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________________ jainadarzana meM samatAvAdI samAja-racanA ke preraka tatva 0 DaoN. nijAma uddIna viSamatAoM aura asaMgatiyoM se ghire isa samAja kA sArA vAtAvaraNa aura pariveza asaMtulita hai| zaktisrotoM meM asaMtulana hai, prakRtijagata meM asaMtulana hai, manuSya ke vicAroM-bhAvoM meM asaMtulana hai| manuSya kA sakala jIvana viSamatAgrasta hai| paryAvaraNa pradUSita hai, hamArI jIvana-paddhati pradUSita hai| vAyu, jala sabhI meM pradUSaNa hai| bhraSTAcAra, utkoca, lUTa-mAra, milAvaTa, taskarI, hisA bhare mAnava-samAja meM ajIba taraha kI apharA-tapharI hai| bhautikatA dvaMdvamayI bana cukI hai / manuSya kI jIvana-saritA meM jIvana-mUlyoM ke srota sUkha gaye haiN| vaha vidizA meM bhramita hokara bhaTaka rahA hai| naitikatA skhalita ho rahI hai| jo deza ahiMsA ko parama dharma samajhatA A rahA hai, usI deza meM--mahAvIra, gautama, nAnaka ke deza meM hiMsA para hiMsA ho rahI hai| manuSya-manuSya ko jAna se mAra rahA hai| lagatA hai hama gItA, kurAna bhUla gaye, jinavANI, guruvANI bisAra baiThe haiM / mahAvIra ne 'AcArAMgasUtra' meM kahA hai-"jaba tuma kisI ko mArane, satAne yA anya prakAra se kaSTa denA cAhate ho to usakI jagaha apane ko rakhakara soco| yadi vahI vyavahAra tumhAre sAtha kiyA jAtA to kaisA lagatA? yadi mAnate ho ki tumheM apriya lagatA hai to samajha lo dUsare ko bhI apriya lgegaa| yadi nahIM cAhate ki tumhAre sAtha koI aisA vyavahAra kare to tuma bhI kisI ke sAtha vaisA vyavahAra mata kro|" unhoMne saMdeza diyA thA ki rAga-dveSa ke taToM ke bIca raho; na kisI ke prati rakta ho na kisI ke prati dviSTa / kisI ke prati na rAga rakho, na dveSa rakho, samabhAva meM rho| samatA bhAva ke upavana meM hI ahiMsA, aparigraha, satya aura anekAnta ke sugaMdhita gulAba vikasita hote haiN| samatA kA artha hai mana kI sthiratA, rAga-dveSa kA upazamana, samabhAva, sukha-duHkha meM acala rhnaa| samatA AtmA kA svarUpa hai| sabhI prANiyoM ke prati prAtmatulya bhAva rakhanA cAhie-"prAyatule payA"' sAdhu prANimAtra ke prati samatA kA cintana karate haiN| samatA se zramaNa, jAna se muni hotA hai| samatA meM hI dharma hai-"samayA dhammamudAhare guNI" | mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki sAdhaka ko sadaiva samatA kA mAcaraNa karanA caahie| unake mAMgalika dharmopadeza kA AdhAra samatA hai, arthAt pazu-pakSI, jIva-jantu, nirjIva-sajIva, sakala mAnavajagat kI rakSA kI jAye, saba para dayA-dRSTi rakhI jAye, saba se prema-maitrI bharA vyavahAra kiyA jaaye| sUkSmAtisUkSma, 1. sUtrakRtAMga 1 / 11 / 3 2. uttarAdhyayana 2030 3. sUtrakRtAMga, 2 / 2 / 6
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________________ jainadarzana meM samatAvAdI samAja racanA ke preraka tattva / 331 1 zudrAtikSudra jIva kI bhI dekhabhAla aura rakSA kI jAye, jala, vRkSa, nadI, tAlAba, kheta, vana, vAyu, vanyapazu, vanaspati sabhI ko surakSA pradAna kI jAye sabhI praNiyoM ko abhayadAna diyA jAye / kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki mahAvIra kA jIvana-darzana sabakA hita aura kalyANa cAhanA hai, hita aura kalyANa karanA hai, AcAra-vyavahAra meM bhI maMtrI, ahiMsA, samatA bhAva ho, kevala vicAroM meM, vANI meM, zabdoM meM ho samatA bhAva na ho| korI sahAnubhuti se yA 'lipsa simpecI' se kAma nahIM calegA, usake anukUla AcaraNa bhI karanA jarUrI hai| zrAcArya jItamala ne samatA ko zrAtmadharma mAnate hue kahA hai- samatA-dharma ko prAcarita karane para hI jIvAtmA isa saMsAra sAgara kA saMtaraNa kara sakatA hai / samatA meM sadgati hai, samatA meM sadbhAva hai, samatA meM prema-maMtrI hai| isake viparIta viSamatA yA tAmasa meM durgati hai, durbhAvanA hai, dveSa-ghRNA hai / samatA sudhA hai, amRta hai, rAga agni hai / 'jJAnArNava' meM kahA gayA hai ki jaba jIva apanI AtmA ko prAtmA ke dvArA prodArika, tejasa va kArmaNa ina tIna zarIroM se tathA rAga, dveSa va moha ina tIna doSoM se bhI rahita jAnatA hai| krUra tathA ugravAdI kI krUratA, ugratA taba usakA sAmyabhAva meM pravasthAna hotA hai samatvayogI ke prabhAva se zAnta ho jAtI hai samatA Atama-dharma hai, tAmasa hai parandharmaM / acchA apane Apa meM rahanta samajho marma // samatA meM sAtA paNI, dukha viSamatA mA~ha / mamatA taja samatA bhajo, jo tirane kI cAha // 1. jJAnArNava, 2016 2. jJAnArNava, 2020 samatA moha, kSobha ko zAnta karatI hai| bhagavatI dhArAdhanA meM moha ko hAthI kahA gayA hai-- mohamahAvAraNena hamyati / jo vyakti samatA bhAva meM vicaraNa karatA hai usakI kathanIkaranI samAna hotI hai, usakA antarvAhya eka jaisA hotA hai| usakA mana samyaka hotA hai'samyak maNe samaNe / ' jisa prakAra hameM apane prANa priya haiM, usI prakAra dUsare jIvadhAriyoM ko bhI apane prANa priya haiN| bhalA hameM kisI ke prANa harane kA kyA adhikAra hai jabaki hama use prANa pradAna nahIM kara sakate / yahI samatvadRSTi hai, zrAtmaupamyabhAva hai| 'gItA' meM kahA gayA hai ki vahI mahAna yogI hai jo prAtmaupamyabhAva rakhakara apane sukha-duHkha ke samAna hI, dUsare ke sukha-duHkha ko samajhatA hai* prAsakti kA parityAga kara siddhi prasiddhi meM samAna buddhivAlA hokara yoga meM sthita hokara karma karanA samasvabhAva hai| jo na harSita hotA hai, na dveSa karatA 5. gItA 6. gItA - 2,48 zAmyanti jantavaH krUrA bar3haverA parasparam / api svArthapravRttasya muneH sAmyaprabhAvataH // 2 3. pravacanasAra 17 4. bhagavatI zrArAdhanA 1309
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________________ caturtha khaNDa | 332 hai, na zoka karatA hai, na kAmanA karatA hai, zubha-azubha phala kA tyAga karatA hai, vahI vyakti saccA bhakta hai tathA Izvara ko priya hai aura jo vyakti zatra-mitra meM, mAna-apamAna meM samAna rahatA hai, sardI-garmI tathA sukha-duHkha ke dvandva meM bhI sama rahatA hai, saMsAra meM jisakI prAsakti nahIM hotI, vaha saccA bhakta hai, vahI paramapitA paramAtmA ko priya hai| samatA kA artha samabhAva hai-na rAga na dveSa, na mamatva na Asakti / samatA kA artha hai tarAjU ke do samAna palar3e, na eka nIce na dUsarA Upara / samatva meM jInA hI saccA jInA hai| samasta prANiyoM ke prati mere mana meM samatva kA bhAva hai, kisI ke prati vaira-bhAva nhiiN| prAzA kA tyAga kara samAdhi-samatva ko grahaNa karanA cAhie sammaM me savva-bhadesU, veraM majjhaM Na keNa vi AsAe vosarittANaM, samAhi paDivajjae // (mUlA., 242) zalAkApuruSa vItarAgI mahAvIra kA kathana hai ki tuma meM na koI rAjA hai na prajA, na koI svAmI hai na koI sevaka / samatA-zAsana meM dIkSita hone ke pazcAt rAjA-prajA, svAmIsevaka nahIM ho sktaa| sabake sAtha samatA kA vyavahAra karanA caahie| jo samabhAva meM rahatA hai vaha lAbha-hAni, sukha-duHkha, jIvana-maraNa, nindA-prazaMsA, mAna-apamAna meM eka jaisA hotA hai| 4 vaha isa loka va paraloka meM anAsakta vasule se chIlane yA candana kA lepa karane para tathA prAhAra ke milane yA na milane para bhI sama rahatA hai-harSa-viSAda nahIM krtaa| maitrI aura sadbhAva bharA vyavahAra karanA hI samatA bhAva hai| jahA~ maitrI va sadbhAva nahIM, vahA~ na samatA hai na zAMti hai| samatA ke prAyAma cAra mAne jA sakate haiM(1) ahiMsA, (2) nirbhayatA, (3) maitrI, (4) sahanazIlatA / jainadarzana ahiMsA para AdhArita hai| ahiMsA kA matalaba hai kisI jIva ko kisI bhI prakAra kA-zArIrika, mAnasika, vaicArika, Arthika kaSTa na denaa| sabakA kalyANa cAhanA ahiMsA hai| sabako prAtmavata samajhanA ahiMsA hai, tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne 'sarvajanahitAya' kI bAta kahI thI, jabaki unake samasAmayika gautama buddha ne 'bahujanahitAya' kI bAta kahI thii| jainadarzana meM pratipAdita ahiMsA pAMca aNuvratoM | mahAvratoM meM sarvopari hai| usake dvArA sakala prANijagata kI rakSA kI jA sakatI hai| mahAvIra ne sahI kahA hai-'ahiMsA ke ghar3e meM zatratA 1. gItA-12 17 2. gItA-12.18 / 3. je yAvi aNAyage siyA, je vi ya pesagapesage siyaa| je moNapayaM uvaTTie, no lajje samayaM samA cre||-suutrkRtaaNg-1|2|2|3 4. samaNasuttaM-347 5. samaNasuttaM-349
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________________ jainadarzana meM samatAvAdI samAja racanA ke preraka tattva / 333 kA eka cheda nahIM raha sktaa| vaha pUrNa nizcichadra hokara hI samasya ke jala ko dhAraNa kara sakatA hai|' bhayabhItoM ko jaise zaraNa, pakSiyoM ko jaise bhojana, samudra ke madhya jaise jahAja, rogiyoM ko jaise zroSadha aura vana meM jaise sArthavAha kA sAtha prAdhArabhUta hai, usI prakAra ahiMsA prANiyoM ke lie prAdhArabhUta hai| mahiMsA cara-acara sabhI kA kalyANa karane vAlI hai " esA sA bhagavatI ahiMsA jA sA bhIyANa viva saraNaM, pakkhINaM piva gagaNaM, tisiyANaM piva salilaM, khuhiyANaM mitra asaNaM, samuhamase vA potavahaNaM, cappayANaM va AsamapayaM, duhadviyANaM ca osahibalaM aDavImajjhe va satyagamaNaM eto visitarikA ahiMsA jA sA puDhavi-jala agaNi mAraya- vaNassa -bIja. harita jalacara- thalacara- khahacara tasa-yAvara - savvabheyakhemakaro / "" 7 2 'uttarAdhyayanasUtra' meM kahA gayA hai ki bhaya aura vaira se mukta hokara sAdhaka saba prANiyoM ko zrAtmavat samajhe aura kisI kI hiMsA na kare / 'AcArAMga' ke anusAra AtmIyatA kI bhAvanA kA AdhAra hI ahiMsA aura maMtrI hai| kisI udvega, paritApa yA duHkha ne, nahIM pahu~cAnA caahie| ahiMsA zuddha, nitya aura zAzvata dharma hai jisakA pratipAdana tIrthaMkaroM zratoM ne kiyA / zrahiMsA ko naitikatA ke sAtha-sAtha rakhanA cAhie, yaha donoM pRthak pRthak nahIM haiM / vyavahAra meM hiMsA naitika AcaraNa kI sImA kA saMsparza karatI hai| 'AcArAMgasUtra' meM bahuta hI gahana aura vyApaka jIvana-darzana zrahiMsA, maMtrI ke mAdhyama se rekhAMkita kiyA gayA hai, yaha zrAtmIyatA kA sAkAra rUpa hai "jise tU mAranA cAhatA hai yaha tU hI hai, jise tU zAsita karanA cAhatA hai vaha tU hI hai, jise paritApa denA cAhatA hai vaha tU hI hai / " yahIM se hama samAja meM samAnatA aura ekatA kA vAtAvaraNa banA sakate haiN| ahiMsA, maMtrI se bar3hakara samAja meM samAnatA, ekatA, sadbhAva, zAMti aura kisake dvArA prApta ho sakatI hai| upaniSadoM meM saba bhUtoM ko apanI AtmA meM dekhanA yA samasta bhUtoM meM apanI AtmA ko dekhane kA sarvAtmadarzana vyaMjita hai, vaha hiMsA kA hI pratipAdana hai, yahA~ kisI se ghRNA kA prazna nahIM uThatA yastu sarvANi bhUtAnyAtmanyevAnupazyati / sarvabhUteSu cAtmAnaM tato na vijupsute // yasmin sarvANi bhUtAnyAtmaivAbhUd vijAnataH // tatra ko mohaH kaH zokaH ekAtvamanupazyataH // mahAbhArata meM hiMsA, maMtrI, abhaya kA vistAra se bAra-bAra pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| bhalA jo sarva bhUtoM ko abhaya dene vAlA hai vaha dUsaroM ko kaise mAra sakatA hai| abhayadAna yA prANadAna se bar3hakara saMsAra meM aura koI dAna nahIM ho sakatA" prANadAnAt paraM dAnaM na bhUtaM na bhvissyti| na hyAtmanaH priyataraM kicidastIha nizcitam prahiMsA parama dharma hai, parama 1. praznavyAkaraNa, 6 / 21 2. uttarAdhyayana, 6 / 6 3. prAcArAMgasUtra, 11412 4. prAcArAMgasUtra, 1155 5. mahAbhArata, anu. parva, 116-16
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________________ caturtha khaNDa | 334 dama hai, parama dAna hai, parama tapa hai|' yahI parama yajJa, parama phala, parama mitra aura parama sukha hai| ahiMsA nirbala, kAyara yA zaktihIna kA kAma nahIM, yaha to sabala vyakti kA astra hai| zakti hone para kisI ko na satAyA jAye, na badalA liyA jAye apitu kSamA kara diyA jAye, yahI vIratA kA lakSaNa hai, yahI ahiMsA hai, isI ko nirbhayatA kaheMge / jaba kahate haiM ki maiM kisI se vaira nahIM rakhatA, koI mujha se vara na rakhe, saba prANiyoM ke sAtha merI maitrI hai khAmemi savve jIvA, sabve jIvA khamaMtu me / mitti me savva bhUesu, veraM majjhaM na kennii| taba manuSya ko sabhI jIvoM ke prati maitrI bhAva rakhanA cAhie-'meti bhUesu kappae / ' sAmAyika kA artha hai prANimAtra ko Atmavat samajhanA, samatva kA vyavahAra karanA / sAmAyika vaha vyavahAra hai jisake dvArA hama samatva ko, samatA bhAva ko apane jIvana meM utArate haiM"samasya prAya: samAyaH sa prayojanam yasya tatsAmAyikam / " hamAre andara samatA bhAva prA jAye to hamArI aneka samasyAoM kA samAdhAna ho sakatA hai| samatAvAdI samAja kI saMracanA ke lie sahiSNatA yA sahanazIlatA kA honA bhI anivArya hai| bhArata meM zAsanapraNAlI kI pramukha vizeSatA dharma nirapekSatA hai| dharmanirapekSatA kA artha dharmavimukha honA nahIM hai, varan isakA artha hai jaise hama apane dharma ko mahAn, zreSTha samajhate haiM, vaise hI dUsaroM ke dharmoM ko mahAn aura zreSTha samajhe / hama yadi cAhate haiM ki hamAre dharmagrantha yA dharmagranthoM kI koI avamAnanA na kare, saba loga unakA samyak sammAna kareM to hameM bhI cAhie ki hama bhI dUsarI jAti ke dharma kA, dharmagranthoM kA ucita sammAna kreN| dUsaroM kI dharmapaddhati yA jIvanapaddhati ke prati ucita sammAna pradarzita karanA hamArA kartavya hai, para hama aisA karate kahA~ haiM ? tabhI bAbarI masjida aura rAmajanmabhUmi maMdira para jhagar3A khar3A karake eka dUsare kI jAna lene para utArU ho jAte haiN| hamAre pAsa mahAn dharmagrantha haiM, mahAn dharmopadezaka aura dharmaguru haiM, vidvAn haiM, AcArya haiM; lekina pAcaraNa hama sarvathA viparIta karate haiN| kaSTasahiSNu to haiM hI nahIM, dUsare ke kaTu zabda bhI sahana karane kI sahanazIlatA, vizAlahRdayatA hamAre andara nahIM / hamArA dRSTikoNa hI saMkucita aura dUsaroM ke prati dveSa-ghaNA se pUrNa rahatA hai| mAnavIya saMdarbha nahIM hote hamAre jIvana-vyavahAra meN| hama yaha jAnate haiM ki krodha prIti kA nAza karatA hai, mAyA maitrI kA nAza karatI hai aura lobha sabakA (prIti, vinaya, maitrI kA) nAza karatA hai| hameM cAhie ki upazama se krodha ko naSTa kareM, mRdutA se mAna ko jIteM, RjubhAva se mAyA aura saMtoSa se lobha para vijaya prApta kreN| dharma jor3ane kA kAma karatA hai, tor3ane kA nhiiN| dhArmika asahiSNutA na jAne kitane varSoM se aniSTa karatI pA rahI hai| jainadarzana sabhI matoM kA samAna Adara karane kI dRSTi prastuta karatA hai| prAcArya haribhadra ne dhArmika sahiSNutA ke kAraNa hI anAtmavAda (bauddha darzana), 1. mahAbhArata, anu. parva 116-28 2. , , 116-29 uttarAdhyayana 62 4. dazavakAlika 8 / 37 5. dazavakAlika 8 / 38
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________________ janadarzana meM samatAvAdI samAja-racanA ke preraka tattva / 335 kartRtvavAda (nyAyadarzana), sarvAtmavAda (vedAnta) meM bhI sAmaMjasya darzAne kA satprayAsa kiyaa| prAcArya hemacandra ne kahA hai ki saMsAra-paribhramaNa ke kAraNa rUpa rAgAdi jisake kSaya ho cuke haiM, use maiM praNAma karatA hai, phira cAhe vaha brahmA ho, viSNu ho, maheza ho athavA jina ho| jainadarzana meM samatAvAdI samAja ke lie vaicArika sahiSNutA, anAgrahI vicAradhArA bar3A yoga de sakatI hai| janadarzana meM isI ko anekAntavAda kahA jAtA hai| Aja sabhI dezoM meM matAgraha ke kAraNa zItayuddha jaisA vAtAvaraNa banA huA hai| hamAre samAja meM, parivAra meM matAgraha ke kAraNa hI dveSa-vaimanasya tathA manamuTAva logoM ke diloM meM bharA rahatA hai jo kisI bhI samaya pratikUla havA pAte hI krodha, zatrutA, kalaha, saMgharSa tathA hiMsA meM parivartita ho jAtA hai| anekAntavAda aisA preraka tattva hai jisako aMgIkAra kara hama aneka samasyAoM, praznoM, ulajhanoM ko sulajhA sakate haiM / anekAntavAda vicAroM ke prati anAgrahI dRSTi kA nAma hai| vastu ke ananta dharmAtmaka guNoM ke prati vidheyAtmaka samanvita dRSTi anekAnta kahalAtI hai / hameM vastusvarUpa ko sApekSatA meM dekhanA caahie| hama matAgrahagrasta hokara vastusvarUpa dekhate haiM, vicAra ko dekhate haiM, vyakti ko dekhate haiN| pUrvAgraha ke kAraNa viSamatA utpanna hotI hai / hama yadi pUrvAgraha chor3akara dusare ke mata-daSTikoNa ko jAnane-samajhane kI koziza kareM to samAja meM samatAvAdI vAtAvaraNa banAyA jA sakatA hai| isake lie Avazyaka hai(1) dUsaroM ke vicAroM ko sahAnubhUti se suneM, (2) dUsare ke mata ke prati sahiSNu baneM, (3) apane vicAra ko ziSTatA se prastuta kareM, (4) apane mata ke prati durAgraha na rakheM, (5) vyavahAra meM vidheyAtmaka dRSTikoNa apnaaeN| vibhinna matoM-daSTikoNoM meM samanvaya, sAmaMjasya sthApita karanA anekAntAvAdI kA parama dharma hai| yahIM se vaicArika dharAtala para hama samarasatA aura sahiSNutA kI bhAvanA prApta kara sakate haiN| jainadarzana meM anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda samanvayavAda para AdhArita haiM, ata: samAja meM hama inake AdhAra para samatAvAdI samAja kI saMracanA karane meM apane kadama pAge bar3hA sakate haiN| hamArI yuvAzakti jo bhaTakI huI hai, pathabhraSTa hai, vidRSTi-grasta hai, use samyak dRSTi anekAntavAda dvArA dI jA sakatI hai| apanI bAta ko hama yoM kaha sakate haiM ki ahiMsA dvArA sahaastitva, vizva-bandhutva kI bhAvanA jAgrata kI jA sakatI hai, maitrI ke rAjamArga banAye jA sakate haiN| vaira, vaimanasya ko miTAkara prema ke, dayA ke, karuNA va sahAnubhUti ke sumana vikasita kara sakate haiM / ahisA ke eka tarapha anekAntavAda aura dUsarI tarapha syAdvAda sthita hai yaM lokA asakRnnamanti dadate yasmai vinamrAMjali, mArgastIrthakRtAM sa vizvajagatAM dharmo'styahiMsAbhidhaH / nityaM cAmaradhAraNamiva budhAH yasyaikapAveM mahAna, syAdvAdaH parato babhUvatu sthAnakAntakalpadrumaH / / jainadarzana ke anusAra samAja meM samatAvAdI bhAvanA ke lie Arthika viSamatA ko, parigrahavAda ko samApta karanA Avazyaka hai| jamAkhorI, rizvata, milAvaTa, taskarI, corIDakaitI saba parigrahavAdI bhAvanA ke alaga-alaga mukhauTe haiM aura yaha mukhauTe hameM sarvatra najara
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________________ caturtha khaNDa | 336 Ate haiM / inake dvArA hiMsAvRtti ko, bhraSTAcAra ko, anaitikatA ko bala milatA hai / isI duSpravRtti ke kAraNa daheja jaisA ajagara apanA rUpa adhikAdhika vikarAla banAtA jA rahA hai / aneka komalAMgI navavadhuoM ko jiMdA jalAyA jAtA hai, unheM amAnavIya yAtanAoM kA zikAra banAyA jA sakatA hai| kAnana banA hai dahejavirodhI, lekina manuSya kI artha lipsA para roka nahIM laga skii| parigraha ko jainadarzana meM 'mUrchA' kahA gayA hai, yahI mamatva kI, Asakti kI, lobha kI, moha kI bhAvanA hai| 'dazavakAlikasUtra' meM Asakti ko hI parigraha mAnA gayA hai| lobha maitrI, vinamratA, prema Adi sadaguNoM kA nAza kara DAlatA hai| mohAMdha vyakti ko sanmArga nahIM suujhtaa| Arthika viSamatA kA kAraNa tRSNA hai, tRSNA kabhI zAMta nahIM hotii| tRSNA tRSNA ko bar3hAtI hai, lobha se lobha paidA hotA hai / icchAnoM aura tRSNAoM ko bar3hane se rokanA aparigraha hai| lobhAsakti para niyaMtraNa lagAnA aparigraha hai| artha-saMcaya Aja ke yuga kA prathama dhyeya hai| Arthika saMgharSa aura viSamatA ne mAnava jIvana ko azAMti kA abhizApa de diyA hai| arthajanya viSamatA se samAja burI taraha prAkrAnta hai| kisI ko jhoMpar3apaTTI meM sira chipAne ko jagaha nahIM aura kisI ke pAsa kaI-kaI bhavya bhavana haiN| vahI loga parigraha ko paribhASita karate haiM; 'pari' =paritaH, saba aora se, saba dizAoM se, 'graha' = grahaNa karanA, nyAya-anyAya, ucita-anucita kA dhyAna kiye binA, cAroM hAthoM se laTakhasoTa karanA parigraha kahalAtA hai| manuSya parigraha ke kAraNa asatya bolatA hai, corI karatA hai, dUsare ke sAtha chala-kapaTa karatA hai| parigraha do prakAra kA hotA hai-pAbhyantara aura bAhya / prAbhyantara parigraha ke antargata mAyA, lobha, mAna, krodha, rati, mithyAtva, strIveda Adi Ate haiM aura bAhya parigraha meM makAna, kheta, vastra, pazu, dAsa-dAsI, dhana-dhAnya prAdi zAmila haiN| yadi koI nirdhana hai, lekina usameM dhanI banane kI prAsakti yA moha hai to vaha parigrahI hI mAnA jaayegaa| jyotipuruSa mahAvIra ne vastugata parigraha ko parigraha nahIM kahA, varan unhoMne 'mUccho' ko ho parigraha kahA hai na so pariggaho vutto, nAyaputteNa taainnaa| mucchA pariggaho vutto, ii buttaM mahesiNA // 5 unhoMne parimANa meM, AvazyakatAnusAra vastu-saMgraha aura dhanopArjana kI svIkRti dii| AvazyakatA se adhika dhanasaMgraha ko unhoMne pApa kahA hai aura aise vyakti ko mokSa nahIM mila sktaa| premacanda dhanI vyakti ko bar3A nahIM samajhate the, kyoMki bar3A AdamI banatA hai zoSaNa se, lUTa-khasoTa se, beImAnI se, dUsaroM kA haka chInane se / gA~dhIjI ne sampatti ko janasAdhAraNa ke prayoga ke lie 'TrasTIzipa' kA vicAra diyaa| vaha bhI dhanasaMgraha yA parigraha ke virodhI the| mArksavAda meM jo artha kA, padArthoM kA samAna vitaraNa karane kA prAdarza hai vahI aparigraha hai| 1. tattvArthasUtra (umAsvAti) 7 / 17 2. dazavakAlika 620 3. dazavakAlika 8137 4. uttarAdhyayana 4.5 5. samaNasuttaM 379
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________________ janadarzana meM samatAvAdI samAja-racanA ke preraka tattva / 337 islAma meM bhI parigraha ko niMdanIya mAnA gayA hai| samAja ko samatAvAdI bhUmi pradAna karane ke lie Arthika viSamatA kI U~cI hotI dIvAroM ko tor3anA hogaa| bhAratIya samAja meM jAtivAdI prathA eka abhizApa hai, kalaMka hai| eka jAti kA vyakti apane ko dUsarI jAti ke vyakti se zreSTha samajhatA hai| zUdra achuta, aspRzya samajhe jAte the| DA. ambeDakara jaisI rASTra-vibhUti ko jAtivAda ke kAraNa ghaNA, apamAna kA zikAra honA par3A, phalataH unhoMne hindUdharma kA parityAga kara bauddhadharma aMgIkAra kiyaa| isa zatAbdI kI mahAnAtmA rASTrapitA mahAtmA gAMdhI ne achUtoM, zUdroM ko 'harijana' kA nAma dekara samAja meM Adara aura samAnatA kA darjA dene kA bharasaka prayatna kiyA aura usameM ve kucha saphala bhI hue| parantu harijanoM para aAja bhI yAtanAmoM kI bijalI girAI jAtI hai| aneka sthAnoM para una para pulisa dvArA, ucca jAti ke logoM dvArA julma DhAye jAte rahe haiN| kahane ko to hamArA saMvidhAna dharma, jAti se Upara hai, dharma aura jAti nirapekSa hai, parantu vyavahAra meM hama kitane dharmanirapekSa yA jAtinirapekSa haiM ? san 1947 se aba taka hama harijanoM kI dazA meM sudhAra nahIM kara ske| yaha avadhi koI kama nahIM hai| rAjanIti meM dharma, jAti kA dakhala nahIM honA cAhie, rAjanIti ko dharma meM, dharma ko rAjanIti meM nahIM lAnA caahie| parantu nirvAcana meM jAti/dharma ke AdhAra para 'pArTI menaDeTa' diyA jAtA hai| muslima bahula ilAke meM muslima ko ema ela. e. yA ema. pI. kA TikiTa pArTiyAM detI haiN| isa prakAra rAjanIti meM, nirvAcana meM hama dharma aura jAti ko khuda hI dAkhila kara dete haiN| dharma aura jAti ke nAma meM hama eka-dUsare ke gale ko kATate haiM, makAna-dukAna jalAte haiM / kyA yaha manuSya ke lie zobhanIya hai ? hindU-muslima daMge aMgrejoM ke jAne ke bAda svatantra bhArata meM prAja taka jArI haiM, unheM hama banda nahIM karA ske| hajAroM sAla pahale mahAvIra ne manuSya kI samAnatA kA eka Adarza prastuta kiyA thaa| unhoMne kahA thA manuSya janma se nahIM, karma se mahAna hotA hai| unhoMne svayaM harikeza cANDAla ko gale se lagAyA, use muni banAyA aura kahA manuSya ko manuSya se ghRNA nahIM karanI caahie| hara vyakti mokSa prApta kara sakatA hai| saba bhagavAn bana sakate haiN| jainadarzana yaha nahIM mAnatA ki brahmA ke mukha se utpanna humA brAhmaNa kahalAtA hai yA brAhmaNakula meM paidA hone para vyakti brAhmaNa hotA hai| yahAM jAti ko janmanA nahIM, karmaNA manA gayA hai kammuNA bambhaNo hoi, kammuNA hoi khttio| vahasso kammuNA hoi, suddo havai kammuNA // ' arthAt manuSya karma se brAhmaNa hotA hai, karma se kSatriya, karma se vaizya aura karma se zUdra hotA hai / brAhmaNa vaha hai jo brahma kA AcaraNa kare, jo satyavAdI ho, ahiMsaka ho, akiMcana ho' aura jisameM rAgadveSa na ho, bhaya na ho| hamArA samAja jAti-prathA meM, rAga-dveSa meM, 1. uttarAdhyayana 25.31 2. uttarAdhyayana 25.30 3. uttarAdhyayana 25121 4. uttarAdhyayana 25 / 22-23
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________________ caturtha khaNDa | 338 sampradAya meM phaMsA hai| sAmpradAyika unmAda ne dharma-jyoti ko malina kara diyA hai / samatAvAdI samAja kI racanA ke lie sAmpradAyikatA, jAtivAda, saMkIrNatA aura durbhAvanA ko tyAganA hogaa| jainadarzana isa yuga meM hameM nayI samAja-saMracanA kA vyAvahArika rUpa pradAna karatA hai| sampradAya kI pratibaddhatA kI keMculI ko utAranA hogaa| sAmpradAyika abhiniveza ke kAraNa hama dusare sampradAya kI nindA karate haiM, dUsare ke dRSTikoNa ko samajhane kI jarUrata nahIM samajhate, kyoMki ekAntika prAgraha se grasta hote haiN| dharma-dRSTi ko vyApaka, udAra banAne para, dharma-sahiSNu hone para, Atmaupamya dRSTi vikasita karane para avazya samatAvAdI samAja kI -hindI vibhAgAdhyakSa islAmiyA kaoNleja, zrInagara-190002 (kazmIra)