Jain Dharm me Bhakti ki Avadharna

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Z_Shwetambar_Sthanakvasi_Jain_Sabha_Hirak_Jayanti_Granth_012052.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/211020/1

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436 ina sabakI sUcanAoM se bhare par3e hote haiM aura hama unako par3hane tathA dekhane meM adhika rasa lete haiN| inake darzana aura pradarzana se hamArI jIvanadRSTi ho vikRta ho cukI hai, Aja saccaritra vyaktiyoM evaM unake jIvana vRttAntoM kI sAmAnya rUpa se, ina mAdhyamoM ke dvArA upekSA kI jAtI hai| ataH naitika mUlyoM aura sadAcAra se hamArI AsthA uThatI jA rahI hai| 1. 2. 3. 4. jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa 6 uttarAdhyayanasUtra- saMpA0 ratanalAla dozI, prakA0- zramaNopAsaka jaina pustakAlaya, sailAnA, vIra saM0 2478, 32/2-3 / Avazyaka niyukti (haribhadrIya vRtti), saMpA0 bI0 ke0 koThArI, prakA0 rilIjiyasa TrasTa, bambaI, 1981, 88-89 / uttarAdhyayanasUtra 29 / 20-24 / sthAnAMgasUtra, saMpA0- madhukara muni, prakA0 zrI Agama prakAzana jainadharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA kA vivecana karane ke pUrva yaha vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai ki 'bhakti' zabda kA tAtparya yA artha kyA hai aura vaha jainadharma meM kisa artha meM svIkRta hai| bhakti zabda 'bhaj dhAtu meM ktin pratyaya lagakara banA hai| 'bhaj' dhAtu kA artha hai-- sevA karanA / kintu yathArtha meM bhakti zabda kA artha isase kahIM adhika vyApaka hai| sAmAnyatayA ArAdhya yA usake vigraha kI guNasaMkIrtana, stuti, vandanA, prArthanA, pUjA aura arcA ke rUpa meM jo sevA kI jAtI hai, use hama bhakti nAma dete haiN| yadyapi yaha smaraNa rakhanA hai ki saba kriyAyeM bhI taba taka bhakti nahIM kahI jA sakatI haiM, jaba taka inake mUla meM ArAdhya ke prati pUjyabuddhi, zraddhA, anurAga aura samarpaNa kA bhAva nahIM ho jainAcAryaM pUjyapAda devanandI ne bhakti kI vyAkhyA nimna rUpa meM kI hai-- arhadAcAryeSu bahuzruteSu pravacane va bhAvavizuddhiyukto'nurAgo bhaktiH / arthAt arhat, AcArya, bahuzruta evaM Agama ke prati bhAvavizuddhi pUrvaka jo anurAga hai, vaha bhakti hai| pro0 rAmacandra zukla ne premapUrNa zraddhA ko bhakti kahA hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne ise ArAdhya aura ArAdhaka ke madhya eka rAgAtmaka sambandha mAnA hai| kintu merI dRSTi meM bhakti zabda kA tAtparya ina sabase adhika hai| yaha satya hai ki bhakti kA udaya upAsya aura upAsaka yA bhakta aura bhagavAn ke bIca eka dUrI yA dvaita meM hI hotA hai, kintu isakI carama niSpatti isa dvaita ko samApta karane meM hI hai| jaise-jaise bhakta ina vikRta paristhitiyoM meM yadi manuSya ke caritra ko uThAnA hai aura use sanmArga evaM naitikatA kI ora prerita karanA hai to hameM apane adhyayana kI dRSTi ko badalanA hogaa| Aja sAhitya ke nAma para jo bhI hai vaha paThanIya hai, aisA nahIM hai| Aja yaha Avazyaka hai ki satsAhitya kA prasAraNa ho aura logoM meM usake adhyayana kI abhiruci jAgRta ho / yahI sacce artha meM svAdhyAya hai| 5. 6. 7. jaina dharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA samiti, byAvara, 1981, 5/3/223 / vahI - 5/3/224 / tattvArtharAjavArtika, saMpA0 DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina, prakA0- bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1957, 9/25 / uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saMpA0 ratanalAla dozI, prakA0- zramaNopAsaka jaina pustakAlaya, sailAnA, vIra saM0 2478, 26 / 11, 12, 17, 18 / aura bhagavAn yA ArAdhya aura ArAdhaka ke madhya kI yaha dUrI simaTatI jAtI hai aura eka aisA samaya AtA hai jaba vyakti usa dvaita ko samApta kara svayaM meM bhagavattA kI anubhUti kara letA hai| yahI bhakti kA paripAka hai, yahA~ hI vaha pUrNatA ko prApta hotI hai| jaina dharma kI vizeSatA yahI hai ki usameM bhakti kA prayojana isa dvaita yA dUrI ko samApta karanA hI mAnA gayA hai| jainoM ke anusAra yaha dvaita taba hI samApta hotA hai, jaba bhakta svayaM bhagavAn bana jAtA hai| yadyapi hameM smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki anIzvaravAdI evaM pratyeka AtmA kI svatantra sattA mAnane vAle jaina darzana meM isa dvaita ke samApta hone kA artha advaita vedAnta kI taraha bhakta kI vaiyaktika sattA kA brahma meM vilaya nahIM hai| sAtha hI jainadarzana dvaitavAdiyoM yA viziSTAdvaitavAdiyoM kI taraha yaha bhI nahIM mAnatA hai ki bhakti kI carama niSpatti meM bhI bhakta aura bhagavAn kA dvaita banA rahatA hai, cAhe vaha sArUpya mukti ko hI kyo na prApta kara leN| jainadarzana ke anusAra bhakti kI carama niSpati AtmA dvArA apane hI nirAvaraNa zuddha svarUpa yA paramAtma svarUpa ko prApta karanA hai arthAt svayaM paramAtmA bana jAnA hai| yaha svayaM ke dvArA svayaM ko pAnA hai| bhakti aura prema sAmAnyatayA bhakti meM anurAga yA prema ko eka Avazyaka tattva mAnA gayA hai| paramAtmA ke prati nizchala prema bhakti kA AdhAra hai| .

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jaina dharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA 437 kintu yahA~ prazna yaha upasthita hotA hai ki kyA vItarAgatA ke upAsaka dyotaka hai aura vaha niSThA siddhAnta athavA vyakti kisI ke prati bhI jaina dharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA ke sAtha prema ko aparihArya mAnA ho sakatI hai| zraddhA kAraNa hai, bhakti kaary| bhakti to zraddhA kI jA sakatA hai| yaha satya hai ki anurAga yA prema kI utkaTatA hI bhakti bAhyAbhivyakti hai, vaha citta kI sakriya bhAvadazA hai| pUjya-buddhi aura kA rUpa letI hai kintu eka ora rAga ke prahANa yA vItarAgadazA kI pUjA meM jo antara hai vahI antara zraddhA aura bhakti meM hai| zraddhA pUjya-buddhi prApti kA prayAsa aura dUsarI ora anurAga yA prema kI sAdhanA--ye hai, pUjA nhiiN| pUjA pUjya-buddhi kI bAhyAbhivyakti hai| satya to yaha donoM eka sAtha kaise sambhava hai? vItarAgatA kA sAdhaka rAga yA anurAga hai ki zraddhA jaba sakriya hokara kriyAtmaka rUpa meM bAhya jagat meM abhivyakta se kaise jur3a sakatA hai| yadyapi yaha bhI satya hai ki jaina paramparA meM hotI hai, to vaha bhakti bana jAtI hai| vaha zraddhA evaM karma kA samanvaya jahA~ bhakti bhAva kI abhivyakti huI hai, vahA~ kisI na kisI rUpa meM hai| vaha zraddhA yukta karma hai| nirguNa bhakti meM bhI cAhe pratimA-pUjA yA tIrthakara prabhu ke prati prema yA anurAga kI carcA avazya huI hai| jaina acarnA na ho, kintu nAma-smaraNa, saMkIrtana Adi karmoM tathA vihvalatA paramparA meM rAga do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai Adi bhAvoM kI bAhya abhivyakti to hai hI , zraddhA aura bhakti donoM (1) prazasta rAga aura (2) aprazasta raag| hI vaiyaktika hai, sArvajanika nhiiN| phira bhI zraddhA nitAnta vaiyaktika yadi hama bhakti ko rAgAtmaka sambandha yA anurAga mAnate haiM to hai, mAtra caittasika hai, use kisI bhI sthiti meM sAmUhika nahIM banAyA jaina dharma meM bhakti kA sthAna isI prazasta rAga ke antargata ho sakatA jA sakatA hai, vahA~ bhakti ke nAma saMkIrtana, pUjA Adi rUpoM meM bAhya hai| kintu aisA prazasta rAga bhI jaina sAdhanA kA Adarza nahIM mAnA abhivyakti sambhava hone se use sAmUhika yA sArvajanika banAyA jA jA sakatA hai| jaina paramparA meM gautama se adhika zreSTha bhakta aura kauna sakatA hai| yadi hama bhakti ke ghaTakoM kI carcA kareM to usameM zraddhA, ho sakatA hai? mahAvIra ke prati unakI ananya bhakti yA anurAga prema, samarpaNa, nAma-smaraNa, stuti, vigraha-pUjA aura sevA sabhI samAhita lokavizruta hai| kintu jaina vicAraka yaha mAnate haiM ki aisA prazasta haiN| isa prakAra bhakti eka vyApaka pariprekSya ko abhivyakta karatI hai| rAga bhI mokSa-mArga ke pathika ke lie bAdhaka hI hai| gautama kI mahAvIra zraddhA to bhakti kA aMga mAtra hai, bhakti meM zraddhA Avazyaka hai, kintu ke prati yaha ananya bhakti yA rAgAtmakatA unakI mokSa prApti meM bAdhaka zraddhA bhakti ke rUpa le, yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| jaina dharma meM jaba hama hI mAnI gayI hai| ve mahAvIra ke jIvita rahate vItarAgadazA yA kaivalya bhakti kI carcA karate haiM to hameM zraddhA evaM bhakti ke isa antara ko ko upalabdha nahIM kara ske| mahAvIra ne svayaM kahA thA ki sneha yA dRSTigata rakhanA hogA, kyoMki jainadharma mUlata: nivRttiparaka hai, ata: anurAga to mokSa mArga meM eka argalA hai| jaina paramparA meM bhakti zraddhA usameM zraddhA kI hI pradhAnatA rahI hai| puna: jaina dharma nirIzvaravAdI hai, para AdhArita to mAnI gayI, kintu use rAga yA prema rUpa meM svIkAra ata: usameM zraddhA yA bhakti kA kendra sRSTikartA yA jagat niyantA Izvara nahI kiyA gyaa| yaha eka alaga bAta hai ki paravartI jainAcAryoM ne na hokara zuddhAtmasvarUpa vItarAga dazA hI rahI hai| usakI zraddhA ke bhakti ke isa rAgAtmaka svarUpa ko apanI paramparA meM sthAna diyaa| kendra haiM--deva (vItarAgadazA prApta vyakti), guru aura dhrm| kintu jaina yaha bhI ThIka hai ki eka bhAvuka AdamI vAsanAtmaka prema yA aprazasta dharma meM jaise hI pratIkopAsanA yA jina-pratimA kI pUjA kI paramparA rAga se chuTakArA pAne ke lie prazasta rAga kA sahArA le, kintu svIkRta huI, usameM tIrthakara-pratimA kI upAsanA ke sAtha bhakti ke anya antatogatvA hameM yahI mAnanA hogA ki vItarAgatA kI upAsaka jaina pakSoM kA vikAsa prArambha ho gyaa| paramparA meM rAgAtmakatA ko bhakti kA AdhAra nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| prema cAhe kaisA bhI ho, vaha bandhana hai| ata: use atikrAnta karanA bhArata meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa Avazyaka hai| bhAratIya dharmadarzana ke kSetra meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA ati prAcIna kAla se upasthita rahI hai| mohanajodar3o evaM har3appA se prApta huI zraddhA aura bhakti sIloM ke paridRzyoM ke AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA bhakti meM zraddhA kA tattva pramukha hotA hai, kintu hameM yaha bhI smaraNa hai ki usa samaya bhI mUrti-pUjA yA pratIka-pUjA astitva meM thI aura rakhanA hogA ki zraddhA evaM bhakti meM eka mahattvapUrNa antara bhI hai| zraddhA isa dRSTi se yaha mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai ki usa yuga meM kisI aura bhakti meM mukhya antara to yaha hai ki jahA~ zraddhA ArAdhya athavA na kisI rUpa meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA bhI upasthita thii| yadi hama vaidika siddhAnta athavA donoM ke prati ho sakatI hai, vahIM bhakti sadaiva hI ArAdhya sAhitya kI ora mur3ate haiM, to usameM bhI jo RgvedAdi prAcIna stara ke prati hotI hai, siddhAnta ke prati nhiiN| siddhAnta ke prati to mAtra ke grantha haiM, unameM cAhe mUrti-pUjA yA vigraha-pUjA kA nirdeza nahIM ho, zraddhA/AsthA hotI hai, bhakti nahIM, kyoMki bhakti vaiyaktika (Personal) kintu yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ki vahA~ bhakti kI avadhAraNA hotI hai| puna: jahA~ bhakti ke lie zraddhA Avazyaka tattva hai, vahA~ zraddhA pUrNatayA anupasthita hai, kyoMki Rgveda ke sUktoM meM bhI stuti sambandhI ke lie bhakti Avazyaka nahIM hotii| apane pracalita artha kI dRSTi sUkta hI sarvAdhika haiN| stuti ke sAtha bhI pUjya-buddhi aura zraddhA kA se zraddhA aura bhakti meM eka mahattvapUrNa antara yaha bhI hai ki zraddhA tattva to jur3A hI hotA hai| isalie hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki vaidika mAtra eka niSkriya bhAvadazA hai, vaha kisI ke prati ananya niSThA kI kAla meM cAhe vigraha-pUjA yA mUrti-pUjA na rahI ho, kintu zraddhA va

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438 stuti ke rUpa meM usameM bhakti ke tattva to haiM hii| Age calakara aupaniSadika kAla aura vizeSa rUpa se gItA ke racanAkAla meM to hameM bhakti kI eka susthApita paramparA upalabdha hotI hai| gItA meM jina yogoM (sAdhanA-vidhiyoM) kI carcA milatI hai, usameM bhaktiyoga sabase mahattvapUrNa hai| yadyapi gItA kI jJAnayogaparaka evaM karmayogaparaka vyAkhyAe~ bhI kI gayIM, kintu yadi hama gItA kI antarAtmA meM jhAMkakara dekheM to lagatA hai ki usameM bhakti yA samarpaNa bhAva hI kendriya tattva hai| karma kI niSkAmatA kA AdhAra bhI karma phala kI AkAMkSA kA prabhu ke prati samarpaNa hI hai| yaha bAta alaga hai ki gItA jJAna evaM karma ko bhI samAna rUpa se mahatva detI hai, kintu usameM inheM bhI bhakti ke kAraNa va kArya ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAyita kiyA jA sakatA hai| paramAtmA ke svarUpa kA jJAna, jo ki gItA ke jJAnayoga kA pratipAdya hai, antatogatvA prabhu ke prati ananya niSThA meM pariNita hotA hai| dUsarI ora gItA yaha kahatI hai ki zraddhAvAna hI prabhu ke jJAna ko prApta hotA hai / punaH gItA kA karmayoga bhI vastutaH paramAtmA ke prati na kevala karmaphala yA pUrNa samarpaNa hai apitu samarpita bhAva se usake AdezoM kA paripAlana bhI hai| gItA lokasevA ko bhI prabhu kI sevA meM atabhAvita kara karmayoga ko bhaktiyoga banA detI hai| gItA meM jJAna vaha hai jisase bhakti kI dhArA prasUta hotI hai aura karma usa bhakti kI vyApaka bAhyAbhivyakti hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki rAmAnuja, vallabha Adi bhaktimArgI AcAryoM ne gItA kI bhaktiparaka vyAkhyA prastuta kii| ataH hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki bhArata meM prArambhika kAla se lekara sUra va tulasI ke mAdhyama se Adhunika kAla taka bhakti kI eka ajasra dhArA pravAhita hotI rahI hai aura jaina paramparA bhI isase prabhAvita hotI rahI hai| jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa 6 jaina dharma meM bhakti jaina darzana meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA ke vikAsa ko samajhane ke lie bhakti ke bhAratIya pariprekSya ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki jaina dharma meM bhakti kA jo vikAsa huA vaha ina samasAmayika paristhitiyoM se prabhAvita nahIM rahA hai| jaina dharma kI bhakti-sAdhanA meM anya paramparAoM se Aye tattva Aja isa taraha AtmasAta ho gaye haiM ki unheM alaga kara pAnA bhI kaThina hai| jaina dharma meM sAhityika sAkSya ke rUpa meM jo prAcInatama sandarbha upalabdha haiM, ve AcArAMga sUtrakRtAMga, RSibhASita aura uttarAdhyayana para AdhArita haiN| inameM AcArAMga evaM sUtrakRtAMga meM bhakti tattva anupasthita hai| AcArAMgasUtra' mAtra yaha batAtA hai ki merI AjJA kA pAlana dharma hai (1/6/2/48) / RSibhASita aura uttarAdhyayana meM yadyapi zraddhA ko sthAna milA hai, kintu vaha zraddhA mAtra tattvazraddhA hai| jaina dharma meM samyagdarzana, jo bhakti kA AdhAra hai, prArambha meM mAtra tattvazraddhA hI rahA hai deva, guru evaM dharma ke prati zraddhA yaha usakA paravartI artha vikAsa hai / purAtAttvika sAkSyoM meM to hameM mauryakAla se hI jaina paramparA meM mUrti pUjA ke pramANa milane lagate haiN| mathurA meM to mUrti pUjA ke paridRzya bhI aMkita hai| ataH yaha mAnane meM hameM koI Apatti nahIM hai ki aitihAsika dRSTi se jaina paramparA meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA mauryakAla meM pallavita evaM vikasita huI hai| puna: isa dizA meM jo bhI sAkSya upalabdha haiN| ve saba isI tathya ko saMpoSita karate haiM ki jaina dharma meM bhakti kA vikAsa apanI sahavartI hindU paramparA se prabhAvita hotA rahA hai| hindU paramparA meM bhakti ke vividha rUpoM kA jisa prakAra kramika vikAsa huA hai usI prakAra jaina paramparA meM bhI bhakti kA kramika vikAsa huA hai| phira bhI jaina aura hindU dharma kI mUlabhUta dArzanika avadhAraNAoM meM jo antara hai usake AdhAra para donoM kI bhaktiyoM kI avadhAraNA meM aura usake lakSya meM bhI antara hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki jahA~ hindU dharma IzvaravAdI hai vahIM jaina dharma nirIzvaravAdI hai| usameM sRSTi ke nirmAtA aura pAlanakarttA tathA saMhAraka Izvara kI avadhAraNA pUrNataH anupasthita hai| dUsarA antara yaha hai ki jahA~ hindU dharma kA Izvara kRpA ke mAdhyama se apane bhaktoM ke kalyANa kI sAmarthya rakhatA hai yahA~ jaina dharma ke siddha paramAtmA niSkriya haiN| ve na to apane bhaktoM kA kalyANa kara sakate haiM aura na duSToM kA damana jaina dharma meM bhakti kA tattva upasthita to hai, kintu vaha hindU paramparA meM upalabdha bhakti kI avadhAraNA se kiMcita bhinna hai, Age hama isa sandarbha meM vistAra se vicAra kreNge| sAmAnyatayA jaina bhakti paramparA meM zraddhA, sarmapaNa, guNa-saMkIrtina yA bhajana, pUjA aura arcA yA sevA ke tattva upasthita rahe haiN| zraddhA usakA prasthAnabindu hai aura sevA antima caraNa hai| zraddhA evaM sarmapaNa bhAva usake mAnasika rUpa haiM aura sevA usakI kAyika abhivyakti / aba hama yaha dekhane kA prayatna kareMge ki jaina dharma meM ina tattvoM kA vikAsa kaise huA ? jainadharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA kaise va kisa rUpa meM AyI yaha vicAra karanA bhI Avazyaka hai jahA~ taka merI jAnakArI hai AgamoM meM satyArabhakti' 'bhaticittAo" (jJAtAdharma) zabda milate haiN| sarvaprathama jJAtAdharma meM tIrthakara pada kI prApti meM sahAyaka jina 20 kAraNoM kI carcA hai unameM zrutabhakti (suyabhatti) kA spaSTa ullekha hai| isake sAtha hI usameM arahaMta, siddha, pravacana, guru, sthavira, tapasvI Adi ke prati vatsalatA kA ullekha huA hai, jo bhakti kA hI eka rUpa hai / tattvArtha sUtra meM arhat AcArya, bahuzruta evaM pravacana (zAstra) kI bhakti ko tIrthaMkaratva prApta karane ke 16 kAraNoM meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai|" isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jJAtAdharmakathA aura Avazyakaniryukti jahA~ arhatu, siddha, AcArya Adi ke prati vatsalatA arthAt anurAga kI bAta karate haiM, vahA~ tattvArthasUtra spaSTa rUpa se inakI bhakti kI bAta kahatA hai, kintu bhakti aura vAtsalya meM artha kI dRSTi se antara nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| Age calakara to vAtsalya ko bhakti kA eka aMga hI mAna liyA gayA hai| jJAtavya hai ki bhakti yA vAtsalya donoM kA artha zraddhAyukta sevA bhAva hI hai| Avazyakaniyukti meM sarvaprathama bhakti ke phala kI carcA huI hai|" usameM kahA gayA hai kibhattIi jiNavarANaM khijjaMtI puvvasaMciyA kammA AyarianamukkAreNa vijjA maMtA ya sijjhati bhattIi jiNavarANaM paramAekhINapijjadosANaM .

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jaina dharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA 439 ArUggabohilAbhaM samAhimaraNaM ca pAvaMti / avasthA meM hai rAga-dveSa kA atikramaNa kara lenA sambhava nahIM hai| aisI arthAt jina kI bhakti se pUrva saMcita karma kSINa hote haiM aura sthiti meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki jaba taka vyakti svayaM satya kA sAkSAtkAra AcArya se namaskAra ke vidyA aura maMtra siddha hote haiN| puna: jinendra na kara leM, use vItarAga paramAtmA, jinhoMne svayaM satya kA sAkSAtkAra kI bhakti se rAga-dveSa samApta hokara Arogya, bodhi aura samAdhi lAbha kiyA hai, unake kathanoM para vizvAsa karanA caahie| jaina sAhitya meM hotA hai| samyak-darzana ke jina pA~ca aMgoM kI carcA milatI hai, unameM zraddhA bhAratIya paramparA meM navadhA bhakti kA ullekha milatA hai- bhI eka hai| lagabhaga uttarAdhyayana (I0pU0 3rI-2rI zatI) ke kAla zravaNaM kIrtanaM smaraNaM paadsevnm| taka jaina paramparA meM samyak darzana kA zraddhAparaka artha svIkAra ho cukA arcanaM vandanaM dAsyaM skhymaatmnivednm| thaa| kintu hameM yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki uttarAdhyayana evaM 1. zravaNa, 2. kIrtana, 3. smaraNa, 4. pAdasevana, 5. arcana, tattvArthasUtra (I0 san 3rI zatI) ke kAla taka jaina dharma meM zraddhA tattvazraddhA 6. vaMdana, 7. dAsya, 8. sakhya aura 9. aatmnivedn| thii| vaha jina yA paramAtmA ke prati zraddhA ke rUpa meM susthApita nahIM bhakti ke ina nava tattvoM meM kauna kisa rUpa meM jaina paramparA meM huI thii| prAcIna stara ke granthoM meM zraddhA ko tattva zraddhA yA siddhAnta mAnya rahA hai, isakA saMkSipta vivaraNa apekSita hai| inameM se zravaNa ke prati niSThA ke rUpa meM hI dekhA gyaa| kintu jaba zraddhA ke kSetra zAstra-zravaNa yA jinavANI-zravaNa ke rUpa meM jaina paramparA meM sadaiva hI meM tattva yA siddhAnta ke sthAna para vyakti ko pramukhatA dI gayI, to mAnya rahA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki vyakti ko kalyANa-mArga aura jina aura jinavacana ke prati zraddhA hI samyak darzana kA pratIka mAnI pApa-mArga kA bodha zravaNa se hI hotA hai, donoM ko sunakara hI jAnA gyii| Age calakara jinavacana ke prastotA guru ke prati bhI zraddhA ko jAtA hai|11 jahA~ taka kIrtana evaM smaraNa kA prazna hai, ina donoM kA sthAna milaa| isa prakAra zraddhA kA artha huA-deva, guru evaM dharma ke antarbhAva jaina paramparA ke 'stavana' meM hotA hai| ise SaDAvazyakoM arthAt prati shrddhaa| zramaNa evaM zrAvaka ke karttavyoM meM dUsarA sthAna prApta hai| pAdasevana aura jaina sAdhanA ke kSetra meM sAmAnyatayA darzana (zraddhA) ko prAthamikatA vaMdana ko bhI jaina paramparA ke tRtIya Avazyaka karttavya ke rUpa meM vaMdana dI gaI hai| kahA gayA hai dharma darzana (zraddhA) mUlaka hai| jaba taka meM antarnihita mAnA jA sakatA hai| arcana ko jaina paramparA meM jina- darzana zabda anubhUti yA dRSTikoNa kA sUcaka rahA taba taka darzana ko pUjA ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA gayA hai| jaina paramparA meM muni ke liye jJAna kI apekSA pradhAnatA milI, kintu jaba darzana kA artha tattva zraddhA bhAva-pUjA aura gRhastha ke liye dravya-pUjA kA vidhAna hai| jisa prakAra mAna liyA gayA to usakA sthAna jJAna ke bAda nirdhArita huaa| vaiSNava paramparA meM paMcopacAra-pUjA aura SoDazopacAra-pUjA kA vidhAna uttarAdhyayanasUtra12 meM jahA~ darzana kA zraddhAparaka artha kiyA gayA hai vahA~ hai usI prakAra jaina paramparA meM aSTaprakArI pUjA aura satarahabhedI pUjA spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki jJAna se tattva ke svarUpa ko jAneM aura darzana kA vidhAna hai| ke dvArA usa para zraddhA kreN| yaha satya hai ki jJAna ke abhAva meM jo yadyapi dAsa, sakhya evaM Atmanivedana rUpa bhakti kI vidhAoM zraddhA hogI usameM saMzaya kI sambhAvanA hogI, ata: aisI zraddhA aMdha-zraddhA kA spaSTa pratipAdana to prAcIna jaina AgamoM meM nahIM milatA hai kintu hogii| yaha satya hai ki jainoM ne zraddhA ko apanI sAdhanA meM sthAna jinAjJA ke paripAlana, AtmAlocana tathA vAtsalya ke rUpa meM inake diyA kintu ve isa sandarbha meM sartaka rahe ki zraddhA ko jJAnAdhiSThita mUla tattva jaina paramparA meM upalabdha haiN| bhakti ke ina aMgoM kI vistRta honA caahie| zraddhA, prajJA aura tarka se samIkSita hokara hI samyak carcA agrima paMktiyoM meM kI gaI hai| zraddhA bana sakatI hai| 13 isa prakAra jaina cintana meM bhakti ke mUla AdhAra zraddhA ke tattva ko sthAna to milA, kintu use anubhUti yA jJAna se jaina dharma meM zraddhA samanvita kiyA gayA, tAki zraddhA andha-zraddhA na bana ske| jaina dharma jaina paramparA meM zraddhA ke lie sAmAnyatayA samyak darzana zabda meM zraddhA mUlata: tattva-zraddhA yA siddhAnta ke prati AsthA rhii| usameM pracalita hai| isakA mUla artha to dekhanA yA anubhUti hI hai, kintu jo vaiyaktikatA kA tattva praviSTa huA aura vaha deva tathA guru ke prati Age calakara jaina paramparA meM darzana zabda zraddhA ke artha meM rUr3ha ho zraddhA banI hai, usake mUla meM rahe hue hindU paramparA ke prabhAva ko vismRta gyaa| jaina granthoM ke adhyayana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki darzana zabda nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| hindu paramparA meM jo Izvara ke prati athavA kA zraddhAparaka artha eka paravartI vikAsa hai aura usake prakAroM ke vargIkaraNa usake vacana ke rUpa meM vedAdi ke prati jo AsthA kI bAta kahI gaI ke pariNAma svarUpa astitva meM AyA hai| jaina dharma meM samyak darzana thI, use jaina AcAryoM ne jinavANI ke prati zraddhA ke rUpa meM grahIta ke mukhyata: do prakAra mAne gaye haiM-nisargata: aura adhimgj| samyak karake apanI paramparA meM sthAna diyaa| phira bhI yaha smaraNa rakhanA hogA darzana kA eka rUpa vaha hotA hai, jahA~ sAdhaka apanI anubhUti se satya bhakti kI avadhAraNA kA vikAsa jisa rUpa meM hindU dharma meM huA, kA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai| 'satya kA sAkSAtkAra' hI samyak darzana kaa| usa rUpa meM jaina dharma meM nahIM huA hai| jainAcAryoM ne apanI tAttvika mUla artha hai, kintu yaha taba taka sambhava nahIM hai jaba taka vyakti apane mAnyatAoM ke AdhAra para hI apanI paramparA meM bhakti ke svarUpa ko ko rAga-dveSa ke paMjoM se mukta nahIM kara letaa| jaba taka vyakti sAdhaka nirdhArita kiyA hai| unhoMne apanI sahavatI hindU paramparA se bahuta kucha

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440 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa 6 grahaNa kiyA, kintu use apanI tattva yojanA ke caukhaTe meM prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, yadyapi kahIM kahIM isameM skhalanA bhI huI hai| jaina dharma meM stuti, guNa-saMkIrtana evaM prArthanA kA prayojana jaina dharma meM bhakti ke jo dUsare rUpa stuti, guNa-saMkIrtana, prArthanA Adi haiM, unakA svarUpa vartamAna meM to bahuta kucha hindU paramparA ke samAna hI ho gayA hai aura jaina bhakta bhI apane prabhu se saba kucha mA~gane lagA hai| kintu apane prAthamika rUpa meM jaina stutiyoM kA hindU paramparA kI stutiyoM se eka antara rahA hai| hindU paramparA apane prAcIna kAla se hI isa tathya meM vizvAsa karatI rahI hai ki stuti yA bhakti ke mAdhyama hama jisa prabhu kI ArAdhanA karate haiM, vaha prasanna hokara hamAre kaSToM ko miTA detA hai| usameM IzvarIya yA devIkRpA kA tattva sadaiva hI svIkRta rahA hai| gItA meM bhakta aura bhakti ke cAra rUpoM kI carcA hai - 1. arthArthI, 2. Arta, 3. jijJAsu evaM 4. jJAnI / yadyapi gItA ne jijJAsu yA jJAnI ko hI saccA bhakta nirUpati kiyA hai, kintu bhakti kA jo rUpa hindU dharma meM pracalita rahA hai, usameM IzvarIya yA daivIya kRpA kI prApti kA prayojana to sadaiva hI pramukha rahA hai, kintu jainadharma meM usako koI khAsa sthAna nahIM hai, kyoMki jainoM kA paramAtmA kisI kA kalyANa yA akalyANa karane meM samartha nahIM hai / sAmAnyatayA vyakti duHkha yA pIr3A kI sthiti meM usase trANa pAne ke lie prabhu kI bhakti karatA hai| vaha bhakti ke nAma para bhagavAn se bhI koI saudA hI karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki yadi merI amuka manokAmanA pUrNa hogI to maiM Apa kI viziSTa rUpa se pUjA karU~gA yA viziSTa prasAda samarpita kruuNgaa| cU~ki jaina dharma meM prArambha se hI tIrthaMkara ko vItarAga mAnA gayA hai, ataH vaha na to bhaktoM kA kalyANa kara sakatA hai aura na duSToM kA saMhAra / jahA~ gItA tathA anya granthoM meM prabhu ke avataraNa kA mukhya prayojana duSToM kA saMhAra evaM dharma mArga kI sthApanA mAnA gayA hai, vahA~ jaina paramparA meM tIrthaMkara kA uddezya mAtra dharma mArga kI saMsthApanA karanA hai| jainoM kA paramAtmA gItA ke paramAtmA ke samAna isa prakAra kA koI AzvAsana nahIM de pAtA hai ki tuma mere prati pUrNataH samarpita ho jAo, maiM tumheM saba pApoM se mukti dU~gA | jaina dharma meM prAcIna kAla meM stuti kA prayojana prabhu se kucha pAnA nahIM rahA hai| stuti ke prayojana ko spaSTa karate hue AcArya samantabhadra apane grantha devAgamastotra meM kahate haiM ki he prabhu ! na to maiM Apako prasanna karane ke lie ApakI bhakti yA pUjA karatA hU~ kyoMki maiM jAnatA hU~ ki Apa vItarAga haiM ataH pUjA se prasanna hone vAle nahIM hai| merI isI prakAra Apa nindA karane para kupita bhI nahIM hoMge cU~ki Apa vivAnta-vaira haiM, maiM to Apa kI bhakti kevala isalie karatA hU~ ki Apa ke puNya guNoM kI smRti se merA citta pApa rUpI mala se rahita hogaa| smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jaina vicAradhArA ke anusAra sAdhanA ke Adarza ke rUpa meM jinakI stuti kI jAtI hai, una Adarza puruSoM se kisI prakAra kI upalabdhi kI apekSA nahIM hotI tIrthakara evaM siddha paramAtmA mAtra sAdhanA ke Adarza haiN| ve na to kisI ko saMsAra se pAra karA sakate haiM aura na usakI kisI prakAra kI upalabdhi meM sahAyaka hote haiN| phira bhI stuti ke mAdhyama se sAdhaka unake guNoM ke prati apanI zraddhA ko sajIva banA letA hai| sAdhaka ke sAmane unakA mahAn Adarza jIvanta rUpa meM upasthita ho jAtA hai| vaha apane hRdaya meM tIrthakaroM ke Adarza kA smaraNa karatA huA AtmA meM eka AdhyAtmika pUrNatA kI bhAvanA prakaTa karatA hai| vaha vicAra karatA hai ki Atmatattva ke rUpa meM merI AtmA aura tIrthakaroM kI AtmA samAna hI hai, yadi maiM svayaM prayatna karU~, to unake samAna hI bana sakatA huuN| mujhe apane puruSArtha se unake samAna banane kA prayatna karanA caahie| jaina mAnyatA to yaha hai ki vyakti apane hI prayatnoM se apanA AdhyAtmika utthAna yA patana kara sakatA hai| svayaM pApa se mukti hone kA prayatna na karake kevala bhagavAn se mukti kI prArthanA karanA jaina vicAraNA kI dRSTi se sarvathA nirarthaka hai| aisI viveka zUnya prArthanAoM ne mAnava jAti ko saba prakAra se hIna, dIna evaM parApekSI banAyA hai| jaba manuSya kisI aise uddhAraka meM vizvAsa karane lagatA hai, jo usakI stuti se prasanna hokara use pApa se ubAra legA, to aisI niSThA se sadAcAra kI mAnyatAoM ko bhI gaharA dhakkA lagatA hai| jaina vicArakoM kI yaha spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki kevala tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti karane se mokSa evaM samAdhi kI prApti nahIM hotI, jaba taka ki manuSya svayaM usake lie prayAsa na kre| jaina vicArakoM ke anusAra tIrthaMkara to sAdhanA mArga ke prakAzastambha haiN| jisa prakAra gati karanA jahAja kA kArya hai, usI prakAra sAdhanA kI dizA meM Age bar3hanA sAdhaka kA kArya hai jaise prakAza stambha kI upasthiti meM bhI jahAja samudra meM binA gati ke usa pAra nahIM pahu~catA vaise hI kevala nAma smaraNa yA bhakti sAdhaka ko nirvANa lAbha nahIM karA sakatI, jaba taka ki usake lie samyak prayatna na ho| hameM smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jaina paramparA meM bhakti kA lakSya AtmA ke zuddhasvarUpa kA bodha yA sAkSAtkAra hai, apane meM nihita paramAtmazakti ko abhivyakta karanA hai| AcArya kundakunda kahate haiM 4 - "samyagjJAna aura AcaraNa se yukta ho nirvANAbhimukha honA hI gRhastha aura zramaNa kI vAstavika bhakti hai| mukti ko prApta puruSoM ke guNoM kA kIrtana karanA vyAvahArika bhakti hai| vAstavika bhakti to AtmA ko mokSapatha meM yojita karanA hai| rAga-dveSa evaM vikalpoM kA parihAra karake vizuddha Atmatattva se yojita honA hI vAstavika bhakti yoga hai| RSabha Adi sabhI tIrthaMkara isI bhakti ke dvArA paramapada ko prApta hue haiN|" isa prakAra bhakti yA stavana mUlataH Atmabodha hai, vaha apanA hI kIrtana aura stavana hai| jaina darzana meM bhakti ke sacce svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue upAdhyAya devacandrajI likhate haiM aja-kula-gata kezarI lahare, nija pada siMha nihAla / tima prabhu bhakti bhavI lahere, Atama zakti sNbhaal|| jisa prakAra aja kula meM pAlita siMhazAvaka vAstavika siMha ke darzana se apane prasupta siMhatva ko prakaTa kara letA hai, usI prakAra .

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jaina dharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA 441 sAdhaka tIrthaMkaroM ke guNakIrtana yA stavana ke dvArA nija meM jinatva kI kintu usameM kahI bhI kucha prApta karane kI kAmanA nahIM kI gaI hai| zodha kara letA hai, svayaM meM nihita paramAtmazakti ko prakaTa kara letA isI prakAra zakrastava arthAt indra ke dvArA kI gaI tIrthakara kI stuti hai| lekina isakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki jaina sAdhanA meM bhagavAn kI ke nAma se jAne vAle 'namotthuNaM' nAmaka stotra (I0 pU0 3rI zatI) stuti nirarthaka hai| jaina sAdhanA yaha svIkAra karatI hai ki bhagavAn kI meM bhI arahaMta evaM tIrthaMkara ke guNoM kA citraNa hote hue bhI unase stuti prasupta antazcetanA ko jAgrata karatI hai aura hamAre sAmane sAdhanA kahIM koI upalabdhi kI AkAMkSA pradarzita nahIM kI gaI hai| jahA~ taka ke Adarza kA eka jIvanta citra upasthita karatI hai| itanA hI nahIM, mujhe smaraNa hai, jaina paramparA meM sarvaprathama paramAtmA yA prabhu se koI vaha usa Adarza kI prApti ke lie preraNA banatI hai| jaina vicArakoM yAcanA kI gayI to vaha caturviMzatistavana (I0 san 1lI zatI) meM ne yaha bhI svIkAra kiyA hai ki bhagavAn kI stuti ke mAdhyama se manuSya hai| isa stavana meM sarvaprathama prabhu se Arogya, bodhi aura samAdhi kI apanA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kara sakatA hai| yadyapi prayatna vyakti kA yAcanA kI gayI hai| isameM bhI bodhi evaM samAdhi to AdhyAtmika pratyaya hI hotA hai, tathApi sAdhanA ke Adarza una mahApuruSoM kA jIvana usakI hai, kintu Arogya ko cAhe AdhyAtmika sAdhanA meM Avazyaka mAnA preraNA kA nimitta hotA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra (29/90) meM kahA hai ki jAya phira bhI vaha eka laukika pratyaya hI hai| prabhu se Arogya kI stavana se vyakti kI darzana-vizuddhi hotI hai| yaha bhI kahA hai ki kAmanA karanA yaha sUcita karatA hai ki jaina paramparA kI bhakti kI bhagavadbhakti ke phalasvarUpa pUrvasaMcita karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai| yadyapi avadhAraNA meM apanI sahavartI hindU paramparA kA prabhAva AyA hai, kyoMki isakA kAraNa paramAtmA kI kRpA nahIM, varan vyakti ke dRSTikoNa kI jaina dArzanika mAnyatA ke anusAra to prabhu kisI ko Arogya bhI pradAna vizuddhi hI hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu ne isa bAta ko bar3e hI spaSTa rUpa nahIM karate hai| arahaMta ke rUpa meM vaha hameM mokSa-mArga yA mukti-patha meM svIkAra kiyA hai ki bhagavAn ke nAma-smaraNa se pApoM kA puMja naSTa kA mAtra bodha karAte hai, use bhI cala kara pAnA to hameM hI hotA hai| hotA hai| AcArya vinayacandra bhagavAn kI stuti karate hue kahate haiM- ataH isa caturviMzati stavana meM jo Arogya kI kAmanA hai vaha nizcita pApa-parAla ko puMja vaNyo ati, mAno merU aakaaro| rUpa se jaina paramparA para anya paramparA ke prabhAva kA sUcaka hai| bhaviSya te tuma nAma hutAzana setI, sahaja hI prajalata saaro|| meM to isa prakAra anya prayatna bhI hue| jaina paramparA meM uvasaggahara isa prakAra jaina dharma meM stuti yA guNa-saMkIrtana ko pApa kA praNAzaka stotra bhI paryApta rUpa se prasiddha hai| yaha sAmAnyatayA bhadrabAhu dvitIya to mAnA gayA kintu ise IzvarIya kRpA kA phala mAna lenA ucita nahIM kI kRti mAnI jAtI hai| isameM prabhu se bhakta ko upasarga se chuTakArA hai| jaina dharma ke anusAra vyakti ke pApoM ke kSaya kA kAraNa paramAtmA dilAne kI prArthanA kI gaI hai| jina vipattiyoM kI carcA hai unameM jvara, kI kRpA nahIM, kintu prabhu stuti ke mAdhyama se hue usake zuddha sarpadaMza Adi bhI sammilita haiN| yaha stotra isa bAta kA pramANa hai Atma-svarUpa kA bodha hai| prabhu kI stuti ke mAdhyama se jaba sAdhaka ki jaina paramparA meM bhakti kA sakAma svarUpa bhI antatogatvA vikasita apane zuddha Atma svarUpa ko jAna letA hai, apanI zakti kA pahacAna ho hI gyaa| yadyapi jaina AcAryoM ne yahA~ jina kI stuti ke sAtha letA hai to vaha jJAtA-draSTA bhAva meM arthAt Atma-svabhAva meM sthita pArzva-yakSa kI stuti ko bhI jor3a diyA hai| ho jAtA hai| phalataH vAsanAyeM svataH hI kSINa hone lagatI haiN| isa vastuta: jaba AcAryoM ne dekhA hogA ki upAsakoM ko jaina dharma prakAra jaina dharma meM stuti se pApoM kA kSaya aura Atmavizuddhi to mAnI meM tabhI sthita rakhA jA sakatA hai, jaba unheM unake bhautika maGgala kA gaI kintu isakA kAraNa IzvarIya kRpA nahIM, apitu apane zuddha svarUpa AzvAsana diyA jA ske| cU~ki tIrthaGkara dvArA kisI bhI sthiti meM bhaktoM kA bodha mAnA gyaa| ke bhautika maGgala kI koI sambhAvanA nahIM thI, isalie tIrthaGkara ke isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina paramparA meM stavana yA guNa- zAsana-saMrakSaka devoM ke rUpa meM zAsana devatA (yakSa-yakSI) kI kalpanA saMkIrtana ke rUpa meM jisa bhakti tattva kA vikAsa huA, vaha nisskaam| AyI aura isa rUpa meM hindU paramparA ke hI aneka deva-deviyoM ko bhakti kA hI eka rUpa thaa| na kevala samAhita kiyA gayA, apitu yaha bhI mAnA gayA ki unakI upAsanA yA bhakti karane para ve prasanna hokara bhautika duHkhoM ko dUra jainadharma aura sakAma bhakti karate haiN| yakSa-yakSiNiyoM ke jaina dharma meM praveza ke sAtha hI usameM hindU niSkAma bhakti kI yaha avadhAraNA Adarza hote hue bhI sAmAnyajana dharma kI karma-kANDaparaka tAntrika upAsanA paddhati bhI kucha saMzodhanoM ke lie duHsAdhya hI hai| sAmAnyajana eka aise bhagavAn kI kalpanA evaM parivartanoM ke sAtha samAhita kara lI gii| karate haiM jo prasanna hokara usake duHkhoM ko dUra kara use ihalaukika jaina stotra sAhitya meM saMskRta meM jo sundara stutiyA~ likhI gaIM sukha pradAna kara ske| yahI kAraNa rahA ki jaina dharma meM stuti kI niSkAmatA unameM siddhasena divAkara kI dvAtriMzikAe~ tathA samantabhadra ke devAgama dhIre-dhIre kama hotI gayI aura stutiyA~ tathA prArthanAyeM aihika lAbha Adi stotra prasiddha haiN| saMskRta meM racita ye stutiyA~ na kevala jina-stuti ke sAtha jur3atI gyiiN| jaina paramparA meM stuti kA sabase prAcIna rUpa haiM, apitu jina-stuti ke byAja se pracalita dArzanika mAnyatAoM kI sUtrakRtAMga (I0pU04thI-3rI zatI) ke chaThe adhyayana meM 'vIra-stuti' sundara samIkSA bhI haiN| ina stutiyoM meM jaina dharma kA dArzanika svarUpa ke nAma se upalabdha hai| isameM mahAvIra ke guNoM kA saMkIrtana to hai adhika ubharakara sAmane AyA hai| isalie ina stutiyoM ko bhaktiparaka

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442 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 kama aura darzanaparaka adhika mAnA jA sakatA hai| Apano Atama bhAvaje, eka cetanano adhAra re / AThavI-navIM zatI ke pazcAt jina bhaktiparaka stotroM kI racanA avara savi sAtha saMjogathI, e nija parikara sAra re / / jaina paramparA meM huI, unameM bhaktAmarastotra, kalyANamaMdirastotra Adi prabhu mukha thI ima sAMbhalI, kahai AtamarAma re / / * prasiddha haiN| yadyapi ye stotra jaina paramparA meM sakAma bhakti kI avadhAraNA thAharai darisaNe nistarayo, mujha sIdhA savi kAma re|| ke vikAsa ke bAda hI racita haiN| inameM pada-pada para laukika kalyANa - zAMti jina-stavana kI prArthanAe~ bhI haiN| paravartI kAla meM to marU-gurjara, purAnI hindI Adi vaMdana meM bahuta sI stutiyA~ likhI gaIM, jinameM AdhyAtmika kalyANa ke vaMdana kA jaina paramparA meM muni va gRhastha donoM ke SaT Avazyaka sAtha-sAtha laukika kalyANa kI prArthanA kI gii| Anandaghana aura devacanda kartavyoM meM tIsarA sthAna hai| puNya karma ke vivecana meM bhI namaskAra jaise kaviyoM kI caubIsiyA~ bhaktirasa se ota-prota haiN| madhyakAla meM ko puNya kahA gayA hai| namaskAra yA vaMdana tabhI sambhava hotA hai jaba viSNusahasranAma ke samAna jaina paramparA meM bhI jinasahastranAma jaise grantha usameM vaMdanIya ke prati pUjya-buddhi yA samAdara bhAva ho| isa prakAra likhe ge| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina paramparA meM stutiyoM evaM vaMdana bhI bhakti kA eka rUpa hai| jainoM ke pavitra namaskAra mantra meM pA~ca stutiparaka sAhitya kI racanA ati prAcInakAla se lekara vartamAna yuga padoM ko vaMdana kiyA gayA hai| ve pA~ca pada haiM- 1. arahaMta, 2. siddha, taka jIvita rahI hai aura hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM bhakti gIta likhe gaye 3. AcArya, 4. upAdhyAya aura 5. saadhu| yahA~ vizeSa rUpa se jJAtavya jinakA sampUrNa vivaraNa prastuta karanA isa lekha meM sambhava nahIM hai| yaha hai ki isa namaskAra mantra meM viziSTa guNoM ke dhAraNa karane vAle yadyapi jaina dharma meM sakAma stutiyoM yA prArthanAoM ke rUpa yatra-tatra padoM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| vaMdana meM mukhya rUpa se arahaMta, siddha parilakSita hote haiM, kintu vItarAgatA aura mukti kI AkAMkSI jaina paramparA AcArya, guru evaM apane se pada yogyatA, dIkSA Adi meM jyeSTha vyakti meM phalAkAMkSA se yukta sakAma bhakti kA koI sthAna nahIM ho sakatA ko vaMdanIya mAnA jAtA hai| vaMdana kA yaha tattva eka ora vyakti ke hai, yaha hameM smaraNa rahanA cAhie, kyoMki jaina paramparA meM phalAkAMkSA ahaMkAra ko vigalita karane kA sAdhana hai to dUsarI ora vinaya-guNa ko zalya (kAMTA) kahA gayA hai| phalAkAMkSA sahita bhakti ko nidAna-zalya kA bhI vikAsa karatA hai| yaha suspaSTa hai ki ahaMkAra ko sabhI dharma kahA gayA hai| jaina paramparA meM bhakti kA yathArtha Adarza kyA hai? ise aura paramparAoM meM durguNa mAnA gayA hai| jaina dharma meM vinaya ko dharma jaina kavi dhanaJjaya ne nimna zabdoM meM abhivyakta kiyA hai - kA mUla yA AdhAra kahA gayA hai| iti stutiM deva vidhAya dainyAd, varaM na yAce tvmupekssko'si| jaina paramparA meM isa prazna para bhI gambhIratA se vicAra kiyA gayA chAyA taruM sazrayata: svata: syAt kazchAyA yaacityaa''tmlaabh:| hai ki vaMdanIya kauna hai? jaisA ki hama pUrva meM sUcita kara cuke haiM, athAsti ditsA yadivoparodhaH tvayyeva saktAM diza bhakti buddhiN| jaina paramparA meM uparyukta pA~ca pada ko dhAraNa karane vAle vyakti hI vaMdanIya kariSyate deva tathA kupAM me, ko vAtmapoSye sumukho na suurii:| mAne gaye haiN| kintu sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jina vyaktiyoM "he prabhu! isa prakAra ApakI stuti karake maiM Apase koI varadAna meM ina padoM ke lie varNita yogyatA kA abhAva hai ve veza yA pada nahIM mAMganA cAhatA hU~, kyoMki kucha mAMganA to eka prakAra kI dInatA para sthApita ho jAne mAtra se vaMdanIya nahIM bana jaate| jaina paramparA hai, puna: Apa rAga-dveSa se rahita haiM, binA rAga ke kauna kisa kI AkAMkSA spaSTa rUpa se zithilAcAriyoM ke vaMdana aura saMsarga kA niSedha karatI pUrI karatA hai, punaH chAyAvAle vRkSa ke nIce baiThakara chAyA kI yAcanA hai, kyoMki inake mAdhyama se samAja meM duSpravRttiyoM ko na kevala bar3hAvA karanA to vyartha hI hai| vaha to svata: hI prApta ho jAtI hai|" isa milatA hai apitu sAmAjika jIvana meM bhI zithilAcAra Ane kI sambhAvanA prakAra jaina darzana meM bhakti kA utsa to niSkAmatA hI hai| usameM sakAmatA rahatI hai| ata: vaMdana kisako kiyA jAya aura kise na kiyA jAya, jo tattva praviSTa huA hai, vaha hindU paramparA aura samasAmayika paristhitiyoM isa sambandha meM viveka ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| vaMdana kaise kiyA kA prabhAva hai| jAya, isa sambandha meM bhI jaina paramparA meM vistAra se carcA upalabdha jaina paramparA meM stuti yA stavana kA mahattva to isI tathya se hotI hai, sAtha hI usameM sadoSa vaMdana ke 32 doSoM kA citraNa bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai, usameM muni athavA gRhastha ke jo dainika SaT Avazyaka huA hai| vistArabhaya se usakI carcA yahA~ apekSita nahIM hai| kartavya batAye gae haiM, usameM dUsare krama para stuti kA nirupaNa hai| jainoM ke namaskAra mantra meM jo pA~ca pada vaMdanIya hai unameM tIrthaGkara ata: hama kaha sakate haiM ki zraddhA ke sAtha-sAtha jaina dharma meM bhakti yA arhat ke lie kevala siddha pada vaMdanIya hotA hai| AcArya ke lie kA dUsarA mahattvapUrNa pakSa stuti bhI svIkRta rahA hai| arahaMta aura siddha ye do pada vaMdanIya haiN| isIlie prAcIna abhilekhoM stuti vastuta: upAsya ke guNoM kA hI saMkIrtana hai| jaina paramparA meM sAmAnyatayA arahaMta va siddha aise do padoM ke namaskAra kA ullekha meM jo stutiyA~ upalabdha haiM, unameM arahaMta, siddha yA tIrthaGkara ke guNoM hai| upAdhyAya ke lie arahaMta, siddha evaM AcArya, ye tIna pada vaMdanIya kA saMkIrtana kiyA jAtA hai, kintu isakA mukhya uddezya to AtmA hai| jabaki sAmAnya muniyoM ke lie arahaMta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya kI zuddha-svabhAva-dazA kI upalabdhi hI hai| saMta Anandaghana jI aura apane se dIkSA meM jyeSTha muni, isa prakAra pA~coM hI pada vaMdanIya likhate haiN|6 - hote haiN| isI prakAra gRhastha ke lie bhI upayukta pA~coM hI pada vaMdanIya

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jaina dharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA 443 mAne gaye haiN| jaina paramparA meM jo vaMdana ke pATha upalabdha haiM unake anusAra devadUSya-yugala phnaayaa| devadUSya pahanAkara puSpa, mAlA, gandha, cUrNa, vaMdana meM pUjya-buddhi yA sammAna kA bhAva Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| vastra aura AbhUSaNa cddh'aaye| ina sabako car3hAne ke anantara phira Upara pUjya-buddhi ke abhAva meM vaMdana kA koI artha nahIM raha jaataa| se nIce taka laTakatI huI lambI-lambI golA mAlAe~ phnaaiiN| mAlAe~ stuti evaM vaMdana donoM meM hI guNa-saMkIrtana kI bhAvanA spaSTa rUpa se pahanAkara paJcaraGge puSpagaNoM ko hAtha meM lekara unakI varSA kI aura mAMDane jur3I hai| mAMDakara usa sthAna ko suzobhita kiyaa| phira una jina-pratimAoM ke sanmukha zubhra, salaune, rajatamaya akSata tanduloM (cAvaloM) se ATha-ATha pUjA, arcA aura bhakti maGgaloM kA Alekhana kiyA, yakSa, svAstika yAvat drpnn| jaina paramparA meM mUrti-pUjA kI avadhAraNA ati prAcIna kAla se tadanantara una jina-pratimAoM ke sammukha zreSTha kAle agara, kundaru, pAyI jAtI hai| tIrthaGkaroM kI pratimAoM kI pUjA kA vidhAna AgamoM turUSka aura dhUpa kI mahakatI sugandha se vyApta aura dhUpabattI ke samAna meM upalabdha hai| paravartI kAla meM zAsana-devatA ke rUpa meM yakSa-yakSI surabhigandha ko phailAne vAle svarNa evaM maNiratnoM se racita, citra-vicitra evaM kSetrapAloM (bhairava) kI pUjA bhI hone lgii| jaina paramparA meM tIrthaGkara racanAoM se yukta vaiDUryamana dhUpadAna ko lekara dhUpakSepa kiyA tathA vizuddha pratimAoM kA nirmANa I.pU. tIsarI zatI se to spaSTa rUpa se hone apUrva artha sampanna apunarukta mahimAzAlI eka sau ATha chandoM meM stuti lagA thA, kyoMki mauryakAla kI jina-pratimA upalabdha hotI hai| isase kii| stuti karake sAta-ATha paga pIche haTA aura phira pIche haTakara pUrva bhI nanda rAjA ke dvArA kaliGga-jina kI pratimA ko uThAkara le bAyAM ghuTanA U~cA kiyA aura dAyAM ghuTanA jamIna para TikAkara tIna jAne kA jo khAravela kA abhilekhIya sAkSya upalabdha hai, usake AdhAra bAra mastaka ko bhUmi tala para nmaayaa| namAkara kucha U~cA uThA tathA para yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki maurya kAla se pUrva bhI tIrthaGkara pratimAoM mastaka U~cA karake donoM hAtha jor3akara AvartapUrvaka mastaka para aJjali kA nirmANa prArambha ho gayA thaa| kintu usa yuga kI jina-pratimA kI karake prabhu kI stuti kii| pUjA-arcA kI vidhi ko batAne vAlA koI grantha Aja upalabdha nahIM isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki munijana jo sacitta dravya kA sparza hai| jaina paramparA meM pUjA-arcA ke vidhi-vidhAna evaM mandira-nirmANa nahIM karate the, ve kevala vaMdana yA guNa-stavana hI karate the kintu gRhastha kalA Adi ko sUcita karane vAle jo grantha upalabdha haiM, ve lagabhaga pUjana-sAmagrI meM sacitta dravyoM kA upayoga karate the| yadyapi usa sambandha I0 san kI prArambhika sadiyoM ke haiN| jaina AgamoM meM sthAnAGga, jJAtAdharma meM aneka satarkatAe~ baratI jAtI thIM, jinakA ullekha 7-8vIM zatI evaM rAjapraznIya sUtra meM mandira-saMracanA evaM jina-pratimAoM kI pUjana ke jaina AcAryoM ne kiyA hai| jainoM kI pUjA-vidhi kI jaba hama vidhi ke ullekha haiN| mathurA ke prathama zatI ke aGkanoM se bhI isa tathya vaiSNava-vidhi se tulanA karate haiM taba hama pAte haiM ki donoM meM kAphI kI puSTi hotI hai, kyoMki unameM kamala-puSpa le jAte hue zrAvaka- samAnatA thii| mAtra yahI nahIM jainoM ne apanI pUjA-vidhi ko vaiSNava zrAvikAoM ko aMkita kiyA gayA hai| jo pUjA-vidhi rAjapraznIyasUtra paramparA se gRhIta kiyA thaa| unake AhvAna, visarjana Adi ke mantra aura paravartI granthoM meM upalabdha hai usake anusAra muni aura sAdhviyA~ na kevala hindu paramparA kI nakala haiM, apitu unakI dArzanika mAnyatAoM to jina-pratimAoM kI vaMdanA evaM stuti ke rUpa meM bhAva-pUjA hI karate ke virodha meM bhI haiN| isakI svatantracarcA hamane anya lekha meM kI hai haiN| mAtra gRhastha hI unakI pUjA-sAmagrI se dravya pUjA karatA hai| gRhastha (zramaNa 1990) vItarAga paramAtmA kI jisane tyAga, vairAgya va tapa kI pUjA vidhi ke anusAra kUpa athavA puSkaraNI meM snAna karake vahA~ kA upadeza diyA usakI pUjA, puSpa, phala, naivedya, dhUpa, dIpa Adi se kamala-puSpa aura jala lekara jina-pratimA kA pUjana kiyA jAtA se kI jAya yaha spaSTa rUpa se anya paramparA kA prabhAva hai| cU~ki vaiSNava thaa| jJAtAdharma dropadI dvArA mAtra pUjA karane kA ullekha hai| paramparA meM yaha vidhi pracalita thI, jainoM ne unhIM se gRhIta kara liyA kintu rAjapraznIya meM jina-pratimA kI pUjA-vidhi nimna prakAra se aura ve jina-pUjA ke aGga mAna liye ge| vaiSNava paramparA meM varNita hai paJcopacAra-pUjA va SoDaSocAra-pUjA ke ullekha milate haiN| jainoM meM usake "tatpazcAt sUryAbhadeva cAra hajAra sAmAnika devoM yAvat aura dUsare sthAna para aSTaprakArI-pUjA evaM sataraha bhedI pUjA ke ullekha haiN| donoM bahuta se devoM aura deviyoM se pariveSThita hokara apanI samasta Rddhi, meM nAma krama Adi dekhane para yaha siddha hotA hai ki jaina paramparA meM vaibhava yAvat vAdyoM kI tumula dhvanipUrvaka jahA~ siddhAyatana thA, vahA~ pUjA-vidhi kA vikAsa vaiSNava paramparA se prabhAvita hai| sAmAnyatayA aayaa| pUrva dvAra se praveza karake jahA~ devachaMdaka aura jina-pratimAe~ bhakti ke kSetra meM vigraha-pUjA kI prAthamikatA rahI hai aura jaina paramparA thIM, vahA~ aayaa| vahA~ Akara usane jina-pratimAoM ko dekhate hI praNAma meM bhI cAhe kiMcita paravartI kyoM na hoM, kintu jina-mUrtiyoM kI pUjA karake lomamayI pramArjanI (mayUra-piccha kI pUMjanI) hAtha meM lI aura ke rUpa meM isakA pracalana huaa| jaina pUjA-paddhati vaiSNava bhakti paramparA pramArjanI ko lekara jina-pratimAoM ko pramArjita kiyaa| pramArjita karake se na kevala prabhAvita rahI, apitu usakA anukaraNa mAtra hai tathA jaina surabhi gandhodaka se una jina-pratimAoM kA prakSAlana kiyaa| prakSAlana darzana kI mAnyatAoM ke viruddha hai, isa tathya kI paM0 phUlacandra jI karake sarasa gozIrSa candana kA lepa kiyaa| lepa karake kASAyika surabhi siddhAnta zAstrI ne bhI jJAnapITha pUjAJjali meM vistAra se carcA kI hai| gandha se suvAsita vastra se unako pochaa| una jina-pratimAoM ko akhaNDa maiMne bhI apane lekha jaina dharma ke dhArmika anuSThAna evaM kalA tattva

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444 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 meM vistAra se carcA kI hai| yahA~ isakA ullekha mAtra yaha batAtA hai viraha-bhakti ke aneka gIta likhe haiN| unake kucha udAharaNa prastuta haiMki jaina paramparA meM bhaktimArga kA jo vikAsa hai, vaha hindU paramparA RSabha jiNesara prItama mAharo, aura na cAhU~ kaMta / se prabhAvita hokara hI huA hai| rIjhyoM sAhaba saija na parihare, bhAMge sAdi ananta / / jahA~ taka dAsa, sakhya evaM Atma-nivedana rUpa bhaktiyoM ke ullekha prIta sagAI jaga mAM saha karai, prIta sagAI na koya / kA prazna hai, anIzvaravAdI jaina paramparA meM svAmI-sevaka bhAva se prabhu prIta sagAI nirUpAdhika kahI re, sopAdhika dhana khoy|| kI upAsanA svIkRta nahIM rahI hai, kyoMki usameM bhakti kA lakSya usa paramAtmadazA kI prApti hai jisameM svAmI-sevaka kA bhAva samApta ho prItama prAna pati binA, priyA kaise jIvai ho / jAtA hai| phira bhI sAdhakadazA meM paramAtmA ke prati pUjya-buddhi jaina prAna-pavana virahA-dazA, bhuaMgani pIvai ho / / paramparA meM bhI mAnya rahI aura usa rUpa meM jaina sAdhaka apane ko paramAtmA sItala paMkhA kumakumA, candana kahA lAvai ho / kA sevaka bhI sUcita karatA hai| jaina bhakti gItoM meM aneka sthAnoM para anala na virahAnala yahai, tana tApa bar3hAvai ho|| bhakta apane ko paramAtmA ke sevaka ke rUpa meM prastuta bhI karatA hai| jaina saMta Anandaghana jI likhate haiM vedana viraha athAha hai, pAnI nava nejA ho| eka araja sevaka taNIre, avadhAro jinadeva / kona habIba tabIba hai, TArai karaka karejA ho|| kRpA karI mujha dIjie re, Anandaghana pada seva / / gAla hathelI lagAI kai, surasiMdhu hamelI ho| - vimala jinastavana a~suvana nIra bahAya kai, sIMca kara belI ho|| phira bhI vaiSNava bhakti paramparA meM jo sadaiva hI paramAtmA kA sevaka bane rahane kI utkaTa bhAvanA hai, vaha jaina paramparA meM nahIM pAyI jaatii| milApI Ana milAvo re, mere anubhava mIThaDe miit| usakA Adarza to svayaM paramAtmapada ko prApta kara lenA hai| isameM sarvocca cAtika piu piu karai re, pIu milAve na aan| sthiti meM svAmI aura sevaka kA bheda nahIM raha jaataa| bhakta sadaiva hI jIva pIvana pIuM pIuM karai pyAre, jIu niu Ana ayaan|| yaha prArthanA karatA hai ki bhakta aura bhagavAna ke bIca kA yaha antara isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM viraha va prema ko lekara aneka bhakti kaise samApta ho? santa Anandaghana jI likhate haiM gItoM kI racanAe~ huI haiN| usameM zuddha caitanya AtmA ko pati tathA padyaprabhu jina tujha muja AMtarU re, kima bhAMjai bhgvNt| AtmA ke samatA rUpa svAbhAvika dazA ko patnI tathA AtmA kI hI karma vipAke kAraNa joine koI kahe matimaMta / / vaibhAvika dazA ko sauta ke rUpa meM citrita kara AdhyAtmika prema kA anta meM usa antara ko samApta hone kI pUrNa AsthA rakhate hue anUThA varNana kiyA gayA hai| bhakta kahatA hai19 - nArada bhaktisUtra meM prema svarUpA bhakti ke nimna gyAraha prakAroM kA tujha mujha antara ante bhAMjase bAjasyai maMgala tUra / ullekha huA haijaina bhakti kA Adarza vAkya hai 1. guNamahAtmyAsakti, 2. rUpAsakti, 3. pUjAsakti, 4. smaraNAvande tad guNalabdhaye -tttvaarthsuutr-mngglaacrnn| sakti 5. dAsyAsakti, 6. sakhyAsakti, 7. kAntAsakti, 8. vAtsalyAisa prakAra jainadharma meM bhakti kA prayojana paramAtmadazA ko prApta sakti, 9. AtmanivedanAsakti, 10. tanmayatAsakti, 11. prmvirhaaskti| kara svAmI-sevaka-bhAva samApta karanA hI rahA hai| inameM bhI rUpAsakti, smaraNAsakti, guNamahAtmayAsakti aura isa prakAra sakhyabhAva se bhakti ke ullekha bhI jaina paramparA meM pUjAsakti to stavana, vaMdana evaM pUjana ke rUpa meM jaina paramparA meM bhI mila jAte haiN| phira bhI donoM paramparA meM jo maulika antara hai use pAI jAtI haiN| zeSa dAsa sakhya, kAntA, vAtsalya Adi ko bhI paravartI lakSya meM rakhanA hI hogaa| jaina paramaparA meM paramAtmA koI eka vyakti jainAcAryoM ne apanI paramparAgata dArzanika mAnyatAoM ke anurUpa banAkara vizeSa nahIM hai jisase sakhyabhAva jor3A jA ske| apitu pratyeka AtmA prastuta kiyA hai| kA apanA zuddha svarUpa hI usakA sakhA yA mitra hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina paramparA meM bhakti kI isI prakAra vaiSNava paramparA meM paramAtmA ko pati mAnakara bhakti avadhAraNA stavana, vaMdana, vinaya, pUjA aura sevA ina-sabhI pakSoM ko kI paramparA bhI pAyI jAtI hai| prema aura viraha ke rUpa meM bhakti gItoM samAhita kiye hue hai| sevA ke kSetra meM bhakti ke do rUpa rahe haiMkI paramparA ati prAcIna hai| yadyapi jaina paramparA kI sAdhanA kA mukhya eka to svayaM ArAdhya Adi kI pratimA kI sevA karanA, dUsare gItA uddezya to rAga-bhAva se Upara uThanA hI rahA hai, phira bhI paramAtmA ke ke yuga se hI saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ko prabhu kA pratinidhi mAnakara prati ananya prema kA prakaTana usameM bhI huA hai| yadyapi merI dRSTi meM unakI sevA ko bhI bhakti meM sthAna diyA gyaa| jaina paramparA meM bhI yaha saba vaiSNava bhaktimArgI paramparA kA hI prabhAva rahA hai| samayasundara, nizIthacUrNi (sAtavIM zatI) meM yaha prazna uThA hai ki eka vyakti jo Anandaghana, yazovijaya, devacandra Adi jaina kaviyoM ne paramAtmA ko prabhu kA nAma smaraNa karatA hai, dUsarA jo glAna vRddha va rogiyoM kI pati mAnakara aneka bhakti gItoM kI racanA kI hai| Anandaghana ne suzruSA karatA hai, unameM zreSTha hai? isa sambandha meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha

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jaina dharma meM bhakti kI avadhAraNA 445 kahA gayA hai ki jo vRddha, rogI Adi kI sevA karatA hai, vaha bhagavAn kI hI sevA karatA hai| isa prakAra bhakti meM sevA kI jo avadhAraNA thI, usane eka loka-kalyANakArI rUpa grahaNa kiyA, yahI jaina bhakti kI vizeSatA hai| 1. sarvArthasiddhi, saMpA0 paM0 phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI, prakA0 bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1955, 6/24/12 / 2. kalpasUtraTIkA, jinavijayajI, prakA0 hIrAlAla haMsarAja jaina, jAmanagara, 1939, pR0 120 / 3. gItA, gItA presa, gorakhapura, 2018, 4/39 / 4. AcArAGgasUtra, saMpA0 madhukaramuni, prakA0 zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1980 / sUtrakRtAGgasUtra, saMpA0madhukara muni, prakA0 zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1982, 1/14/20 // 6. jJAtAdharmakathA, saMpA0 madhukara muni, prakA0 zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 16/14 / 7. tattvArthasUtra, vive0sukhalAla saMdhavI, prakA0 pArzvanAtha vidyApITha zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1976, 6/23 / Avazyakaniyukti, saMpA0 bI0ke0koThArI, prakA0 rilIjiyasa TrasTa, bambaI, 1981, 451-453 / 9. vahI, 1190-1111 / 10. zrImadbhAgavat , gItApresa, gorakhapura, 2006, 7/5/23 / 11. dazavaikAlikasUtra, saMpA0 madhukaramuni, prakA0 zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1974, 4/34 / 12. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saMpA0 madhukara muni, prakA0 zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, 1984, 28/35 / 13. vhii| 14. niyamasAra, anu0 AryikA jJAnamatI, vIra jJAnodaya granthamAlA, hastinApura, 1984, 134-140 / 15. Avazyakaniyukti, saMpA0 bI0ke0koThArI, prakA0rilIjiesa TrasTa, bambaI, 1981, 1110 / Anandaghana granthAvalI, saMpA0 mahatAbacanda khAraiDa vizArada, prakA0 zrI vijayacanda jaragaDa, jauharI bAjAra, ImalI vAle paMsArI ke Upara, jayapura, vi0 saM0 2031, zAMti jinastavana, 16/11,12 / 17. vahI, vimala jinastavana- 13/17 / 18. vahI, padmaprabha jinastavana, - 6/1,2 / 19. vahI, 6/6 / 20. vahI, RSabha jinastana, 1/1,2 tathA vahI pada 26, 49-32, 44-30 // Jain Education Interational