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________________ jainadarzana meM paramANu prAcIna jaina dharmagraMtha ke anusAra asala meM chaH dravya haiM : 1. jIva, 2. dharma, 3. adharma, 4. AkAza, 5. kAla aura 6. pudgala / inameM se dharma adharma aura AkAza pUrNataH amUrta haiM arthAt ve varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza va AkRti rahita haiN| jabaki jIva dravya pudgala ke saMyoga se mUrtatva prApta karatA hai / anyathA zuddha Atma dravya bhI amUrta arthAt niraMjana nirAkAra hai / jaina dArzanikoM ne samaya/ kAla ko bhI eka dravya mAnA hai / yaha jainadarzana kI eka vizeSatA hai | ___ saMkSepa meM saMpUrNa brahmAMDa kI pratyeka cIja, cAhe vaha sUkSma ho yA sthUla, dRzya ho yA adRzya, indriyagamya ho yA indriyAtIta, saba kA samAveza kevala pudgala dravya yA pudgalasaMyukta jIva dravya meM hotA hai / aura pudgala dravya kA atisUkSmatama kaNa jisake do bhAga bhUtakAla meM kabhI bhI nahIM huye, vartamAna meM nahIM hote haiM aura bhaviSya meM kabhI bhI unake do bhAga hone kI saMbhAvanA bhI nahIM hai aise sUkSmatama kaNa ko paramANu kahA jAtA hai ! aise bahuta se sUkSmatama paramANu ikaTThe hokara vizva kI koI bhI cIja kA nirmANa kara sakate haiM / jaina siddhAMta ke anusAra pudgala dravya meM anaMta zakti hai / yadyapi AtmA (zuddha jIvatattva) meM bhI anaMta zakti hai, kintu donoM meM bahuta antara hai | AtmA kI zakti svaniyaMtrita hai jabaki pudgala kI zakti paraniyaMtrita hai / __ jainadarzana ke graMthoM meM isa saMpUrNa brahmAMDa ke aura usake pratyeka paramANu va usa paramANu-samUha se niSpanna padArthoM ke bAre meM vistRta vivecanA kI gaI hai| aura AcArAMga nAmaka pavitra jaina Agama meM batAyA hai ki -- "je egaM jANai se savvaM jANai, je savvaM jANai se egaM jANai / " (jo eka ko pahacAnatA hai vaha sabhI ko pahacAnatA hai, jo sabhI ko pahacAnatA hai vaha eka ko bhI pahacAnatA hai / ) yahI eka aura sarva kyA hai usakI spaSTatA karate hue TIkAkAra maharSi zrI zIlAMkAcAryajI kahate haiM ki yaha eka kA matalaba isI brahmAMDa ke pratyeka padArtha kA AdibhUta paramANu jisakA kabhI bhI kisI bhI prakAra se vibhAjana nahIM hotA hai arthAt jo sadA ke liye avibhAjya hai / isa dRSTi se vartamAna vijJAnamAnya paramANu, paramANu hai hI nahIM kyoMki usakA ilekTraoNna, proTaoNna, 16
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________________ | nyuTraoNna, kvArka ityAdi bhinna bhinna prakAra ke sUkSma kaNa meM vibhAjana hotA __ Aja taka proTaoNna ko avibhAjya mAnA jAtA thA, kintu navInatama anusaMdhAna se patA calatA hai ki isa proTaoNna ke mUlabhUta kaNa kvArka haiM aura tIna kvArka ikaTThe hokara eka proTaoNna hotA hai / ___ jainadarzana kI mAnyatA ke anusAra paramANu, isa brahmAMDa ke sabhI padArthoM ke liye AdibhUta ikAI hai aura yahI eka paramANu ko pUrNataH pahacAnane kA matalava hai saMpUrNa brahmAMDa ke sabhI padArtha ko pahacAnanA kyoki yahI eka paramANu bhUtakAla meM isI brahmAMDa ke pratyeka padArtha ke bhAga ke rUpa meM thA aura bhaviSya meM pratyeka padArtha kI AdibhUta ikAI ke rUpa meM rahanevAlA hai / ataH vahI eka hI paramANu ko pUrNataH pahacAnane ke liye samagra brahmAMDa ke pratyeka padArtha kA jJAna jarUrI hai / ataH kahA gayA hai ki jo eka paramANu kA saMpUrNa jJAna prApta karatA hai, use samagra brahmAMDa kA jJAna ho jAtA hai aura jisako samagra brahmAMDa kA jJAna hai vaha eka paramANu ko pUrNataH jAnatA hai / pudagala dravya ke pratyeka paramANu meM varNa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza hotA hai| aura vahI pudgala kA lakSaNa hai / ataH jahA~ bhI kisI bhI yaMtra se yA indriya se varNa yA gaMdha yA rasa yA sparza kA anubhava hotA hai, vahA~ paramANusamUha avazya hote haiM / aura usa padArtha ko paudgalika mAnA jAtA hai / kvacita paramANusamUha bahuta hI alpa mAtrA meM honese usI padArtha ke varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza apanI indriya se grAhya nahIM hote haiM kintu isI vajaha se usake astitva kA niSedha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / udAharaNa ke taura para . alTrAvAyoleTa (pArajAmunI) kiraNeM aura inphrAreDa (adhorakta) kiraNeM, jo cakSu se grAhya nahIM haiM tathApi phoTogrAphika pleTa para usakI asara pAyI jAtI hai / jaina graMtho meM zabda (dhvani), aMdhakAra, udyota, (ThaMDA prakAza, jaise caMdra kA prakAza). Atapa (ThaMDe padArtha meM se nikalane vAlA uSNa prakAza) arthAt sUrya kA prakAza, prabhA arthAt prakAza kA aniyaMtrita prasAra yA parAvartana yA vyatikaraNa, ityAdi ko pudgala ke vikAra svarUpa batAyA haiM / arthAt pudgala ke sUkSmatama aNu (paramANu) se niSpanna mAne haiM / pudgala kA varNana karate hue tattvArtha sUtra (racayitA : vAcaka zrI umAsvAtijI) ke pA~caveM 17
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________________ adhyAya meM batAyA hai ki "pUrayanti galayanti iti pudgalAH" / pudgala dravya meM usake nAma ke anusAra pUraNa va galana kI prakriyA niraMtara calatI rahatI hai | sabhI prakAra ke paudgalika padArthoM meM sarjana arthAt naye naye paramANuoM ke juDane kI tathA pUrva ke paramANusamUha meM se kucheka kI alaga hone kI prakriyA arthAta visarjana niraMtara calatA hI rahatA hai | sUkSmabuddhi se dekhane para koI bhI padArtha niraMtara eka samAna kabhI bhI nahIM rahatA hai / jaise apane zarIra meM | araboM kozikAyeM haiM, usameM se hararoja lAkhoM kozikAoM kA vinAza hotA hai aura dUsarI prAyaH utanI hI yA unase kama yA jyAdA kozikAoM kA nirmANa hotA rahatA hai / ___ paramANu bhautikI meM prApta baMdha (fussion) va bheda (fission) kI prakriyAyeM pUraNa va galana ke zreSThatama udAharaNa haiM / ina donoM prakriyA meM | zakti kI jarUrata hotI hai / kucheka paristhiti meM baMdha (fussion) kI prakriyA se aNuzakti prApta hotI hai to kucheka paristhiti meM bheda (fission) kI prakriyA se aNuzakti prApta hotI hai / paramANu prakriyA meM istemAla kiye jAne vAle yureniyama tathA reDiyama meM se tIna prakAra ke kiraNa (AlphA, vITA, gAmA kiraNa) nikalate haiM / ye kiraNa bhI eka prakAra ke kaNoM kI bAriza hI hai aura yaha oNsIloskopa jaise yaMtra meM spaSTa rUpa se dekhI jA sakatI hai | AlphA kiraNa ke kaNa hiliyama ke aNu kI nAbhi jaise hote haiM / bITA kiraNa meM ilekTraoNna hote haiN| | jabaki gAmA kiraNa prakAza ke kiraNa jaise hote haiM / prakAza ke kiraNa meM| bhI phoTaoNna kaNa hote haiM / jaina graMthoM ke anusAra paramANusamUha ke prakAra ko vargaNA kahA jAtA hai / / saMpUrNa brahmAMDa meM aisI vargaNAoM ke anaMtAnaMta prakAra haiM kintu jIvoM ke liye| upayoga meM AnevAlI vargaNA mukhya rUpa se ATha prakAra kI hai / 1. audArika vargaNA, 2. vaikriya vargaNA, 3. AhAraka vargaNA, 4. tejas vargaNA, 5. bhASA vargaNA, 6. zvAsocchvAsa vargaNA, 7. mano vargaNA, va 8. kArmaNa vargaNA / vargaNA arthAt kisI bhI eka nizcita saMkhyA meM jur3e hue paramANuoM kA samUha | prathama vargaNA arthAt isa brahmAMDa meM vidyamAna bhinna bhinna paramANu, jinakA svataMtra astitva hai | una sabhI paramANuoM kA samAveza prathama vargaNA meM hotA hai / usI taraha dUsarI vargaNA kA artha do do paramANuoM ke samUha / 18
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________________ | tRtIya vargaNA kA artha tIna tIna paramANuoM ke samUha / aise anaMta paramANuoM ke samUha rUpa paramANusamUha kA samAveza audArika vargaNA meM hotA hai / isI audArika vargaNA ke pratyeka paramANusamUha meM anaMta paramANu hote haiM / aura usase hI vartamAna vizva ke pratyakSa dikhAI par3ane vAle prAyaH sabhI padArtha bane haiM / ina vargaNAoM ke paramANusamUha meM jaise-jaise paramANuoM kI saMkhyA baDhatI hai vaise-vaise usameM paramANuoM kA pariNAma jyAdA jyAdA sUkSma hotA jAtA hai | vartamAna sajIva sRSTi yA deva aura nAraka ko chor3akara sabhI jIvoM ke zarIra isI audArika vargaNA ke paramANusamUha se niSpanna haiM / audArika vargaNA meM sthita paramANu bahuta hI sthUla hai / jabaki vaikriya vargaNA ke paramANusamUha meM isa audArika vargaNA ke paramANusamUha meM sthita paramANu se jyAdA paramANu hote haiM / ataH svabhAvataH | usakA pariNAma jyAdA sUkSma banatA hai / tIsare krama meM AnevAlI AhAraka vargaNA ke paramANusamUha meM vaikriya vargaNA ke paramANusamUha se jyAdA paramANu hote haiM / ataH ve jyAdA ghana va sUkSma hote haiM / isa AhAraka vargaNA ke paramANusamUha kA upayoga viziSTa | prakAra ke jJAnI sAdhu-saMtapuruSa hI kara sakate haiM / vartamAna samaya meM isa pRthvI para aise koI jJAnI saMta puruSa nahIM hai, ataH isa vargaNA ke | paramANusamUha kA koI upayoga nahIM hai / usake bAda cauthe krama meM AyI taijas vargaNA ke paramANusamUha meM sthita | paramANu jyAdA sUkSma hote haiM / aura pratyeka sajIva padArtha kA sUkSma zarIra | isI vargaNA ke paramANusamUha se niSpanna hai / isa vargaNA ke paramANusamUha kA mukhya kArya usI sajIva padArtha ke zarIra meM AhAra kA pAcana karanA hai aura usase bhUkha lagatI hai / bAda meM usase bhI jyAdA sUkSma pariNAmavAle paramANuoM ke samUha svarUpa bhASA vargaNA hai / isa vargaNA ke paramANusamUha kA upayoga kevala prANI hI kara sakate haiM / kintu vanaspati ityAdi jinako | kevala eka hI indriya hai ve isa bhASA vargaNA ke paramANusamUha kA upayoga nahIM kara sakate haiM / saMkSepa meM, AvAja bhI paudgalika hai / zvAsocchvAsa vargaNA ke | paramANu se jyAdA sUkSma hai paramANusamUha ke paramANu, bhASA vargaNA ke / inakA upayoga sajIva sRSTi ke sabhI jIva 19
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________________ karate haiM / aura binA zvAsocchavAsa koI bhI jIva jI nahIM sakatA hai aisA Adhunika vijJAna bhI kahatA hai / jaina zAstroM ke anusAra vanaspati sahita pRthvI arthAt patthara, miTTI ityAdi , pAnI, agni va vAyu meM bhI jIva haiM / ve bhI zvAsocchavAsa kI kriyA karate haiM taba isa vargaNA ke paramANusamUha kA | upayoga nizcitarUpa se karate haiM / mano vargaNA ke paramANusamUha ke paramANu kI saMkhyA zvAsocchavAsa vargaNA ke paramANusamUha meM sthita paramANuoM kI saMkhyA se jyAdA hotI hai / isa vargaNA ke paramANusamUha kA upayoga manavAle manuSya va prANI kara sakate haiM / / inakA vizeSa upayoga vicAra karane meM hI hotA hai / vartamAnakAlIna vijJAnI bhI mana ko tIvra gativAlA mAnate hai kyoMki apanA mana eka saikaMDa meM yA | unase bhI sUkSma samaya meM lAkhoM yA karoDoM mAIla dUra jA sakatA hai aura | unake bAre meM vicAra kara sakatA hai / yaha camatkAra mana va manovargaNA ke | paramANusamUha kA hI hai | __ aba aMta meM atyaMta sUkSma paramANuoM ke samUha svarUpa kArmaNa vargaNA kI bAta AtI hai / isa vargaNA ke paramANusamUha meM saba se jyAdA paramANu hote haiM| | isa vargaNA kA upayoga pratyeka sajIva padArtha karatA hai / sabhI sajIva padArtha kI AtmA se saMbaddha karma, isa kArmaNa vargaNA ke paramANusamUha svarUpa hI hote haiM / yadi koI vijJAnI, isa vargaNA ke paramANuoM ko kisI bhI yaMtra se dekhane meM samartha ho sake, to vaha usI vyakti yA sajIva padArtha ke bhUta-bhaviSya va vartamAna dekhane meM samartha ho sakatA hai kintu isa vargaNA ke paramANu kisI bhI yaMtra se nahIM dekhe jA sakate haiM / isilie to AdhyAtmika zakti va atIndriya jJAna cAhiye / jo vartamAna samaya meM prApta karanA azakya nahIM tathApi bahuta durlabha to hai hI / vijJAnIyoM ne aNu, paramANu tathA ilekTraoNna, proTaoNna, nyUTraoNna, pojhiTraoNna, kvArka ityAdi bahUta se mUlabhUta sUkSma kaNoM kA AviSkAra kiyA haiM ve sabhI isa vargaNA ke prathama prakAra audArika vargaNA meM A sakate haiM / jaina zAstrakAroM ne pudgala dravya ke varNana meM isake varNa ke mukhya rUpa se pA~ca prakAra batAye haiM / sapheda, lAla, pIlA, nIlA (bhUrA) va kAlA / citrakAma ke viSaya meM sapheda va kAle raMga ko choDakara mukhyarUpa se tIna raMga batAye haiM / bAkI ke sabhI raMga ina tInoM raMgoM ke saMyojana se banate haiM / 20
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________________ raMgIna chavi ke chapAI kAma meM bhI lAla, pIlA, bhUrA va kAle raMga kA upayoga hotA hai / gaMdha ke do prakAra haiM :1. sugaMdha, aura 2. durgadha / rasa ke pA~ca prakAra haiM : 1. kaDuA, 2. tIkhA, 3. kasailA, 4. khaTaTA, 5. madhura / khAre (lavaNa) rasa kI yahA~ ginatI nahIM kI hai kintu kahIM kahIM khAre rasa ko chaThe rasa ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA hai / / sparza ke ATha prakAra haiM : 1. guru arthAta bhArI, 2. laghu arthAta halakA, 3. mRdu / komala, 4. karkaza, 5. zIta / ThaMDA, 6. uSNa / garma, 7. snigdha / |cikanA, 8. rukSa arthAt khuradarA / / | eka hI svataMtra paramANu meM zIta yA uSNa, aura snigdha yA rukSa aise kevala do hI sparza hote haiM / jabaki anaMta paramANuoM se niSpanna paramANusamUha meM kabhI kabhI paraspara viruddha na ho aise cAra sparza hote haiM / to kucheka meM ATho sparza hote haiM / Upara batAyI gaI AThoM prakAra kI vargaNAmeM se prathama cAra prakAra kI vargaNA ke paramANusamUha meM AThoM prakAra ke sparza hote haiM to zeSa cAra prakAra kI vargaNA ke paramANusamUha meM cAra prakAra ke sparza hote haiM | ___ baMgAlI vijJAnI DaoN. satyendranAtha bosa kA bosa-AinsTAina sTaeNTisTiksa, DaoN. pra. cu. vaidya kA kiraNotsArI tArA ke gurutvAkarSaNa kSetra saMbaMdhita anusaMdhAna jainadarzana kI paramANu saMbaMdhita kucheka avadhAraNAoM ko samarthana dete haiM / bosa-AinsTAina sTaeNTisTiksa Adarza vAyu ke kaNa va phoTaoNna kI samajha detA hai / jainadarzana anusAra isI brahmAMDa meM AkAza pradeza (Space-points) maryAdita pramANa meM haiM / jabaki pudgala paramANu kI saMkhyA anaMta hai / eka AkAza pradeza (Space-point) arthAta eka svataMtra paramANu ko rahane ke liye Avazyaka avakAza 1 aise maryAdita AkAza pradeza |meM anaMta pudgala paramANu kaise ho sakate haiM ? eka AkAza pradeza meM kevala eka hI paramANu raha sakatA hai tathApi usI AkAza pradeza meM anaMta paramANuoM ke samUha svarUpa pudgala-skaMdha arthAt anaMta pudagala paramANu bhI raha sakate haiN| jainadarzana meM prApta bhautikI kA yahI siddhAMta AThoM prakAra ke karma se mukta zarIrarahita AtmA para bhI lAgU hotA hai / 21
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________________ mokSa meM mukta AtmA kA sthAna hai / ye mukta AtmAe~ arUpI va azarIrI haiM| | unameM sabhI kA svataMtra astitva aura jaina siddhAMta anusAra mukta hote| samaya arthAta nirvANa ke samaya unake zarIra kI jo U~cAI hotI hai usa kI do tRtIyAMza U~cAI mokSa meM usI AtmA kI hotI hai / tathApi jisa sthAna para eka mukta AtmA hotI hai usI sthAna para anya anaMta mukta AtmAe~ bhI hotI hai / isakI sarala samajha dete hue jaina dharmagraMthoM meM usa ke vRttikAra AcArya bhagavaMta dIpaka ke prakAza kA udAharaNa dete haiM / jaise ki eka khaMDa meM eka choTA sA dIpaka jalAyA jAya to saMpUrNa khaMDa meM usakA prakAza phaila jAtA hai| yadi usI khaMDa meM aise 20 - 25 yA seMkaDoM dIpaka jalAyA jAya to khaMDa kI divAloM ke Upara aura khaMDa meM sabhI jagaha sabhI dIpaka kA prakAza hotA hai kintu kisI eka jagaha kevala eka hI dIpaka kA prakAza ho aisA nahIM hotA hai / madhyapradeza ke pro. pI. ema. agravAla ke matAnusAra eka hI AkAza pradeza meM anaMta paramANuoM kA avasthAna va usI prakAra mokSa meM samAna AkAza pradeza meM anaMta AtmAoM kA avasthAna bosa-AinsTAina sTaeNTisTiksa dvArA samajhAyA jA sakatA hai | DaoN. pra. cu. vaidya kA kiraNotsArI tAraka ke gurutvAkarSaNa kSetra saMbaMdhita anusaMdhAna bhI jainadarzana ke pudgala paramANu siddhAMta kA samarthana karatA hai / / unake anusaMdhAna anusAra kiraNotsArI tAre yA sUrya ke gurutvAkarSaNa utane hI dravyamAna va kada vAle sAmAnya arthAta kiraNotsarga nahIM karane vAle tAre yA sUrya se kama hotA hai / usakA gaNita unhoMne samIkaraNa dvArA diyA hai / / jainadarzana anusAra zakti guNa hai aura ' guNaparyAyavad dravyam ' (guNa va paryAyayukta ho vaha dravya kahalAtA hai|) (tattvArtha sUtra, adhyAya 5. sUtra - 37) anusAra vaha dravya meM rahatA hai / aura jo pudgala mUrta / rUpI dravya hai use dravyamAna (mass) avazya hotA hai / prakAza kI kiraNa bhI dravya haiM, guNa nahIM / " kiraNA guNA na, davvam / ' usI dravya meM hI zakti svarUpa guNa hai / / ataH kiraNotsArI tArA yA sUrya, prakAza kA utsarjana karatA hai taba vastutaH usameM se sUkSma kaNa hI utsarjita hote haiM ina sUkSma kaNa kA bhI dravyamAna (mass) hotA hai aura ve jinameM se utsarjita hote haiM usakA dravyamAna bhI kama hotA hai aura ve unake gurutvAkarSaNa kSetra meM Aye huye padArtha para ApAta hote haiM aura usakI gati meM yA usa tAre yA sUrya kI ora ke AkarSaNa meM 22
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________________ - kamI hotI hai / hAlA~ki, yaha kamI prakAza ke vegamAna (momentum = p=mv=me) anusAra bahuta hI kama hotI hai / aisI nagaNya kamI kA gaNita DaoN. pra. cu. vaidya ne hameM diyA hai / yadyapi Adhunika vijJAna meM kahIM kahIM phoTaoNna kaNoM kA dravyamAna 3.0 x 10 43 batAyA hai tathApi Adhunika | bhautikI phoTaoNna ko zUnya dravyamAna yukta mAnatI hai / __ Adhunika bhautikI aisA mAnatI hai ki sUrya Adi yA usase adhika dravyamAna vAle tArAoM ke jyAdAtara gurutvAkarSaNa ke kAraNa usake AsapAsa kA AkAza saMkucita hotA hai / usameM se prasArita hone vAle padArtha kA mArga bhI thor3AsA vakrAkAra banatA hai / vastutaH jaina dArzanika mAnyatA anusAra AkAza eka akhaMDa dravya hai / vaha apaudgalika hai ataH vaha niSkriya aura nirguNa hai / hAlA~ki naiyAyika darzanavAle zabda ko AkAza kA guNa mAnate haiM kintu jainadarzana zabda ko pUrNataH paudgalika mAnatA hai aura vaha Adhunika vaijJAnika upakaraNa dvArA bhI siddha ho sakatA hai / ataH jaina dArzanika mAnyatA anusAra nirguNa va niSkriya AkAza para kisI bhI padArtha ke gurutvAkarSaNa kA tanika bhI asara nahIM hotA hai kintu kisI bhI padArtha ke gurutvAkarSaNa kSetra meM AnevAle paudgalika padArthoM para hI usake gurutvAkarSaNa kA asara hotA hai / yadi vahI padArtha - tArA yA sUrya - kiraNotsarga karatA ho to, vahI kiraNotsarga usI tArA yA sUrya kA gurutvAkarSaNa kama karatA hai / yahI kamI prakAza / phoTaoNna ke svarUpa meM jina zakti kA utsarjana tArA yA sUrya karatA hai, usI zakti arthAt phoTaoNna ko bhI dravyamAna (mass) hone kA pramANa hai| __ AinsTAina kI janarala thyorI opha rileTIviTI (General Theory of Relativity) ke anusAra sUrya ke gurutvAkarSaNa se tAre ke kiraNa ke vakrIkaraNa (Solar deflection of Star light) dvArA prApta usI tAre kA sthAnAMtara saMpUrNa khagrAsa sUryagrahaNa ke daurAna nApA gayA / ataeva phoTaoNna ko hai aisA siddha hotA hai kyoMki jo paudgalika hai arthAt jisake dravyamAna hai usa para hI gurutvAkarSaNa kA asara hotA hai, yadi prakAza ke kaNoM kA dravyamAna zUnya hotA to kisI bhI prakAra ke prabala gurutvAkarSaNa kA una para | koI asara nahIM ho sakatA / kintu Upara batAyA usI prakAra G. T. R. meM | tAre kI kiraNa para sUrya ke prabala gurutvAkarSaNa kI asara pAyI jAtI hai / 23
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________________ ataeva prakAza ke kaNoM kA dravyamAna zUnya nahIM hai, aisA siddha hotA hai / hAlA~ki yaha merA apanA anusaMdhAna hai isake sAtha saba loga sahamata ho aisA maiM nahIM kaha sakatA, kintu nikaTa ke bhaviSya meM sabhI vijJAnI mere isa | anusaMdhAna se sahamata hoMge to mujhe tanika bhI Azcarya nahIM hogA / yahI hai jainadarzana kA adbhuta paramANu vijJAna / If physics leads us today to a world view which essentially mystical. it returns. in a way, to its beginning. 2500 years ago...... Western science is finally overcoming this view and coming back to those of the early Greek and Eastern philosophies. This time. however, it is not only based on intuition. but also on experiments of great precision and sophistication, and on a rigorous and consistent mathematical formalism. Fritjof Capra 24