne jisa tathya ko 'anumeyasambaddhatva' zabda se prakaTa kiyA hai use nyAyapravezakAra ne 'pakSadharmatva' zabda dvArA batalAyA hai / tAtparya yaha ki prazastapAda ke mata se hetu ke tIna rUpoM meM parigaNita prathama rUpa 'anumeyasambaddhatva' hai aura nyAyapraveza ke anusAra 'pakSadharmatva' / donoM meM kevala zabdabheda hai, arthabheda nhiiN| uttarakAla meM to prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya tAkikoM ke dvArA tIna rUpoM athavA pAMca rUpoM ke antargata pakSadharmatva kA bodhaka pakSadharmatva yA pakSa dharmatA pada hI abhipreta huA hai / udyotakara 1, vAcaspati 52, udayana53, gaMgeza,54 kezava prabhati vaidika naiyAyikoM tathA dharmakIti, dharmottara67, arcaTa58 Adi bauddhatAkikoM ne apane granthoM meM usakA pratipAdana kiyA hai / para jaina naiyAyikoM ne pakSadharmatA para utanA bala nahIM diyA, jitanA vyApti para diyA hai| siddhasena69, akalaMka 61, vidyAnanda, vAdIbhasiMha Adi ne to use anAvazyaka evaM vyartha bhI batalAyA hai| unakA mantavya hai ki 'kala sUrya kA udaya hogA, kyoMki vaha Aja udaya ho rahA hai, 'kala zanivAra hogA, kyoMki Aja zukravAra hai,' 'Upara deza meM vRSTi huI hai, kyoki adhodeza me pravAha dRSTigocara ho rahA hai, 'advaitavAdI ko bhI pramANa iSTa haiM, kyoMki iSTa kA sAdhana aura aniSTa kA dUSaNa anyathA nahIM ho sakatA' jaise pracara hetu pakSadharmatA ke abhAva meM bhI mAtra antarvyApti ke bala para sAdhya ke anumApaka haiN| (kha) vyApti anumAna kA sabase adhika mahatvapUrNa aura anivArya aMga vyApti hai / isake hone para hI sAdhana sAdhya kA 58 | caturtha khaNDa : jaina darzana, itihAsa aura sAhitya mA. ........: AMAtional H .Di. .

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i lApAranapu0pavatA Amanandanantha iiiiiiiii gamaka hotA hai, usake abhAva meM nahIM / ataeva isakA dUsarA nAma 'avinAbhAva' bhI hai / dekhanA hai ki ina donoM zabdoM kA prayoga kaba se Arambha huA hai| akSapAda ke nyAyasUtra aura vAtsyAyana ke nyAyabhASya meM na vyApti zabda upalabdha hotA hai aura na avinAbhAva / nyAyabhASya 7 meM mAtra itanA milatA hai ki liMga aura liMgI meM sambandha hotA hai athavA ve sambaddha hote haiM / para vaha sambandha vyApti athavA avinAbhAva hai, isakA vahAM koI nirdeza nahIM hai / gautama ke hetu lakSaNa-pradarzaka sUtroM se bhI kevala yahI jJAta hotA hai ki hetu vaha hai jo udAharaNa ke sAdharmya athavA vaidhayaM se sAdhya kA sAdhana kare / tAtparya yaha ki hetu ko pakSa meM rahane ke atirikta sapakSa meM vidyamAna aura vipakSa se vyAvRtta honA cAhie, itanA hI artha hetulakSaNa sUtroM meM dhvanita hotA hai, hetu ko vyApta (vyAtiviziSTa yA avinAbhAvI) bhI honA cAhie, isakA unase koI saMketa nahIM milatA hai| udyotakara ke nyAyavArtika meM avinAbhAva aura vyApti donoM zabda prApta haiN| para udyotakara ne unheM paramata ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai tathA unakI AlocanA bhI kI hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki nyAyavAtikakAra ko bhI nyAyasUtrakAra aura nyAyabhASyakAra kI taraha avinAbhAva aura vyApti donoM amAnya haiM / ullekhya hai ki udyotakara avinAbhAva aura vyApti kI AlocanA (nyAyavA0 1/1/5, pRSTha 54, 55) kara to gaye / para svakIya siddhAnta kI vyavasthA meM unakA upayoga unhoMne asandigdha rUpa meM kiyA hai| 70 unake paravartI vAcaspati mizra ne avinAbhAva ko heta ke pAMca rUpoM meM samApta kaha kara usake dvArA hI samasta hetu rUpoM kA saMgraha kiyA hai| kintu unhoMne bhI apane kacana ko paramparA-virodhI samajha kara avinAmAva kA parityAga kara diyA hai aura udyotakara ke abhiprAyAnusAra pakSadharmatvAdi pAMca heturUpoM ko hI mahatva diyA hai, avinAbhAva ko nahIM / jayanta bhaTTa ne avinAbhAva ko svIkAra karate hue bhI use pakSadharmatvAdi pAMca rUpoM meM samApta batalAyA hai| isa prakAra vAcaspati mizra aura jayanta bhaTTa ke dvArA jaba spaSTatayA avinAbhAva aura vyApti kA praveza nyAyaparamparA meM ho gayA to uttaravartI nyAyagranthakAroM ne unheM apanA liyA aura unakI vyAkhyAe~ Arambha kara diiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki bauddha tAkikoM dvArA mukhyatayA prayukta anantarIyaka (yA nAntarIyaka) tathA pratibandha aura jainatarkagranthakAroM dvArA pradhAnatayA prayoga meM Ane vAle avinAbhAva evaM vyApti jaise zabda udyotakara ke bAda nyAyadarzana meM samAviSTa ho gaye evaM unheM eka-dUsare kA paryAya mAnA jAne lgaa| jayanta bhaTTa ne avinAbhAva kA spaSTIkaraNa karane ke lie vyApti, niyama, pratibandha aura sAdhyAvinAbhAvitva ko usI kA paryAya batalAyA hai| vAcaspati mizra kahate haiM ki hetu kA koI bhI sambandha ho use svAbhAvika evaM niyata honA cAhie aura svAbhAvika kA artha ve upAdhirahita batalAte haiN| isa prakAra kA hetu hI gamaka hotA hai aura dUsarA sambandhI (sAdhya) gamya / tAtparya yaha ki unakA avinAbhAva yA vyApti zabdoM para jora nahIM hai para udayana', kezava mizra, annambhaTTa', vizvanAtha paMcAnana 8 prabhRti naiyAyikoM ne vyApti zabda ko apanAkara usI kA vizeSa vyAkhyAna kiyA hai tathA pakSadharmatA ke sAtha use anumAna kA pramukha aMga batalAyA hai| gaMgeza aura unake anuvartI vartamAna upAdhyAya, pakSadhara mizra, vAsudeva mizra, raghunAtha ziromaNi, mathurAnAtha tarkavAgIza jagadIza tarkAlaMkAra, gadAdhara bhaTTAcArya Adi navya naiyAyikoM ne to vyApti para sarvAdhika cintana aura nibandhana bhI kiyA hai| gaMgeza ne tatvacintAmaNi meM anumAnalakSaNa8deg prastuta karake usake vyApti81 aura padAdharmatA donoM aMgoM kA navyapaddhati se vivecana kiyA hai| vaizeSika darzana meM prazastapAda ke bhASya83 meM avinAbhAva kA prayoga avazya upalabdha hotA hai aura unhoMne avinAbhUta liMga ko liMgI kA gamaka batalAyA hai| para vaha unheM vilakSaNarUpa hI abhipreta hai|84 yahI kAraNa hai ki TippaNakAra ne avinAbhAva kA artha 'vyApti' evaM 'avyabhicarita sambandha de karake bhI zaMkara mizra dvArA kiye gaye avinAbhAva ke khaNDana se sahamati prakaTa kI hai aura 'vastutastvanopAdhikasambandha evaM vyApti:88 isa udayanokta87 vyApti lakSaNa ko hI mAnya kiyA hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki avinAbhAva kI mAnyatA vaizeSika darzana kI bhI svopajJa evaM maulika nahIM hai| jaina-nyAya meM anumAna-vimarza : DaoN. darabArIlAla koThiyA| 56

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sAdhvAratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha mImAMsAdarzana meM kumArila ke para unake pUrva na jaiminisUtra meM ve haiM aura na zAvarabhASya meM mImAMsAzlokavArtika 88 meM vyApti aura avinAbhAva donoM zabda milate haiM / bauddha tArkika zaMkarasvAmI ke nyAyapraveza 8 me bhI avinAbhAva aura vyApti zabda nahIM hai para unake artha kA vodhaka nAntarIyaka (anantarIyaka) zabda pAyA jAtA hai / dharmakIrti", dharmottara, acaMTa " Adi bauddha naiyAyikoM ne avazya pratibandha aura nAntarIyaka zabdoM ke sAtha ina donoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| inake pazcAt to ukta zabda bauddha tarkagranthoM meM bahulatA se upalabdha hai| prazna aura samAdhAna 3 kiyA jAna par3atA hai| prazastapAda kI taraha unhoMne use paramparA meM hetulakSaNarUpa meM hI pratiSThita ho gyaa| -96 taba prazna hai ki avinAbhAva aura vyApti kA mUla udbhava sthAna kyA hai ? anusandhAna karane para jJAta hotA hai ki prazastapAda aura kumArila se pUrva jaina tAvika samantabhadra ne jinakA samaya " vikrama kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatI mAnA jAtA hai astitva ko nAstitva kA aura nAstitva ko astitva kA avinAbhAvI batalAte hue avinAbhAva zabda kA vyavahAra kiyA hai| eka dUsare sthala para bhI unhoMne use spaSTa svIkAra kiyA hai aura isa prakAra adhinAbhAva kA nirdeza mAnyatA ke rUpa meM sarvaprathama samantabhadra ne trilakSaNarUpa svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| unake pazcAt to vaha jaina pUjyapAda 6 ne, jinakA astitva samaya IsA kI pAMcavI zatAbdI hai, avinAbhAva aura vyApti donoM zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| siddhamena97, pAtrasvAmI kumAranandi, akalaMka 200, mANikyanandi Adi jaina tarka- dhanyakAroM ne avinAbhAva vyApti aura anvayAnupapatti yA anyathAnupapannatva tInoM kA vyavahAra paryAyazabdoM ke rUpa meM kiyA hai jo (sAdhana) jisa (sAdhya) ke binA utpanna na ho use anyathAnupapanna kahA gayA hai 13 asambhava nahIM ki zAvarabhASyagata arthApattyApaka anyathAnupapadyamAna aura prabhAkara kI bRhatI 104 meM usake lie prayukta anyathAnupapatti zabda arthApatti aura anumAna ko abhinna mAnane vAle jaina tArkikoM se apanAye gaye hoM, kyoMki ye zabda jaina nyAyagranthoM meM adhika pracalita evaM prayukta milate haiM aura zAntarakSita 105 Adi prAcIna tArkikoM ne unheM pAtrasvAmI kA mata kahakara uddhRta tathA samAlocita kiyA hai / ataH usakA udgama jaina tarkagranthoM se bahuta kucha sambhava hai / J prastuta anuzolana se hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki nyAya, vaizeSika aura bauddha darzana meM Arambha meM pakSadharmatA (sapakSasatva aura vipakSavyAvRtti sahita) ko tathA madhyakAla aura navyayuga meM padmadharmatA aura vyApti donoM ko anumAna kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai para jaina tArkikoM ne Arambha se anta taka pakSadharmatA ( anya donoM rUpoM sahita ) ko anAvazyaka tathA ekamAtra vyApti (avinAbhAva, anyathAnupapannatva) ko anumAna kA aparihArya aMza batalAyA hai| anumAna-bheda 6 prazna hai ki anumAna kitane prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai ? adhyayana karane para pratIta hotA hai ki sarvaprathama kaNAda 10 ne anumAna ke prakAroM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| unhoMne isakI spaSTataH saMkhyA kA to ullekha nahIM kiyA, kintu usake prakAroM ko ginAyA hai / unake parigaNita prakAra nimna haiM- (1) kArya, (2) kAraNa, (3) saMyoga, (4) virodha aura (5) samavAyi / yataH hetu ke pAMca bheda haiM, ataH unase utpanna anumAna bhI pA~ca haiM / 1 nyAyasUtra 107 upAyahRdaya 108 caraka 100 sAMkhyakArikA 11 aura anuyogadvArasUtra 211 meM anumAna ke pUrvollikhita pUrvavat Adi tIna bheda batAye haiM / vizeSa yaha ki caraka meM tritvasaMkhyA kA ullekha hai, unake nAma nahIM diye / sAMkhyakArikA meM bhI vividhatva kA nirdeza hai aura kevala tIsare sAmAnyatodRSTa kA nAma hai / kintu mAThara tathA dIpikAkAra 214 ne tInoM ke nAma diye haiM aura ve uparyukta hI haiN| anuyogadvAra meM prathama do bheda to vahI haiM, para tIsare kA nAma sAmAnyatodRSTa na hokara dRSTasAdharmyavat nAma hai / 60 | caturtha khaNDa : jaina darzana, itihAsa aura sAhitya www.jainerse

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sAdhvAratna puSpavatA Abhinandana grantha isa vivecana se jJAta hotA hai ki tArkikoM ne usa prAcIna kAla meM kaNAda kI paMcavidha anumAna paramparA ko nahIM apanAyA, kintu pUrvavadAdi vividha anumAna kI paramparA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| isa paramparA kA mUla kyA hai ? nyAyasUtra hai yA anuyogadvArasUtra Adi meM se koI eka ? isa sambandha meM nirNayapUrvaka kahanA kaThina hai para itanA avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki usa samaya pUrvAgata trividha anumAna kI koI sAmAnya paramparA rahI hai jo anumAnacarcA meM vartamAna thI aura jisake svIkArane meM kisI ko sambhavataH vivAda nahIM thaa| 1 6 para uttarakAla meM yaha trivi anumAna paramparA bhI sarvamAnya nahIM raha sakI prazastapAda ne do taraha se anumAna bheva batalAye haiM- 1. dRSTa aura 2. sAmAnyatodRSTa athavA 1. svanizcitArthAnumAna aura 2 parArthAnumAna mImAMsAdarzana meM zabara 11 ne prazastapAda ke prathamokta anumAna dvaM vidhya ko hI kucha parivartana ke sAtha svIkAra kiyA hai - 1. pratyakSato dRSTa sambandha aura 2. sAmAnyatodRSTa sambandha | sAMkhyadarzana meM vAcaspati 17 ke anusAra vIta aura kavIta ye do bheda bhI mAna liye hai| bItAnumAna ko unhoMne pUrvavat aura sAmAnyatodRSTa dvividharUpa aura avItAnumAna ko zeSavaturUpa mAnakara ukta anumAnatraividhya ke sAtha samanvaya bhI kiyA hai| dhyAtavya hai ki sAMkhyoM kI saptavidha anumAna mAnyatA kA bhI ullekha udyotakara 118, vAcaspati 119 aura prabhASandra 120 ne kiyA hai| para vaha hameM sAMkhyadarzana ke upalabdha granthoM meM prApta nahIM ho sakI / prabhAcandra ne to pratyeka kA svarUpa aura udAharaNa dekara unheM spaSTa bhI kiyA hai| Age calakara jo sarvAdhika anumAnabheda-paramparA pratiSThita huI vaha hai prazastapAda kI ukta 1. svArtha aura 2. parArtha bheda vAlI paramparA | udyotakara 121 ne pUrvavadAdi anumAnatraividhya kI taraha kevalAnvayI, kevalavyatirekI aura anvayavyatirekI ina tIna naye hanumAna bhedoM kA bhI pradarzana kiyA hai / kintu unhoMne aura unake uttaravartI vAcaspati taka ke oiN ne prazastapAdanirdiSTa ukta svArthaparArtha ke anumAna- vizva ko aMgIkAra nahIM kiyaa| para jayanta bhaTU 11 aura unake pazcAtvartI kezava mizra Adi ne ukta anumAna vidhya ko mAna liyA hai| bauddha darzana meM nAga se pUrva ukta viSya kI paramparA nahIM dekhI jAtI hai parantu dinA ne usakA 1124 pratipAdana kiyA hai / unake pazcAt to dharmakIrti 125 Adi ne isI kA nirUpaNa evaM vizeSa vyAkhyAna kiyA hai / anumAnaviya ko aMgIkAra kiyA hai aura anuyogadvArAdiprati jaina tArkikoM 120 ne isI svArtha pAdita anumAnaviya ko sthAna nahIM diyA, pratyuta usakI samIkSA kI hai isa prakAra anumAna-bhedoM ke viSaya meM bhAratIya tArkikoM kI vibhinna mAnyatAyeM tarkagranthoM meM upalabdha hotI haiN| tathya yaha ki kaNAda jahA~ sAdhanabheda se anumAnabheda kA nirUpaNa karate haiM vahAM nyAyasUtra Adi meM viSayabheda tathA prazastapAdabhASya Adi meM pratipattAbheda se anumAna-bheda kA pratipAdana jJAta hotA hai sAdhana aneka ho sakate haiM, jaisA ki prazastapAda ne kahA hai, ataH anumAna ke bhedoM kI saMkhyA pAMca se adhika bhI ho sakatI hai| nyAyasUcakAra Adi kI dRSTi meM cUMki anumeya yA to kArya hogA, yA kAraNa yA akaarykaarnn| ataH anumeva ke vidhya se anumAna trividha hai prazastapAda dvividha pratipatAoM kI dvividha pratipattiyoM kI dRSTi se anumAna ke svAyaM aura parArtha do hI bheda mAnate haiM, jo buddhi ko lagatA hai, kyoMki anumAna eka prakAra kI pratipatti hai aura vaha sva tathA para do ke dvArA kI jI jAtI hai| sambhavata: isI se uttarakAla me anumAna kA svAyaM parArtha viSaya sarvAdhika pratiSThita aura loka priya huaa| anumAnAvayava anumAna ke tIna upAdAna hai 129, jinase vaha niSpanna hotA hai--1. sAdhana, 2. sAdhya aura 3. dharmI / 1. pakSa aura 2. hetu ye do usake aMga haiM, kyoMki sAdhyadharma viziSTa dharmoM ko pakSa kahA gayA hai, ataH pakSa ko kahane se dharma aura dharmI donoM kA grahaNa ho jAtA hai / sAdhana gamaka rUpa se upAdAna hai, sAdhya gamyarUpa se aura 130 athavA jaina-nyAya meM anumAna vimarza DaoN0 darabArIlAla koThiyA | 61 www.a

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sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha ..... iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii dharmI sAdhyadharma ke AdhAra rUpa se, kyoMki kisI AdhAra-vizeSa meM sAdhya kI siddhi karanA anumAna kA prayojana hai| 2. saca yaha hai ki kevala dharma kI siddhi karanA anumAna kA dhyeya nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha vyApti-nizcayakAla meM hI avagata ho / jAtA hai aura na kevala dharmo kI siddhi anumAna ke lie apekSita hai, kyoMki vaha siddha rahatA hai / kintu 'parvata agnivAlA hai' isa prakAra parvata meM rahane vAlI agni kA jJAna karanA anumAna kA lakSya hai / ataH dharmI bhI sAdhyadharma ke AdhAra rUpa se anumAna kA aMga hai / isa taraha sAdhana, sAdhya aura dharmI ye tIna athavA pakSa aura hetu ye do svArthAnamAna tathA parArthAnumAna donoM ke aMga haiM / kucha anumAna aise bhI hote haiM jahA~ dharmI nahIM hotaa| jaise-somavAra se maMgala kA anumAna Adi / aise anumAnoM meM sAdhana aura sAdhya do hI aga haiM / uparyukta aMga svArthAnumAna aura jJAnAtmaka parArthAnumAna ke kahe gaye haiN| kintu vacanaprayoga dvArA prativAdiyoM yA pratipAdyoM ko abhidheya pratipatti karAnA jaba abhipreta hotA hai taba vaha vacanaprayoga parArthAnumAna-vAkya ke nAma se abhihita hotA hai aura usake niSpAdaka aMgoM ko avayava kahA gayA hai / parArthAnumAnavAkya ke kitane avayava hone cAhie, isa sambandha meM tAkikoM ke vibhinna mata haiN| nyAyasUtrakAra kA mata hai ki parArthAnumAnavAkya ke pAMca avayava haiM1. pratijJA, 2. hetu, 3. udAharaNa, 4. upanaya aura 5. nigmn| bhASyakAra132 ne sUtrakAra ke ukta mata kA na kevala samarthana hI kiyA hai, apitu apane kAla meM pracalita dazAvayava mAnyatA kA nirAsa bhI kiyA hai| ve dazAvayava haiMukta pA~ca tathA 6. jijJAsA, 7. saMzaya, 8. zakyaprApti, 6. prayojana aura 10. saMzayavyudAsa / yahA~ prazna hai ki ye daza avayava kinake dvArA mAne gaye haiM ? bhASyakAra ne unheM 'dazAvayavAneke nayAyikA vAkye saMcakSate'138 zabdoM dvArA "kinhIM naiyAyikoM' kI mAnyatA batalAI hai| para mUla prazna asamAdheya hI rahatA hai| hamArA anumAna hai ki bhASyakAra ko 'eke naiyAyikAH' pada se prAcIna sAMkhyavidvAna yuktidIpikAkAra abhipreta haiM, kyoMki yuktidIpikA134 meM ukta dazAvayavoM kA na kevala nirdeza hai kintu svamatarUpa meM unakA vizada evaM vistRta vyAkhyAna bhI hai / yuktidIpikAkAra una avayavoM ko batalAte hue pratipAdana karate haiM135 ki "jijJAsA, saMzaya, prayojana, zakyaprApti aura saMzayavyudAsa ye pA~ca avayava vyAkhyAMga haiM tathA pratijJA, hetu, dRSTAnta, upasaMhAra aura nigamana ye pAMca parapratipAdanAMga / tAtparya yaha hai ki abhidheya kA pratipAdana dUsare ke lie pratijJAdi dvArA hotA hai aura vyAkhyA jijJAsAdi dvArA / punarukti, vaiyarya Adi doSoM kA nirAsa karate hue yuktidIpikA meM kahA meM kahA gayA hai138 ki vijJAnasaba ke anugraha ke lie jijJAsAdi kA abhidhAna karate haiN| ataH vyutpAdya aneka taraha ke hote haiM-sandigdha, viparyasta aura avyutpanna / ataH ina sabhI ke lie santoM kA prayAsa hotA hai / dUsare, yadi vAdI prativAdI se prazna kare ki kyA jAnanA cAhate ho? to usake lie jijJAsAdi avayavoM kA vacana Avazyaka hai| kintu prazna na kare to usake lie ve nahIM bhI kahe jAeM / anta meM niSkarSa nikAlate hue yuktidIpikAkAra 137 kahate haiM ki isI se hamane jo vItAnamAna ke dazAvayava kahe ve sarvathA ucita haiN| AcArya 188 (IzvarakRSNa) unake prayoga ko nyAyasaMgata mAnate haiM / isase avagata hotA hai ki dazAvayava kI mAnyatA yuktidIpikAkAra kI rahI hai / yaha bhI sambhava hai ki IzvarakRSNa yA unase pUrva kisI sAMkhya vidvAn ne dazAvayavoM ko mAnA ho aura yuktidIpikAkAra ne usakA samarthana kiyA ho| jaina vidvAn bhadrabAhu139 ne bhI dazAvayavoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / kintu unake ve dazAvayava uparyukta dazAvayavoM se kucha bhinna haiN| prazastapAda40 ne pAMca avayava mAne haiN| para unake avayava-nAmoM aura nyAyasUtrakAra ke avayavanAmoM meM kucha antara hai / pratijJA ke sthAna meM to pratijJA nAma hI hai / kintu hetu ke lie apadeza, dRSTAnta ke lie nidarzana, upanaya ke | sthAna meM anusandhAna aura nigamana kI jagaha pratyAmnAya nAma diye haiM / yahA~ prazastapAda kI eka vizeSatA ullekhanIya hai| nyAyasUtrakAra ne jahA~ pratijJA kA lakSaNa 'sAdhyanirdezaH pratijJA' yaha kiyA hai vahAM prazastapAdane 'anumeyo zo'virodhI 2 | caturtha khaNDa : jaina darzana, itihAsa aura sAhitya teNerasdonal www.jainelibraram

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sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha pratijJA' yaha kahakara usameM 'avirodhI' pada ke dvArA pratyakSa-viruddha Adi pAMca viruddhasAdhyoM (sAdhyAbhAsoM) kA bhI nirAsa kiyA hai / nyAyapravezakAra149 ne bhI prazastapAda kA anusaraNa karate hue svakIya pakSalakSaNa meM 'avirodha' jaisA hI 'pratyakSAdyaviruddha' vizeSaNa kiyA hai aura usake dvArA pratyakSaviruddhAdi sAdhyAbhAsoM kA parihAra kiyA hai| nyAyapraveza143 aura mATharavRtti144 meM pakSa, hetu aura dRSTAnta ye tIna avayava svIkRta haiN| dharmakIrti145 ne ukta tIna avayavoM meM se pakSa ko nikAla diyA hai aura hetu tathA dRSTAnta ye do avayava mAne haiN| nyAyabindu aura pramANabArtika meM unhoMne kevala hetu ko hI anumAnAvayava mAnA hai146 / mImAMsaka vidvAn zAlikAnAtha ne prakaraNapaMcikA meM, nArAyaNa bhaTTa48 ne mAnameyodaya meM aura pArthasArathi149 ne nyAyaratnAkara meM pratijJA, hetu aura dRSTAnta ina tIna avayavoM ke prayoga ko pratipAdita kiyA hai| jaina tAkika samantabhadra kA saMketa tattvArthasUtrakAra ke abhiprAyAnusAra pakSa, hetu aura dRSTAnta ina tIna avayavoM ko mAnane kI ora pratIta hotA hai| unhoMne AptamImAMsA (kA06, 17, 18, 27 Adi) meM ukta tIna avayavoM se sAdhya-siddhi prastuta kI hai| siddhasena 160 ne bhI ukta tIna avayavoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| para akalaMka161 aura unake anuvartI vidyAnanda, mANikyanandi ,devasUri54, hemacandra15", dharmabhUSaNa , yazovijaya 57 Adi ne pakSa aura hetu ye do hI avayava svIkAra kiye haiM aura dRSTAntAdi anya avayavoM kA nirAsa kiyA hai| devasUri158 ne atyanta vyutpanna kI apekSA mAtra hetu ke prayoga ko bhI mAnya kiyA hai / para sAtha hI ve yaha bhI batalAte haiM ki bahulatA ke eka mAtra hetu kA prayoga na hone se use satra meM grathita nahIM kiyaa| smaraNa rahe ki jaina-nyAya meM ukta do avayavoM kA prayoga vyutpanna pratipAdya kI dRSTi se abhihita hai kintu avyutpanna pratipAdyoM kI apekSA se to dRSTAntAdi anya avayaboM kA bhI prayoga svIkRta hai159 | devasari180, hemacandra,181 aura yazovijaya182 ne bhadrabAhakathita pakSAdi pA~ca zuddhiyoM ke bhI vAkya meM samAveza kA kathana kiyA aura unake dazAvayavoM kA samarthana kiyA hai| anumAna-doSa anamAna-nirUpaNa ke sandarbha meM bhAratIya tAkikoM ne anamAna ke sambhava doSoM para bhI vicAra kiyA hai| yaha vicAra isalie Avazyaka rahA hai ki usase yaha jAnanA zakya hai ki prayukta anumAna sadoSa hai yA nirdoSa ? kyoMki jaba taka kisI doSa ke prAmANya yA aprAmANya kA nizcaya nahIM hotA taba taka vaha jJAna abhipreta artha kI siddhi yA asiddhi nahIM kara sktaa| isI se yaha kahA gayA hai163 ki pramANa se artha saMsiddhi hotI hai aura pramANAbhAsa se nahIM / aura yaha prakaTa hai ki prAmANya kA kAraNa guNa hai aura aprAmANya kA kAraNa doSa / ataeva anumAnaprAmANya ke hetu usakI nirdoSatA kA patA lagAnA bahuta Avazyaka hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki tarka-granthoM meM pramANa-nirUpaNa ke pariprekSya meM pramANA: bhAsa nirUpaNa bhI pAyA jAtA hai| nyAyasatra164 meM pramANaparIkSA prakaraNa meM anumAna kI parIkSA karate hue usameM doSAMza kA aura usakA nirAsa kiyA gayA hai / vAtsyAyana186 ne ananumAna (anumAnAbhAsa) ko anumAna samajhane kI carcA dvArA spaSTa batalAyA hai ki dUSitAnumAna bhI sambhava hai / aba dekhanA hai ki anumAna meM kyA doSa ho sakate haiM aura ve kitane prakAra ke sambhava haiM ? spaSTa hai ki anumAna kA gaThana mukhyatayA do aMgoM para nirbhara hai-1 sAdhana aura 2 sAdhya (pkss)| ataeva doSa bhI sAdhanagata aura sAdhyagata do hI prakAra ke ho sakate haiM aura unheM kramazaH sAdhanAbhAsa tathA sAdhyAbhAsa (pakSAbhAsa) nAma diyA jA sakatA hai / sAdhana anumAna-prAsAda kA vaha pradhAna evaM mahatvapUrNa stambha hai jisa para usakA bhavya bhavana nirmita hotA hai| yadi pradhAna stambha nirbala ho to prAsAda kisI bhI kSaNa kSatigrasta evaM dharAzAyI ho sakatA hai / sambhavataH isI se gautama166 ne sAdhyagata doSoM kA vicAra na kara mAtra sAdhanagata doSoM kA vicAra kiyA aura unheM avayavoM kI taraha solaha padArthoM ke antargata svatantra padArtha (hetvAbhAsa) kA sthAna pradAna kiyA hai / isase gautama kI dRSTi meM unakI anumAna meM pramukha jaina-nyAya meM anumAna-vimarza : DaoN0 darabArIlAla koThiyA | 63 17

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sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha pratibandhakatA prakaTa hotI hai| unhoMne 167 una sAdhanagata doSoM ko, jinheM hetvAbhAsa ke nAma se ullikhita kiyA gayA hai, pA~ca batalAyA hai / ve haiM - 1. savyabhicAra, 2. viruddha, 3. prakaraNasama, 4. sAdhyasama aura 5. kAlAtIta / hetvAbhAsoM kI pA~ca saMkhyA sambhavataH hetu ke pA~ca rUpoM ke abhAva para AdhArita jAna par3atI hai / yadyapi hetu ke pA~ca rUpoM kA nirdeza nyAyasUtra meM upalabdha nahIM hai para usake vyakhyakAra udyotakara prabhRti ne unakA ullekha kiyA hai| udyona kara 168 ne hetu kA prayojaka samasta rUpa sampatti ko aura hetvAbhAsa kA prayojaka asamatarUpasammati ko batalA kara una rUpoM kA saMketa kiyA hai / vAcaspa7i169 ne unakI spaSTa parigaNanA bhI kara dI hai| veva sarasatva, tripakSAsatva, adhiviSayatva aura asala ina hI sammana haiN| jayanta bhaTTa 170 ne to spaSTa likhA hai ki eka-eka rUpa ke abhAva meM pA~ca hetvAmAsa hota haiN| nyAyasUtra kAra ne eka-eka pRthak sUtra dvArA unakA nirUpaNa kiyA hai | vAsyAyana 171 ne hetvAbhAsa kA svarUpa dete hue likhA hai ki jo he kSaNa (pA) rahita hai parantu katipaya rUpoM ke rahane ke kAraNa hetu sAdRzya se hetu kI taraha AbhAsita hote haiM unheM ahetu arthAt hetvAbhAsa kahA gayA hai / sarvadeva ne bhI hetvAbhAsa kA yahI lakSaNa diyA hai| aprasiddha viruddha aura sandigdha ye tIna hevAmAsa pratipAdita kiye haiN| unake bhASyakAra prazasta pada 14 ne unakA samarthana kiyA hai| vizeSa yaha ki unhoMne kAzyapa kI do kArikAeM uddhata karake pahalI dvArA hetu ko trirUpa aura dUsarI dvArA una tIna rUpoM ke abhAva se niSpanna hone vAle ukta viruddha asiddha aura sandigdha tIna hetvAbhAsoM ko batAyA hai| prazastapAda kA eka vaiziSTya aura ullekhya hai| unhoMne nidarzana ke nirUpaNa sandarbha meM bAraha nidarzanAbhAsoM kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA hai, jabaki nyAyasUtra aura nyAyabhASya meM unakA koI nirdeza prApta nahIM hai / pAMca pratijJAbhAsoM (prakSAbhAsoM) kA bhI kathana prazastapAda 177 ne kiyA hai, jo bilakula nayA hai / sambhava hai, nyAyasUtra meM hetvAbhAsoM ke antargata jisa kAlAtIta (bAdhita viSaya kAlAtyayApadiSTa) kA nirdeza hai usake dvArA ina pratijJAbhAsoM kA saMgraha bhyAyasUtrakAra ko abhISTa ho / sarvadeva 178 ne chaha hetvAbhAsa batAye haiM / upAyahRdaya meM ATha hetvAbhAsoM kA nirUpaNa hai| inameM cAra (kAlAtIta, prakaraNasama, savyabhicAra aura viruddha) hetvAbhAsa nyAyasUtra jaise hI haiM tathA zeSa cAra (vAkchala, sAmAnyachala, saMzayasama aura varNyasama) naye haiM / inake atirikta isameM anya doSoM kA pratipAdana nahIM hai para nyAyapraveza 199 meM pakSAbhAsa, hetvAbhAsa aura haSTAntAbhAsa ina tIna prakAra ke anumAna doSoM kA kathana hai panAbhAsa ke nau hevAbhAsa ke tIna 182 aura iSTAntAbhAsa ke daza103 bhedoM kA sodAharaNa nirUpaNa hai| vizeSa yaha ki anekAntika hetvAbhAsa ke chaha bhedoM meM eka viruddhAvyabhicArI 194 kA bhI kathana upalabdha hotA hai, jo tAkikoM dvArA adhika carcita evaM samAlocita huA hai| nyAyapravezakAra ne dRSTAntAbhAsoM ke antargata umavAsiddha dRSTAntAbhAsa ko dvividha varNita kiyA hai aura jisase prazastapAda jaisI hI unake STAntAbhAsoM kI saMkhyA dvAdaza ho jAtI hai / para prazastapAdokta dvividha AzrayAsiddha unheM abhISTa nahIM hai / 185 daza kumArila 180 aura unake vyAkhyAkAra pArthasArabi197 ne mImAMsaka dRSTi se chaha pratijJAbhAsoM, tIna hetvAbhAsoM aura dRSTAntadoSoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| pratijJAbhAsoM meM pratyakSavirodha, anumAnavirodha aura zabdavirodha ye tIna prAyaH prazastapAda tathA nyAyapravezakAra kI taraha hI haiN| hA~, zabdavirodha ke pratijJAtavirodha, lokaprasiddhivirodha aura pUrva saMjalpavirodha ye tIna bheda kiye haiM tathA arthApattivirodha, upamAnavirodha aura abhAvavirodha ye tIna bheda sarvathA naye haiM, jo unake matAnurUpa haiN| vizeSa 88 yaha ki ina virodhoM ko dharma, dharmI aura ubhaya ke sAmAnya tathA vizeSa svarUpagata batalAyA gayA hai| trividha hetvAbhAsoM ke avAntara bhedoM kA bhI pradarzana kiyA hai aura nyAyapraveza kI bhA~ti kumArila 18 ne bhI mAnA hai / / sAMkhyadarzana meM yuktidIpikA Adi meM to anumAnadoSoM kA pratipAdana nahIM miltaa| kintu mAThara ne asiddhAdi caudaha hetvAbhAsoM tathA sAdhyavikalAdi daza sAdharmya baMdhayaM nidarzanAbhAsoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| nidarza 64 | caturtha khaNDa : jaina darzana, itihAsa aura sAhitya Betterpational www.jaineocac

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Jain sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha nAbhAsoM kA pratipAdana unhoMne prazastapAda ke anusAra kiyA hai / antara itanA hI hai ki mAThara ne prazastapAda ke bAraha nidarzanAbhAsoM meM daza ko svIkAra kiyA hai aura AzrayAsiddha nAmaka do sAdharmya - vaidharmya nidarzanAbhAsoM ko chor3a diyA hai| pakSAbhAsa bhI unhoMne nau nirdiSTa kiye haiM / jaina paramparA ke upalabdha nyAyapranthoM meM sarvaprathama nyAyAvatAra meM anupAna donoM kA spaSTa kathana prApta hotA hai / isameM pakSAdi tIna ke vacana ko parArthAnumAna kahakara usake doSa bhI tIna prakAra ke batalAye haiM- 1. pakSAbhAsa, 2. hetvAbhAsa aura 3. dRSTAntAmAsa / pakSAbhAsa ke siddha aura bAdhita ye do 192 bheda dikhAkara bAdhita ke pratyakSabAdhita, anumAnabAdhita, lokabAdhita aura svavacanabAdhita - ye cAra 193 bheda ginAye haiM | asiddha, viruddha aura anaikAntika tIna 194 hetvAbhAsoM tathA chaha sAdharmya aura chaha 195 vaidharmya kula bAraha dRSTAntAbhAsoM kA bhI kathana kiyA hai / dhyAtavya hai ki sAdhyavikala, sAdhanavikala aura ubharyAvikala ye tIna sAdharmyadRSTAntAbhAsa tathA sAdhyAvyAvRtta, sAdhanAvyAvRtta aura ubhayAvyAvRtta ye tIna vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa to prazastapAdabhASya aura nyAyapraveza jaise hI haiM kintu sandigdhasAdhya, sandigdhasAdhana aura sandigdhobhaya ye tIna sAdharmya dRSTAnnAbhAsa tathA sandigdhasAdhyavyAvRtti, sandigdhasAdhanavyAvRtti aura sandigdhobhayavyAvRtti ye tIna vaidhamrmyadRSTAntAbhAsa na prazastapAdabhASya meM haiM 196 aura na nyAyapraveza 197 meM / prazastapAdabhASya meM AzrayAsiddha, ananugata aura viparItAnugata ye tIna sAdharmya tathA AzrayAsiddha, avyAvRtta aura binarItavyAvRtta ye tIna vaidhabhyaM nidarzanAbhAsa haiM / aura nyAyapraveza meM ananvaya tathA viparItAnvaya ye do sAdharmya aura avyatireka tathA viparItavyatireka ye do vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa upalabdha haiM / para hA~, dharmakIrti ke nyAyabindu 108 meM unakA pratipAdana milatA hai / dharmakIrti ne sandigdhasAdhyAdi ukta tIna sAdharmya - dRSTAntAbhAsoM aura sandigdhavyatirekAdi tIna vaidharmyadRSTAntAbhAsoM kA spaSTa nirUpaNa kiyA hai / isake atirikta dharmakIrti ne nyAyapravezagata ananvaya, viparItAnvaya, avyatireka aura viparItavyatireka ina cAra sAdharmya vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsoM ko apanAte hue apradarzitAnvaya aura apradarzitavyatireka ina do naye dRSTAntAbhAsoM at aura sammilita karake nava-nava sAdharmya - vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa pratipAdita kiye haiM / akalaMka 199 ne pakSAbhAsa ke ukta siddha aura bAdhita do bhedoM ke atirikta aniSTa nAmaka tIsarA pakSAbhAsa bhI varNita kiyA hai / jaba sAdhya zakya ( abAdhita), abhipreta (iSTa) aura asiddha hotA hai to usake doSa bhI bAdhita, aft aura siddha ye tIna kahe jaaeNge| hetvAbhAsoM ke sambandha meM unakA mata hai ki jaina- nyAya meM hetu na trirUpa hai aura na pA~ca rUpa; kintu ekamAtra anyathAnupapannatva (avinAbhAva ) rUpa hai / ata: usake abhAva meM hetvAbhAsa eka hI hai aura vaha hai akiMcitkara / asiddha, viruddha aura anaikAntika ye usI kA vistAra haiM / dRSTAnta ke viSaya meM unakI mAnyatA hai ki vaha sarvatra Avazyaka nahIM hai| jahA~ vaha Avazyaka hai vahA~ usakA aura sAdhyavikalAdi doSoM kA kathana kiyA jAnA yogya hai / mANikyanandi200, devasUri 201, hemacandra 202 Adi jaina tArkikoM ne prAyaH siddhasena aura akalaMka kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai / isa prakAra bhAratIya tarkagranthoM ke sAtha jaina tarkagranthoM meM bhI anumAnasvarUpa, anumAnabhedoM anumAnAMgoM, anumAnAvayavoM aura anumAnadoSoM para paryApta cintana upalabdha hai / sandarbha evaM sandarbha - sthala 1. heduvAdo NayavAdI pavaravAdI maggavAdo sudavAdo :- bhUtabali - puSpadanta, SaTkhaNDA0 5/5/51, zolApura saMskaraNa 1965 2. dRSTAgamabhyAmaviruddhamarthaprarUpaNaM yuktyanuzAsanaM te / --samantabhadra, yuktyanuzA 0 kA 0 48, vIra sevAmandira, dillI / jaina - nyAya meM anumAna - vimarza : DaoN0 darabArIlAla koThiyA | 65 www.jair

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HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHimAmAma sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha 3. athavA heU ca uvihe patte taM jahA-paccakkhe anumAne uvame Agame / athavA heU caumvihe pannatte taM jahA-asthi taM atyi so heU, asthi taM Natthi so heU, Natthi taM atthi so heU, Natthi ta Natthi so heU / -sthAnAMga sa0, pR0 309-310 4. hinoti paricchinnarthamiti hetuH / 5. dharmabhUSaNa, nyAyadI0, pR0 95-99 6. mANikyanandi, parIkSAmukha 3/57-58 7. tulanA kIjie (1) parvato yamagnimAn dhUmatvAnyathAnupapatteH-dharmabhUSaNa, nyAyadI0, pR0 95 / (2) yathA'smin prANini vyAdhivizeSo'sti nirAmayaceSTAnupalabdheH / (3) nAstyatra zItasparza auSaNyAt / (4) nAstyatra dhUmo nAgneH / -mANikyanandi, parIkSAmukha 3/87,76, 82 8. goyamA No tiNaThe smtthe| se ki taM pamANaM? pamANe cauvihe paNNatte / taM jahA-paccakkhe aNamANe ovamme jahA aNuogaddAre tahA yavvaM pamANaM / -bhagavatI0 5,3,191-92 9-10-11. aNumANe tivihe paNNatte / taM jahA--(1) puvvavaM, (2) sesava, (3) diTThasAhammavaM / se ki puvvavaM? putvavaM mAyA puttaM jahA naTuM juvANaM puNarAgayaM / kAI paccabhijANejjA pUvaliMgeNa kennii| taM jahA-khettaNa vA, vaNNeNa vA, laMchaNeNa vA, maseNa vA, tilaeNa vaa| se taM putvavaM / se ki ta sesavaM? sesavaM paMcavihaM paNNattaM / taM jahA--(1) kajjeNaM, (2) kAraNeNaM, (3) guNeNaM, (4) avayaveNaM, (5) AsaeNaM / -muni zrI kanhaiyAlAla, anuyogadvAra sUtra, mUlasuttANi, pR0 539 12. kajjeNaM-saMkhaM saheNaM, bheri tADieNaM, vasabhaM DhakkieNaM, moraM kiMkAieNaM, hayaM hesieNaM, gayaM gulagulAieNaM, rahaM ghaNaghaNAieNaM, se taM kajjeNaM / -anuyoga0 upakramAdhikAra, pramANadvAra, pR0 539 / 13. kAraNeNaM-taMtavo paDassa kAraNaM Na paDo taMtukAraNaM, vIraNA kaDassa kAraNaM Na kaDo vIraNAkAraNaM, mippiMDo ghaDassa __ kAraNaM Na ghaDo mippiMDakAraNaM, se taM kAraNeNaM / -vahI, pR0 540 14. guNeNaM-suvaNNaM nikaseNaM, puppha gaMdheNaM, lavaNaM raseNaM, mairaM AsAyaeNaM, vasthaM phAseNaM, se taM guNeNaM / -vahI, pR0 540 15. avayaveNaM-mahisa siMgeNaM, kukkuDaM sihAeNaM, hatthiM visAseNaM, varAiM dADhAeNaM, moraM piccheNaM, AsaM khureNaM, vagdhaM naheNaM. cari bAlaggeNaM. vANaraM laMgUleNaM, duppayaM maNussAdi, cauppayaM gavayAdi, bahapayaM gomi Adi. sIkesara vasahaM kaheNaM, mahilaM valayabAhAe, gAhA-pariara-baMdheNa bhaDaM jANijjA, mahiliyaM nivasaNaM, sittheNa doNapAgaM kavi ca ekkAe gAhAe, se taM avayaveNaM / -vahI, pR0 540 | 16. AsaeNaM-aggiM dhameNaM, salilaM balAgeNaM, vuTThi abbhavikAreNaM, kulaputtaM sIlasamAyAreNaM / se taM AsaeNaM / se taM sesavaM / -vahI, pR0 540-41 17. se ki taM disAhammavaM? diTThasAhammavaM duvihaM paNNattaM / ta jahA-sAmagnadiLaMca visesadiTaThaM ca / -vahI, pR0 541-42 18. tassa samAsao tivihaM gahaNaM bhvii| taM jahA-(1) atItakAlagahaNaM, (2) paDuppaNNaMkAlagahaNaM, (3) aNAgayakAlagahaNaM / -vahI, pR0 541-42 19. akSapAda, nyAyasU0, 1/1/5 20. upAyahRdaya, pR. 13 21. IzvarakRSNa, sAM0 kA.5,6 22. ta0 sU. 10/5,6,7 23. AptamImAMsA 5, 17, 18 tathA yuktyanu0 53 24. sa.si. 10/5,6,7 ST -1.. . ....... HIBI.. 66 | caturtha khaNDa : jaina darzana, itihAsa aura sAhitya

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sAdhvAratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha PREM 25. nyAyava0 13, 14, 17, 18, 19 __26. dazava0ni0 gA0, 49-137 27. prayogaparipATI tu pratipAdyAnurodhataH |-pr0 parI0 pR0 45 meM uddhata kumAranandi kA vAkya / 28. zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA, Agama yuga kA jaina darzana, pramANa khaNDa, pR0 157 29. manizrutAvadhimanaHparyayakevalAni jJAnam / tatpramANe / AdyaM parokSam / pratyakSamanyat / -tatvA0 sU0, 1/9, 10, 11, 12 30. matiH smRtiH saMjJA cintAbhinibodha ityanantaram / -vahI, 1/13 31. gRddhapiccha, ta0 sU0, 1/13 32. anumAnamapi dvividhaM gauNa mukhyavikalpAt / tatra gauNamanumAnaM trividhaM smaraNaM pratyabhijJA tarkazceti / -vAdirAja, pra0ni0 pR. 33, mANikacandra granthamAlA, bmbii| 33. akalaMkadeva, ta0 vA0, 1/20, pR. 78, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kaashii| 34. atha tatpUrvakaM trividhamanumAnam / -nyAyasU. 1/1/5 35. athavA pUrvavaditi-yatra yathApUrvaM pratyAbhUtayoranyataradarzanenAnyatarasyApratyakSasyAnumAnam / yathA dhUmenAgniriti / -nyAyabhA0 1/1/5, pR0 22 36. yathA dhUmena pratyakSeNApratyakSasya bahna grahaNamanumAnam |-vhii, 1/1/47, pRSTha 110 37. vahI, 1/1/1, pRSTha 7 38. vahI, 1/1/1, pRSTha 7 39. sAdhyAvinAbhAvitvena nizcito hetuH |-maannikynndi, parIkSAmukha 3/15 40. vyApyasya jJAnena vyApakasya nizcayaH, yathA vahnidhUmasya vyApaka iti dhUmastasya vyApta ityevaM tayorbhUyaH sahacAra pAkasthAnAdau dRSTvA pazcAtparvatAdI uddha yamAna zikhaya dhUmasya darzane tatra vahnirastIti nizcIyate / -vAcaspatyam, anumAna zabda, prathama jilda, pRSTha 181, caukhambA, vArANasI san 1962 I0 41. anumAnasya dve aMge vyApti pakSadharmatA ca / -kezavamizra, tarkabhASA, anu0 nirU0 pRSTha 88-89 42. vyApyasya parvatAdivRttitvaM pkssdhrmtaa|-annmbhtttt, tarkasaM0 anu0 vi0 pRSTha 57 43. yatra yatra dhUmastatra tatrAgniriti sAhacarya niyamo vyAptiH / --tarka saM0, pRSTha 54 ; tathA ke zavamizra, tarkabhA0, pRSTha 72 44. pakSadharmatvahIno pi gamakaH kRttikodayaH / antavyApterataH saiva gamakatva prsaadhno|| -~-vAdIbhasiMha, syA0 si0 4/83/84 45. sAdhya nirdezaH pratijJA / --akSapAda, nyAyasU0 1/1/33 46. prajJApanIyena dharmeNa dharmiNo viziSTasya parigrahavacanaM pratijJA sAdhya nirdezaH anityaH zabda iti / -vAtsyAyana, nyAyabhA0, 1/1/33 tathA 1/1/34 47. anameyo zo virodhI pratijJA / pratipipAdayiSitadharmaviziSTasya dharmiNopadeza-viSayamApAdayitumaddezamAtra prtijnyaa| -prazastapAda, vaizi0 bhASya pRSTha 114 48. yadanameyena sambaddha prasiddha ca tadanvite / tadabhAve ca nAstyeva talliMgamanamApakam |-vhii, pRSTha 100 49. pra. bhA0, pRSTha 100 50. pakSaH prasiddho dharmo........1 hetustrirUpaH / ki punastrarUpyam ? pakSadharmatva sapakSe satvaM vipakSe svAsatvamiti / tadyathA / anityaH zabda iti pakSavacanam / kRtakatvAditi pakSadharmavacanam / yatkRtakaM tadanityaM dRSTaM yathA ghaTAdiriti sapakSAnagamavacanam / yannityaM tadakRtakaM dRSTaM yathAkAzamiti vyatirekavacanam / -zakarasvAmI, nyAya pra0, pRSTha 1-2 .: jaina-nyAya meM anumAna-vimarza : DaoN0 darabArIlAla koThiyA | 67 www.jain

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sAdhvIratnapuSpavatI abhinandana grantha InIn ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . ::HHHHHHHHHH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51. udyotakara, nyAyavA0, 1/1/35, pRSTha 129-131 52. vAcaspati, nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0, 1/15, pRSTha 171 53. udayana, kiraNA0, pR0 290, 294 54. ta0 ci0 jAgadI0 TI0, pR0 13, 71 55. kezava mizra tarkabhA0 ana0 nirU0, pR0 88-8956-57. dharmakIrti, nyAya vi0, dvi0 pari0 pra0 22 58. arcaTa, hetuvi0 TI0, pR0 24 59. nyAyavi0 2/176 60. siddhasena, nyAyava0 kA0 20 61. nyAyavi0 2/221 62. pramANa parIkSA, pR0 49 63. vAdIbhasiMha, syA0si0, 4/87 64. akalaMka, laghIya0 1/3/14 65. nyAyamU0 1/1/5%; 34, 35 66. nyAyabhA0 1/1/5, 34, 35 67. liMga-li gino sambAghadarzana liMgadarzanaM cAbhisambadhyate / liMgaliMgi noH sambaddhayordarzanenaM liNgsmRtirbhismbdhyte| -nyAyabhA0 1/1/5 68. udAharaNasAdhamryAta sAdhya-sAdhanaM hetuH / tathA vaidhAt / -nyAyasU0 1/1/34, 35 69. (ka) avinAbhAvena pratipAdayatIti cet / athApI daMgyAt avinAbhAvogni-dhUmayorato dhUmadarzanAyagni pratipadyata iti / tanna / vikalpAnupapatteH / agni dhUma yogavinAbhAva iti korthaH ? kiM kAryakAraNabhAvaH utaikArthasamavAyaH tatsambandhamAtra vaa| -udyotakara, nyAyavA01/1/5, pR0 50 caukhambhA, kAzI, 1916 I0 (kha) athottarabhavadhAraNamavagamyate tasya vyAptirarthaH tathApyuneSamavadhAritaM vyAptyA na dharmo, yata eva karaNaM tatonyatrAvadhAraNamiti / sambhavavyApyA cAnameyaM niyt-| -vahI, 1/1/5, pR0 55-56 70. (ka) sAmAnyatodRSTaM nAma akAryAkAraNIbhUtena yatrAvinAbhAvinA vizeSaNena vizeSyamANo dharmo gamyate hat sAmAnyatodRSTaM yathA balAkayA salilAnumAnam / -nyAyavA0 1/1/5, pR0 47 (kha) prasiddhamiti pakSe vyApakaM, saditi sajAtIye sti, asandigdhamiti sjaatiiyaavinaabhaavi| -vahIM, 1/1/15, pR0 49 71. yadyapyavinAbhAvaH pacasu caturSA rUpeSu liMgasya samApyate ityAvinAbhAvenaiva sarvANi liMgarUpANi saMgRhyanne, tathApoha prasiddhasacchabdAbhyAM dvayoHsaMgRhe gAvalIbardanyAyena tatparityajya vipakSavyatirekAsatpratipakSatvAbAdhita viSayatvAni saMgRhNAti / -nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0, 1/1/5, pR. 178 72. eteSu paMcalakSaNeSu avinAbhAvaH smaapyte| -nyAyakalikA, pR0 2 73. avinAbhAvo vyAptiniyamaH pratibandhaH sAdhyAvinAbhAvitvamityarthaH / -nyAyakalikA, pR0 2 74. tasmAdyo vA sa vA stu, sambandhaH, kevalaM yasyAsau svAbhAviko niyataH sa eva gamako gamyazcetaraH sambandhoti yujyate / tathA hi dhUmAdInAM vaha nyAdi-sambandhaH svAbhAvikaH, na tu vaha nyAdInAM dhuumaadibhiH| tasmAdupAdhi prayatnenAnviSyanto nupalabhamAnA nAstItyavagamya svAbhAvikatvaM sambandhasya nizcinumaH / -nyAyA0 tA0TI0 1/1/5, pR0 165 75. kiraNA0 pR0 290, 294, 295-302 76. tarkabhA0pa0 72,78, 82, 83, 88 77. sarkasaM0 10 52-57 78. si0 mu0 kA0, 68, pR0 51-55 79. inake granthoddharaNa vistArabhaya se yahAM aprastuta haiN| 80. ta0 ci0, anu0 khaNDa, pR0 13 81. vahI, pa0 77-82, 86-89, 171-208, 209-432 82. vahI anu0 kha0, pR0 623-631 83-84. pra0 bhA0 pR0 103 tathA 100 85. vahI, DhuNDirAja zAstrI, Tippa0, pR0 103 86. pra0 bhA0 Tippa0, pR0 103 87. kiraNA0, pR0 297 88. mI0 zloka anu0 khaM0 zloka 4,12,43 tathA 161 89. nyA0 pra0 pR0 4-5 90. pramANa vA0 1/3, 1/32 tathA nyAyavi0 pR0 30,93 ; hetu vi0 pR0 54 68 | caturtha khaNDa : jaina darzana, itihAsa aura sAhitya bhA

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sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha ... H HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 91. nyAya vi0 TI0, pR0 30 ___92. hetuvi0 TI0, pR0 7-8, 10-11 Adi 93. zrI jugala kizora mukhtAra, svAmI samantabhadra, pR0 196 94. astitva pratiSedhyenAvinAbhAvyekarmiNi / nAstitvaM pratiSedhyenAvinAbhAdhyakarmiNi ||-AptamI0 kA0 17-18 95. dharmaghAvinAbhAvaH siddha ytynyonyviikssyaa| vahI, kA0 75 96. sa0 si0 5/18, 10/4 97. nyAyAva0 13, 18, 20, 22 98. tatvasaM0 pR0 406 para uddhRta 'anyathAnupapannatve' Adi kA0 / 99. pra0pa0 pR0 49 meM uddhRta 'anyathAnupapatyekalakSaNa' Adi kAri0 10 2/197, 323, 327, 329 101. parI0 mu0 3/11, 15, 16, 94, 95, 96 102. sAdhana prakRtAbhAvenupapanna |-nyaayvi0 2/69, tathA pramANa sa0 21 103. arthApattirapi dRSTaH zruto vAau~ 'nyathA nopapadyate ityarthakalpanA / - zAbarabhA0 1/1/5, bRhatI, pR0 110 104. keyamanyathAnupapattirnAma ?- na hi anyathAnupapattiH pratyakSasamadhigamyA |-bhtii pR0 110-111 105. tatvasaM0 pR0 405-408 . 100. vaize0 sU0 9/2/1 107. nyAyasU0 1/1/5 108. upAyahRdaya pR0 13 109. carakasUtrasthAna 11/21, 22 110. sAM0 kA0 kA05 111. muni kanhaiyAlAla, anuyo0 sU0 pR0 539 112. sAM0 kA0 kA0 6 113. mAThara vR0 kA0 5 114. yuktidI0 kA0 5, pR0 43-44 / 115. praza0 bhA0 pR0 104, 106, 113 116. zAbara bhA0 1/1/5, pR. 36 117. sAM0 ta0 ko0, kA0 5, 10 30-32 118. nyAyavA0 1/1/5, pR0 57 119. nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0, 1/1/5, pR0 165 120. nyAya ku0 ca0 3/14, pR0 462 121. nyAyavA0 1/1/5, pR0 46 122. nyAyama0 e0 130, 131 123. tarkabhA0 pR0 79 124. pramANasamu0 2/1 125. nyAya vi0 pR0 21, dvi0 pari0 126. siddhasena nyAyAva0 kA0 10 / akalaMka si0 vi0 6/2, pR0 373 | vidyAnanda, pra0pa0 pR.58 1 mANikyanandi, parI. mu. 3/52, 53 / devasUri, pra. na. ta. 3/9, 10 / hemacandra, pramANamI. 1/2/8, pR. 39 Adi / 127. akalaMka, nyAyavini0 341, 342 / syAdvadara. pa. 527 Adi / 128. praza. bhA. pa. 104 129. dharmabhUSaNa, nyAyadI. tR. prakAza, pR 72 130. vahI, pR. 72-73 131. nyAya sa. 1/1/32 132-133. nyAyabhA. 1/1/32, pR. 47 134-135. tasya punaravayavA:-jijJAsA-saMzaya-prayojana-zakyaprApti-saMzayavyudAsa-lakSaNAzca vyAkhyAMgam, pratijJA-hetu- - dRSTAntopasaMhAra-nigamanAni para-pratipAdanAMgamiti / ---yuktidI. kA. 6, pR. 47. 136. avadhUmaH-na, uktatvAt / uktametata purastAt vyAkhyAMgaM jijJAsAdayaH / sarvasya cAnugrahaH kartavya ityevamathaM ca zAstravyAkhyAnaM vipazcibhiH pratyAyyate, na svArtha sasvadvajJabuddha yarthaM vaa| -vahI, kA. 6, pR. 49 137. 'tasmAt sUktaM dazAvayavo vItaH / tasya purastAt prayogaM nyAyyamAcAryA mnynte|' -yu. dI. kA. 6, pR. 51 'avayavA: pujijJAsAdayaH pratijJAdayazca / tatra jijJAsAdayo vyAkhyAMgam, pratijJAdayaH parapratyAyanAMgam / tAnuttaratra vakSyAmaH / -vahI, kA. 1 kI bhUmikA pR. 3 ::: : : : ::: .:::::::::: ... jaina-nyAya meM anumAna-vimarza : DaoN0 darabArIlAla koThiyA | 66 . . . .. HIRIDIUM www.

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sAdhvIratnapuSpavatI abhinandana grantha 138. yuktidIpikAkAra ne isI bAta ko AcArya (IzvarakRSNa) kI kArikAoM-1, 15, 16, 35 ora 57 ke pratIkoM dvArA samarthita kiyA hai / -yu. dI. kA. 1 kI bhUmikA pa. 3 139. dazava ni. gA. 49-137 / 140. avayavAH punaH prtijnyaapdeshnidrshnaanusndhaanprtyaamnaayaaH| -praza. bhA. pR. 114 141. vahI, pR. 114, 115 142. nyAya pra. pR. 1 143. vahI, pR. 1, 2 144. mAThara vR. kA. 5 145. vAdanyA. pu. 61 / pramANa vA. 1/128 / nyAyavi. pu. 91 146. pramANa vA. 1/128 | nyAyavi. pR.91 _147. pra. paM. pR. 220 148. mA. me. pR. 64 149. nyAyaralA. pu. 361 (mI. zloka anu. pari. zloka 553) 150. nyAya va. 13-19 151. nyA. vi. kA. 381 152. patraparI. pR. 18 153. parIkSAmu. 3/37 154. pra. na. ta. 3/28, 23 155. pra. mI. 2/1/9 156. nyAya. dI. pu. 76 157. jainata. pR. 16 158. pra. na. ta. 3/23, pR. 548 159. parI. mu. 3/46 / pra. na. ta. 3/42 / pra. mI. 2/1/10 160. pra. na. ta. 3/42, pR. 565 161. pra. mI. 2/1/10, pR. 52 162. janata. bhA. pR. 16 163. prmaannaadrthsNsiddhistvaabhaasaadvipryyH|-maannikynndi parI. ma. maMgalazlo. 1 164. nyAyasU. 2/1/38,39 _165. nyAyabhA. 2/1/39 166. nyAyasU. 1/2/4-9 167. savyabhicAra viruddhaprakaraNasamasAdhyasamakAlAtItA hetvAbhAsAH |-nyaaysuu. 1/2/4 168. samastalakSaNopapattirasamastalakSaNopapattizca |-nyaayvaa. 1/2/4, pR. 163 169. nyAya vA. tA. TI. 1/2/4, pR. 330 170. hetoH paMcalakSaNAni pakSadharmatvavAdIni uktAni / teSAmekaikApAye paMca hetvAbhAsA bhavanti asiddha-viruddha-anekAntika kAlAtyayApadiSTa-prakaraNasamAH / -nyAyakalikA, pR. 14; nyAya paM. pR. 101 171. hetulakSaNAbhAvAdahetavo hetusAmAnyAddha tuvadAbhAsamAnAH |-nyaaybhaa. 1/2/4 kI utthAnikA pR. 63 172. pramANamaM. .9 173. vai. sU. 3/1/15 174. praza. bhA. pa. 101-102 175. praza. bhA. pR. 100 176. pra. bhA., pa. 122-23 177. vahI, pR. 115 178. pramANama. pR. 9 179. u. hu., pR. 14 180. eSAM pakSahetudRSTAntAbhAsAnAM vacanAni sAdhanAbhAsam |-nyaa. pra. pU. 2-7 181-82-83. vahI, 2, 3-7 70 | caturtha khaNDa : jaina darzana, itihAsa aura sAhitya www.jainelibr

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sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha 184. vahI, pR. 4 185. nyAyapra. pR.7 . 186. mI. zloka anu. zloka 58-69, 108 187. nyAya ratnA. mI. zloka. anu. 58-69, 108 188. mI. zlo. anu. pari. zloka 70 tathA vyAkhyA 189. vahI, anu. pari. zloka 92 tathA vyAkhyA 190. mAThara va. kA. 5 191. nyAyava. kA. 13, 21-25 192-93. nyAyAva., kA 21 194. vahI, kA. 22-23 195. vahI, kA. 24-25 196. praza. bhA. pR. 123 197. nyAyapra. pR. 5-7 198. nyA. vi. tR. pari. pR. 94-102 199. nyAyavini. kA. 172,299,365,366,370,381 200. parIkSAmukha 6/12-50 201. pramANana. 6/38-82 202. pramANamI. 1/2/14, 2/1/16-27 fiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimamamamamamamama 606606600000560666 00000000000000000000000000000 puSpa-cintana-kalikA . eka bAra patte ne vRkSa se kahA-maiM kitane samaya se tumhAre se baMdhA rahA huuN| maiM aba isa parataMtra jIvana kA anubhava karate-karate Uba gayA huuN| kahA bhI hai 'sarvam paravazaM dukhaM, sarvam svavazam sukhN'| aba maiM sarvataMtra svataMtra hokara vizva kA Ananda luuluuNgaa| vRkSa ne kahA-vatsa! tumhArI zobhA aura jIvana parataMtratA para hI AdhRta hai / tuma dekhate ho ki merA bhAI-phala vRkSa se mukta hokara mUlyavAna * ho gayA hai| dukAnadAra use Topale meM pattoM kI gaddI bichAkara sajAtA hai vaise maiM bhI Adara prApta karUMgA para tumhArI yaha kamanIya kalpanA mithyA hai| * tuma apanA sthAna chor3oge to kUr3e-karkaTa kI taraha pheMke jaaoge| binA . * yogyatA ke eka dUsare kI dekhA-dekhI karanA hitAvaha nahIM hai| 00000000000000000000000000000 HHHHHHHHHHHHimAmA jana-nyAya meM anumAna-vimarza : DaoN. darabArIlAla koThiyA | 71 ....