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________________ jaina dharma aura saMgIta bhagavAna mahAvIra ne saMsAra ko anAdi-anaMta kahA usakA kAla kitanA laMbA hai, yaha sAdhAraNa mAnava ke hai| saMsAra kA na Adi hai aura na aMta / isaliye jaina buddhigrAhya ke bAhara kI bAta hai| vartamAna meM mAnava, darzanakAroM ne kahA hai ki saMsAra ke utthAna aura patana jinakI buddhi sImita hai aura anuprekSA se rahita hai, kA krama calatA rahatA hai / isI utthAna aura patana kI uparokta tathya ko mAnane ko Aja bhI taiyAra nahIM haiM avasthA meM tIrthaMkaroM kA janma hotA hai aura ve isa parantu jo navIna vastuoM ko puna: prakAzita karanA kramAnusAra ananta ho gaye haiM aura hote raheMge / jitane cAhate haiM ve tathyoM ko kabhI bhI asvIkAra nahIM krte| bhI pUrvakAla meM tIrthakara ho gaye haiM unhoMne apanA pravacana unakA kahanA hai ki bhUtakAla meM jo zakti utpanna haI rAga 'mAlakoza' meM hI diyA aura bhaviSya meM hone vAle hai unakA nAza kabhI nahIM huA hai| ve isI AkAza pradeza meM vidyamAna haiM kyoMki yadi hama vastuoM kA vinAza mAna lete haiM to vastuoM kA abhAva ho jAtA gulAbacandra jaina hai / vastuoM ke hI abhAva hone para utpatti ke AdhAra kA abhAva hotA hai jo yukti saMgata nahIM hai| jisa prakAra bhI 'mAlakoza' kI dhvani meM hI deveMge / saMgIta ke viSaya vAyu asthira rahatI hai usI taraha pratyeka paramANu bhI kI utpatti kA nizcaya karanA bAlaceSTA hI hai| itanA sthira nahIM rahate ve niraMtara gamanAgamana kArya karate avazya hai ki rAgoM meM utthAna aura patana samayAnukUla, rahate haiM / vAyu ko jisa prakAra ekatrita kara usameM prakRti ke parivartanAnusAra hotA hI rahatA hai| isI zakti paidA kI jAtI hai usI prakAra paramANu ko bhI saMgrahIta kara usase manacAhA kAma liyA jAtA hai / dekara usameM ulajhane lagate haiM aura dhvani kI vAstavika pratyeka paramANu meM rUpa, raMga, gaMdha, sparza evaM zabda Adi taraMgoM aura usake kriyA evaM zakti se hama vaMcita ho guNa eka dUsare se bhinna aura abhinna rahate haiN| isaliye jAte haiN| jaina darzana meM rAgoM kA kitanA mahatva hai aura unake saMgrahIta karane meM isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhanA par3atA 171
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________________ ke hai ki kisa prakAra ke kaMpana kA aura kitanI mAtrA meM upayoga kiyA jAya ki paramANuoM kA samUha hamArI icchA 'anusAra kAryarUpa meM pariNata ho / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA hai ki hamAre mu~ha se jo zabda nikalate haiM ve hameM yA dUsaroM ko sunAI nahIM pdd'te| jo bhASA vA zabda hamAre mu~ha se nikalate haiM, ve itane sUkSma aura tIbra gatizIla hote haiM ki eka samaya jisakA do bhAga nahIM ho sakatA, utane samaya meM sAre lokAkAza meM ve phaila jAte haiM aura dUsare samaya meM lokAkAza ke aMtima hisse se TakarAkara samUha rUpa meM pariNita hote haiM taba sAmUhika paramANu meM dhvani utpanna hotI hai jo hameM meM dhvani utpanna hotI hai jo hameM sunAI par3atI hai| isakI puSTi zakabhASya ke prathama khaNDa aura bhagavatIsUtra, paramANu uddezaka, pudagala uddezaka aura bhASA uddezaka meM milatI hai / uparokta uddezakoM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki 'paramANu' pudagala ke rUpa meM kisa prakAra parivartita hotA hai aura bhASA vargaNAoM ke liye kitane paramANuoM evaM paramANuoM ke skaMdhoM kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai, jo zrotendriyoM ke grahaNa yogya banatI haiN| vaizeSika aura nyAya darzana meM bhI paramANu ke viSaya meM batAyA gayA hai ki sUrya kI kiraNeM chidra meM se hokara bAhara AtI haiM tathA usameM jo choTe-choTe ati sUkSma rajakaNa dikhAI par3ate haiM unakA sAThavAM bhAga paramANu mAna liyA gayA hai / parantu jaina darzanakAroM kA kathana hai ki ananta paramANuoM kA skaMdha banane para bhI ve dRSTigocara nahIM ho skte| jaina darzanAnusAra ananta paramANu ke skaMdha vAle, skaMdhoM se bhI jo ananta ho aura jaba usakA piNDa banatA hai taba ve indriya-brAhma banate haiN| Upara kaha Aye haiM ki hara eka paramANu meM apanI vizeSa vargaNa zakti rahatI hai| jisa paramANuoM se bhASA banatI hai unheM jaina darzana meM bhASA vargaNA kahA hai / paramANuoM kA skaMdha kisa taraha banatA hai isake viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki, 'kAya vAGagrA mana : karma usa dhvani ko yogaH' / arthAt mana, bacana aura kAyA ke yoga se jo eka prakAra kA vizeSa rUpa se kaMpana hotA hai athavA jise kaMpana kriyA kahA jAtA hai usa kampanAnusAra hI paramANuoM kA svataH saMcaya hotA rahatA hai| jisa prakAra cumbakIya zakti se loha ke paramANu svataH khica kara usameM A milate hai usI prakAra apane guNoM ke anusAra svadharmI svadharmI meM Akara milate rahe haiM aura kAryarUpa meM pariNata hote rahate rahate haiM / usameM utAracar3hAva athavA hAni aura vRddhi jo hotI rahatI hai usakA kAraNa Apasa meM milakara aura punaH alaga vilaga ho jAne meM hotI hai / sAmAnya dRSTi se kampana kI mAtrA eka saikeNDa meM 240 mAna lI hai aura manda madhya tathA tIvra meM vibhAjita kI hai jo 22 zrutiyoM ke nAma se kahI jAtI hai| tIbra meM 3800 mAtrAyeM saMgIta ke rUpa meM mAna lI gayI hai| usase adhika mAtrA hone para vaha dhvani saMgIta na kahalAkara kolAhala kI zreNI meM AtI hai| kahane kA Azaya yaha hai ki saMgIta zAstra meM jo dhatiyoM aura dhvani mAtrAoM kI rUparekhA taiyAra kI hai, vaha sUkSma dRSTi se na kara sthUla dRSTi se hai, kyoMki kArya rUpa meM aura iMdriyoM ke grAhya yogNa kitanA kampana kama se kama Avazyaka hai, tAki vaha vyavahAra meM sucAru rUpa se upayoga ho sake / isaliye usa dhvani kA nAma saMgIta rakhA - 'sama' arthAt samyaka prakAra meM zrotendriya kI zakti meM kisI prakAra se vikAra paidA na kare usakI zakti se vRddhi aura sucArU rUpa se usameM sahAyaka bhUta ho vaha sampaka dhvani hI saMgIta kahI jAtI hai| saMgIta meM tIna akSara hai saMgIta bIca ke akSara 'gI' arthAt grIvA vANI ko nikAlane se, 'saMta' bacatA hai| saMtoM kI 'gI' - arthAt vANI ko saMgIta kahate haiN| rAgadva eSa se rahita saMtoM ke hRdaya ke bhAva unake udgAra jo nikalate the, usameM aisI zakti thI ki loga AkarSita ho jAte the aura usako hI bhavya prANI lakSya mAnakara anukaraNa karate aura vahI saMgIta kahA jAtA thA / 172
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________________ yazodharA meM kavi maithilIzaraNa gupta ne bhI gIta kI batAte huye batAyA ki teja meM eka vizeSa nitya samavAya paribhASA kahI hai- "adhara para muskarAhaTa hai, nainoM se saMbaMdha teja-guNa, rUpa rahA huA hai, vahI rUpa, teja, hara nIra bahatA hai, hRdaya kI huka ha~sa par3atI, jise jaga prANI ko AkarSita karatA hai aura usako grahaNa karane gIta kahatA hai|" vAlI A~kha hai| ina saba bAtoM se yaha saralatA se samajha meM A sakatA hai ki mAlakoza kI dhvani kA yahI abhijaina AgamoM meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki jisa samaya prAya hai ki mAnava ke andara ajJAna, aMdhakAra, mithyA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kAna se khIle khIMca kara nikAle jJAna, aviveka jo rahA huA hai use nikAlane ke liye gaye usa samaya unheM itanI adhika vedanA huI thI ki teja zakti tApa aura vaise hI rUpa kI AvazyakatA rahatI unake mukha se aisI teja dhvani (cIkha nikalI ki jisa hai ki vaha aMdhakAra rUpI mithayAbhimAna se nikalakara pahAr3I ke tale ve kAusagga meM khar3e the usa meM darAra par3a vAstavika apane svarUpa ko deMkhe aura usa teja ko grahaNa gyii| Aja ke yuga meM isa bAta ko zAyada hI koI kara aMdhakAra se chuTakArA paaye| kahAvata bhI hai ki biralA vyakti mAnane para taiyAra ho; para adhikAMza jisake cahare aura vANI meM teja (nUra) nahIM, vaha nara mAnane ko taiyAra nahIM haiN| saMgIta kI dhvani meM itanI hote haye bhI narAdhama hai| hama Apa sabhI yahI bAta zakti hai tathA AkarSaNa hai ki vaha bar3e-bar3e pahAr3oM meM kahate haiM ki sAmAnya mAnava kI vANI kitanI gaMbhIra bhI darAra paidA kara detI hai| aura tejapUrNa hai ki usake vANI ko sunakara kra ra se krUra hiMsaka prANI bhI; jisa taraha AMca pAkara lohA pighala prANiyoM ko "saMgIta" dhvani taraMgoM ke anusAra kara bahane lagatA hai, usI prakAra usameM bhI rahe huye bure sAtvika, rAjasa tathA tAmasa prakRtiyoM meM badala detA hai| vicAra pighalakara bahane lagate haiM / aisI avasthA meM yadi dhvani taraMgoM kA kitanA akATya prabhAva par3atA hai isa mithyA abhimAna ko eka bAja meM rakhakara zAnta jisakA sAkSAtkAra hameM natya meM aura sarakasoM meM, mauta citta se vicAra kareM to vAstavikatA hamAre samajha meM - kI sIr3hI para car3hane vAloM meM, lar3AI meM aneka kartavyoM A jAvegI ki sAmAnya jana kI vANI meM dhvani kA ko dekhakara hotA hai / zAstroM meM jo likhA gayA hai ki itanA prabhAva hai to jo tIrthakara yA avatArI puruSa yA dhvani se aneka bImAriyAM kaTa jAtI haiM; use Aja bhagavAna hote haiM unakI vANI kI dhvani kitanI teja vaijJAnika bhI svIkAra karate haiN| yukta rahatI hogI ki usa vANI ke prabhAva se tInoM loka ke prANI apanI bhUloM ko svIkAra karake unake caraNoM prazna yahAM yaha raha jAtA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra / ne tathA inake pUrva meM jitane bhI tIrthakara huye ve sabhI meM mastaka jhukAkara apane ko ahobhAgya samajhate haiN| ne "mAlakoza" kI dhvani meM hI kyoM pravacana diye haiN| jaina darzana saMsAra ko jaba anAdi-anaMta mAnatA isa viSaya ke liye jijJAsuoM ko cAhiye ki naMdI hai taba yaha kathana prAgetihAsika kAla kA ho jAtA hai| sUtra, Avazyaka bhAvya dravyAnayoga aura bhagavatI sUtra isaliye hama aitihAsika dRSTi se isake viSaya meM bhagavAna Adi AgamoM ko sUkSma dRSTi se dekheN| isakA sAmAnya mahAvIra kI upasthiti meM saMgIta kA jaina darzana meM eka kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki mAlakoza rAga meM teja tatva kitanA sthAna thA isI ko lakSya kara hI isakA prativizeSa rUpa se rahe huye haiM / vaizeSika jisake kartA kaNAda, pAdana karate haiM / AgamoM meM jo saMkalana kiyA gayA vaha nyAya sUtra jisake kartA gautama haiM tathA tarka-saMgraha jisake kramabaddha na hokara prasaMgAnusAra pAyA jAtA hai| hamAre kartA annabhadra hai, unhoMne apane graMthoM meM teja kA svarUpa sAmane isa samaya jo saMkalana hai vaha vAcanA devavRddhi 173
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________________ gaNikA hai| isake pUrva 3 vAcanA kA saMkalana huA thA jo lipibaddha nahIM miltaa| isase anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki ve vAcanAyeM punarAvartI ke rUpa meM mukhAgrahI karA dI gayI hoNgii| yadi lekha rUpa meM hote to kucha aMzoM meM avazya milte| jaina AgamoM ke sivAya anya prakaraNoM meM aura svataMtra rUpa se bhI ati sUkSma dRSTi se likhe gaye grantha saMpUrNa nahIM milte| una granthoM kA nAma anya granthoM meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| isameM anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki kucha asAvadhAnI se kharAba ho gaye, kucha bAhara videza cale gaye aura isake pUrva bhAratIya darzana kA adhikAMza bhAga jaina, vaidika Adi sabhI darzanoM sahita naSTa kara diyA gyaa| isaliye hamAre sAmane jo varta mAna meM grantha Agama Adi haiM unhIM ke AdhAra para kucha digdarzana karAyA jA sakatA hai| vartamAna anusaMdhAnakartA ( risarca karane vAle) vartamAna granthoM ke AdhAra para hI aMtima] chApa lagA baiThate haiN| para yaha vicAraNIya hai ki aMtima chApa to vaha lagA sakatA hai jo sarvajJa aura aMtarayAmI ho / chadamastha yadi aisA karatA hai to yaha usakI anAdhikAra ceSTA hai / vAdyoM se saMbaMdhita graMtha sthAnAGaga 4 prastuta grantha meM vAdyoM ke cAroM prakAroM ke vargIkaraNa kA ullekha hai / jaise : tat - taMtuvAdya, vINA Adi, ( 1 ) ( 2 ) titata - maMDhe huye vAdya, paTaha Adi, (3) pana kAMsyatAla (4) bhuzira zuSira-phUMka dvArA bajane vAle vAdya, bAMsurI Adi / rAjanIya sUtra 64 prastuta grantha meM (1) zaMkha, (2) zrRMga, (3) zaMkhikA, (4) kharamuhI, (5) peyA (6) pIriviriyAzUkara-puTAvanaddhamukhovAya vizeSa (7) paNava- laghu paTaha, (8) paTaha, ( 9 ) horaMbha ( 10 ) mahADhanakA, (11) merI, (12) jhallarI, ( 13 ) duMdubhi-vRkSa ke eka bhAga ko bhedakara banAyA gayA vAdya (14) muraja-zaMkaramukhI, ( 15 ) mRdaMga Adi 60 prakAra ke vAyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / , bRhatkalpa bhAvyapIThikA 24 vRtti isa pustaka meM vAdyoM ke nAmoM kA nimna prakAra se ullekha milatA hai : (1) bhaMbhA ( 2 ) mukunda ( 3 ) maddala (4) kaDaMba jhari (6) huDukka (7) kAMspatAla ( 8 ) kAhala talimA ( 10 ) vaMza ( 11 ) paNava tathA (5) ( 9 ) (12) zaMkha sthAnADa ga 7, u. 3 evaM anuyoga dvAra uparokta granthoM meM "saMgIta" kI vyAkhyA vizada rUpa se kI gayI hai / isameM gIta ke tIna prakAra batAye gaye 174 meM manda | / (1) prArambha meM mRdu (2) madhya meM te (3) anta gIta ke doSa ( 1 ) bhItaM - bhayabhIta mAnasa se gayA jAya, (2) itaM bahuta zIghra zIghra gAyA jAya, (3) apitvaM zvAsa yukta zIghra gAyA jAya athavA hsva svara laghu svara se hI gAyA jAya / (4) uttAlaM -ati uttAla svara se va avasthAna tAla se gAyA jAya / (5) kAkasvaraM kaue kI taraha karNa kaTu zabdoM - se gAyA jAya /
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________________ (6) anunAsikama-anunAsikA se gAyA jaay| akSarAdi sama bhI sAta prakAra kA hai : (1) akSara sama-hasva, dIrgha, pluta, sAnunAsikA se yukta / gIta ke ATha guNa (1) pUrNa-svara, laya aura kalA se yukta gAyA jaay| (2) rakta-pUrNa tallIna hokara gAyA jAya / (3) alaMkRta-svara vizeSa se alaMkRta hokara gAyA jAya / (4) vyakta-spaSTa gAyA jAya / (5) avidhuSTaM-aviparIta svara se gAyA jAya / (6) madhuraM - kokilA kI taraha madhura gAyA jaay| (7) sama-tAla, vaza, va svara se samatva gAyA jaay| (8) sulalitaM-komala svara se gAyA jaay| (2) pada-sama : pada vinyAsa se yukta / (3) tAla-sama : tAla ke anukUla kara Adi kA hilaanaa| (4) graha-sama : bAMsurI yA sitAra kI taraha gaanaa| (5) laya-sama : vAdya yaMtroM ke sAtha svara milA kara gaanaa| (6) nizvasittocchavasito-sama : zvAsa grahaNa karane aura nikAlane kA krama vyavasthita / (7) saMcAra-sama : vAdya yaMtroM ke sAtha gAnA / prakArAntara se anya ATha guNa : anya ATha guNa (1) urovizuddha-akSasthala se vizuddha hokara niklnaa| (2) kaNThavizuddha-jo svara bhaMga na ho| (3) zirovizuddha-mUrdhA ko prApta hokara bhI jo svara-nAsikA se mizrita nahIM hotaa| (4) mRduka-jo rAga komala svara se gAI jaay| (5) riMgita-AlApa ke kAraNa svara aThakheliyAM karatA sA pratIta ho|| (6) padabaddha-jo geya pada viziSTha lAlitya yukta bhASA meM nirmita kiye gaye hoN| (7) samatAla pratyutkSepa-nartakI kA pAda nikSepa aura tAla Adi paraspara mile hoN| (8) sapta svara somara-sAtoM svara akSarAdi se milAna khAte hoN| (1) nirdoSa-gIta ke vattIsa doSa se rahita gaanaa| (2) sAravantaM-viziSTha artha se yukta gaanaa| (3) hetuyukta-gIta se nibaddha, artha kA gamaka aura hetu yukt| (4) alaMkRtaM-upamAdi alaMkAroM se yukt| (5) upanItaM-upanaya se yukta / (6) sopacAraM kaThina na ho, vizuddha ho / (7) mitaM--saMkSipta va sAra yukta / (8) madhuraMbha--mogya zabdoM ke cayana se zrati madhura / . chanda ke tIna prakAra : (1) sama-cAroMpAda ke akSaroM kI saMkhyA smaan| . (2) arghasama-prathama aura tRtIya, dvitIya aura caturtha pAda samAna saMkhyA bAle hoN| 175
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________________ ho| (3) viSamasama-kisI bhI pAda kI saMkhyA eka SaDaja grAma ko sAta mUrcchanAe~ : dUsare se nahIM milatI ho| (1) mArgA (2) kauravI (3) haritA (4) ratnA sapta-svara : (5) sArakAntA (6) sArasI (7) zuddha ssddjaa| (1) SaDaja : nAsikA, kaMTha, chAtI, tAlu, jivhA, madhya grAma kI sAta mUrcchanAeM : dAMta ina chaha sthAnoM se utpanna / (1) uttaramaMdA (2) ratnA (3) uttarA (2) RSabha : jaba vAyu nAbhi se utpanna hokara (4) uttarAsamA (5) samakAntA (6) suvIrA kaNTha aura murvA se Takkara khAkara (7) amiruupaa| vRSabha ke zabda kI taraha nikalatA gAMdhAra grAma ko sAta mUrcchanAeM : (1) nadI (2) kSudrikA (3) pUrimA (4) zuddha (3) gAMdhAra : jaba vAyu nAbhi se utpanna hokara hRdaya aura kaNTha ko sparza karatA gAMdhAra (5) uttaragAMdhAra (6) suSThutara mAyAmA (7) uttarAyata kottiyaa| huA sagaMdha nikalatA ho / (4) madhyama : jo zabda nAbhi se utpanna hokara ra saMgIta-zAstra meM mUrcchanAoM ke nAma anya upalabdha hote ga hRdaya se Takkara khAkara puna: nAbhi meM pahuMce / arthAt andara hI andara (1) lalitA (2) madhyamA (3) citrA (4) gUMjatA rhe| rohiNI (5) mataMgajA (6) sauborI (7) ssnnmdhyaa| (5) paMcama : nAbhi, hRdaya, chAtI, kaMTha aura (1) paMcamA (2) matsarI (3) mRdumadhyamA sira ina pAMca sthAnoM se utpanna (4) zuddhA (5) atrA (6) kalAvatI (7) tIvA / hone vAlA svara / (1) raudrI (2, brAhmI (3) vaiSNavI (4) khevarI 16) ghevata : anya sabhI svaroM kA jisameM mela (5) sUrA (6) nAdAvatI (7) vishaalaa| ho, isakA apara nAma dhevata bhI hai| vartamAna kI upalabdhiyoM se vaidika granthoM ke AdhAra . (7) niSAda : jo svara apane teja se anya svaroM para bharata kA nATyazAstra Adi mAnA jAtA hai, jisameM ko dabA detA hai aura jisakA saMgIta vibhAga (28 saMgIta vibhAga (28 se 36 taka) hai| usameM gIta aura devatA sarya ho| vAdyoM kA vivaraNa pAyA jAtA hai kintu rAgoM ke nAma aura unakA vivaraNa nahIM batAyA gyaa| grAma aura mUrcchanAe~ : bharata ke ziSya dattila, kohala aura vizAkhiya ina sAta svaroM ke tIna grAma haiM : tInoM ne grantha kI racanA kI thii| prathama kA dattilam, (1) SaDaj grAma (2) madhya grAma tathA (3) dUsare kA kohalIyama aura tIsare kA vizA khiliyama gAMdhAra grAma / grantha thaa| vartamAna meM vizAkhilam aprApta hai| 176
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________________ madhyakAla meM hindustAnI aura karNATaka kI pa tiyoM kA pracAra huA aura usake sAtha AcAryoM ne saMgIta para aneka grantha bhI likhane prAraMbha kara diye / san 1200 meM saba paddhatiyoM kA maMthana kara zAraMgadeva ne, 'saMgIta ratnAkAra" nAmaka graMtha likhA / usa para chaH TIkA graMtha bhI likhe gye| inameM se cAra TIkA graMtha upalabdha nahIM haiM / ardhabhAgadhI ( prAkRta) meM racita "anuyoga dvAra" sUtra meM saMgIta viSayaka sAmagrI padma meM milatI hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki prAkRta saMskRta meM bhI aneka graMtha rahe hoMge kyoMki koI bhI graMtha likhane ke liye usake pUrva kI AdhArazilA Avazyaka rahatI hai| uparokta jaina AgamoM aura anya granthoM ke AdhAra para jaina AcAryoM ne bhI saMgIta para kucha granthoM ki racanA ati painI dRSTi se kI hai| "saMgIta samayasAra " ( yaha grantha trivendrama saMskRta prasthamAlA meM chApA gayA hai) / digambara jaina muni abhayacanda ke ziSya mahAdevAcArya aura unake ziSya pApavaMcandra ne "saMgIta samayasAra " nAma ke grantha kI racanA lagabhaga vi. saM. 1380 meM ko hai / isa grantha meM nava adhikaraNa hai, jinameM nAda, dhvani, sthAyI, rAga, vAdya, abhinaya, tAla, mastAra aura adhvayoga isa prakAra aneka viSayoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| isameM pratApa digambara aura zaMkaranAmaka granthoM kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai aura bhoja, sAmezvara, paramardI ina tIna rAjAoM kA nAma bhI pAyA jAtA hai| (vizeSa paricaya ke liye dekheM jaina siddhAMta bhAskara bhAga - 9 aMka-2 aura bhAga- 10 aMka-10 ) | - 'saMgItopaniSat sArodvAra" yaha grantha AcArya rAjazevara sUri ke ziSya sudhAkalaza ne vi. saM. 1406 meM likhA / yaha graMtha gAyakavAr3A AriyenTala sIrIja, bar3audA se prakAzita ho gayA hai / yaha grantha svayaM sudhAkalaza dvArA vi. saM. 1380 meM racita "saMgItopaniSada" kA svarUpa hai| isa graMtha meM 6 adhyAya haiM aura 610 zloka haiN| prathama adhyAya meM gIta prakAzana, dUsare meM prazasti saupAzraya-tAla prakAzana, tIsare meM guNasvara rAgAdi prakAzana aura chaTheM meM nitya paddhati prakAzana hai / yaha kRti "saMgIta makaraMda" aura saMgIta pArijAta se bhI viziSTatara aura adhika mahatva kI hai| isa graMtha meM naracandra sUri kA "saMgItajJa" ke rUpa meM bhI ullekha huA hai| prazasti meM apanI "saMgItopaniSat" racanA ke vi. saM. 1380 hone kA ullekha bhI hai / maladhArI, abhayadevasUri kI paramparA meM abhI candra sUri ho gaye haiM / ve saMgIta zAstra meM vizArada the, aisA ullekha sudhAkalaza muni ne kiyA hai| "saMgItopaniSata" AcArya rAjazekharasUri ke ziSya sudhAkalaza "saMgItopaniSata" grantha kI racanA saM. 1308 meM kI aisA ullekha granthakAra ne svayaM saM. 1406 meM apane "saMgItopaniSata sArodvAra" nAmaka grantha kI prazasti meM kiyA hai| yaha bahuta bar3A thA jo abhI taka upalabdha nahIM ho pAyA / sudhAkalaza ne " ekAkSaranAma mAlA" kI bhI racanA kI hai / "saMgIta maMDana " mAlavA mAMDavagar3ha ke sulatAna AlamazAha ke maMtrI maMDana ne vividha viSayoM para aneka graMtha likhe haiM / unameM 177
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________________ "saMgIta maMDala" mI eka hai / isa graMtha kI racanA saM. 1490 ke Asa-pAsa huI hai| isakI hasta likhita prati milatI hai| graMtha abhI taka aprakAzita hai / "saMgIta dIpaka, saMgIta ratnavAlI, saMgIta piMgala" ina tInoM graMthoM kA ullekha jaina granthAvalI meM milatA hai / parantu inake viSaya meM abhI taka nAma ke sivAya vizeSa jAnakArI nahIM milatI / nATya yo yaM svabhAvo lokasya sukha duHkha samanvitaH / sogAdyabhinaya yeto, nATyamityabhidhIyate / duHkhI, zokArta, zrAMta evaM tapasvI vyaktiyoM ko vizrAMta dene ke liye nATya kI sRSTi kI gyii| sukhaduHkha se yukta loka svabhAva hI AMgika, vAcika ityAdi abhinavoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa nATya kahalAtA hai| nATya mudrAyeM aura citrakalA prANiyoM ke liye eka vizeSa svAbhAvikatA rahI hai, jisake AdhAra para hI yaha apane mAnasika, vAcika aura kAvika bhAvoM kA dUsaroM para prabhAva DAlatA hai / nATyakalA, mudrAkalA aura saMgIta kalA ye tInoM kalA Apasa meM isa taraha milI huI haiM ki jisa prakAra sUrya se tApa yA prakAza alaga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| mAnava ke aMtaHsthala meM jana bhAvAveza kI jAgRti hotI hai / tadnukUla usakI mAnasika, vAcika tathA kAyika ceSTAyeM svataH svAbhAvika (necurala) prakaTa hone lagatI haiN| ye tInoM kalAyeM sIkhanI nahIM pdd'tii| vaha (mAnava) janma se hI sAtha lekara janmatA hai aura maraNoparAMta bhI punarjanma ke samaya usake sAtha banI rahatI haiN| loka AkarSaNa ke liye mAnasika pravRtti na hone para bhI vaisA bhAva dikhAnA jaba kabhI Avazyaka hotA hai aura usakA nirAkaraNa karanA bhI Avazyaka hotA hai aisI avasthA meM usameM vizeSa rUpa se zikSA-dIkSA Adi dekara sAdhaka kI ruci ke anusAra usameM use pravINa karA diyA jAtA hai| kisI bhI kArya kI pUrti ke liye mukhya do sAdhana hote haiN| prathama AMta rika tathA dUsarA vAhya vA sAdhana AMtarika kA pUraka hai| isaliye graMthoM kA prakAzana zikSA-dIkSA jitane bhI kArya kiye yA karAye jAte haiM, AMtarika bhAvoM kI jAgRti vizeSa ke liye hI hote haiN| vaha jAgRta avasthA cAhe bhautika vastu kI prApti ke liye ho athavA AdhyAtmika niHzraya mArga ko prApta karane ke liye ho; yaha to sAdhaka ke mAnasika vicAroM aura usake pakSa para hI AdhArita hai| RSi-muniyoM ne jo mArga darzana hameM karAyA unakA ekamAtra lakSya nizreya mArga arthAt apavarga mArga kA hI vizeSa lakSya rahA hai| paraMtu bhautika yA artha kI ora jinakA lakSya rahA, unhoMne isakA upayoga artha prApti ke liye hI kiyaa| isase ina kalAoM meM svAbhAvika guNa aura zakti kA hrAsa hone lagA hai kyoMki lakSya, loka ruci kI ora hone se loka ruci anusAra raMjakatA lAne ke liye ina rAgoM, mudrAoM aura nATya kalAoM meM parivartana karanA par3atA hai| isase ko vo baiThatI hai| vahAM kI vastukalA vAstavikatA se haTakara apane svarUpa "nATya darpaNa" kalikAla sarvajJa hemacandra sUri ke do ziSyoM kavi kahArayala viruddhadhAraka rAmacandra sUri aura unake guru mAI guNacandra gaNi ne milakara "nATyadarpaNa" kI racanA vi. saM. 1200 ke Asa-pAsa kI hai / nATyadarpaNa meM cAra viveka haiM jinameM saba milakara 207 padma hai| prathama viveka "nATyadarpaNa" meM nATaka saMbaMdhI saba bAtoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isameM 1 nATaka 2 prakaraNa, 3 nATikA, 4 prakaraNI, 5 vyAyoga, 6 sabhavakAra, 7 bhANa, 8 prahasana, 9 Dima, 10 uttakhAsti 178
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________________ kArtaka. 11 ihAmRtA tathA 12 vIthI-isa prakAra harizcandra (nATaka). (11) sudhAkalaza (koSa), (12) bAraha prakAra ke rUpaka batAye gaye haiN| pAMca avasthAoM Adidevastavana, (13) kumAra vihArazataka, (14) aura pAMca saMdhiyoM kA bhI ullekha hai| jinattetra, (15) nemistva, (16) manusubrastva, (17) yaduvilAsa, (18) siddha hemacandra, zabdAnuzAsana, laghudvitIya viveka "prakaraNAdyakAdazanirNaya nyAsa, (19) solaha sAdhAraNa jinastva, (20) se lekara bIthI taka ke 11 rUpakoM kA varNana hai| isameM prasAddhAtrizikara, (21) yugAdidvAtriMzikA, (22) vatti, rasa. bhAva aura abhinaya kA vivecana hai| vyatirekadvAtriMzikA, (23) prabaMdhazata-yaha graMtha abhI taka aprApta hai| tRtIya viveka "vRttirasa-bhAvAbhinaya vicAra" meM / cAra vRttiyoM, nava rasoM, nava sthAyI bhAvoM, taitIsa __ "AcArya darpaNavatti" vyabhicArI bhAvoM, rasa Adi ATha anubhAvoM aura abhinavoM kA nirUpaNa hai| ... AcArya rAmacandra sari aura guNa candra gaNi ne apane nATyadarpaNa para svoSajJa vivRtti kI racanA kI caturtha viveka "sarvarUpaka sAdhAraNa lakSaNa nirNaya" hai| isameM rUpakoM ke udAharaNa 55 granthoM meM diye gaye meM sabhI rUpakoM ke lakSaNa batAye gaye haiN| haiM / svaracita kRtiyoM se bhI udAharaNa liye haiN| isameM uparUpakoM ke svarUpa kA Alekha kiyA gayA hai| AcArya rAmacandra sUri samartha Azukavi ke rUpa meM prasiddha the; guNa-doSo ke bar3e parIkSaka the| inhoMne nATaka dhanaMjaya ke "dazarUpaka" graMthoM ko Adarza rUpa meM Adi aneka graMthoM kI racanA kii| guru hemacandracArya ne rakhakara rakhakara yaha vivRtti likhI gayI hai| bittikAra ne vitalilikhI gayI jina nATaka Adi granthoM para nahIM likhA thA una viSayoM kahIM-kahIM ghanaMjaya ke mata se bhinna mata bhI pradarzita kiyA para inhoMne apanI lekhanI calAI / ye prabaMdha zatakartA bhI hai| bharata ke mATaya meM pUrvApara virodha hai. aisA bhI mAne gaye haiN| prabaMdha zataka grantha abhI taka prApta nahIM ullekha kiyA hai| apane garu AcArya hemacandrAcArya ke haA hai| aise samaya kavi kI akAla mRtyu saM. 1230 "kAvyAnuzAsana" meM bhI kahIM-kahIM bhinna mata kA bhI ke Asa-pAsa rAjA ajayapAla ke nimitta huii| aisI nirUpaNa milatA hai / isa dRSTi se yaha kRti vizeSa taura sacanA prabaMdha se milatI hai| inake gurubhAI guNacandra se adhyayana karane yogya hai| nATyadarpaNa svapota vivRtti sari bhI samartha vidvAna the| unhoMne "savRttika dravyA- ke sAtha gAyakavADA oriyenTala sIrIja meM do bhAgoM meM laMkAra" AcArya rAmacandra sUri ke sAtha racanA kI hai| chapA hai| isa grantha kA ke. eca. trivedikRta Aloca nAtmaka adhyayana lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya AcArya rAmacandra sUri ne jo grantha likhe haiM, unameM saMskRti vidyAmaMdira, ahamadAbAda, se prakAzita huA hai| vartamAna samaya meM nimnalikhita grantha upalabdha haiM : "prabaMdha zataka" (1) kaumudImiyANaMda (prakaraNa), (2) nalavilAsa (nATaka), (3) nirbhaya, (4) mallikAmakaraMda (prakaraNa), AcArya hemacandra sUri ke ziSyatva AcArya rAma(5) yAdavAbhyudaya (nATaka), (6) raghuvilAsa (nATaka), candra sUri ne 'nATyadarpaNa" ke atirikta nATyazAstra (7) rAghavAbhyudaya (nATaka), (8) rohiNI mRgAMka viSayaka "prabaMdha zataka" nAmaka graMtha kI bhI racanA kI (prakaraNa), (9) banamAlA (nATikA), (10) satya- thI jo aprApya hai / 176
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________________ "kalA-kalApa". "citravarNa saMgraha vAyaDa gacchIya jinadata sUri ke ziSya amaracandra somarAja racita "ratna parIkSA" grantha ke aMta meM sUri kI kRtiyoM ke bAre meM prabaMdha koza meM ullekha haiM, "citravarNa" saMgraha ke 42 zlokoM kA prakaraNa atyaMta jisaneM "kalA-kalApa" nAmaka kRti kA bhI nirdeza hai / upayogI hai| isa graMtha kA zAstra rUpa meM ullekha hai / parantu abhI taka yaha aprApya hai| isameM 72 yA 74 prakaraNoM kA nirUpaNa isameM mittacitra banAne ke liye bhitti kaisI honI hai, aisI saMbhAvanA hai / cAhiye, raMga kaisA banAnA cAhiye, ityAdi byorevAra varNana hai| "masI-vicAra" "masI-vicAra" nAmaka grantha jesalemara bhaMDAra meM hai, guphAoM meM aura rAjA-mahArAjoM tathA zreSThiyoM ke jisameM tADapatra aura kAgaja para likhane kI syAhI prasAdoM meM citroM ko jo Alekhita kiyA jAtA thA, banAne kI prakriyA batAyI gayI hai| isakA jaina granthAusakI vidhi isa choTe se graMtha se banAI gaI hai| yaha valI . 362 meM ullekha hai| prakaraNa aprakAzita hai| 18