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________________ jaina dharmakA prasAra ke0 riSabhacandra eka samaya aisI mAnyatA rahI ki jaina dharma bauddha dharmakI hI eka zAkhA hai| DaoN0 yAkobIne isa bhrAnta dhAraNAko nirmUla kiyaa| tatpazcAt yaha kahA jAne lagA ki jaina dharma hindU dharma(brAhmaNa dharma)meM se hI utpanna huA hai, vaidika hiMsAke virodhameM jo Andolana AraMbha huA thA usane eka naye dharmake rUpa meM jaina dharmakA svarUpa pAyA, paraMtu jaise jaise anveSaNa agrasara hotA jA rahA hai vaise vaise yaha AkSepa bhI asatya siddha hotA jA rahA hai| Adhunika vidvAn aba yaha abhiprAya banAte jA rahe haiM ki jaina dharmakI paramparA bahuta prAcIna hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra aura pArzvake pUrvakAlameM bhI isa dharmakI paraMparA vidyamAna thI, itanA hI nahIM apitu prAgaitihAsika kAlameM bhI isa dharmakI paraMparAke dhuMdhale cihna dRSTigocara hone lage haiN| jainake alAvA isa dharma ke dUsare nAma Arhata aura nigraMtha rahe haiN| mahAvIrake samaya meM isakA nAma nigraMtha dharma thA jaisA ki pAli aura ardhamAgadhI sAhityase patA calatA hai| isakA eka anya nAma zramaNa bhI rahA hai, hAlA ki zramaNa zabda bahuta vistRta rahA hai aura usameM kaI saMpradAyoMkA samAveza hotA rahA hai : jaise bauddha, AjIvika tathA kucha sImA taka pUrvakAlIna sAMkhya aura zaiva bhii| isI zramaNa paraMparAmeM nigraMthoMkA bhI eka saMpradAya thaa| pArzvanAthake pahale isa saMpradAyakA kyA nAma rahA, yaha jAnane ke lie koI viziSTa sAdhana upalabdha nahIM haiN| yaha sunizcita hai ki zramaNaparaMparA nivRttipradhAna rahI hai aura use muniparaMparA bhI kahA gayA hai| eka pravRtti-pradhAna paraMparA bhI bhAratameM vidyamAna rahI hai, usakA nAma hai vaidika, yajJamukhI, deva, RSi athavA varNAzrama dharma prNpraa| vAstavameM ye donoM paraMparAe~ Rgveda kAlase pracalita haiN| Rgveda hamArA prAcInatama sAhitya hai jisameM hameM nivRtti aura pravRtti donoM mArgoM ke darzana hote haiN| usa samaya muniparaMparA bhI yatheSTa pramANameM lokapriya thii| maharSi pataJjaline pANi nike eka sUtrakI vyAkhyA karate hue batalAyA hai ki zramaNoM aura brAhmaNoMkA virodha zAzvata kAlase calA A rahA hai|' 1 mahAbhASya 2.4.9.
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________________ jaina dharmakA prasAra : 9 purANoM aura mahAbhAratameM aisA ullekha hai ki sRSTi nirmANa karate samaya brahmAne prathama sanaka Adi putroMko utpanna kiyA thaa| ve vanameM cale gaye aura nivRttimArgI ho gye| taduparAMta brahmAne anya putroMko utpanna kiyA, jinhoMne pravRttipradhAna rahakara prajA kI santatiko Age bddh'aayaa| kahanekA tAtparya yaha ki nivRttipradhAna paraMparA atyaMta prAcIna hai| prAcIna kAla apane prAcIna itihAsa saMbaMdhI jaina AgamoM aura purANoMke varNanAnusAra jambUdvIpa ke dakSiNameM sthita bhArata dezameM, jisake uttarameM himavAn parvata hai, pahale bhogabhUmikI vyavasthA thii| kAlavyatikramase usameM parivartana zurU huA aura Adhunika sabhyatAkA prAraMbha / usa samaya caudaha kulakara hue, jinhoMne kramazaH kAnUnakI vyavasthA kI aura samAjakA vikAsa kiyaa| una caudaha kulakaroMmeM antima kulakara nAbhi the| unakI patnI marudevI thI aura unase prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhakA janma huA, jinhoMne sarvaprathama kRSi, zilpa, vANijya Adi chaha sAdhanoMkI vyavasthA kI tathA dharmakA upadeza diyaa| ye hI jainoM ke Adi dharmopadezaka mAne jAte haiN| inakA jyeSTha putra bharata thA jo prathama cakravartI huaa| isa taraha caudaha kulakaroM ke pazcAt tresaTha zalAkA puruSa hue jinameM 24 tIrthakara, 12 cakravartI, 9 baladeva, 9 vAsudeva tathA 9 prati vAsudeva haiN| prathama cakravartI bharatase hI isa dezakA nAma bhAratavarSa huA aisA jaina purANoM va AgamoMmeM kahA gayA hai| hindU purANoM ke anusAra bhI inhIM nAbhike pautra tathA RSabha ke putra cakravartI bharatake nAmase ajanAbha khaNDakA nAma bharatakhaNDa huaa| isa prakAra jaina anuzrutikA hiMdU(brAhANa) purANoM ke dvArA samarthana hotA hai aura usakI aitihAsikatA sUcita hotI hai| . RSabhadevakA janma ayodhyAmeM huA thaa| dIkSAke bAda ve kaThora tapasvI bneN| ve nagna rahate aura sirapara jaTAe~ dhAraNa karate the| jaina kalAmeM ghora tapasvI ke rUpameM tathA sirapara jaTAla kezoMke sAtha unakA aMkana huA hai| unake jIvana saMbaMdhI varNana ajaina sAhityameM bhI prApta haiN| hiMdU purANoM meMre (bhAgavata ityAdi) unake vaMza, mAtA-pitA aura tapazcaryAkA jo varNana hai vaha jaina varNanase kAphI sAmya rakhatA hai| ve svayaMbhU manuse pAMcavIM pIr3hI meM hue the| (isa varNanake anusAra anya avatAroM jaise rAma, kRSNa ityAdise inakA samaya prAcIna ThaharatA hai tathA mahAbhArata ke anusAra bhI prajApati ke prathama putra nivRttimArgI hue aura tatpazcAt pravRtti mArgakA pracalana haa|) ce kaThora tapasvI the aura nama rahate the| unhoMne dakSiNa dezameM bhI bhramaNa kiyA thaa| ve vAtarazanA zramaNa RSiyoM ke dharmako prakaTa karane ke lie avatarita hue the| unheM viSNu aura zivadonoMkA avatAra mAnA gayA hai| vAtarazanA zramaNa muniyoMkI isa paraMparA ke darzana bhArata ke prAcInatama sAhitya RgvedameM bhI hote haiN| isa vedake dasaveM maMDalameM vAtarazanA muniyoMkA varNana upalabdha hai aura usake sAtha unake pradhAna muni kezIkI bhI stuti kI gayI hai| kezIkA tAtparya kezadhArI vyaktise hai aura jaina paraMparAmeM sirpha RSabhakI mUrti jAla kezoMko dhAraNa kiye hue milatI hai| isa saMbaMdha mevAr3a ke kesariyAnAtha jo RSabhakA hI nAmAMtara hai, dhyAna dene yogya 1 zAntiparva 340 *72-73, 99-100, bhAgavata purANa 3.12 / bhAgavata purANa 5. 3. 5. 6., ziva mahApurANa 7. 2 / Rgveda 10. 136 / 2 3
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________________ 10 : zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNamahotsava grantha hai| RgvedameM eka sthalapara kezI aura vRSabhakA ekasAtha varNana bhI milatA hai aura unake ekatvakA samarthana hotA hai| jaina tIrthaMkara nama rahate the yaha suvidita hai| RgvedameM' tathA atharvavedameM bhI ziznadevoMke ullekha milate haiN| paTanAke lohAnIpura sthalase kAyotsarga mudrAmeM jo nagamUrti pAyI gayI hai vaha bhAratakI sabase purAnI mUrti hai aura vaha jaina tIrthakarakI mUrti mAnI gayI hai| vaise sindhu sabhyatAke jo bhagnAvazeSa prApta hue haiM unameM bhI eka nagnamUrti kAyotsarga mudrAmeM milI hai aura usake sAtha bailakA citra bhii| jaina paraMparAmeM bhI RSabhake sAtha bailakA cihna aMkita kiyA jAtA hai| isa kAraNa usa mUrtiko eka tIrthakarakI mUrti mAnane ke liye vidvAna loga prerita hue haiN| uparyukta AdhAroMse yaha mAnanA aprAmANika nahIM hogA ki Rgvedase bhI pahale sindhusabhyatAke kAlameM jaina dharmakA kisI na kisI rUpa meM astitva thaa| RgvedameM vrAtyoM ke ullekha Ate haiN| ve zramaNa paraMparAse saMbaMdhita the| unakA varNana atharvavedameM bhI hai| ve vaidika vidhike pratikula AcaraNa karate the| manusmRti meM licchaviyoM, nAtha, malla Adi kSatriyoMko vrAtya mAnA gayA hai| ye bhI sabhI zramaNa paraMparAke hI pratinidhi the| vrAtyoM ke alAvA vaidika sAhityameM yatiyoMke ullekha bhI Ate haiN| ve bhI zramaNa paraMparAke sAdhu the| jainoMmeM yati nAmakI saMjJA pracalita rahI hai| kucha kAlake pazcAt vaidika sAhityameM yatiyoM ke prati virodha hotA dIkha par3atA hai jo pahale nahIM thaa| tANDya brAhmaNake TIkAkArane yatiyoMkA jo varNana kiyA hai usase spaSTa hai ki ve zramaNaparaMparAke muni the| isa prakAra vadika sAhityake vividha graMthAma zramaNaparaMparA ke asaMdigdha ullekha bikhare par3e haiN| anya tIrthaMkaroMkI aitihAsika sattA ke pramANa upalabdha nahIM hue haiN| yajurvedameM RSabhadeva tathA dvitIya tIrthakara ajita aura teIsaveM ariSTanemike ullekha milate haiN| antima cAra tIrthaMkaroMkI sattA ke bAremeM kucha kahA jAne yogya hai| ikkIsaveM tIrthakara namikA sAmya kucha vidvAn uttarAdhyayanameM varNita namike sAtha biThAte haiM jo mithilAke rAjA the| unake anAsakti viSayaka udgAra-vAkya pAli aura saMskRta sAhityameM late haiN| usI paraMparAmeM janaka hue jo videha (jIvanmukta) the aura unakA deza bhI videha khlaayaa| unakI ahiMsAtmaka pravRtti ke kAraNa hI unakA dhanuSa pratyaMcAhIna pratIkamAtra rhaa| vaise vrAtyoMko bhI 'jyAhRd' kahA gayA hai aura usakA saMbaMdha isa prasaMgameM dhyAna dene yogya hai| bAIsaveM tIrthakara nemi aura vAsudeva kRSNa cacere bhAI the| nemi giranAra para tapasyAmeM pravRtta hue aura vahIM para mokSa prApta kiyaa| mahAbhAratakA kAla 1000 I0 pUrva mAnA jAtA hai aura vahI Annnnnnnnwwwwxnna1 Rgveda 7. 21.5 10. 99. 3 / 2 atharvaveda 20. 136. 11 / 3 Rgveda 1. 163. 8, 9. 14. 2 / 4 atharvaveda adhyAya 15 / 5 adhyAya 10 / Rgveda 8.6 1810. 72.7; taitarIya saMhitA 2.4.9.2, aitareya brAhmaNa 7. 28 / 7 tANDya brAhmaNa 14. 11. 28; 18. 1. 9 / Vide Indian Philosophy. I. Dr. S. Radhakrishnan. p. 287. uttarAdhyayana. a. 9 Voice of Ahimsa. Sept.-oct. 1958 (Dr. H. L. Jain's Article).
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________________ jaina dharmakA prasAra : 11 samaya nemikA aitihAsika kAla mAnA jAnA cAhiye / vaidika vAGmayameM vedase purANa takake sAhityameM nemike ullekha dekhaneko milate haiN| teIsaveM tIrthakara pArzvanAthakA janma banArasameM huA thaa| unhoMne sammetazikhara para dakSiNa bihAra meM mukti prApta kI thii| unakA nirvANa I0 pU0 777 meM huA thaa| unakA dharma cAturyAmake nAmase prasiddha thaa| pAli granthoM meM isake ullekha haiN| gautama buddha ke cAcA bappa zAkya nigraMtha zrAvaka the| ataH ve pArzvanAtha paraMparAke hI upAsaka the| bhagavAna mahAvIrake pitA bhI isI paraMparAke anuyAyI the| isa prakAra bauddha dharmake sthApanAke pUrva nirgrantha sampradAya kAphI sudRr3ha ho cukA thA aura vidvAna loga sarvasammatise pArzvanAthako aitihAsika puruSa mAnate haiN| unake kAlameM uttara pradeza, bihAra ityAdimeM jaina dharma supracalita thA yaha kahane kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| mahAvIra kAla caubIsaveM aura antima tIrthakara mahAvIra hue, jinakA kauTuMbika saMbaMdha mithilA ke licchavi gaNataMtra aura vaizAlIse thaa| unhoMne pUrvaparaMparAko eka adbhuta zakti pradAna kI thii| ve jJAtRvaMzake the aura vaizAlI unakA janmasthAna thaa| unakA nirvANa pAvApurImeM I0 pUrva 527meM huA thaa| unhoMne pArzvanAthake caturyAmoMko pA~ca vratoM meM bdlaa| unhoMne I0 pU0 chaThI zatI ke dvitIya aura tRtIya pAdameM sthAna sthAna para bhramaNa karake apane upadeza diye the| unake dvArA jina pUrva aura pazcimI pradezoMmeM jaina dharmakA pracAra huaa| unake nAma isa prakAra haiM : pUrvameM aMga, baMga, magadha, videha tathA kaliMga; pazcimameM kAsI, kosala aura vatsa desh| magadhake rAjA zreNika bimbisAra tathA kuNika ajAtazatrukA jaina dharmake sAtha jo saMbaMdha rahA vaha suvidita hai| vaizAlI ke gaNa-pramukha ceTaka mahAvIrake mAtRpakSase saMbaMdhita the| gaNarAjyameM unakA sthAna aura prabhAva sarvopari thaa| unakA riztA sindhu-sauvIrake rAjA udayana aura ujjainake rAjA caMDapradyota tathA kauzAmbIke rAjA zatAnIkake sAtha thaa| isa prabhAvake kAraNa una pradezoMma jaina dharmake pracArameM kAphI preraNA milI hogii| mahAvIra ke nirvANake avasara para licchavi aura mallakI rAjAoMkA vahAM para upasthita honA unake jaina dharmAnuyAyI honekA pramANa hai| mahAvIrake pazcAt ___ mahAvIra ke pazcAt bhI magadha ke samrAToM ke sAtha jaina dharmakA acchA saMbaMdha rahA hai| ajAtazatrune vaizAlI gaNarAjyako chinnabhinna kara diyaa| kAsI-kosalakA magadhameM samAvezaM ho gyaa| aise vizAla magadha sAmnAjyake nanda rAjAoM ke jaina honekA varNana AtA hai| isakI puSTi khAravela ke zilAlekhase bhI hotI hai| Adi maurya samrATa candragupta bhadrabAhu ke ziSya bane the aura unhoMne samAdhimaraNa kiyA thA aisI bhI eka paraMparA hai| azoka bhI ArambhameM jaina the aura bAdameM bauddha ho gye| saMprati eka prabhAvazAlI jaina samrAT the| unake dharmapracArake kAraNa unheM jaina azoka kahA jAtA hai| mauryakAla ke pazcAt Ageke varSoM meM bhAratameM jaina dharmakA prasAra kisa prakAra huA usakA sapramANa citra jainoM kI vibhinna vAcanAoMse sAmane AtA hai| I0 pU0 cauthI zatImeM prathama jaina vAcanA pATaliputra meM 1 bhAratIya saMskRtimeM jaina dharmakA yogadAna pR. 19 / Vide-Jainism the oldest Living Religion by J. P. Jain. p. 22. 2 aMguttara nikAya, catukanipAta (vagga. 5) /
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________________ 12 : zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNamahotsava grantha sthUlibhadra ke netRtvameM huyI thii| tatpazcAt IsAkI caturtha zatAbdImeM eka vAcanA skandilAcArya ke sabhApatitvameM mathurAmeM aura usI samama anya vAcanA nAgArjuna ke pramukhatvameM valabhImeM huyI thii| aMtima vAcanA devarddhi gaNike netRtvameM pAMcavIM-chaThI zatImeM phira valabhImeM huyI thii| eka paraMparAke anusAra bAraha varSIya durbhikSake kAraNa I. pU. cauthI zatAbdImeM bhadrabAhu bahuta bar3e munisamudAyake sAtha dakSiNa meM gaye the| ina varNanoMse spaSTa hai ki mahAvIrake pazcAt dUsarI zatIse jaina dharma kA pracAra pazcima aura sudUra dakSiNakI tarapha hone lagA thaa| sAtavIM zatIke cInI yAtrI hvenasAMgake varNanase yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki usa samaya meM vaizAlI meM nirgranthoMkI bahuta bar3I saMkhyA vidyamAna thii| digambara aura zvetAmbara sampradAyoM ke muni pazcimameM takSazilA aura digambara nirgrantha pUrvameM puNDavardhana aura samataTa (baMgAla) taka bhArI saMkhyAmeM pAye jAte the| isa prakAra usa samaya taka jaina dharma sAre uttara bhAratameM paryApta pramANameM pracalita ho gayA thaa| prAraMbhika saMghabheda mahAvIra tathA unake gaNadharoMke samayameM jaina saMghameM jo ekatA rahI vaha bAdameM vicchinna ho gyii| jaise jaise dharmakA pravAra vibhinna pradezoMmeM hotA gayA vaise vaise usameM taraha tarahake logoMkA samAveza hotA gyaa| samaya ke sAtha paristhitiyA~ bhI badalatI gyiiN| ina kAraNoMse saMghameM vibhedAtmaka pravRttiyA~ bar3hatI gayIM aura vibhinna gaNa, gaccha aura phirakoMkA prAdurbhAva hone lgaa| inameM sabase bar3A aura vikaTa bheda zvetAMbara-digaMbaroMkA huaa| zvetAMbaroM ke anusAra mahAvIrake 609 varSa pazcAt I0 sa082meM boTika arthAt digambara saMpradAyakI utpatti mAnI jAtI hai| digambaroM ke anusAra zvetAmbaroMkI utpatti I0 sa0 79meM mAnI gayI hai| donoM saMpradAyoMko mAnya yaha spaSTa bheda mahAvIra ke 600 varSa pazcAt IsAkI prathama zatAbdImeM huaa| vaise bhedake lakSaNa bahuta pUrvakAlIna pratIta hote haiN| mahAvIrake ziSya gautama aura pAcAraMparA ke zramaNa kezIkA saMvAda isI ora saMketa karatA hai, hAlAki kezIne mahAvIra ke siddhAntoMko apanA liyA thaa| isake pazcAt hameM sAta nihnavoMke saiddhAMtika bhedoM kA patA calatA hai| prathama nihnava jamAlI to mahAvIrakA samakAlIna thaa| usake pazcAt anya chaha nihnava hue jinakI kAlAvadhi mahAvIrake pazcAt 584 varSa takakI hI hai| siddhAntabheda hone ke kAraNa ve mahAvIrase alaga par3a gye| AThaveM nihnava boTikase digambara sampradAyako utpatti mAnI jAtI hai| mahAvIrake pazcAt kramazaH gautama, sudharmA aura jaMbUsvAmI donoM sampradAyoM ko samAna rUpase mAnya rahe haiN| unake pazcAt AcArya paramparAmeM bhinnatA A jAtI hai| zvetAmbaroM ke anusAra pATaliputrakI vAcanAmeM bhadrabAhu sammilita nahIM hue aura sthUlibhadrakI sahAyatAse hI vAcanA kI gyii| digaMbaroM ke anusAra akAla par3ane ke kAraNa bhadbAhu apane ziSya-samudAyake sAtha dakSiNakI tarapha cale gye| bAdameM lauTane para una logoMne dekhA ki uttarI kSetrake sAdhusamudAyameM paristhitivaza kAphI zithilatA A gayI hai| unako ye nayI pravRttiyoM svIkRta nahIM huyI aura isa prakAra sampradAyabheda prasphuTita ho gyaa| vAcanAmeM bhadrabAhakA zvetAmbaramatAnusAra zAmila nahIM honA bhI eka Apattijanaka muddA hI banA rahatA hai| isa kAraNase vAcanAmeM kucha kamI avazya hI rahI kyoMki unheM hI sirpha caudaha pUrvokA jJAna thaa| isa tarahase hama dekhate haiM ki samaya samaya para bhedAtmaka pravRttiyA~ sAmane AtI rahI haiM, paraMtu spaSTa bheda to I0 sa0 kI pahalI zatAbdImeM hI huA aisA donoM sampradAyoM kI mAnyatA se prakaTa hai aaaaaaan 1 zvetAmbaroM kI mAnyatA hai ki ve dhyAnArtha nepAla gaye the|
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________________ jaina dharmakA prasAra : 13 zrutakI paraMparA maukhika rUpase A rahI thii| do-tIna vAcanAoM ke dvArA use samaya samaya para naSTa honese . bacAyA gyaa| antima vAcanA devaddhi gaNike sabhApatitvameM chaThI zatImeM valabhImeM huyii| usa samaya zrutako likhita rUpa diyA gyaa| isa likhita rUpase zvetAmbaroM aura digambaroMkI bhedabhAvanAko aura bhI zakti milii| isa prakAra uttarottara kAlameM yaha bheda prabala banatA hI gayA aura isake pala-svarUpa guruparaMparA bhI bhinna bhinna ho gayI tathA donoMkA sAhitya bhI alaga alg| zvetAmbara-digambara ke alAvA yApanIya nAmaka eka anya sampradAya bhI pracalita huA jo dakSiNa meM hI pnpaa| kahA jAtA hai ki dUsarI zatI meM eka zvetAmbara muni zrIkalazane kalyANa nagarameM yApanIya saMghakI sthApanA kii| yApanIyoMkA ullekha bAdakI kaI zatiyoM taka sAhitya aura lekhoMmeM hotA rahA hai| yaha saMgha zvetAmbara-digambarakA samanvaya rUpa thaa| isakA mukhya aDDA karnATakameM banA rhaa| pAMcavIM-chaThI zatI meM vaha vahAM para sudRDhatAse jama gayA thaa| digambara sampradAyakA vividha saMghoMmeM vibhAjana isa prakAra huA hai| unakA purAne meM purAnA mUla saMgha hai jisakI sthApanA dUsarI zatAbdImeM huyI thii| puSpadaMta aura bhUtabali ke gurU AcArya arhadbaline mUla saMghakI cAra zAkhAe~ sthApita kI thii| ve thI sena, naMdI, deva aura siNh| pAMcavIM zatImeM madurA (dakSiNa) meM vajanaM dine drAviDa saMghakI sthApanA kI thii| kumArasena munine sAtavIM zatIke antameM naMdItaTa grAmameM kASThA saMghako sthApita kiyaa| madurA(uttara)meM mAthura saMghakI sthApanA navIM zatIke anta meM rAmasena munine kI thii| bhillaka saMghakA ullekha bhI AtA hai| vindhyaparvatake puSkala nAmaka sthAnapara vIracandra munine dazavIM zatI ke prAraMbhameM isa saMghakI sthApanA kI thii| isase bhIloM dvArA jaina dharmako apanAnekA pramANa milatA hai| zvetAmbaroMmeM bhI kaI gacchoMkI utpatti huyii| gagadhara gautamake pazcAt paTTa-paramparA gaNadhara sudharmAne saMbhAlI thii| unakI paraMparAmeM chaThe AcArya yazobhadra hue| unake do ziSya the saMbhUtivijaya aura bhadrabAhu, jinase do bhinna ziSyaparaMparAe~ cliiN| saMbhUtivijayakI paraMparAmeM nAila, pomila, jayanta aura tApasa zAkhAe~ cala par3I tathA bhadrabAhukI paraMparAmeM tAmraliptikA, koTivarSikA, pauNDravardhanikA aura daasiikhbddikaa| sAtaveM AcArya ke ziSyoMkI paraMparAmeM terAsiya zAkhA tathA uttara balissahagaNa, uddehagaNa, cAraNagaNa, uDuvADiyagaNa, vesavADiyagaNa, mANavagaNa aura koTikagaNa sthApita hue aura unakA kaI zAkhAoM aura kuloMmeM vibhAjana huaa| . Ageke varSoM meM gacchoMkI sthApanA hone lgii| unameM se mukhya mukhya isa prakAra haiM : AThavIM zatAbdImeM udyotanasUrine vRhadgacchakI sthApanA kii| kharataragacchakA udbhava gyArahavIM sadI meM huaa|. bArahavIM zatImeM aMcalagacchakA prAdurbhAva huA aura isI zatImeM Agamika gacchakI sthApanA kI gyii| tapAgaccha 13 vIM zatI meM sthApita huA thaa| uttarakAlIna saMghabheda zvetAmbara-digambara bhedake kAraNa muniyoMke AcAra para kAphI prabhAva par3A tathA usameM bhedabhAva bddh'aa| bAdameM anya sampradAya, gaNa yA gaccha utpanna hue unameM itanA AcAra saMbaMdhI koI bhedabhAva nahIM hone paayaa| zvetAmbaroMmeM vastrakI mAtrA bar3hane lgii| pahale donoM sampradAyoMmeM tIrthaMkaroMkI nagna samAna rUpase pracalita thIM, paraMtu sAtavIM-AThavIM zatIse zvetAmbara mUrtiyoMmeM kopInakA cihna banAyA jAne lagA tathA mUrtiyoMko vastra va alaMkAroMse sajAnekI pravRtti bhI bar3ha gyii| isa kAraNa ina donoM ke mandira bhI alaga alaga ho gye| donoM sampradAyoMmeM eka aura pravRttine janma liyaa| sAmAnyataH varSARtu meM
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________________ 14 : zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNamahotsava grantha hI muniloga eka sthala para Thaharate the, paraMtu pAMcavIM chaThIM zatI se sthAyI rUpase kucha muni caityAlayoM meM Thaharane lge| isa kAraNa ve caityavAsI kahalAye aura bhramaNazIla muni vanavAsI / caityavAsiyoM meM AcArazithilatA A gayI aura dhIre dhIre maMdiroMmeM maThoM tathA zrIpUjyoM aura bhaTTArakoMkI gaddiyA~ sthApita huyI aura parigrahakI bhAvanAne jora pkdd'aa| eka sthAna para ThaharanekA kAraNa thA paThana-pAThana va sAhityaracanA meM suvidhA prApta karanA / isase eka lAbha avazya huA, aneka zAstrabhaMDAra sthApita hue| ye zAstra-bhaMDAra sAre bhArata meM phaile hue haiM, khAsa taura se gujarAta, rAjasthAna tathA maisUra meM / 15 vIM zatI meM mUrtipUjAvirodhI Andolana zurU huA aura zvetAmbaroMmeM alaga sampradAyoMkI sthApanA huyI / zvetAmbaroM meM loMkAzAhane isa matakI sthApanA kI aura vaha Age jAkara DhUMDhiyA aura sthAnakavAsI saMpradAya kahalAyA / isameM maMdiroMke bajAya sthAnaka aura AgamoMkI vizeSa pratiSThA hai| unako 32 Agama mAnya haiM tathA anya AgamoMko ve svIkAra nahIM karate 18vIM zatI meM AcArya bhikSune sthAnakavAsI sampradAyase alaga ho kara terApaMthI sampradAyakI sthApanA kI / / digambaroM meM tAraNa svAmIne tAraNa paMthakI sthApanA 16vIM zatI meM kI, jo mUrtipUjA kA niSedha karatA hai / anya sampradAyoMmeM 17vIM zatI meM terA paMtha aura 18vIM zatI meM gumAna paMthakI sthApanA huyI / unameM * bIsa paMtha aura toTA paMtha bhI pracalita hai| uttara bhArata meM jaina dharma jaina dharmakI mahAvIrake kAla taka prAcIna samaya meM kyA sthiti rahI tathA Age kisa prakAra ke saMbheda huye unakA varNana karaneke pazcAt aba bhArata ke vibhinna pradezoM meM jaina dharmakA AgAmI zatiyoM meM kisa prakAra prasAra huA usakA varNana kiyA jAyagA / bihAra bihAra ke sAtha jaina dharmakA sambandha itihAsAtIta kAlase rahA hai| kaI tIrthakaroMne usI pradeza meM janma liyA tathA bIsa tIrthaMkaroMkA nirvANa sammetazikhara para huaa| mahAvIra ke sthala sthala para vihAra karane ke kAraNa isa pradezakA nAma hI vihAra ( bihAra ) ho gyaa| vahA~se ur3IsA meM jAnekA rAstA mAnabhUma aura siMhabhUma se thA / ina do pradezoMkI sarAka jAti jaina dharmako avicchinna paraMparAkI dyotaka hai| mAnabhUma ke 'pacchima brAhmaNa' apaneko mahAvIra ke vaMzaja mAnate haiN| ve apaneko prAcInatama AryoMke vaMzaja mAnate haiM, jinhoMne ati prAcIna kAlameM isa bhUmi para paira rakhA thaa| ve vaidika AryoM ke pUrva isa tarapha Aye the| mAnabhUma aura siMhabhUma jiloMmeM jainAvazeSa kAphI saMkhyA meM prAcIna kAlase gyArahavIM zatI taka milate hai / samrATa khAravela ke kAlameM magadha meM phirase jaina dharmane jora pakar3A thaa| vaha gayA ke pAsa barAbara pahAr3I taka AyA thaa| zahAbAda meM sAtavIM se navIM zatAbdI taka ke purAtattva milate haiN| rASTrakUToM aura candeloMne bhI choTA nAgapura meM rAjya karate samaya jainoMke prati sahAnubhUti rakhI thI / gyArahavIM zatI meM rAjendra colane baMgAla se lauTate samaya mAnabhUmake jaina maMdiroMko dhvasta kiyA thaa| baMgAla mahAvIrane svayaM lADha ( rAdha - pazcimI baMgAla ) meM bhramaNa kiyA thA aura vahAM para logoMne unako kAphI satAyA thaa| pahale yaha anArya pradeza mAnA jAtA thA / paraMtu mahAvIrake prabhAvameM Aneke pazcAt ise bhI Arya deza mAnA jAne lgaa| prathama bhadrabAhukA janma koTivarSa (uttarI baMgAla) meM hI huA thA /
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________________ jaina dharmakA prasAra : 15 bhadrabAhu ke cAra ziSyoMne jina cAra zAkhAoMkI sthApanA kI unake nAma baMgAlake sthAnIya nAmoM parase hI diye gaye haiM, jaise koTivarSikA, tAmraliptikA, pauNDavardhanikA aura daasiikhbddikaa| tatpazcAt guptakAlIna pAMcavIM zatIkA pUrvIbaMgAlameM pahAr3apurase eka tAmralekha milA hai jisameM jinamUrtikI pratiSThAkA ullekha hai| sAtavIM zatIke cInI yAtrI hvenasAMgane likhA hai ki baMgAla ke vibhinna bhAgoMmeM nirgrantha kAphI saMkhyAmeM vidyamAna the| pAlavaMzake rAjyakAlakI navIM aura dazavIM zatAbdiyoM ke AsapAsakI pracura mAtrAmeM jaina mUrtiyAM khudAI meM nikalI haiM jinase itanA to spaSTa hai ki usa kAlameM bhI jaina bastI vahA~ para kAphI mAtrAmeM vidyamAna thii| pAla rAjA svayaM bauddha dharmI the parantu anya dharmoM ke prati sahanazIlatA rakhate the| unake bAda senoM ke samayase jaina dharmakA vahA~ para hAsa hotA gyaa| ve kaTTara brAhmaNavAdI the| pichale karIba tIna sau varSoMse baMgAla meM jaina loga basane lage haiM paraMtu mUla baMgAlI jainoMkI koI avicchinna dhArA nahIM dikhtii|| ujjaina aura mathurA ujjaina ke rAjA aura gaNAdhipati ceTakake bIca mahAvIra ke kAlameM hI sambandha ho gayA thaa| usake pazcAta jaina dharmakI vahAM para kyA sthiti rahI spaSTataH nahIM kahA jA sakatA, paraMtu I0 pU0 kI prathama zatAbdI meM vahAM para jaina loga vidyamAna the yaha hameM gardabhilla aura kAlakAcArya ke kathAnakase spaSTa mAlUma hotA hai| guptakAlIna eka lekha ke anusAra udayagiri(vidizA-mAlavA)me pArzvanAthakI pratiSThA karAyI gayI thii| mathurAmeM prApta jaina purAtattva sAmagrIse yaha patA calatA hai ki I0 pU0 dvitIya zatAbdIse I0 sa0 10vIM zatAbdI taka yaha pradeza jaina dharmakA mahattvapUrNa kendra banA huA thaa| yahA~ ke lekhoMmeM kuSANa rAjAoM ke ullekha haiN| gupta rAjya-kAlake lekha bhI prApta hue haiN| hariguptAcArya to guptavaMzake hI puruSa the jo toramANa (chaThI zatI)ke guru the| mathurAmeM prApta prAcIna jaina stUpa koI koI vidvAn mahAvIrase bhI pUrvakA batalAte haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki isakI sthApanA supArzvanAthakI smRtimeM kI gayI thI aura pArzvanAthake samayameM isakA uddhAra kiyA gayA thaa| mathurAke paMcastUpoMkA ullekha jaina sAhitya meM AtA hai| yahIMse paMcastUpAnvaya bhI prAraMbha huA ho to asaMbhava nhiiN| gujarAta mathurAke sAtha valabhImeM cauthI zatI ke prathama pAdameM nAgArjunIya vAcanA tathA gujarAtake giranAra parvatake sAtha dharasenAcArya aura puSpadanta tathA bhUta bali(SaTakhaMDAgamake racanAkAra)ke saMbandhase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki isa pradezake sAtha jaina dharmakA saMbaMdha IsAkI prathama zatAbdiyoMse hai| isase pUrva bhI jaina dharmakA isa pradezake sAtha saMbaMdha rahA hai| bhagavAna neminAthakI caryA aura mukti saurASTra ke sthaloMse hI jur3I huyI hai| valabhIkI dvitIya tathA antima vAcanAse suspaSTa hai ki pA~cavIM-chaThI zatI meM jaina dharma isa pradezameM kAphI sudRr3ha ho gayA thaa| sAtavIM zatIke do gUrjara narezoMkA isa dharmase anurAga thA aisA unake dAnapatroM se siddha hotA hai| vanarAja cAvaDA-rAjavaMza ke saMsthApaka the| unase jaina dharmako yahA~ para protsAhana milaa| mUlarAjakA banAyA huA aNahilavAr3akA jaina maMdira Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| rAjA toramANake guru hariguptAcAryake praziSya zivacandra ke aneka ziSyoMne gujarAtameM jaina dharmakA pracAra kiyA tathA aneka jaina mandira bnvaaye| solaMkI rAjA bhImake maMtrI vimalazAhane 11vIM zatImeM AbU para jo maMdira banavAyA vaha apanI kalAke lie jagatprasiddha hai| unhoMne hI candrAvatI nagarI basAyI thii| isase rAjA bhIma kI jaina dharmake
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________________ * 16 : zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNamahotsava grantha prati kitanI sahAnubhUti rahI hogI yaha prakaTa hotA hai| siddharAja aura kumArapAlake samaya meM to jaina dharmakA yahAM para suvarNayuga rhaa| usI samaya hemacandrAcArya ke kAraNa jaina dharmakI jo sevA huyI usakA prabhAva sadA ke lie raha gayA aura gujarAta jaina dharmakA eka balazAlI aura samRddha kendra bana gayA / 13vIM zatI meM vastupAla aura tejapAla nAmaka zreSThabaMdhuoMne AbU para eka maMdira banavAyA jo apanI kalA ke lie advitIya hai / zatruMjaya aura giranAra ke tIrthakSetroM ko bhI alaMkRta karanemeM aneka seThoM aura rAjAoMkA yoga dAna rahA hai / khaMbhAtakA ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAtha maMdira bhI 12vIM zatI meM banavAyA gayA thA aura terahavIM zatI ke antameM isakA jIrNoddhAra kiyA gayA thaa| rAjasthAna ke aneka dharmAnuyAyiyoMne dAna dekara isa maMdira kI samRddhi baDhAyI hai / terahavIM zatI meM dAnavIra zeTha jagaDUzAha hue| ve kaccha pradezake rahane vAle the| unhoMne giranAra aura zatruMjaya girikA saMgha nikAlA thaa| ve garIboM ko kAphI Arthika sahAyatA karate the aura eka bhArI duSkAlameM rAjA vIsaladeva ke kAlameM unhoMne AsapAsa ke rAjAoMko sahAyatA karake prajAko bhUkha se marane se bacAyA thaa| pethar3azAha bhI isI samaya ke AsapAsa hue the| pandrahavIM zatIkA samaya somasundara yuga kahA jAtA hai| AcArya somasundara ne jaina dharmakI prabhAvanAke lie jainoMko kAphI protsAhita kiyA thA / pandrahavIM zatI meM hI lokAzAhane sthAnakavAsI sampradAyakI sthApanA kI thii| solahavIM zatI meM hI vijayasUri jaisI eka mahAna vibhUtikA janma pAlanapurameM huA thaa| unakA akabara para acchA prabhAva par3A thA jisase jaina dhArmika utsavoMke dinoM meM pazuhiMsA niSedha ke faramAna bAdazAhane jArI kiye the / solahavIM zatI jainoM meM hairaka yuga ke nAmase prasiddha hai / rAjasthAna rAjasthAna meM jaina dharmakA astitva maurya kAlase pUrvakA pAyA jAtA hai| ajamera ke nikaTa bar3alI (nagarI) se jo zilAlekha milA hai vaha bhAratakA prAcInatama lekha hai / usameM mahAvIra nirvANake 80 ve varSakA ullekha hai / isa prakAra I0 pU0 pAMcavI, zatI meM vahAM para jaina dharma vidyamAna thA / citaur3a ke pAsa madhyamikA nAmaka jo sthAna hai usake nAmase I0 pU0 tRtIya zatI meM eka munizAkhAkI sthApanAkA ullekha jaina sAhitya meM milatA hai| mAlavA meM kAlikAcArya ke dvArA zakAMke lAnekA ullekha hai / usa samaya arthAt I0 pUrva prathama zatAbdI meM rAjasthAnakA dakSiNI pUrvI bhAga mAlavA meM zAmila thA / IsA pUrva aura pazcAtakI eka-do zatAbdiyoM meM mathurA meM jaina dharma bahuta sudRr3ha thA / isake AdhAra se yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki usa samaya rAjasthAna ke uttara-pUrvI bhAgameM bhI jaina dharma pracalita hogA / bundI ke pAsa kezorAyapaTTanameM jaina maMdira ke bhagnAvazeSoMkI saMbhAvanA pAMcavIM zatIkI kI jAtI hai / sAtavIM zatI meM hvenasAMga ke varNana se bhinnamAla aura vairATameM jainoMkA astitva prakaTa hotA hai / vasantagaDha(sirohI) meM RSabhadevakI dhAtukI mUrti para chaThIM zatIkA lekha vidyamAna hai| AThavIM zatI ke haribhadrasUri cittaur3a ke nivAsI the / vIrasenAcAryane SaTakhaMDAgama tathA kaSAyaprAbhRta elAcAryase 8 vIM zatI meM cittaur3a meM hI sIkhA thaa| isI zatI meM udyotanasUrine AbU para bRhadgacchakI sthApanA kI thI / * rAjapUta rAjA mukhyataH viSNubhakta aura zaiva the phira bhI jaina dharma ke prati unakA sauhArda hamezA banA rahA hai| pratihAra rAjA vatsarAja ( 8 vIM zatI) ke samayakA osiyAkA mahAvIrakA mandira Aja bhI vidya mAna hai| maMDaura ke rAjA kakkukane navIM zatImeM eka jaina maMdira banavAyA thaa| koTA ke pAsakI jaina
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________________ jaina dharmakA prasAra : 17 guphAe~ 8vIM-9vIM zatIkI haiM tathA 8vIMse 11vIM zatI ke jIrNa maMdira bhI dekhaneko milate haiN| AghATa(udayapura)kA pArzvanAtha-maMdira eka maMtrI ke dvArA 10vIM zatImeM banavAyA gayA thaa| siddharSi usI zatImeM zrImAlameM janme the| lodoravA(jaisalamera)meM rAjA sAgarake putroMne pArzvanAthakA maMdira banavAyA thaa| paramArakAlIna 10vIM zatImeM AbUke rAjA kRSNarAjake samayameM diyAnA(sirohI)meM eka jainamUrtikI sthApanA kI gayI thii| usI samayake hathaMDI(bIjApura)ke rAThaur3oMse jaina dharmako sahAyatA milane ke ullekha haiN| vidagdharAjane to eka jaina maMdira banavAyA thaa| chaThIMse bArahavIM zatI taka zUrasenoMkA rAjya bharatapura para thA aura usa samayake kucha rAjA jaina the| isa kAlameM vahAM para bahutasI pratiSThAe~ huyiiN| alavara ke maMdiroM ke zilAlekha 11vIM-12vIM zatI ke gUrjara pratihAroMke kAlake prApta hote haiN| cauhAna pRthvIrAja prathamane 12vIM zatI ke prArambhameM raNathaMbhaurake jaina maMdiroMpara suvarNakalaza caDhAye the| usake vaMzajoMkA bhI jaina dharma ke prati sauhArda banA rhaa| bIsaladevane ekAdazIko katalakhAne baMda karavA diye the| jinadattasUri bArahavIM zatImeM hue the| unakA svargagamana ajamera meM huA thaa| ve marudhara ke kalpavRkSa mAne gaye haiN| pRthvIrAja dvitIyane pArzvanAtha mandirakI sahAyatA ke lie bijoliyA nAmaka gA~va dAna meM diyA thaa| vanarAja cAvaDAne bhinnamAlase jainoMko bulAkara pATanameM basAyA thaa| hemacandra ke kAla meM rAjasthAna meM bhI jaina dharmane kAphI pragati kii| solaMkI kumArapAlane pAlI (jodhapura)ke brAhmaNoMko yajJameM mAMsake badale anAjakA upayoga karane ke lie bAdhya kiyA thaa| usane jAlaura meM eka jaina maMdira banavAyA thaa| AbUke jaina maMdira bhI usIke kAlameM bane the tathA sirohIkA DabAgI gA~va unakI sahAyatArtha dAnameM diyA gayA thaa| sevADIke zilAlekhoMse mAlUma hotA hai ki vahA~ke rAjagharAne 10vIMse 13vIM zatI taka jaina saMsthAoMko sahAyatA karate rheN| isI prakAra nADaula, nADalAI aura sAMDerAvakI jaina saMsthAoMko bhI madada milatI rhii| kumArapAlake adhIna nADolake cauhAna azvarAjane jaina dharma svIkAra kiyA thaa| 12vIM-13vIM zatiyoMmeM jAlaurake jainoMko vahAM ke sAmantoMse sahAyatA milaneke lekha vidyamAna haiN| mevAr3akI eka rAnIne 13vIM zatImeM cittor3ameM pArzvanAthakA mandira banavAyA thaa| isI zatImeM jagacandrasUriko mevAr3a ke rANAne tapAkI padavI dI thI aura unakA gaccha tapAgaccha khlaayaa| bArahavIMse caudahavIM zatI meM jhAr3olI, candrAvatI, dattAnI aura diyANA(sirohI jilA)ke mandiroMke lie bhUmidAnake lekha milate haiN| kAlandrI(sirohI ke pUre saMghane 14vIM zatI meM aicchika maraNako apanAyA thaa| jinabhadrasUrine 15vIM zatImeM jaisalamerameM bRhajJAnabhaNDAra sthApita kiyA thaa| rAjasthAnameM zAstrako surakSita rakhanekA tathA usakI aneka pratiyA~ karavAnekA zreya inhIM ko hai| 15vIM zatImeM rANA kumbhAne sAdaDI meM eka jaina maMdira banavAyA thaa| unhIM ke kAlameM jaina kIrtistambha cittaur3a ke kilemeM banA thaa| rANakapurakA jaina maMdira bhI usI samaya kI racanA hai jo sthApatya kalAkA eka atyanta suMdara namUnA hai| rANA pratApane to hIravijayasUriko mevAr3a meM bulAyA thaa| akabara ke pAsa jAte samaya ve sirohImeM Thahare the aura unheM sUrikI padavIse vahAM para hI vibhUSita kiyA gayA thaa| zvetAmbara lokAgacchake prathama veSadhArI sAdhu bhANA the jo araThavAr3A(sirohI) ke rahane vAle the| ve 1476meM sAdhu bane the| terApaMthake pravartaka bhIkamajI bhI mevAr3a ke hI the jo 18vIM zatI meM hue / 17vIM zatImeM auraMgajebake kAlameM koTAmeM kRSNadAsane eka jaina maMdira banAkara baDI himmata
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________________ 18 : zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNamahotsava grantha dikhAyI aura jainoM ke prabhAvakA acchA paricaya diyaa| samayasundara 16vIM-17vIM sadI meM he| ve rAjasthAnIke agralekhaka mAne gaye haiN| digambara terApanthake saMsthApaka amaracanda sAMgAnerake the, jinakA kAla 17vIM zatIkA hai| 18vIM zatImeM jayapura ke gumAnI rAmane gumAnapaMtha kI sthApanA kI thii| pandrahavIM zatIse unnIsavIM zatI taka rAjasthAna meM jaina dharmakA jo prabhAva rahA vaha saMkSepameM isa prakAra aMkita kiyA jA sakatA hai: sthala-sthala para mandira banavAnA, pratiSThAeM karanA, rAjapuruSoMse anudAnake rUpameM jamIna prApta karanA ityAdi; stUpa, stambha, pAdukAoM tathA upAzrayoM kI sthApanA aura mandiroMkA jIrNoddhAra krnaa| isI kAlameM rAjasthAnI aura hindIke kaI sAhityakAra bhI hue| jayapura ke kachavAhoM ke adhIna karIba 50 dIvAna jaina the, jinake kAraNa jaina dharmako sabhI kSetroMmeM protsAhana milaa| muslima AkramaNake kAraNa jaina mandiroMkI masjideM bhI banAyI gyiiN| 12vIM zatIkA ajamerakA aDhAI dinakA jhopar3A va sAMcaura aura jAlaurakI masjideM jaina mandira hI the| jIrAvalA pArzvanAtha maMdirako bhI isI prakAra kSati huyii| 16vIM zatImeM bIkAnerake mandira para bhI AkramaNa huA thaa| koTAke zAhabAdameM isI prakAra auraMgajebane eka masjida banAyI thii| rAjakAraNameM jainoMke yogadAnake bhI kaI udAharaNa prApta haiN| kumArapAlake rAjyakAlameM vimalazAha AbUke pratinidhi the| jAlaurakA udayana khambhAtakA rAjyapAla thaa| 16vIM zatI ke vIra tejA gadahIyA ne jodhapurakA rAjya zerazAhase rAjA mAladevako vApisa dilavAyA thaa| dIvAna muhaNota nainasI, ratnasiMha bhaMDArI, ajamerake zAsaka dhanarAja aura kUTanItijJa indrarAja siMdhIke nAma bhI ullekhanIya haiN| karamacanda bIkAnareke rAjA kA eka daNDanAyaka thaa| mevAr3a ke AzAzAhane udayasiMhako zaraNa dI thii| bhAmAzAha rANA pratApake dIvAna the jinhoMne pratApako Apatti kAlameM adbhuta sahAyatA kI thii| 11vIM zatIke Amerake dIvAna vimaladAsa yuddha meM lar3ate lar3ate mare the| dIvAna rAmacandrane Amerako mugaloMse vApisa liyA thaa| unakA nAma sikkoM para bhI chA thaa| isa prakAra yaha sAbita hotA hai ki hindU rAjAoMke adhIna hote hue bhI rAjasthAna meM jainoMkA prabhAva aura pracAra rAjapUta kAlameM kAphI bar3hA car3hA thA aura usI paraMparAke kAraNa rAjasthAna meM aba bhI jaina matake anuyAyI kAphI saMkhyAmeM pAye jAte haiN| dakSiNa bhAratameM jaina dharma uttara bhAratameM akAla par3a jAne ke kAraNa bhadrabAhu apane vizAla munisaMghake sAtha zravaNa belagolA gye| maurya rAjA candraguptane unake hI ziSyatvameM vahAM para samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| paraMparAse yaha bhI jAnakArI milatI hai ki bhadrabAhune apane ziSya vizAkha muniko Age dakSiNameM cola aura pANDya dezoMmeM dharmapracArArtha bhejA thaa| isa ghaTanAke bala para bhadrabAhuko dakSiNa dezameM jaina dharma ke prathama pracArakakA zreya diyA jAtA hai| paraMtu eka vicAraNIya prazna yaha hai ki yadi bhadrabAhu ke pUrva usa pradezameM jainiyoMkA bilkula abhAva thA to itane bar3e munisaMghane kina logoM ke AdhAra va Azraya para akasmAta eka aparicita dezameM jAne kI himmata kI hogii| mAlUma hotA haiM ki unake pahale bhI vaha parAM jaina dharma vidyamAna thA aura unake pramANa bhI milate haiN| azokake samaya meM bauddha dharmakA pracAra laMkAmeM unake putra-putrI dvArA prAraMbha kiyA gayA thA, paraMtu jaina dharmakA pracAra to usake pahale hI laMkAmeM ho cukA thaa| ajaina sAhitya isakA sAkSI hai| pAli mahAvaMza tathA dIpavaMzake anusAra pANDukAbhaya ke rAjyakAlameM anurAdhapura meM nirgranthoMke lie nivAsasthAna banAye gaye the| vaha kAla I0 pU0 pAMcavIM-zatIkA hai| itane prAcIna kAlameM laMkAmeM jaina dharma
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________________ jaina dharmakA prasAra : 19 kahA~se pahu~cA hogA / isakA uttara khojate samaya svAbhAvika taurase yahI kahanA par3atA hai ki I0 pUrva pAMcavIM aura cauthI zatI meM kaliMga - Andhra tathA tAmila dezase hotA huA vaha laMkAmeM AyA hogA / ataH bhadrabAhu dakSiNa dezameM jaina dharma ke Adi pravartaka nahIM varan usako punaH jAgrata karane vAle the| jisa prakAra eka dhArA Andhra dezase dakSiNa dezameM gayI usI prakAra bhadrabAhuke kAlase dUsarI dhArA karnATakase dakSiNa dezako jaina dharmase AplAvita karatI rhii| isa dhArAkA IsAkI prathama 10-12 zatAbdiyoM taka dakSiNa meM avicchinna srota bahatA rahA hai| vahA~ke aneka dhvaMsAvazeSoM, maMdira va mUrtiyoMse yahI siddha hotA hai ki yaha dharma vahAM para lokapriya rahA hai| pUre ke pUre rAjavaMzoM ke sAtha isakA jisa prakArakA dIrghakAlIna saMbaMdha rahA hai vaisA uttara bhArata meM bhI nahIM rhaa| isa dRSTise dakSiNa dezake prAcIna itihAsa meM jaina yugoM ke darzana kiye jA sakate haiM / dravir3a pradeza candragupta ke prapautra sampratine jainadharma ke pracArameM jo yoga diyA thA usake kAraNa tAmila ( drAvir3a ) deza meM bhI jaina dharmako bala milA thA aisA sAhityika paraMparA batalAtI hai / isa prasaMgameM I0 pU0 dUsarItIsarI zatI ke brAhmI lipike zilAlekha tathA IsAkI cauthI pAMcavIM zatIkI citrakArI ullekhanIya hai ' / rAmanada (madurA ), tinnAvalI aura sitannavAsalakI guphAoMmeM uparyukta jaina pramANa milate haiM, jinase mAlUma hotA hai ki ye sthala jaina zramaNoMke kendra the / IsAkI karIba 15 zatAbdiyoM taka jaina dharmane tAmila logoM ke sAhitya aura saMskRti ke sAtha gaharA saMbaMdha banAye rakhA hai / IsAkI prathama zatAbdiyoM meM tAmila deza ke sAhitya para jainoM kA prabhAva to suspaSTa hai| tAmila kAvya kurala aura tolakAppiyama isa prasaMgameM ullekhanIya hai / kurala ke pazcAtkA adhikatara ziSTa sAhitya (Classical) jainoM ke AzrayameM hI phalA phUlA / pAMca prAcIna mahAkAvyoM meM se tIna kRtiyAM to jainoMkI haiN| sIlappadikAram ( dUsarI zatI), balayApadi aura cintAmaNi (10vIM zatI) ye tIna jaina grantha haiN| anya kAvyoM meM nIlakezI, bRhatkathA, yazodhara kAvya, nAgakumAra kAvya, zrIpurANa AdikA nAma liyA jA sakatA hai / bauddha kAvya maNimekalaise bhI prAcIna kAlameM tAmila deza para jainoMke prabhAva aura vaibhavakA kAphI digdarzana hotA hai / kuralake anusAra mailApura tathA mahAbalipurama meM jainoM kI bastiyAM thiiN| dUsarI zatI meM madurA jaina dharmakA mukhya kendra thaa| samantabhadrakA isa nagarIse jo saMbaMdha rahA hai vaha suvidita hai| pAMcavIM zatI meM hI vajranandIne yahAM para drAviDa saMghakI sthApanA kI thI / kAMcI pradezake cauthIse AThavIM zatI takake pallaba rAjAoMmeM bahuta-se jaina the / hvenasAMgane sAtavIM zatI meM kAMcIko jainoMkA acchA kendra mAnA hai / sAtavIM-AThavIM zatIke jaina zilAlekha ArakoTake pAsa paMcapAMDava malaya nAmaka pahAr3I para prApta hue haiN| pAMcavIM zatI ke pazcAt kalabhra rAjAoMkA adhikAra pANDya, cola aura cera rAjyoM para ho gayA thaa| yaha jainoMkA utkRSTa kAla thA kyoM ki kalabhra rAjAoMne jaina dharma apanAyA thaa| isI samaya jaina nAdiyA kI racanA huI thii| isa prakAra pAMcavIM se sAtavIM zatAbdI taka jainoMkA rAjanIti para bhI kAphI prabhAva banA rhaa| mahAn tArkika akalaMkAcArya AThavIM zatI meM hI hue the / tatpazcAt zaiva aura 1 Studies in South Indian Jainism. I. p. 33. & Jainism in South India. pp. 28, 31, 51, 53.
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________________ 20 : zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNamahotsava grantha vaiSNava matoMke pracArase jaina dharma avanatikI ora agrasara hone lgaa| sAtavIM zatIkA pallava rAjA mahendravarmA jaina thA, paraMtu bAdameM zaiva ho gyaa| pANDya rAjA sundara pakkA jainI thA, paraMtu usakI rAnI aura mantrI zaiva the unake kAraNa tathA zaiva bhaktakavi sambandarake prabhAvase vaha zaiva ho gyaa| zaiva nAyanAroMke kAraNa sAtavIM-AThavIM zatIse jaina dharmako kAphI dhakkA phuNcaa| - AThavIM zatIse vaiSNava alvAroMne bhI jainoMkA jabaradasta virodha karanA zurU kara diyA thaa| phira bhI 8vIM se 12vIM zatI takake rAjAoMne niSpakSa bhAvase jainoMke prati sahAnubhUti bhI bartI thii| sitannavAsalameM 8vIM-9vIM zatAbdIke jaina zilAlekha tAmila bhASAmeM prApta hote haiN| navIM zatI meM TrAvanakorakA tirucchA najhumalai zramaNoMke parvatake rUpameM vikhyAta thaa| 10vIM-11vIM zatI meM cola aura pANDya dezoMmeM sarvatra jaina loga vidyamAna the| 13vIM zatImeM uttara ArakoTameM jainoMke astitvake bAremeM acche pramANa milate haiN| tirumalai sthAnake 10vIM-11vIM aura 14vIM zatI takake zilAlekhoMse mAlUma hotA hai ki vaha usa samayameM jaina kendra banA huA thaa| 15vIM-16vIM zatIkA bar3Ase bar3A kozakAra maMDalapuruSa huA jisane nighaMTU cUDAmaNikI racanA kii| Andhra pradeza (pUrvakAlIna dakSiNa ur3IsA, kaliMgAdi) kaliMga deza(tosali)meM svayaM mahAvIra gaye the| nanda rAjAoMke samaya meM kaliMga-ur3IsAmeM jainoMkA kAphI pracAra ho cukA thaa| khAravela ke samaya I0 pU0 dasarI zatI meM yahA~ para jaina dharmako bahata protsAhana milA kyoMki ve svayaM jaina the| yahAMke udayagiri-khaNDagirikI guphAoMmeM 10vIM zatI takake jaina zilAlekha milate haiN| sAtavIM zatImeM hvenasAMgane kaliMga dezako jainoMkA gar3ha batAyA hai| usake bAda solahavIM zatAbdImeM bhI usa kSetra ke rAjA pratApa rudradevake jaina-sahiSNu honeke ullekha haiN| samrATa sampratike dvArA Andhra pradezameM jaina dharmako phailAne ke ullekha jaina sAhityameM Ate haiN| IsAkI dUsarI zatI meM kuDApAmeM siMhanaMdiko do rAjakumAra mile the jinhoMne karnATakake gaMgavaMzakI sthApanA kI thii| ataH usa samaya isa pradezameM jaina dharma kAphI pracalita hogaa| kAlakAcArya ke kathAnakase rAjA sAtavAhana hAlakI jainadharmake prati sahAnubhUti honekI jhalaka milatI hai| pUjyapAdake pAMcavIM zatImeM Andhra jAneke ullekha milate haiN| pUrvI cAlukyoMne sAtavIM zatImeM isa pradezameM jaina dharmako pragati pradAna kI thii| usa samaya vijayAnagara ke pAsa rAmatIrtha jainoMkA kendra banA huA thaa| Andhra ke komaTI eka samRddha vaNika jAti hai| ve maisUrase idhara Aye the| gomaTezvarake bhakta hone ke kAraNa gomaTIse ve komaTI kahalAne lge| ___ AndhrameM jaina sAhitya ucita mAtrAmeM upalabdha nahIM huA hai| mAlUma hotA hai, vaha naSTa kara diyA gayA hai| kyoMki purAne meM purAne telagu mahAbhAratameM nannaya bhaTTanene apane pUrvake lekhakoMkA smaraNa kyoM nahIM kiyaa| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki usake pUrvake kavi jaina the| isake atirikta karnATaka ke pampa aura nAgavarma jaise bar3ese bar3e kavi yA to Andhra dezake the yA vahAM se sambandhita the| isalie AndhrameM jaina sAhityakI racanA avazya huyI hogI jaisA ki tAmila aura kannaDa bhASAoMmeM srajana huA hai| saMskRta jainendra kalyANAbhyudayakI racanA 14vIM zatI meM veraMgala-ayyapAryake dvArA kI gayI thii| karnATaka bhadrabAhuke zravaNa belagola jAnekA ullekha Upara kara Aye haiN| vahIM para samrATa candraguptane samAdhimaraNa prApta kiyA thaa| usa samayase jaina dharmakA praveza isa pradezameM ho cukA thaa|
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________________ jaina dharmakA prasAra : 21 IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI se terahavIM zatI taka jainadharma karnATakakA pradhAna dharma banakara rahA hai| vahA~ ke janajIvana, sAhitya, saMskRti, kalA aura darzana para isa dharmakA jo nAnA kSetriya prabhAva hai vaha advitIya hai / bar3e bar3e rAjA-mahArAjA, sAmanta, zreSThi aura yahA~ taka ki sAmAnya prajAmeM isa deza ke kone kone meM jaina dharma pracalita honeke pramANa milate haiN| tAmila sAhitya aura bhASA ke uddhAra aura vikAsa meM jainoMne jo yoga diyA usase bhI adhika kannaDa bhASA aura sAhityake vikAsa meM jainoM kI vizeSa dena rahI hai| isa sAhitya ke kisI bhI vibhAga jaise Agama, purANa, siddhAnta, kAvya, chandaH zAstra, vyAkaraNa, nItizAstra, bhUgola, gaNita, saMgIta ityAdiko jainoMne achUtA nahIM rkhaa| jaina kannaDa sAhitya - kI zailIkA prabhAva Andhra deza para bhI par3e binA nahIM rahA / dvitIya zatI meM gaMgavaMzakI sthApanA karanemeM jaina AcArya siMhanaMdIkA pramukha hAtha rahA hai| mAdhava konaguNivarmA isa vaMzake Adi saMsthApaka hue / pAMcavIM zatIke pUjyapAda durvinItake rAjaguru hone ke ullekha milate haiN| zivamAra, zrIpuruSa, mArasiMha ityAdi narezoMne aneka jaina mandira banavAye tathA muniyoMko dAna diyaa| mArasiMha (10vIM zatI) ne to jaina samAdhimaraNa kiyA thA / vAdi dhaMgala isI zatI - ke tArkika the / rAcamalla (caturtha) ke maMtrI cAmuNDarAyane gomaTezvarakI jo vizAla aura adbhuta mUrti banavAyI vaha apanI kalAke lie jagadvikhyAta hai | cAmuNDarAya para nemicandra siddhAntacakravartIkA prabhAva ullekhanIya hai / isa vaMza ke aneka rAjA tathA unake sAmanta, maMtrI aura senApatiyoMne jaina dharmake vividhamukhI kAryoM meM yogadAna diyaa| gaMga mahAdevI, paMpAdevI, lakSmImatI ityAdi rAjamahilAoM ke nAma isa prasaMga meM lene yogya haiN| gaMgoM kI samastike bahuta pahale hI kadamboM aura rASTrakUToMne jaina dharmako apanA liyA thA / vanavAsI ke kadamboM meM brAhmaNa dharma pracalita thA phira bhI kucha rAjA jainadharmI the| unameM cauthI zatI - ke kAsthavarmAkA nAma ullekhanIya hai| pAMcavIM zatI ke zrIvijaya zivamRgeza varmA aura zrImRgeza dvArA jainoM ke zvetAmbara, nirgrantha, yApanIya aura kUrcaka Adi saMghoMko alaga alaga bhUmidAna karane ke zilAlekha prApta hote haiM / harivarmA, ravivarmA, devavarmA ityAdike dvArA bhI samaya samaya para mandiroM va saMghoM ke lie gA~va aura bhUmidAna karaneke ullekha milate haiN| isa prakAra isa pradezameM cauthI se chaThIM zatI taka jaina dharma lokapriya rahA aura rAjya-sammAna prApta karatA rahA / sAtavIM zatI se rASTrakUToMkA kAla prAraMbha hotA hai| isa vaMzake sAtha jainoMkA bahuta nikaTakA saMbaMdha rahA hai| dantidurga khaDDAvalokane AThavIM zatI meM akalaMka devako sammAnita kiyA thA / amoghavarSa prathama guru jinasena the jinhoMne AdipurANa likhA hai| unakI praznottara ratnamAlikAse pratIta hotA hai ki unhoMne rAjya tyAgakara jaina dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| unakI eka anya racanA kannaDa meM alaMkArazAstra para pAyI jAtI hai / zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa para amoghavRtti nAmaka TIkA inake hI nAma para AdhArita hai / dazavIM zatI meM Good eka vIrAMganA tathA saphala zAsanakartrI thI, jisane samAdhimaraNa kiyA thA / isa vaMzake anya rAjAoMkI jaina dharma para mahatI zraddhA rahI hai| guNabhadra, indranandi, somadeva, puSpadanta, ponna ityAdi kaviyoMkA AvirbhAva inhIM ke kAlameM huA thaa| rASTrakUToMkI rAjadhAnI mAnyakheTa jainoM kA kendra bana gayA thA kyoMki isa vaMzake rAjAoMkA isa dharmake prati viziSTa prema rahA hai| antima rAjA indra caturthane zravaNabelagolA meM bhadrabAhu kI taraha samAdhi maraNa kiyA thA / rASTrakUToM ke pazcAt punaH pazcimI cAlukyoMkA karnATaka para adhikAra ho gayA thA / paraMtu isake pUrva bhI cAlukyoMkA jaina dharma ke prati prema banA huA thA / aiholakA ravikIrtikA zilAlekha apanI kAvyAtmaka
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________________ 22 : zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNamahotsava prantha zailIke lie prasiddha hai| yaha sAtavIM zatIke pulakezI dvitIyake samayakA hai| usa sthAnakA meghuTI mandira ravikIrtine banavAyA thaa| bAdAmI aura aiholakI jaina guphAoMkI racanA isI samayameM huyI thii| pazcimI cAlukya vaMzake saMsthApaka tailapa dvitIya(10vIM zatI)ko jaina dharmake prati acchI AsthA thii| isI ke AzrayameM kaviratna raNane ajitapurANa kannaDa bhASAmeM likhA thaa| dazavIM zatIkI eka senAnAyakakI putrI attimabbe apanI dAnazIlatAke lie ullekhanIya hai| 11vIM zatImeM bhI isI prakArakA sahArA jainoMko milatA rhaa| vAdirAjakA pArzvanAthacarita usI samayakA hai| zrIdharAcAryakI jyotiSaviSayaka kRti kannaDameM sabase purAnI racanA hai, jo somezvara prathama ke samaya meM racI gayI thii| isa vaMzake anya rAjAoMne bhI jainadharmakI unnati ke lie paryApta sahAyatA kii| isa prakAra yaha rAjavaMza jaina dharmakA saMrakSaka rahA tathA sAhityasRjanameM isane kAphI protsAhana diyaa| jaina mandiroM aura saMsthAoMko dAnake jariye inake dvArA bala milatA rhaa| hoyasala rAjavaMzako 11vIM zatI meM saMsthApita karanekA zreya eka jaina muniko hI hai| muni vardhamAnadevakA prabhAva vinayAditya ke zAsana prabandha para kAphI banA rhaa| kitane hI anya rAjAoM ke dvArA jaina saMsthAoM ko lagAtAra sahAyatA milatI rahI hai| kucha rAjAoMke guru jainAcArya rahe haiN| 12vIM zatIke nareza viSNuvardhana pahale jaina the parantu bAdameM rAmAnujAcArya ke prabhAvameM Akara viSNu dharma svIkAra kiyaa| usa samayase viSNu dharmakA prabhAva bar3hatA gayA, phira bhI zilAlekhoMse unakA jaina dharmake prati prema jhalakatA hai| unakI rAnI zAMtaladevIne to Ajanma jaina dharmakA pAlana kiyaa| viSNuvardhana ke kaI senApati aura maMtrI jaina dharmake uddhAraka bane rheN| gaMgarAja, unakI patnI lakSmImatI, boppa, mariyAne, bharatezvara Adi isa saMbaMdhameM ullekhanIya haiN| usake bAda narasiMha prathama, vIra ballAla, narasiMha tRtIya tathA aneka rAjAoMne jaina maMdira banAye, dAna diyA tathA jaina dharmako samRddhizAlI bnaayaa| isa prakAra bArahavIM-terahavIM zatI taka jainoM kA acchA prabhAva rahA hai| narasiMha prathamake cAra senAnAyaka tathA do maMtrI jaina the| vIra ballAlake zAsanameM bhI kitane hI jaina maMtrI aura senAnAyaka the| inake alAvA choTe choTe rAjagharAnoMne bhI 8vIMse 13vIM zatI taka jaina dharmakA poSaNa kiyaa| isa kAraNa yaha dharma sArvajanika bana sakA tathA sabhI dizAoMse isako bala milatA rhaa| aise gharAnoMmeM sAntara nareza, kAMgalva aura cAMgalvoM tathA karahADake zIlahAra rAjapuruSoMke jainopakArI kAryoko ginAyA jA sakatA hai| inake sAtha sAtha aneka sAmanta, maMtrI, senApati, seTha, sAhUkAra aura kaI mahilAoMke dharmaprabhAvanAke vividha tarahake vaiyaktika kAryoMko dhyAnameM liyA jA sakatA hai| vijayAnagara kAla _ vijayAnagara sAmrAjyakI sthApanA 14vIM zatI meM huyii| usa samaya jaina dharma asvastha avasthAmeM thaa| paraMtu sahanazIlatA aura dharmanirapekSatAkI jo udAranIti vahA~ ke rAjAoMne apanAyI isase jaina dharmako kAphI rAhata milii| bukkarAya prathama jainoM ke zaraNadAtA the| senAnAyaka irugappa jaina thA, usake kAraNa jaina dharmako 14-15vIM zatI meM protsAhana milaa| zravaNabelagolA, belUra, halebIDa ityAdi sthAnoMmeM anya dharmAvalaMbiyoMne jainoM ke sAtha premabhAvanA bddh'aayii| pandrahavIM zatIke devarAva prathama tathA dvitIyane jainoMko sahAyatA dI thii| vijayAnagarakI mukhya rAjadhAnImeM jainoMkI jar3eM itanI majabUta nahIM thI, paraMtu jiloMmeM adhikRta rAjyagharAnoMke AzrayameM jaina dharmakA poSaNa acchI tarahase hotA rhaa| 16vIM zatIke kavi maMgarasane
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________________ jaina dharmakA prasAra : 23 kitane hI jaina sthala banavAye tathA kannaDameM kitane hI graMtha raceM / 14vIM se 17vIM zatI taka saMgItapura, gerasoppe, kArakala ityAdi jainoMke acche kendra rahe haiM / belArI, kuDAppA, koyaMbaTUra Adi jiloMmeM tathA kolhApura, cAmarAjanagara, rAyadurga, kanakagiri ityAdimeM bhI jainoMkA prabhAva banA rhaa| zRMgerIne 12vIMse 16vIM tathA belUrane 14vIMse 19vIM zatI taka jaina dharmakI rakSA kii| usa kAlake siMhakIrti, vAdI vidyAnaMda Adi vidvAnoMke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| inake alAvA kitane hI sAhityakAra aura paMDita usa samaya meM hue jo jaina dharmakI sevA karate rheN| inameM paMDita bAhubali, kezavavarNi, madhura, yazaH kIrti, zubhacaMdra ityAdiko ginAyA jA sakatA hai / yaha hai jaina dharma ke prasArakA aitihAsika siMhAvalokana | apane prAraMbhika kAlase madhyayugIna kAla taka jaina dharma ucita rUpa se panapatA rhaa| vaha pUrva dezase dakSiNa aura pazcima kI ora uttarottara vikAsa - zIla hotA gayA, yahA~ taka ki dakSiNa meM to vaha suvarNa yugoM meM palA / ina AdhAroM parase jainoMkI saMkhyA usa samaya anya dharmiyoMke anupAta meM adhika rahI hogI aisA anumAna lagAne meM koI atizayokti nahIM kahI jA sakatI / eka samaya dakSiNa dezameM jainoM aura bauddhoMkA hI bolabAlA thA / usa pradeza meM hindU dharmane bAda meM praveza kiyA hai, pahale vahA~ para hindU dharmakA itanA prabhAva nahIM thA / vartamAna sthitiko dekhate hue jaina dharmakI avasthA bilkula viparIta sI lagatI hai| jainoMkI saMkhyA anupAta meM kama ho gayI hai| isa avanati kyA kAraNa ho sakate haiM ? pUrvakAlameM aneka ucca koTikI vibhUtiyA~ vividha kSetro meM huyI, unakI saMkhyA uttarottara kAlameM ghaTatI hI gayI hai| pahalekA zAsanaprema, udAra vRtti aura nisvArtha sevA Ajakala kSINa hotI jA rahI hai| sAmAnya prajAkI anukUlatA ke anusAra dharmakI gatizIlatA bandasI ho gayI hai, jabaki yaha sarvavidita hai ki gati hI jIvana hai| eka tarapha choTI choTI bAtoM meM adhika se adhika sUkSmadarzI ho gaye haiM jinakI upAdeyatA sImita hai, to dUsarI ora bar3I bar3I bAtoM meM udAsIna vRtti ghara kara gayI hai jinakA kAryakSetra vistRta hai aura jo vAstavika rUpameM jIvana ke saha-astitvase sambandhita haiN| anekAnta aura syAdvAda pustakoM aura siddhAnta taka hI sImita raha gyaa| sAmAjika aura dhArmika jIvanameM use pUrNa zaktise apanAne ke anivArya prayAsa hI nahIM hue| idhara dekheM to gRhasthadharma para sAdhudharmakA prabhAva bar3ha gayA hai to udhara sAdhudharmameM gRhastha karmoMkA prvesh| do vibhinna kSetroMkI maryAdAoMkA atikramaNa honese sAdhAraNa jIvana durUha sA ho rahA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIrane upAsaka Anandako gRhasthadharma ke vratoM ko dhAraNa karavAte samaya yaha kabhI bhI nahIM kahA thA ki tuma kRSikAryakA tyAga kara do| unhoMne to itanA hI kahA thA ki 'ahA suhaM' dharmAcAra svIkAra kro| arthAt apanI zakti aura manake pariNAmoM ke anusAra dhArmika maryAdAoMkA pAlana kro| lekina arvAcIna dharmakA svarUpa hI badala gayA hai| kRSikAryako ghRNAspada samajhA jAtA hai, usameM hiMsA mAnI jAtI hai jabaki ' viruddharajjAikamma' 'kUDatulakUDamANa' aura 'tappaDirUvagavavahAra' ( arthAt rAjyake kAnUnoM ke viruddha kArya karanA, jhUThe tola aura jhUThe nApakA prayoga karanA aura nakalI vastuoMko asalIke rUpameM calAnA) nAmaka aticAroM ke poSaNa meM gaurava samajhA jAne lagA hai / kRSikArya sAdhu tathA gRhasthake jIvana ke nibhAne ke lie maulika AvazyaktA hai, jisa prakAra vAyu prANadhAraNa ke lie| usa hiMsAko hiMsA nahIM, mAnA gayA hai| prathama tIrthakara Rbhane to svayaM hI kRSikAryakA upadeza diyA thA / isa dRSTiko dhyAna meM rakhate hue kRSikArya - virodhI upadeza kahA~ taka ucita aura yogya Thaharate haiN| aisI hI aneka bAteM aura mudde haiM jina para gRhastha, sAdhu, vidvAn aura AcArya samudAyako vicAra karanA cAhie tathA una mUla kAraNoMko hU~Dha nikAlanA cAhie jinake phalasvarUpa jaina dharmakA hrAsa hotA jA rahA hai, jabaki AbAdIkI saMkhyA ke
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________________ 24 : zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNamahotsava grantha anupAtase kAphI adhika mAtrAmeM sAhityabhaMDAra, kalAkRtiyA~ aura anya sAMskRtika sAmagrI prastuta dharmAvalambiyoM ke pAsa meM vidyamAna haiN| saMdarbha graMtha : 1 Studies in South Indian Jainism by M. S. R. Ayyangar & B. S. Rao, Madras, 1922. 2 Jainism in North India by C.J. Shah, 1932. 3 Mediaeval Jainism by B. A. Saletore, Bombay, 1933. 4 Jainism in Gujrat by C. B. Sheth, Bombay, 1953. 4 Jainism in Bihar by P. C. RoyChoudhury, Patna, 1956. 6 Jainism in South India by P. B. Desai, Sholapur, 1957. 7 Jainism in Rajasthan by K. C. Jain, 1963. 8 Mahavira Jayanti Week - 1964. Bharat Jain Mahamandal, Calcutta. 1 bhAratIya saMskRtimeM jainadharmakA yogadAna, vyA0 1, DA. hI. lA. jaina, bhopAla, 1962 / 10 jaina sAhityakA itihAsa, pUrva pIThikA, paM0 ke0 ca0 zAstrI, vArANasI 1963 / PHULP