Jain Katha Sahitya

Author(s): Hasu Yagnik
Publisher: ZZ_Anusandhan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/229502/1

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jaina kathAsAhitya Do. hasu yAjJika 1. jainakathAsAhitya : paricaya - mahattva vyAkhyA : jaina kathA sAhitya eTale jaina dharmamAM gadyamAM ane padyamAM vividha prakAramA ane svarUpamA je kathAo maLe che, tenuM sAhitya. AvI kathAomAM dharmanA siddhAMtonuM spaSTIkaraNa karatI, maMtra, tapa, zIla, saMyama, vrata vagerenuM mahattva samajAvatI, dharmanA mukhya tIrthaMkaronAM jIvananAM mahattvanAM pAsAMo para prakAza pADatI, A dharma sAthe saMkaLAyelA rAjAo, pradhAno, sAdhu-sAdhvIo, zrAvaka-zrAvikAo, vagerene viSaya karatI ane dharma, artha, kAma ane mokSa e cAra puruSArtha joDe saMkaLAyelI temaja vividha ghaTanAo ane rasathI manoraMjana karatI racanAono samAveza thAya che. kathA-vArtA : 'kathA' zabdanA mULamAM 'katha' eTale ke kahevU e dhAtu che. koI paNa mAnavI ke mAnavetara pAtranA jIvanamAM banelI ke pachI kalpelI, vizeSa artha ane camatkAra dharAvatI ghaTanAone kathA kahevAmAM Ave che. kathA sAthe bIjo paryAya 'vArtA' paNa prayojAya che, e zabdanA mULamAM 'vRtta' eTale ke 'banelaM' evo artha che. paraMtu A parathI kathA eTale kalpekheM ane vArtA eTale baneluM kaheQ : evo arthano bheda nathI. 'kathA' mukhyatve dharma sAthe saMkaLAtI vArtA mATe prayojAya che. vArtA sAmAnya rIte manoraMjana mATenI camatkAramUlaka ghaTanAonAM kathana mATe prayojAya che. ___ kathA kahevI ane sAMbhaLavI bhAratanI prAcInatama paraMparA che. enA mukhya be vargo che : 1. dharma mATenI 2. lokonA manoraMjana mATenI, A bheda kathAnA upayoganA hetunI dRSTile che. koI kathA eka ja hoya paraMtu e dharmanA sAhityanuM aMga bane che tyAre hetunI sAthe ja enAM rUpamAM paNa keTaloka phera

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August-2004 75 paDe che. dharmamAM prayojAtI manoraMjaka kathAnAM rUparaMga badalAya che. paricaya : vizvanA badhA ja dharmo potAnA dharmanA mukhya deva-devI, tapasvI, tIrtha vagerenA mAhAtmya mATe kathAno AdhAra lIdho che tathA dareka dharme potAnA dharmanA tattvajJAna ane tenA siddhAMtone samajAvavA mATe kathAnuM mAdhyama apanAvyu che. jainadharmamAM paNa A rIte ja kathAono upayoga karyo che. paraMtu jaina dharmanI kathAonI keTalIka vizeSatA che. vizeSatA : jainadharmanI prathama vizeSatA e che ke enuM saiddhAMtika ane kathAzrayI banne prakAra, sAhitya mAtra saMskRtamA ja nathI paraMtu ardhamAgadhI tathA anya prAkRta, apabhraMza ane jUnI madhyakAlIna bhASAomAM che. tIrthaMkaroe lokonI bhASAmAM ja dharmano upadeza Apyo ane e mATe dharmanI itihAsamUlaka kathAo uparAMta lokakathAone paNa sthAna Apyu. AthI lokonA ja haiyAno jemAM dhabakAra saMbhaLAto hato evI ja kathAo lokonI ja bolImAM kahevAmAM ane lakhavAmAM AvI. saMskRtamAM paNa keTalIka kRtio racAI paraMtu mukhya ne mULabhUta mAdhyama to lokabhASAornu ja rahUM. kathAo kyA kyA : jaina dharmanA sAhityamAM kathAo AgamamAM, enA paranA TIkA-vivaraNomAM maLe che. aneka kathAo vividha prAkRta bhASAomAM prabaMdha, carita, mahAkAvya, rAsA, padyakathA vageremAM maLe che. bAramAsI, phAgu jevA sAhityika svarUpomAM paNa mukhya AdhAra koi mukhya pAtronI mukhya ane sUcaka evI ghaTanAono ja levAmAM Ave che. mahatva : jaina kathA sAhitya, aneka rIte mahattva che. emAM mukhya : 1. bhAratanuM prAcIna ane madhyakAlIna sAhitya jainakathAsAhitye hastapratanA

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76 anusaMdhAna-29 likhitarUpamAM jALavyuM che. kALanA pravAhamAM ane vidharmI AkramaNomAM bhAratanI prAcIna-madhyakAlIna kathAonI racanAo nAza pAmI. paraMtu jainadharmamAM AvI kRtio hastapratanA likhita dastAvejI rUpamAM rahI. bhAratamA ja nahIM paraMtu vizvamAM paNa anyatra Avo ATalo prAcInamadhyakAlIna kathA sAhityano vAraso jaina sivAya bIje kyAMya jaLavAyo nathI. koi paNa kathA keTalI jUnAmAM jUnI che, e jANIne nirNaya karavo hoya tyAre A jainasAhitya ja dastAvejIrUpano AdhAra che. 2. emAM mAtra jainadharmane sparzatI ja bAbato nathI paraMta bhAratIya AryonI saMskRtino pAMcahajAra varSano itihAsa paNa che. A kathAone AdhAre ja chellAM pAMca hajAra varSanA bhAratIya samAjanI rAjakIya, Arthika, dhArmika, naitika, sAMskRtika gatividhi jANI zakIle chIo. kayA kALe kevI sAmAjika sthiti hatI, kevAM-keTalAM rAjakIyAdi parivartano thayAM, prajA para enI kevI asara paDI, samAjamAM kevA, keTalA, kayA kayA vargoM hatA : AvAM badhAM ja pAsAMo para jainakathAsAhitya prakAza pADe che. koi paNa kalA ke koi paNa vidyA vize jANavU hoya, zilpa, sthApatya, citra, sAhitya, saMgIta, nATaka, Ayurveda, dhanurveda, astrazastrakalA, citra, sAhitya, saMgIta, nATaka, Ayurveda, dhanurveda, astrazastrakalA, aMgavidyA, rasAyaNa : AvA koi paNa aMgano chellA pAMca hajAra varSano bhAratIya itihAsa jANavo hoya to paNa pUratI ne dastAvejI sAmagrI jainakathAsAhitya pUrI pADe che. 3. bhAratabharanI ane vizvabharanI hajAro lokakathAonAM kuLamULa jANavAM hoya to te mATenI badhI ja dastAvejI sAmagrI paNa jainakathAsAhitya pUrI pADe 4. dharmanA mULabhUta tattvajJAna-siddhAMta samajAve che. 5. tIrthaMkaro, sAdhu-sAdhvIo, sthApatyo, rAjavIo, amAtyo, zreSThio, dAnavIro, mukhya zrAvaka-zrAvikAonAM carita ane jIvanakAryanI vIgato pUrI pADe che. 6. A dharmanA udbhava-vikAsano to itihAsa Ape che ane kevI, kai-kai,

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August-2004 77 keTakeTalI anukULatAo - pratikULatAo vacce A mAnavadharma sthira thayo, tenuM citra spaSTa kare che te sAthe ja bhAratIya mULanA prAcIna vedadharma ane bauddha dharma para paNa prakAza pADe che. bhAratIya mULanA dharmo vacce je saMgharSa ane samanvaya thayAM, teno nirdeza paNa maLe che. 1.1.2 jaina kathAsAhitya- mULa jaina kathAsAhitya- mULa prAcInatama che. IsavI saMvatanA AraMbha pahelAnA : traNa hajAra ane pachInA be hajAra : Ama A paraMparA pAMca hajAra varSa jeTalI prAcIna hovAnuM to pazcimanA vidvAno paNa svIkAre che. bhAratIya mata pramANe A paraMparA ethI paNa jUnI che. mULa : A kathAsAhityanA mULane jANavA mATe enI kathAo kyAre, kevI rIte, kyA kyA udbhavI che, te jANavU paDe. A dRSTile A kathAsAhityanAM mukhya mULa be che : 1. jaina ane 2. samagra bhAratIya arthAt keTalIka kathAo evI che, je dharmanA ja udbhava-vikAsanI sAthe A kSetramA ja janmI ane pracAramA AvI. bIjA varganI je kathAo che te bhAratanI eka samAna ane mukhya ke sarvasAdhAraNa dhArA che temAMthI jaina kathAsAhityamAM AvI cha : 1. tIrthaMkaro, tIrtho, jainasthApatyo, jainadharma sAthe parokSa rIte jemano saMbaMdha rahyo evAM rAjavaMzo, maMtrIo, zreSThio, sAdhu-sAdhvIo, zrAvakazrAvikAo, jainadharmanAM mukhya siddhAMto, 'tattvo, vrato, maMtro vagere sAthe saMkaLAyelI kathA : A varganI badhI ja kathAonA udgama-vikAsa jainadharmanA ja potikA ke aMgabhUta evA pravAhamAM thayo che. 2. uparanA vargamA jeno samAveza nathI thato tevI bodhaka-upadezaka dRSTAMtamUlaka kathAo, manoraMjanAtmaka lokakathAo : bhAratIya samagra ane sarvasAmAnya dhArAmAMthI AvI che. vaidika dharma ane bauddha dharmamAM paNa A sAmAnya dhArAnI kathAo AvI che. A komana-sTrImamAMthI traNa prakAranI kathAo jaina kathA sAhityamAM

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78 anusaMdhAna-29 AvI : 1. purAkathArUpa Mythological 2. daMtakathAtmaka Legendary Tale 3. manoraMjaka lokakathAtmaka rAmakathA, kRSNakathA ane pAMDavakathA : A traNa bhAratIya samAna dhArAnI traNa mukhya purAkathAo che. eno udbhava-vikAsa sarvasAmAnya evI lokadhArAmAM thayo. emAthI A kathAo vaidika, bauddha ane jaina e traNa bhAratIya mULanA AryadharmomAM prayojAi ane dareka dharmamAM te keTalAka bheda sAthe, potAnI rIte vikasI. bhAratIya vaidika dharmanA keTalAka saMpradAyamAM avatAra-vAda mukhya banyo ane rAma tathA kRSNa bhagavAna viSNunA avatAro manAyA ane pUjAyA. bauddha ane jaina dharmo avatAra-vAda svIkAratA nathI ethI emAM keTalAMka rUpAntara thayAM ane purANakathA ke purAkathA Myth ne badale daMtakathA Legend jevU rUpa baMdhAyu. paraMtu A kathA ane pAtrone sIdho saMbaMdha jainadharma sAthe paNa rahyo ethI enAM sthAna-mahattva paurANikakathA tarIke jaLavAyA. jaina srotanI rAmakathA padmacarita / padmapurANamAM che. kRSNakathA prAkRta 'vasudeva-hiMDI'mAM che. A pravAha ja pachI AgaLa cAle che ane tenA para carita, rAsA vagere rUpamAM aneka racanAo thaI che. bIjo pravAha daMtakathAno che. emAM udayana-vAsavadattA, zreNIka, abhayakumAra, vikramAditya vagereno samAveza thAya che. bIjo pravAha manoraMjaka lokakathAono che. daMtakathAno vIravikrama eTalo lokapriya banyo ke ane AdhAre vikrama ane zanizcara, vikrama ane vetALa, evI aneka kathAo janmI. paMcadaMDa, siMhasanabatrIsI jevI kRtio racAi. isunI cothI-chaThI sadIthI udayana-vAsavadattAnI kathAo bhAratamAM lokapriya banI cUkI hatI. ane dazamI-bAramI sadIthI te cheka aDhAramI sadI sudhImAM vikramakathA bhAratabharamAM lokapriya rahI. enA para aneka kRtio racAi. naMdabatrIsI, sUDo bahoMterI paNa evI ja lokapriya kathAo hatI. prAcIna ane madhyakAlIna samayanI A badhI ja kathAo jainakathAsAhityamA sthAna

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August-2004 79 pAmI eTaluM ja nahIM paraMtu jaina pravAhamAM paNa enAM avanavAM rUpo baMdhAyA. samaya-samaye A kathAo rUpAMtara pAmatI rahI ane enA paranI bahusaMkhya racanAo thai. "sUDAbahoMterI'ne anya kAmakathAo to jainasrotamAM ja udbhavI ane vikasI che. saMsAranI asAratA darzAvavA ane viSayAsaktithI mana dUra rahe e mATe jaina yatio dvArA A prakAranI kathAo lakhavAmAM AvI. rUpakagranthi vALI kathAo paNa sAmAnya srotanI che. mana, zarIra, AtmA vagerene rUpaka dvArA saMvAda rUpe kathAo rajU kare che. tana reTiyo che ke AtmA mATe to bhADAnA makAna jevU che : A bhAratIya tattvajJAnalokasvIkRta evaM rUpaka che. Ane viSaya karIne dareka bhAratIya dharmamA aneka kathAo che. jainakathAsAhityamAM AvI aneka coTadAra, marmasparzI kathAonAM rUpa baMdhAyAM ane tenA para dRSTAMtathI mAMDIne te prabaMdha sudhInI racanA thai. dharma-dharma vaccenA mAnyatAbheda, matabheda ane manabhedanI asara dareka dharmanA kathAsAhitya para paDI che. A prakAramA aneka kathAo racAi emAthI ja pravalhikA ane maMthalikA jevA vArtA prakAro astitvamAM AvyA. prArabdha caDe ke puruSArtha : e vAda para vividha kathAo che. anya dharmo ane mAnyatAo para hAsyakaTAkSa ane upahAsa karatI kathAo, svarUpa sAmAnya srotanuM che, paraMtu emAMthI kaTAkSasabhara dhUrtAkhyAna ane bharaDAbatrIsI-bharaTaka dvAtriMzikA-ane vinodakathAsaMgraha jevI kRtio to jaina kathAsAhityamAM ja racAi ane jaLavAi che. jainakathAnAM mULa : jaina kathAsAhityanAM prAcInatama mULa AgamamA che. ardhamAgadhImAM ahIM dharmanA tattvajJAnanI sAthe ja kathAo paNa maLe che. AgamanA vIjA cULAmAM maLatI mahAvIra prabhunA jIvananI kathA, pAMcamA aMganI bhagavatIvivAha paNNatti, chaThThA aMgamAM mahAvIrasvAmInA mukhe kahevAtI nAyAdhammakahA vagere isavIsana pUrvenI prAcInatama jainakathAo che. emAM dRSTAMtakathA, rUpakakathA, sAhasazauryakathA, parIkathA, cora-lUTArA kathA, purANakathA ama aneka prakAro jovA maLe che. AgamanA sAtamA, AThamA ane agiyAramA e traNa aMganuM

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80 anusaMdhAna-29 jainakathAsAhityanA udgama-vikAsanI dRSTile mahattva che. sAtamA aMgamAM mahAvIranI dharmadezanAthI dhyAna ane tapathI mokSadazA prApta karanAranI kathA che. A kathAomAM dehanA asahya duHkhadardone tapasvIo svecchAo hasatA mukhe sahana kare che. AtmatattvanI pratIti ane dehabhAvathI mukti te zuM che, te AvI kathAothI pragaTa thAya che. AgamasAhitya pachIno kathAsAhityano bIjo tabakko carita ane prabaMdhono che. AmAM prAkRta, apabhraMza uparAMta saMskRta bhASAmAM paNa racAyelI kRtio maLe che. pachInA trIjA tabakkAmAM to cheka ogaNIsamI sadInA aMtabhAga sudhI jaina kathAsAhityamAM aneka kRtio racAi. AvI kRtinI kathA mukhyatve rAsarUpe che. bAramAsI, phAgu vageremAM paNa AdhArataMtu kathAno ja rahyo che. - jainakathAsAhityanI kRtione kathAnakanA kathAtattvanA svarUpa--prakAra pramANe 1. paurANika 2. caritrAtmaka 3. lokakathAtmaka 4. vivaraNa kathA (je TIkA graMtho, bAlAvabodho, kathAkozamAM hoya) evA vargamAM vaheMcI zakIo. tIrthaMkaronA jIvanane sparzatI kathAo, paurANika prakAranI gaNI zakAya. vilAsavatI, sukumAla, pradyumnAdi, nAgakumAra, sulocanA ityAdi dharmakhyAta pAtronI kathAo caritrAtmaka varganI che. samarAditya, taraMgavatI, vagere lokaraMjanAtmaka kathAonA varganI che. kathAkoza, bAlAvabodha vageremAM AvA dareka prakAranI kathAo saMkSepamAM ane saraLa bhASAmAM ApavAmAM Ave che. 1.1.3 anya dharmonuM kathAsAhitya jainetara anya mukhya bhAratIya dharmo be cha : 1. vaidika dharma 2. bauddha dharma 1. vaidikadharmanu kathAsAhitya vaidika dharma, brAhmaNadharma, sanAtanadharma ke hiMdudharmane nAme oLakhAto dharma paraMparAgata ane mukta dhArA che. e koi eka vyakti ke vAdakRta nathI. AthI A dharmamAM upAsya deva-devI pramANe ane vyaktisthApita vAda ane

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August-2004 upAsanAne kAraNe vividha dharmasaMpradAyo astitvamAM AvyA. A uparAMta bhAratamAM ja vasavATa karanArI mULabhuta keTalIka jAtionA dharmo paNa vaidika dharmamAM kALakrame joDAyA ane emAMthI paNa keTalAka saMpradAyo astitvamAM AvyA. deva - devI pramANe vaiSNava, zaiva ane zAkta : arthAt viSNupUjaka, zivapUjaka ane devIpUjaka ema traNa mukhya saMpradAya che. cotho varga nirguNa upAsakono che ane temAM paNa koi avatArI ke payagaMbarI manAtA mukhya dharmapuruSa pramANe judA judA paMtha che. vaiSNavamAMthI ja vyaktisthApita saMpradAyanA rUpamA puSTisaMpradAya ane svAminArAyaNa saMpradAya astitvamAM AvyA. zaivamAM pAzupata, lakulIza vagaire aneka saMpradAya che. tAMtrika, mAMtrika, kApAlika, vAmapaMthI, aghorI vagere upAsanA paddhatinA paMtho paNa kALakrame zaiva sAthai saMkaLAyA. pArvatI sAthai ja bhAratanI vividha jAtionI devIbhakti zaivamAM samAveza pAmI. zivajInA parivAranA gaNeza sAthe gANapatya saMkaLAyA. pazupUjA, pretapUjA, sUryapUjA, naMdipUjA vagerenA peTA aneka dharmo paNa zaiva sAthai saMkaLAyA. nirguNadhArAmAM paNa vividha vyaktisthApita aneka paMtho-saMpradAyo che. 81 A badhAno samAveza vaidika dharmanA vividha saMpradAyanA rUpamA thAya che. Ama A mahAvaTavRkSa che, jene aneka zAkhA ane zAkhAmULa sAthe aneka judA thaDa paNa che. paraMtu e sahu potapotAnI mULabhUta AsthA sAthe vedane svIkAre che. svAbhAvika che ke A mahAvaTavRkSanuM kathAsAhitya prAcInatama, vipula, vizALa ane vaividhyasabhara hoya, emAM saMskRta - prAkRta uparAMta badhI ja bhAratIya bhASAomAM racAyeluM kathAsAhitya che. A paraMparA paNa pAMceka hajAra varSanI prAcInatA dharAvatI hovAnuM pazcimanA vidvAno svIkAre che, bhAratIya mata pramANe e AthI paNa prAcInatama che. A dharmamAM 1. veda 2. vedottara sAhitya 3. vIragAthA 4. purANa 5. praziSTa mahAkAvya kALa evA samayanA cAra-pAMca tabakkAnA yugo che. vedamAM Rgveda, yajurveda, atharvaveda ane sAmaveda e cAra che. Rgveda prAcInatama che. enA daza maMDaLamAM yama-yamI ane pururavA - urvazI jevI prakhyAta kathAo che. vedanA maMtro ane sUktomAM aneka kathAo ane pAtrono nirdeza thayo che. enI savIgata kathAo vedottara sAhityamAM maLe che. upaniSada,

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82 anusaMdhAna-29 brAhmaNagraMtha, AraNyaka vagere vedasaMlagna che ane emAM aneka kathAo che. aitareya brAhmaNa : 7-13.18mAM zunaHzepanI, zatapatha brAhmaNa 1-4.5 ane 8.12mAM mana ane vANI vaccenA vivAdanI kathA : Ama aneka kathAo maLe che. upaniSadamAM bhAratIya tattvajJAna sAthe brahma, AtmA, mAyA vagerene spaSTa karatI kathAo che. prANI kathA to vedamAM paNa che. chAMdogya upaniSadamAM bhojana mATe bhasI zake evA kUtarAnI zodhanI, haMso vaccenA saMvAdathI AkarSAtA reMkavanI, vRSabha, haMsa vagere dvArA upadeza prApta karatA satyakAmanI kathA che. vedottara sAhitya pachInA kathA sAhityanA sarvottama zRMga rAmAyaNa ane mahAbhArata che. prAcIna sAhityano A bIjo tabako pro. mekaDonala i.sa.pU. 500 thI i.sa.pU. 50nA varSano jaNAve che. vIracaritakALamAM kubera, gaNeza, kArtikeya, lakSmI, pArvatI jevAM navAM devadevIonI kathAo maLe che ane nAga, yakSa, gaMdharva, rAkSasa jevAM mAnavetara pAtrono kathAmA praveza thAya che. bhAratIya saMskRtinA AtmA jevA rAmAyaNa ane mahAbhAratanI kathAo bhAratIya AryonA saMgharSa ane samanvayano kathA dvArA itihAsa Ape che. mahAbhAratamA vedavyAsa kuruvaMzanI kathA sAthe pAMDava-kauravanA bhISaNa yuddhanI kathA Ape che. gItA jevo tattvajJAnano uttama grantha A kathAmAM maLyo che. rAmAyaNakathA dvArA vAlmIki uttama Adarza rAjya, rAjavI, daMpatI ane kuTuMba- citra Ape che. deza-videzanI aneka jAtio ane temanI bhASAomAM rAmakathA pahoMce che. purANasAhityamAM devadevIonA mAhAtmyanI sAthe ja aneka RSImunIo, rAjavIonI kathA maLe che. vipulasaMkhyAmAM lokakathAo purANomAM maLe che. A purANonuM sAhitya bhAratIya AryonA sAmAjika, rAjakIya, sAMskRtika itihAsanI sAmagrI pUrI pADe che. praziSTa saMskRtanA gALAmAM kathA nimitte uttama mahAkAvyo ane nATako maLe che. 'kAdaMbarI' jevI uttama kathA, dazakumAracarita, paMcadaMDa, hitopadeza, kathAsaritsAgara jevA kathAnA Akaragrantho paNa A dhArAmAM maLyA che. 2. bauddha sAhitya prAcIna paraMparA dharAvatA bauddha sAhitya, kathAsAhitya 1. piTaka 2.

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August-2004 jAtaka ane 3. avadAnamAM maLe che. 1. piTaka : dharmatattvane saraLa ane sarvagamya banAvavA mATe bauddha dharmamAM lokabhASAmAM kathAo kahevAi ane likhitarUpamAM pAli bhASAmAM saMgraha rUpa pAmI. A dharmanA sAriputta moggallAna, mahAprajApati, upAli, jIvaka vagerenI kathA piTakarmA maLe che. bhagavAna buddha dharmasiddhAMta samajAvI upadeza Apyo, tenI kathA vinaya piTakamAM che. jAtaka ane piTakanI kathAo vacceno mahattvano bheda e che ke A bannemAM AvatI kathAo buddha dvArA kahevAtI darzAvavAmAM AvI che, paraMtu jAtakanI badhI ja kathAone buddhanA pUrvabhava sAthe sAMkaLavAmAM AvI, evaM piTakamAM nathI. Ama chatAM piTakanI kathAo buddhanA jIvana para prakAza pADe che. keTalIka kathAo saMvAdamAM rajU thaI che. channa, assalAyana, dIghanikAya, majjhimanikAya vagere kathAo to hakIkatamUlaka che. aMgulimAla, raththapAla, makhAdeva vagere pAtra ne temanI kathAo piTakamAM che. vimAnavatthu ane petavatthunI kathAo sadkarmonAM pariNAma darzAvI karmanA siddhAMtane puSTa kare che. keTalAMka pAtro ane ghaTanAo kalpita hovA chatAM emAM vAstavika jIvananI bhUmikA jovA maLe che. saMsAranA mohamAMthI mukta banI vairAgya pAmatAM pAtronI kathAo paNa ahIM che. prakhyAta vidvAna viTaranitjha noMdhe che ke vArtAnA mAdhyame dharmano upadeza devA- pUrve pahelAM jANyu. pazcima pachI e mArge gayu. dhammapada ane jAtakanI jema petavaththu ane vimAnavatthunI TIkAo gadyamAM che. kathAnA dRSTAMtathI siddhAMtanuM spaSTIkaraNa karavAmAM Ave che. ahIM daMtakathA Legend paNa che. bauddha dharmano pracAra silona ane bIjA videzomAM thayo te sAthe bhAratanI kathAo cIna-jApAnamAM paNa pahoMcI. vinayapiTaka ane suttapiTakamAM buddhanA jIvananI vAstavika tathA kalpanAmUlaka kathAo che temAMthI suttapiTakanI nidAghakathA ghaDAi. 2. jAtaka : buddhanA pUrvabhava sAthe saMkaLAyelI kathAo jAtakamAM saMpAdita thaI che. kathAonA vaktA bhagavAna buddha pote che. ahIM saMskRti ane samAjanA sArabhUta tattva jevI aneka bhAratIya lokakathAo jAtakamAM che.

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84 anusaMdhAna-29 AvI kathAo pUrvabhavathI buddhanA jIvanano saMdarbha dharAvatI hovAthI loko dharmavRttithI A kathAo zraddhAthI sAMbhaLI amara banAvI. jAtakanI kathAo mukhyatve gadyamAM che. kathAno sAra ane bodhaupadeza padyamAM apAyA che. A prAcIna paraMparA che. olDanabarga ane vebara jevA kathAsAhityanA vidvAno jaNAve che ke bhAratIya kathAogeM mukhya mAdhyama gadya che, keTalAka padyAtmaka aMzo Akhe Akho vArtAne yAda rAkhavA mATe upayogI bane che. jAtakamAM padyanI saMkhyAne AdhAre kathAo- saMpAdana karavAmAM Avyu che. kula bAvIsa vibhAgo che. jema jema A vibhAgano krama AgaLa vadhe che, tema tema emAM AvatI kathAomAM prayojAtAM padyonI saMkhyA paNa vadhe che... 3. avadAna : avadAna (pAlimAM apadAna)no artha 'noMdhavAM jevAM kRtyo' thAya che. bauddha dharmamA dIkSita sAdhu-sAdhvIonAM jIvananI mahattvanI ghaTanAo para racAyelI kathAonA saMpAdanane avadAna kahevAmAM Ave che. jema buddhanA jIvana sAthe saMlagna kathA te jAtaka, tema bauddha therA (sAdhu) ane therI (sAdhvI)nI jIvana-AdhArita kathAo te avadAna. therAgAthAmAM paMcAvana vagga (varga) che ane dareka vargamA 10 avadAna che Ama kathAsaMkhyA pAMcasopacAsa che. therI gAthAmAM AvA cAra varga che. ahIM sAdhu-sAdhvIonAM jIvananI ghaTanAo pAtranA AtmakathanarUpe AlekhAya che. sAriputta, moggallAna, kassapa vagere prakhyAta therAnA ane mahAprajApati gotamI, khemA, kisA gotamI prakhyAta therIo che. nirAzApUrNa ane ApattibharI jIvananI yAtanAo vedanAo veThyAM pachI vairAgya pAmatAM pAtronI ahIM kathA maLe che. avadAna mukhyatve pAli bhASAmAM ja lakhAyelA che, paraMtu divyArAdhana, jAtakamAlA, kalpamaMDitikA jevI bauddha kathAsAhityanI racanAo saMskRtamAM paNa che. divyarAdhananI kathAnuM to i.sa. 265mAM cInI bhASAmAM bhASAntara paNa thayuM che. 1.1.4 jainakathAo, manovijJAna kathAonA manovijJAnane be cheDAothI tapAsI zakAya :

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August-2004 1. dharma sAthe kathAo saMkaLAi te pAchaLanAM manovaijJAnika kAraNo ke dRSTibindu ane 2. dharmasAhityamA AvatI kathAo, manovijJAna, eTale ke kathAonI zrotAo para paDatI manovaijJAnika asara. A banne pAsAM paraspara pUraka che. 1. kathA pAchaLa- manovijJAna prAcIna kALathI ja bhAratIya dharmoo ane te pachI vizvanA bIjA paNa dharmo dharmanA pracAra-prasAra-spaSTIkaraNa mATe vizeSa ane mukhya AdhAra kathAno lIdho, dharmanA tattvajJAna ane tenA sUkSma-saMkula siddhAMtone spaSTa ane sarvagrAhya banAvavA mATe dRSTAMta kathAono Azraya lIdho. niyama, vrata, japa, pATha, pUjana-arcana vagerenA prabhAva ane mAhAtmya mATe paNa kathAono AdhAra lIdho. dharmapaMthanI mukhya vyaktio ane temanAM jIvanakAryane tathA saMsthArUpa vividha sthApatyo ane pavitra tIrtho sAthe paNa kathAo sAMkaLavAmAM AvI. ____ Ama karavA pAchaLanuM spaSTa kAraNa e che ke kathA dvArA koI paNa sUkSma ane saMkula vAta saraLa ane sarvagrAhya bane che. kathA dvArA zrotAnA manahadayamAM navI sRSTi racAya che ane tenI ja kAyamI asara par3e che. kathA dvArA dharmano ane saMskRtino itihAsa jaLavAya che ane te anuyAyIne preraNA ane niSThA, zraddhA Ape che. AvaM kArya dharma sAthe ja jene sIdho saMbaMdha che tevI dharmakathA kare che. paraMtu dareka dharmapaMthoe potAnAM dharma-paraMparA sAthe sIdho saMbaMdha na hoya evI lokapriya ane manoraMjaka lokakathAono paNa thoDAM parivartano sAthe upayoga karyo che. AnuM kAraNa e che ke A prakAranI kathAo eTalI rocaka, camatkArayukta, prabhAvazALI ane lokapriya hoya che ke dharmAnuyAyI vArtAnA rase paNa vaktavya-upadezAdi sAMbhaLe ane tenI asara grahaNa karIne enI dharmazraddhAnA saMskAro dRDha thAya. kathAnuM AIM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hovAthI pratyeka dharmamAM kathAne agra sthAna ane mahattva maLyAM che.

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anusaMdhAna-29 2. jainakathAogeM manovijJAna : jainadharmamAM paNa kathAo dharmanA tattvajJAnane spaSTa ane sarvagrAhya banAvavA prayojAi. tIrthaMkaro, tIrtho, vrata-niyama vagerenAM prabhAva ane mAhAtmya mATe paNa kathAono upayoga thayo. manoraMjaka lokakathAo zrotAone AkarSavA ane e dvArA jJAna-upadeza ApavA mATe ghaTatAM parivartano sAthe rajU karavAmAM AvI. A uparAMta paNa eka vizeSa ane viziSTa zakti bauddha ane jaina kathAomAM che. A banne dharmanI kathAomAM saMsAranI asAratA ane vairAgyavRttinA saMskAro dRDha karavAnI zakti che. A dRSTile A kathAo viSayalolupa saMsArI jIvonI mAnasika rIte sAravAra karavAnI paddhati che. moTA bhAganA dharmo mANasanI ajJAta tattva sAmenI bhayavRtti ane badhA ja prakAranI mANasanI icchAo, AzAo, AkAMkSAone saMtoSe ane prArthanA ane pazcAttApa karye badhAM ja gunAo-pAponI mAphI Ape evA dayALu pitA jevA izvaranI kalpanAthI anuyAyIone dharma tarapha AkarSIne dharmAbhimukha rAkhavAno manovaijJAnika abhigama apanAve che. 'dha proDigAla sana' nI bAyabalakathAmAM ernu mUrta rUpa che. paraMtu bhAratIya tattvajJAnamA karma ane tenAM phaLa ke pariNAmano siddhAMta AthI jUdo ja che. mANasane, prANImAtrane tenAM karmonAM phaLa bhogavye ja chUTako che, emAM japa tapa pazcAttApathI koI trIjI mahAsattAnA hastakSepa ane mAphIno svIkAra nathI. prANImAtre jAte ja karmanAM phaLa hasate ke raDate mukhe bhogavavAnAM ja che. A siddhAMtane kAraNe jainadharmanI kathAo kramavipAka rUpe je kaMI yAtanA-kaSTAdi paDe te sahana karavAnI ja nahIM, sAme pagale jAte ja te badhuM vahorI levAnI mAnasika zakti kathAnA mAdhyame mANasane siddha karAvI Ape che.. AthI ja jainadharmanI kathAomAM mAnasika ane zArIrika yAtanAnAM Alekhano thayAM che. jIvatAM saLagAvI mUkavAmAM AvyAM hoya, vege doDatAM rathanAM cakro nIce dabAi kacaDAine maratAM hoya, hiMsaka pazuonAM tINAM nahora ane dAMtathI mRtyunA mukhamA homAtAM hoya, potAnA ja hAthe potAnAM ja zarIra para saDelA bhAgomAMthI kharatAM kIDAMne pharI potAnAM ghAvanA dhArAM para mUkIne jAte ja kALI baLatarAnI asahya vedanAno anubhava karatAM hoya evAM pAtro jaina

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August-2004 kathAomAM ja maLaze. anya AvAM pAtro ane Alekhano bhAgye ja maLaze. AvI kathAo ja jijIviSAnA prabaLa utkaTatama AkarSaNathI mukta thavAthI mAnasika zakti siddha karI Ape che. indriyajanya upabhogathI manane mukta karavAnI keLavaNI paNa AvI kathAo dvArA maLe che. dehano adhyAsa chUTe ane dehathI AtmA bhinna ane taTastha draSTA che, e sthitinA anubhava mATenI mAnasika siddhi, sajjatA AvI kathAo Ape che. saMsAranA saMbaMdho mithyA che evaM samudradatta-samudradattAnI tera nAtarAnI kathA siddha kare che. enA mithyApaNAnI pratIti karAve che. saMsAranA vyAmohathI mukta rahevAnA hetua ja kAmakathAmAM skhalananAM gADhAM citro AlekhAyA che. Ama eka prakAranI manovaijJAnika sAravAra karavAnaM kArya AvI kathAo kare che. pUraka vigata ane mAhitI [1] kathAnA prakAra : 1. agnipurANa, adhyAya 337 pramANe 1. AkhyAyikA, 2. kathA, 3. khaMDakathA, 4. parikathA, 5. kathAnaka 2. haribhadrAcArya pramANe 1. arthakathA 2. kAmakathA, 3. dharmakathA ane 4. saMkIrNakathA 3. dhvanyAloka (AnaMdavardhana) pramANe : 1. parikathA, 2. sakalakathA, 3. khaMDakathA, 4. AkhyAyikA, 5. kathA kAvyAnuzAsana (hemacaMdrAcArya) pramANe kathAnA 1. upAkhyAna, 2. AkhyAna, 3. nidarzana 4. pravalhikA, 5. manthallikA, 6. maNikulyA, 7. parikathA, 8. khaMDakathA, 9. sakalakathA, 10. upakathA, 11. bRhatkathA. (vizeSa vigata mATe juo : madhyakAlIna gujarAtI kathAsAhitya: Do. hasu yAjJika, gujarAta sAhitya akAdamI, gAMdhInagara, 1988, pR. 17 thI 29)

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88 anusaMdhAna-29 [2] jaina kathAo 1. kai kathA kayA vratAdi sAthe joDAI che teno saMdarbha : devadravyabhakSaNa : saMkAsa zrAvaka abhigraha : jIrNazeTha saMkliSTakaSAya : agnizikha, aruNa muni, bALamuni zrAvakavrata : zrAvakaputra sadAcAra : sudarzana zIla : zIlavatI aNuvrata : zrImati ane somA ahiMsA : kuTuMbamArI satyavrata : vahANavaTI brahmacarya : patimArikA IryAsamiti : varadatta muni bhASAsamiti : saMgata sAdhu eSaNAsamiti : naMdiSeNa cothI samiti : somila muni pAriSThApanikA samiti : dharmaruci pAMcamI samiti : nAgazrI puruSArtha-prArabdha para : puNyasAra-vikramasAra apramAdasevana : telapAtradhAraka jAtismaraNa : rAjaputra bhAvAbhyAsa : nara suMdarI (vigata mATe : AnaMda-hema-granthamAlA : puSpa : 18 prA. upadezapada mahAgranthano gUrjara anuvAda : A.zrI. hemasAgarasUri, paM. lAlacaMdra bha. gAMdhI, muMbaI, I.sa. 1972)

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August-2004 89 2. tIrthaMkarAdi gautamasvAmi neminAtha 'mahAvIrasvAmI jaMbUsvAmI bharatezvara-bAhubalI brahmadattacakravartI zreNika vasuteja jayAnaMdakevalI kumArapAla pAdalipta paurANika padmacarita vasudevahiMDI naladamayaMtI zrAvakAdi koSThazeTha puSpacUlA zAla-mahAzAla-gAgalI gautama-puMDarika AryamahAgiri, suhasti avaMtisukumAla aMgAramardaka-goviMdavAcaka meghakumAra purohita putrIo : rati, buddhi, Rddhi, guNasuMdarI zaMkha-kalAvatI

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90 anusaMdhAna-29 ilAkumAra uttamakumAra sthUlabhadra-rathika lokakathAtmaka mUladeva-zazadhara naMda-suMdarI aMbaDa vidyAdhara caMDapradyota-mRgAvatI-aMgAravatI udayana-vAsavadattA caMdragupta-cANakya vikrama, vikramacarita, vikramasena, siMhAsanabatrIzI, vetALapacIzI, paMcadaMDa, khAparo cora, zanizcara mAdhavAnala-kAmakaMdalA DholAmAru ArAmazobhA udayasuMdarI, karpUramaMjarI, malayasuMdarI, rasamaMjarI caMdana-malayAgarI, sadevaMta-sAvaliMgA, citrasena-padmAvatI haMsAvatI-vacharAja-devarAja devadattA-ratisenA-vasaMtasenA (vizeSa vigata : madhyakAlIna gujarAtI jaina sAhitya : saM. jayaMta koThArI, kAMtibhAI zAha, zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya muMbai, 1993mAM; jainakathAsAhitya : keTalIka lAkSaNikatA, hasu yAjJika : pR. 20 thI 33) 3, zItala plAjhA, lADa sosA. pAse, vastrApura-boDakadeva, amadAvAda-54