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________________ jaina dRSTi meM dharma kA svarupa pro. sAgaramala jaina mAnava prakRti: manuSya vizva kA zreSThatam prANI hai, usase zreSTha anya kucha bhI nhiiN| phira bhI mAnava astitva jaTila (Complex), virodhAbhAsa pUrNa (Paradoxical) aura bahu-AyAmI (Multi-dimension) hai| manuSya mAtra jaivika saMracanA nahIM hai, usameM vivekAtmaka cetanA bhI hai| zarIra mAtra cetanA yaha hamAre astitva ke mukhya do pakSa hai| zarIra se vAsanA aura cetanA kA prasphuTana hotA hai| manuSya kI yaha vivazatA hai ki use vAsanA aura viveka ke ina do staroM para jIvana jInA hotA hai| usake sAmane zarIra apanI mAMga prastuta karatA hai, to viveka apanI mAMga prastuta karatA hai| eka aura dehika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karanA hotI hai, to dUsarI aura viveka dvArA nirdhArita jIvana jIne ke kucha AdarzoM kA parikhAlana bhI karanA hotA hai| vAsanA aura viveka ke saMgharSa ko jhelanA yahI mAnava kI sthiti hai| yadyapi jIvana jIne ke lie zArIrika mAMgo ko pUrNata: ThukarAyA nahIM jA sakatA hai, kintu eka vivekazIla prANI ke rupa meM manuSya kA yaha bhI dAyitva banatA hai, ki vaha andha vAsanA-cAlita jIvana se Upara utthe| vAsanAtmaka AvegoM se mukti pAnA yahI mAnava-jIvana kA lakSya hai| manuSya eka vivekazIla prANI hai| jahA~ pazu kA jIvana-vyavahAra pUrNata: jaivika-vAsanAoM se niyaMtrita hotA hai, vahA~ manuSya kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki vaha viveka ke tatva dvArA apane vAsanAtmaka jIvana para bhI niyaMtraNa kara sakatA hai aura isI meM mAnavIya AtmA meM anusyUta svataMtratA kI abhivyakti hai| pazu kA jIvana vyavahAra pUrNata: prakRti ke andhayAntrika niyamoM se cAlita hotA hai, ata: vaha paratantra hai, jaba ki manuSya prakRti ke yAntrika niyamoM se upara uThakara jIvana jIne kI kSamatA rakhatA hai, ata: usameM svataMtratA yA mukta hone ko sambhAvanA bhI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jahA~ pazu jIvana meM vikAsa aura patana kI sambhAvanAeM atyanta sImita hotI hai, vahA~ manuSya meM vikAsa aura patana kI ananta sambhAvanAeM hai| vaha vikAsa kI dizA meM Age bar3he to devatva se upara uTha sakatA hai aura patana kI dizA meM nIce gire to pazu se bhI nIce gira sakatA hai| ise jaina dharma kI bhASA meM kaheM to manuSya hI vizva meM aisA prANI hai, jo eka aura AdhyAtmika patana ke dvArA nArakIya jIvana ke nimnatma stara (saptama naraka) ko prApta kara sakatA hai, to dUsarI aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke dvArA mukti ke param sAdhya ko prApta kara sakatA hai| manuSya kI isa AdhyAtmika vikAsa yAtrA ko dharma ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai| mAnava kI vikAsa yAtrA kA sopAna: sAmAnyatayA AcAra aura vyavahAra ke kucha vidhi-vidhAnoM ke paripAlana ko dharma kahA jAtA hai| dharma hameM yaha batAtA hai, ki yaha karo aura yaha mata karo, kintu AcAra ke ina bAhya niyamoM ke paripAlana mAtra ko dharma mAna lenA bhI eka bhrAnti hI hai| AcAra aura vyavahAra ke bAhya niyama dharma ke zarIra to avazya haiM, kintu ve rdhama kI AtmA nahIM hai| dharma kI AtmA to usa vivekapUrNa jIvana-dRSTi athavA samatA rupI sAdhya kI upalabdhi meM nihita hotI hai, jo AcAra aura vyavahAra ke ina sthUla niyamoM kA mUla-hArda hai| yahI vivekapUrNa jIvana-dRSTi hI AcAra-vyavahAra kI una maryAdAoM evaM vidhi-niSedhoM kI sUjaka hai, jau vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika jIvana meM samatA aura zAMti ke saMsthApaka haiM aura jinheM sAmAnyatayA dharma yA sadAcAra ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| mRtyu ke samaya saMta ke darzana, saMta kA upadeza aura saMgha kA sAnidhya to param auSadhi rupa hotA hai| 317
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________________ vaidika eva zramaNa dharma-paramparAeM aura unakA vaiziSThayaH bhAratIya dharmo ko mukhya rupa se vaidika aura zramaNa ina do vargo meM vibhAjita kiyA jAtA hai| isa vibhAjaka kA mUla AdhAra unakI pravRttimUlaka aura nivRttimUlaka jIvana dRSTiyAM hai, jo kramazaH unakI vAsanA aura bhAvAvega janita jaivika mUlyoM evaM viveka janita AdhyAtmika mUlyoM para AdhArita hai| sAmAnyatayA vaidika dharma ko pravRttimUlaka aura zramaNa dharma ko nivRttimUlaka kahA jAtA hai| yadyapi Aja vaidika dharma aura zramaNa dharmo kI vividha jIvita paramparAoM ke bIca pravRtti aura nivRtti ke ina AdhAroM para koI vibhAjaka rekhA khIMca pAnA kaThina hai, kyoMki Aja kisI bhI dharma-paramparA yA dharma sampradAya ko pUrNa rUpa se pravRttimUlaka yA nivRttimUlaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| jahA~ eka aura vaidika dharma meM aupaniSadika cintana ke kAla se hI nivRttimUlaka tatva praviSTa hone lage aura vaidika karma-kANDa, ihalaukikavAda evaM bhogavAdI jIvana-dRSTi samAlocanA kA viSaya banI, vahIM dUsarI ora zramaNa paramparAoM meM bhI dharma-saMghoM kI sthApanA ke sAtha hI saMgha aura samAja vyavasthA ke rupa meM kucha pravRttimUlaka avadhAraNAoM ko svIkAra kiyA gayA aura isa prakAra lokakalyANa ke pAvana uddezya ko lekara donoM paramparAe~ eka-dUsare ke nikaTa A gayIM / jaina - jIvana dRSTi: jaina dharma kI AcAra paramparA yadyapi nivRttimUlaka jIvana-dRSTi pradhAna hai, parantu usameM sAmAjika aura aihika jIvana mUlyoM kI pUrNa upekSA kI gaI ho, yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| usameM bhI jaivika evaM sAmAjika jIvana-mUlyoM ko samucita sthAna milA hai| phira bhI itanA nizcita hai ki jaina dharma meM jo pravRttimUlaka tattva praviSTa hue haiM, unake pIche bhI mUla lakSya to nivRtti yA saMnyAsa hI hai / nivRttimUlakaM dharma se yahA~ hamArA tAtparya usa dharma se hai jo sAMsArika jIvana aura aindrika viSaya-bhogoM ko garhaNIya mAnatA hai aura jIvana ke caram lakSya ke rupa meM saMnyAsa aura nirvANa ko svIkRta karatA hai| Aja bhI ye zramaNa paramparAeM nirvANa ko hI param sAdhya svIkRta karatI hai| Aja saMnyAsa aura nirvANa ko jIvana kA sAdhya mAnanevAle zramaNa dharmo meM mukhya rupa se jaina aura baudhda dharma hI jIvita hai| yadyapi AjIvaka Adi kucha anya zramaNa paramparAyeM bhI thIM, jo yA to kAla ke garbha meM samAhita ho gayIM hai yA bRhad hindu dharma kA eka aMga bane gayIM hai| aba unakA pRthak astitva nahIM pAyA jAtA hai| jahAM taka jaina dharma kA prazna hai, paramparAgata dRSTi se yaha isa kAlacakra meM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva dvArA pravartita mAnA jAtA hai, RSabhadeva prAgaaitihAsika kAla ke tIrthaMkara haiN| durbhAgya se Aja hamAre pAsa unake sambandha meM bahuta adhika aitihAsika sAkSya upalabdha nahIM hai| vaidika sAhitya meM ullikhita RSabha kI kucha stutiyoM aura vAtarasanA muniyoM ke ullekha se hama kevala itanA hI kaha sakate haiM ki vaidika yuga meM koI zramaNa yA saMnyAsamArgI paramparA pracalita thI jo sAMsArika viSaya bhogoM se nivRtti para aura tapa tathA dhyAna sAdhanA kI padhdati para bala detI thii| isI nivRttimArgI paramparA kA agrima vikAsa eka aura vaidika dhArA ke sAtha samanvaya evaM samAyojana karate hue aupaniSadika dhArA ke rupa meM tathA dUsarI aura svataMtra rUpa meM yAtrA karate hue jaina (nirgrantha) baudhda evaM AjIvaka Adi anya zramaNa paramparAoM ke rUpa meM huaa| Aja yaha mAnanA bhrAntipUrNa hogA ki koI bhI dharma paramparA pUrNa rupa se nivRtti pradhAna yA pravRtti pradhAna hokara jIvita raha sakatI hai| vastutaH nivRtti aura pravRtti ke sambandha meM ekAntika dRSTikoNa na to vyAvahArika hai aura na manovaijJAnika / manuSya jaba taka manuSya hai, mAnavIya AtmA mahApuruSo kI prabhAvI rUpa meM mAtra uDatI karaNa raja bhI ghara meM paDa jAya to dainyatA naSTa ho jAtI hai| 318 For Private Personal Use Only
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________________ jaba taka zarIra ke sAtha yojita hokara jIvana jItI hai, taba taka ekAnta pravRtti aura ekAnta nivRtti kI bAta karanA samucita nahIM hai| yadyapi jaina paramparA ko hama nivRtti mArgI paramparA kahate hai, kintu use bhI ekAnta rupa se nivRtti pradhAna mAnanA, eka bhrAMti hI hogii| yadyapi jaina dharma ke AcAra granthoM meM pramukha rupa se nivRtti mArga kI carcA dekhI jAtI hai, kintu unameM bhI aneka saMdarbha aise haiN| jahA~ nivRtti aura pravRtti ke bIca eka saMtulana banAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| ata: jo vicAraka jaina dharma ko ekAMta rupa se nivRttiparaka mAnakara usake dharma-granthoM meM upalabdha sAmAjika aura vyAvahArika pakSa kI upekSA karate haiM, ve vastuta: ajJAna meM hI jIte haiN| yadyapi yaha satya hai ki jaina AcAryoM ne tapa aura tyAga para adhika bala diyA hai, kintu isakA tAtparya itanA hI hai ki vyakti apanI vAsanAoM se Upara utthe| jaina-acAryoM ne jitanA bhI upadezAtmaka aura vairAgya-pradhAna sAhitya nirmita kiyA hai, usakA lakSya manuSya ko vAsanAtmaka jIvana se Upara uThAkara usakA AdhyAtmika vikAsa karanA hai unakI dRSTi meM dharma aura sAdhanA vyakti ke AdhyAtmika abhyutthAna ke lie hai aura adhyAtma kA artha hai vAsanAoM para viveka kA shaasn| phira bhI hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki koI dharma yA sAdhanA-padhdati jaivika aura sAmAjika jIvana-mUlyoM kI pUrNata: upekSA nahIM kara sakatI hai, kyoMki yahI vaha AdhAra bhUmi hai jahAM se AdhyAtmika vikAsa yAtrA Arambha kI jA sakatI hai| jainoM ke anusAra dharma aura adhyAtma kA kalpavRkSa samAja aura jIvana ke AMgana meM hI vikasita hotA hai| dhArmika hone ke liye sAmAjika honA Avazyaka hai| jaina dharma meM jina-kalpa aura sthavira-kalpa ke rupa meM jina do AcAra mArgoM kA pratipAdana hai, unameM sthavira-kalpa, jo jana-sAdhAraNa ke lie hai, samAja jIvana yA saMghIya jIvana meM rahakara hI sAdhanA karane kI anuzaMsA karatA hai| vastuta: samAja-jIvana yA saMghIya-jIvana pravRtti aura nivRtti kA samela hai| samAja jIvana bhI tyAga ke bala para hI khar3A hotA hai| jaba vyApaka hitoM ke liye kSudra svArtho ke visarjana kI bhAvanA balavatI hotI hai, tabhI samAja khaDA hotA hai| ata: samAja-jIvana yA saMghIya-jIvana meM sajana aura visarjana tathA rAga aura virAga kA sundara samanvaya hai| jise Aja hama "dharma" kahate haiM vaha bhI pUrNata: nijI yA vaiyaktika sAdhanA nahIM hai| usameM vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha svastha samAja kA nirmANa bhI anusyUta hai| jaina AgamoM meM dharma kA svarupa: dharma kI vibhinna vyAkhAeM aura paribhASaeM dI gaI hai| pUrva-pazcima ke vidvAnoM ne dharma ko vividha rUpoM meM dekhane aura samajhane kA prayatna kiyA hai| sAmAnyatayA AcAra aura vicAra kI eka viziSTa praNAlI ko dharma kahA jAtA hai kintu jahAM taka jaina paramparA kA prazna hai, usameM dharma ko sva-svarupa kI upalabdhi ke athavA AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke eka sAdhana ke rupa meM mAnA gayA hai| jainAcAryoM ne dharma kI aneka paribhASA prastuta kI hai, unameM eka paribhASA "vatthasahAvoM dhammo" ke rupa meM kI hai| jaba hama yaha kahate haiM ki Aga kA dharma uSNatA aura jala kA dharma zItalatA hai to yahAM dharma se tAtparya unake svabhAva se hI hotA hai| yadyapi vastu-svabhAva ke rupa meM dharma kI yaha paribhASA satya aura prAmANika hai, kintu isase dharma ke svarupa ke sambandha meM hameM koI spaSTa dizA nirdeza nahIM milatA hai| jaba hama dharma kI vyAkhyA vastu-svabhAva ke rupa meM karate haiM, to hamAre sAmane mUla prazna manuSya ke mUla svabhAva ke sambandha meM hI utpanna hotA hai| manuSya eka cetana prANI hai aura eka cetana 1) dhammovatthu tahAvo, khamAdibhAvo ya dasaviho dhmmo| raNayattayaM ca dhammo jAvANAM rakkhanaM dhmme|| bArasva annuvekkhaa| krtiky| kartavya ke prati niSThA jahAM dRDha hotI haiM, vahAM mana meM utsAha kI auDha meM nairAzya AtA hI nahIM hai| 319
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________________ prANI ke rupa meM usakA dharma yA svabhAva caitasika samatva kI upalabdhi hai| yahAM caitasika samatva kA tAtparya vibhinna anukUla evaM pratikUla anubhUtiyoM meM cetanA ke stara para avicalita rahanA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM samatva kA artha jJAtA draSTA bhAva meM sthita rahanA hai| vastutaH yaha rAga aura dveSa ke tattva hamArI cetanA ke samatva ko vicalita karate haiM ataH rAga-dveSa janya vikSobhoM se rahita cetanA kI samabhAva meM avasthiti hI usakA sva-svabhAva hai aura yahI dharma hai| vaiyaktika dharmaH samatAH vyAkhyAprajJapti sUtra meM Atma svabhAva kI carcA karate hue yaha prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki AtmA kyA hai aura usakA sAdhya yA lakSya kyA hai? jaina AcAryoM ne isa sambandha meM apane uttara meM kahA hai ki AtmA samatva rUpa hai aura usa samatva ko prApta kara lenA yahI usakA lakSya hai / AcArAMga sUtra meM isI dRSTikoNa ke AdhAra para dharma ko samatA ke rupa meM paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki "AryajanoM ne samabhAva meM dharma kahA hai, " 2 vastutaH samabhAva ke rUpa meM dharma kI yaha paribhASA dharma kI svabhAva paraka paribhASA se bhinna nahIM hai| mAnavIya evaM prANI prakRti yahI hai ki vaha sadaiva hI tanAvoM se rahita samatva kI sthiti ko pAnA cAhatA hai ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve sabhI tathya, jo cetanA ke isa samatva ko bhaMga karate haiM, vikAra, vibhAva yA adharma haiM, isake viparIta jIvana vyavahAra ke ve sabhI tathya jinase vaiyatika aura sAmAjika jIvana meM samatA kI sthApanA hotI hai dharma kahA jA sakate haiN| jaba hama dharma ko vaiyaktika dRSTi se paribhASita karanA cAhate hai to use nizcaya hI samabhAva ke rUpa meM paribhASita karanA hogaa| saMkSepa meM kaheM to samatA dharma hai aura mamatA adharma yA pApa hai, kyoMki samatA ke dvArA AtmA samAdhi yA zAMti kI sthiti meM hotA hai aura yahI usakI avikArI avasthA yA svabhAva- dazA hai| jabaki mamatA ke kAraNa vaha tanAva evaM mAnasika asaMtulana se grasta hotA hai, ataH mamatA vikArI avasthA yA vibhAva-dazA hai| sAmAjika dharma: ahiMsAH vaiyaktika mamatA ke ye tatva, jaba bAhya rUpa meM abhivyakta hokara hamAre sAmAjika jIvana ko prabhAvita karate hai, to ve hiMsA aura saMgharSa ko janma dete haiM mamatA ke kAraNa adhikAMza Adhipatya, saMgraha aura zoSaNa kI vRttiyoM kA udaya hotA hai| vyakti apane aura parAye kI dIvAreM khIMcatA hai, jisake pariNAmata: samAja jIvana meM saMgharSa aura hiMsA kA janma hotA hai aura inhIM saMgharSo aura hiMsaka vyavahAroM ke kAraNa sAmAjika jIvana kA samatva yA sAmAjika zAMti bhaMga ho jAtI hai| AcArAMga sUtra meM isI sAmAjika jIvana vyavahAra ke dRSTikoNa ke AdhAra para dharma kI eka dUsarI paribhASA bhI dI gaI hai, usameM kahA gayA hai ki "bhUtakAla meM jo arhat hue haiM, vartamAna meM haiM athavA bhaviSya meM hoMge ve saba yaha prajJApita karate haiM athavA vyAkhyAyita karate haiM ki kisI prANa, bhUta jIva yA satva ko pIDA nahIM denA cAhie, unakA ghAta nahIM karanA cAhie, unakI hiMsA nahIM karanI caahie| yahI zAzvat zuddha evaM nitya dharma hai| * 1) AyA sAmAiNa, sAnAissa auTe vyakhyApajJapti 2) samayArA dhamme AriehiM pveie| - AcArAMga 1/5/3/157 ( ca0 pR030) 3) se bemi- jeya atItA je ya paDappaNA je ya AgamesmA arahaMtA bhagavaMtA savve ta emavAikkhaMti, evaM bhAseMti, evaM paNaveMti, evaM pati savve pANA jAva savve sattANa haMtavvA ga ajjAveyavvA Na paridhetavvA, Na paritAveyavvA Na ucheveyavvA, esa dhamme dhuve Nitie sAsate, sameca loga khetannehiM pavevite / 320 AcArAMga 1/4/131-132/ (ca0pR033) sUtrakRtAMgara / 1 / 680 ( ca0pU0 216) kisI bhI choTe-bar3e maMtra kI ArAdhanA meM siddhi tana, mana aura prANa kI ekAgratA ke binA hotI hI nhiiN|
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________________ isa prakAra hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki jaina AcAra zAstrIya granthoM meM vaiyaktika dRSTi se samatA aura sAmAjika dRSTi se ahiMsA ko dharma kahA gayA hai| dharma sadAcAra yA sadguNa ke rupa meM: prakArAMtara se ardhamAgadhI aura zaurasenI jaina Agama sAhitya meM kSamA, saralatA, nirlobhatA, satyatA, saMyama Adi ko bhI dharma ke rUpa meM paribhASita kiyA gayA hai| 1 AcArAMga meM kSamA Adi sadguNoM ko dharma kahA gayA hai|5 2 sthAnAMga meM kSamA, alobha, saralatA, mRdulatA, ladhutva, satya, saMyama, tapa, tyAga aura brahmacaryavAsa Adi dharma ke 10 rupa pratipAdita kIe gaye hai| 3 kArtikeyAnuprekSA meM bhI kSamAdi dasa sadguNoM ko dasavidha-dharma ke rupa meM paribhASita kiyA gayA vastuta: yaha dharma kI sadguNaparaka yA naitika paribhASA hai| ve sabhI sadguNa jo sAmAjika samatA ko banAe rakhate haiM sAmAjika samatva ke saMsthApana se dharma kahe gae haiN| kSamAdi ina sadguNoM kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki ye vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika donoM hI jIvana meM samatva yA zAMti saMsthApana karate haiN| vastuta: dharma kI isa vyAkhyA ko saMkSepa meM hama yaha kaha kara prakaTa kara sakate haiM ki saguNa kA AcaraNa yA sadAcaraNa hI dharma hai aura durguNa kA AcaraNa yA durAcaraNa hI adharma hai| isa prakAra jaina AcAryoM ne dharma aura nIti athavA dharma aura sadguNa meM tAdAtmya sthApita kiyA hai, unake anusAra dharma aura anaitika jIvana sahagAmI nahIM ho skte| pAzcAtya vicAraka breDale ke anusAra bhI vaha dharma jo anaitikatA kA sahagAmI hai vastuta: dharma nahIM adharma hai| dharma: jinAjJA kA pAlana: AcArAMga meM dharma kI eka anya paribhASA hameM isa rupa meM milatI hai ki AjJA pAlana meM dharma hai| tIrthaMkara yA vItarAga puruSoM ke AdezoM kA pAlana hI dharma hai| AcArAMga meM mahAvIra spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM ki mAnavoM ke liye merA nirdeza hai ki merI AjJA kA pAlana karanA hI dharma hai| yahAM AjJA-pAlana kA tAtparya sadguNoM ko jIvana meM apanAnA hai| yahI dharma kA vyavahArika pakSa hai| AcArAMga meM upalabdha dharma kI yaha paribhASA hameM mImAMsA darzana meM upalabdha dharma kI usa paribhASA kI smRti dilA detI hai jahAM dharma ko 5) AcArAMga 1/615 6) dasavide samaNa dhamme pAraNatte taM jahA~ - khaMti, mukti, ajjave, maddave, lAghave, sace, saMjaye, tave, cicAe, bNbhcervaase|| sthAnAMga 10/712/(ca0 pR0 31) sAtavya hai ki AcArAMga 1/6/5, samavAyAMga 10/1, bArassa aNuveksA, tatvArtha 9/6 AdI meM inakA ullekha hai yadApI AcArAMga aura sthAnAMga kI sUcImeM kucha nAma bheda hai| vaidika paramparA meM manusmRti 10/63, 6/92, mahAbhArata Adi parva 60/15, meM bhI kucha nAma bheda ke sAtha inake ullekha hai| zrImadbhAgavat meM 4/49 dharma kI patniyoM evaM putroM ke rupa meM sadguNoM kA ullekha hai| 7) bArassaaNuvekkhA/ (kArtikeya) /478 8) ANAe mAmagaM dhamma-esa uttaravAde iha mANavANaM viyaahie| - AcArAMga 1/0/2/185 (ca.pR. 30) karma kI sattA (prabhAva) kise nahIM bhoganI paDI hai? 321
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________________ codanA (preraNA) lakSaNa kahakara paribhASita kiyA gayA hai aura jinake anusAra veda vihita vidhAnoM ke pAlana ko dharma kahA gayA hai| dharma sAmAjika-dAyitva kA nirvahana: sthAnAMga sUtra meM dharma kI vyAkhyA ke eka anya sandarbha meM rASTra dharma, nagara dharma, grAma dharma, kula dharma, gaNa dharma Adi kA bhI ullekha huA hai| 10 yahA~ dharma kA tAtparya rASTra, grAma, nagara, kula, gaNa Adi ke prati hamAre jo kartavya yA dAyitva hai, unake paripAlana se hai| ina dharmoM ke pratipAlana kA uddezya vyakti ko acchA nAgarika banAnA hai, tAki sAmAjika aura pArivArika jIvana ke saMgharSoM aura tanAvoM ko kama kiyA jA sake tathA vaiyaktika jIvana ke sAtha-sAtha sAmAjika jIvana meM bhI zAMti aura samatA kI sthApanA kI jA ske| dharma kI vividha paribhASAoM meM pArasparika sAmaMjasya: jaina paramparA meM upalabdha dharma kI ina vividha paribhASAoM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina AcAryoM ne dharma ko kabhI bhI rUDhi yA viziSTa prakAra ke karma-kANDoM ke paripAlana ke rUpa meM nahIM dekhA hai| unakI dRSTi meM dhArmika sAdhanA kA mukhya uddezya vyakti ke caitasika jIvana meM upasthita pAzavika vAsanAoM evaM una kaSAyajanya AvegoM kA parizodhana kara usakI AdhyAtmika cetanA ko samatva zAMti yA samAdhi kI dizA meM agrasara karanA hai| yadyapi jaina dharma meM sAdhanA aura upAsanA kI viziSTa paddhatiyAM anuzaMsita hai phira bhI una sabakA tAtparya vyakti kI prasupta cetanA ko jAgRta kara use apanI AdhyAtmika durbalatAoM kA bodha karAnA hai tathA yaha dikhAnA hai ki usakI Avegajanya tanAvapUrNa caitasika sthiti ke kAraNa kyA hai? aura una kAraNoM kA nirAkaraNa kara kisa prakAra AdhyAtmika zuddha svarUpa prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai? jaba sthAnAMgasUtra meM dharma kA kSamA Adi sadguNoM se jo tAdAtmya batAyA gayA hai, to usakA tAtparya bhI yahI hai ki vyakti ina guNoM ko apane jIvana meM apanA kara caitasika samatva yA zAMti kA anubhava karatA huA apanI AdhyAtmika vikAsa-yAtrA yA svarupa kI upalabdhi kI dizA meM Age bar3ha ske| / vastuta: ina sadaguNoM kI sAdhanA kA tAtparya bhI yahI hai ki vyakti kI vAsanAeM aura mAnasika tanAva kama ho aura vaha apanI zuddha, svAbhAvika tanAva-rahita evaM zAMta AtmadazA kI anubhUti kara ske| yadi hama saMkSepa meM kaheM to jaina dRSTi se dharma vibhAva se svabhAva kI ora yAtrA hai| kaSAya aura durguNa yA duSpravRttiyAM manuSya kI vibhAva dazA athavA para-pariNati kI sUcaka hai, kyoMki ye para ke nimitta se hotI hai| inakI upasthiti meM vyakti mAnasika tanAvoM se yukta hokara jIvana jItA hai tathA usakI AdhyAtmika zAMti aura AdhyAtmika samatA bhaMga ho jAtI hai| ata: kaSAyoM ke nirAkaraNa ke dvArA vyakti kI khoI huI Adhyatmika zakti ko pUna: prApta karanA athavA samatva dazA yA svabhAva meM sthita honA yahI dharma kA mUla uddezya hai| koI bhI dhArmika sAdhanA padhdati yA ArAdhanA yadi use vibhAva se svabhAva kI ora, mamatA se samatA kI ora, mAnasika AvegoM aura tanAvoM se AdhyAtmika zAMti kI ora le jAtI hai to vaha sArthaka kahI jA sakatI hai, anyathA vaha nirarthaka hotI hai| kyoMki jo AcaraNa 9) mImAMsA sUtra 1/1/2. 10) dasavihe dhamme paNNatte taM jahAMgAmadhamme, nayara dhamme, raThThadhamme, paMkhaMDa dhamme, phuladhamme, gaNadhamme, suyadhamme, carittadhamme, atthikaaydhmme| 322 isI prakAra jaba azubha karmo kA udayakAla hotA hai taba mAnava dhAraNa kIye hue kAryo ko karane se cUka jAtA hai, gira jAtA hai|
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________________ vaiyaktika yA sAmAjika samatA ko bhaMga karatA hai vaha dharma nahIM adharma hI hai| isake viparIta jo AcaraNa vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika jIvana meM samatA yA zAnti lAtA hai, vaha dharma hai| jaba hama dharma ko vItarAga prabhu ke prati ananya AsthA yA unake AdezoM ke pAlana ke rUpa meM dekhate haiM to vaha samatva saMsthApanarUpa apane usa mUla svarUpa se bhinna nahIM hotA hai| vastutaH ve sabhI sAdhaka jo bauddhika aura Adhyatmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se agrima kakSAoM meM sthita nahIM hai, athavA jinako dharma aura adharma kI samyak samajha nahIM hai, unake lie upAdeya yahI hai ki ve una logoM ke jIvana aura upadezoM kA anusaraNa kareM, jinhoneM mAnasika AvegoM, vAsanAoM aura kaSAyoM se arthAt vibhAva dazA se upara uThakara AdhyAtmika samatA athavA vItarAgadazA kA anubhava kiyA hai| jisa prakAra daihika vikRtiyoM se chuTakArA pAne ke lie vaidya ke AdezoM aura nirdezoM kA pAlana upayogI hai, usI prakAra AdhyAtmika kamiyoM se chuTakArA pAne ke liye vItarAga prabhu ke AdezoM kA pAlana aura jIvanAdarzo kA anusaraNa karanA Avazyaka hai| kyoMki dharma sAdhanA bhI cautasika vikRtiyoM kI cikitsA hI hai| yadi vyakti svayaM itanA samartha hai ki vaha apanI vikRti (roga) ko svayaM jAnakara cikitsA dvArA usa vikRti kA upazamana yA nirasana kara sakatA hai, to use adhikAra hai ki vaha apanA mArga svayaM banAye aura usa para cale, use gurU, mArga-darzaka yA dharmopadeza kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, usake liye yaha jarUrI nahIM hai, ki vaha dUsara ke upadezoM aura AdezoM kA pAlana kreN| aisA sAdhaka svayaM sambuddha yA pratyeka buddha hotA hai / kintu sabhI vyaktiyoM meM aisI sAmarthya nahIM hotI hai ki ve apanI AdhyAtmika vikRtiyoM ko svayaM jAnakara unake kAraNoM kA nidAna aura nirAkaraNa kara ske| aise sAdhakoM ke liye gurU, tIrthaMkara athavA vItarAga puruSa ke Adeza aura nirdeza kA pAlana Avazyaka hai| aise hI logoM ko lakSya meM rakhakara Agama meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki tIrthaMkara ke AdezoM kA pAlana hI dharma hai / yadyapi jaina dharma isa artha meM anIzvaravAdI dharma hai ki vaha vizva ke sRSTA aura niyantA ke artha meM Izvara ko svIkAra nahIM karatA hai| ataH usakI AsthA kA kendra aura mArga nirdezaka vizva - niyantA Izvara nahIM, apitu vaha vItarAga paramAtmA hai, jisane apanI sAdhanA ke dvArA rAga-dveSa janya AvegoM evaM Atma-vikAroM para vijaya prApta kara samabhAva yukta zuddhAtmadazA paramazAMti yA samAdhi ko upalabdha kara liyA hai| jaina dharma meM tIrthaMkara AdezoM kA pAlana yA usake prati zradhdA yA bhakti kA pradarzana isaliya nahIM kiyA jAtA hai ki vaha prasanna hokara hameM duHkha yA apUrNatA se mukti dilAyegA athavA saMkaTa kI ghaDI meM hamArI sahAyatA ke lie dauDA huA calA AyegA, apitu isaliye kiyA jAtA hai ki usake mAdhyama se hama apane zuddha svarUpa kA bodha kara skeN| usake AdezoM kA pAlana isalie karanA hai ki suyogya cikitsaka kI bhAMti usake nirdezoM kA pAlana karane se yA usake jIvanAdarzo kA anusaraNa karane se hama Atma-vikAroM kA upazamana kara zuddhAtmadazA ko prApta kara skeNge| ataH dharma ko cAhe vastu svabhAva ke rUpa meM paribhASita kiyA jAye, cAhe samatA yA ahiMsA ke rUpa meM paribhASita kiyA jAye, cAhe hama use jina AjJA-pAlana ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kareM, usakA mUla hArda yahI hai ki vaha vibhAva se svabhAva kI ora jAtA hai| vaha Atmazuddhi arthAt vAsanA pariSkAra kI dizA meM samyak saMcaraNa hai| ataH dharma aura sadAcAraNa bhinna nahIM hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki sthAnAMga kI TIkA meM AcArya abhayadeva ne aura pravacana sAra meM AcArya kundakunda ne cAritra ko bhI dharma kA lakSaNa mAnA hai / (11) 11) (a) sthAnAMga TIkA 4 / 3 / 320 (kha) pravacanasAra 1 / 7. tana-mana aura prANa kI ekAgratA se jo sAdhaka sAdhanA karatA hai use jagata meM koI vastu aprApya vastu nahIM haiN| For Private Personal Use Only 323 1
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________________ jainAcAryoM ne Agama sAhitya kI viSaya-vastu kA jina cAra anuyogoM meM vibhAjana kiyA hai, unameM caraNakaraNAnayoga hI aisA hai jisakA sIdhA sambandha dharma sAdhanA se hai| dharma mAtra jJAna nahIM apitu jIvana zailI hai| vaha jAnane kI nahIM jIne kI vastu hai| dharma vaha hai jo jiyA jAtA hai| ata: dharma sadAcaraNa yA samyak caritra kA pAlana hai| sAmAnyatayA jaina paramparA meM samyaka-darzana, samyaka-jJAna aura samyaka-caritra ko ratnatraya ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| digambara paramparA meM AcArya kArtikeya ne apane grantha 'bArasaaNuvekkhA' meM ratnatraya kI sAdhanA ko dharma kahA hai| vastuta: ratnatraya kI sAdhanA se bhinna dharma kucha nahIM hai| manovaijJAnika dRSTi se hamAre astitva kA mUlakendra cetanA hai aura cetanA ke tIna pakSa haiM-jJAna, bhAva (anubhUti) aura sNklp| vastuta: ratnatraya kI sAdhanA anya kucha nahIM, apitu cetanA ke ina tInoM pakSoM kA parizodhana hai| kyoMki samyak-jJAna, samyak-darzana, aura samyaka-caritra kramaza: vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa kA bodha karA kara jJeya ke prati hamArI Asakti yA rAga bhAva ko juDane nahIM detA hai aura hameM jJAtA-drazA bhAva yA samabhAva meM sthita rakhatA hai| isa prakAra hamArI cetanA ke jJAnAtmaka pakSa ke parizodhana kA upAya samyak-jJAna bhAvAtmaka pakSa ke parizodhana kA upAya samyak-darzana aura saMkalpAtmaka-pakSa ke parizodhana kA upAya samyak caritra hai| ata: ratnatraya kI sAdhanA apane hI zuddha svarUpa kI sAdhanA hai, kyoMki vaha sva svarUpa meM avasthiti ke dvArA samabhAva aura vItarAgatA kI upalabdhi kA kAraNa hai| * mAnava ke aMtara pradeza meM vairAgya kA prakAza aneka bAra sahasA camakatA haiN| parantu yaha prakAza yadi du:kha ke pratyAghAta ke rupa meM camakA ho to du:kha kA zamana hote hI vairAgya bhI zAMta ho jAtA haiN| kAraNa du:kha ke pratyAghAta se utpanna vairAgya mana ko prabhu ke raMga meM raMga nahI sktaa| vaha to mAtra vRtti yAni uparI raMga se raMjita hotA haiN| isame bhI yadi kisI AtmA ko isa prasaMga meM samyagjJAna darzana kA sahArA mila jAtA hai to kSaNika prakAza sthira bhI bana sakatA 324 kasauTI para kase jAne kA bhAgya kuMdana ko hI milatA hai, kathira ko nhiiN|