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________________ jainadarzana meM vara-cintana subhASa muni 'sumana' jainAcArya sat, tattva, artha, dravya, padArtha, tattvArtha Adi zabdoM kA prayoga prAyaH eka hI artha meM karate rahe haiN| jainadarzana meM tattva - sAmAnya ke liye ina sabhI zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| jainadarzana tattva aura sat ko ekArthaka mAnatA hai| dravya aura sat meM bhI koI bheda nahIM hai, yaha bAta umAsvAti ke "sat dravyalakSaNam" isa sUtra se siddha hotI hai / tattva ko cAhe sat kahiye, cAhe dravya kahiye / sattA sAmAnya kI dRSTi se saba sat hai / isI dRSTikoNa ko sAmane rakhate huye yaha kahA gayA hai ki saba eka haiM, kyoMki saba sat haiN| isI bAta ko dIrghatamA RSi ne ekaM sad viprA bahudhA vadanti sat to eka hai kintu vidvAn usakA kaI prakAra se varNana karate haiM-- aisA kahA sthAnAMgasUtra meM isI siddhAnta ko dUsarI taraha se samajhAyA gayA hai| vahA~ para "eka AtmA" aura "eka loka" kI bAta kahI gayI hai| " sat kA svarUpa sat ke svarUpa kA vizleSaNa karate hue tatvArtha sUtrakAra ne kahA ki sat utpAda vyaya aura provyayukta hai| dhAge jAkara isI bAta ko, "guNa aura paryAya vAlA dravya hai" isa prakAra kahA / utpAda aura vyaya ke sthAna para paryAya AyA aura prauvya ke sthAna para guNa / utpAda aura vyaya parivartana ke sUcaka haiM / ghrauvya nityatA kI sUcanA detA hai / guNa nityatA vAcaka hai aura paryAya parivartana sUcaka kisI bhI vastu ke do rUpa hote haiM--ekatA aura anekatA, nirayatA aura anityatA, sthAyitva aura parivartanazIlatA, sadRzatA aura visadRzatA / inameM se prathama pakSa dhrauvyasUcaka hai-- guNa sUcaka hai| dvitIya pakSa utpAda vyapasUcaka hai-paryAyasUcaka hai| vastu ke sthAyitva meM ekarUpatA hotI hai, sthiratA hotI hai| parivartana meM pUrva rUpa kA vinAza hotA hai, uttara rUpa kI utpatti hotI hai / vinAza aura utpatti ke rahate hue bhI vastu sarvathA naSTa nahIM hotI aura na sarvathA navIna hI utpanna hotI hai / vinAza aura utpAda ke bIca eka prakAra kI sthiratA rahatI hai / dravya aura paryAya jaina sAhitya meM dravya zabda kA prayoga sAmAnya ke liye bhI huA hai / jAti athavA sAmAnya ko prakaTa karane ke liye dravya aura vyakti athavA vizeSa ko prakaTa karane ke liye paryAyazabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / dravya athavA sAmAnya do prakAra kA hai-tiryak sAmAnya aura UrdhvatA sAmAnya / eka hI kAla meM sthita aneka dezoM meM rahane vAle aneka padArthoM meM jo samAnatA kI anubhUti hotI hai, vaha tiryak sAmAnya hai / jaba kAlakRta nAnA avasthAoM meM kisI dravya kA ekatva yA anvaya
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________________ jainadarzana meM tattva-cintana / 195 vivakSita ho, eka vizeSa padArtha kI aneka avasthAoM kI ekatA yA dhrauvya apekSita ho, taba usa ekatva athavA dhrauvyasUcaka aMza ko UrdhvatA-sAmAnya kahA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra dravya yA sAmAnya do prakAra kA hai, usI prakAra paryAya athavA vizeSa bhI do prakAra kA hai| tiryaka sAmAnya ke sAtha rahane vAle jo vizeSa vivakSita hoM ve tiryak-vizeSa haiM aura UrdhvatA sAmAnyAzrita jo paryAya hoM ve UrdhvatAvizeSa haiN| dravya ke UrdhvatA sAmAnyAzrita paryAyoM ko pariNAma bhI kahA jAtA hai| bhagavatIsUtra aura prajJApanAsUtra meM isa prakAra ke pariNAmoM kA varNana hai| vizeSa aura pariNAma donoM dravya ke paryAya haiM kyoMki donoM parivartanazIla haiN| pariNAma meM kAla-bheda kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai, jabaki vizeSa meM deza-bheda mukhya hotA hai| jo kAla kI dRSTi se pariNAma haiM, ve hI deza dRSTi se vizeSa haiM / isa prakAra paryAya, vizeSa, pariNAma, utpAda aura vyaya prAyaH ekArthaka haiM / dravya kI vividha avasthAnoM meM ina sabhI zabdoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| dravya aura paryAya kA svarUpa samajha lene ke bAda yaha jAnanA bhI Avazyaka hai ki dravya aura paryAya kA sambandha kyA hai ? dravya aura paryAya bhinna haiM yA abhinna ? isa prazna ko sAmane rakhate hue bhagavatIsatra meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke ziSyoM aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ziSyoM meM hae eka vivAda kA varNana hai| pArzvanAtha ke ziSya yaha kahate haiM ki unake pratipakSI sAmAyika kA artha nahIM jAnate / mahAvIra ke ziSya unheM samajhAte haiM ki "AtmA hI sAmAyika hai| AtmA hI sAmAyika kA artha hai|" yahA~ para AtmA eka dravya hai aura sAmAyika prAtmA kI avasthA vizeSa hai arthAta paryAya hai| sAmAyika prAtmA se bhinna nahIM hai arthAt paryAya dravya se bhinna nahIM hai| yaha dravya aura paryAya kI abhedadRSTi hai / isa dRSTi kA samarthana prApekSika hai| kisI apekSA se AtmA aura sAmAyika donoM eka haiM, kyoMki sAmAyika AtmA kI hI eka avasthA hai-prAtmaparyAya hai / anyatra dravya aura paryAya ke bheda kA bhI samarthana kiyA gayA hai| "paryAya asthira hone para bhI dravya sthira rahatA hai", isa vAkya se spaSTa bheda-dRSTi jhalakatI hai / yadi dravya aura paryAya kA sarvathA abheda hotA to paryAya ke naSTa hote hI dravya bhI naSTa ho jAtA / isakA artha yaha hai ki paryAya hI dravya nahIM hai| dravya aura paryAya kathaMcit bhinna bhI haiM / dravya kI paryAya badalatI rahatI hai, kintu dravya apane Apa meM nahIM bdltaa| dravya kA guNa kabhI naSTa nahIM hotA, bhale hI usakI avasthAeM miTatI raheM aura paidA hotI rheN| paryAya-dRSTi kI pradhAnatA se dravya aura paryAya ke bheda kA samarthana kiyA jA sakatA hai aura dravya-dRSTi kI pradhAnatA se dravya aura paryAya ke abheda kI puSTi kI jA sakatI hai| dRSTi-bheda se dravya aura paryAya ke bheda aura abheda kI kalpanA karanA hI bhagavAna mahAvIra ko abhISTa thaa| isa prakAra AtmA aura jJAna ke viSaya meM bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ne vahI bAta khii| jJAna prAtmA kA eka guNa hai| vaha sadaiva sthira rahatA hai kintu usakI avasthAoM meM parivartana hotA rahatA hai| phira bhI jJAna kI prAtmA se bhinna svataMtra sattA nahIM hai / vaha AtmA kA hI * eka aMza-vizeSa hai| isa dRSTi se jJAna aura AtmA abhinna haiM / yadi AtmA aura jJAna meM ekAnta abheda hotA to unameM guNa-guNI bhAva na hotaa| aisI avasthA meM aneka dharmAtmaka aAtmA-dravya kI upalabdhi na hotii| yadi jJAna aura prAtmA meM ekAnta bheda hotA to eka vyakti ke jJAna aura dUsare vyakti ke jJAna meM koI antara na hotaa| eka vyakti ke jJAna | dhammo dIto saMsAra samudra meM dharma hI dIpa hai| W inelibrary.org
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________________ caturthakhaNDa / 196 kI smRti dUsare vyakti ko ho jAtI athavA usa vyakti ke jJAna kA smaraNa use svayaM ko bhI na ho paataa| aisI avasthA meM jJAna ke kSetra meM arAjakatA aura avyavasthA ho jaatii| isaliye jJAna aura prAtmA kA kathaMcit bheda aura kathaMcit prabheda mAnanA hI ucita hai| dravya-dRSTi se jJAna aura mAmA kA abheda mAnanA cAhiye aura paryAya dRSTi se donoM kA bheda mAnanA cAhiye | AtmA ke pATha bhedoM kI bAta bhagavatI sUtra meM kahI gaI hai| gautama svAmI bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchate haiM-he bhagavan ! AtmA ke kitane prakAra haiM? mahAvIra uttara dete hai-gautama ! AtmA ko ATha prakAra kA kahA gayA hai / ve ATha prakAra ye haiM- dravyAtmA, kaSAyAtmA, yogAtmA, upayogAtmA, jJAnAtmA, darzanAtmA, cAritrAtmA aura vIryAtmA / ye bheda dravya aura paryAya donoM dRSTiyoM se haiN| dravyAtmA dravyadRSTi se aura zeSa sAta paryAyadRSTi se isa prakAra kI aneka carcAe~ jaina dArzanika sAhitya meM milatI haiM, jinase dravya aura paryAya ke sambandha kA patA lagatA hai / dravya paryAya eka dUsare se isa prakAra mile hue haiM ki eka ke binA dUsare kI sthiti asambhava hai / dravya-rahita paryAya kI upalabdhi nahIM ho sakatI usI prakAra paryAya rahita dravya kI upalabdhi bhI asambhava hai ! jahA~ paryAya hogA vahAM dravya avazya hogA, jahA~ dravya hogA vahA~ usakA koI na koI paryAya avazya hogA / - bhedAbhedavAda 1 darzana ke kSetra meM bheda dhaura prabheda ko lekara mukhya rUpa se cAra pakSa bana sakate haiN| eka pakSa kevala bheda kA samarthana karatA hai, dUsarA pakSa kevala prabheda ko svIkRta karatA hai, tIsarA pakSa bheda aura abheda donoM ko mAnatA hai, cauthA pakSa bheda - viziSTa abheda kA samarthana karatA hai / bheda aura prabheda kA yathArtha samanvaya jainadarzana kI viziSTa dena haiN| jaba hama bhedAbhedavAda kI vyAkhyA karate haiM, to usakA artha hotA hai bhedaviziSTa prabheda aura abhedaviziSTa bheda bheda aura abheda donoM samAna rUpa se sat haiM / jisa prakAra abheda vAstavika hai, ThIka usI prakAra bheda vAstavika hai / jahA~ bheda hai vahA~ prabheda hai, jahA~ prabheda hai vahA~ bheda hai / bheda aura prabheda svAbhAva se hI eka dUsare se mile hue haiN| pratyeka padArtha svamAva se hI samAnya vizeSAtmaka hai -- bhedAbhedAtmaka hai-- nityAnityAtmaka hai| jo sat hai vaha bhedAbhedAtmaka hai / pratyeka padArtha sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka hai / vastu yA tattva ko kevala bhedAtmaka kahanA ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki koI bhI bheda binA prabheda ke upalabdha nahIM hotaa| bheda aura prabheda ko do mAnanA bhI ThIka nahIM, kyoMki ve bhinna-bhinna upalabdha nahIM hote aura unakoM jor3ane vAlA koI anya padArtha bhI upalabdha nahIM hotA / tasva kathaMcid sadRza hai, kathaMcit visadRza virUpa hai, kathaMcit vAcya hai-kathaMcit pravAcya hai, kathaM cit sat hai - kathaMcit prasat hai / ye jitane bhI dharma haiM, vastu ke apane dharma haiM / ina dharmoM kA kahIM bAhara se sambandha sthApita nahIM hotA hai| vastu svayaM sAmAnya aura vizeSarUpa hai, bhinna aura abhinna hai, eka aura aneka hai, nitya aura kSaNika haiM / dravya sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM kA samanvaya hai / koI bhI vastu ina donoM rUpoM ke binA upalabdha nahIM ho sakatI / dravya kA vargIkaraNa dravya ke kitane bheda ho sakate haiM ? isa prazna kA uttara aneka taraha se diyA jA sakatA hai| jahA~ taka dravya sAmAnya kA prazna hai, saba eka haiN| vahA~ kisI prakAra kI bheda- kalpanA
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________________ jainadarzana meM tattvacintana / 197 utpanna hI nahIM hotii| jo dravya hai, vaha sat hai aura tattva hai| sattAsAmAnya kI dRSTi se jar3a aura cetana, eka aura aneka, sAmAnya aura vizeSa, guNa aura paryAya saba eka hai| yaha dRSTikoNa saMgrahanaya kI dRSTi se satya hai / saMgraha-naya sarvatra abheda dekhatA hai / bheda kI upekSA karake abheda kA jo grahaNa hai vaha saMgraha-naya kA kArya hai| abhedagrAhI saMgraha-naya bheda kA niSedha nahIM karatA apitu bheda ko apane kSetra se bAhara samajhatA hai / isa naya kA antima viSaya sattA sAmAnya hai| pratyeka dravya sat hai / sattA sAmAnya kA grahaNa ekatA kA antima sopAna hai, jahA~ sAre bheda bhedarUpa se sat hote hue bhI abheda rUpa se pratibhAsisa hote haiN| sattA bhedoM ko naSTa nahIM karatI, apitu unameM ekatva aura sadbhAva sthApita karatI hai| yadi hama dvaitadaSTi se dekheM to dravya ko do rUpoM meM dekha sakate haiM / ye do rUpa haiM-jIva aura ajIva / caitanya-dharma vAlA jIva hai aura usase viparIta ajIva hai| isa prakAra sArA loka do bhAgoM meM vibhakta ho jAtA hai| caitanya lakSaNa vAle jitane bhI dravyavizeSa haiM, ve saba jIva vibhAga ke antargata prA jAte haiN| jinameM caitanya nahIM hai, isa prakAra ke jitane bhI dravyavizeSa haiM, una saba kA samAveza ajIva vibhAga ke antargata ho jAtA hai| jIva aura ajIva ke anya bheda karane para dravya ke chaha bheda bhI hote haiN| jIva dravya arUpI hai| ajIva dravya ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM-rUpI aura arUpI / rUpI dravya ko pudgala kahA gayA / arUpI ke punaH cAra bheda hue-dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, addhAsamayakAla / isa prakAra dravya ke kula 6 bheda ho jAte haiM-pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura praddhAsamaya / ina chaha dravyoM meM se prathama pAMca dravya astikAya haiM aura chaThA anastikAya hai / "asti" aura "kAya" ina donoM zabdoM se astikAya banatA hai| asti kA artha hai pradeza honA aura kAya kA artha hai aneka pradezoM kA smuuh| jahAM aneka pradezoM kA samUha hotA hai vaha astikAya kahA jAtA hai / pudgala kA eka aNu jitanA sthAna [prAkAza] gheratA hai use pradeza kahate haiN| yaha eka pradeza kA parimANa hai| isa prakAra ke aneka pradeza jisa dravya meM pAe jAte haiM, vaha dravya astikAya kahA jAtA hai| isa nApa se pudgala ke atirikta anya pAMcoM dravya bhI nApe jA sakate haiM / yadyapi jIvAdidravya prarUpI hai, kintu unakI sthiti AkAza meM hai aura prAkAza sva-pratiSThita hai / ataH unakA parimANa samajhAne ke lie nApA jA sakatA hai / pudgaladravya ko chor3akara zeSa dravyoM kA indriyoM se grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA, kintu buddhi se unakA parimANa nApA evaM samajhA jA sakatA hai| dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudgala aura jIva ke aneka pradeza hote haiM / ataH ye pAMca dravya astikAya kahe jAte haiN| ina pradezoM ko avayava bhI kaha sakate haiM / aneka avayava vAle dravya astikAya haiN| addhAsamaya aneka pradezoM vAlA eka akhaNDa dravya nahIM hai| usake svataMtra aneka pradeza haiN| pratyeka pradeza svataMtra rUpa se apanA kArya karatA hai| unameM eka avayavI kI kalpanA nahIM kI gaI, apitu svataMtra rUpa se sAre kAlapradezoM ko bhinna-bhinna dravya mAnA gayA hai| isa prakAra yaha kAladravya eka dravya na hokara aneka dravya haiM / lakSaNa kI samAnatA se sabako "kAla" aisA eka nAma de diyA gyaa| dharma prAdi dravyoM ke samAna kAla eka davya nahIM hai| isIlie kAla ko anastikAya kahA gayA hai| pudgala jise sAmAnyatayA jar3a yA bhautika kahA jAtA hai, vahI jainadarzana meM pudgala zabda se vyavahRta hotA hai| pudgala zabda meM do pada hai-"puda" aura "gala" / pud kA artha hotA hai zambho dIyo saMsAra samudra meM al hI dIya
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________________ caturthakhaNDa / 198 pUraNa arthAt vRddhi aura gala kA artha hotA hai galana arthAta hAsa / jo dravya pUraNa aura galana dvArA vividha prakAra se parivartita hotA hai vaha pudgala hai| pudgala ke mukhya cAra dharma hote haiMsparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa / pudgala ke pratyeka paramANu meM ye cAroM dharma hote haiM / inake jainadarzana meM bIsa bheda kie jAte haiM / sparza ke ATha bheda hote haiM-mRdu, kaThina, guru, laghu, zIta, uSNa, snigdha aura rUkSa / rasa ke pA~ca bheda hote haiM--tikta, kaTuka, Amla, madhura aura kaSAya / gandha do prakAra kI hai- surabhigandha aura durabhigandha / varNa ke pAMca prakAra haiM-nIla, pIta, zukla, kRSNa aura lohita / ye bIsa mukhya bheda haiN| taratamatA ke AdhAra para inakA saMkhyAta prasaMkhyAta aura ghananta bhedoM meM vibhAjana ho makatA hai / pudgala ke mukhyatayA do bheda hote haiM-aNu aura skandha / pudgala kA vaha antima bhAga, jisakA phira vibhAga na ho sake, aNu kahA jAtA hai / eka aNu meM eka rasa, eka varNa, eka gandha aura do sparza hote haiM / skandha zraNutroM kA samudAya hai / pudgala kA kArya 1 pudgala ke kucha viziSTa kArya haiM ye kArya haiM-zabda, bandha, saumya sthaulya, saMsthAna, bheda, tama, chAyA, ghAtapa aura udyota saMsArI AtmA pudgala ke binA nahIM raha sktii| jaba taka jIva saMsAra meM bhramaNa karatA hai, taba taka pudgala aura jIva kA sambandha vicchedya hai / " vudgala zarIra nirmANa kA upAdAna kAraNa hai| praudArika, vaikriya aura grAhArakavargaNA se kramaza: praudArika, vaikriya aura AhAraka zarIra banate haiM tathA zvAsocchvAsa kA nirmANa hotA hai| tejovagaMNA se tejasa zarIra banatA hai| bhASAvagaMNA vANo kA nirmANa karatI hai manovargaNA se mana kA nirmANa hotA hai / karmavargaNA se kArmaNa zarIra banatA hai / " tithaMca aura manuSya kA sthUla zarIra baudArika zarIra hai| udAra arthAt sthUla hone ke kAraNa isakA nAma pradArika hai| rakta, mAMsa Adi isa zarIra ke lakSaNa haiM / devagati aura narakagati meM utpanna hone vAle jIvoM ke baiMkiya zarIra hotA hai| ina jIvoM ke atirikta labdhiprApta manuSya aura tiryaMca bhI isa zarIra ko prApta kara sakate haiN| yaha zarIra indriyoM kA viSaya nahIM hotaa| bhinna-bhinna AkAroM meM parivartita honA isa zarIra kI vizeSatA hai| isameM rakta, mAMsa yAdi kA sarvathA prabhAva hotA hai / sUkSma padArtha ke jJAna ke liye athavA kisI zaMkA ke samAdhAna ke liye pramatta saMyata [ muni ] eka viziSTa zarIra kA nirmANa karatA hai / yaha zarIra bahuta dUra taka jAtA hai aura zaMkA ke samAdhAna ke sAtha punaH apane sthAna para yA jAtA hai| ise AhAraka zarIra kahate haiM / / tejasa zarIra eka prakAra ke viziSTa pudgala paramANuoM [tejovagaMNA] se banatA hai| jaTharAgni kI zakti isI zarIra kI zakti hai|
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________________ jainadarzana ke tatva-cintana | 199 kArmaNa zarIra mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika sabhI prakAra kI pravRtiyoM kA mUla hai| yaha pATha prakAra ke karmoM se banatA hai| uparyakta pA~ca prakAroM meM se hama apanI indriyoM se kevala praudArika zarIra kA jJAna kara sakate haiN| zeSa zarIra itane sUkSma haiM ki hamArI indriyA~ unakA grahaNa nahIM kara sktiiN| atIndriyajJAnI hI unakA pratyakSa kara sakatA hai| dharma jIva aura pudgala gati karate haiM / isa gati ke lie kisI na kisI mAdhyama kI AvazyakatA hai| yaha mAdhyama dharma dravya hai| cUMki yaha astikAya hai, isalie ise dharmAstikAya bhI kahate haiN| gati to jIva aura pudgala hI karate haiM, kintu unakI gati meM jo sahAyaka kAraNa haimAdhyama hai vaha dharma haiN| yadi binA dharma ke bhI gati ho sakatI to mukta jIva alokAkAza meM bhI pahu~ca jAtA / alokAkAza meM AkAza ke sivAya koI dravya nahIM hai| mukta jIva svabhAva se hI UdhvaM gati vAlA hotA hai| aisA hote hue bhI vaha loka ke anta taka jAkara ruka jAtA hai, kyoMki pralokAkAza meM dharmAstikAya nahIM hai| dharmAstikAya ke abhAva meM gati nahIM ho sktii| rAjavAtikakAra ke anusAra svayaM kriyA karane vAle jIva aura pudgala kI jo sahAyatA karatA hai vaha dharma hai| yaha nitya hai, avasthita hai aura prarUpI hai| nitya kA artha hai, tadbhAvAvyaya / gati [kriyA meM sahAyatA dene rUpa bhAva se kabhI cyuta nahIM honA hI dharma kA tadbhAvAvyaya hai / avasthita kA artha hai jitane pradeza haiM utane hI pradezoM kA hamezA rahanA / dharma ke asaMkhyAta pradeza haiN| ve pradeza hamezA asaMkhyAta hI rahate haiN| sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa rahita arUpI dravya hai| dharmAstikAya pUrA eka dravya hai / jIvAdi kI taraha dharma bhinna-bhinna rUpa se nahIM rahatA, apitu eka akhaNDa dravya ke rUpa meM rahatA hai / yaha sAre loka meM vyApta hai / adharma jisa prakAra gati meM dharma kAraNa hai usI prakAra sthiti meM adharma kAraNa hai| jIva aura pudgala jaba sthitizIla hone vAle hote haiM taba adharma drabya unakI sahAyatA karatA hai| jisa prakAra dharma ke abhAva meM gati nahIM ho sakatI, usI prakAra adharma ke prabhAva meM sthiti nahIM ho sakatI / adharma bhI eka akhaNDa dravya hai| isake asaMkhyAta pradeza haiM / dharma kI taraha yaha bhI sarvalokavyApI hai| AkAza jo dravya jIva, pUdagala, dharma, adharma aura kAla ko sthAna detA hai vaha AkAza hai / yaha sarvavyApI hai, eka hai, amUrta hai aura ananta pradezoM vAlA hai| isameM sabhI dravya rahate haiN| yaha prarUpI hai| prAkAza ke do vibhAga haiM-lokAkAza aura alokAkAza / AkAza ke jisa bhAga meM jIvAdi dravyoM kA astitva dekhA jAtA hai vaha loka hai| loka rUpa jo AkAza hai, vaha lokAkAza hai| jisa AkAza meM yaha nahIM hotA vaha pralokAkAza hai, vastuta: sArA AkAza eka hai, akhaNDa hai, sarvavyApI hai| usameM koI bheda nahIM ho sktaa| bheda kA prAdhAra anya dravya haiN| AkAza kI dRSTi se lokAkAza aura alokAkAza meM koI bheda nahIM hai| AkAza sarvatra eka rUpa hai| dhammo dIvo saMsAra samudra meM dharma hI dIya hai| www.jaimellorary.org
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________________ caturtha khaNDa / 200 AkAza ko kucha dArzanikoM ne svataMtra dravya mAnA hai aura kucha ne nahIM maanaa| jinhoMne use svatantra dravya mAnA hai unameM se kisI ne bhI jainadarzana kI taraha lokAkAza aura alokAkAza ke rUpa meM nahIM mAnA / pAzcAtya darzanazAstra ke itihAsa meM "rikta prAkAza hai yA nahIM" isa viSaya para kAphI vivAda hai, kintu isa DhaMga ke do alaga-alaga vibhAga vahA~ bhI nahIM milate haiN| addhAsamaya parivartana kA jo kAraNa hai use zraddhAsamaya yA kAla kahate haiM / kAla kI vyAkhyA do dRSTiyoM se kI jA sakatI hai| dravya kA svajAti ke parityAga ke vinA vaisasika aura prAyogika vikArarUpa pariNAma vyavahAradRSTi se kAla ko siddha karatA hai| pratyeka dravya parivartita hotA rahatA hai| parivartanoM ke hote hue bhI usakI jAti kA kabhI vinAza nahIM hotA / isa prakAra ke parivartana pariNAma kahe jAte haiM / ina pariNAmoM kA jo kAraNa hai vaha kAla hai / yaha vyavahAra dRSTi se kAla kI vyAkhyA huI / pratyeka dravya aura paryAya kI pratikSaNabhAvI svasattAnubhUti vartanA hai| isa vartanA kA kAraNa kAla hai| yaha kAla kI pAramArthika vyAkhyA hai| pratyeka dravya utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyAtmaka vRtti vAlA hai| yaha vRtti pratikSaNa rahatI hai / yahI pAramArthika kAla kA kArya hai| kAla kA artha hai parivartana / parivartana ko samajhane ke liye anvaya kA jJAna honA Avazyaka hai / aneka parivartanoM meM eka prakAra kA anvaya rahatA hai / isI anvaya ke AdhAra para yaha jAnA jA sakatA hai ki isa vastu meM parivartana huA / yadi anvaya na ho to kyA parivartana huA, kisameM parivartana huaA, isakA jarA bhI jJAna nahIM ho sakatA / isI kAla ke AdhAra para hama ghaMTA, minaTa, sekaNDa Adi vibhAga karate haiM / yaha vyAvahArika kAla hai / pAramArthika yA nizcaya dRSTi se pratyeka padArtha kA kSaNikatva kAla kA dyotaka hai / kSaNa-kSaNa meM padArtha meM parivartana hotA rahatA hai, yaha parivartana bauddha sammata parivartana kI taraha aikAntika na hokara dhrauvyayukta hai / isa prakAra donoM dRSTiyoM se kAla kA lakSaNa parivartana hai| kAla asaMkhyAta pradeza pramANa hotA hai| ye pradeza eka avayavI ke pradeza nahIM haiM, apitu svatantra rUpa se sat hai| isIlie kAla ko anastikAya kahA gayA hai| lokAkAza ke pratyeka pradeza para eka-eka kAla pradeza baiThA hayA hai| ratnoM kI rAzi kI taraha lokAkAza ke eka-eka kAla pradeza para jo eka-eka dravya sthita hai vaha kAla hai / vaha asaMkhyAta dravya pramANa hai / isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki kAla eka dravya nahIM hai, apitu asaMkhyAta dravya pramANa hai / parivartana kI dRSTi se yadyapi kAla ke sabhI pradezoM kA eka svabhAva hai, tathApi ve paraspara bhinna haiN| ve saba milakara eka avayavI kA nirmANa nahIM karate / jisa prakAra upayoga sabhI AtmAoM kA svabhAva hai, kintu sabhI AtmAeM bhinna-bhinna haiM, usI prakAra vartanA lakSaNa kA sAmya hote hue bhI pratyeka kAla bhinna-bhinna hai / jIvatva sAmAnya ko lekara sabhI AtmAoM ko jIva kahA jAtA hai, usI prakAra kAlatva [vartanA] sAmAnya kI dRSTi se sabhI kAloM ko kAla kahA gayA hai / ataH kAla vartanAsAmAnya kI dRSTi se asaMkhyAta haiN|' jainadarzana pratipAdita tattva kA yaha vivecana atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| tattva kA ThIka svarUpa samajhe binA anya viSayoM kA yathArtha jJAna honA kaThina hai| isalie tattvajJAna Avazyaka hai| 1. katipaya prAcArya kAla ko jIva aura ajIva ke paryAya rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| lokAkAza ke eka-eka pradeza meM eka-eka kAlANu kI vidyamAnatA nahIM mAnate / prAgamoM meM chaha dravya svIkRta haiM kintu kAla kA vistRta vivecana nahIM miltaa| -sampAdaka 01