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________________ jaina darzana meM mokSa kA svarUpa, eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana * jaina darzana ke anusAra saMvara ke dvArA karmoM ke Agamana kA nirodha ho jAne para aura nirjarA ke dvArA samasta purAtana karmoM kA kSaya ho jAne para AtmA kI jo niSkarma zuddhAvasthA hotI hai use 'mokSa' kahA jAtA hai / karma maloM ke abhAva meM karma janita AvaraNa yA bandhana bhI nahIM rahate aura yaha bandhana kA abhAva hI mukti hai" / mokSa AtmA kI zuddha svarUpAvasthA hai / anAtmA meM mamatva Asakti rUpa AtmAbhimAna kA dUra ho jAnA yahI mukti hai / yahI AtmA kI zuddhAvasthA hai / bandhana aura mukti kI yaha samagra vyAkhyA paryAya dRSTi kA viSaya hai / AtmA kI virUpa paryAya ho bandhana hai aura svarUpa paryAya mokSa hai| para padArthaM, pudgala paramANu yA jar3a karma vANioM ke nimatta se AtmA meM jo paryAyeM utpanna hotI haiM aura jinake kAraNa para maiM ( merA pana) utpanna hotA hai yahI virUpa paryAya hai, paraparigati hai, sva kI para meM avasthiti hai, yahI bandhana hai aura isakA abhAva hI mukti hai / bandhana aura mukti donoM eka hI Atma dravya yA cetanA kI do avasthAeM mAtra haiM, jisa prakAra svarNa kuNDala aura svarNa mukuTa 1. kRtsna karmakSayAn mokSaH, tatvArtha sUtra 101 2. bandha viyogo mokSaH - abhidhAna rAjendra, khaNDa 6, pR. 431 svarNa kI do avasthAeM haiN| lekina yadi mAtra vizuddha tatva dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAe to bandhana aura mukti donoM kI vyAkhyA sambhava nahIM hai kyoMki Atmatatva svarUpa kA parityAga kara parasvarUpa meM kabhI bhI pariNita nahIM hotA / vizuddha tatvadRSTi se to AtmA nitya mukta 3. mukkho jIvassa zuddha rUbassa - bahI, khaNDa 6, pR. 431 4. tulanA kIjie (a) AtmA mImAMsA (dalasukhabhAI), pR. 66-67 DA~. sAgaramala jaina ( ba ) mameti badhyate janturnamameti pramucyate / - garur3a purANa / 141
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________________ hai lekina jaba tatva kI paryAyoM ke sambandha meM vicAra / prArambha kiyA jAtA hai to bandhana aura mukti kI sambhAvanAeM spaSTa ho jAtI hai, kyoMki bandhana aura mukti, paryAya avasthA meM hI sambhava hotI hai| mokSa ko tatva mAnA gayA hai lekina vastutaH mokSa bandhana ke abhAva kA hI nAma hai| jainAgamoM meM mokSa tatva para tIna dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA hai 1 bhAvAtmaka dRSTikoNa 2. anAvAtmaka dRSTikoNa anirvacanIya dRSTi 3. koNa | mokSa para bhAvAtmaka dRSTikoNa se vicAra jaina dArzanikoM ne mokSAvasthA para bhAvAtmaka dRSTikoNa se vicAra karate hue use nibAdha avasthA kahA haiM / mokSa meM samasta bAdhAoM ke abhAva ke kAraNa AtmA ke nija guNa pUrNa rUpa se prakaTa ho jAte haiM, mokSa bAdhaka tatvoM kI anupasthiti aura pUrNatA pragaTana hai| AcArya kundakunda ne mokSa kI bhAvAtmaka dazA kA citraNa karate hue use zuddha, ananta catuSTaya yukta akSaya, avinAzI, nirbAdha, atIndriya anupama, nitya, avicala, anAlamba kahA hai| AcArya usI grantha meM Age calakara mokSa meM nimna bAtoM kI vidyamAnatA kI sUcanA karate haiM / ( 1 ) pUrNajJAna (2) pUrNadarzana ( 3 ) pUrNa saukhya (3) pUrNa paurUSa (4) pUrNavIrya (zakti) (5) amUrtatA (6) astitva (7) sapradezatA AcArya kundakunda ne mokSa dazA ke / jina sAta bhAvAtmaka tathyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai ve sabhI bhAratIya darzanoM ko svIkAra nahIM hai / vedAnta sapradezatA ko asvIkAra kara detA hai| sAMkhya, saukhya evaM vIrya ko, 5. annAvA avasthANaM abhidhAna rAjendra khaNDa 6, pR. 431 6. niyamasAra 176.177 7. vijjadi kevalaNANaM, kevala sokkhaM ca kevalaviriyaM / kevaladiTTha amuta asthitta sappadesataM | aura nyAya, vaizeSika jJAna aura darzana ko bhI asvIkAra kara dete haiM / bauddha zUnyavAda astitva ko bhI nirAza kara detA hai aura cArvAka darzana mokSa kI dhAraNA ko bhI samApta kara detA hai| vastutaH mokSAvasthA ko anirvacanIya mAnate hue bhI vibhinna dArzanika mAnya tAoM ke prati uttara ke lie hI mokSa kI isa bhAvAtmaka avasthA kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| bhAvAtmaka dRSTi se jaina vicAraNA mokSAvasthA meM ananta catuSThaya kI upasthiti para bala detI hai / ananta jJAna ananta darzana ananta saukhya aura ananta zakti ko jaina vicAraNA meM ananta catuSThaya kahA jAtA hai| bIja rUpa meM yaha ananta catuSThaya sabhI jIvAtmAoM meM upasthita hai mokSa dazA meM inake avarodhaka karmoM kA kSaya ho jAne se yaha pUrNa rUpa meM pragaTa ho jAte haiM / yaha pratyeka AtmA ke svabhAvika guNa hai jo mokSAvasthA meM pUrNa rUpa se abhivyakta ho jAtA hai / ananta catuSTaya meM anantajJAna, anantadarzana, ananta zakti aura ananta saukhya (adhyAvAghasukha) Ate haiN| lekina aSTakamoM ke prANa ke AdhAra para siddhoM ke ATha guNoM kI mAnyatA bhI janavicAraNA meM pracalita hai| 1. jJAnavaraNIya karma ke naSTa ho jAne se muktAtmA ananta jJAna yA pUrNa jJAna se yukta hotA hai / 2. darzanAvaraNIya karma ke naSTa ho jAne se ananta darzana se sampanna hotA hai| 3. vedanIya karma ke kSaya ho jAne se vizuddha, anazvara, AdhyAtmika sukhoM se yukta hotA hai / 4. moha karma ke naSTa ho jAne se yathArtha dRSTi ( kSAyika samyakatva) se yukta hotA hai| moha karma ke darzana moha aura cAritra moha aise, do bhAga kie jAte haiM / darzana moha ke prahANa se prathArtha dRSTi aura cAritra moha ke yathArtha niyamasAra 101 102
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________________ * se cAritra ( kSAyikacAritra) kA pragaTana hotA hai, lekina mokSa dazA meM kriyA rUpa cAritra nahIM hotA, mAtra dRSTi rUpa cAritra hI hotA hai, ataH use kSAyika samyaktva ke antargata hI mAnA jA sakatA hai, vaise ATha karmoM kI 31 prakRtiyoM ke prahANa ke AdhAra para siddhoM ke 31 guNa mAne gaye haiM, usameM yathAsyAta cAritra ko svataMtra guNa mAnA gayA hai| 5 jAyukarma ke kSaya ho jAne se muktAtmA azarIrI hotA hai ataH vaha indriyagrAhya nahIM hotA / 7 gotra karma ke naSTa ho jAne se vaha agurulaghutva se mukta ho jAtA hai arthAt sabhI siddha samAna hote haiM unameM choTA bar3A yA U~ca nIca kA bhAva nahIM hotaa| 8 antarAyakarma kA prahANa ho jAne se bAdhA rahita hotA hai, arthAt ananta zakti sampanna hotA hai" / ananta zakti kA yaha vicAra mUlataH niSedhAtmaka hI hai yaha mAtra bAdhAoM kA abhAva hai / lekina isa prakAra aSTa karmoM ke prahANa ke AdhAra para muktAtmA ke ATha guNoM kI vyAkhyA kA mAtra eka vyavahArika saMka lpanA hI hai| usake vAstavika svarUpa kA nirvAcana nahIM hai| vyavahArika dRSTi se use samajhane kA prayAsa mAtra hai isakA mAtra vyavahArika mUlya hai| vastutaH to vaha anirvacanIya hai| AcArya nemIcandra gommaTasAra meM spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM, siddhoM ke ina guNoM kA vidhAna mAtra siddhAramA ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM jo ekAntika mAnyatAeM haiM unake niSedha ke lie hai" / muktAtmA meM kevala jJAna aura kevala darzana ke rUpa meM jJAnopayoga aura darzanopayoga ko svIkAra karake muktAtmA ko jar3a mAnane vAlI vaibhASika bauddhoM aura nyAya-vaizeSika darzana kI dhAraNA kA pratiSedha kiyA gayA hai| muktAtmA ke astitva yA akSayatA ko svIkAra kara mokSa ko abhAvAtmaka rUpa meM mAnane vAle jar3avAdI tathA sautrAntika bauddhoM kI mAnyatA kA nirasana kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki mokSa dazA kA samagra bhAvAtmaka citraNa apanA niSedhAtmaka mUlya hI rakhatA hai / yaha vidhAna bhI niSedha ke lie hai| abhAvAtmaka dRSTi se mokSa tatva para vicAra- jainAgamoM meM mokSAvasthA citraNa niSedhAtmaka rUpa se bhI huA hai| prAcInatama jainAgama AcArAMga meM muktAtmA kA niSedhAtmaka citraNa nimna prakAra se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| mokSAvasthA meM samasta karmoM kA kSaya ho jAne se muktAtmA meM samasta karma janya upAdhiyoM kA bhI abhAva hotA hai ataH muktAtmA na dIrgha hai, na hvasva hai na vRtAkAra hai na trikoNa hai na catuSkoNa hai, na parimaNDala saMsthAna vAlA hai| vaha kRSNa, nIla, pIta, rakta aura zvetavarNa vAlA bhI nahIM hai, vaha sugandha aura durgandhavAlA bhI nahIM hai| na vaha tIkSNa kaTuka, khaDDA, mIThA evaM amla rasa vAlA hai / usameM gurU, laghu, komala, kaThora, snigdha kakSa, zIta evaM uSNa Adi sparza guNoM kA bhI abhAva hai / vaha na strI hai, na puruSa hai, na napusaMka hai / isa prakAra muktAtmA meM rUpa, rasa, varNa, gandha aura sparza bhI nahIM hai| AcArya kundakunda niyamasAra meM 8. kucha vidvAnoM ne agurulaghutva kA artha na halkA na bhArI aisA bhI kiyA hai / 9. pravacanasArodvAra dvAra 276, gAthA 1513-1594 10. sadAsiva saso makkaDi buddhau naivAiyo ya besesI / Isara maMDala daMsaNa vidUsaNaTThe kayaM edaM // gommaTasAra ( nemicandra ) 11. se na dIhe, na hasse, na vaTTe, na taMse, na cauraMse, na parimaMDale, na kiNhe, na nIle, na lohie, na hAlide, na sukille, na surabhigandhe, na durabhigandhe, na titte, na kaDue, na kasAe, na aMbile, na mehure, na kakkhar3e, na maue, na gurUe, na lahue, na sIe, na uNhe, na niddha e na lukkhe, na kAU, na rUhe, na saMge, na itthI, na purise, na agrahA, se na sadde na rUve na gaMdhe, na rase, na phAse AcArasaMgasUtra 12526 " J 143
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________________ mokSadazA kA niSedhAtmaka citraNa prastuta karate hue likhate hai mokSadazA meM na sukha hai na duHkha hai, na pIlA hai, na bAdhA hai, na janma hai, na maraNa hai| na vahAM indriyAM hai, na upasarga hai, na moha hai, na vyAmoha hai, na nidrA hai; na vahA cintA hai, na Arta aura raudra vicAra hI, vahA~ to dharma (zubha) aura zukla ( prazasta ) vicAroM kA bhI abhAva hai| mokSAvasthA to sarva saMkalpoM kA abhAva hai, vaha buddhi aura vicAra kA viSaya nahIM hai vaha pAtikrAMta hai| isa prakAra muktAvasthA kA niSedhAtmaka vivecana usakI anirvacanIyatA ko batAne ke lie hai| mokSa kA anirvacanIya svarUpa mokSatatva kA niSedhAtmaka nirvAcana anivArya rUpa se hameM usakI anirvacanIyatA kI aura hI le jAtA hai / pAramArthika dRSTi se vicAra karate hue jaina dArzanikoM ne use anirvacanIya hI mAnA hai / AvArAMga sUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai samasta svara vahAM se lauTa Ate haiM, arthAt muktAtmA dhvanyAtmaka kisI bhI zabda kI pravRti kA viSaya nahIM hai, vANI usakA nirvacana karane meM kadApi samartha nahIM hai vahAM vANI mUka ho jAtI, tarka kI vahAM taka pahuMca nahIM hai, buddhi (mati) use grahaNa karane meM asamartha hai, 14 arthAt yaha vANI, vicAra aura buddhi kA viSaya nahIM hai| / kisI bhI upamA ke dvArA bhI use nahIM samajhAyA jA sakatA hai kyoMki use koI upamA nahIM dI jA sakatI, vaha anupama hai, arUpI sattAdhAna hai| usa apada kA koI pada nahIM hai arthAt aisA koI zabda nahIM hai jisake dvArA usakA nirUpaNa kiyA jA sake 13 / usake bAre meM kevala itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai, vaha arUpa, arasa avarNa, agaMdha aura asparza hai kyoMki yaha indriyagrAhma nahIM hai / gItA meM mokSa kA svarUpa 12. gavi duHkhaM gavi suklaM gavi pIDA Nevavijjade bAhA / Navi maraNaM Navi jaNaNaM tattheva ya hoI nivvANaM || Niva iMdiya uvasaggA Niva moho vimhiyo Na NiddAya / Na va tiNhA zeva chuhA tattheva havadi nivvANaM // 13. sabve sarA niyati, takka jattha na vijjada, maI tatva na - ubampa na vijjae asvI sattA apayassa payaM nattha / tulanA kIjie yato vAco nivartante aprApya manasA saha - taittarIya 26 na cakSuSA gRhyate nA'pi vAcA -muNDaka 3 / 116 tataH padaM tatparimArgitavya, yasmingatA na nivartanti bhUyaH / gItA kI samagra sAdhanA kA lakSya paramatatva, brahma akSara puruSa athavA puruSotama kI prApti kahA jA sakatA hai / gItAkAra prasaMgAntara se use hI mokSa nirvANapada, avyaya pada, paramapada paramagati aura paramadhAma bhI kahatA hai| jaina evaM bauddha vicAraNA ke samAna gItAkAra kI dRSTi meM bhI saMsAra punarAgamana yA janma maraNa kI prakriyA se yukta hai jabaki mokSa punarAgamana yA janma maraNa kA abhAva hai| gItA kA sAdhaka isI preraNA ko lekara Age bar3hatA hai ( jarAmaraNamokSAya 7.29) aura kahatA hai, "jisako prApta kara lene para punaH saMsAra meM nahIM lauTanA hotA hai usa parama pada kI gaveSaNA karanA cAhie "14 | gItA kA Izvara bhI sAdhaka ** - - niyamasAra 176-176 gahiyA oe apyaiTThANassa veyana - AcArAMga 1 / 5 / 6 / 171 gItA 1534
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________________ ko Azvasta karate hue yahI kahatA hai ki "jise prApta brahma paramatatva, svabhAva (AtmA kI svabhAva dazA) kara lene para punaH saMsAra meM AnA nahIM hotA, vahI aura AdhyAtma bhI kahA jAtA hai / gItA kI dRSTi meM merA paramadhAma (svasthAna) hai|" paramasiddhi ko prApta mokSa nirvANa hai paramazAnti kA adhisthAna hai| / jaina hue mahAtmAjana mere ko prApta hokara duHkhoM ke ghara isa dArzanikoM ke samAna gItA bhI yaha svIkAra karatI hai ki asthira purnajanma ko prApta nahIM hote haiN| brahmaloka mokSa sukhAvasthA hai| gItA ke anusAra muktAtmA brahmabhUta paryanta samana jagata punarAvRti yukta hai / lekina jo bhI hokara atyanta sukha (ananta saukhya) kA anubhava karatA mujhe prApta kara letA hai usakA purnajanma nahIM hotaa| hai1 / yadyapi gItA evaM jaina darzana meM muktAtmA meM jisa "mokSa ke anAvRtti rUpa lakSaNa ko batAne ke sAtha hI sukha kI kalpanA kI gaI hai vaha na aindriya sukha hai na vaha mokSa ke svarUpa kA nirvacana karate hue gItA kahatI hai mAtra du:khAbhAva rUpa sukha hai| varan vaha atIndriya "isa avyakta se bhI pare anya sanAtana avyakta tatva haiM, jJAnagamya anazvara sukha hai| jo sabhI prANiyoM meM rahate hue bhI unake naSTa hone para naSTa nahIM hotA hai arthAt cetanA paryAyoM meM jo avyakta bauddha darzana meM nirvANa kA svarUpahai unase bhI pare unakA AdhAra bhUta Atmatatva hai| bhagavAna buddha kI dRSTi meM nirvANa kA svarUpa kyA cetanA kI avasthAe~ nazvara hai, lekina unase pare rahane hai? yaha prazna prArambha se vivAda kA viSaya rahA hai| vAlA yaha Atmatatva sanAtana hai jo prANiyoM meM cetanA svayaM bauddha darzana ke Avantara sampradAyoM meM bhI nirvANa (jJAna) paryAyoM ke rUpa meM abhivyakta hote hue bhI una ke svarUpa ko lekara Atyanti virodha pAyA jAtA hai| prANiyoM tathA unakI cetanA paryAyoM (cetana avasthAoM) Adhunika vidvAnoM ne bhI isa sambandha meM paraspara virodhI ke naSTa hone para bhI naSTa nahIM hotA hai| usI AtmA niSkarSa nikAle haiM jo eka tulanAtmaka ardhyatA ko ko akSara aura avyakta kahA gayA hai, aura use hI adhika kaThinAI meM DAla dete haiN| vastutaH isa kaThinAI paramagati bhI kahate haiM vahI paramadhAma bhI hai vahI merA kA mUla kAraNa pAli nikAya meM nirvANa kA vibhinna paramAtma svarUpa AtmA kA nija sthAna hai, jise prApta dRSTiyoM se alaga-alaga prakAra se vivecana kiyA jAnA kara lene para punaH nivartana nahIM hotaa| use akSara hai| AdaraNIya zrI puseM eyaM prophesara nalinAkSa datta 15. (a) yaMprApya na nirvatante tadhdAma paramaM mama / -gItA 8 / 21 (ba) yaMgatvA na nivartante taddhAma paramaM mm| -gItA 1546 (sa) mAmupetya purnajanma duHkhAlayamazAzvatam / ____ nApnuvanti mahAtmAnaH saMsiddhi paramAM gatAH / -gItA 8 / 15 16. giitaa-8|20-21 17. akSaraM brahma paramaM svabhAvo'dhyAtmucyate / -gItA 8 / 3 18. zAntiM nirvANaparamaM / -gItA 6.15 19. sukhena brahmasaMsparzabhatyantaM sukhamaznute / -gItA 6 / 28 20. sukhamAtyantikaM yatAd buddhigrAhyamatIndriyam / -gItA 6 / 21 21. inasAiklopeDiyA Apha ithiksa eNDa rilIjana 22. AspekTasa oNpha mahAyAna ina rilezana TrahInayAna 145
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________________ 24 ne bauddha nirvANa ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM ke dRSTikoNoM dharma hai| prophesara gharavAtskI ne vaibhASika nirvANa ko nimna rUpa se vargIkRta kiyA hai / kI ananta mRtyu kahA hai| unake anusAra nirvANa AdhyAtmika avasthA nahIM varan cetanA evaM kriyA zUnya jar3a avasthA hai / lekina samAdaraNIya esa. ke. mukarjI, prophesara navinAkSa datta aura prophesara mUrti" ne prophesara zAravAtsa ke isa dRSTikoNa kA virodha kiyA hai| ina vidvAnoM ke anusAra vaibhASika nirvANa nizcita rUpa ke eka bhAvAtmaka avasthA hai / jisameM yadyapi saMskAroM kA abhAva hotA lekina phira bhI usakI asaMskRta dharma ke rUpa meM bhAvAtmaka sattA hotI hai| vaibhASika nirvANa meM cetanA kA astitva hotA hai yA nahIM hai ? yaha prazna bhI vivAdAspada hai, prophesara zaravAtsakI nirvANa dazA meM cetanA kA abhAva mAnate haiM lekina prophesara mukarjI isa sambandha meM eka pariSkArita dRSTikoNa prastuta karate haiM, unake anusAra yazomitra kI abhidharmakoSa kI TIkA ke AdhAra para nirvANa kI dazA meM vizuddha mAnasa yA cetanA rahatI hai| 27 (1) nirvANa eka abhAvAtmaka tathya hai / (2) nirvANa anivarcanIya avyakta avasthA hai| ( 3 ) nirvANa kI buddha ne koI vyAkhyA nahIM dI hai| (4) nirvANa bhAvAtmaka vizuddha pUrNa cetanA kI avasthA hai / bauddha darzana ke Avantara pramukha nirvANa ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM nimna bheda haiM sampradAyoM kA prakAra se dRSTi ( 1 ) vaibhASika sampradAya ke anusAra nirvANa saMskAroM yA saMskRta dharmoM kA abhAva hai kyoMki saMskRta dharmatA hI anityatA hai, yahI bandhana hai, yahI duHkha hai, lekina nirvANa to du:kha nirodha hai, bandhanAbhAva hai aura isalie vaha eka asaMskRta dharma hai aura asaMskRta dharma ke rUpa meM usakI bhAvAtmaka sattA hai| vaibhASika mata ke nirvANa ke svarUpa ko abhidharma koSa vyAkhyA meM nimna prakAra se batAyA gayA hai "nirvANa nitya asaMskRta svatantra sattA, pRthaka-bhUta, satya padArtha (dravyasata) hai": / nirvANa meM saMskAra yA paryAyoM kA abhAva hotA hai lekina yahAM saMskAroM ke abhAva kA artha anasitva nahIM hai, varan eka bhAvAtmaka avasthA hI hai| nirvANa asaMskRta 23. dravyaM sat pratisaMkhyA nirodhaH satyacatuSTaya nirdeza- niddhiM STatvAta, mArga satyeva iti vaibhASikAH / - yazomitra abhidharma koSa vyAkhyA, pR. 17 / -- DA. lADa ne apane zodha prabandha meM evaM vidvatvarya baladeva upAdhyAya ne bauddha darzana mImAMsA meM vaibhASika bauddhoM ke eka tivvatIya upa sampradAya kA ullekha kiyA hai| jisake anusAra nirvANa kI avasthA meM kevala vAsanAtmaka evaM valezotpAdaka (sAstrava) cetanA kA hI abhAva hotA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki nirvANa kI dizA meM anAstrava vizuddha cetanA kA astitva banA rahatA hai" / vaibhASikoM ke isa upa sampradAya kA yaha 24. buddhisTa nirvANa, pR. 27 25. AspekTsa oNpha mahAyAna ina rilezana TTa hInayAna, pR. 162 26. seMTrala philAsaphI Apha buddhijma, pR. 272-73 27. buddhisTa philAsaphI Apa yunivarsala palaksa pU. 252 28. e kampareTiva sTeDI oNpha dI kAnasepTa Apha libarezana ina iMDiyana philAsaphI, pU. 66 (ba) bauddha darzana mImAMsA pR. 147 146
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________________ dRSTikoNa jaina vicAraNA ke nirvANa ke ati samIpa A ke bauddha nirvANa ko abhAvAtmaka evaM anastitva ke rUpa jAtA hai / kyoMki yaha jaina vicAraNA ke samAna nirvA- meM dekhate haiN| nirvANa ke bhAvAtmaka, abhAvAtmaka aura NAvasthA meM sattA (astitva) aura cetanA (jJAnopayoga anirvacanIya pakSoM kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para aisA evaM darzanopayoga) donoM ko svIkAra karatA hai / vaibhASki pratIta hotA hai ki sautrAntika vicAraNA nirvANa ke dRSTikoNa nirvANa ko saMskAroM kI dRTi se abhAvAtmaka, abhAvAtmaka pakSa para adhika bala detI hai| yadyapi isa dravya satyatA kI dRSTi se bhAvAtmaka evaM bauddhika vive- prakAra sautrAntika sampradAya kA nirvANa abhAvAtmaka canA kI dRSTi se anirvacanIya mAnatA hai, phira bhI dRSTikoNa jaina vicAraNA ke virodha meM jAtA hai| lekina usakI vyAkhyAoM meM nirvANa kA bhAvAtmaka yA sattAtmaka sautrAntikoM meM bhI eka aisA upasampradAya thA, jisake pakSa adhika ubharA hai| sautrAntika sampradAya vaibhASika anusAra nirvANa pUrNatayA abhAvAtmaka dazA nahIM thaa| sampradAya ke samAna yaha mAnate hue bhI ki nirvANa unake anusAra nirvANa avasthA meM bhI vizuddha cetanA saMskAroM kA abhAva hai, vaha svIkAra nahIM karatA hai ki paryAyoM kA pravAha nirvANa kI avasthA meM rahatA hai| asaMskRta dharma kI koI bhAvAtmaka sattA hotI haiM / inake yaha dRSTikoNa jaina vicAraNA kI isa mAnyatA ke nikaTa anusAra kevala parivartanazIlatA hI tatva kA yathArtha ___AtA hai, jisake anusAra nirvANa kI avasthA meM bhI svarUpa hai / ataH sautrAntika nirvANa kI dazA meM kisI AtmA meM pariNAmIpana banA rahatA hai arthAt mokSa dazA asaMskRta aparivartanazIla nitya tatva kI sattA ko meM AtmA meM caitanya jJAna dhArA satata rUpa se pravAhita svIkAra nahIM karate / unakI mAnyatA meM aisA karanA hotI rahatI hai| buddha ke anityavAda aura kSaNikavAda kI avahelanA karanA hai / zaravAtskI ke anusAra sautrAntika sampradAya (3) vijJAnavAda (yogAcAra)-mahAyAna ke pramukha meM nirvANa kA artha hai jIvana kI prakriyA samApta ho graMtha laMkAvatArasUtra ke anusAra nirvANa sapta pravRti jAnA jisake pazcAt aisA koI jIvana zUnya tatva zeSa vijJAnoM kI apravRtAvasthA hai; citta pravRttiyoM kA nirodha nahIM rahatA hai, jisameM jIvana kI prakriyA samApta ho hai|29 sthiramati ke anusAra nirvANa klezAvaraNa aura gaI hai" / nirvANa kSaNika cetanA pravAha kA samApta ho jJeyAvaraNa kA kSaya hai|30 asaMga ke anusAra nivRta citta jAnA hai, jisake samApta ho jAne para kucha bhI avazeSa (nirvANa) ucita hai kyoMki vaha viSayoM kA grAhaka nahIM nahIM rhtaa| kyoMki inake anusAra parivartana hI satya hai| vaha anupalamma hai kyoMki usako koI bAhya Alahai / parivartanazIlatA ke atirikta tatva kI koI mbana nahIM hai aura isa prakAra Alambana rahita hone se svataMtra sattA nahIM hai| aura nirvANa dazA meM parivartanoM lokottara jJAna hai| dauSThUlya arthAta AvaraNa (klezAkI zRkhalA samApta ho jAtI hai, ataH usake pare koI varaNa aura jJeyAvaraNa) ke naSTa ho jAne se nivRta citta sattA zeSa nahIM rahatI hai| isa prakAra sautrAntika nirmANa AlayavijJAna) parAvRta nahIM hotA pravRta nahIM hotA / mAtra abhAvAtmaka avasthA hai vartamAna meM varmA aura laMkA vaha anAvaraNa aura AstravadhAtU hai, lekina asaMga kevala 29. laMkAvatAra sUtra--2162 30. klezajJeyAvaraNa prahANamapi mokSa sarvajJatvAghigamArthama / -sthiramati triziko ko vi. bhA. pR. 15 31. acitto'nupalambho so jJAnaM lokottaraM catata / AzrayasyaparAvRtidvighAdauSThulya hAnitaH / --trizikA 26 147
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________________ isa niSedhAtmaka vivecana se santuSTa nahIM hote, ve nirvANa Alaya vijJAna ko aparivartanIya yA kUTastha mAnA hai|83 kI anirvacanIya evaM bhAvAtmaka vyAkhyA bhI lekina AdaraNIya baladeva upAdhyAya use pravAhamAna prastuta karate haiM / nirvANa acintya hai kyoMki tarka se yA parivartanazIla hI mAnate haiN|4 (4) nirvANAvasthA use jAnA nahIM jA sakatA lekina acintya hote hue bhI sarvajJatA kI avasthA hai| jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra vaha kuzala hai, zAzvata hai, sukha rUpa hai, vimuktakAya hai, usa avasthA meM kevala jJAna aura kevala darzana hai / asaMga aura dharmAkhya hai| isa prakAra vijJAnavAdI mAnyatA meM ne mahAyAna sUtrAlaMkAra meM dharmakAya ko, jo ki nirvANa nirvANa kI abhAva paraka aura bhAvaparaka vyAkhyAoM ke kI paryAyavAcI hai, svAbhAvika kAya kahA hai 135 jaina sAtha-sAtha unakI anirvacanIyatA ko bhI svIkAra kiyA vicAraNA bhI mokSa ko svabhAva dazA kahA jAtA hai| gayA hai vastuta: nirvANa ke anirvacanIya svarUpa ke vikAsa svAbhAvika kAya aura svabhAva dazA aneka arthoM meM arthakA zreya vijJAnavAda aura zUnyavAda ko hI hai| laMkA- sAmya rakhate haiN| vatAra sUtra meM nirvANa ke anirvacanIya svarUpa kA sarvocca vikAsa dekhA jA sakatA hai| laMkAvatAra sUtra ke anu- (4) zUnyavAda-bauddha darzana ke mAdhyamika samprasAra nirvANa vicAra kI koTiyoM se pare hai lekina phira dAya meM nirvANa ke anivarcanIya svarUpa kA sarvAdhika bhI vijJAnavAda nirvANa ko isa AdhAra para nitya vikAsa huA hai| jaina tathA anya dArzanikoM ne zUnyatA mAnA jA sakatA hai ki nirvANa lAbha se jJAna utpanna / kA abhAvAtmaka artha grahaNa kara mAdhyamika nirvANa ko hotA hai| abhAvAtmaka rUpa meM dekhA hai, lekina yaha usa sampradAya ke dRSTikoNa ko samajhane meM sabase bar3I bhrAnti hI kahI tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karane para vijJAnavAdI jA sakatI hai / mAdhyamika dRSTi se nirvANa anivarcanIya nirvANa kA jaina vicAraNA se nimna arthoM meM sAmya hai| hai, catuSkoTi vinimukta hai, vahI paramatatva hai| vaha na (1) nirvANa cetanA kA abhAva nahIM haiM, varan vizuddha bhAva hai, na abhAva hai| yadi vANI se usakA nirvacana cetanA kI avasthA hai| (2) nirvANa samasta saMkalpoM karanA hI Avazyaka ho to mAtra yaha kahA jA sakatA kA kSaya hai, vaha cetanA kI nirvikalpAvasthA hai| (3) hai ki nirvANa aprahANa, asamprApta anuccheda azAzvata, nirvANAvasthA meM bhI caitanya dhArA satata pravAhamAna rahatI aniruddha, anutpanna hai / nirvANa ko bhAva rUpa isalie hai (AtmapariNamIpana) yadyapi DA. candradhara zarmA ne nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai ki bhAvAtmaka vastu yA to 32. sa evAnAstravo dhAturacintyaH kuzalo dhra vaH / -trizikA 30 33. dekhiye-A critical survey of Indian Philosophy-ty C. D. Sharma 34. bauddha darzana mImAMsA 35. mahAyAna sUtrAlaMkAra 6 / 60 (mahAyAna-zAntibhikSu pRSTha 73) 36. bhAvAbhAva parAmarzakSayo nirvANaM ucyate / -mAdhyamikakArikA vRti pRSTha 524 [uddhRta dI seMTrala philAsaphI Apha buddhIjma (TI. Ara. vhI. murtI) pRSTha 274] 37. aprahINama samprAptamanucchinnamazAzvatam / anirUddhamanutpannametannirvANa mucyate // -mAdhyamika kArikA vRti pR. 521 148
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________________ nitya hogI yA anitya / nitya mAnane para nirvANa ke lie kiye prayAsoM kA koI artha nahIM hogA / anitya mAnane para binA prayAsa hI mokSa hogaa| nirvANa ko abhAva bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA, anyathA tathAgata ke dvArA usakI prApti kA upadeza kyoM diyA jAtA / nirvANa ko prahANa aura samprApta bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA, anyathA nirvANa kRtaka evaM kAlika hogA aura yaha mAnanA par3egA / vaha kAla vizeSa meM utpanna huA aura yadi vaha utpanna huA to vaha jarAmaraNa ke samAna anitya hI hogA / nirvANa ko uccheda yA zAzvata bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA anyathA zAstA ke madhyama mArga kA ullaMghana hogA aura hama ucchedavAda yA zAzvatavAda kI mithyA dRSTi se grasita hoNge| isalie mAdhyamika naya meM nirvANa bhAva aura abhAva donoM nahIM haiM / vaha to sarva saMkalpanAoM kA kSaya hai, prapaMcopazamatA hai / / bauddhadArzanikoM evaM vartamAna yuga ke vidvAnoM meM bauddha darzana meM nirvANa ke svarUpa ko lekara jo matabheda dRSTigata hotA hai usakA mUla kAraNa buddha dvArA nirvANa kA vividha dRSTikoNoM ke AdhAra para vividha rUpa se kathana kiyA jAnA hai| pAlI- nikAya meM nirvANa ke ina vividha svarUpoM kA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai / udAna nAmaka eka laghu grantha meM hI nirvANa ke ina vividharUpoM ko dekhA jA sakatA hai (nirvANa ) ajAta abhUta, akRta, asaMskRta hai| bhikSuoM yadi vaha ajAta, abhUta, akRta, asaMskRta nahIM hotA to jAta, bhUta, kRta aura saMskRta kA vyupazama nahIM ho sakatA / bhikSuoM kyoMki vaha ajAta, abhUta, akRta aura asaMskRta hai isalie jAta bhUta, kRta aura saMskRta 1 39 kA vyupazama jAnA jAtA hai"| dhammapada meM nirvANa ko parama sukha acyuta sthAna amRta pada " kahA gayA hai jise prApta kara lene para na cyuti kA bhaya hotA / hai, na zoka hotA hai / use zAnta sasAMropazama evaM sukha pada bhI kahA gayA hai" / iti vRttaka meM kahA gayA vaha dhruva, na utpanna hone vAlA, zoka aura rAga rahita hai, sabhI duHkhoM kA vahA nirodha ho jAtA hai, vahAM saMskAroM kI zAnti evaM sukha hai" / AcArya buddha ghoSa nirvANa kI bhAvAtmakatA kA samarthana karate hue vizuddhimA likhate haiM - nirvANa nahIM hai, aisA nahIM kahanA cAhie / prabhava aura jarAmaraNa ke abhAva se nitya hai -- azithila, parAkrama siddha, vizeSa jJAna se prApta kie jAne se aura sarvajJa ke vacana tathA paramArtha se nirvANa avidhamAna nahIM hai / nirvANa kI abhAvAtmakatA nirvANa kI abhA vAtmakatA ke sambandha meM udAna ke rUpa meM nimna buddha vacana hai, "lohe para dhana kI coTa par3ane para jo cina gAriyAM uThatI hai so turanta hI bujha jAtI hai-kahAM gaI kucha patA nahIM cltaa| isI prakAra kAma bandhana se mukta ho nirvANa pAe hue puruSa kI gati kA koI isa sandarbha meM buddha vacana isa prakAra hai "bhikSuoM bhI patA nahIM lagA sakatA 44 | nirvANa eka bhAvAtmaka tathya hai 7744 / 38. udAna 8 / 3 pR. 110 111 ( aisA hI varNana itivRttaka 226 meM bhI hai ) 39. dhammapada 203, 204 ( nivvANaM parama su) 40. amataM santi nivvANa padamatvRtaM - suttanipAta pArAyaNa vagga 41 pada santa sakhArUpasamaM sakhadhammapada 368 - - 42. ittivRttaka 226 43. vizuddhi magga (pariccheda 16 ) bhAga 2, pR. 1916-121 ( hindI anuvAda - bhikSudharma rakSi ) 44. udAna pATaligrAma varga 8 / 10 146
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________________ zarIra chor3a diyA, saMjJA niruddha ho gaI, sArI vedanAoM ko bhI bilakula jalA diyaa| saMskAra zAnta hogae vijJAna asta ho gayA" / lekina dIpa zikhA aura agni ke bujha jAne athavA saMjJA ke niruddha ho jAne kA artha abhAva nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, AcArya buddhaghoSa vizuddhimagga meM kahate haiM nirodha kA vAstavika artha tRSNAkSaya athavA virAga hai"| prophesara kItha evaM prophesara nalinAkSadatta aggi baccha gottamutta ke AdhAra para yaha siddha karate haiM ki buza jAne kA artha abhAvAtmakatA nahIM hai, varana astitva kI rahasyamaya, avarNaNIya avasthA hai| prophesara kItha ke anusAra nirmANa abhAva nahIM varana cetanA kA apane mUla ( vAstavika zuddha ) svarUpa meM avasthita honA hai| prophesara nilanAkSadasa ke zabdoM meM nirvANa kI agni zikhA ke bujha jAne se kI jAne vAlI tulanA samucita hai, kyoMki bhAratIya cintana meM Aga ke bujha jAne se tAtparya usake anastitva se na hokara usakA svabhAvika zuddha adRzya avyakta avasthA meM calA jAnA hai, jisameM kI vaha apane hRdaya pragaTana ke pUrva rahI huI thI bauddha dArzanika saMbhadra kA bhI yahI nirUpaNa hai ki agni kI upamA se hamako yaha kahane kA adhikAra nahIM hai ki nirvANa abhAva hai" / milinda prazna ke anusAra bhI nirvANa asti dharma (asthidhamma) ekAnta sukha evaM apratibhAga hai 45. udAna cAha 46. vizuddhimagga, pariccheda 8 evaM 16 47. bauddha dharma darzana, pR. 264 para udaghRta usakA lakSaNa svarUpataH nahIM batAyA jA sakatA kintu guNataH dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM kahA jAsakatA hai ki jisa prakAra jala pyAsa ko zAnta karatA hai, nirvANa trividha tRSNA ko zAnta karatA hai| nirvANa ko akuta kahane se bhI usakI ekAnta abhAvaramakatA siddha nahIM hotii| AyeM ( sAdhaka) nirvANa kA utpAda nahIM karatA phira bhI vaha usakA sAkSAtkAra ( sAkSIkaroti) evaM pratilAbha ( prApnoti) karatA hai| vastutaH nirvANa ko abhAvAtmaka rUpa meM isIlie kahA jAtA hai ki anirvacanIya kA nirvacana karanA bhAvAtmaka bhASA kI apekSA abhAvAtmaka bhASA adhika yuktipUrNa hotI hai| nirvANa ko anirvacanIyatA nirvANa kI aniyaMcanIyatA ke sambandha meM nimna buddha vacana upalabdha hai-"mio na to maiM use agati aura na gati kahatA hU~. na sthiti aura na cyuti kahatA hU~, use utpatti bhI nahIM kahatA hU~ / vaha na to kahIM ThaharA hai, na pravartita hotA hai aura na usakA koI AdhAra hai yahI duHkhoM kA anta hai 148 bhikSuo ! ananta " kA samajhanA kaThina hai, nirvANa kA samajhanA AsAna nahIM / jJAnI kI tRSNA naSTa ho jAtI hai use ( rAgAdikleza) kucha nahIM hai 10 jahA~ (nirvANa jana, pRthvI, agni aura vAyu nahIM ThaharatI, vahA~ na to zukra aura na Aditya prakAza karate hai| yahA~ candramA kI prabhA bhI nahIM hai, na vahA~ aMdhakAra hI hotA hai / jaba kSINAzrava bhikSu apane Apako jAna letA hai| 48. udAna 81 49. mUla pAlI meM yahA~ pAThAntara hai-tIna pATha milate hai 1. anataM 2. anataM 3 anantaM / hamane yahA~ "ananta " zabda kA artha grahaNa kiyA hai| AdaraNIya kAzyapajI ne anata (anAtma) pATha ko adhika upayukta mAnA hai lekina aTThakathA meM donoM hI artha lie gae haiN| 50. udAna 8 / 3 150
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________________ taba rUpa-arUpa tathA sukha-duHkha se chUTa jAtA hai| udAna kA abhAva hai| lekina jisa prakAra roga kA abhAva, kA yaha vacana hameM gItA ke usa kathana kI yAda dilA abhAva hote hae bhI sadbhuta hai, use Arogya kahate haiM detA hai, jahA~ zrIkRSNa kahate haiM jahA~ na pavana bahatA hai, usI prakAra tRSNA kA abhAva bhI sadbhUta hai use sukha na candra sUrya prakAzita hote haiM, jahA~ jAne para puna: isa kahA jAtA hai| dUsare use abhAva isalie bhI kahA saMsAra meM AyA nahIM jAtA vahI merA (AtmA kA) parama jAtA hai ki sAdhaka meM zAzvatavAda kI mithyA dRSTi bhI dhAma (svasthAna) hai| utpanna nahIM ho / rAga kA prahANa hone se nirvANa meM maiM boddha nirvANa kI yaha vizada vivecanA meM hama (atta) aura merApana (attA) nahIM hotA isa dRSTikoNa niSkarSa para le jAtI hai ki prArambhika bauddha darzana kA ke AdhAra para use abhAva kahA jAtA hai| nirvANa rAga nirvANa abhAvAtmaka tathya nahIM thaa| isake lie nimna kA ahaM kA pUrNa vigalana hai| lekina ahaM yA mamatva tarka prastuta kie jA sakate haiM : kI samApti ko abhAva nahIM kahA jA sakatA / nirvANa kI abhAvAtmaka kalpanA 'anata' zabda kA galata artha (1) nirvANa yadi abhAva mAtra hotA to vaha tatIya samajhane se utpanna haI hai| bauddha darzana meM anAtma Arya satya kaise hotA? kyoMki abhAva Aryacita kA (anatta) zabda Atma (tatva) kA abhAva nahIM batAtA Alambana nahIM ho sakatA / varan yaha batAtA hai ki jagata meM apanA yA merA koI nahIM hai, anAtma kA upadeza asakti ke prahANa ke lie, (2) tRtIya Arya satya kA viSaya dravya sata nahIM tRSNA ke kSaya ke lie hai, nirvANa 'tatva' kA abhAva hai to usake upadeza kA kyA mUlya hogA ? nahIM varan apanepana yA ahaM kA abhAva hai| vaha (3) yadi nirvANa mAtra nirodha yA abhAva hai to vaiyaktikatA kA abhAva hai, vyaktitva kA nhiiN| uccheda dRSTi samyaka dRSTi hogI lekina buddha ne to sadaiva anatta (anAtma) vAda kI pUrNatA yaha batAne meM hai ki hI uccheda dRSTi ko mithyA dRSTi kahA hai| jagata meM aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai jise merA yA apanA kahA jA sake / sabhI anAtma hai| isa zikSA kA saccA (4) mahAvAna kI dharma kAya kI dhAraNA aura artha yahI hai ki merA kucha bhI nahIM hai| kyoMki jahA~ tA tathA vijJAnavAda ke merApana (atta bhAva) AtA hai vahA~ rAga evaM tRSNA kA Alaya vijJAna kI dhAraNA nirvANa kI abhAvAtmaka udaya hotA hai| sva para meM avasthita hotA hai, Atma vyAkhyA ke viparIta par3ate haiN| ataH nirvANa kA tAtvika dRSTi (mamatva) utpanna hotI hai / lekina yahI Atma svarUpa abhAva siddha nahIM hotA hai| use abhAva yA nirodha dRSTi sva kA para meM avasthita honA athavA rAga eva kahane kA tAtparya yahI hai ki usameM vAsanA yA tRSNA tRSNA kI vRtti bandhana hai, jo tRSNA hai, vahI rAga hai; 51. yastha Apo na paThavI tejo vAyo na gAdhati / na tattha sukkA jovanti Adicco na ppakAsati / / ma tastha candimA bhAti tamo tattha na vijjati / udAna 1110 tulanA kIjie-na tamdAsayate sUryoM na zazAMko na pAvakaH / yadgatvA na nivartante taddhAma paramaM mama / / gItA 156 151
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________________ ga hai vahI apanApana hai| nirvANa meM tRSNA kA bhASA usakA yathArtha citra prastuta karane meM samartha nahIM kSaya hone se rAga nahIM hotA, rAga nahIM hone se apanA hai kyoMki bhAva kisI pakSa ko batAtA hai aura pakSa ke pana (attA) bhI nahIM hotA / bauddha nirvANa kI abhAvA- lie pratipakSa kI svIkRti anivArya hai jabaki nirvANa tmakatA kA sahI artha isa apanepana kA abhAva hai vaha to pakSAtikrAMta hai| niSedhamUlaka kathana kI yaha vizeSatA tatva abhAva nahIM hai| vastutaH tatva lakSaNa kI dRSTi se hotI hai ki usake lie kisI pratipakSa kI svIkRti nirvANa eka bhAvAtmaka avasthA hai| mAtra vAsanAtmaka ko Avazyaka nahIM bar3hA sakatA / ataH anirvacanIya kA paryAyoM ke abhAva ke kAraNa hI vaha abhAva kahA jAtA nirvacana karane meM niSedhAtmaka bhASA kA prayoga hI adhika hai| ataH prophesara kItha aura nalinAkSadatta kI yaha samIcIna hai| isa niSedhAtmaka vibecanAzalI ne nirvANa mAnyatA ki bauddha nirvANa abhAva nahIM hai, bauddha vicAraNA kI abhAvAtmaka kalpanA ko adhika prabala banAyA hai| kI mUla vicAradRSTi ke nikaTa hI hai| yadyapi bauddha vastutaH nirvANa anirvacanIya hai| nirvANa eka bhAvAtmaka tathya hai phira bhI bhAvAtmaka ARE 152 |