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________________ 130 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 11 (a) sNsaarinnstrssthaavraaH| pRthivyambuvanaspatayaH sthaavraa| tejovAyudvIndriyAdayazca trsaaH| - tattvArthasUtra (bhASyamAnya pATha) 9/12-14 (ba) pRthivyaptejAvAyuvanaspatayaH sthaavraaH| - vahI, sarvArthasiddhimAnya pATha 9/12 12. tattvArthasUtra, sarvArthasiddhi TIkA 9/12 13. ti thAvarataNujogA apilANalakAiyA ya tesu tsaa| maNa pariNAma virahidA jIvA eiMdiyA nneyaa|| -111 14 (a) se kiM thAvarA?, tivihA panntA, taMjahA-puDhavikAiyA AukkAiyA vnnssikaaiyaa|| - jIvAbhigama prathama pratipattisUtra 10 (ba) se kiM taM tasA ? tivihA paNNattA, taMjahA - teukkAiyA vAukkAiyA orAlA tasA paannaa|| - vahI, sUtra 22 (sa) gatitraseSvantarbhAvavivakSaNAta, tejovAyUnAM labdhyA sthAvarANAmapi satAM-TIkA (a), jassa kammassudaeNa jIvANaM saMcaraNAsaMcaraNabhAvo hodi taM kammaM tsnnaam| jassa kammassudaeNa jIvANaM thAvarataM hodi taM kammaM thAvaraM nnaam| Au-teu-vAukAiyANaM saMcaraNovalaMbhAdo Na tasattamatthi, tesiM gamaNapariNAmassa paarinnaamiyttaado| - SaTkhaNDAgama 5/5/101, khaNDa 5, bhAga 1,2,3, pustaka 13, pR. 365 (ba). jassa kammassa udaeNa jIvANaM tasattaM hodi, tassa kammassa tasetti saNNAM, kAraNe kjjuvyaaraado| jadi tasaNAmakamamaM Na hojja, to bIiMdiyAdINamabhAvo hojjA Na ca evaM, tesimublbhaa| jassa kammassa udaeNa jIvoM thAvarattaM paDivajjadi tamsa kammassa thaavrsnnnnaa| - SadkhaNDAgama 1/9-1/28, khaNDa 1, bhAga 1, pustaka 6, pR. 61 (sa). ete trsnaamkrmodyvshvrtitH| ke puna: sthAvarAH iti cet? ekendriyAH kathamanuktamavagamyate cetparizeSAta sthAvarakarmaNa: kiM kAryamiti cedekasthAnAvasthApakatvama tejovAyvapkAyikAnAM calanAtmakAnAM tathA satyasthAvaratvaM syAditi cetra, sthAstUnAM prayogatazcalacchitraparNAnAmiva gatiparyAyapariNatasamIraNAvyatiriktazarIratvatasteSAM gamanAvirodhAta - SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalATIkA 1/1/44, pR. 277 16. atha vyavahAreNAgnivAtakAyikAnAM trasatvaM darzayati pRthivyabvanaspatayastrayaH sthAvarakAyagogAtsambandhAtsthAvarA bhaNyaMte analAnilakAyikAH teSu paMca sthAvareSu madhye calana kriyAM dRSTvA vyavahAreNa trsaabhnnyte| - paMcAstikAya: jayasenAcAryakRta tAtparyavRttiH, gAthA 111 kI TIkA jainadarzana meM pudgala aura paramANu pudgala ko bhI astikAya dravya mAnA gayA hai| yaha mUrta aura jAtA hai| paravartI jaina dArzanikoM ne to pudgala zabda kA prayoga spaSTata: acetana dravya hai| pudgala kA lakSaNa zabda, varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza Adi bhautika tattva ke lie hI kiyA hai, aura use hI dRzya jagat kA kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai| isake atirikta jaina AcAryoM ne halkApana, bhArIpana, mAnA hai| kyoMki jaina darzana meM pudgala hI aisA tattva hai, jise mUrta yA prakAza, aMdhakAra, chAyA, Atapa, zabda, bandha-sAmarthya, sUkSmatva, sthUlatva, indriyoM kI anubhUti kA viSaya kahA gayA hai| vastuta: pudagala ke saMsthAna, bheda, Adi ko bhI pudgala kA lakSaNa mAnA hai (uttarAdhyayana uparokta guNa hI use hamArI indriyoM ke anubhUti kA viSaya banAte hai| 28/127 evaM tattvArtha 5/23-24) / jahA~ dharma, adharma aura AkAza yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai jaina darzana meM prANIya zarIra yahA~ taka eka dravya mAne gaye haiM vahA~ pudgala aneka dravya hai| jaina AcAryoM ne pRthvI, jala, agni aura vanaspati kA zarIra rUpa dRzya svarUpa bhI pudgala pratyeka paramANu ko eka svatantra dravya yA ikAI mAnA hai| vastuta: pudgala kI hI nirmiti hai| vizva meM jo kucha bhI mUrtimAna yA indriya-anubhUti dravya samasta dRzya jagat kA mUlabhUta ghaTaka haiN| kA viSaya hai, vaha saba pudgala kA khela hai| isa sambandha meM vizeSa dhyAna jJAtavya hai ki bauddhadarzana meM aura bhagavatI jaise AgamoM ke dene yogya tathya yaha hai ki jahA~ jaina darzana meM pRthvI, jala, agni aura prAcIna aMzoM meM pudgala zabda kA prayoga jIva yA cetana tattva ke lie bhI vAyu- ina cAroM ko zarIra apekSA pudgala rUpa mAnane ke kAraNa inameM huA hai, kintu ise paudgalika zarIra kI apekSA se hI jAnanA caahie| sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa- ye cAroM guNa mAne gaye hai| jabaki vaizeSika yadyapi bauddha paramparA meM to pudgala-prajJapti (puggala paJcati) nAmaka eka Adi darzana mAtra pRthvI ko hI uparyukta cAroM guNoM se yukta mAnate haiM ve grantha hI hai, jo jIva ke prakAroM Adi kI carcA karatA hai| phira bhI jIvoM jala ko gandha rahita triguNa, teja ko gandha aura rasa rahita mAtra dviguNa ke lie pudgala zabda kA prayoga mukhyata: zarIra kI apekSA se hI dekhA aura vAyu ko mAtra eka sparzaguNa vAlA mAnate haiN| yahA~ eka vizeSa tathya
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________________ yaha bhI hai jahA~ anya dArzanikoM ne zabda ko AkAza kA guNa mAnA hai, vahA~ jaina dArzanikoM ne zabda ko pudgala kA hI guNa mAnA hai| unake anusAra AkAza kA guNa to mAtra avagAha arthAt sthAna denA hai| yaha dRzya jagat puTrala ke hI vibhinna saMyogoM kA vistAra haiM aneka pudgala paramANu milakara skaMdha kI racanA karate haiM aura skaMdhoM se hI milakara dRzya jagat kI sabhI vastuyeM nirmita hotI haiM navIna skaMdhoM ke nirmANa aura pUrva nirmita skandhoM ke saMgaThana aura vighaTana ko prakriyA ke mAdhyama se hI dRzya jagat meM parivartana ghaTita hote haiM aura vibhinna vastue~ aura padArtha astitva meM Ate haiN| jainadarzana meM pula aura paramANu jaina AcAryoM ne pudrala ko skaMdha aura paramANu ina do rUpoM meM vivecita kiyA hai| vibhinna paramANuoM ke saMyoga se hI skaMdha banatA haiM phira bhI itanA spaSTa hai ki pugala dravya kA aMtima ghaTaka to paramANu hI hai usameM svabhAva se eka rasa, eka varNa, eka gaMdha aura zIta-uSNa yA snigdha-rukSa meM se koI do sparzaM pAye jAte hai| jaina AgamoM meM varNa pA~ca mAne gaye haiM- lAla, pIlA, nIlA, sapheda aura kAlA; gaMdha do haiM-sugandha aura durgandha; rasa pA~ca hai tikta, kaTu, kasailA, khaTTA aura mIThA aura isI prakAra sparza ATha mAne gaye haiM- zIta aura uSNa, snigdha aura rukSa, mRdu aura karkaza tathA halkA aura bhArI / isa prakAra jainadarzana meM varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza guNoM ke bIca bheda mAne gaye hai| punaH jaina darzana inameM pratyeka meM bhI unakI taratamatA (DigrI yA mAtrA) ke AdhAra para bheda karatA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM varNa meM lAla, kAlA Adi varNa hai kintu inameM bhI lAlimA aura kAlimA ke halke, teja Adi aneka stara dekhe jAte hai| lAla varNa eka guNa (DigrI) lAla se lagAkara saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura anantaguNa lAla ho sakatA hai| yahI sthiti kAle Adi anya vargoM kI bhI hogii| isI prakAra rasa meM khaTTA, mIThA Adi rasa bhI eka hI prakAra ke nahIM hote hai, unameM bhI taratamatA hotI hai| mIThAsa, khaTAsa yA sugandha-durgandha Adi ke anekAneka stara hai| yahI sthiti uSNa Adi sparzo kI hai, jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra uSmA bhI ekaguNa (eka DigrI) se lekara saMkhyAt asaMkhyAt yA ananta guNa (DigrI) kI ho sakatI hai| isa prakAra jaina dArzanikoM ne varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza meM pratyeka ke na kevala avAntara bheda kiye hai, apitu taratamatA yA DigrI ke AdhAra para ananta bheda mAne haiN| unakA yaha dRSTikoNa Aja bhI vijJAna sammata hai| - 131 - vAdyoM kA zabda; 4. ghana - jhAlara, ghaMTa Adi kA zabda 5. zaSira - phU~kakara bajAye jAnevAle zaMkha, bA~surI Adi kA zabda aura 6. saMgharSado vastuoM ke gharSaNa se utpanna kiyA gayA shbd| isa prakAra paraspara AzleSa rUpa bandha ke bhI prAyogika aura vaistrasika- ye do bheda haiN| jIva aura zarIra kA bandha tathA lAkha Adi se jor3akara banAI gaI vastuoM kA bandha prayatnasApekSa hone se prAyogika bandha hai| bijalI, megha, indradhanuSa Adi kA bandha prayatna-nirapekSa paudralika saMzleSa vaikhasika bandha hai| sUkSmatva aura sthUlatva ke bhI antya tathA ApekSika hone se ve do-do bheda haiM jo sUkSmatva tathA sthUlatva donoM eka hI vastu meM apekSA bheda se ghaTita na hoM, ve antya kahe jAte hai aura jo ghaTita ho ye ApekSika kahe jAte haiN| paramANuoM kA sUkSmatva aura jagat-vyApI mahAskandha kA sthUlatva antya hai, kyoMki anya pudgala kI apekSA paramANuoM meM sthUlatva aura mahAskandha meM sUkSmatva ghaTita nahIM hotaa| dvayaNuka Adi madhyavartI skandhoM ke sthUlatva va sthUlatva donoM ApekSika haiM, jaise A~vale kA sUkSmatva aura bilva kA sthUlatva hai sApekSika, A~valA bilva kI apekSA choTA hai, ataH sUkSma hai aura bilya A~vale kI apekSA bar3A hai, ataH sthUla hai| parantu vahI A~valA bera kI apekSAsthUla hai aura vahI bilva kuSmANDa kI apekSA sUkSma hai prakAra jaise ApekSika hone se eka hI vastu meM sUkSmatva-sthUlatva donoM viruddha guNa-dharma hote haiM, kintu antya sUkSmatva aura sthUlatva eka vastu meM ka hI sAtha nahIM hote haiN| saMsthAna ityaMtva aura anitthatva do prakAra kA hai| jisa AkAra kI kisI ke sAtha tulanA kI jA sake vaha itthaMtvarUpa hai aura jisakI tulanA na kI jA sake vaha anityatvarUpa hai| megha Adi kA saMsthAna ( racanA - vizeSa) anitthaMtvarUpa hai, kyoMki aniyata hone se kisI eka prakAra se usakA nirUpaNa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jabaki anya padArthoM kA saMsthAna itthaMtvarUpa hai, jaise geMda, siMghAr3A Adi / gola, trikoNa, catuSkoNa, dIrgha, pArimaNDala ( valayAkAra ) Adi rUpa meM ityaMtva rUpa saMsthAna ke aneka bheda haiN| jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra zabda bhASAvargaNA ke pudgaloM kA eka viziSTa prakAra kA pariNAma hai| nimitta bheda se usake aneka bheda mAne jAte haiN| jo zabda jIva ke prayatna se utpanna hotA hai yaha prAyogika hai aura jo kisI ke prayatna ke binA hI utpanna hotA hai vaikhasika hai, jaise bAdaloM kA garjana / prAyogika zabda ke mukhyata: nimna chaha prakAra hai- kA virodhI eka pariNAma- vizeSa hai| 1. bhASA - manuSya Adi kI vyakta aura pazu, pakSI Adi kI avyakta aisI anekavidha bhASAe~; 2. tata - camar3e se lapeTe hue vAdyoM arthAt mRdaMga, paTaha Adi kA zabda 3. vitata tAravAle vINA, sAraMgI Adi skandharUpa meM pariNata puTralapiNDa kA vizleSa (vibhAga) honA bheda hai| isake pA~ca prakAra haiM- 1. autkarika-cIre yA khode jAne para hone vAlA lakar3I, patthara Adi ke bar3e TukaNDe 2. caurNika-kaNa-kaNa rUpa meM cUrNa ho jAnA, jaise gehUM, jau Adi kA ATA 3 khaNDa-Tukar3e-Tukar3e hokara TUTa jAnA, jaise ghar3e ke kapAlAdi; 4. pratara parateM yaha taheM nikalanA, jaise bhojapatra Adi; 5. anutaTa chAla nikalanA, jaise bA~sa, Ikha Adi / tama arthAt andhakAra dekhane meM rukAvaTa DAlanevAlA, prakAza chAyA prakAza ke Upara AvaraNa A jAne se hotI hai| isake do prakAra haiM-darpaNa Adi svaccha padArthoM meM par3anevAlA mukhAdi kA pratibimba, jyoM-kA-tyoM dikhAI detA hai aura anya asvaccha vastuoM .
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________________ 132 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 para par3anevAlI parachAI pratibimbarUpa chAyA hai| sUrya Adi kA uSNa skaMdha ke nirmANa kI prakriyA prakAza Atapa aura candra, maNi, khadyota Adi kA anuSNa (zItala) skaMdha kI racanA do prakAra se hotI hai- eka ora bar3e-bar3e prakAza udyota hai| skaMdhoM ke TUTane se yA choTe-choTe skaMdhoM ke saMyoga se navIna skaMdha sparza, varNa gandha, rasa, zabda Adi sabhI paryAyeM pudgala ke kArya banate haiM to dUsarI ora paramANuoM meM nihita svAbhAvika snigdhatA aura hone se paudgalika mAnI jAtI haiN| (tattvArthasUtra paM0 sukhalAla jI pR0129- rukSatA ke kAraNa paraspara baMdha hotA hai, jisase bhI skaMdhoM kI racanA hotI 30) / hai| isalie yaha kahA gayA hai ki saMghAta aura bheda se skaMdha kI racanA jJAtavya hai ki paramANuoM meM mRdu, karkaza, halkA aura bhArI hotI hai (saMghAtabhedebhya:utpadyante -tattvArtha 5/26) / saMghAta kA tAtparya cAra sparza nahIM hAte haiN| ye cAra sparza tabhI saMbhava hote haiM jaba paramANuoM ekatrita honA aura bheda kA tAtparya TUTanA hai| kisa prakAra ke paramANuoM se skaMdhoM kI racanA hotI hai aura tabhI unameM mRdu, kaThora, halke aura ke paraspara milane se skaMdha Adi kI racanA hotI hai- 'isa prazna para bhI bhArI guNa bhI prakaTa ho jAte haiN| paramANu eka pradezI hotA hai jabaki jainAcAryoM ne vistRta carcA kI hai| skaMdha meM do yA do se adhika asaMkhya pradeza bhI ho sakate haiN| skaMdha, paugalika skandha kI utpatti mAtra usake avayavabhUta paramANuoM skaMdha-deza, skaMdha-pradeza aura paramANu ye cAra pudgala dravya ke vibhAga haiN| ke pArasparika saMyoga se nahIM hotI hai| isake lie unakI kucha viziSTa inameM paramANu niravayava hai| Agama meM use Adi, madhya aura anta se yogyatAeM bhI apekSita hotI hai| pArasparika saMyoga ke lie unameM snigdhatva rahita batAyA gayA hai jabaki skaMdha meM Adi aura anta hote haiN| na (cikanApana), rUkSatva (rUkhApana) Adi guNoM kA honA bhI Avazyaka hai| kevala bhautika vastue~ apitu zarIra, indriyA~ aura mana bhI skaMdhoM kA hI jaba snigdha aura rUkSa paramANu yA skandha Apasa meM milate haiM taba unakA khela haiN| bandha (ekatvapariNama ) hotA hai, isI bandha se vyaNuka Adi skandha banate haiN| skaMdhoM ke prakAra snigdha aura rUkSa paramANuoM yA skandhoM kA saMyoga sadRza jaina darzana meM skaMdha ke nimna 6 prakAra mAne gaye haiM- aura visadRza do prakAra kA hotA hai| snigdha kA snigdha ke sAtha aura 1. sthUla-sthUla isa varga ke antargata vizva ke samasta Thosa rUkSa kA rUkSa ke sAtha bandha sadRza bandha hai| snigdha kA rUkSa ke sAtha padArtha Ate haiN| isa varga ke skaMdhoM kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki ve chinna-bhinna bandha visadRza bandha hai| hone para milane meM asamartha hote haiM, jaise-ptthr| tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra jina paramANuoM meM snigdhatva yA rUkSatva 2. sthUla-jo skaMdha chinna-bhinna hone para svayaM Apasa meM kA aMza jaghanya arthAt nyUnatama ho una jaghanya guNa (DigrI) vAle mila jAte haiM ve sthUla skaMdha kahe jAte hai| isake antargata vizva ke tarala paramANuoM kA pArasparika bandha nahIM hotA hai| isa se yaha bhI phalita dravya Ate haiM, jaise-pAnI, tela aadi| hotA hai ki madhyama aura utkRSTasaMkhyaka aMzoMvAle snigdha evaM rUkSa sabhI 3. sthUla-sUkSma-jo pudgala skaMndha chinna-bhinna nahIM kiye jA paramANuoM yA skandhoM kA pArasparika bandha ho sakatA hai| parantu isameM bhI sakate hoM athavA jinakA grahaNa yA lAnA le jAnA saMbhava nahIM ho kintu apavAda hai tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra samAna aMzoMvAle snigdha tathA rUkSa jo cakSu indriya ke anubhUti ke viSaya hoM ve sthUla-sUkSma yA bAdara-sUkSma paramANuoM kA skandha nahIM bntaa| isa niSedha kA phalita artha yaha bhI hai kahe jAte haiM, jaise-prakAza, chAyA, andhakAra aadi| ki asamAna guNavAle sadRza avayavI skandhoM kA bandha hotA hai| isa 4. sakSma-sthUla- jo viSaya dikhAI nahIM dete haiM kintu phalita artha kA saMkoca karake tattvArthasUtra (5/35) meM sadRza asamAna hamArI aindrika anubhUti ke viSaya banate haiM, jaise- sugandha, zabda aadi| aMzoM kI bandhopayogI maryAdA niyata kI gaI hai| tadanusAra asamAna Adhunika vijJAna kI dRSTi se vidyut dhArA kA pravAha aura adRzya kintu aMzavAle sadRza avayavoM meM bhI jaba eka avayava kA snigdhatva yA anubhUta gaisa bhI isa varga ke antargata AtI haiN| jaina AcAryoM ne dhvani, rUkSatva do aMza, tIna aMza, cAra aMza Adi adhika ho tabhI una do taraMga Adi ko bhI isI varga ke antargata mAnA hai| vartamAna yuga meM sadRza avayavoM kA bandha hotA hai| isalie yadi eka avayava ke ilekTraoNnika mAdhyamoM dvArA citra Adi kA sampreSaNa kiyA jAtA hai, use snigdhatva yA rUkSatva kI apekSA dUsare avayava kA snigdhatva yA rUkSatva bhI hama isI varga ke arntagata rakha sakate haiN| kevala eka aMza adhika ho to bhI una do sadRza avayavoM kA bandha nahIM 5. sUkSma- jo skaMdha indriyoM ke dvArA grahaNa nahIM kiye jA hotA hai| unameM kama se kama do yA do se adhika guNoM kA aMtara honA sakate hoM ve isa varga ke antargata Ate haiN| jainAcAryoM ne karmavargaNA, jo caahiye| paM. sukhalAla jI likhate haijIvoM ke baMdhana kA kAraNa hai, manovargaNA bhASAvargaNA Adi ko isI varga zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM meM bandha sambandhI meM mAnA hai| prastuta tInoM sUtroM meM pAThabheda nahIM hai, para arthabheda avazya hai| arthabheda 6. ati sUkSma- dvayaNuka Adi atyanta choTa skaMdha ati kI dRSTi se ye tIna bAteM dhyAna dene yogya haisUkSma mAne gaye haiN| 1. jaghanyaguNa paramANu eka aMzavAlA ho, taba bandha kA
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________________ pudgala jainadarzana meM honA yA na honA, 2. 'Adi' pada se tIna Adi aMza lie jAya yA nahIM, aura 3 bandhavidhAna kevala sadRza avayavoM ke lie mAnA jAya athavA nhiiN| isa sambandha meM paMDita jI Age likhate hai 1. tattvArthabhASya aura siddhasenagaNi kI usakI vRtti ke anusAra donoM paramANu jaba jaghanya guNavAle hoM tabhI unake bandha kA niSedha hai, arthAt eka paramANu jaghanyaguNa ho aura dUsarA jaghanyaguNa na ho tabhI unakA bandha hotA hai| parantu sarvArthasiddhi Adi sabhI digambara vyAkhyAoM ke anusAra eka jaghanyaguNa paramANu kA dUsare ajaghanyaguNa ke sAtha bhI bandha nahIM hotaa| paramANu 2. tattvArthabhASya aura usakI vRtti ke anusAra sUtra 35 ke 'Adi' pada kA tIna Adi aMza artha liyA jAtA hai| ataeva usameM kisI eka paramANu se dUsare paramANu meM snigdhatva yA rUkSatva ke aMza do, tIna, cAra tathA bar3hate-bar3hate saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta ananta adhika hone para bhI bandha mAnA jAtA hai; kevala eka aMza adhika hone para hI bandha nahIM mAnA jAtA hai parantu sabhI digambara vyAkhyAoM ke anusAra kevala do aMza adhika hone para hI bandha mAnA jAtA hai, arthAt eka aMza kI taraha tIna, cAra saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta, ananta aMza adhika hone para bandha nahIM mAnA jaataa| 3. bhASya aura vRtti ke anusAra do, tIna Adi aMzoM ke adhika hone para bandha kA vidhAna sadRza avayavoM para hI lAgU hotA hai, visadRza para nahIM parantu digambara vyAkhyAoM meM vaha vidhAna sadRza kI bhA~ti visadRza paramANuoM ke bandha para bhI lAgU hotA hai| isa arthabheda ke kAraNa donoM paramparAoM meM bandha viSayaka jo vidhi-niSedha phalita hotA hai vaha isa prakAra hai bhASyavRttyanusAra guNa- aMza 1. 2. jaghanya ekAdhika 3. jaghanya prAdhika jaghanya + jaghanya + 4. jaghanyatryAdi adhika hai 5. jaghanyetara* sama jaghanyetara 6. jaghanyetara + ekAdhika jaghanyetara 7. jaghanyetara iyadhika jaghanyetara + 8. jaghanyetara jyAdi adhika jaghanyetara sadRza nahIM nahIM nahIM nahIM the sarvArthasiddhi Adi digambara vyAkhyA pranyAM ke anusAra guNa- aMza 1. jaghanya + jaghanya 2. jaghanya ekAdhika 3. jaghanya + dvyadhika sadRza nahIM nahIM nahIM visadRza nahIM visadRza nahIM nahIM nahIM aura paramANu 4. jaghanya + tryAdi adhika 5. 6. 7. 8. jaghanyetara+sama jaghanyetara jaghanyetara ekAdhika jaghanyetara jaghanyetaradvayAdhika jaghanyetara nahIM nahIM 133 nahIM nahIM nahIM hai nahIM nahIM hai jaghanyateratryAdi adhika jaghanyetara nahIM / isa bandha- vidhAna ko spaSTa karate hue apanI tattvArthasUtra kI vyAkhyA meM paM. sukhalAlajI likhate hai ki snigdhatva aura rukSatva donoM sparza-vizeSa hai| ye apanI-apanI jAti kI apekSA eka-eka rUpa hone para bhI pariNamana kI taratamatA ke kAraNa aneka prakAra ke hote haiN| taratamatA yahA~ taka hotI hai ki nikRSTa snigdhatva aura nikRSTa rUkSatva tathA utkRSTa snigdhatva aura utkRSTa rUkSatva ke bIca anantAnanta aMzoM kA antara rahatA hai, jaise bakarI aura U~TanI ke dUdha ke snigdhatva meM snigdhatva donoM meM hI hotA hai parantu eka meM atyalpa hotA hai aura dUsare meM atyadhika taratamatAvAle snigdhatva aura rUkSatva pariNAmoM meM jo pariNAma sabase nikRSTa arthAt avibhAjya ho use jaghanya aMza kahate haiN| jaghanya ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI jaghanyetara kahe jAte haiN| jaghanyetara meM madhyama aura utkRSTa saMkhyA A jAtI hai sabase adhika snigdhatva pariNAma utkRSTa hai aura jaghanya tathA utkRSTa ke bIca ke sabhI pariNAma madhyama haiN| jaghanya snigdhatva kI apekSA utkRSTa snigdhatva anantAnanta gunA adhika hone se yadi jaghanya snigdhatva ko eka aMza kahA jAya to utkRSTa snigdhatva ko anantAnanta aMzaparimita mAnanA caahie| do, tIna yAvat saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta se eka kama utkRSTa taka ke sabhI aMza madhyama haiN| yahA~ sadRza kA artha hai snigdha kA snigdha ke sAtha yA rUkSa kA rUkSa ke sAtha bandha honA aura visadRza kA artha hai snigdha kA rUkSa ke sAtha bandha honaa| eka aMza jaghanya hai aura usase eka adhika arthAt do aMza ekAdhika haiN| do aMza adhika hoM taba dvyadhika aura tIna aMza adhika hoM taba pryaadhik| isI taraha cAra aMza adhika hone para caturadhika yAvat anantAnanta-adhika kahalAtA hai| sama arthAt donoM ora aMzoM kI saMkhyA samAna ho taba vaha sama hai| do aMza jaghanyetara kA sama jaghanyetara do aMza haiM, do aMza jaghanyetara kA ekAdhika jaghanyetara tIna aMza haiM, do aMza jaghanyetara kA dvayadhika jaghanyetara cAra aMza haiM, do aMza jaghanyetara kA prayAdhika jaghanyetara pA~ca aMza haiM aura caturadhika jadhanyetara cha: aMza haiN| isI prakAra tIna Adi se anantAMza jaghanyetara taka ke sama, ekAdhika, iyadhika aura tryAdi jaghanyetara hote haiN| yahA~ yaha bhI bAta dhyAna dene yogya hai ki samAMza sthala meM sadRza bandha to hotA hI nahIM, visadRza hotA hai, jaise do aMza snigdha kA do aMza rUkSa ke sAtha yA tIna aMza snigdha kA tIna aMza rUkSa ke saath| aise sthala meM koI eka sama dUsare sama ko apane rUpa meM pariNata kara letA hai arthAt dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva ke anusAra kabhI snigdhatva rUkSatva ko snigdhatva meM badala detA hai aura kabhI rUkSatva snigdhatva ko rUkSatva meM badala detA hai / parantu adhikAzaM sthala meM adhikAMza hI .
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________________ 134 jaina vidyA ke hInAMza ko apane svarUpa meM badala sakatA hai, jaise paMcAMza snigdhatva tIna aMza snigdhatva ko apane rUpa meM pariNata karatA hai arthAt tIna aMza snigdhatva bhI pA~ca aMza snigdhatva ke sambandha se pA~ca aMza pariNata ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra pAMca aMza snigdhatva tIna aMza rUkSatva ko bhI svasvarUpa meM milA letA hai arthAt rUkSatva snigdhatva meM badala jAtA hai| rUkSatva adhika ho to yaha apane se kama snigdhatva ko apane rUpa kA banA letA hai| mere vicAra meM yahA~ yaha bhI sambhava hai ki donoM ke milana se aMzo kI apekSa koI tIsarI avasthA bhI bana sakatI hai| jaina darzana meM paramANu jaina darzana meM paramANu ko puTrala kA sabase choTA avibhAgI aMza mAnA gayA hai| yathA 'jaMdavvaM avibhAgI taM paramANu viyANehi 2 arthAt jo dravya avibhAgI hai usako nizcaya se paramANu jaano| isI taraha kI paribhASA DemokriTasa ne bhI dI hai jisakA ullekha pUrva meM kara Aye haiN| paramANu kA lakSaNa spaSTa karate hue AcArya kundakunda likhate haiM aMtAdi aMtamajjhaM aMtaMtaM Neva iMdie gejnaM / jaM avibhAgI davyaM taM paramANuM pasaMsaMti / / -niyamasAra 29 arthAt paramANu kA vahI Adi, vahI aMta tathA vahI madhya hotA hai| yaha iMdriyagrAhya nahIM hotaa| vaha sarvathA avibhAgI hai usake Tukar3e nahIM kiye jA skte| aise avibhAgI dravya ko paramANu kahate haiN| paramANu sat hai ataH avinAzI hai sAtha hI utpAda vyaya dharmA arthAt rAsAyanika svabhAva vAlA bhI hai| isa tathya ko vaijJAnikoM ne bhI mAnA hai| ve bhI paramANu ko rAsAyanika parivartana kriyA meM bhAga lene yogya pariNamanazIla mAnate haiN| paramANu jaba akelA-asambaddha hotA hai taba usameM pratikSaNa svAbhAvAnukUla paryAyeM yA avasthAeM hotI rahatI haiM tathA jaba vaha anya paramANu se sambaddha hokara skaMdha kI dazA rUpa meM hotA hai taba usameM vibhAva yA svabhAvetara paryAyeM bhI dravita hotI rahatI hai| isI kAraNa hI use dravya kahA jAtA hai| dravya kA vyutpatti sabhya artha yahI hai ki jo dravita arthAt parivartita ho / paramANu bhI isakA apavAda nahIM hai| paramANu kI utpattiH yahAM paramANu kI utpatti kA tAtparya usakA astitva meM Ane se nahIM, kyoMki paramANu sat svarUpa hai| sat kI na to utpatti hotI hai aura nAza sat to sadAkAla anAdi anaMta astitva vAlA hotA hai, ataH paramANu kA astitva bhI anAdi anaMta hai, ataH vaha avinAzI hai| yahAM paramANu kI utpatti kA tAtparya mile hue paramANuoM ke samUha se rUpa skaMdhoM se vikhaNDita hokara paramANu ke AvirbhAva hai| vastutaH paramANuoM se skandha aura skandha se paramANu avibhUta hote rahate hai| tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra 'bhedAdaNuH 1 arthAt bheda se aNu pragaTa hotA hai, AyAma khaNDa 6 J kintu yaha bheda kI prakriyA taba taka honI cAhie jaba puTrala skaMdha eka pradezI aMtima ikAI ke rUpa meM avibhAjya na ho jaaye| yaha avibhAjya paramANu kisI bhI iMdriya yA aNuvIkSaNa yaMtrAdi se bhI grAhya (dRSTigocara ) nahIM hotA hai| jaina darzana meM ise kevala sarvajJa ke jJAna kA viSaya mAnA gayA hai| isa tathya kI puSTi karate hue prophesara jAna pille likhate hai:vaijJAnika pahale aNu ko hI pula kA sabase choTA, abhedya aMza mAnate the, parantu jaba usake bhI vibhAga hone lage, to unhoMne apanI dhAraNA badala dI aura aNu ko mAlIkyUla arthAt sUkSma skandha nAma diyA tathA paramANu ko eTama nAma diyaa| kintu aba to paramANu ke bhI nyUTrAna, proTAna aura ilekTrAna jaise bheda kara diye gaye haiM, jisase siddha hotA hai| ki Adhunika vaijJAnikoM kA paramANu avibhAgI nahIM hai| jaina darzana to aise paramANu ko bhI sUkSma skandha hI kahatA hai pudrala ke samAna paramANu meM bhI varNa, rasa, gaMdha, sparza ke guNa mAne gaye hai phira bhI yaha jJAtavya hai ki pratyeka paramANu meM koI eka varNa, eka gaMdha, eka rasa aura mAtra do sparza zIta aura uSNa meM koI eka tathA snigdha aura rUkSa meM se koI eka pAye jAte hai| jainAcAryoM kI yaha vizeSatA rahI hai ki unhoMne zabda, aMdhakAra, prakAza, chAyA, garmI Adi ko pugala dravya kA hI paryAya mAnA hai| isa dRSTi se jaina darzana kA puTrala vicAra Adhunika vijJAna ke bahuta adhika nikaTa hai| jaina darzana kI hI aisI aneka mAnyatAyeM haiM, jo kucha varSoM taka avaijJAnika va pUrNataH kAlpanika lagatI thIM, kintu Aja vijJAna se pramANita ho rahI haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prakAza, andhakAra, tApa, chAyA zabda Adi paugalika haiM jaina AgamoM kI isa mAnyatA para koI vizvAsa nahIM karatA thA, kintu Aja unakI paudgalikatA siddha ho cukI hai| jaina AgamoM kA yaha kathana hai ki zabda na kevala paugalika hai, apitu vaha dhvani rUpa meM uccarita hokara lokAnta taka kI yAtrA karatA hai, isa tathya ko kala taka koI bhI svIkAra nahIM karatA thA, kintu Adhunika vaijJAnika khojoM ne aba isa tathya ko siddha kara diyA hai ki pratyeka dhvani uccarita hone ke bAda apanI yAtrA prArambha kara detI hai aura usakI yaha yAtrA, cAhe atyanta sUkSma rUpa meM kyoM na ho, lokAnta taka hotI hai| jainoM kI yaha avadhAraNA ki avadhijJAnI dharma cakSu ke dvArA gRhIta nahIM ho rahe dUrastha viSayoM kA sIdhA pratyakSIkaraNa kara letA hai kucha varSoM pUrva taka kapolakalpanA hI lagatI thI, kintu Aja jaba TelIvijana kA AviSkAra ho cukA hai, yaha bAta bahuta Azcaryajanaka nahIM rahI hai| jisa prakAra se dhvani kI yAtrA hotI hai usI prakAra se pratyeka bhautika piNDa se prakAza-kiraNeM parAvartita hotI haiM aura ve bhI dhvani ke samAna hI loka meM apanI yAtrA karatI haiN| tathA pratyeka vastu yA ghaTanA kA citra vizva meM saMpreSita kara detI hai| Aja yadi mAnava mastiSka meM TelIvijana seTa kI hI taraha citroM ko grahaNa karane kA sAmarthya vikasita ho jAye, to dUrastha padArthoM evaM ghaTanAoM ke hastAmalakavat jJAna meM koI bAdhA nahIM rahegI, kyoMki pratyeka padArtha se prakAza va chAyA ke rUpa meM jo kiraNeM parAvartita ho rahI haiM, ve to hama .
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________________ jainadarzana meM pudgala aura paramANu 135 sabake pAsa pahu~ca hI rahI haiN| Aja yadi hamAre caitanya mastiSka kI grahaNa aura antima ghaTaka, hai, vahI kvArka hai| Aja bhI kvArka ko vyAkhyAyita zakti vikasita ho jAya to dUrastha viSayoM kA jJAna asambhava nahIM hai| karane meM vaijJAnika saphala nahIM ho pAye haiN| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki prAcIna dhArmika kahe jAne vAle sAhitya meM Adhunika vijJAna prAcIna jaina avadhAraNAoM ko sampuSTa karane bhI bahuta kucha aisA hai, jo yA to Aja vijJAna sammata siddha ho cukA hai meM kisa prakAra sahAyaka huA hai ki usakA eka udAharaNa yaha hai ki jaina athavA jisake vijJAna sammata siddha hone kI sambhAvanA abhI pUrNataH tattva-mImAMsA meM eka ora yaha avadhAraNA rahI hai ki eka pudgala paramANu nirasta nahIM huI hai| jitanI jagaha gheratA hai- vaha eka AkAza pradeza kahalAtA hai, dUsare zabdoM aneka Agama vacana yA sUtra aise haiM, jo kala taka avaijJAnika . meM eka AkAza pradeza meM eka paramANu hI raha sakatA hai, kintu dUsarI pratIta hote the, ve Aja vaijJAnika siddha ho rahe haiN| mAtra itanA nahIM, ora AgamoM meM yaha bhI ullekha hai ki eka AkAza pradeza meM ananta ina sUtroM kI vaijJAnika jJAna ke prakAza meM jo vyAkhyA kI gayI, vaha pudgala paramANu samA sakate haiN| isa virodhAbhAsa kA sIdhA samAdhAna hamAre adhika samIcIna pratIta hotI hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM paramANuoM ke pAsa nahIM thaa| lekina vijJAna ne yaha siddha kara diyA hai ki vizva meM kucha pArasparika bandhana se skandha ke nirmANa kI prakriyA ko samajhAne hetu aise Thosa dravya haiM jinakA eka varga iMca kA vajana lagabhaga 8 sau Tana tattvArthasUtra ke pA~caveM adhyAya kA eka sUtra hai- snigdharUkSatvAt bndhH| hotA hai| isase yaha bhI phalita hotA hai ki jinheM hama Thosa samajhate haiM, isameM snigdha aura rukSa paramANuoM ke eka-dUsare se jur3akara skandha ve vastuta: kitane pole haiN| ataH sUkSma avagAhana zakti ke kAraNa yaha banAne kI bAta kahI gayI hai| sAmAnya rUpa se isakI vyAkhyA yaha saMbhava hai ki eka hI AkAza pradeza meM ananta paramANu bhI samAhita ho kahakara hI kI jAtI thI ki snigdha (cikane) evaM rukSa (kharadure) jaayeN| paramANuoM meM bandha hotA hai, kintu Aja isa sUtra kI vaijJAnika dRSTi jaina darzana kA paramANuvAda Adhunika vijJAna ke kitanA nikaTa se vyAkhyA hogI to snigdha arthAt dhanAtmaka vidyut se Avezita evaM hai| isakA vistRta vivaraNa zrI uttama canda jaina ne apane lekha 'jaina darzana rukSa arthAt RNAtmaka vidyut se Avezita sUkSma-kaNa, jaina darzana kA tAttvika pakSa paramANuvAda' meM diyA hai| hama yahA~ unake mantavya kA kI bhASA meM paramANu, paraspara milakara skandha (Molecule) kA kucha aMza AMzika parivartana ke sAtha uddhRta kara rahe haiMnirmANa karate haiN| isa prakAra to tattvArthasUtra kA yaha sUtra adhika vijJAna sammata pratIta hotA hai| pro0 jI0 Ara0 jaina ne apanI pustaka jaina paramANuvAda aura Adhunika vijJAna Cosmology Old and New meM isa sambandha meM vistAra se vivecana jaina darzana kI paramANuvAda para AdhArita nimna ghoSaNAeM Adhunika kiyA hai aura isa sUtra kI vaijJAnikatA ko siddha kiyA hai| vijJAna ke parIkSaNoM dvArA satya sAbita ho cukI hai jahA~ taka bhautika tattva ke astitva evaM svarUpa kA prazna hai 1. paramANuoM ke vibhinna prakAra ke yaugika, unakA vikhaNDana vaijJAnikoM evaM jaina AcAryoM meM adhika matabheda nahIM hai| paramANu yA evaM saMlayana, visaraNa, unakI baMdha, zakti, sthiti, prabhAva, svabhAva, pudgala kaNoM meM jisa ananta zakti kA nirdeza jaina AcAryoM ne kiyA thA saMkhyA Adi kA atisUkSma vaijJAnika vivecana jaina granthoM meM vistRta rUpa vaha aba Adhunika vaijJAnika anveSaNoM se siddha ho rahA hai| Adhunika meM upalabdha hai| vaijJAnika isa tathya ko siddha kara cuke haiM ki eka paramANu kA visphoTa 2. pAnI svataMtra tattva nahIM apitu pudgala kI hI eka avasthA bhI kitanI adhika zakti kA sRjana kara sakatA hai| vaise bhI bhautika hai| yaha vaijJAnika satya hai ki jala yaugika hai| piNDa yA pudgala kI avadhAraNA ko lekara vaijJAnikoM evaM jaina vicArakoM 3. zabda AkAza kA guNa nahIM apitu bhASAvargaNA rUpa meM koI adhika matabheda nahIM dekhA jaataa| paramANuoM ke dvArA skandha skaMdhoM kA avasthAntara hai, isalie yaMtragrAhya hai| (Molecule) kI racanA kA jaina siddhAnta kitanA vaijJAnika hai, isakI 4. vizva kisI ke dvArA nirmita nahIM, kyoMki sat kI carcA hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| vijJAna jise paramANu kahatA thA, vaha aba utpatti yA vinAza saMbhava nhiiN| sat kA lakSaNa hI utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya TUTa cukA hai| vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki vijJAna ne jise paramANu mAna yukta honA hai| pudgala nirmita vizva mithyA evaM asat nahIM hai, sat liyA thA, vaha paramANu thA hI nahIM, vaha to skandha hI thaa| kyoMki jainoM svarUpa hai| kI paramANu kI paribhASA yaha hai ki jisakA vibhAjana nahIM ho sake, aisA 5. prakAza-aMdhakAra tathA chAyA ye pudgala kI hI pRthak-pRthak bhautika tattva paramANu hai| isa prakAra Aja hama dekhate haiM ki vijJAna kA paryAya haiN| yaMtra grAhya haiN| inake svarUpa kI siddhi Adhunika sinemA, tathAkathita paramANu khaNDita ho cukA hai, jabaki jaina darzana kA paramANu phoTogrAphI, kemarA, Adi dvArA ho cukI hai| abhI vaijJAnikoM kI pakar3a meM A hI nahIM pAyA hai| vastuta: jaina darzana meM 6. Atapa evaM udyota bhI paramANu evaM skaMdhoM kI hI paryAya jise paramANu kahA jAtA hai, use Adhunika vaijJAnikoM ne kvArka nAma haiM, saMgrahaNIya haiN| diyA hai aura ve Aja bhI usakI khoja meM lage hue haiN| samakAlIna 7. jIva tathA pudgala ke eka kSetra se dUsare kSetra taka Ane jAne bhautikIvidoM kI kvArka kI paribhASA yaha hai ki jo vizva kA saralatama meM sahakArI acetana amUrtika dharma nAmaka dravya hai, jo sarva jagat meM
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________________ 136 vyApta hai| vijJAnavettAoM ne use Ithara nAma diyA hai| 9. jIva aura pudgaloM ko gamana ke uparAnta 'Thaharane meM adharma dravya sahakArI hai jise amUrta, acetana evaM vizvavyApI batAyA gayA hai| vaijJAnikoM ne ise gurutvAkarSaNa zakti nAma diyA hai| 15. pula ko zakti rUpa meM parivartita kiyA jA sakatA hai parantu maiTara aura usekI zakti ko alaga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| 16. iMdriya, zarIra, bhASA Adi 6 prakAra kI paryAptiyoM kA 10. AkAza eka svatantra dravya hai jo samasta dravyoM ko varNana Adhunika jIvanazAstra meM kozikAoM aura tantuoM ke rUpa meM hai| avakAza pradAna karatA hai| vijJAna kI bhASA meM ise 'spesa' kahate haiN| 17. jIva vijJAna tathA vanaspati vijJAna kA jaina vargIkaraNa11. kAla bhI eka bhinna svataMtra dravya hai jise minkoM ne 'phora Adhunika jIvazAstra tathA vanaspatizAstra dvArA AMzika rUpa meM svIkRta 'DAimenzanala thyorI' ke nAma se abhihita karate hue samaya ko kAla ho cukA hai| dravya kI paryAya mAnA hai| (dekhiye - sanmati sandeza, pharavarI, 67, pRSTha 24 pro. nihAlacanda) 18. tattvArthasUtra meM varNita sUrya, tArA, nakSatra Adi kI Ayu prakAra, avasthAeM Adi kA sUkSma varNana Adhunika saurya jagat ke adhyayana se AMzika rUpa meM pramANita hotA hai| yadyapi kucha antara bhI hai| prayoga se prApta satya kI taraha cintana se prApta satya sthUla AkAra meM sAmane nahIM AtA, ataH sAdhAraNatayA janatA kI zraddhA koM apanI ora AkRSTa karanA vijJAna ke lie jitanA sahaja hai, darzana ke lie utanA nhiiN| itanA hone para bhI donoM kitane najadIka haiM- yaha dekhakara Azcarya cakita honA par3atA hai'| zrI uttama canda jaina kI uparokta tulanA kA niSkarSa yahI hai ki jaina darzana kA paramANuvAda Aja vijJAna ke ati nikaTa hai| Aja AvazyakatA hai hama apanI Agamika mAnyatAoM kA vaijJAnika vizleSaNa kara unakI satyatA kA parIkSaNa kreN| jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa 6 12. vanaspati ekendriya jIva hai, usameM sparza saMbaMdhI jJAna hotA hai| sparza jJAna ke kAraNa hI 'lAjavantI' nAmaka paudhA sparza karate hI jhuka jAtA hai| vanaspati meM prANa siddhi karane vAle prasiddha vaijJAnika jagadIzacandra basu hai| vanaspati zAstra cetanatatva' ko proToplAjma nAma detA hai| 13. jaina darzana ne anekAMta svarUpa vastu ke vivecana kI paddhati 'syAdvAda' batAyA, jise vaijJAnika AiMsTIna ne sApekSavAda siddhAMta ke nAma se prasiddha kiyA hai| 14. jaina darzana eka lokavyApI mahAskaMdha ke astitva ko bhI mAnatA hai, jisake nimitta se tIrthaMkaroM ke janma Adi kI khabara jagat meM sarvatra phaila jAtI hai, isa tathya ko Aja TelIpaithI ke rUpa meM zabda kI vAcya zakti AtmAbhivyakti prANIya prakRti pratyeka prANI kI yaha sahaja evaM svAbhAvika pravRtti hai ki vaha apanI anubhUti evaM bhAvanAoM ko dUsare prANiyoM ke sammukha prakaTa karatA hai aura isa prakAra dUsaroM ko bhI apane jJAna, anubhUti aura bhAvanA kA sahabhAgI banAtA haiN| prANI hI isI pArasparika sahabhAgitA kI pravRtti ko umAsvAti ne tatvArtha sUtra (5/21) meM 'parasparopagraho jIvAnAm" nAmaka sUtra ke dvArA spaSTa kiyA hai| vastutaH yaha pArasparika sahabhAgitA kI pravRtti hI sAmAjika jIvana kI AdhAra bhUmi hai| hama sAmAjika haiN| kyoMki hama apanI anubhUtiyoM evaM bhAvanAoM meM dUsaroM ko sahabhAgI banAe binA athavA dUsaroM kI bhAvanAoM evaM anubhUtiyoM meM sahabhAgI bane binA nahIM raha skte| yadi kisI vyakti ko aise sthAna para bandI banA diyA jAe, jahAM use jIvana jIne kI sArI sukha-suvidhAeM to upalabdha hoM, kintu vaha apanI anubhUtiyoM evaM bhAvanAoM ko abhivyakti na de sake, nizcaya hI aise vyakti ko jIvana nissAra lagane lagegA aura saMbhava hai ki vaha kucha samaya pazcAt pAgala hokara AtmahatyA kara le| manuSya hI kyA, pazu-pakSI bhI binA AtmAbhivyakti ke nahIM jI sakate haiN| saMkSepa meM AtmAbhivyakti ke mAdhyama se dUsaroM ko apanI anubhUti aura bhAvanAoM kA sahabhAgI banAnA aura dUsaroM kI abhivyaktiyoM ke artha ko samajhakara unakI anubhUti aura bhAvanAoM meM sahabhAgI bananA yaha prANIya prakRti hai| aba mUla prazna yaha hai ki yaha anubhUti aura bhAvanAoM kA sampreSaNa kaise hotA hai ? AtmAbhivyakti ke sAdhana vizva ke samasta prANI apanI bhAvanAoM evaM anubhUtiyoM kI abhivyakti yA to zArIrika saMketoM ke mAdhyama se karate haiM yA dhvani saMketoM ke dvArA ina dhvani saMketoM ke AdhAra para hI boliyoM evaM bhASAoM kA vikAsa huA hai| vizva ke samasta prANiyoM meM manuSya isI lie sabase adhika saubhAgyazAlI hai ki use abhivyakti yA vicAra .
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________________ jainadarzana meM pudgala aura paramANu 137 sampreSaNa ke lie bhASA milI huI hai| zabda pratIkoM, jo ki sArthaka lekara eka madhyavargIya dRSTikoNa apanAyA hai| ve bauddhoM ke samAna yaha dhvani saMketoM ke suvyavasthita rUpa haiM, ke mAdhyama se apane vicAroM evaM mAnane ke lie sahamata nahIM haiM ki zabda apane artha yA viSaya kA bhAvoM ke abhivyakti de pAnA yahI usakI viziSTatA hai| kyoMki bhASA ke saMsparza hI nahIM karatA hai| kintu ve mImAMsakoM ke samAna yaha bhI nahIM mAdhyama se manuSya jitanI spaSTatA ke sAtha apane vicAroM evaM bhAvoM kA mAnanA cAhate haiM ki zabda apane viSaya kA samagra citra prastuta kara sampreSaNa kara sakatA hai, utanI spaSTatA se vizva kA dUsarA koI prANI sakatA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra zabda aura usake dvArA saMketita nhiiN| udAharaNa ke lie koI bhI vyakti mAtra dhvani-saMketa yA aMga- artha yA viSaya meM eka sambandha to hai, kintu vaha saMbaMdha aisA nahIM hai ki saMketa se kisI vastu kI svAdAnubhUti kI abhivyakti utanI spaSTatA se zabda apane viSaya yA artha kA sthAna hI le le| dUsare zabdoM meM zabda nahIM kara sakatA hai, jitanI bhASA ke mAdhyama se kara sakatA hai| yadyapi aura unake viSayoM meM tadrUpatA kA sambandha nahIM hai| prabhAcandra zabda aura bhASA yA zabda-pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se kI gaI yaha abhivyakti apUrNa, artha meM tadrUpa saMbaMdha kA khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM ki modaka zabda ke AMzika evaM mAtra saMketa hI hotI hai, phira bhI abhivyakti kA isase uccAraNa se mIThe svAda kI anubhUti nahIM hotI hai, ata: modaka zabda adhika spaSTa koI mAdhyama khojA nahIM jA sakatA hai| aura modaka nAmaka vastu-donoM bhinna-bhinna haiN| (nyAyakumudacandra, bhAga2, pR0 536) kintu isase yaha bhI nahIM samajha lenA cAhie ki zabda aura bhASA kA svarUpa unake viSaya artha ke bIca koI saMbaMdha hI nahIM hai| zabda artha yA viSaya __ hamane vyaktiyoM, vastuoM, tathyoM, ghaTanAoM, kriyAoM evaM kA saMketaka to hai, kintu usakA sthAna nahIM le sakatA hai|arth bodha kI bhAvanAoM ke kucha zabda pratIka banA lie haiM aura bhASA hamAre ina zabda- prakriyA meM zabda ko apane artha yA viSaya kA pratinidhi (riprejenTeTiva) pratIkoM kA hI eka suniyojita khela hai| saMkSepa meM kaheM to hamane unheM to kahA jA sakatA hai, phira bhI zabda apane viSaya yA artha kA habahU "nAma" de diyA hai aura inhIM nAmoM ke mAdhyamoM se hama apane bhAvoM, citra nahIM hai, jaise nakze meM pradarzita nadI vAstavika nadI kI saMketaka vicAroM evaM tathya saMbaMdhI jAnakAriyoM kA sampreSaNa dUsaroM taka karate haiN| to hai, kintu na to vaha vAstavika nadI hai aura usakA hUbahU pratibiMba udAharaNa ke lie hama kursI zabda se eka viziSTa vastu ko athavA hI hai, vaise hI zabda aura unase nirmita bhASA bhI apane artha yA viSaya "prema" zabda se eka viziSTa bhAvanA ko saMketita karate haiN| mAtra yahI kI saMketaka to hai, kintu usakA hUbahU pratibiMba nahIM haiN| phira bhI vaha nahIM, vyaktiyoM, vastuoM, guNoM, tathyoM, ghaTanAoM, kriyAoM evaM bhAvanAoM apane viSaya kA eka citra zrotA yA pAThaka ke sammukha avazya prastuta ke pArasparika vibhinna prakAra ke saMbaMdhoM ke lie athavA una saMbaMdhoM ke kara detA hai| jisa prakAra jJAna aura jJeya meM jJApaka aura jJApya saMbaMdha hai, abhAva ke lie bhI zabda pratIka banA lie gae haiN| bhASA kI racanA inhIM usI prakAra zabda aura artha (viSaya) meM pratipAdaka aura pratipAdya saMbaMdha sArthaka zabda pratIkoM ke tAne-bAne se huI hai| bhASA zabda-pratIkoM kI vaha hai|ydypi jaina dArzanika zabda aura usake artha meM sambandha svIkAra karate niyamabaddha vyavasthA hai, jo vaktA ke dvArA sampreSaNIya bhAvoM kA jJAna - haiM, kintu yaha mImAMsakoM ke samAna nitya sambandha nahIM hai, kyoMki bhASA zrotA ko karAtI hai| ke pracalana meM aneka bAra zabdoM ke artha (mIniMga) badalate rahe haiM aura eka samAna uccAraNa ke zabda bhI do bhinna bhASAoM meM bhinna artha rakhate zabda evaM bhASA kI abhivyakti sAmarthya haiN| zabda apane artha kA saMketaka avazya hai, kintu apane artha ke sAtha yahA~ dArzanika prazna yaha hai ki kyA ina zabda-pratIkoM meM bhI usakA nitya tathA tadrUpa saMbaMdha nahIM hai| jaina dArzanika mImAMsakoM ke apane viSaya yA artha kI abhivyakti karane kI sAmarthya hai? kyA kursI samAna zabda aura artha meM nitya tathA tadrUpa sambandha svIkAra nahIM karate zabda kusI nAmaka vastu ko aura prema zabda prema nAmaka bhAvanA ko haiN| unakI mAnyatA hai ki jisa prakAra hasta saMketa Adi apane abhivyaMjanIya apanI samagratA ke sAtha prastuta kara sakatA hai? yaha ThIka hai ki zabda artha ke sAtha anitya rUpa se saMbaMdhita hokara iSTa artha kI abhivyakti apane artha yA viSaya kA vAcaka athavA saMketaka hai, kintu kyA koI kara dete haiM, usI prakAra zabda saMketa bhI apane artha se anitya rUpa se bhI zabda apane vAcya viSaya ko pUrNatayA abhivyakta karane meM sakSama hai? saMbaMdhita hokara bhI arthabodha karA dete haiN|shbd aura artha (viSaya) donoM kyA zabda apane viSaya ke samasta guNa dharmoM aura paryAyoM (avasthAoM) kI vivikta sattAeM haiN| artha meM zabda nahIM hai aura na artha zabdAtmaka hI kA eka samagra citra prastuta kara sakatA hai? vastutaH isa prazna kA uttara hai| phira bhI donoM meM eka aisA saMbaMdha avazya hai, jisase zabdoM meM apane kaThina hai| yadi hama yaha mAnate haiM ki zabda apane artha yA viSaya kA artha ke vAcaka hone kI sImita sAmarthya hai| zabda meM apane artha yA vAcaka nahIM hai to phira bhASA kI prAmANikatA yA upayogitA saMdehAtmaka viSaya kA bodha karAne kI eka sahaja zakti hotI hai, jo usakI saMketa bana jAtI haiM kintu isake viparIta yaha mAnanA bhI pUrNatayA sahI nahIM hai zakti aura prayoga para nirbhara karatI hai| ki zabda apane artha yA viSaya kA sampUrNatA ke sAtha nirvacana karane meM isa prakAra zabda sahaja-yogyatA, saMketaka-zakti aura prayoga samartha hai aura apane vAcya kA yathArtha citra zrotA ke sammukha prastuta kara ina tIna ke AdhAra para apane artha yA viSaya se saMbaMdhita hokara zrotA detA hai| jaina-AcAryoM ne zabda aura usake artha evaM viSaya ke saMbaMdha ko ko arthabodha karA detA hai| jaina-AcAryoM ko bauddhoM kA yaha siddhAnta
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________________ 138 mAnya nahIM hai ki zabda aura artha meM koI sambandha hI nahIM hai, unakA kathana hai ki yadi zabda kA apane artha ke sAtha meM koI sambandha hI nahIM mAnA jAyegA to samasta bhASA vyavahAra kI prAmANikatA hI samApta ho jAegI aura pArasparika abhivyakti kA koI sAdhana hI nahIM rhegaa| isIlie jaina dArzanikoM ne zabda aura artha meM sApekSa evaM sImita vAcya vAcaka sambandha mAnA hai| zabda apane viSaya kA vAcaka to hotA hai, kintu usakI samasta vizeSatAoM kA sampUrNatA ke sAtha nirvacana karane meM samartha nahIM hai| zabdoM meM artha (viSaya) kI abhivyakti kI sAmarthya sImita aura sApekSa hI hai, asImita yA pUrNa aura nirapekSa nhiiN| "prema" zabda prema nAmaka bhAvanA ko abhivyakti to detA hai, kintu usameM prema kI anubhUti kI sabhI gaharAiyAM samAviSTa nahIM haiN| prema ke vividha rUpa haiN| prema anubhUti kI pragAr3atA ke aneka stara haiN| akelA prema zabda una sabakA vAcaka to nahIM ho sktaa| eka premI apanI preyasI se, eka putra apanI mAtA se, eka bhAI apane bhAI se, eka mitra apane mitra se "maiM tumase prema karatA hU~" isa padAvalI kA kathana karate haiM, kintu kyA una sabhI vyaktiyoM ke saMdarbha meM isa padAvalI kA eka hI artha hogA ? ve saba samAna padAvalI kA upayoga karate hue bhI jisa bhAva pravaNatA kI abhivyakti kara rahe haiM, vaha bhinna-bhinna hI hai| do bhinna saMdarbhoM meM aura do bhinna vyaktiyoM ke lie eka hI saMdarbha meM eka zabda kA eka hI artha nahIM ho sakatA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, eka hI padAvalI ke saMdarbha meM vaktA aura zrotA donoM kI bhAva-pravaNatA aura artha grAhakatA bhinna-bhinna bhI ho sakatI hai | artha bodha na kevala zabda-sAmarthya para nirbhara hai, apitu zrotA kI yogyatA para bhI nirbhara hai vastutaH arthabodha ke lie pahale zabda aura usake artha (viSaya) meM eka saMbaMdha jor3a liyA jAtA hai| bAlaka ko jaba bhASA sikhAI jAtI hai to zabda ke uccAraNa ke sAtha use vastu ko dikhAte haiN| dhIre-dhIre bAlaka unameM sambandha jor3a letA hai aura jaba bhI usa zabda ko sunatA hai yA par3hatA hai to use usa artha (viSaya) kA bodha ho jAtA hai, ataH apane viSaya kA artha bodha karA dene kI zakti bhI mAtra zabda meM nahIM, apitu zrotA yA pAThaka ke pUrva saMskAroM meM bhI rahI huI hai arthAt vaha zrotA yA pAThaka kI yogyatA para bhI nirbhara hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki anasIkhI bhASA ke zabda hameM koI artha bodha nahIM de pAte haiN| isIlie jaina dArzanika mImAMsA darzana ke zabda meM svataH arthabodha dene kI sAmarthya kA khaNDana karate haiN| aneka prasaMgoM meM vaktA kA Azaya kucha aura hotA hai aura zrotA use kucha aura samajha letA hai, ataH yaha mAnanA hogA ki zabda aura artha meM vAcaka- vAcya sambandha hote hue bhI vaha sambandha zrotA yA pAThaka sApekSa hai, nirapekSa nahIM anyathA do vyaktiyoM ke dvArA eka hI padAvalI kA bhinna-bhinna rUpa meM artha grahaNa karanA kabhI saMbhava hI nahIM hotaa| jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa 6 dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki apane viSaya kA vAcaka hone kI zakti bhI sImita hI hai| zabda zakti kI sImitatA kA kAraNa yaha hai ki anubhUtiyoM kI evaM bhAvanAoM kI jitanI vividhatAeM haiM, utane zabda nahIM haiN| apane vAcya viSayoM kI apekSA zabda saMkhyA aura zabda zakti donoM hI sImita haiN| udAharaNa ke lie mIThA zabda ko liijie| hama kahate haiM gannA mIThA hai, gur3a moThA hai, Ama mIThA hai, rasagullA moThA hai, tarabUja mIThA hai aadi-aadi| yahAM sabhI ke mIThepana kI anubhUti ke lie eka hI zabda "mIThA" prayoga kara rahe haiM, kintu hama yaha bahuta hI spaSTa rUpa se jAnate haiM ki sabake mIThepana kA svAda eka samAna nahIM hai| tarabUja mIThA hai aura Ama mIThA hai, ina donoM kathanoM meM "mIThA " nAmaka guNa eka hI prakAra kI anubhUti kA dyotaka nahIM hai| yadyapi pazuoM ke dhvani saMketa aura zArIrika saMketa kI apekSA manuSya ke zabda-saMketoM meM bhAvAbhivyakti evaM viSayAbhivyakti kI sAmarthya kAphI vyApaka haiM, kintu usakI bhI apanI sImAeM haiN| bhASA kI aura zabda saMketa kI ina sImAoM para dRSTipAta karanA ati Avazyaka hai| kyoMki vizva meM vastuoM, tathyoM evaM bhAvanAoM kI jo anantatA hai usakI apekSA hamArA zabda bhaNDAra atyanta sImita haiN| eka "lAla" zabda ko hI liijie| vaha lAla nAmaka raMga kA vAcaka hai, kintu lAlimA kI aneka koTiyAM haiM, aneka aMza (DigrIja) hai, aneka saMyoga (kombinezana) haiN| kyA eka hI "lAla" zabda bhinna prakAra kI lAlimAoM kA vAcaka ho sakatA hai| eka aura udAharaNa lIjie eka vyakti jisane gur3a ke svAda kA anubhava kiyA hai, usa vyakti se jisane kabhI gur3a ke svAda kA anubhava nahIM kiyA haiM, jaba yaha kahatA hai ki gur3a mIThA hotA hai to kyA zrotA usase mIThepana kI usI anubhUti ko grahaNa karegA jise vaktA ne abhivyakta kiyA hai| gur3a kI miThAsa kI eka apanI viziSTatA hai usa viziSTatA kA grahaNa kisI dUsare vyakti ko taba taka ThIka vaisA hI nahIM ho sakatA hai, jaba taka ki usane svayaM gur3a ke svAda kI anubhUti nahIM kI ho| kyoM ki zabda sAmAnya hotA hai, sattA vizeSa hotI hai| sAmAnya vizeSa kA saMketaka ho sakatA hai, lekina usakA samagra nirvAcana nahIM kara sakatA hai| zabda apane artha (viSaya) ko mAtra sUcita karatA hai, zabda aura usake viSaya meM tadrUpatA nahIM hai, zabda ko artha (miniMga) diyA jAtA hai| isIlie bauddhoM ne zabda ko vikalpayoni (vikalpayonayaH zabdAH nyAyakumudacandra, pR0 537) kahA hai| zabda apane artha yA viSaya kA vAcaka hote hue bhI usameM aura usake viSaya meM koI samAnatA nahIM hai| yahAM taka ki use apane viSaya kA sampUrNa evaM yathArtha citra nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yadyapi zabda meM zrotA kI cetanA meM zabda aura artha ke pUrva saMyojana ke AdhAra para apane artha (viSaya) kA citra upasthita karane kI sAmarthya to hotI hai, kintu yaha sAmarthya bhI zrotA sApekSa hai| sattA kitanI vAcya kitanI avAcya ? isa prakAra bhASA yA zabda saMketa apane viSayoM ke apane arthoM ke saMketaka to avazya haiM, kintu unakI apanI sImAeM bhI hai| isIlie sattA yA vastu tattva kisI sImA taka vAcya hote hue bhI avAcya banA rahatA hai| vastutaH jaba jIvana kI sAmAnya anubhUtiyoM aura bhAvanAoM ko zabdoM evaM bhASA ke dvArA pUrI taraha se abhivyakta nahIM .
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________________ 139 jainadarzana meM pudgala aura paramANu kiyA jA sakatA hai to phira parama sattA ke nirvacana kA prazna to aura kahalAtA hai, kyoMki zrutajJAna ke do bheda prasiddha haiM- akSara-zruta aura bhI jaTila ho jAtA hai| bhAratIya cintana meM prAraMbha se lekara Aja taka ankssr-shrut| akSarazruta ke tIna bheda haiM- saMjJAkSara, vyaMjanAkSara aura sattA kI vAcyatA kA yaha prazna mAnava-mastiSka.ko jhakajhoratA rahA hai| lbdhykssr| varNa kA dhvani saMketa arthAt zabda-dhvani vyaMjanAkSara hai| varNa vastuta: sattA kI avAcyatA kA kAraNa zabda bhaNDAra tathA zabda zakti kA AkArika saMketa arthAt lipi saMketa saMjJAkSara hai| lipi saMketa aura kI sImitatA aura bhASA kA asti aura nAsti kI sImAoM se ghirA zabda-dhvani saMketa ke dvArA artha ko samajhane kI sAmarthya labdhyakSara hai| honA hai| isIlie prAcInakAla se hI sattA kI avAcyatA kA svara mukhara zabda yA bhASA ke binA mAtra vastu saMketa, aMga saMketa athavA dhvani hotA rahA hai| saMketa dvArA jo jJAna hotA hai vaha anakSara zruta hai| isameM hasta Adi taittirIya upaniSad meM kahA gayA hai ki yato vAco nivartante zarIra ke saMketoM, jhaNDI Adi vastu saMketoM tathA khAMsanA Adi dhvani(2/4)- vANI vahAM se lauTa AtI hai, use vANI kA viSaya nahIM saMketoM ke dvArA apane bhAvoM evaM anubhUtiyoM ko abhivyakta kiyA jAtA banAyA jA sakatA hai| isI bAta ko kenopaniSad meM "yadvAcAvabhyuditam" hai| saMkSepa meM ve sabhI sAMketika sUcanAeM jo kisI vyakti ke jJAna, bhAva (1/4) ke rUpa meM kahA gayA hai| kaThopaniSad meM "neva vAcA na manasA yA vicAra ko sArthaka rUpa se prakaTa kara detI haiM aura jisake dvArA para prAptuM zakyam" kaha kara yaha batAyA gayA hai ki parama sattA kA grahaNa (dUsarA) vyakti unake lakSita artha kA grahaNa kara letA hai, zrutajJAna hai| vANI aura mana ke dvArA saMbhava nahIM hai| mANDUkyopaniSad meM sattA ko cUMki zrutajJAna pramANa hai, ata: mAnanA hogA ki zabda saMketa yA bhASA adRSTa, avyavahArya, agrAhya, alakSaNa, acintya aura avAcya kahA apane viSaya yA artha kA prAmANika jJAna dene meM samartha hai| dUsare zabdoM gayA hai| jaina-Agama AcArAMga kA bhI kathana hai ki "vaha (sattA) meM sat yA vastu vAcya bhI hai| isa prakAra jaina-darzana meM sattA yA vastu dhvanyAtmaka kisI bhI zabda kI pravRtti kA viSaya nahIM hai, vANI usakA tattva ko aMzata: vAcya yA vaktavya aura samagrata: avAcya yA avaktavya nirvacana karane meM kathamapi samartha nahIM hai| vahAM vANI mUka ho jAtI hai kahA gayA hai| yahAM yaha vicAra kara lenA bhI Avazyaka hai ki isa tarka kI vahAM taka pahuMca nahIM hai, vaha buddhi kA viSaya nahIM hai| kisI bhI avaktavyatA kA bhI kyA artha hai? upamA ke dvArA use samajhAyA nahIM jA sakatA hai arthAt usakI koI upamA nahIM dI jA sakatI hai| vaha anupama, arUpI sattA hai| usa apada avaktavya kA artha kA koI pada nahIM hai, arthAt aisA koI zabda nahIM hai, jisa ke dvArA DaoN0 padmarAje ne avaktavya ke artha ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se usakA nirUpaNa kiyA jA sake" (AvArAMga 1/5/6) / cAra avasthAoM kA nirdeza kiyA haiuparyukta sabhI kathana bhASA kI sImitatA aura aparyAptatA ko (1) pahalA vedakAlIna niSedhAtmaka dRSTikoNa, jisameM tathA sattA kI avAcyatA yA avaktavyatA ko hI sUcita karate haiN| kintu vizva-kAraNa kI khoja karate hue RSi isa kAraNa tattva ko na sat prazna yaha hai ki kyA tattva yA sattA ko kisI bhI prakAra vANI kA viSaya aura na asat kahakara vivecita karatA hai yahAM donoM pakSoM kA nahIM banAyA jA sakatA hai? yadi aisA hai to sArA vAk vyavahAra nirarthaka niSedha hai| yahAM sattA kI asti (sat) aura nAsti (asat) rUpa hogaa| zrutajJAna arthAt zAstra aura Agama vyartha ho jaayeNge| yahI kAraNa se vAcyatA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| thA ki jaina cintakoM ne sattA yA tattva ko samagrataH (eja e hola) (2) dUsarA aupaniSadika dRSTikoNa, jisameM sat-asat avAcya yA avaktavya mAnate hue bhI aMzata: yA sApekSata: vAcya maanaa| Adi virodhI tattvoM meM samanvaya dekhA jAtA hai| jaise- "tadejati kyoMki use avaktavya yA vAcya kahanA bhI to eka prakAra kA vacana yA tannejati" "aNoraNIyAn mahato mahIyAna", sadasadvareNyam" aadi| vAk vyavahAra hI hai, yahAM hamArA vAcya yaha hai ki vaha avAcya hai| ata: yahAM donoM pakSoM kI svIkRti hai| yahAM sattA ko do viruddha dharmoM se hameM vyavahAra ke stara para utara kara sattA kI vaktavyatA yA vAcyatA ko yukta mAnakara use asti (hai) aura nAsti (nahIM hai) rUpa bhASA se svIkAra karanA hogaa| kyoMki isI AdhAra para zrutajJAna evaM AgamoM kI avAcya kahA gayA hai| prAmANikatA svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai| (3) tIsarA dRSTikoNa jisameM tattva ko svarUpata: avyapadezya jaina-AcAryoM ne dUsaroM ke dvArA kie gae saMketoM ke AdhAra yA anivarcanIya mAnA gayA hai, yaha dRSTikoNa bhI upaniSadoM meM hI para hone vAle jJAna ko zrutajJAna kahA hai| saMkSepa meM samasta Anubhavika milatA hai| jaise- "yato vAco nivartante", yadvAcAbhyuditya, naiva vAcA jJAna, matijJAna aura sAMketika jJAna zutajJAna haiM, zrutajJAna kI paribhASA na manasA prAptuM zakya: aadi| buddha ke avyAkRtavAda evaM zUnyavAda kI hai- jisa jJAna meM saMketa-smaraNa hai aura jo saMketoM ke niyata artha ko catuSkoTi vinirmukta tattva kI avadhAraNA meM bhI bahuta kucha isI dRSTikoNa samajhane meM samartha hai, vahI zrutajJAna hai|duusre zabdoM meM jo jJAna saMketa kA prabhAva dekhA jA sakatA hai| aura vacana zravaNa ke dvArA hotA hai vaha zrutajJAna hai (vizeSAvazyAbhASya, (4) cauthA dRSTikoNa jaina-nyAya meM sApekSita avaktavyatA yA 120 evaM 121) / sAmAnyatayA zrutajJAna kA mukhya AdhAra zabda hai, sApekSita anirvacanIyatA ke rUpa meM vikasita huA hai jisameM sattA ko kintu hastasaMketa Adi anya sAdhanoM se hone vAlA jJAna bhI zrutajJAna aMzata: vAcya aura samagrataH avAcya kahA gayA hai|
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________________ 140 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 sAmAnyatayA avaktavya ke nimna artha ho sakate haiM- vaktavya yA vAcya to nahIM hai, kintu vaha pUrNatayA avaktavya yA avAcya (1) sat va asat donoM rUpa se sattA kI vAcyatA kA niSedha bhI nahIM hai| yadi hama vastutattva ko pUrNatayA avAcya arthAt anirvacanIya krnaa| mAna leMge to phira bhASA evaM vicAroM ke AdAna-pradAna kA koI rAstA (2) sat, asat aura sadatatatInoM rUpoM se sattA kI vAcyatA hI nahIM raha jaayegaa| ata: jaina dRSTikoNa vastutattva kI anivarcanIyatA kA niSedha krnaa| yA avAcyatA ko svIkAra karate hue bhI yaha mAnatA hai ki sApekSa rUpa (3) sat, asat, sat-asat (ubhaya) aura na sat- na se vaha nirvacanIya yA vAcya bhI hai| sattA aMzata: nirvacanIya hai aura asat (anubhaya) cAroM rUpa se sattA kI vAcyatA kA niSedha krnaa| aMzata: anirvcniiy| kyoMki yahI bAta usake sApekSavAdI dRSTikoNa (4) vastutattva ko svabhAva se hI avaktavya yA vAcya maannaa| aura syAdvAda siddhAMta ke anukUla hai| isa prakAra avaktavyatA ke pUrva arthAt yaha ki vastutattva anubhAva meM to A sakatA hai, kintu kahA nirdiSTa chaha arthoM meM se pahale tIna ko chor3akara antima tInoM ko mAnane nahIM jA sktaa| kyoMki vaha anubhavagamya hai, zabdagamya nhiiN| meM use koI bAdhA nahIM AtI hai| (5) sat aura asat donoM ko yugapad rUpa se svIkAra jainadarzana meM saptabhaMgI kI yojanA meM eka bhaMga avaktavya bhI karanA, kintu usake kathana ke lie koI zabda na hone ke kAraNa hai| saptabhaMgI meM do prakAra ke bhaMga haiM- eka maulika aura dUsare sNyogik| avaktavya khnaa| maulika bhaMga tIna haiM- syAd asti, syAd nAsti aura syAd avktvy| (6) vastutattva ananta dharmAtmaka hai arthAt vastutattva ke dharmoM zeSa cAra bhaMga saMyogika haiM, jo ina tIna maulika bhaMgoM ke saMyoga se bane kI saMkhyA ananta hai, kintu zabdoM kI saMkhyA sImita hai aura isalie hue haiN| prastuta nibaMdha kA uddezya jaina darzana meM avaktavya yA avAcya ke usameM jitane dharma haiM, utane vAcaka zabda nahIM hai| ata: vAcaka zabdoM ke artha ko spaSTa karanA thaa| hamane dekhA ki sAmAnyatayA jaina dArzanikoM abhAva ke kAraNa use aMzata: vAcya aura aMzata: avAcya maannaa| kI avadhAraNA yaha hai ki vastu meM eka hI samaya meM rahe hue sat-asat, yahAM yaha prazna vicAraNIya ho sakatA hai ki jaina-paraMparA meM nitya-anitya, eka-aneka Adi viruddha dharmoM kA yugapad rUpa se isa avaktavyatA ke kauna se artha mAnya rahe haiN| sAmAnyatayA jaina paraMparA arthAt eka hI sAtha pratipAdana karanA bhASAyI sImAoM ke kAraNa meM avaktavyatA ke prathama tInoM niSedhAtmaka artha mAnya nahIM rahe haiN| usakA azakya hai, kyoMki aisA koI bhI kriyApada nahIM hai, jo eka hI kathana mAnya artha yahI hai ki sat aura asat donoM kA yugapad vivecana nahIM meM eka sAtha vidhAna yA niSedha donoM kara ske| ata: paraspara viruddha aura kiyA jA sakatA hai, isalie vastutattva avaktavya hai, kintu yadi hama bhAvAtmaka evaM abhAvAtmaka dharmoM kI eka hI kathana meM abhivyakti kI prAcIna jaina-AgamoM ko dekheM to avaktavyatA kA yaha artha aMtima nahIM. bhASAyI asamarthatA ko spaSTa karane ke lie hI avaktavya bhaMga kI kahA jA sakatA hai| "AcArAMgasUtra" meM AtmA ke svarUpa ko vacanAgocara yojanA kI gii| kintu jaina-paraMparA meM avaktavya kA yahI eka mAtra artha kahA gayA hai| usa apada kA koI pada nahIM hai, arthAt aisA koI pada nahIM rahA hai| nahIM hai, jisake dvArA usakA nirUpaNa kiyA jA ske| ise dekhate hue merI dRSTi meM avaktavya yA avAcyatA kA bhI eka hI rUpa nahIM yaha mAnanA par3egA ki vastusvarUpa hI kucha aisA hai ki use vANI kA hai, prathama to "hai" aura nahIM hai" aise vidhi-pratiSedha kA yugapad (eka mAdhyama nahIM banAyA jA sakatA hai| puna: vastutattva ko anantadharmAtmakatA hI sAtha) pratipAdana saMbhava nahIM hai, ata: use avaktavya kahA gayA hai| aura zabda- saMkhyA kI sImitatA ke AdhAra para bhI vastutattva kI dUsare nirapekSa rUpa se vastutattva kA kathana saMbhava nahIM hai, ataH vastutattva avaktavya mAnA gayA hai, AcArya nemicandra ne gommaTasAra meM anabhilApyabhAva avaktavya hai| tIsare apekSAeM ananta ho sakatI haiM, kintu ananta kA ullekha kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki anubhava meM Aye vaktavya bhAvoM apekSAoM se yugapad rUpa meM vastutattva kA pratipAdana saMbhava nahIM hai, ke anantaveM bhAga kA hI kathana kiyA jA sakatA hai| ata: yaha mAna lenA isalie bhI use avaktavya yA avAcya mAnanA hogaa| cauthe vastu meM ucita nahIM hai ki jaina paraMparA meM avaktavyatA kA kevala eka hI artha ananta vizeSa guNa-dharma haiM, kintu bhASA meM pratyeka guNa-dharma ke vAcaka mAnya hai| zabda nahIM haiM, isalie vastu tattva avAcya hai| pAMcaveM vastu aura usake isa prakAra jainadarzana meM avaktavyatA ke cauthe, pAMcaveM aura chaThe guNadharma "vizeSa" hote haiM aura zabda sAmAnya haiM aura sAmAnya zabda, artha mAnya rahe haiN| hameM yaha bhI dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki sApekSa avaktavyatA vizeSa kI usa viziSTatA kA samagrata: vAcaka nahIM ho sakatA hai| isa aura nirapekSa avaktavyatA meM jaina dRSTi sApekSa avaktavyatA ko svIkAra prakAra "sattA" nirapekSa evaM samagra rUpa se avAcya hote hue bhI karatI hai, nirapekSa ko nhiiN| vaha yaha mAnatI hai ki vastutattva pUrNatayA sApekSata: evaM aMzata: vAcya bhI hai|