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________________ jaina dharma kA trividha sAdhanA mArga samyagdarzana zraddhA. zravaNa jaina darzana mokSa kI prApti ke lie trividha sAdhanA-mArga prastuta sakatA hai - karatA hai| tattvArthasUtra ke prArambha meM hI kahA gayA hai samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana aura samyagcAritra mokSa kA mArga hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM samyagjJAna, jaina darzana bauddha darzana gItA | upaniSad pAzcAtya darzana samyagdarzana, samyagcAritra aura samyagtapa aise catarvidha mokSa-mArga kA samyagjJAna, | zraddhA, citta, jJAna, manana Know thyself bhI vidhAna hai| paravatI jaina AcAryoM ne tapa kA antarbhAva cAritra meM samAdhi paripatha | prajJA Accept thyself kiyA hai aura isalie paravartI sAhitya meM isI trividha sAdhanA mArga praNipAta kA vidhAna milatA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne samayasAra evaM niyamasAra samyagcAritra | zIla, vIrya | karma, sevA | nididhyAsana | Be thyself meM, AcArya amRtacandra ne puruSArthasiddhayupAya meM, AcArya hemacandra ne yogazAstra meM vividha sAdhanA-patha kA vidhAna kiyA hai| sAdhanA-traya kA paraspara sambandha trividha sAdhanA-mArga hI kyoM ? jaina AcAryoM ne naitika sAdhanA ke lie ina tInoM sAdhanA mArgoM yaha prazna uTha sakatA hai ki trividha sAdhanA-mArga kA hI vidhAna ko eka sAtha svIkAra kiyA hai| unake anusAra naitika sAdhanA kI kyoM kiyA gayA hai? vastutaH trividha sAdhanA-mArga ke vidhAna meM pUrvavartI pUrNatA trividha sAdhanA-patha ke samagra paripAlana meM hI sambhava hai| jaina RSiyoM evaM AcAryoM kI gahana manovaijJAnika sUjha rahI hai| manovaijJAnika vicAraka tInoM ke samaveta se hI mukti mAnate haiN| unake anusAra na dRSTi se mAnavIya cetanA ke tIna pakSa mAne gaye haiM- jJAna, bhAva, aura akelA jJAna, na akelA karma aura na akelI bhakti mukti dene meM samartha sNklp| jIvana kA sAdhya cetanA ke ina tInoM pakSoM ke pariSkAra meM hai, jabaki kucha bhAratIya vicArakoM ne inameM se kisI eka ko hI mokSa mAnA gayA hai| ata: yaha Avazyaka hI thA ki ina tInoM pakSoM ke pariSkAra prApti kA sAdhana mAna liyA hai| AcArya zaGkara kevala jJAna se aura ke lie trividha sAdhanA-patha kA vidhAna kiyA jaaye| cetanA ke bhAvAtmaka rAmAnuja kevala bhakti se mukti kI sambhAvanA ko svIkAra karate haiM, pakSa ko samyak banAne ke lie evaM usake sahI vikAsa ke lie lekina jaina dArzanika aisI kisI ekAntavAditA meM nahIM par3ate haiN| samyagdarzana yA zraddhA (bhAva) kI sAdhanA kA vidhAna kiyA gyaa| isI unake anusAra to jJAna, karma aura bhakti kI samaveta sAdhanA meM hI prakAra jJAnAtmaka pakSa ke lie jJAna kA aura saMkalpAtmaka pakSa ke lie mokSa siddhi sambhava hai| inameM se kisI eka ke abhAva meM mokSa yA samyagcAritra kA vidhAna kiyA gyaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki trividha samatvarUpI sAdhya kI prApti sambhava nahIM hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA sAdhanA-patha ke vidhAna ke pIche jainoM kI eka manovaijJAnika dRSTi rahI hai ki darzana ke binA jJAna nahIM hotA aura jisameM jJAna nahIM hai usakA hai| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karane para hama pAte haiM ki bauddha darzana AcaraNa samyak nahIM hotaa| samyak AcaraNa ke abhAva meM Asakti meM zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA ke rUpa meM aura gItA meM jJAnayoga, bhaktiyoga se mukta nahIM huA jA sakatA hai aura jo Asakti se mukta nahIM usakA evaM karmayoga ke rUpa meM bhI trividha sAdhanA-mArga ke ullekha haiN| nirvANa yA mokSa nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra zAstrakAra yaha spaSTa kara detA hai ki nirvANa yA AtmapUrNatA kI prApti ke lie ina tInoM kI samaveta pAzcAtya cintana meM trividha sAdhanA-patha rUpa meM AvazyakatA hai| vastuta: sAdhya ke rUpa meM jisa pUrNatA ko pAzcAtya paramparAne meM tIna naitika Adeza upalabdha hote haiM- svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai vaha cetanA ke kisI eka pakSa kI pUrNatA (1) svayaM ko jAno nahIM varan tInoM pakSoM kI pUrNatA hai aura isake lie sAdhanA ke tInoM (2) svayaM ko svIkAra karo pakSa Avazyaka haiN| (3) svayaM hI bana jAo yadyapi dharma sAdhanA ke lie samyagjJAna, samyagdarzana aura pAzcAtya cintana ke ye tIna naitika Adeza, jaina paramparA ke samyak samyagcAritra yA zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA athavA zraddhA, jJAna aura karma jJAna, darzana aura cAritra ke trividha sAdhanA-mArga ke samakakSa hI haiN| tInoM Avazyaka haiM, lekina sAdhanA kI dRSTi se inameM eka pUrvAparatA AtmajJAna meM jJAna kA tattva, Atma-svIkRti meM zraddhA kA tattva aura kA krama bhI hai| Atma-nirmANa meM cAritra kA tattva svIkRta hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki trividha sAdhanA-mArga ke vidhAna meM samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna kA pUrvApara sambanya jaina, bauddha aura vaidika paramparAyeM hI nahIM, pAzcAtya vicAraka bhI ekamata jJAna aura darzana kI pUrvAparatA ko lekara jJAnamImAMsA kI dRSTi haiN| tulanAtmaka rUpa meM unheM nimna prakAra se prastuta kiyA jA se jaina vicAraNA meM kAphI vivAda rahA hai| kucha AcArya darzana ko
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________________ jaina dharma kA trividha sAdhanA-mArga 411 prAthamika mAnate haiM to kucha jJAna ko, kucha ne donoM kA yaugapatya meM prApta huI zraddhA se nahIM ho sktaa| jJAnAbhAva meM jo zraddhA hotI (samAnAntaratA) svIkAra kiyA hai| yadyapi AcAramImAMsA kI dRSTi se hai, usameM saMzaya hone kI sambhAvanA ho sakatI hai| aisI zraddhA yathArtha darzana kI prAthamikatA hI prabala rahI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA hai zraddhA nahIM varan andhazraddhA hI ho sakatI hai| jina praNIta tattvoM meM ki darzana ke binA jJAna nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra jJAna kI apekSA bhI yathArtha zraddhA to unake svAnubhava evaM tArkika parIkSaNa ke pazcAt darzana ko prAthamikatA dI gayI hai| tattvArthasUtrakAra umAsvAti ne bhI hI ho sakatI hai| yadyapi sAdhanA ke lie, AcaraNa ke lie zraddhA apane grantha meM darzana ko jJAna aura cAritra ke pahale sthAna diyA hai|6 anivArya tattva hai, lekina vaha jJAnaprasUta honI caahie| uttarAdhyayanasUtra AcArya kundakunda darzanapAhuDa meM kahate haiM ki dharma (sAdhanA-mArga) meM spaSTa kahA hai ki dharma kI samIkSA prajJA ke dvArA kareM, tarka se tattva darzana-pradhAna hai| kA vizleSaNa kreN| isa prakAra merI mAnyatA ke anusAra yathArtha dRSTiparaka lekina dUsarI ora kucha sandarbha aise bhI haiM jinameM jJAna ko prathama artha meM samyagdarzana ko jJAna ke pUrva lenA cAhie, jabaki zraddhAparaka mAnA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM, usI adhyAya meM mokSa-mArga kI vivecanA artha meM use jJAna ke pazcAt sthAna denA caahie| meM jo krama hai usameM jJAna kA sthAna prathama hai| vastuta: sAdhanAtmaka jIvana kI dRSTi se bhI jJAna aura darzana meM kise prAthamika mAnA jAya, samyagdarzana aura samyagcAritra kA pUrvApara sambanya yaha nirNaya karanA sahaja nahIM hai| isa vivAda ke mUla meM yaha tathya cAritra aura jJAna darzana ke pUrvApara sambandha ko lekara jaina vicAraNA hai ki zraddhAvAdI dRSTikoNa samyagdarzana ko prathama sthAna detA hai, jabaki meM koI vivAda nahIM hai| cAritra kI apekSA jJAna aura darzana ko prAthamikatA jJAnavAdI dRSTikoNa zraddhA ke samyak hone ke lie jJAna kI prAthamikatA pradAna kI gaI hai| cAritra sAdhanA-mArga meM gati hai, jJAna sAdhanA pakSa ko svIkAra karatA hai| vastutaH isa vivAda meM koI aikAntika nirNaya kA bodha hai aura darzana yaha vizvAsa jAgrata karatA hai ki vaha patha use lenA anucita hI hogaa| yahA~ samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa hI saMgata hogaa| apane lakSya kI ora le jAne vAlA hai| sAmAnya pathika bhI yadi patha navatattvaprakaraNa meM aisA hI samanvayavAdI dRSTikoNa apanAyA gayA hai, ke jJAna evaM isa dRr3ha vizvAsa ke abhAva meM ki vaha patha usake vAMchita jahA~ donoM ko eka-dUsare kA pUrvApara batAyA hai| kahA hai ki jo jIvAdi lakSya ko le jAtA hai, apane lakSya ko prApta nahIM kara sakatA to nava padArthoM ko yathArtha rUpa se jAnatA hai use samyaktva hotA hai| isa phira AdhyAtmika sAdhanA-mArga kA pathika binA jJAna aura AsthA (zraddhA) prakAra jJAna ko darzana ke pUrva batAyA gayA hai, lekina agalI paMkti ke kaise Age bar3ha sakatA hai? uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki meM hI jJAnAbhAva meM kevala zraddhA se hI samyaktva kI prApti mAna lI gaI jJAna se (yathArtha sAdhanA mArga ko) jAneM, darzana ke dvArA usa para vizvAsa hai aura kahA gayA hai ki jo vastutattva ko svata: nahIM jAnatA huA kareM aura cAritra se usa sAdhanA-mArga para AcaraNa karatA huA tapa bhI usake prati bhAva se zraddhA karatA hai use samyaktva ho jAtA hai| se apanI AtmA kA parizodhana kreN|12 hama apane dRSTikoNa se inameM se kise prathama sthAna deM, isakA yadyapi lakSya ko pAne ke lie cAritra rUpa prayAsa Avazyaka hai, nirNaya karane ke pUrva darzana ke artha kA nizcaya kara lenA jarurI hai| lekina prayAsa ko lakSyonmukha aura samyak honA caahie| mAtra andhe darzana zabda ke tIna artha haiM- (1) yathArtha dRSTikoNa, (2) zraddhA aura prayAsoM se lakSya prApta nahIM hotaa| yadi vyakti kA dRSTikoNa yathArtha (3) anubhuuti| isameM anubhUtiparaka artha kA sambandha to jJAnamImAMsA nahIM hai to jJAna yathArtha nahIM hogA aura jJAna ke yathArtha nahIM hone para hai aura usa sandarbha meM vaha jJAna kA pUrvavartI hai| yadi hama darzana kA cAritra yA AcaraNa bhI yathArtha nahIM hogaa| isalie jaina AgamoM meM yathArtha dRSTikoNaparaka artha lete haiM to sAdhanA-mArga kI dRSTi se use cAritra se darzana (zraddhA) kI prAthamikatA batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki prathama sthAna denA cAhie, kyoki yadi vyakti kA dRSTikoNa hI mithyA samyagdarzana ke abhAva meM samyagcAritra nahIM hotaa|13 hai, ayathArtha hai to na to usakA jJAna samyak (yathArtha) hogA aura na bhaktaparijJA meM kahA gayA hai ki darzana se bhraSTa (patita) hI vAstavika cAritra hii| yathArtha dRSTi ke abhAva meM yadi jJAna aura cAritra samyak bhraSTa hai, cAritra se bhraSTa nahIM hai, kyoMki jo darzana se yukta hai vaha pratIta bhI hoM, to bhI ve samyak nahIM kahe jA skte| vaha to sAMyogika saMsAra meM adhika paribhramaNa nahIM karatA jabaki darzana se bhraSTa vyakti prasaGga mAtra hai| aisA sAdhaka digbhrAnta bhI ho sakatA hai| jisakI dRSTi saMsAra se mukta nahIM hotaa| kadAcit cAritra se rahita siddha bhI ho jAye, dUSita hai, vaha kyA satya ko jAnegA aura kyA usakA AcaraNa karegA? lekina darzana se rahita kabhI bhI mukta nahIM hotaa|14 dUsarI ora yadi hama samyagdarzana kA zraddhAparaka artha lete haiM to usakA vastuta: dRSTikoNa yA zraddhA hI eka aisA tattva hai jo vyakti ke sthAna jJAna ke pazcAt hI hogaa| kyoMki avicala zraddhA to jJAna ke jJAna aura AcaraNa kA sahI dizA-nirdeza karatA hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu bAda hI utpanna ho sakatI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhI darzana kA zraddhAparaka AcArAGganiyukti meM kahate haiM ki samyagdRSTi se hI tapa, jJAna aura artha karate samaya use jJAna ke bAda hI sthAna diyA gayA hai, usameM sadAcaraNa saphala hote haiN|5 santa Anandaghana darzana kI mahattA ko siddha kahA gayA hai ki jJAna se padArtha (tattva) svarUpa ko jAneM aura darzana karate hue ananta jina ke stavana meM kahate haiM - ke dvArA usa para zraddhA kreN| vyakti ke svAnubhava (jJAna) ke pazcAt zuddha zraddhA binA sarva kiriyA karI, hI jo zraddhA utpanna hotI hai, usameM jo sthAyitva hotA hai vaha jJAnAbhAva chAra (rAkha) para lIpaNu teha jANo re|
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________________ 412 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritra kI pUrvAparatA isa prakAra jaina AcAryoM ne sAdhanA-traya meM jJAna ko atyadhika jaina vicArakoM ne cAritra ko jJAna ke bAda hI rakhA hai| dazavaikAlika mahattva diyA hai| AcArya amRtacandra kA uparyukta dRSTikoNa to jainadarzana sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jo jIva aura jIva ke svarUpa ko nahIM jAnatA, ko zaGkara ke nikaTa khar3A kara detA hai| phira bhI yaha mAnanA ki jaina aisA jIva aura ajIva ke viSaya meM ajJAnI sAdhaka kyA dharma (saMyama) dRSTi meM jJAna hI mAtra mukti kA sAdhana hai, jaina vicAraNA ke maulika kA AcaraNa karegA? 16 uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM bhI yahI kahA hai ki samyagjJAna mantavya se dUra honA hai| yadyapi jaina sAdhanA meM jJAna mokSa-prApti kA ke abhAva meM sadAcaraNa nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra jaina darzana jJAna ko prAthamika evaM anivArya kAraNa hai, phira bhI vaha ekamAtra kAraNa nahIM cAritra se pUrva mAnatA hai| jaina dArzanika yaha to svIkAra karate haiM ki mAnA jA sktaa| jJAnAbhAva meM mukti sambhava nahIM hai, kintu mAtra jJAna samyak AcaraNa ke pUrva samyak jJAna kA honA Avazyaka hai, phira se bhI mukti sambhava nahIM hai| jaina AcAryoM ne jJAna ko mukti kA anivArya bhI ve yaha svIkAra nahIM karate haiM ki akelA jJAna hI mukti kA sAdhana kAraNa svIkAra karate hue yaha batAyA ki zraddhA aura cAritra kA hai| jJAna AcaraNa kA pUrvavartI avazya hai, yaha bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA Adarzonmukha evaM samyak hone ke lie jJAna mahattvapUrNa tathya hai, samyagjJAna hai ki jJAna ke abhAva meM cAritra samyak nahIM ho sktaa| 18 lekina ke abhAva meM andhazraddhA hogI aura cAritra yA sadAcaraNa eka aisI kAgajI yaha prazna vicAraNIya hai ki kyA jJAna hI mokSa kA mUla hetu hai? mudrA ke samAna hogA, jisakA cAhe bAhya mUlya hoM, lekina Antarika mUlya zUnya hI hogaa| AcArya kundakunda, jo jJAnavAdI paramparA kA sAdhanA-praya meM jJAna kA sthAna pratinidhitva karate haiM, ve bhI spaSTa kahate haiM ki kore jJAna se nivArNa jainAcArya amRtacandrasUri jJAna kI cAritra se pUrvatA ko siddha karate nahIM hotA yadi zraddhA na ho aura kevala zraddhA se bhI nirvANa nahIM hotA hue eka carama sImA sparza kara lete haiN| ve apanI samayasAra TIkA yadi saMyama (sadAcaraNa) na ho| 23 / meM likhate haiM ki jJAna hI mokSa kA hetu hai, kyoMki jJAna kA abhAva jaina dArzanika zaGkara ke samAna na to yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki hone se ajJAniyoM meM antaraGga vrata, niyama, sadAcaraNa aura tapasyA mAtra jJAna se mukti ho sakatI hai, na rAmAnuja prabhRti bhakti-mArga ke Adi kI upasthiti hote hue bhI mokSa kA abhAva hai| kyoMki ajJAna AcAryoM ke samAna yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki mAtra bhakti se mukti hotI to bandha kA hetu hai, jabaki jJAnI meM ajJAna kA sadbhAva na hone se hai| unheM mImAMsA darzana kI yaha mAnyatA bhI grAhya nahIM hai ki mAtra bAhya vrata, niyama, sadAcaraNa, tapa Adi kI anupasthiti hone para bhI karma se mukti ho sakatI hai| ve to zraddhA-samanvita jJAna aura karma donoM mokSa kA sadbhAva hai| 19 AcArya zaGkara bhI yaha mAnate haiM ki eka hI se mukti kI sambhAvanA svIkAra karate haiN| kArya jJAna ke abhAva meM bandhana kA hetu aura jJAna kI upasthiti meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritra kA pUrvApara sambandha bhI mokSa kA hetu hotA hai| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki karma nahIM jJAna aikAntika nahIM hai| jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra sAdhanA-traya meM eka krama hI mokSa kA hetu hai| AcArya amRtacandra bhI jJAna ko trividha sAdhanoM to mAnA gayA hai, yadyapi isa krama ko bhI aikAntika rUpa meM svIkAra meM pramukha mAnate haiN| unakI dRSTi meM samyagdarzana aura samyagcAritra bhI karanA usakI syAdvAda kI dhAraNA kA atikramaNa hI hogA, kyoMki jahA~ jJAna ke hI rUpa haiN| ve likhate haiM ki mokSa ke kAraNa samyagdarzana, AcaraNa ke samyak hone ke lie samyagjJAna aura samyagdarzana Avazyaka jJAna aura cAritra haiN| jIvAdi tattvoM ke yathArtha zraddhAn rUpa se jo jJAna hai vahIM dUsarI ora samyagjJAna evaM darzana kI upalabdhi ke pUrva bhI AcaraNa hai vaha to samyagdarzana hai aura unakA jJAna-svabhAva meM jJAna honA samyagjJAna kA samyak honA Avazyaka hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra jaba taka tIvratama hai tathA rAgAdi ke tyAga-svabhAva ke jJAna kA honA samyagcAritra hai| (anantAnubandhI) krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha cAra kaSAyeM samApta nahIM isa prakAra jJAna hI paramArthata: mokSa kA kAraNa hai|21 hotI, taba taka samyagdarzana aura jJAna bhI prApta nahIM hotaa| AcArya yahA~ para AcArya darzana aura cAritra ko jJAna ke anya do pakSoM zaGkara ne bhI jJAna kI prApti ke pUrva vairAgya kA honA Avazyaka mAnA ke rUpa meM siddha kara mAtra jJAna ko hI mokSa kA hetu siddha karate haiN| hai| isa prakAra sadAcaraNa aura saMyama ke tattva samyagdarzana aura jJAna unake dRSTikoNa ke anusAra darzana aura cAritra bhI jJAnAtmaka haiM, jJAna kI upalabdhi ke pUrvavartI bhI siddha hote haiN|, dUsare, isa krama yA pUrvAparatA kI paryAyeM haiN| yadyapi yahA~ hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki AcArya ke AdhAra para bhI sAdhana-traya meM kisI eka ko zreSTha mAnanA aura dUsare mAtra jJAna kI upasthiti meM mokSa ke sadbhAva kI kalpanA karate haiM, phira ko gauNa mAnanA jaina darzana ko svIkRta nahIM hai| vastuta: sAdhana-traya bhI ve antaraGga cAritra kI upasthiti se inkAra nahIM karate haiN| antaraGga mAnavIya cetanA ke tIna pakSoM ke rUpa meM hI sAdhanA-mArga kA nirmANa cAritra to kaSAya Adi ke kSaya ke rUpa meM sabhI sAdhakoM meM karate haiN| dhArmika cetanA ke ina tIna pakSoM meM jaisI pArasparika prabhAvakatA upasthita hotA hai| sAdhaka AtmA pAramArthika dRSTi se jJAnamaya hI hai aura aviyojya sambandha rahA hai, vaisI hI pArasparika prabhAvakatA aura aura vahI jJAnamaya AtmA usakA sAdhya hai| isa prakAra jJAnasvabhAvamaya aviyojya sambandha mAnavIya tInoM pakSoM meM hai| AtmA hI mokSa kA upAdAna kAraNa hai kyoki jo jJAna hai, vaha AtmA hai aura jo AtmA hai vaha jJAna hai|22 ata: mokSa kA hetu jJAna hI jJAna aura kriyA ke sahayoga se mukti siddha hotA hai| sAdhanA-mArga meM jJAna aura kriyA (vihita AcaraNa) ke zreSThatva
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________________ jaina dharma kA trividha sAdhanA-mArga 413 ko lekara vivAda calA A rahA hai| vaidika yuga meM jahA~ vihita AcaraNa hai vaise hI AcaraNavihIna jJAna paGga ke samAna hai aura jJAnacakSuvihIna kI pradhAnatA rahI hai, vahIM aupaniSadika yuga meM jJAna para bala diyA AcaraNa andhe ke samAna hai| AcaraNavihIna jJAna aura jJAnavihIna jAne lgaa| bhAratIya cintakoM ke samakSa prAcIna samaya se hI yaha samasyA AcaraNa donoM nirarthaka haiM aura saMsAra rUpI dAvAnala se sAdhaka ko rahI hai ki jJAna aura kriyA ke bIca sAdhanA kA yathArtha tattva kyA bacAne meM asamartha haiN| jisa prakAra eka cakra se ratha nahIM calatA, akelA hai? jaina paramparA ne prArambha se hI sAdhanA-mArga meM jJAna aura kriyA andhA tathA akelA paGga icchita sAdhya taka nahIM pahu~cate, vaise hI mAtra kA samanvaya kiyA hai| pArzvanAtha ke pUrvavartI yuga meM jaba zramaNa paramparA jJAna athavA mAtra kriyA se mukti nahIM hotI, varan donoM ke sahayoga dehadaNDanaparaka tapa-sAdhanA meM aura vaidika paramparA yajJayAgaparaka se mukti hotI hai|30 vyAkhyAprajJapti meM jJAna aura kriyA meM se kisI kriyAkANDoM meM hI sAdhanA kI itizrI mAnakara sAdhanA ke mAtra eka ko svIkAra karane kI vicAraNA ko mithyA vicAraNA kahA gayA AcaraNAtmaka pakSa para bala dene lagI thI, to unhoMne use jJAna se samanvita hai|31 mahAvIra ne sAdhaka kI dRSTi se jJAna aura kriyA ke pArasparika karane kA prayAsa kiyA thaa| mahAvIra aura unake bAda jaina vicArakoM sambandha kI eka caturbhaGgI kA kathana isI sandarbha meM ne bhI jJAna aura AcaraNa donoM se samanvita sAdhanA-patha kA upadeza kiyA haidiyaa| jaina vicArakoM kA yaha spaSTa nirdeza thA ki mukti na to mAtra (1) kucha vyakti jJAna-sampanna haiM, lekina cAritra-sampanna aupaniSadika evaM sAMkhya paramparAoM kI samIkSA karate hue uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki kucha vicAraka mAnate haiM ki pApa kA tyAga kie binA hI mAtra Aryatattva (yathArthatA) ko jAnakara hI AtmA sabhI duHkhoM se chUTa jAtI hai, lekina bandhana aura mukti ke siddhAnta meM vizvAsa karane vAle ye vicAraka saMyama kA AcaraNa nahIM karate hue kevala vacanoM se hI AtmA ko AzvAsana dete haiN| sUtrakRtAGgasUtra meM kahA hai ki ye manuSya cAhe vaha brAhmaNa ho, bhikSuka ho, aneka zAstroM kA jAnakAra ho athavA apane ko dhArmika prakaTa karatA ho, yadi usakA AcaraNa acchA nahIM hai to vaha apane karmoM ke kAraNa duHkhI hogaa|25 aneka bhASAoM evaM zAstroM kA jJAna AtmA ko zaraNabhUta nahIM hotaa| mantrAdi vidyA bhI use kaise bacA sakatI hai? asad AcaraNa meM anurakta apane Apa ko paNDita mAnane vAle loga vastuta: mUrkha hI haiN|26 Avazyaka- niyukti meM jJAna aura cAritra ke pArasparika sambandha kA vivecana vistRta rUpa meM hai| usake kucha aMza isa samasyA kA hala khojane meM hamAre sahAyaka ho skeNge| niyuktikAra AcArya bhadrabAhu kahate haiM ki "AcaraNavihina aneka zAstroM ke jJAtA bhI saMsAra-samudra se pAra nahIM hote| mAtra zAstrIya jJAna se, binA AcaraNa ke koI mukti prApta nahIM kara sktaa| jisa prakAra nipuNa cAlaka bhI vAyu yA gati kI kriyA ke abhAva meM jahAja ko icchita kinAre para nahIM pahu~cA sakatA vaise hI jJAnI AtmA bhI tapa-saMyama rUpa sadAcaraNa ke abhAva meM mokSa prApta nahIM kara sktii|"27 mAtra jAna lene se kArya-siddhi nahIM hotii| tairanA jAnate hue bhI koI kAyaceSTA nahIM kare to DUba jAtA hai, vaise hI zAstroM ko jAnate hue bhI jo dharma kA AcaraNa nahIM karatA, vaha DUba jAtA hai|28 jaise candana Dhone vAlA candana se lAbhAnvita nahIM hotA, mAtra bhAra-vAhaka hI banA rahatA hai vaise hI AcaraNa se hIna jJAnI jJAna ke bhAra kA vAhaka mAtra hai, isase use koI lAbha nahIM hotaa|29 jJAna aura kriyA ke pArasparika sambandha ko loka prasiddha aMdha-paGga nyAya ke AdhAra para spaSTa karate hue AcArya likhate haiM ki jaise vana meM dAvAnala lagane para paGga use dekhate hue bhI gati ke abhAva meM jala maratA hai aura andhA samyak-mArga na khoja pAne ke kAraNa jala maratA (2) kucha vyakti cAritra-sampanna haiM, lekina jJAna-sampanna nahIM haiN| (3) kucha vyakti na jJAna-sampanna haiM, na cAritra sampanna haiN| (4) kucha vyakti jJAna-sampanna bhI haiM aura cAritra-sampanna bhI haiN| mahAvIra ne inameM se saccA sAdhaka use hI kahA hai, jo jJAna aura kriyA, zruta aura zIla donoM se sampanna hai| isI ko spaSTa karane ke lie nimna rUpaka bhI diyA jAtA hai| (1) kucha mudrAe~ aisI hotI haiM jinameM dhAtu bhI khoTI hotI hai, mudrAMkana bhI ThIka nahIM hotaa| (2) kucha mudrAe~ aisI hotI haiM jinameM dhAtu to zuddha hotI haiM, lekina mudrAMkana ThIka nahIM hotaa| (3) kucha mudrAe~ aisI hotI haiM jinameM dhAtu azuddha hotI haiM, lekina mudrAMkana ThIka hotA hai| (4) kucha mudrAe~ aisI hotI haiM jinameM dhAtu bhI zuddha hai aura mudrAMkana bhI ThIka hotA hai| bAjAra meM vahI mudrA grAhya hotI hai jisameM dhAtu bhI zuddha hotI hai aura mudrAMkana bhI ThIka hotA hai| isI prakAra saccA sAdhaka vahI hotA hai jo jJAna-sampatra bhI ho aura cAritra-sampanna bhI ho| isa prakAra jaina vicAraNA yaha batAtI hai ki jJAna aura kriyA donoM hI naitika sAdhanA ke lie Avazyaka haiN| jJAna aura cAritra donoM kI samaveta sAdhanA se hI duHkha kA kSaya hotA hai| kriyAzUnya jJAna aura jJAnazUnya kriyA donoM hI ekAnta haiM aura ekAnta hone ke kAraNa jaina darzana kI anekAntavAdI vicAraNA ke anukUla nahIM haiN| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra jaina paramparA meM sAdhana-traya ke samaveta meM hI mokSa kI niSpatti mAnI gaI hai, jabaki vaidika paramparA meM jJAnaniSThA, karmaniSThA aura bhaktimArga ye tInoM hI alaga-agala mokSa ke sAdhana mAne jAte rahe haiM aura ina AdhAroM para vaidika paramparA meM svatantra sampradAyoM kA udaya
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________________ 414 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 bhI haA hai| vaidika paramparA meM prArambha se hI karmamArga aura jJAnamArga kevala jAnanA cAhatA hai, varan vaha satya ko hI jAnanA cAhatA hai| kI dhArAe~ alaga-alaga rUpa meM pravAhita hotI rahI haiN| bhAgavata sampradAya jJAnAtmaka cetanA nirantara satya kI khoja meM rahatI hai| ata: jisa vidhi ke udaya ke sAtha bhaktimArga eka naI niSThA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita huaa| se hamArI jJAnAtmaka cetanA satya ko upalabdha kara sake use hI samyagjJAna isa prakAra vedoM kA karmamArga, upaniSadoM kA jJAnamArga aura bhAgavata kahA gayA hai| samyagjJAna cetanA ke jJAnAtmaka pakSa ko satya kI upalabdhi sampradAya kA bhaktimArga tathA inake sAtha-sAtha hI yoga sampradAya kA kI dizA meM le jAtA hai| cetanA kA dUsarA pakSa anubhUti ke rUpa meM dhyAnamArga sabhI eka-dUsare se svatantra rUpa meM mokSa-mArga samajhe jAte Ananda kI khoja karatA hai| samyagdarzana cetanA meM rAga-dveSAtmaka jo rahe haiN| sambhavata: gItA eka aisI racanA avazya hai jo ina sabhI sAdhanA tanAva haiM, unheM samApta kara use Ananda pradAna karatA hai| cetanA kA vidhiyoM ko svIkAra karatI hai| yadyapi gItAkAra ne ina vibhinna dhArAoM tIsarA saGkalpAtmaka pakSa zakti kI upalabdhi aura kalyANa kI kriyAnviti ko sameTane kA prayatna to kiyA, lekina vaha unako samanvita nahIM cAhatA hai| samyagcAritra saMkalpa ko kalyANa ke mArga meM niyojita kara kara paayaa| yahI kAraNa thA ki paravartI TIkAkAroM ne apane pUrva saMskAroM ziva kI upalabdhi karAtA hai| isa prakAra samyagjJAna, darzana aura cAritra ke kAraNa gItA ko inameM se kisI eka sAdhanA-mArga kA pratipAdana kA yaha trividha sAdhanA-patha cetanA ke tInoM pakSoM ko sahI dizA meM batAne kA prayAsa kiyA aura gItA meM nirdezita sAdhanA ke dUsare mArgoM nirdezita kara unake vAMchita lakSya sat, sundara aura ziva athavA ananta ko gauNa btaayaa| zaGkara ne jJAna ko, rAmAnuja ne bhakti ko, tilaka jJAna, ananta Ananda aura ananta zakti kI upalabdhi karAtA hai| vastuta: ne karma ko gItA kA pramukha pratipAdya viSaya maanaa| jIvana ke sAdhya ko upalabdha karA denA hI isa trividha sAdhanA-patha lekina jaina vicArakoM ne isa trividha sAdhanA-patha ko samaveta kA kArya hai| jIvana kA sAdhya ananta evaM pUrNa jJAna, akSaya Ananda rUpa meM hI mokSa kA kAraNa mAnA aura yaha batAyA ki ye tInoM eka-dUsare aura ananta zakti kI upalabdhi hai, jise trividha sAdhanA-patha ke tInoM se alaga hokara nahIM, varan samaveta rUpa meM hI mokSa ko prApta karA aGgoM ke dvArA prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| cetanA ke jJAnAtmaka pakSa sakate haiN| usane tInoM ko samAna mAnA aura unameM se kisI ko bhI ko samyagjJAna kI dizA meM niyojita kara jJAna kI pUrNatA ko, cetanA eka ke adhIna banAne kA prayAsa nahIM kiyaa| hameM isa bhrAMti se bacanA ke bhAvAtmaka pakSa ko samyagdarzana meM niyojita kara akSaya Ananda kI hogA ki zraddhA, jJAna aura AcaraNa ye svatantra rUpa meM naitika pUrNatA aura cetanA ke saGkalpAtmaka pakSa ko samyakacAritra meM niyojita kara ke mArga ho sakate haiN| mAnavIya vyaktitva aura naitika sAdhya eka pUrNatA ananta zakti kI upalabdhi kI jA sakatI hai| vastuta: jaina AcAra hai aura use samaveta rUpa meM hI pAyA jA sakatA hai| darzana meM sAdhya, sAdhaka aura sAdhanA-patha tInoM meM abheda mAnA gayA bauddha paramparA aura jaina paramparA donoM hI ekAGgI dRSTikoNa nahIM hai| jJAna, anubhUti aura saGkalpamaya cetanA sAdhaka hai aura yahI cetanA rakhate haiN| bauddha paramparA meM zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA athavA prajJA, zraddhA ke tInoM pakSa samyak dizA meM niyojita hone para sAdhanA-patha kahalAte aura vIrya ko samaveta rUpa meM hI nirvANa kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| haiM aura ina tInoM pakSoM kI pUrNatA hI sAdhya hai| sAdhaka, sAdhya aura isa prakAra bauddha aura jaina paramparAe~ na kevala apane sAdhanA-mArga ke sAdhanA-patha bhinna-bhinna nahIM, varana cetanA kI vibhinna avasthAe~ haiN| pratipAdana meM, varan sAdhana-traya ke balAbala ke viSaya meM bhI samAna unameM abheda mAnA gayA hai| AcArya kundakunda ne samayasAra meM aura dRSTikoNa rakhatI haiN| AcArya hemacandra ne yogazAstra meM isa abheda ko atyanta mArmika zabdoM vastuta: naitika sAdhya kA svarUpa aura mAnavI prakRti, donoM hI meM spaSTa kiyA hai| AcArya kundakunda samayasAra meM kahate haiM ki yaha yaha batAte haiM ki trividha sAdhanA-mArga apane samaveta rUpa meM hI naitika AtmA hI jJAna, darzana aura cAritra hai|32 AcArya hemacandra isI abheda pUrNatA kI prApti karA sakatA hai| yahA~ isa trividha sAdhanA-patha kA ko spaSTa karate hue yogazAstra meM kahate haiM ki AtmA hI samyagdarzana, mAnavIya prakRti aura naitika sAdhya se kyA sambandha hai, ise spaSTa kara samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritra hai, kyoMki AtmA isI rUpa meM zarIra meM lenA upayukta hogA? sthita hai|32 AcArya ne yaha kahakara ki AtmA jJAna, darzana aura cAritra ke rUpa meM zarIra meM sthita hai, mAnavIya manovaijJAnika prakRti ko hI mAnavIya prakRti aura trividha sAdhanA-patha spaSTa kiyA hai| jJAna, cetanA aura saGkalpa tInoM samyak hokara sAdhanA-patha mAnavIya cetanA ke tIna kArya haiM- (1) jAnanA, (2) anubhava kA nirmANa kara dete haiM aura yahI pUrNa hokara sAdhya bana jAte haiN| isa karanA aura (3) saMkalpa krnaa| hamArI cetanA kA jJAnAtmaka pakSa na prakAra jaina AcAra-darzana meM sAdhaka, sAdhanA-patha aura sAdhya meM abheda haiN| sandarbha : 1. tattvArthasUtra, saMpA0 paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, prakA0 pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1/1 / / uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saMpA0 ratanalAla dozI, zramaNopAsaka jaina pustakAlaya sailAnA, vIra saM0 2478, 28/2 / 3. sAikolaoNjI eNDa maoNralsa, je0e0 haiDaphIlDa, 1936,pR0 180 / 4. uttarAdhyanasUtra, saMpA0 ratanalAla dozI, prakA0 zramaNopAsaka jaina pustakAlaya, sailAnA, vIra saM0 2478, 28/30 / 5. vahI, 28/30 / tattvArthasUtra, saMpA0 paM0 sukhalAla saMghavI, prakA0 pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1/1 / 7. darzanapAhuDa, (aSTaprAbhRta), AcArya kundakunda, prakA0 paramazruta
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________________ 415 jaina dharma kA trividha sAdhanA-mArga / prabhAvaka maNDala, agAsa, 1969, 2 / dariyAgaMja, dehalI, 1959, 155 / 8. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saMpA0 ratanalAla dozI, prakA0 zramaNopAsaka jaina 22. je AyA se vinnAyA, je vinnAyA se aayaa| pustakAlaya, sailAnA, vIra saM0 2478, 28/2 / jeNa viyANai se AyA, taM paDucca pddhisNkhaae| navatattvaprakaraNa, uddhRta Atma-sAdhanA saMgraha, motIlAla mANDota, - AcArAGga, saMpA0 madhukara muni, prakA0 zrI Agama prakAzana pR0 151 / samiti, byAvara, 1980, 1/5/5 / 10. uddhRta, AtmasAdhanA saMgraha, pR0 151 / 23. pravacanasAra, kundakundAcArya, prakA0 paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, 11. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saMpA0 ratanalAla dozI, prakA0 zramaNopAsaka jaina bambaI, 1935, cAritrAdhikAra, 3 / pustakAlaya, sailAnA, vIra0saM0 2478, 23/25 / 24. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saMpA0 ratanalAla dozI, prakA0 zramaNopAsaka jaina 12. vahI, 28/35 / pustakAlaya, sailAnA, vIra saM0, 2478, 6/9-10 / 13. vahI, 28/29 / 25. sUtrakRtAGgasUtra, saMpA0 zrI madhukara muni, prakA0 zrI Agama prakAzana 14. bhaktaparijJA, paiNNayasuttAiM, saMpA0 puNyavijayamuni, prakA0 zrI samiti, byAvara, 1982, 2/1/7 / mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, bambaI, 1984, 65-66 / 26. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saMpA0 ratanalAla dozI, prakA0 zramaNopAsaka jaina 15. AcArAGganiyukti, bhadrabAhu, prakA0- zrI harSapuSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA, pustakAlaya, sailAnA, vIra saM0 2478, 6/11 / zAMtipurI (saurASTra), 1989, ratalAma, 1941, 221 / 27. Avazyakaniyukti (haribhadrIya vRtti) prakA0 bI0ke0 koThArI, 16. dazavekAlikasUtra, saMpA0 madhukara muni, prakA0 zrI Agama prakAzana rilIjiyasa TrasTa, bambaI, 1981, 95-97 / samiti, byAvara, 1985, 4/12 / 28. vahI, 1151-54 / 17. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, saMpA0 ratanalAla dozI, prakA0 zramaNopAsaka jaina 29. vahI, 100 / pustakAlaya, sailAnA, 2478, 28/30 / 30. vahI, 101-102 / 18. vyavahArabhASya, prakA0 kezavalAla premacandra, ahamadAbAda, 7/217 / 31. vyAkhyAprajJaptisUtra, saMpA0 madhukara muni, prakA0 zrI Agama prakAzana 19. samayasAra TIkA, amRtacandra, prakA0 ahiMsA prakAzana mandira, samiti, byAvara, 1982, 8/10/41 / dariyAMgaja, dehalI, 1959, 153 / 32. samayasAra, kundakunda, ahiMsA prakAzana mandira, dariyAgaMja, dehalI, 20. gItA (zAM0) gItA presa, gorakhapura, vi0saM0 2018, a0 5 1959, 277 / piitthikaa| 33. yogazAstra, saMpA0 muni samadarzI, prakA0 sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA, 21. samayasAra TIkA, amRtacandra, prakA0 ahiMsA prakAzana mandira, 1963, 4/1 /