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________________ jaina mahApurANa meM brAhmaNIya paramparA ke devI-devatA kamala giri bhAratIya saMskRti ke vizvakoSa-rUpa purANa sAhitya meM kathAoM ke mAdhyama se tatkAlIna dhArmika jIvana ke sAtha-sAtha sAmAjika, rAjanItika, Arthika aura kalAparaka viSayoM kI bhI vistArapUrvaka carcA milatI hai| brAhmaNIya aura dAkSiNAtya jaina, donoM hI paramparAoM meM vipula saMkhyA meM purANoM kI racanA kI gayI jinheM uttarakI jaina paramparA meM carita yA caritra kahA gayA 1 jaina purANoM meM mahApurANa sarvAdhika vistRta evaM mahattvapUrNa hai, jo AdipurANa (lagabhaga 837 I0) aura uttarapurANa (lagabhaga 850 I0) do khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai| ina purANoM ke karttA kramazaH paJcastUpAnvaya ke AcArya jinasena aura unake ziSya guNabhadra haiN| mahApurANa meM eka ora jainadharma evaM paramparA ke mUlabhUta tattvoM kI niSThApUrvaka carcA kI gayI hai aura dUsarI ora unake kartAoM ke vyApaka cintana ke kAraNa vaidika aura brAhmaNa paramparA ke sAtha pUrA samanvaya sthApita karane kI bhI ceSTA kI gayI hai / isI kAraNa mahApurANa meM brAhmaNa evaM laukika paramparA ke sarvamAnya devI-devatAoM kA aneka sthAnoM para ullekha huA haiN| ina granthoM meM ziva, brahmA, viSNu, indra, vaizravaNa, tathA rAma, kRSNa, zrI, buddhi, kIrti, ajjA, (AryA, pArvatI yA caNDi), taduparAnta lakSmI, sarasvatI, gaMgA tathA gandharva, pitR, nAga, lokapAla jaise devI-devatAoM kI carcA, aura kabhI-kabhI unake kucha lakSaNoM kA bhI nirUpaNa huA hai jo navIM zatI I0 meM brAhmaNa aura jaina dharmoM ke sauhArdapUrNa antarsambandhoM kA sAkSI hai / mahApurANa ke atirikta anya jaina granthoM meM bhI aise pracura ullekha haiM / vizeSakara ke uttara kI jaina zilpazAstrIya paramparA evaM mUrta udAharaNoM meM aSTadikpAla, navagraha, kSetrapAla tathA gaNeza Adi kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA gyaa| prastuta lekha meM mukhyataH jaina mahApurANa meM varNita brAhmaNIya devI-devatAoM kI carcA kI gayI hai| AdipurANa ke 24veM aura 25 veM parvoM meM bharata aura saudharmendra dvArA RSabhadeva ke kramazaH 108 aura 1008 nAmoM se stavana tathA pUjana kI carcA hai| ina nAmoM meM sarvAdhika brAhmaNa dharma ke tripuruSadeva ( ziva, viSNu evaM brahmA ) tathA kucha anya se sambandhita haiN| ziva ke nAmoM meM svayaMbhU, zaMbhu, zaMkara, trinetra, tripurAri, trilocana, ziva, bhUtanAtha, vizvamUrti, kAmAri, mahezvara, mahAdeva, mRtyuJjaya, hara, aSTamUrti, trayambaka, trayakSa, ardhanArIzvara, adhikAntaka, sadyojAta, vAmadeva, aghora aura IzAna mukhya haiM / isa sandarbha meM puSpadanta kRta apabhraMza mahApurANa (10vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha) kA ullekha bhI mahattvapUrNa hai jisameM ziva se sambandhita kucha AyudhAdi (kaMkAla, trizUla, naramuNDa, sarpa) kA bhI ullekha huA hai / yahAM viSNu ke nAmoM meM jagannAtha, vAmanadeva, lakSmIpati aura brahmA ke nAmoM meM brahmA, pitAmaha, dhAtA, vidhAtA, caturAnana ullekhanIya haiN| anya prasaMgoM meM hiraNyagarbha, indra ( mahendra, sahasrAkSa), sUrya (Aditya), kubera, rAma evaM kRSNa jaise devoM tathA indrANI, lakSmI, sarasvatI, gaMgA, vindhyavAsinI deviyoM ke nAmollekha aura kabhI-kabhI lakSaNa bhI sandarbhagata purANoM meM milate haiM / AdipurANa RSabhanAtha ke jIvanacarita se sambandhita hai jisameM ziva ke sarvAdhika nAmoM ke mAdhyama se RSabha kA stavana huA hai jo prAcIna paramparA meM ziva aura RSabhadeva ke ekIkRta svarUpa kA saMketa detA hai / zAstrIya paramparA meM RSabha ke sAtha jaTA, vRSabha lAJchana aura yakSa ke rUpa * gAya ke mukhavAle tathA parazudhArI gomukha yakSa kI kalpanA se yaha antarsambandha pUrI taraha spaSTa ho jAtA hai / ise mUrta udAharaNoM meM bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| isI prakAra vaidika vAkya, mahAbhArata evaM purANoM meM ziva ko anekazaH RSabhadeva nAma se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai / sambhavataH ziva kA mahAyogI rUpa hI jaina tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke sandarbha meM nirUpaNa kA mukhya AdhAra bnaa| ziva kA vyApaka AdhAra mahApurANa meM
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________________ Vol. I 1945 jaina mahApurANa meM brAhmaNIya... ajitanAtha aura sumatinAtha tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha hara evaM maheza jaise ziva ke nAmoM ke rUpa meM bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai| kaivalya-prApti ke pazcAt indra dvArA ajitanAtha ke stavana meM unheM bhUtanAtha evaM nAgoM ko dhAraNa karanevAlA, trinetra aura bhasma se zobhita zarIravAlA batAyA gayA hai| ziva ke atirikta ajitanAtha ko viSNu ke kucha nAmoM se bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai| uttarapurANa meM pAMcaveM tIrthaMkara sumatinAtha ke paMcakalyANakoM ke sandarbha meM jina pAMca nAmoM kA ullekha huA hai ve spaSTata: paMcAnana ziva ke maheza rUpa se sambandhita haiM, jinakI svatantra mUrtiyA~ eliphaNTA, elorA (guphA 16), gvAliyara jaise sthaloM se milI haiN| sumatinAtha ko garbhakalyANaka, janmAbhiSeka, dIkSA kaivalyaprApti evaM nirvANa ke avasaroM para kramazaH sadyojAta, vAma, aghora, IzAna aura tatpuruSa nAmoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / isa sandarbha meM tIrthaMkara zreyAMsanAtha ke yakSa ke rUpa meM Izvara nAmadhArI yakSa kA trinetra aura vRSabha vAhana ke sAtha ullekha bhI mahattvapUrNa haiN| isa prakAra Adideva ke rUpa meM mahAdeva aura dUsarI ora AdinAtha yA RSabhanAtha ke rUpa meM tIrthaMkara kI parikalpanA ke kendra meM kucha samAna tattva aura bhAratIya cintana ke yoga aura sAdhanA kI mUla paramparA dekhI jA sakatI hai| purANoM meM RSabhadeva ko AdibrahmA, prajApati aura vidhAtA kahA gayA hai jisakI pRSThabhUmi meM AdipurANa meM vaidika mAnyatA ke anurUpa RSabhadeva dvArA bhujAoM meM zastra dhAraNa kara kSatriyoM kI sRSTi karane aura unheM zastravidyA kA upadeza dene kA sandarbha varNita hai| prajA ke pAlana tathA unakI AjIvikA kI vyavasthA ke uddezya se hI samAja meM vaidika dhAraNA ke anurUpa kArya vibhAjana aura usa hetu vargoM kI utpatti kA bhI saMketa kiyA gayA hai| kSatriya ke bAda RSabha ke uruoM se vaizyoM kI tathA caraNoM se zUdroM kI sRSTi ke sandarbha milate haiM / isa sandarbha meM brAhmaNoM kI sRSTi kA anullekha soddezya aura arthapUrNa jAna par3atA hai jise sabhI tIrthaMkaroM ke anivAryataH kSatriya kula se sambandhita hone kI paramparA evaM vaidika mAnyatAoM (yakSa, bali, karmakANDa, jAti, IzvaravAda) ko nakArane kI pRSThabhUmi meM samajhA jA sakatA hai| jaina granthoM meM nau baladevoM aura nau vAsudevoM yA nArAyaNoM kI sUcI bhI mahattvapUrNa aura bhAgavat prabhAva kA pariNAma hai| inheM 63 zalAkApuruSoM kI sUcI meM sammilita kara pratiSThita sthAna diyA gayA / baladeva ko vAsudeva kA sautelA bhAI batAyA gayA hai| baladevoM kI sUcI meM rAma kA bhI nAma milatA hai| baladeva ke lakSaNa spaSTataH saMkarSaNa yA balarAma se sambandhita haiN| nIlavastradhArI evaM tAladhvaja vAle baladeva ko gadA, ratnamAlA, musala yA phala jaise ratnoM kA svAmI batAyA gayA hai jo balarAma ke Ayudha haiM / baladeva ke rUpa meM rAma ke nirUpaNa meM dhanuSa aura bANa kA sandarbha bhI ullekhanIya hai| uttarapurANa meM vAsudeva ko nIla yA kRSNavarNa, pItavastradhArI aura garur3a cihnAMkita dhvaja dhAraNa karanevAlA batAyA gayA hai| uparyukta lakSaNa spaSTata: brAhmaNIya paramparA ke vAsudeva kRSNa se sambandhita aura unakA prabhAva darzAte haiN| jJAtavya hai ki mathurA kI kuSANakAlIna ariSTanemi pratimAoM meM tathA digambara sthaloM kI neminAtha kI mUrtiyoM meM balarAma aura kRSNa kA bhI rUpAMkana milatA hai| dUsarI ora vimalavasahI evaM lUNavasahI jaise zvetAmbara sthaloM para kRSNa kI lIlAoM (kAliyadamana, holI) Adi kA zilpAMkana kiyA gayA hai| jaina paramparA meM indra ko jinoM kA pradhAna sevaka svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| jinoM ke paMcakalyANakoM evaM samavasaraNa kI racanA ke sandarbha meM indra kI upasthiti kA ullekha anivAryata: huA hai| AdipurANa tathA uttarapurANa meM indra ko aneka mukhoM tathA netroMvAlA (sahasrAkSa) batAyA gayA hai / puSpadanta ke mahApurANa meM indra ke vAhana ke rUpa meM gaja (airAvata) ke sAtha hI vRSabha tathA vimAna kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| AdipurANa meM 32 pramukha indroM kA sandarbha ke vinA nAmollekha AyA hai| inameM 10 bhavanavAsI varga ke, 8 vyantara varga ke, 2 jyotiSI varga ke tathA 12 kalpavAsI varga ke haiM / RSabhadeva ke janma ke avasara para indra dvArA vibhinna prakAra ke nRtya karane kA sandarbha bhI mahattvapUrNa hai|
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________________ kamala giri Nirgrantha AdipurANa meM hI indra dvArA tANDava nRtya karane kA sandarbha bhI hai jo spaSTata: naTeza ziva se sambandhita hai / choTA kailAsa (elorA) ke gUDhamaNDapa ke dvAra ke agala-bagala saudharmendra aura IzAnendra kA aMkana isa sandarbha meM mahattvapUrNa hai| kucha zvetAmbara mandiroM para caturbhuja nRtyarata indra kA rUpAMkana bhI milatA hai| vimalavasahI (mAunTa AbU) ke udAharaNa meM indra cAra bhujAoM vAle haiN| __ osiyAM, delavAr3A, kumbhAriyA, khajurAho evaM anya sthaloM para tIrthaMkaroM ke paMcakalyANaka ke aMkana meM indra kA anekazaH nirUpaNa huA hai jinameM indra adhikAMzataH cAmara yA kalazadhArI haiN| janmakalyANaka ke prasaMga meM zizu-jina ko goda meM liye, dIkSAkalyANaka ke prasaMga meM luMcita keza liye tathA samavasaraNa meM prathama dharmadezanA ke avasara para indra kI upasthiti dekhI jA sakatI hai| nADola (pAlI, rAjasthAna) ke neminAtha, cittaur3a ke samidhdhezvara evaM kumbhAriyA ke mandiroM ke kucha udAharaNoM meM navajAta zizu (jina) indra kI goda meM hai| caturbhuja indra ke do hAtha goda meM haiM aura do meM unakA viziSTa Ayudha aMkuza aura vajra pradarzita haiN| isake atirikta jaina mandiroM para sarvata: aSTa-dikpAla samUha meM bhI indra kA aMkana huA hai, jinameM gajavAhanavAle caturbhuja indra sAmAnyataH tribhaMga meM haiM aura unake karoM meM vajra evaM aMkuza ke atirikta abhaya yA varadamudrA tathA phala (yA kalaza yA padya) pradarzita haiN| brAhmaNIya paramparA kI bhAMti jainadharma meM bhI kubera ko bhogopabhoga kI vastuoM kA svAmI batAyA gayA hai| kubera kI niyukti indra dvArA nagara kI racanA karane va jinendradeva kI vibhinna prakAra se sevA karane ke liye kI jAtI hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke janma ke pUrva kubera dvArA jina ke mAtA-pitA ke AMgana meM ratnoM kI varSA karane kA ullekha milatA hai| lagabhaga AThavIM zatI I0 se sabhI kSetroM ke jaina mandiroM ke uttarI koNa para brAhmaNa mandiroM ke samAna dikpAla ke rUpa meM kubera kA nirUpaNa huA hai| osiyA~, khajurAho, devagar3ha, kumbhAriyA, delavAr3A jaise sthaloM para sAmAnyatayA bRhadjaThara kubera ko gajavAhana yA nidhipAtra ke sAtha phala, padma, dhana kA thailA (nakulaka) liye aMkuzadhArI dikhAyA gayA hai| uttarapurANa meM kubera kI patnI rati kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| neminAtha evaM kucha anya tIrthaMkaroM ke sAtha yakSa ke rUpa meM bhI kubera (yA sarvAnubhUti) kA aMkana huA hai| jaina devakula meM lakSmI kI avadhAraNA sarvaprathama paryuSaNA kalpa ke "jinacaritra" (IsvI0 503/516) meM jinoM kI mAtAoM dvArA dekhe gaye zubha svapnoM ke sandarbha meM "zrI lakSmI" ke rUpa meM milatI hai| uttarapurANa meM bhI jinauM kI mAtAoM dvArA dekhe gaye 16 zubha svapnoM ke sandarbha meM hI lakSmI kA ullekha AyA hai| isa grantha meM lakSmI ko padmoM ke sarovaroM kI svAminI aura gajoM dvArA abhiSikta batAyA gayA hai| jaina zilpa meM lakSmI kA mUrta aMkana lagabhaga navIM zatI I0 ke bAda se milatA hai jisake udAharaNa khajurAho, devagar3ha, osiyA~, kumbhAriyA evaM delavAr3A jaise sthaloM para haiM / ina sabhI sthaloM para lakSmI ko brAhmaNa paramparA meM varNita lakSaNoMvAlA hI nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| adhikAMzataH devI ko gaja-yA abhiSeka - lakSmI ke rUpa meM padmAsIna aura UrdhvakaroM meM padma tathA adhaHkaroM meM varada yA abhayamudrA aura jalapAtra (yA phala) ke sAtha rUpita kiyA gayA hai| prArambhika jaina granthoM meM medhA evaM buddhi ke devatA yA zrutadevatA ke rUpa meM sarasvatI kA bhI sandarbha prApta hotA hai| AdipurANa meM sarasvatI kA ullekha zrI, hI, kIrti, dhRti, buddhi evaM lakSmI jaise huda deviyoM ke rUpa meM AyA hai jinakA nivAsa vibhinna padmasarovaroM meM mAnA gayA hai| jaina zilpa meM sarasvatI kI prAcInatama jJAta mUrti kuSANa kAla kI mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIlA nAmaka sthAna se prApta huI hai jo vartamAna meM rAjya saMgrahAlaya, lakhanaU meM surakSita hai| sarasvatI kA lAkSaNika svarUpa AThavIM zatI I0 ke bAda niyata huA / lagabhaga 10vIM-11vIM zatI I0 meM saMgIta aura anya lalita kalAoM kI devI ke rUpa meM unheM mAnyatA milI aura unake hAthoM meM vINA tathA mayUra-vAhana kA
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________________ Vol. [-1995 jaina mahApurANa meM brAhmaNAya... aMkana prArambha huaa| digambara sampradAya kI apekSA zvetAmbara sampradAya meM sarasvatI pUjana adhika lokapriya thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki bAdAmI, aihoLa evaM elorA jaise digambara jaina sthaloM para sarasvatI kI mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa nahIM huiiN| pUrva madhyakAla meM zvetAmbara sampradAya meM zakti ke rUpa meM sarasvatI kI sAdhanA kI gaI jisameM Age calakara tantra kA bhI praveza huaa| jaina paramparA kI sarasvatI ke lakSaNa brAhmaNa paramparA kI sarasvatI ke samAna haiN| donoM hI paramparAoM meM sarasvatI ke karoM meM pustaka, vINA, akSamAlA, sUk, aMkuza tathA pAza jaise Ayudha pradarzita haiN| haMsa yA mayUravAhanA sarasvatI kI navIM se 12vIM zatI I0 ke madhya kI aneka mUrtiyA~ devagar3ha, khajurAho, osiyA~, kumbhAriyA, delavAr3A, tAraMgA, jinanAthapura, hummaca, halebiDa jaise sthaloM se prApta huI haiN| jaina devakula meM gaMgA kA ullekha bhI devI ke rUpa meM huA hai| AdipurANa meM cakravartI bharata kA gaMgAjala se abhiSeka karane kA ullekha milatA hai| puSpadanta kRta mahApurANa meM gaMgA ko pUrNimA ke candramA ke samAna mukhavAlI, kamalanayanI, kamaloM ke samAna caraNoMvAlI, jinendra kA abhiSeka karanevAlI. sira meM phala gaMthanevAlI. caMcala maka evaM apane rUpa yauvana se devoM ko Azcarya meM DAla denevAlI batAyA gayA hai| padma ko hI unakA chatra evaM vastra mAnA gayA hai| prastuta adhyayana se jaina dharma meM samanvaya kI paramparA ke pramANa milate haiN| jaina mahApurANa meM ziva, viSNu aura brahmA ke tIrthaMkaroM ke sandarbha meM nAmollekha evaM kucha anya lakSaNaparaka saMketa 9vIM-10vIM zatI I0 taka brAhmaNa dharma evaM kalA meM ina devatAoM ke vizeSa pratiSThA kA pratiphala mAnA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi tIrthaMkaroM ke prasaMga meM ziva, viSNu aura brahmA evaM anya devatAoM ke nAmollekha lagabhaga 5vIM zatI I0 se hI milane lagate haiN| vimalasUri kRta paumacariya (IsvI 473) isakA eka pramukha udAharaNa hai| uparokta sandarbha se spaSTa hai ki mahApurANa vastuta: pUrva meM svIkRta samanvaya kI avadhAraNA ko hI aura vyApaka AdhAra meM prastuta karatA hai| RSabhanAtha aura ziva ke bIca nAma tathA avadhAraNA kI dRSTi se dikhAI par3anevAlI ekarUpatA vizeSa mahattvapUrNa aura brAhmaNa tathA jaina dharmoM ke antarsambandhoM kA sUcaka hai| RSabhanAtha evaM anya tIrthaMkaroM ke stavana meM kucha aise svarUpagata vizeSatAoM kA saMketa denevAle vizeSaNoM kA prayoga huA hai jinakA tIrthaMkaroM ke svarUpa se koI sambandha nahIM judd'taa| ziva evaM brahmA ke viziSTa lakSaNoM se jur3e tryambaka, trayAkSa, caturAnana Adi kucha aise hI zabda haiN| saMgIta evaM apsarAoM se jur3e indra kI kalpanA meM unake nRtya svarUpa kA ullekha paramparAsammata mAnA jA sakatA hai| balarAma, rAma aura kRSNa ke ullekha meM AyudhoM evaM lakSaNoM kA bhI kucha ullekha huA hai jo vibhinna sthaloM para unake rUpAMkana kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa aura brAhmaNa paramparA ke anurUpa haiN| mahApurANa meM tIrthaMkaroM ke lAMchanoM, yakSa-yakSiyoM evaM aise hI anya devasvarUpoM ke AyudhoM, lakSaNoM kA ullekha kahIM nahIM huA hai| sambhavata: isakA kAraNa mahApurANa kA eka kathAparaka grantha honA hai| phira bhI brAhmaNa dharma ke sAtha samanvaya evaM tatkAlIna cintana kI dRSTi se ina purANoM kA viSaya, vizeSataH brAhmaNa devatAoM kI carcA, vizeSa mahattvapUrNa aura prAsaMgika hai| .
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________________ kamala giri Nirgraniha saMdarbhasUcI : 1. AdipurANa, saM0 pannAlAla jaina, jJAnapITha mUrtidevI granthamAlA, saMskRta grantha saMkhyA 8, vArANasI 1963, 12.69,85; 13.47; 14.20; 103.154, 25.100-217; uttarapurANa, saM0 pannAlAla jaina, jJAnapITha mUrtidevI granthamAlA, vArANasI 1963 evaM 1965, 63.169; 67.148-720, 70.369-495, 71.6-222. 2. AdipurANa 32.166, 38.218, 45.153-55; uttarapurANa 57.17-34. 3. bhagavatIsUtra, saM0 ghevaracanda bhATiyA, zailAna 1966, 3.1.134; aMgavijA, saM0 munipuNyavijaya, prAkRta grantha pariSad 1, banArasa 1957, adhyAya 51: draSTavya mArutinandana prasAda tivArI, jaina pratimA vijJAna, vArANasI 1981, pR0 36. 4. tivArI, jaina pratimA0, pR0 37. 5. AdipurANa 25.73-74, 215; 17.65. 6. mahApurANa (puSpadanta kRta), saM0 pI0 ela0 vaidya, mAnikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA 42, bambaI 1941, 10.5. 7. AdipurANa 25.100-217; 12.69,85; 13.47; 14.1-20, 103, 22.18-22; 38.21; uttarapurANa 63.169; 68.89-90; 282-84, 54.175,70.274; 73.56-60; 93.369-495; paumacariya, vimalasUri, bhAga 1, saM0 eca0 yAkobI, anu0 zAntilAla ema0 borA, prAkRta TeksTa sosAyaTI sirIja 6, vArANasI 1962, 4.4; 5.122. 8. RSabha tvaM pavitrANAM yoginA niSkatAH zivaH / mahAbhArata, anuzAsana parva kriTikala eDizana, saM0 pratApacandra rAya, pUnA, kalakattA, gorakhapura; zrImadbhAgavat 1.3.13 (hastImala, pR.54); mArkaNDeyapurANa 50.39-40; zivapurANa 4.47-48; kUrmapurANa 41.37-38; agnipurANa 10.10-11; vAyupurANa, pUrvArdha 33.50-51; brahmANDapurANa, pUrvArdha anuSaGgapAda, 14.59-60; vArAhapurANa, adhyAya 74, liMgapurANa 47.19-22; viSNupurANa, dvitIyAMza 1.27-28; skandapurANa 37.57. 9. tivArI, jaina0, pR0 165, 193. 10. AdipurANa 16.241-45. 11. uttarapurANa 57.72; 70.274-93. 12. varAMgacariya 7.43, pR0268; tiloyapaNNatti 1.4.1411, pR0328; uttarapurANa 57.71. 13. uttApurANa 57.93 71.123-25. vetAmbara paramparA meM vAsudeva ko pAJcajanya zaMkha, sudarzana cakra, kaumudakI gadA, zAI dhanuSa, nandaka khaDga, kaustubhamaNi aura vanamAlA se tathA digambara paramparA meM asi, zaMkha, dhanuSa, cakra, zakti, daNDa tathA gadA se abhilakSita kiyA gayA hai jinheM vAsudeva kA ratna kahA gayA hai| 14. uttarapurANa 57.90, 71.123-28. 15. M.N. Tiwari, "Vaisnava Themes in Dclwara Jaina Temples". K. D. Bajpey Felicitation Volume, . Delhi 1987, p.195-200. 16. AdipurANa, 12.69-76, 85, 13.47, 14.20; 22.18; uttarapurANa, 63.169. 17. mahApurANa (puSpadanta kRta) 46.1; 48.9; 62.17 18. AdipurANa 23.163. 19. AdipurANa 14.1.03-54; uttarapurANa, 50.23-24. 20. AdipurANa 14.106.58. 38. U. P. Shah, "Minor Jaina Deitics", Journal of the Oriental Institute, Baroda, Vol. XXXIV, Nos. 1-2, p. 46. 22. tivArI, jaina pratimA0, pR0 33-34,61 23. uttarapurANa 54.175. 24. AdipurANa 12.85.
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________________ Vol. I-1995 jaina mahApurANa meM brAhmaNIya... 25. uttarapurANa 57.17-34. 26. mArutinandana tivArI, khajurAho kA jaina purAtattva, khajurAho 1987, pR074-75. 27. AdipurANa 38 0 218. 28. tivArI, jaina pratimA0, pR. 33. 29. AdipurANa 32.166; 45.153-55. 30. mahApurANa (puSpadanta kRta), 15.9,11.