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________________ : 516 : mithyAtva aura samyaktva : eka tulanAtmaka vivecanazrI jaina divAkara smRti-grantha jaina-darzana meM mithyAtva aura samyaktva : eka tulanAtmaka vivecana DA0 sAgaramala jaina ema. e., pI-eca. DI. mithyAtva kA artha sAmAnyatayA jainAgamoM meM ajJAna aura ayathArtha jJAna donoM ke lie mithyAtva zabda kA prayoga huA hai| yahI nahIM kinhIM sandarbho meM ajJAna, ayathArtha jJAna, mithyAtva aura moha samAnArthaka rUpa meM prayukta bhI hue haiN| yahA~ para hama ajJAna zabda kA prayoga eka vistRta artha meM kara rahe haiM jisameM usake uparokta sabhI artha samAhita haiN| naitika dRSTi se ajJAna naitika-Adarza ke jJAna kA abhAva aura zubhAzubha viveka kI kamI ko abhivyakta karatA hai| jaba taka prANI ko sva-svarUpa kA yathArtha jJAna nahIM hotA hai arthAt maiM kyA hU~ ? merA Adarza kyA hai ? yA mujhe kyA prApta karanA hai ? taba taka vaha naitika jIvana meM praviSTa hI nahIM ho sktaa| jaina vicAraka kahate haiM ki jo AtmA ke svarUpa ko nahIM jAnatA, jar3a padArthoM ke svarUpa ko nahIM jAnatA, vaha kyA saMyama kI ArAdhanA (naitika sAdhanA) karegA? RSibhASita sUtra meM taruNa sAdhaka arhata gAthApatiputra kahate haiM-ajJAna hI bahuta bar3A duHkha hai / ajJAna se hI bhaya kA janma hotA hai| samasta dehadhAriyoM ke lie bhava-paramparA kA mUla vividha rUpoM meM vyApta ajJAna hI hai| janma-jarA aura matyu, bhaya-zoka, mAna aura apamAna sabhI jIvAtmA ke ajJAna se utpanna hae hai / saMsAra kA pravAha (saMtati) ajJAnamUlaka hai| bhAratIya naitika cintana meM mAtra karmoM kI zubhAzubhatA para hI vicAra nahIM kiyA gayA varan yaha bhI jAnane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA ki karmoM kI zubhAzubhatA kA kAraNa kyA hai| kyoM eka vyakti azubha kRtyoM kI ora prerita hotA hai aura kyoM dUsarA vyakti zubhakRtyoM kI ora prerita hotA hai ? gItA meM arjuna yaha prazna uThAtA hai ki he kRSNa ! nahIM cAhate hue bhI kisakI preraNA se prerita ho, yaha puruSa pApakarma meM niyojita hotA hai| jaina-darzana ke anusAra isakA jo pratyuttara diyA jA sakatA hai, vaha yaha hai ki mithyAtva hI azubha kI ora' pravRtti karane kA kAraNa hai|4 buddha kA bhI kathana hai ki mithyAtva hI azubhAcaraNa aura samyakadRSTi hI sadAcaraNa kA kAraNa hai| gItA kA uttara hai rajoguNa se utpanna kAma hI jJAna ko AvRta kara vyakti ko balAt pApakarma kI ora prerita karatA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bauddha, jaina aura gItA ke AcAra-darzana isa sambandha meM eka mata hai-anaitika AcaraNa ke mArga meM pravRtti kA kAraNa vyakti kA mithyA dRSTikoNa hI hai| 1 dazavaikAlika 4 / 11 3 gItA 3 / 36 5 aMguttaranikAya 1 / 17 2 isibhAsiyAI sUtta gahAvaijjaM nAmajjhayaNaM 4 imibhasiyAI sutta 2113
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________________ zrI jaina divAkara smRti grantha midhyAtva kyA hai ? jaina vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM vastutattva kA apane yathArthasvarUpa meM bodha nahIM honA, yahI mithyAtva hai| mithyAtva lakSya vimukhatA hai, tattvaruci kA abhAva hai, satya ke prati jijJAsA yA abhIpsA kA abhAva hai| buddha ne avidyA ko vaha sthiti mAnA hai jisake kAraNa vyakti paramArtha ko samyakrUpa se nahIM jAna pAtA hai / buddha kahate haiM- "AsvAda doSa aura mokSa ko yathArthata: nahIM jAnatA hai, yahI avidyA hai / " mithyA svabhAva ko spaSTa karate hue buddha kahate haiM 'jo mithyA dRSTi hai - mithyA samAdhi hai-- isI ko mithyA svabhAva kahate haiM / "" mithyAtva ko hama eka aisA dRSTikoNa kaha sakate haiM jo satyatA kI dizA se vimukha hai / saMkSepa meM mithyAtva asatyAbhiruci hai, rAga aura dveSa ke kAraNa dRSTikoNa kA vikRta ho jAnA hai / jana-darzana meM mithyAtva ke prakAra - pUjyapAda devanandI ne mithyAtva ko utpatti kI dRSTi se do prakAra kA batAyA hai : 1. naisargika (anarjita) -- jo mithyAtva mohakarma ke udaya se hotA hai, vaha naisargika mithyAtva hai| 2. paropadeza pUrvaka - jo mithyA dhAraNA vAle logoM ke upadeza se svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai / ataH yaha arjita yA paropadezapUrvaka midhyAtva hai / cintana ke vividha bindu 520 - yaha arjita mithyAtva cAra prakAra kA hai (a) kriyAvAdI - AtmA ko kartA mAnanA (ba) akriyAvAdI - AtmA ko akartA mAnanA ( sa ) ajJAnI - satya kI prApti ko sambhava nahIM mAnanA (da) vainayika rur3ha-paramparAoM ko svIkAra karanA / svarUpa kI dRSTi se jainAgamoM meM mithyAtva pA~ca prakAra kA bhI mAnA gayA hai / "" 6 saMyuttanikAya 213za3zada 1. ekAnta jaina tattvajJAna meM vastutatva ko anantadharmAtmaka mAnA gayA hai| usameM samAna jAti ke ananta guNa hI nahIM hote haiM varan virodhI guNa bhI samAhita hote haiM / ataH vastutattva kA ekAMgI jJAna usake sandarbha meM pUrNa satya ko prakaTa nahIM karatA / vaha AMzika satya hotA hai, pUrNa satya nahIM / AMzika satya ko jaba pUrNa satya mAna liyA jAtA hai to vaha mithyAtva ho jAtA hai na kevala jaina vicAraNA varan dauddha vicAraNA meM bhI ekAntika jJAna ko mithyA kahA gayA hai| buddha kahate haiM- " bhAradvAja | satyAnurakSaka viza puruSa ko ekAMza se aisI niSThA karanA yogya nahIM hai ki yahI satya hai aura bAkI saba mithyA hai|" buddha isa sAre kathAnaka meM isI bAta para bala dete haiM ki sApekSika kathana ke rUpa meM hI satyAnurakSaNa hotA hai, anya prakAra se nahIM / udAna meM bhI buddha ne kahA hai- jo ekAMtadarzI haiM ve hI vivAda karate haiN"| isa prakAra buddha ne bhI ekAMta ko mithyAtva mAnA hai / 2. viparIta - vastutattva kA usake sva-svarUpa ke rUpa meM grahaNa nahIM kara usake viparIta rUpa 7 saMyuttanikAya 43 2331 8 tatvArtha sarvArthasiddhi TIkA - ( pUjyavAda ) 811 0 6 majjhimanikAya caMkita uddhRta mahAyAna, pR0 125, 10 udAna 6 / 4
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________________ : 521 : mithyAtva aura samyaktva : eka tulanAtmaka vizrI jaina divAkara-smRti-grantha atte-maatti-russe meM grahaNa karanA bhI mithyAtva hai / prazna ho sakatA hai ki jaba vastutattva anantadharmAtmaka hai aura usameM virodhI dharma bhI rahe hae haiM to sAmAnya vyakti jisakA jJAna aMzagrAhI hai, isa viparIta grahaNa ke doSa se baca nahIM sakatA kyoMki usane vastutattva ke jisa pakSa ko grahaNa kiyA usakA virodhI dharma bhI usameM upasthita hai| ataH usakA samasta grahaNa viparIta hI hogA; lekina isa vicAra meM eka bhrAnti hai aura vaha yaha hai ki yadyapi vastu anantadharmAtmaka hai lekina yaha to nirapekSa kathana hai| eka apekSA kI dRSTi se yA jaina pAribhASika dRSTi se kaheM to eka hI naya se vastutattva meM do virodhI dharma nahIM hote haiM, udAharaNArtha-eka hI apekSA se AtmA ko nitya aura anitya nahIM mAnA jAtA hai| AtmA dravyAthika-dRSTi se nitya hai to paryAyAthika-dRSTi se anitya hai / ataH AtmA ko paryAyAthika dRSTi se bhI nitya mAnanA, yaha viparIta grahaNa mithyAtva hai / buddha ne bhI viparIta grahaNa ko mithyA dRSTitva mAnA hai aura vibhinna prakAra ke viparIta grahaNoM ko spaSTa kiyA hai|" gItA meM bhI viparIta grahaNa ko ajJAna kahA gayA hai / adharma ko dharma aura dharma ko adharma ke rUpa meM mAnane vAlI buddhi ko gItA meM tAmasa kahA gayA hai (18 // 32) / 3. vainayika-binA bauddhika gaveSaNA ke paramparAgata tathyoM, dhAraNAoM, niyamopaniyamoM ko svIkAra kara lenA, vainayika mithyAtva hai / yaha eka prakAra kI rUr3hivAditA hai / vainayika mithyAtva ko bauddha-paramparA kI dRSTi se zIlavata parAmarza bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| ise kriyAkANDAtmaka manovatti bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| gItA meM isa prakAra ke kevala rUDha vyavahAra kI nindA kI gaI hai| gItA kahatI hai aisI kriyAe~ janma-maraNa ko bar3hAne vAlI aura triguNAtmaka hotI hai / 12 4. saMzaya-saMzayAvasthA ko bhI jaina vicAraNA meM mithyAtva mAnA gayA hai| yadyapi jaina dArzanikoM kI dRSTi meM saMzaya ko naitika vikAsa kI dRSTi anupodeya mAnA gayA hai lekina isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki jaina vicArakoM ne saMzaya ko isa koTi meM rakhakara usake mUlya ko bhulA diyA hai| jaina vicAraka bhI Aja ke vaijJAnikoM kI taraha saMzaya ko jJAna kI prApti ke lie Avazyaka mAnate haiN| prAcInatama jainAgama AcArAMga sUtra meM kahA gayA hai "jo saMzaya ko jAnatA hai vahI saMsAra ke svarUpa kA parijJAtA hotA hai jo saMzaya ko nahIM jAnatA vaha saMsAra ke svarUpa kA bhI parijJAtA nahIM ho sktaa| lekina jahA~ taka sAdhanAtmaka jIvana kA prazna hai hameM saMzaya se Upara uThanA hogaa| jaina vicAraka AcArya AtmarAmajI mahArAja AcArAMga sUtra kI TIkA meM likhate haiM.-"saMzaya jJAna karAne meM sahAyaka hai parantu yadi vaha jijJAsA kI sarala bhAvanA kA parityAga karake kevala sandeha karane kI kuTila vRtti apanA letA hai, to vaha patana kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai|"* saMzayAvasthA vaha sthiti hai jisameM prANI sat aura asat kI koI nizcita dhAraNA nahIM rakhatA hai / sAMzayika avasthA anirNaya kI avasthA hai / sAMzayika jJAna satya hote hue bhI mithyA hI hogA / naitika dRSTi se aisA sAdhaka kaba patha-bhraSTa ho sakatA hai yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| vaha to lakSyonmukhatA aura lakSyavimukhatA ke madhya hiNDole kI bhA~ti jhUlatA huA apanA samaya vyartha karatA hai / gItA bhI yahI kahatI hai ki saMzaya kI avasthA meM lakSya prApta nahIM hotaa| saMzayI AtmA vinAza ko hI prApta hotA hai / 15 11 aMguttaranikAya 1111 13 AcArAMga 115 // 11144 15 gItA 4440 12 gItA 2142-45 14 AcArAMga, hindI TIkA, prathama bhAga, pR0 406
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________________ | zrI jaina divAkara-smRti-grantha cintana ke vividha bindu : 522 : 5. ajJAna-jana vicArakoM ne ajJAna ko pUrvAgraha, viparIta grahaNa, saMzaya aura ekAntika jJAna se pRthak mAnA hai / uparokta cAroM mithyAtva ke vidhAyaka pakSa kahe jA sakate haiM, kyoMki inameM jJAna to upasthita hai lekina vaha ayathArtha hai / inameM jJAnAmAva nahIM varan jJAna kI ayathArthatA hai ; jabaki ajJAna jJAnAbhAva hai / ataH vaha mithyAtva kA niSedhAtmaka pakSa prastuta karatA hai| ajJAna naitika sAdhanA kA sabase adhika bAdhaka tattva hai kyoMki jJAnAbhAva meM vyakti ko apane lakSya kA bhAna nahIM ho sakatA hai, na vaha kartavyAkartavya kA vicAra kara sakatA hai| zubhAzubha meM viveka karane kI kSamatA kA abhAva ajJAna hI hai / aise ajJAna kI avasthA meM naitika AcaraNa sambhava nahIM hotaa| mithyAtva ke 25 prakAra mithyAtva ke 25 bhedoM kA vivecana hameM pratikramaNa sUtra meM prApta hotA hai jinameM se 10 bhedoM kA vivecana sthAnAMga sUtra meM hai, mithyAtva ke zeSa bhedoM kA vivecana mUlAgama granthoM meM yatra-tatra bikharA huA milatA hai| (1) dharma ko adharma smjhnaa| (2) adharma ko dharma smjhnaa| (3) saMsAra (bandhana) ke mArga ko mukti kA mArga smjhnaa| (4) mukti ke mArga ko bandhana kA mArga samajhanA / (5) jar3a padArthoM ko cetana (jIva) smjhnaa| (6) Atmatattva (jIva) ko jar3a padArtha (ajIva) smjhnaa| (7) asamyak AcaraNa karane vAloM ko sAdhu samajhanA / (8) samyak AcaraNa karane vAloM ko asAdhu samajhanA / (6) muktAtmA ko baddha maannaa| (10) rAga-dveSa se yukta ko mukta smjhnaa| (11) Abhigrahika mithyAtva-paramparAgata rUpa meM prApta dhAraNAoM ko binA samIkSA ke apanA lenA athavA unase jakar3e rhnaa| (12) anAbhigrahika mithyAtva-satya ko jAnate hue bhI use svIkAra nahIM karanA athavA sabhI matoM ko samAna mUlya vAlA smjhnaa| (13) Abhinivezika mithyAtva-abhimAna kI rakSA ke nimitta asatya mAnyatA ko haThapUrvaka pakar3e rhnaa| (14) sAMzayika mithyAtva-saMzayazIla bane rahakara satya kA nizcaya nahIM kara paanaa| (15) anAbhoga mithyAtva-viveka athavA jJAnakSamatA kA abhaav| (16) laukika mithyAtva-loka rUr3hi meM avicArapUrvaka baMdhe rahanA / (17) lokottara mithyAtva-pAralaukika upalabdhiyoM ke nimitta svArthavaza dharma sAdhanA krnaa| (18) pravacana mithyAtva-mithyA dArzanika vicAraNAoM ko svIkRta krnaa| (16) nyUna mithyAtva-pUrNa satya athavA tattva svarUpa ko AMzika satya samajha lenA athavA nyUna maannaa| 16 sthAnAMga, sthAna 10 / tulanA kIjie-aMguttaranikAya 1 / 10-12
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________________ : 523 : mithyAtva aura samyaktva : eka tulanAtmaka vikrenI-jaina divAkara-smRti-granya (20) adhika mithyAtva-AMzika satya ko usase adhika athavA pUrNa satya samajha lenaa| (21) viparIta mithyAtva-vastutattva ko usake viparIta rUpa meM samajhanA / (22) akriyA mithyAtva-AtmA ko ekAntika rUpa se akriya mAnanA athavA sirpha jJAna ko mahatva dekara AcaraNa ke prati upekSA rkhnaa| (23) ajJAna mithyAtva-jJAna athavA viveka kA abhAva / (24) avinaya mithyAtva-pUjya varga ke prati samucita sammAna kA prakaTa na karanA athavA unakI AjJAoM kA paripAlana nahIM krnaa| pUjyabuddhi aura vinItatA kA abhAva avinaya mithyAtva hai| (25) asAtanA mithyAtva-pUjya varga kI nindA aura AlocanA karanA / avinaya aura asAtanA ko mithyAtva isalie kahA gayA hai ki inakI upasthiti se vyakti gurujanoM kA yathocita sammAna nahIM karatA hai aura phalasvarUpa unase milane vAle yathArthatA ke bodha se vaMcita rahatA hai| bauddha-darzana meM mithyAtva ke prakAra mahAtmA buddha ne saddharma kA vinAza karane vAlI kucha dhAraNAoM kA vivecana aMguttaranikAya meM kiyA hai jo ki jaina vicAraNA ke mithyAtva kI dhAraNA ke bahuta nikaTa hai| tulanA kI dRSTi se hama unakI saMkSipta sUcI prastuta kara rahe haiM, jisake AdhAra para yaha jAnA jA sake ki donoM vicAra paramparAoM kA isa sambandha meM kitanA adhika sAmya hai| 1. dharma ko adharma btaanaa| 2. adharma ko dharma btaanaa| 3. bhikSu aniyama (avinaya) ko bhikSuniyama (vinaya) batAnA / 4. bhikSu niyama ko aniyama batAnA / 5. tathAgata (buddha) dvArA abhASita ko tathAgata bhASita kahanA / 6. tathAgata dvArA bhASita ko abhASita kahanA / 7. tathAgata dvArA anAcarita ko Acarita kahanA / 8. tathAgata dvArA Acarita ko anAcarita kahanA / 6. tathAgata dvArA nahIM banAe hue (aprajJapta) niyama ko prajJapta kahanA / 10. tathAgata dvArA prajJapta (banAe hue niyama) ko aprajJapta btaanaa| 11. anaparAdha ko aparAdha kahanA / 12. aparAdha ko anaparAdha kahanA / 13. laghu aparAdha ko guru aparAdha kahanA / 14. guru aparAdha ko laghu aparAdha khnaa| 15. gambhIra aparAdha ko agambhIra kahanA / 16. agambhIra aparAdha ko gambhIra khnaa| 17. nivizeSa aparAdha ko savizeSa khnaa| 17 aMguttaranikAya 1 / 10-12
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________________ zrI jaina divAkara smRti grantha - 18. savizeSa aparAdha ko nirvizeSa kahanA / 16. prAyazcitta yogya (sapratikarma) Apatti ko prAyazcitta ke ayogya kahanA / 20. prAyazcitta ke ayogya (apratikarma) Apatti ko prAyazvita ke yogya (sapratikarma) kahanA | gItA meM ajJAna : gItA ke moha, ajJAna yA tAmasika jJAna bhI mithyAtva kahe jA sakate haiN| isa AdhAra para vicAra karane se gItA meM mithyAtva kA nimna svarUpa upalabdha hotA hai 1. paramAtmA loka kA sarjana karane vAlA, karma kA kartA evaM karmoM ke phala kA saMyoga karane vAlA hai athavA vaha kisI ke pApa-puNya ko grahaNa karatA hai, yaha mAnanA ajJAna hai (5-14, 15) / cintana ke vividha bindu 524 2. pramAda, Alasya aura nidrA ajJAna hai ( 14 - 8 ), dhana parivAra evaM dAna kA ahaMkAra karanA ajJAna hai (16-15) viparIta jJAna ke dvArA kSaNabhaMgura nAzavAna zarIra meM Atma-buddhi rakhanA va usameM sarvasva kI bhA~ti Asakta rahanA jo ki tatva-artha se rahita aura tuccha hai, tAmasika jJAna hai ( 10-12 ) / isI prakAra asada kA grahaNa, azubha AcaraNa (16-10) aura saMzayAtmakatA ko bhI gItA meM ajJAna kahA gayA hai / pAzcAtya darzana meM midhyAtva kA pratyaya mithyAtva yathArthatA ke bodha kA bAdhaka tattva hai| vaha eka aisA raMgIna cazmA hai jo vastutattva ke yathArtha svarUpa ko prakaTa naSTa kara vyakti ke samakSa usakA ayathArtha kiMvA bhrAnta svarUpa hI prakaTa karatA hai / bhArata hI nahIM, pAzcAtya dezoM ke vicArakoM ne bhI yathArthatA yA satya ke jijJAsu ko mithyA dhAraNAoM se pare rahane kA saMketa kiyA hai| pAzcAtya darzana ke navayuga ke pratinidhi phrAMsisa bekana zuddha aura nirdoSa jJAna kI prApti ke lie mAnasa ko nimna cAra mithyA dhAraNAoM se mukta rakhane kA nirdeza karate haiM / cAra mithyA dhAraNAe~ nimna haiM (1) jAtigata mithyA dhAraNAe~ (Idola Tribus ) - sAmAjika saMskAroM se prApta mithyA dhAraNAe~ / (2) bAjArU midhyA vizvAsa ( Idola Fori ) - asaMgata artha Adi / (3) vyaktigata mithyA vizvAsa ( Idola Speces ) - vyakti ke dvArA banAI gayIM mithyA dhAraNAe~ (pUrvAgraha) | (4) raMgamaMca kI bhrAnti ( Idola Theatri ) - mithyA siddhAnta yA mAnyatAe~ / ve kahate haiM-- 'ina mithyA vizvAsoM (pUrvAgrahoM) se mAnasa ko mukta karake hI jJAna ko yathArtha aura nirdoSa rUpa meM hI grahaNa karanA cAhie / " jaina-darzana meM avidyA kA svarUpa jaina-darzana meM avidyA kA paryAyavAcI zabda moha bhI hai / moha AtmA kI sat ke sambandha meM yathArtha dRSTi ko vikRta kara use galata mArga darzana karatA hai aura use asamyak AcaraNa ke lie 18 hisTrI Apha philaoNsaphI (cilI), pR0 287
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________________ : 525 : mithyAtva aura samyaktva : eka tulanAtmaka vivecanzrI jaina divAkara.smRti-grantha LIE prerita karatA hai / paramArtha aura satya ke sambandha meM jo aneka bhrAnta dhAraNAeM AtI haiM evaM asadAcaraNa hotA hai unakA AdhAra yahI moha hai| mithyAtva, moha yA avidyA ke kAraNa vyakti kI dRSTi dUSita hotI hai aura pariNAmasvarUpa vyakti kI parama mUlyoM ke sambandha meM bhrAnta dhAraNAe~ bana jAtI hai / vaha unheM hI parama mUlya mAna letA hai joki vastuta: parama mUlya yA sarvocca mUlya nahIM hote haiN| jaina-darzana meM avidyA aura vidyA kA antara karate hue samayasAra meM AcArya kundukunda batAte haiM ki jo puruSa apane se anya jo para-dravya sacitta strI-putrAdika, acitta dhanadhAnyAdika, mizrA grAmanagarAdika-inako aisA samajhe ki mere haiM, ye mere pUrva meM the, inakA meM bhI pahale thA tathA ye mere AgAmI hoMge; maiM bhI inakA AgAmI hoUMgA aisA jhUThA Atma-vikalpa karatA hai vaha mUr3ha hai aura jo puruSa paramArtha ko jAnatA huA aisA jhUThA vikalpa nahIM karatA hai, vaha mUr3ha nahIM hai, jJAnI hai| jaina-darzana meM avidyA yA mithyAtva kevala AtmaniSTha (Subjective) hI nahIM hai, varan vaha vastuniSTha bhI hai| jaina-darzana meM mithyAtva kA artha hai-jJAna kA abhAva yA viparIta jJAna / usameM ekAnta yA nirapekSa dRSTi ko bhI mithyAtva kahA gayA hai| tattva kA sApekSika jJAna hI samyakjJAna hai aura ekAntika dRSTikoNa mithyAjJAna hai| dUsare, jaina-darzana meM mithyAtva akelA hI bandhana kA kAraNa nahIM hai| vaha bandhana kA pramukha kAraNa hote hue bhI usakA sarvasva nahIM hai| mithyA-darzana ke kAraNa jJAna dUSita hotA hai aura jJAna ke dUSita hone se AcaraNa yA cAritra dUSita hotA hai| isa prakAra mithyAtva anaitika jIvana kA prArambhika bindu hai aura anaitika AcaraNa usakI antima pariNati hai / naitika jIvana ke lie mithyAtva se mukta honA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki jaba taka dRSTi dUSita hai, jJAna bhI dUSita hogA aura jaba taka jJAna dUSita hai taba taka AcaraNa bhI samyaka yA naitika nahIM ho sakatA / naitika jIvana meM pragati ke lie prathama zarta hai, mithyAtva se mukta honaa| jaina-dArzanikoM kI dRSTi meM mithyAtva kI pUrvakoTi kA patA nahIM lagAyA jA sakatA, vaha anAdi hai, phira bhI vaha ananta nahIM mAnA gayA hai| jaina-darzana kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM kaheM to bhavya jIvoM kI apekSA se mithyAtva anAdi aura sAnta hai aura abhavya jIvoM kI apekSA se vaha anAdi aura ananta hai| AtmA para avidyA yA mithyAtva kA AvaraNa kaba se hai yaha patA nahIM lagAyA jA sakatA hai, yadyapi avidyA yA mithyAtva se mukti pAI jA sakatI hai| eka ora mithyAtva kA kAraNa anaitikatA hai to dUsarI ora anaitikatA kA kAraNa mithyAtva hai| isI prakAra samyaktva kA kAraNa naitikatA aura naitikatA kA kAraNa samyaktva hai| naitika AcaraNa ke pariNAmasvarUpa samyaktva yA yathArtha dRSTikoNa kA udbhava hotA hai aura samyaktva yA yathArtha dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa naitika AcaraNa hotA hai| bauddha-darzana meM avidyA kA svarUpa bauddha-darzana meM pratItyasamutpAda kI prathama kar3I avidyA hI mAnI gayI hai| avidyA se utpanna vyaktitva hI jIvana kA mUlabhUta pApa hai| janma-maraNa kI paramparA aura duHkha kA mUla yahI avidyA hai| jisa prakAra jaina-darzana meM mithyAtva kI pUrvakoTi nahIM jAnI jA sakatI, usI prakAra bauddha-darzana meM bhI avidyA kI pUrvakoTi nahIM jAnI jA sakatI hai| yaha eka aisI sattA hai jisako samajha sakanA kaThina hai / hameM binA adhika gaharAiyoM meM utare isake astitva ko svIkAra kara lenA par3egA / avidyA samasta jIvana kI pUrvavartI Avazyaka avasthA hai, isake pUrva kucha nahIM; kyoMki janma 16 samayasAra 21-22 /
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________________ zrI jaina divAkara smRti grantha cintana ke vividha bindu : 526 : maraNa kI prakriyA kA kahIM Arambha nahIM khojA jA sakatA hai; lekina dUsarI ora isake astitva se inkAra bhI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / svayaM jIvana yA janma-maraNa kI paramparA isakA pramANa hai ki avidyA upasthita hai / avidyA kA udbhava kaise hotA hai, yaha nahIM batAyA jA sakatA hai| azvaghoSa ke anusAra - ' tathatA' se hI aviyA kA janma hotA hai / 20 DA0 rAdhAkRSNan kI dRSTi meM bauddha darzana meM avidyA usa parama sattA, jise AlayavijJAna, tathAgatadharma, zUnyatA, dharmadhAtu evaM tathatA kahA gayA hai, kI vaha zakti hai, jo vizva ke bhItara se vyaktigata jIvanoM kI zrRMkhalA ko utpanna karatI hai / yaha yayArtha sattA hI andara vidyamAna niSedhAtmaka tatva hai| hamArI sImita vRddhi isakI taha isase adhika aura praveza nahIM kara sakatI / 2 meM sAmAnyatayA avidyA kA artha cAra AryasatyoM kA jJAnAbhAva hai| mAdhyamika evaM vijJAnavAdI vicArakoM ke anusAra indriyAnubhUti ke viSaya isa jagata kI koI svataMtra sattA nahIM hai yA parataMtra evaM sApekSita haiM, ise yathArtha mAna lenA yahI avidyA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, ayathArtha anekatA ko yathArtha mAna lenA yahI avidyA kA kArya hai, isI meM se vaiyaktika ahaM kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai aura vahIM se tRSNA kA janma hotA hai| bauddha darzana ke anusAra bhI avidyA aura tRSNA (anaitikatA) meM pArasparika kAryakAraNa sambandha hai | avidyA ke kAraNa tRSNA aura tRSNA ke kAraNa avidyA utpanna hotI hai / jisa prakAra jaina darzana meM moha ke do kArya - darzana - moha aura cAritra moha - haiM usI prakAra bauddha darzana meM aviyA ke do kArya jJeyAvaraNa evaM klezAvaraNa haiN| zeyAvaraNa kI tulanA darzana-moha se aura klezAvaraNa kI tulanA cAritra - moha se kI jA sakatI hai| jisa prakAra vaidika paramparA meM mAyA ko anivacanIya mAnA gayA hai usI prakAra bauddha paramparA meM bhI avidyA ko sat aura asat donoM hI koTiyoM se pare mAnA gayA hai / vijJAnavAda evaM zUnyavAda ke sampradAyoM kI dRSTi meM nAnArUpAtmaka jagata ko paramArtha mAna lenA avidyA hai / matreyanAtha ne abhUtaparikalpa ( anekatA kA jJAna ) kI vivecanA karate hue batAyA ki use sat aura asat donoM hI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| vaha sat isalie nahIM hai kyoMki paramArtha meM anekatA yA dvaita kA koI astitva nahIM hai aura vaha asat isalie nahIM hai ki usake prANa se nirvANa kA lAbha hotA hai / 22 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bauddha darzana ke paravartI sampradAyoM meM avidyA kA svarUpa bahuta kucha vedAntika mAyA ke samAna bana gayA hai| samIkSA bauddha darzana ke vijJAnavAda aura zUnyavAda ke sampradAyoM meM avidyA kA jo svarUpa batAyA gayA hai vaha AlocanA kA viSaya hI rahA hai| vijJAnavAdI aura zUnyavAdI vicAraka apane nirapekSa dRSTikoNa ke AdhAra para indriyAnubhUti ke viSayoM ko avidyA yA vAsanA ke kAlpanika pratyaya mAnate haiM / dUsare, unake anusAra avidyA AtmaniSTha (Subjective) hai / jaina dArzanikoM ne unakI isa mAnyatA ko anucita hI mAnA hai kyoMki prathamataH anubhava ke viSayoM ko anAdi avidyA ke kAlpanika pratyaya mAnakara indriyAnubhUti ke jJAna ko asatya batAyA gayA hai| jaina dArzanikoM kI dRSTi meM indriyAnubhUti ke viSayoM ko asat nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, ve tarka aura anubhava donoM ko hI yathArtha mAnakara calate haiN| unake anusAra tArkika jJAna (bauddhika jJAna) aura anubhUlyAtmaka jJAna--donoM hI yathArthatA kA 20 uddhRta - jaina sTaDIja, pR0 136 21 bhAratIya darzana, pR0 382-383 22 jaina sTaDIja, pR0 132-133 para uddhRta
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________________ : 527 : mithyAtva aura samyaktva : eka tulanAtmaka vivecana zrI jaina divAkara-smRti-grantha || bodha karA sakate haiM / bauddha-dArzanikoM kI yaha dhAraNA ki 'avidyA kevala Atmagata hai' jaina dArzanikoM ko svIkAra nahIM hai / ve avidyA kA vastugata AdhAra bhI mAnate haiN| unakI dRSTi meM bauddha daSTikoNa ekAMgI hI siddha hotA hai| bauddha-darzana ke avidyA kI vistata samIkSA AdaraNIya zrI nathamala TAMTiyA ne apanI pustaka 'sTaDIja ina jaina philaoNsaphI' meM kI hai|23 hameM vistAra bhaya se aura adhika gaharAI meM utaranA Avazyaka nahIM lagatA hai| gItA evaM vedAnta meM avidyA kA svarUpa gItA meM avidyA, ajJAna aura mAyA zabda kA prayoga hameM milatA hai| gItA meM ajJAna aura mAyA sAmAnyatayA do bhinna-bhinna arthoM meM hI prayoga hae haiN| ajJAna vaiyaktika hai jabaki mAyA eka IzvarIya zakti hai| gItA meM ajJAna kA artha paramAtmA ke usa vAstavika svarUpa ke jJAna kA abhAva hai jisa rUpa meM vaha jagata meM vyApta hote hue bhI usase pare hai / gItA meM ajJAna viparIta jJAna, moha, anekatA ko yathArtha mAna lenA Adi aneka arthoM meM prayukta huA hai| jJAna ke sAttvika, rAjasa aura tAmasa prakAroM kA vivecana karate hue gItA meM yaha spaSTa batAyA gayA hai ki anekatA ko yayArtha mAnane vAlA dRSTikoNa yA jJAna rAjasa hai| isI prakAra yaha mAnanA ki parama tattva mAtra itanA hI hai, yaha jJAna tAmasa hai / 24 yadyapi gItA meM mAyA ko vyakti ke duHkha evaM bandhana kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| kyoMki yaha eka bhrAnta AMzika cetanA kA poSaNa karatI hai aura usa rUpa meM pUrNa yathArthatA kA grahaNa sambhava nahIM hotaa| phira bhI hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki gItA meM mAyA Izvara kI aisI kAryakArI zakti bhI hai jisake mAdhyama se paramAtmA isa nAnArUpAtmaka jagata meM apane ko abhivyakta karatA hai| vaiyaktika dRSTi se mAyA paramArtha kA AvaraNa kara vyakti ko usake yathArtha jJAna se vaMcita karatI hai, jabaki paramasattA kI apekSA se vaha usakI eka zakti hI siddha hotI hai| vedAnta-darzana meM avidyA kA artha advaya paramArtha meM anekatA kI kalpanA hai| bahadAraNyakopaniSad meM kahA gayA hai ki jo advaya meM anekatA kA darzana karatA hai vaha mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai / 25 isake viparIta anekatA meM ekatA kA darzana yaha saccA jJAna hai| IzAvAsyopaniSad meM kahA gayA hai ki jo sabhI ko paramAtmA meM aura paramAtmA meM sabhI ko sthita dekhatA hai, usa ekatvadarzI ko na vijugupsA hotI hai aura na use koI moha yA zoka hotA hai / 26 vedAntika paramparA meM avidyA jagata ke prati Asakti evaM mithyA dRSTikoNa hai aura mAyA eka aisI zakti hai jisase yaha anekatA maya jagata astitvavAna pratIta hotA hai| mAyA isa nAnArUpAtmaka jagata kA AdhAra hai aura avidyA hameM usase bAMdhe hue rakhatI hai| vedAntika-darzana meM mAyA advaya avikArya paramasattA kI nAnArUpAtmaka jagata ke rUpa meM pratIti hai| vedAnta meM mAyA na to sat hai aura na asat hai use catuSkoTi vinimukta kahA gayA hai| vaha sat isalie nahIM hai ki usakA nirasana kiyA jA sakatA hai| vaha asat isalie nahIM hai ki usake AdhAra para vyavahAra hotA hai| vedAntika 23 vistRta vivecanA ke lie dekhie jaina sTaDIja, pR0 126-127 evaM 201-215 24 gItA 18 / 21-22 25 bRhadAraNyakopaniSad 4 / 4 / 16 26 IzAvAsyopaniSad 6-7 27 viveka cUDAmaNi mAyA nirUpaNa 111
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________________ zrI jaina divAkara smRti - grantha darzana meM mAyA jagata kI vyAkhyA aura usakI utpatti kA siddhAnta hai, jabaki avidyA vaiyaktika Asakti hai / samIkSA vedAnta darzana meM mAyA eka ardha satya hai jabaki tArkika dRSTi se mAyA yA to satya ho sakatI hai yA asatya jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra satya sApekSika avazya ho sakatA hai lekina ardha satya (Half Truth) aisI koI avasthA nahIM ho sakatI hai / yadi advaya paramArtha ko nAnArUpAtmaka mAnanA yaha avidyA hai to jaina dArzanikoM ko yaha dRSTikoNa svIkAra nahIM hai / yadyapi jaina, bauddha aura vaidika paramparAe~ avidyA kI isa vyAkhyA meM ekamata haiM ki avidyA yA moha kA artha anAtma meM Atmabuddhi hai / upasaMhAra cintana ke vividha bindu 525 ajJAna, avidyA yA moha kI upasthiti hI hamArI samyak pragati kA sabase bar3A avarodha hai / hamAre kSudra vyaktitva aura paramAtmatva ke bIca sabase bar3I bAdhA hai / usake haTate hI hama apane ko apane meM hI upasthita kara paramAtmA ke nikaTa khar3A pAte haiM / phira bhI prazna hai ki isa avidyA yA midhyAtva se mukti kaise ho ? vastutaH avidyA se mukti ke lie yaha Avazyaka nahIM hama avicA yA ajJAna ko haTAne kA prayatna kareM kyoMki usake haTAne ke sAre prayAsa vaise hI nirarthaka hoMge jaise koI andhakAra ko haTAne ke prayatna kre| jaise prakAza ke hote hI andhakAra svayaM hI samApta ho jAtA hai usI prakAra jJAna rUpa prakAza yA samyak dRSTi ke utpanna hote hI ajJAna yA avidyA kA andhakAra samApta ho jAtA hai / AvazyakatA isa bAta kI nahIM hai ki hama avidyA yA mithyAtva ko haTAne kA prayatna kareM varana AvazyakatA isa bAta kI hai ki hama samyakdarzana aura samyakjJAna kI jyoti ko prajvalita kareM tAki avidyA yA ajJAna kA tamisra samApta ho jAve / samyaktva jaina-paramparA meM samyakdarzana, samyaktva yA samyakadRSTitva zabdoM kA prayoga samAnArthaka rUpa meM huA hai| yadyapi AcArya jinamadra ne vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM samyaktva aura samyaka darzana ke free frna arthoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai / 25 apane bhinna artha meM samyaktva vaha hai jisakI upasthiti se zraddhA, jJAna aura cAritra samyak banate haiM / samyaktva kA artha vistAra samyakdarzana se adhika vyApaka hai, phira bhI sAmAnyatayA samyakdarzana aura samyaktva zabda eka hI artha meM prayoga kie gae haiN| vaise samyaktva zabda meM samyakdarzana nihita hI hai| samyaktva kA artha sabase pahale hameM ise spaSTa kara lenA hogA ki samyaktva yA samyak zabda kA kyA abhiprAya hai| sAmAnya rUpa meM samyak yA samyaktva zabda satyatA yA yathArthatA kA paricAyaka hai, use hama ucitatA bhI kaha sakate haiM / samyaktva artha tattvaruci 2 6 hai / isa artha meM samyaktva satyAbhiruci yA 26 vizeSAvazyakamAdhya 26 abhidhAna rAjendra, khaNDa 5, pRSTha 2425
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________________ : 526 : mithyAtva aura samyaktva : eka tulanAtmaka vivezI jaina divAkara- smRti-grantha satya kI abhIpsA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, isako satya ke prati jijJAsAvRtti yA mumukSutva bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / apane donoM hI arthoM meM samyakdarzana yA samyaktva naitika jIvana ke lie Avazyaka hai / jaina naitikatA kA carama Adarza AtmA ke yathArtha svarUpa kI upalabdhi hai, lekina yathArtha kI upalabdhi bhI to yathArtha se sambhava hogI, ayathArtha se to yathArtha pAyA nahIM jA sakatA / yadi sAdhya yathArthatA kI upalabdhi hai to sAdhana bhI yathArtha hI caahie| jaina vicAraNA sAdhya aura sAdhana kI ekarUpatA meM vizvAsa karatI hai| vaha yaha mAnatI hai ki anucita sAdhana se prApta kiyA lakSya bhI anucita hI haiM, vaha ucita nahIM kahA jA sakatA / samyak ko samyak se hI prApta karanA hotA hai / asamyak se jo bhI milatA hai, pAyA jAtA hai, vaha bhI asamyaka hI hotA hai| ataH AtmA ke yathArtha svarUpa kI upalabdhi ke lie unhoMne jina sAdhanoM kA vidhAna kiyA unakA samyak honA Avazyaka mAnA gyaa| vastutaH jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kA naitika mUlya unake samyak hone meM samAhita hai / jaba jJAna, darzana aura cAritra samyak hote haiM to ve mukti yA nirvANa ke sAdhana banate haiM / lekina yadi ve hI jJAna, darzana aura cAritra mithyA hote haiM to bandhana kA kAraNa banate haiM / bandhana aura mukti jJAna, darzana aura cAritra para nirbhara nahIM varan unakI samyaktA aura midhyAtva para AdhArita hai| samyakjJAna, samyakdarzana aura samyakucAritra mokSa kA mArga hai jabaki mithyAjJAna, mithyAdarzana aura miSyAcAritra hI bandhana kA mArga hai| AcArya jinabhadra kI dhAraNA ke anusAra yadi samyaktva kA artha tattvaruci yA satyAmIpsA karate haiM to samyaktva kA naitika sAdhanA meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna siddha hotA hai| naitikatA kI sAdhanA Adarzonmukha gati hai lekina jisake kAraNa vaha gati hai, sAdhanA hai, vaha to satyAbhIpsA hI hai / sAdhaka meM jaba taka satyAbhIpsA yA tattvaruci jAgrata nahIM hotI taba taka vaha naitika pragati kI ora agrasara hI nahIM ho sakatA / satya kI cAha yA satya kI pyAsa hI aisA tattva hai jo use sAdhanA mArga meM prerita karatA hai| jise pyAsa nahIM, vaha pAnI kI prApti kA kyoM prayAsa karegA ? jisameM satya kI upalabdhi kI cAha ( tatvaruci) nahIM vaha kyoM sAdhanA karane lagA ? pyAsA hI pAnI kI khoja karatA hai / tattvaruci yA satyAmIpsA se yukta vyakti hI Adarza kI prApti ke nimitta sAdhanA ke mArga para bArUr3ha hotA hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM samyaktva ke bhedoM kA vivecana karate hue donoM arthoM ko samanvita kara diyA gayA hai / granthakartA kI dRSTi meM yadyapi samyaktva yathArthatA kI abhivyakti karatA hai lekina yathArthatA jisa jJAnAtmaka tathya ke rUpa meM upasthita hotI hai, usake lie satyAmIpsA yA ruci Avazyaka hai / darzana kA artha darzana zabda bhI jainAgamoM meM aneka arthoM meM prayukta huA hai| jIvAdi padArthoM ke svarUpa kA dekhanA, jAnanA, zraddhA karanA darzana kahA jAtA hai / " sAmAnyatayA darzana zabda dekhane ke artha meM vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai lekina yahA~ para darzana zabda kA artha mAtra netrajanya bodha nahIM hai| usameM indriyabodha, manabodha aura Atmabodha sabhI sammilita haiM / darzana zabda ke artha ke sambandha meM jainaparamparA meM kAphI vivAda rahA hai| darzana zabda ko jJAna se alaga karate hue vicArakoM ne darzana ko antarbodha aura jJAna ko bauddhika jJAna kahA hai|" naitika jIvana kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para 30 abhi0 rA0 khaNDa 5, pRSTha 2425 31 sama prAblamsa ina jaina sAikolAjI, pRSTha 32
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________________ zrI jaina divAkara- smRti-grantha darzana zabda kA dRSTikoNaparaka artha kiyA gayA hai / " darzana zabda ke sthAna para dRSTi zabda kA prayoga, usake dRSTikoNaparaka artha kA dyotaka hai| prAcIna jaina AgamoM meM darzana zabda ke sthAna para dRSTi zabda kA prayoga bahulatA se dekhA jAtA hai| tasvArthamUtra" aura uttarAdhyayana sUtra" meM darzana zabda kA artha tattvazraddhA mAnA gayA hai| paravartI jaina sAhitya meM darzana zabda kA deva guru aura dharma ke prati zraddhA yA bhakti ke artha meM bhI vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM samyakdarzana tatva sAkSAtkAra, Atma-sAkSAtkAra, antarbodha, dRSTikoNa, zraddhA aura bhakti Adi ayoM ko apane meM sameTe hue hai| ina para thor3I gaharAI se vicAra karanA apekSita hai| 35 kyA samyakdarzana ke uparokta artha paraspara virodhI haiM ? samyakdarzana zabda ke vibhinna arthoM para vicAra karane se pahale hameM yaha dekhanA hogA ki inameM se kauna-sA artha aitihAsika dRSTi se prathama thA aura usake pazcAt kina-kina aitihAsika paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa yahI zabda apane dUsare arthoM meM prayukta huA / prathamataH hama dekhate haiM ki buddha aura mahAvIra ke apane samaya meM pratyeka dharmaM pravartaka apane siddhAnta ko samyakadRSTi aura dUsare ke siddhAnta ko mithyAdRSTi kahatA thA / boddhAgamoM meM 62 mithyAdRSTiyoM evaM jainAgama sUtrakRtAMga meM 363 mithyAdRSTiyoM kA vivecana milatA hai / lekina vahA~ para mithyAdRSTi zabda azraddhA athavA mithyA zraddhA ke artha meM nahIM varan galata dRSTikoNa ke artha meM hI prayukta huA hai / bAda meM jaba yaha prazna uThA ki galata dRSTikoNa ko kisa sandarbha meM mAnA jAve, to kahA gayA ki jIva (Atmatattva ) aura jagata ke sambandha meM jo galata dRSTikoNa hai, vahI mithyAdarzana yA mithyAdRSTi hai / isa prakAra mithyAdRSTi se tAtparya huA AtmA aura jagata ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM galata dRSTikoNa usa yuga meM pratyeka dharma mArga kA pravartaka AtmA aura jagata ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM apane dRSTikoNa ko samyak dRSTikoNa athavA samyadarzana aura apane virodhI ke dRSTikoNa ko mithyAdRSTi athavA micyAdarzana kahatA thaa| bAda meM pratyeka sampradAya jIvana aura jagata sambandhI apane dRSTikoNa para vizvAsa karane ko samyakdarzana kahane lagA aura jo loga usakI mAnyatAoM ke viparIta mAnyatA rakhate the unako mithyAtvI kahane lagA aura unakI mAnyatA ko mithyaadrshn| isa prakAra samyakdarzana zabda tattvArthazraddhAna ( jIva aura jagata ke svarUpa kI) ke artha meM abhirur3ha huaa| lekina tatvArthazrajJAna ke artha meM bhI samyadarzana zabda apane mUla artha se adhika dUra nahIM huA thaa| yadyapi usakI bhAvanA meM dizA badala cukI thI, usameM zraddhA kA tattva praviSTa ho gayA thA lekina vaha thA thI tattva ke svarUpa kI mAnyatA ke sandarbha meM / vaiyaktika zraddhA kA vikAsa bAda kI bAta thI / zramaNaparamparA meM samyadarzana kA dRSTikoNaparaka artha hI grAhya thA jo bAda meM tattvArthazraddhAna ke rUpa meM vikasita huaa| yahA~ taka to thA meM bauddhika pakSa nihita thA zraddhA jJAnAtmaka thI lekina jaise-jaise bhAgavata sampradAya kA vikAsa huA, usakA prabhAva jaina aura bauddha zramaNa paramparAoM para bhI par3A / tattvArtha kI zraddhA jaba 'buddha' aura 'jina' para kendrita hone lagI- vaha jJAnAtmaka se mAvAsmaka aura nirvaiyaktika se vaiyaktika bana gii| jisane jaina aura bauddha paramparAoM meM bhakti ke tattva 32 abhi0 rA0 khaNDa 5, pR0 2425 33 tatvArtha0 12 34 uttarA0 28/35 35 sAmAyika sUtra samyaktva pATha cintana ke vividha bindu : 530 :
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________________ : 531 : mithyAtva aura samyaktva : eka tulanAtmaka vivezrI jaina divAkara-smRti-grantha kA vapana kiyaa| merI apanI dRSTi meM Agama evaM piTaka granthoM ke saMkalana evaM lipibaddha hone taka yaha saba kucha ho cakA thaa| ata: Agama aura piTaka granthoM meM samyakadarzana ke ina sabhI arthoM kI upasthiti upalabdha hotI hai| vastuta: samyakadarzana kA bhASAzAstrIya vivecana para AdhArita yathArtha dRSTikoNaparaka artha hI usakA prathama evaM mUla artha hai, lekina yathArtha dRSTikoNa to mAtra vItarAga puruSa kA hI ho sakatA hai, jahA~ taka vyakti rAga aura dveSa se yukta hai usakA dRSTikoNa yathArtha nahIM ho sakatA / isa artha ko svIkAra karane para yathArtha dRSTikoNa to sAdhanAvasthA meM sambhava nahIM hogA kyoMki sAdhanA kI avasthA sarAgatA kI avasthA hai| sAdhaka-AtmA meM to rAga aura dveSa donoM kI upasthiti hotI hai, sAdhaka to sAdhanA hI isalie kara rahA hai ki vaha ina donoM se mukta ho, isa prakAra yathArtha dRSTikoNa to mAtra siddhAvasthA meM hogaa| lekina yathArtha dRSTikoNa kI AvazyakatA to sAdhaka ke lie hai, siddha ko to vaha svAbhAvika rUpa meM prApta hai / yathArtha dRSTikoNa ke abhAva meM vyakti kA vyavahAra evaM sAdhanA samyaka nahIM ho sakatI athavA ayathArtha dRSTikoNa jJAna aura jIvana ke vyavahAra ko samyaka nahIM banA sakatA hai| yahA~ eka samasyA utpanna hotI hai / yathArtha dRSTikoNa kA sAdhanAtmaka jIvana meM abhAva hotA hai aura binA yathArtha dRSTikoNa ke sAdhanA ho nahIM sktii| yaha samasyA hameM aisI sthiti meM DAla detI ki jahA~ hameM sAdhanA-mArga kI sambhAvanA ko hI asvIkRta karanA hotA hai| yathArtha dRSTikoNa ke binA sAdhanA sambhava nahIM aura yathArtha dRSTikoNa sAdhanA-kAla meM ho nahIM sktaa| lekina isa dhAraNA meM eka bhrAnti hai, vaha yaha ki sAdhanA mArga ke lie, dRSTikoNa kI yathArthatA ke lie, rAga-doSa se pUrNa vimukta dRSTi kA honA Avazyaka nahIM hai, mAtra itanA Avazyaka hai ki vyakti ayathArthatA ko jAne aura usake kAraNa jAne / aisA sAdhaka yathArthatA ko nahIM jAnate hue bhI samyakadRSTi hI hai, kyoMki vaha asatya ko asatya mAnatA hai aura usake kAraNa ko jAnatA hai ataH vaha bhrAnta nahIM hai, asatya ke kAraNa ko jAnane ke kAraNa vaha usakA nirAkaraNa kara satya ko pA skegaa| yadyapi pUrNa yathArtha dRSTi to eka sAdhaka vyakti meM sambhava nahIM hai, phira bhI usakI rAga-dveSAtmaka vRttiyoM meM jaba svAbhAvika rUpa se kamI ho jAtI hai to isa svAbhAvika parivartana ke kAraNa pUrvAnubhUti aura pazcAnubhUti meM antara jJAta hotA hai aura isa antara ke kAraNa ke cintana meM use do bAteM mila jAtI haiM-eka to yaha ki usakA dRSTikoNa dUSita hai aura usakI dRSTi kI dUSitatA kA amuka kAraNa hai| yadyapi yahA~ satya to prApta nahIM hotA lekina apanI asatyatA aura usake kAraNa kA bodha ho jAtA hai, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa usameM satyAbhIpsA jAgrata ho jAtI hai| yahI satyAbhIpsA use satya yA yathArthatA ke nikaTa pahuMcAtI hai aura jitane aMza meM vaha yathArthatA ke nikaTa pahuMcatA hai utane hI aMza meM usakA jJAna aura cAritra zuddha hotA jAtA hai / jJAna aura cAritra kI zuddhatA se punaH rAga aura dveSa meM kramazaH kamI hotI hai aura usake phalasvarUpa usake daSTikoNa meM aura adhika yathArthatA A jAtI hai| isI prakAra kramazaH vyakti svataH hI sAdhanA kI carama sthiti meM pahu~ca jAtA hai| Avazyakaniyukti meM kahA gayA hai ki jala jaise-jaise svaccha hotA jAtA hai tyoM-tyoM draSTA usameM pratibimbita rUpoM ko spaSTatayA dekhane lagatA hai usI prakAra antara meM jyoM-jyoM tattvaruci jAgrata hotI hai tyoM-tyoM tattva-jJAna prApta hotA jAtA hai|" ise jaina paribhASA meM pratyekabuddha (svataH hI yathArthatA ko jAnane vAle) kA sAdhanA-mArga kahate haiM / 36 dekhie sthAnAMga 5 / 2 uddhRta-Atma-sAdhanA saMgraha, pR0 143 37 Avazyakaniyukti 1163
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________________ zrI jaina divAkara smRti grantha - lekina pratyeka sAmAnya sAdhaka yathArtha dRSTikoNa ko isa prakAra prApta nahIM karatA hai aura na usake lie yaha sambhava hI hai; satya kI svAnubhUti kA mArga kaThina hai satya ko svayaM jAnane kI vidhi kI apekSA dUsarA sahaja mArga hai aura vaha yaha ki jinhoMne svAnubhUti se satya ko jAnakara usakA jo bhI svarUpa batAyA hai, usako mAnakara calanA ise hI jainazAstrakAroM ne tasvAyaMzraddhAna kahA hai arthAt yathArtha dRSTikoNa se yukta vItarAga ne apane yathArtha dRSTikoNa meM sattA kA jo svarUpa prakaTa kiyA hai, use svIkAra kara lenaa| mAna lIjie koI vyakti pitta vikAra se pIr3ita hai, aba aisI sthiti meM vaha kisI zveta vastu ke yathArtha jJAna se vaMcita hogA / use vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ko prApta karane ke do mArga ho sakate haiN| pahalA mArga yaha hai ki usakI bImArI meM svAbhAvika rUpa se jaba kucha kamI ho jAve aura vaha apanI pUrva aura pazcAt kI anubhUti meM antara pAkara apane roga ko jAne aura prayAsoM dvArA use zAnta kara vastu ke yathArthasvarUpa kA bodha pA jaaye| dUsarI sthiti meM jaba kisI dUsare vyakti dvArA use yaha batAyA jAye ki vaha zveta vastu ko pIta varNa kI dekha rahA hai / yahA~ para isa svastha dRSTi vAle vyakti kI bAta ko svIkAra kara lene para bhI use apanI rugNAvasthA yA apanI dRSTi kI dUSitatA kA jJAna ho jAtA hai aura sAtha hI vaha vastutatva ko yathArtha rUpa meM jAna bhI letA hai| cintana ke vividha vindu 532 samyadarzana ko cAhe yathArtha dRSTi kaheM yA tattvArthavadvAna unameM vAstavikatA kI dRSTi se antara nahIM hotA hai / antara hotA hai unakI upalabdhi kI vidhi meM eka vaijJAnika svataH prayoga ke AdhAra para kisI satya kA udghATana karatA hai aura vastutattva ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnatA hai / dUsarA vyakti vaijJAnika ke kathanoM para vizvAsa karake bhI vastutattva ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnatA hai / donoM dazAoM meM vyakti kA dRSTikoNa yathArtha hI kahA jAyagA yadyapi donoM kI upalabdhi vidhi meM antara hai / eka ne use tattva sAkSAtkAra yA svataH kI anubhUti meM pAyA, to dUsare ne zraddhA ke mAdhyama se / vastutattva ke prati dRSTikoNa kI yathArthatA jina mAdhyamoM se prApta kI jA sakatI hai, ye do hai yA to vyakti svayaM tatva sAkSAtkAra kare athavA una RSiyoM, sAdhakoM ke kathanoM para zraddhA kare jinhoMne tatva sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai| tatyazraddhA to mAtra usa samaya taka ke lie eka anivArya vikalpa hai jaba taka sAdhaka tattva sAkSAtkAra nahIM kara letA / antima sthiti to tattva sAkSAtkAra kI hI hai| isa sambandha meM paM0 sukhalAla jI likhate hai "tattvazraddhA hI samyakadRSTi ho to bhI vaha artha antima nahIM hai, antima artha to tattva-sAkSAtkAra hai / tattvazraddhA to tattva-sAkSAtkAra kA eka sopAna mAtra hai / vaha sopAna dRr3ha ho tabhI yathocita puruSArtha se tattva kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai / jaina AcAra-varzana meM samyakdarzana kA sthAna samyakdarzana jaina AcAra vyavasthA kA AdhAra hai| nandIsUtra meM samyadarzana ko saMgha rUpI sumeru parvata kI atyanta sudRr3ha aura gahana bhUpIThikA ( AdhArazilA ) kahA gayA hai jisa para jJAna aura cAritra rUpI uttama dharma kI mekhalA arthAt parvatamAlA sthira rahI huI hai|" jaina AcAradarzana meM sampakadarzana ko mukti kA adhikAra-patra kahA jA sakatA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki samyakdarzana ke binA sampajJAna nahIM hotA aura samyakjJAna ke abhAva meM AcaraNa meM yathArthatA vA saGghAritratA nahIM AtI aura sacAritratA ke abhAva meM karmAvaraNa 38 jainadharma kA prANa, pR0 24 36 nandIsUtra 1|12
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________________ : 533 : mithyAtva aura samyaktva : eka tulanAtmaka vizrI jaina divAkara-smRti-grantha / / se mukti sambhava nahIM aura karmAvaraNa se jakar3e hue prANI kA nirvANa nahIM hotaa| AcArAMgasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki samyakdaSTi pApAcaraNa nahIM krtaa| jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra AcaraNa kA sat athavA asat honA kartA ke dRSTikoNa (darzana) para nirbhara hai| samyakdRSTitva se pariniSpanna hone vAlA AcaraNa sadaiva sat hogA aura mithyAdRSTi se pariniSpanna hone vAlA AcaraNa sadaiva asat hogaa| isI AdhAra para sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai ki vyakti prabuddha hai, bhAgyavAna hai aura parAkramI bhI hai, lekina yadi usakA dRSTikoNa asamyak hai to usakA samasta dAna, tapa Adi puruSArtha phalayukta hone ke kAraNa azuddha hI hogA / vaha use mukti kI ora nahIM le jAkara bandhana kI ora hI le jaavegaa| kyoMki asamyakdarzI hone ke kAraNa vaha Asakta (sarAga) dRSTi vAlA hogA aura Asakta yA phalAzApUrNa vicAra se pariniSpanna hone ke kAraNa usake sabhI kArya bhI phalayukta hoMge aura phalayukta hone se usake bandhana kA kAraNa hoMge / ataH asamyakdarzI vyakti kA sArA puruSArtha azuddha hI kahA jAvegA kyoMki vaha usakI mukti meM bAdhaka hogaa| lekina isake viparIta samyakdRSTi yA vItarAgadRSTisampanna vyakti ke sabhI kArya phalAzA se rahita hone se zuddha hoNge| isa prakAra jaina vicAraNA yaha batAtI hai ki samyakadarzana ke abhAva se vicAra-pravAha sarAga, sakAma yA phalAzA se yukta hotA hai aura yahI karmoM ke prati rahI huI phalAzA bandhana kA kAraNa hone se puruSArtha ko azuddha banA detI hai jabaki samyakadarzana kI upasthiti se vicAra-pravAha vItarAgatA, niSkAmatA aura anAsakti kI ora bar3hatA hai, phalAkAMkSA samApta ho jAtI hai ataH samyakdRSTi se yukta sArA puruSArtha parizuddha hotA hai / 2 bauddha-darzana meM samyakadarzana kA sthAna bauddha-darzana meM samyakadarzana kA kyA sthAna hai, yaha buddha ke nimna kathana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai| aMguttaranikAya meM buddha kahate haiM ki bhikSuo ! maiM dUsarI koI bhI eka bAta aisI nahIM jAnatA jisase anutpanna akuzala-dharma utpanna hote hoM tathA utpanna akuzala-dharmoM meM vRddhi hotI ho, vipulatA hotI ho, jaise bhikSuo ! mithyA-dRSTi / bhikSuo ! mithyAdRSTi vAle meM anutpanna akuzala-dharma paidA ho jAte haiM, utpanna akuzala-dharma vRddhi ko, vipulatA ko prApta ho jAte haiN| bhikSuo ! maiM dUsarI koI bhI eka bAta aisI nahIM jAnatA jisase anutpanna kuzala-dharma utpanna hoM tathA utpanna kuzala-dharmoM meM vRddhi hotI ho, vipulatA hotI ho, jaise bhikSuo ! samyak-dRSTi / bhikSuo! samyak-dRSTi vAle meM anutpanna kuzala-dharma utpanna ho jAte haiM, utpanna kuzala-dharma vRddhi ko, vipulatA ko prApta ho jAte haiN| isa prakAra buddha samyak dRSTi ko naitika jIvana ke lie Avazyaka mAnate haiN| unakI dRSTi meM mithyAdaSTikoNa idhara (saMsAra) kA kinArA hai aura samyak-dRSTikoNa udhara (nirvANa) kA kinArA hai|" buddha ke ye vacana yaha spaSTa kara dete haiM ki bauddha-darzana meM samyak-dRSTi kA kitanA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| 42 sUtrakRtAMga zA22-23 40 uttarA0 28130 43 aMguttaranikAya 1117 41 AcArAMga 232 44 aMguttaranikAya 1112
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________________ | zrI jaina divAkara mmRti-grantha || cintana ke vividha bindu : 534: vaidika-paramparA evaM gItA meM samyak-darzana (zraddhA) kA sthAna vaidika-paramparA meM bhI samyaka-darzana ko mahatvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai| jainadarzana ke samAna hI manusmRti meM kahA gayA hai ki samyak-dRSTi sampanna vyakti karma ke bandhana meM nahIM AtA hai, lekina samyaka-darzana se vihIna vyakti saMsAra meM paribhramita hotA rahatA hai| gItA meM yadyapi samyaka-darzana zabda kA abhAva hai phira bhI samyaka-darzana ko zraddhAparaka artha meM lene para gItA meM usakA mahatvapUrNa sthAna siddha ho jAtA hai| zraddhA gItA ke AcAradarzana ke kendrIya tattvoM meM se eka hai| 'zraddhAvAMllabhate jJAnaM' kahakara gItA meM usake mahatva ko spaSTa kara diyA hai| gItA yaha bhI svIkAra karatI hai ki vyakti kI jaisI zraddhA hotI hai, usakA jIvana ke prati jaisA dRSTikoNa hotA hai, vaisA hI vaha bana jAtA hai| gItA meM zrIkRSNa ne yaha kahakara ki yadi durAcArI vyakti bhI mujhe bhajatA hai arthAt mere prati zraddhA rakhatA hai to use sAdhu hI samajhA jAnA cAhie kyoMki vaha yathArtha nizcaya yA dRSTi se yukta ho cukA hai aura vaha zIghra hI dharmAtmA hokara cirazAMti ko prApta ho jAtA hai, isa kathana meM samyak-darzana yA zraddhA ke mahatva ko spaSTa kara diyA hai| gItA kA yaha kathana AcArAMga ke usa kathana se ki 'samyakdarzI koI pApa nahIM karatA' kAphI adhika sAmyatA rakhatA hai| AcArya zaMkara ne apane gItAbhASya meM bhI samyakadarzana ke mahatva ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki "samyakdarzananiSTha puruSa saMsAra ke bIja rUpa avidyA Adi doSoM kA unmUlana nahIM kara sake aisA kadApi sambhava nahIM ho sakatA arthAt samyak-darzanayukta puruSa nizcitarUpa se nirvANa-lAbha karatA hai|" AcArya zaMkara ke anusAra jaba taka samyakdarzana nahIM hotA taba taka rAga (viSayAsakti) kA uccheda nahIM hotA aura jaba taka rAga kA uccheda nahIM hotA, mukti sambhava nahIM hotii| samyakdarzana AdhyAtmika jIvana kA prANa hai| jisa prakAra cetanA se rahita zarIra zava hai usI prakAra samyak-darzana se rahita vyakti calatA-phiratA zava hai| jisa prakAra zava loka meM tyAjya hotA hai vaise hI AdhyAtmika-jagata meM yaha cala-zava tyAjya hotA hai| vastutaH samyakadarzana eka jIvana-dRSTi hai| binA jIvana-dRSTi ke jIvana kA koI artha nahIM raha jaataa| vyakti kI jIvana-dRSTi jaisI hotI hai usI rUpa meM usake caritra kA nirmANa ho jAtA hai| gItA meM kahA gayA hai ki vyakti zraddhAmaya hai, jaisI zraddhA hotI hai vaisA hI vaha bana jAtA hai| asamyak jIvanadRSTi patana kI ora aura samyak jIvana-dRSTi utthAna kI ora le jAtI hai isalie yathArtha jIvanadRSTi kA nirmANa jise bhAratIya paramparA meM samyakadarzana, samyakaddaSTi yA zraddhA kahA gayA hai, Avazyaka hai| yathArtha jIvanadRSTi kyA hai ? yadi isa prazna para hama gambhIratApUrvaka vicAra kareM to hama pAte haiM ki samAlocya sabhI AcAra-darzanoM meM anAsakta evaM vItarAga jIvana dRSTi ko hI yathArtha jIvanadRSTi mAnA gayA hai| 45 manusmRti 674 47 gItA // 30-31 46 mAvapAhuDa 143 46 gItA 173 48 gItA (zAM0) 18 / 12 50 gItA 1713
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________________ : 535 : mithyAtva aura samyaktva : eka tulanAtmaka vicchiI jaina divAkara smRti-grantha // samyakadarzana kA vargIkaraNa uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM samyakadarzana ke, usakI utpatti ke AdhAra para, dasa bheda kiye gaye haiM, jo nimnAnusAra haiM (1) nisarga (svabhAva) ruci samyaktva-jo yathArtha dRSTikoNa vyakti meM svataH hI utpanna ho jAtA hai, vaha nisargaruci samyaktva kahA jAtA hai / (2) upadezaruci samyaktva-dUsare vyakti se sunakara jo yathArtha dRSTikoNa yA tattvazraddhAna hotA hai, vaha upadezaruci samyaktva hai| (3) AjJAruci samyaktva-vItarAga mahApuruSoM ke naitika AdezoM ko mAnakara jo yathArtha dRSTikoNa utpanna hotA hai athavA jo tattvazraddhA hotI hai, use AjJAruci samyaktva kahA jAtA hai| (4) sUtraruci samyaktva -aMgapraviSTa evaM aMgabAhya granthoM ke adhyayana ke AdhAra para jo yathArtha dRSTikoNa yA tattvazraddhAna hotA hai, vaha sUtraruci samyaktva kahA jAtA hai| (5) bojaruci samyaktva-yathArthatA ke svalpabodha ko svacintana ke dvArA vikasita karanA, bIjaruci samyaktva hai| (6) abhigamaruci samyaktva-aMgasAhitya evaM anya granthoM ko artha evaM vivecanA sahita adhyayana karane se jo tattva-bodha evaM tatva-zraddhA utpanna hotI hai, vaha abhigamaruci samyaktva hai| (7) vistAraruci samyaktva-vastutattva (SaT dravyoM) ke aneka pakSoM kA vibhinna apekSAoM (dRSTikoNoM) evaM pramANoM se avabodha kara unakI yathArthatA para zraddhA karanA, yaha vistAraruci samyaktva hai| (4) kriyAruci samyaktva-prArambhika rUpa meM sAdhaka jIvana kI vibhinna kriyAoM ke AcaraNa meM ruci ho aura usa sAdhanAtmaka anuSThAna ke phalasvarUpa yathArthatA kA bodha ho, vaha kriyAruci samyaktva hai| (8) saMkSeparuci samyaktva-jo vastutattva kA yathArtha svarUpa nahIM jAnatA hai aura jo Arhat pravacana (jJAna) meM pravINa bhI nahIM hai lekina jisane ayathArtha (mithyAdRSTikoNa) ko aMgIkRta bhI nahIM kiyA, jisameM yathArtha jJAna kI alpatA hote hue bhI mithyA (asatya) dhAraNA nahIM hai aisA samyaktva saMkSeparuci kahA jAtA hai / (10) dharmaci samyaktva-tIrthakaradeva praNIta dharma meM batAe gae dravya svarUpa, Agama sAhitya evaM naitika niyama (cAritra) para Astikya bhAva rakhanA unheM yathArtha mAnanA yaha dharma ruci samyaktva hai|51 samyaktva kA trividha vargIkaraNa52 apekSAbheda se samyaktva kA trividha vargIkaraNa bhI jainAcAryoM ne kiyA hai| isa vargIkaraNa ke anusAra samyaktva ke kAraka, rocaka aura dIpaka aise tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM : 1. kArakasamyaktva jisa yathArtha dRSTikoNa (samyaktva) ke hone para vyakti sadAcaraNa yA samyakacAritra kI 51 uttarA0 28.16 52 vizeSAvazyakabhASya 2675
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________________ zrI jaina divAkara smRti grantha cintana ke vividha bindu 536 sAdhanA meM agrasara hotA hai, vaha 'kAraka samyaktva' hai| kAraka samyaktva aisA yathArtha dRSTikoNa hai jisameM vyakti Adarza kI upalabdhi ke hetu sakriya evaM prayAsazIla bana jAtA hai| naitika dRSTi se kaheM to 'kAraka-samyakva' zubhAzubha viveka kI vaha avasthA hai jisameM vyakti jisa zubha kA nizcaya karatA hai usakA AcaraNa bhI karatA hai / yahA~ jJAna aura kriyA meM abheda hotA hai| sukarAta kA yaha vacana ki 'jJAna hI sadguNa hai' isa avasthA meM lAgU hotA hai / 2. rocaka samyaktva rocaka samyaktva satyabodha kI vaha avasthA hai jisameM vyakti zubha ko zubha aura azubha ko azubha ke rUpa meM jAnatA hai aura zubha kI prApti kI icchA bhI karatA hai, lekina usake lie prayAsa nahIM karatA / satyAsatyaviveka hone para bhI satya kA AcaraNa nahIM kara pAnA, yaha rocaka samyaktva hai / jaise koI rogI apanI rugNAvasthA ko bhI jAnatA hai, roga kI auSadhi bhI jAnatA hai aura roga se mukta honA bhI cAhatA hai lekina phira bhI auSadhi kA grahaNa nahIM kara pAtA vaise hI rocaka samyaktva vAlA vyakti saMsAra ke duHkhamaya yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnatA hai, usase mukta honA bhI cAhatA hai, use mokSa - mArga kA bhI jJAna hotA hai phira vaha samyakcAritra kA pAlana ( cAritramohakarma ke udaya ke kAraNa ) nahIM kara pAtA hai / isa avasthA ko mahAbhArata ke usa vacana ke samakakSa mAnA jA sakatA hai, jisameM kahA gayA hai ki dharma ko jAnate hue bhI usameM pravRtti nahIM hotI aura adharma ko jAnate hue bhI usase nivRtti nahIM hotI hai| 3. dIpakasamyaktva vaha avasthA jisameM vyakti apane upadeza se dUsaroM meM tatvajijJAsA utpanna kara detA hai aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa hone vAle yathArthabodha kA kAraNa banatA hai, dIpaka samyaktva kahalAtI hai / dIpaka samyaktva vAlA vyakti vaha hai jo dUsaroM ko sanmArga para lagA dene kA kAraNa to bana jAtA hai| lekina svayaM kumArga kA hI pathika banA rahatA hai jaise koI nadI ke taura para khar3A huA vyakti kisI nadI ke madhya meM thake hue tairAka kA utsAhavardhana kara usake pAra lagane kA kAraNa bana jAtA hai yadyapi na to svayaM tairanA jAnatA hai aura na pAra hI hotA hai / samyaktva kA trividha vargIkaraNa eka anya prakAra se bhI kiyA gayA hai - jisameM karma prakRtiyoM ke kSayopazama ke AdhAra para usake bheda kiye haiN| jaina vicAraNA meM anantAnubaMdhI (tIvratama) krodha, mAna, mAyA ( kapaTa), lobha tathA mithyAtvamoha, mizramoha aura samyaktvamoha yaha sAta karmaprakRtiyA~ samyaktva ( yathArthabodha ) kI virodhI mAnI gayI haiM, isameM samyaktvamohanIya ko chor3a zeSa chaha karmaprakRtiyAM udaya hotI haiM to samyaktva kA pragaTana nahIM ho pAtA / samyaktvamoha mAtra samyaktva kI nirmalatA aura vizuddhi meM bAdhaka hotA hai| karmaprakRtiyoM kI tIna sthitiyAM haiM 1. kSaya, 2. upazama, aura 3. kSayopazama / isI AdhAra para samyaktva kA yaha vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai jisameM samyaktva tIna prakAra kA hotA hai 1. aupazamika samyaktva 2. kSAyika samyaktva, aura 3. kSAyopazamika samyaktva / 53 dekhie - paMcadazI 6 / 176 uddhRta -- bhAratIya darzana, pR0 12
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________________ : 537 : mithyAtva aura samyaktva : eka tulanAtmaka viveizrI jaina divAkara- smRti-grantha 1. aupazamika samyaktva uparokta (kriyamANa) karmaprakRtiyoM ke upazamita (dabAI huI) ho jAne se jisa samyaktva guNa kA pragaTana hotA hai vaha aupazamika samyaktva kahalAtA hai / aupazamika samyaktva meM sthAyitva kA abhAva hotA hai| zAstrIya vivecanA ke anusAra yaha eka antarmuhUrta (45 miniTa) se adhika nahIM Tika pAtA hai / upazamita karmaprakRtiyA~ ( vAsanAe~) punaH jAgrata hokara ise vinaSTa kara detI hai| 2. kSAyika samyaktva uparokta sAtoM karmaprakRtiyoM ke kSaya ho jAne para jisa samyaktva rUpa yathArthabodha kA pragaTana hotA hai, vaha kSAyika samyaktva kahalAtA hai / yaha yathArthabodha sthAyI hotA hai aura eka bAra prakaTa hone para kabhI mI vinaSTa nahIM hotA hai / zAstrIya bhASA meM yaha sAdi evaM ananta hotA hai / 3. kSAyopazamika samyaktva mithyAtyajanaka udayagata ( kriyamANa) karmaprakRtiyoM ke kSaya ho jAne para aura anudita ( sattAvAna yA sacita) karmaprakRtiyoM ke upazama ho jAne para jisa samyaktva kA pragaTana hotA hai vaha kSAyopazamika samyaktva kahalAtA hai| yadyapi sAmAnya dRSTi se yaha asthAyI hI hai phira bhI eka lambI samayAvadhi (chayAsaTha sAgaropama se kucha adhika ) taka avasthita raha sakatA hai / aupazamika aura kSAyopazamika samyaktva kI bhUmikA meM samyaktva ke rasa kA pAna karane ke pazcAt jaba sAdhaka punaH mithyAtva kI ora lauTatA hai to lauTane kI isa kSaNika samayAvadhi meM bAnta samyaktva kA kiMcit saMskAra avaziSTa rahatA hai / jaise vamana karate samaya vamita padArthoM kA kucha svAda AtA hai vaise hI samyaktva ko vAnta karate samaya samyaktva kA bhI kucha AsvAda rahatA hai| jIva kI aisI sthiti sAsvAdana samyaktva kahalAtI hai / sAtha hI jaba jIva kSAyopazamika samyaktva kI bhUmikA se kSAyika samyaktva kI prazasta bhUmikA para Age bar3hatA hai aura isa vikAsa krama meM jaba vaha samyaktvamohanIya karma prakRti ke karmadalikoM kA anubhava kara rahA hotA hai to usake samyaktva kI yaha avasthA 'vedaka samyaktva' kahalAtI hai / vedaka samyaktva ke anantara jIva kSAyika samyaktva ko prApta kara letA hai / vastutaH sAsvAdana samyaktva aura vedaka samyaktva samyaktva ko madhyAntara avasthAyeM haiM / pahalI samyaktva se mithyAtva kI ora girate samaya aura dUsarI kSAyopazamika samyaktva se kSAyika samyaktva kI ora bar3hate samaya hotI hai| samyaktva kA vividha vargIkaraNa samyaktva kA vizleSaNa aneka apekSAoM se kiyA gayA hai tAki usake vividha pahaluoM para samucita prakAza DAlA jA sake / samyaktva kA vividha vargIkaraNa cAra prakAra se kiyA gayA hai(a) dravyasamyaktva aura bhAvasamyaksya" 1. dravyasamyaktva vizuddha rUpa meM pariNata kiye hue mithyAtva ke karmaparamANu dravyasamyaktva kahalAte haiM / 54 pravacanasArodvAra (TIkA) 141942
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________________ | zrI jaina divAkara-smRti-grantha | cintana ke vividha bindu : 538 : 2. bhAvasamyaktva-uparokta vizuddha pudgala vargaNA ke nimitta se hone vAlI tattvazraddhA bhAvasamyaktva kahalAtI hai| (ba) nizcayasamyaktva aura vyavahArasamyaktva55 1. nizcayasamyaktva-rAga-dveSa aura moha kA atyalpa ho jAnA, para-padArthoM se bhedajJAna evaM sva-svarUpa meM ramaNa, deha meM rahate hue dehAdhyAsa kA chUTa jAnA, yaha nizcayasamyaktva ke lakSaNa haiN| merA zuddha svarUpa anantajJAna, anantadarzana aura anantaAnandamaya hai| para-mAva yA Asakti hI mere bandhana kA kAraNa hai, aura sva-svabhAva meM ramaNa karanA yahI mokSa kA hetu hai| maiM svayaM hI apanA Adarza haiM, deva-garu aura dharma yaha merA AtmA hI hai| aisI dRDha zraddhA kA honA hI nizcayasamyaktva hai| dUsare zabdoM meM Atmakendrita honA yahI nizcayasamyaktva hai| 2. vyavahArasamyaktva-vItarAga meM devabuddhi (Adarza buddhi), pA~ca mahAvratoM ke pAlana karane vAle muniyoM meM gurubuddhi aura jinapraNIta dharma meM siddhAntabuddhi rakhanA, yaha vyavahArasamyaktva hai| (sa) nisargajasamyaktva aura adhigamajasamyaktva56 1. nisargajasamyaktva-jisa prakAra nadI ke pravAha meM par3A huA patthara aprayAsa hI svAbhAvika rUpa se gola ho jAtA hai usI prakAra saMsAra meM bhaTakate hue prANI ke anAyAsa hI jaba karmAvaraNa ke alpa hone para yathArthatA kA bodha ho jAtA hai to aisA satyabodha nisargaja (prAkRtika) hotA hai / binA kisI guru Adi ke upadeza ke svAbhAvika rUpa meM svataH utpanna hone vAlA aisA satyabodha nisargajasamyaktva kahalAtA hai| 2. adhigamajasamyaktva-guru Adi ke upadezarUpa nimitta se hone vAlA satyabodha yA samyaktva adhigamajasamyaktva kahalAtA hai| ___ isa prakAra jaina dArzanika na to vedAnta aura mImAMsaka darzana ke anusAra satya-patha ke nitya prakaTana ko svIkAra karate haiM aura na nyAya-vaizeSika aura yogadarzana ke samAna yaha mAnate haiM ki satya-patha kA prakaTana Izvara ke dvArA hotA hai varan ve to yaha mAnate haiM ki jIvAtmA meM satyabodha ko prApta karane kI svAbhAvika zakti hai aura vaha binA kisI dUsare kI sahAyatA ke satya-patha kA bodha prApta kara sakatA hai yadyapi kinhIM viziSTa AtmAoM (sarvajJa, tIrthakara) dvArA satya-patha kA prakaTana evaM upadeza bhI kiyA jAtA hai|57 samyaktva ke pA~ca aMga samyaktva yathArthatA hai, satya hai; isa satya kI sAdhanA ke lie jaina vicArakoM ne 5 aMgoM kA vidhAna kiyA hai / jaba taka sAdhaka inheM nahIM apanA letA hai vaha yathArthatA yA satya kI ArAdhanA evaM upalabdhi meM samartha nahIM ho pAtA / samyaktva ke nimna pA~ca aMga haiM : 1. sama-samyaktva kA pahalA lakSaNa hai sama / prAkRta bhASA kA yaha 'sama' zabda saMskRta bhASA meM tIna rUpa letA hai-1. sama, 2. zama, 3. zrama / ina tInoM zabdoM ke aneka artha hote haiN| 55 pravacanasAroddhAra (TIkA) 146 / 942 56 sthAnAMga sUtra 221170 57 sTaDIja ina jaina philAsaphI, pR0 268
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________________ : 536 : mithyAtva aura samyaktva eka tulanAtmaka vivecchrI jaina divAkara smRti grantha pahale 'sama' zabda ke hI do artha hote haiM / pahale artha meM yaha samAnubhUti yA tulyatA hai arthAt sabhI prANiyoM ko apane samAna samajhanA hai| isa artha meM 'Atmavat sarvabhUteSu' ke mahAn siddhAnta kI sthApanA karatA hai jo ahiMsA kI vicAra praNAlI kA AdhAra hai| dUsare artha meM ise sama-manovRtti yA samabhAva kahA jA sakatA hai arthAt sukha-duHkha, hAni-lAbha Adi evaM anukUla aura pratikUla donoM sthitiyoM meM samabhAva rakhanA, citta ko vicalita nahIM hone denaa| yaha cittavRtti saMtulana hai| saMskRta ke 'rAma' ke rUpa ke AdhAra para isakA artha hotA hai zAMta karanA arthAt kaSAyAgni yA vAsanAoM ko zAMta krnaa| saMskRta ke tIsare rUpa 'zrama' ke AdhAra para isakA nirvAcana hotA hai- prayAsa prayatna yA puruSArtha karanA | " 2. saMvega saMvega zabda kA zAbdika vizleSaNa karane para usakA nimna artha dhvanita hotA hai - sam + vega, sam samyak, ucita, vega gati arthAt samyagati sam zabda AtmA ke artha meM bhI A sakatA hai| isa prakAra isakA artha hogA AtmA kI ora gti| dUsare, sAmAnya artha meM saMvega zabda anubhUti ke artha meM bhI prayukta hotA hai / yahA~ isakA tAtparya hogA svAnubhUti, AtmAnubhUti athavA AtmA ke Anandamaya svarUpa kI anubhuuti| tIsare, AkAMkSA kI tIvratama avasthA ko bhI saMvega kahA jAtA hai| isa prasaMga meM isakA artha hogA satyAmIptA arthAt sasya ko jAnane ke tIvratama AkAMkSA kyoMki jisameM satyAbhIpsA hogI vahI satya ko pA sakegA / satyAbhIpsA se hI ajJAna se jJAna kI ora pragati hotI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM saMvega kA pratiphala batAte hue mahAvIra kahate haiM ki saMvega se mithyAtva kI vizuddhi hokara yathArtha-darzana kI upalabdhi ( ArAdhanA ) hotI hai / I 58 3. nirveda - nirveda zabda kA artha hotA hai udAsInatA, vairAgya, anAsakti / sAMsArika pravRttiyoM ke prati udAsIna bhAva rkhnaa| kyoMki isake abhAva meM sAdhanA mArga para calanA sambhava nahIM hotaa| vastutaH nirveda niSkAma bhAvanA yA anAsakta dRSTi ke udaya kA Avazyaka aMga hai| 4. anukampA isa zabda kA zAbdika nirvacana isa prakAra hai-anukampA / anu kA artha + / hai tadanusAra, kampa kA artha hai dhUjanA yA kampita honA arthAt kisI anya ke anusAra kampita honA / dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to dUsare vyakti ke duHkhita yA pIr3ita hone para tadanukUla anubhUti hamAre andara utpanna honA yahI anukampA hai| dUsare ke sukha-duHkha ko apanA sukha-duHkha samajhanA yahI anukampA kA artha hai paropakAra ke naitika siddhAnta kA AdhAra yahI anukampA hai| ise sahAnubhUti bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / 5. Astikya - Astikya zabda AstikatA kA dyotaka hai| jisake mUla meM asti zabda hai jo sattA kA vAcaka hai | Astika kise kahA jAe isa prazna kA uttara aneka rUpoM meM diyA gayA hai / kucha ne kahA- jo Izvara ke astitva yA sattA meM vizvAsa karatA hai, vaha Astika hai / dUsaroM ne kahAjo vedoM meM AsthA rakhatA hai, vaha Astika hai / lekina jaina vicAraNA meM Astika aura nAstika ke vibheda kA AdhAra isase mitra hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra jo puNya-pApa, purnajanma karma siddhAnta aura AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra karatA hai, vaha Astika hai / 1 samyaktva ke dUSaNa (aticAra ) jaina vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM yathArthatA yA samyaktva ke nimna pAMca dUSaNa (aticAra) mAne 58 uttarA0 26 / 1
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________________ zrI jaina divAkara- smRti-grantha gaye haiM jo satya yA yathArthatA ko apane vizuddha svarUpa meM jAnane athavA anubhUta karane meM bAdhaka hote haiM / aticAra vaha doSa hai jisase vrata bhaMga to nahIM hotA lekina usakI samyaktA prabhAvita hotI hai| samyaka dRSTikoNa kI yathArthatA ko prabhAvita karane vAle 3 doSa hai--1. cala 2. mala, aura 3. agAr3ha / cala doSa se tAtparya yaha hai ki yadyapi vyakti antaHkaraNapUrvaka to yathArtha dRSTikoNa ke prati dRr3ha rahatA hai lekina kabhI-kabhI kSaNika rUpa meM bAhya AvegoM se prabhAvita ho jAtA hai / mala ve doSa haiM jo yathArtha dRSTikoNa kI nirmalatA ko prabhAvita karate haiN| mala nimna pAMca hai 1. zaMkA vItarAga yA arhatu ke kathanoM para zaMkA karanA, unakI yathArthatA ke prati saMdehAtmaka dRSTikoNa rakhanA / 2. AkAMkSA svadharma ko chor3akara para-dharma kI icchA karanA, AkAMkSA karanA athavA naitika evaM dhArmika AcaraNa ke phala kI AkAMkSA krnaa| phalAsakti bhI sAdhanA mArga meM bAdhaka tattva mAnI gayI hai / 3. vicikitsA naitika athavA dhArmika AcaraNa ke phala ke prati saMzaya karanA ki mere isa sadAcaraNa kA pratiphala milegA yA nahIM / jaina vicAraNA meM karmoM kI phalApekSA evaM phala-saMzaya donoM ko hI anucita mAnA gayA hai| kucha jainAcAyoM ke anusAra isakA artha ghRNA bhI lagAyA gayA hai|" rogI evaM glAna vyaktiyoM ke prati ghRNA rkhnaa| ghRNAbhAva banAtA hai / vyakti ko sevApatha se vimukha 4. midhyAdRSTiyoM kI prazaMsA - jina logoM kA dRSTikoNa samyaka nahIM hai aise ayathArtha dRSTikoNa vAle vyaktiyoM athavA saMgaThanoM kI prazaMsA karanA / 5. midhyAdRSTiyoM se ati paricaya sAdhanAtmaka athavA naitika jIvana ke prati jinakA dRSTikoNa ayathArtha hai, aise vyaktiyoM se paniSTha sambandha rakhanA saMgati kA asara vyakti ke jIvana para kAphI adhika hotA hai / cAritra ke nirmANa evaM patana donoM meM hI saMgati kA prabhAva par3atA hai ataH anaitika AcaraNa karane vAle logoM se atiparicaya yA ghaniSTha sambandha rakhanA ucita nahIM mAnA gayA hai / / cintana ke vividha bindu : 540 : -- paM0 banArasIdAsajI ne nATaka samayasAra meM samyaktva ke aticAroM kI eka bhinna sUcI prastuta kI hai| unake anusAra samyakdarzana ke nimna pA~ca aticAra haiM 4. mithyAzAstroM kI prazaMsA evaM 5. mithyA-matiyoM kI sevA 60 1. lokabhaya 2. sAMsArika sukhoM ke prati Asakti 3. bhAvI jIvana meM sAMsArika sukhoM ke prApta karane kI icchA agAr3ha doSa vaha doSa hai jisameM asthiratA rahatI hai| jisa prakAra hilate hue darpaNa meM yathArtha rUpa to dikhatA hai lekina vaha asthira hotA hai / isI prakAra asthira citta meM satya kA prakaTana to hotA hai lekina vaha bhI asthira hotA hai / smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra uparokta doSoM kI sambhAvanA kSAyopazamika samyaktva meM hotI hai--upazama samyaktva aura kSAyika 52 dekhie gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa) gAthA 26 kI aMgrejI TIkA je0 ela0 jaina, pRSTha 22 60 nATaka samayAsAra 1338
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________________ : 541 mithyAtva aura samyaktva eka tulanAtmaka viSezrI jaina divAkara smRti grantha samyaktva meM nahIM hotI hai kyoMki upazama samyavazva kI samayAvadhi hI itanI kSaNika hotI hai ki doSa hone kA avakAza hI nahIM rahatA aura kSAyika samyaktva pUrNa zuddha hotA hai ataH vahAM bhI doSoM kI sambhAvanA nahIM rahatI hai / samyadarzana ke ATha aMga yA ATha darzanAcAra uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM samyagdarzana kI sAdhanA ke ATha aMga prastuta kiye gaye haiM jinakA samAcaraNa sAdhaka ke lie apekSita hai / darzanavizuddhi evaM usake saMvarddhana aura saMrakSaNa ke lie inakA pAlana Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM varNita yaha ATha prakAra kA darzanAcAra nimna hai 4 - amUDhadRSTi 5- upabRMhaNa 1 - niHzaMkita 2-nikAMkSita 3- nivicikitsA 6- sthirIkaraNa 7 vAtsalya aura prabhAvanA / " 8- 1. niHzaMkatA saMzayazIlatA kA abhAva hI niHsaMkatA hai| jinapraNIta tattva-darzana meM zaMkA nahIM karanA --- use yathArtha evaM satya mAnanA, yahI niHzaMkatA hai / saMzayazIlatA sAdhanAtmaka jIvana ke vikAsa kA vighAtaka tattva hai| jisa sAdhaka kI manaHsthiti saMzaya ke hiMDole meM jhUla rahI ho vaha bhI isa saMsAra meM jhUlatA rahatA hai (paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai) aura apane lakSya ko nahIM pA sakatA / sAdhanA ke lakSya kI prApti ke lie sAdhya, sAdhaka aura sAdhanA-patha tInoM para avicala zraddhA caahie| sAdhaka meM jisa kSaNa bhI ina tInoM meM se eka ke prati bhI sandehazIlatA utpanna hotI hai, vaha sAdhanA ke kSetra meM cyuta ho jAtA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina vicAraNA sAdhanAtmaka jIvana ke lie nizzaMkatA ko Avazyaka mAnatI hai / nizzaMkatA kI isa dhAraNA ko prajJA aura tarka kI virodhI nahIM mAnanA cAhie / saMzaya jJAna ke vikAsa meM sAdhana ho sakatA hai lekina use sAdhya mAna lenA athavA saMzaya meM hI ruka jAnA yaha sAdhanAtmaka jIvana ke upayukta nahIM hai| mUlAcAra meM nizzaMkatA ko nirbhayatA mAnA gayA hai| naitikatA ke lie pUrNa nirbhaya jIvana Avazyaka hai / bhaya para sthita naitikatA saccI naitikatA nahIM hai / 2. ni0kAMkSatA svakIya Anandamaya paramAtmasvarUpa meM niSThAvAna rahanA aura kisI bhI parabhAva ko AkAMkSA yA icchA nahIM karanA yahI niSkAMkSatA hai| sAdhanAtmaka jIvana meM bhautika vaibhava athavA aihika tathA pAralaukika sukha ko lakSya banA lenA, yahI jainadarzana ke anusAra 'kAMkSA' hai / " kisI bhI laukika aura pAralaukika kAmanA ko lekara sAdhanAtmaka jIvana meM praviSTa honA yaha jaina vicAraNA ko mAnya nahIM hai; vaha aisI sAdhanA ko vAstavika sAdhanA nahIM kahatA hai kyoMki vaha Atmakendrita nahIM hai / bhautika sukhoM aura upalabdhiyoM ke pIche bhAgane vAlA sAdhaka camatkAra aura pralobhana ke pIche kisI bhI kSaNa lakSyacyuta ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra jaina sAdhanA meM yaha mAnA gayA hai ki sAdhaka ko sAdhanA ke kSetra meM praviSTa hone ke lie niSkAMkSita athavA niSkAma bhAva se yukta honA cAhie / AcArya amRtacandra ne puruSArthasiddha yupAya meM niSkAMkSatA kA artha ekAntika mAnyatAoM se dUra rahanA kiyA hai|" isa AdhAra para anAgrahayukta dRSTikoNa samyaktva ke lie Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai / -- 61 uttarA0 2831 63 mUlAcAra 252-53 65 puruSArtha0 24 62 AcArAMga 115 / 5 / 163 64 ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra 12
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________________ zrI jaina divAkara smRti grantha 3. nivicikitsA nirvicikitsA ke do artha mAne gaye haiM (a) maiM jo dharma kriyA yA sAdhanA kara rahA hU~ isakA phala mujhe milegA yA nahIM, merI yaha sAdhanA vyartha to nahIM calI jAvegI, aisI AzaMkA rakhanA 'vicikitsA' kahalAtI hai / isa prakAra sAdhanA athavA naitika kriyA ke phala ke prati zaMkita bane rahanA vicikitsA hai| zaMkita hRdaya se sAdhanA karane vAle sAdhaka meM sthiratA aura dhairya kA abhAva hotA hai aura usakI sAdhanA saphala nahIM ho pAtI hai| ataH sAdhaka ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha isa pratIti ke sAtha naitika AcaraNa kA prArambha kareM ki kriyA aura phala kA avinAbhAvI sambandha hai aura yadi naitika AcaraNa kiyA jAvegA to nizcita rUpa se usakA phala prApta hogA hI / isa prakAra kriyA ke phala ke prati sandeha nahIM honA yahI nirvicikitsA hai| (ba) kucha jainAcAyoM ke anusAra tapasvI evaM saMyamaparAyaNa muniyoM ke durbala evaM jarjara zarIra athavA malina vezabhUSA ko dekhakara mana meM glAni lAnA vicikitsA hai| ataH sAdhaka kI vezabhUSA evaM zarIrAdi bAhya rUpa para dhyAna nahIM dekara usake sAdhanAtmaka guNoM para vicAra karanA cAhie / vezabhUSA evaM zarIra Adi bAhya saundarya para dRSTi ko kendrita nahIM karake Atma-saundarya kI ora use kendrita karanA yahI saccI nirvicikitsA hai| AcArya samantabhrada kA kathana hai- zarIra to svabhAva se hI apavitra hai usakI pavitratA to samyagjJAna darzana cAritrarUpa ratnatraya ke sadAcaraNa se hI hotI hai ataeva guNIjanoM ke zarIra se puNA na kara unake guNoM se prema karanA nividhikiratA hai|" 4. amUhaSTi mUDhatA kA artha hai ajJAna heya aura upAdeva, yogya aura ayogya ke madhya nirNAyaka kSamatA kA abhAva hI ajJAna hai, mUr3hatA hai| jaina sAhitya meM vibhinna prakAra kI mUr3hatAoM kA vargIkaraNa tIna bhAgoM meM kiyA gayA hai cintana ke vividha bindu 542 1. devamUr3hatA 2. lokamUr3hatA aura 3 smymuuddh'taa| 1 (a) devamUr3hatA sAdhanA kA Adarza kauna hai ? upAsya banane kI kSamatA kisameM hai ? aise nirNAyaka jJAna kA abhAva hI devamUr3hatA hai, jisake kAraNa sAdhaka apane lie galata Adarza aura upAsya kA cayana kara letA hai| jisameM upAsya evaM sAdhanA kA Adarza banane kI yogyatA nahIM hai use upAsya banA lenA devamUr3hatA hai| kAma-krodhAdi vikAroM ke pUrNa vijetA, vItarAga evaM avikala jJAna aura darzana se yukta paramAtmA ko hI apanA upAsya aura Adarza banAnA, yahI deva ke prati amUr3hadRSTi hai / (ba) lokamUr3hatA- loka pravAha aura rUr3hiyoM kA andhAnukaraNa yahI loka mUr3hatA hai / AcArya samantabhadra loka mUr3hatA kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahate haiM ki 'nadiyoM evaM sAgara meM snAna karane se AtmA kI zuddhi mAnanA, pattharoM kA Dhera kara usase mukti samajhanA athavA parvata se girakara yA agni meM jalakara prANa visarjana karanA Adi lokamUr3hatAeM haiN| ( sa ) samayamUr3hatA -- samaya kA artha siddhAnta yA zAstra bhI mAnA gayA hai / isa artha meM saiddhAntika jJAna yA zAstrIya jJAna kA abhAva samayamUr3hatA hai| 66 ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra 13 67 ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra 14
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________________ GRA : 543 : mithyAtva aura samyaktva : eka tulanAtmaka vivezrI jaina divAkara - smRti-grantha / 5. upabRhaNa-buhi dhAtu ke sAtha 'upa' upasarga lagAne se upabaha zabda niSpanna huA hai jisakA artha hotA hai vRddhi karanA, poSaNa karanA apane AdhyAtmika guNoM kA vikAsa karanA yaha upabahaNa hai|" samyak AcaraNa karane vAle guNijanoM kI prazaMsA Adi karake unake samyaka AcaraNa kI vRddhi meM yoga denA upabRhaNa hai| 6. sthirIkaraNa-sAdhanAtmaka jIvana meM kabhI-kabhI aise avasara upasthita ho jAte haiM jaba sAdhaka bhautika pralobhana evaM sAdhanAtmaka jIvana kI kaThinAiyoM ke kAraNa pathacyuta ho jAtA hai| ataH aise avasaroM para svayaM ko pathacyUta hone se bacAnA aura pathacyUta sAdhakoM ko dharmamArga meM sthira karanA, yaha sthirIkaraNa hai| samyagdRSTisampanna sAdhaka ko na kevala apane vikAsa kI cintA karanI hotI hai varan usakA yaha bhI kartavya hai ki vaha aise sAdhakoM ko jo dharmamArga se vicalita yA patita ho gaye haiM, unheM mArga meM sthira kre| jainadarzana yaha mAnatA hai ki vyakti yA samAja kI bhautika sevA saccI sevA nahIM hai, saccI sevA to hai use dharmamArga meM sthira karanA / jainAcAryoM kA kathana hai ki vyakti apane zarIra ke camar3e ke jUte banAkara apane mAtA-pitA ko pahinAve arthAt unake prati itanA adhika Atmotsarga kA bhAva rakhe to bhI vaha unake RNa se uRNa nahIM ho sakatA, vaha mAtApitA ke RNa se uRNa tabhI mAnA jAtA hai jaba vaha unheM dharmamArga meM sthira karatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, unake sAdhanAtmaka jIvana meM sahayoga detA hai / ataH dharma-mArga se patita hone vAle vyaktiyoM ko dharma-mArga meM puna: sthira karanA yaha sAdhaka kA kartavya mAnA gayA hai| isa patana ke do prakAra hote haiM 1. darzana vikRti arthAt dRSTikoNa kI vikRtatA 2. cAritra vikRti arthAt dharma-mArga yA sadAcaraNa se cyuta honaa| donoM hI sthitiyoM meM use yathocita bodha dekara sthira karanA caahie| 7. vAtsalya-dharmamArga meM samAcaraNa karane vAle samAna zIla-sAthiyoM ke prati premabhAva rakhanA vAtsalya hai| AcArya samantabhadra ke anusAra 'svamiyoM evaM gaNiyoM ke prati niSkapaTa bhAva se prIti rakhanA aura unakI yathocita sevA-zuzruSA karanA vAtsalya hai| vAtsalya meM mAtra samarpaNa aura prapatti kA bhAva hotA hai| vAtsalya dharmazAsana ke prati anurAga hai| vAtsalya kA pratIka gAya aura govatsa (bachar3A) kA prema hai| jisa prakAra gAya binA kisI pratiphala kI apekSA ke govatsa ko saMkaTa meM dekhakara apane prANoM ko bhI jokhima meM DAla detI hai ThIka isI prakAra samyagdRSTi sAdhaka kA bhI yaha kartavya hai ki vaha dhArmikajanoM ke sahayoga aura sahakAra ke lie kucha bhI uThA nahIM rkhe| vAtsalya saMgha dharma yA sAmAjika bhAvanA kA kendrita tattva hai| 8. prabhAvanA-sAdhanA ke kSetra meM sva-para-kalyANa kI bhAvanA hotI hai| jaise puSpa apane suvAsa se svayaM bhI suvAsita hotA hai aura dUsaroM ko bhI suvAsita karatA hai vaise hI sAdhaka sadAcaraNa aura jJAna kI saurabha se svayaM bhI surabhita hotA hai, sAtha hI jagat ko bhI surabhita karatA hai / sAdhanA, sadAcaraNa aura jJAna kI surabhi dvArA jagata ke anya prANiyoM ko dharmamArga meM AkarSita karanA, yahI prabhAvanA hai| 66 ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra 16 68 puruSArtha0 27 70 puruSArtha0 30
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________________ || zrI jaina divAkara-mmRti-grantha / cintana ke vividha bindu : 544 : prabhAvanA ke ATha prakAra mAne gaye haiM 1. pravacana, 2. dharma, 3. vAda, 4. naimittika 5. tapa, 6. vidyA, 7. prasiddha vrata grahaNa karanA aura 8. kavitvazakti / samyagdarzana kI sAdhanA ke 6 sthAna jisa prakAra bauddhadarzana meM duHkha hai. duHkha kA kAraNa hai, duHkha se nivRtti ho sakatI hai, aura duHkha nivRtti kA mArga hai, ina cAra AryasatyoM kI svIkRti samyagdRSTitva hai usI prakAra jaina sAdhanA ke anusAra nimna SaTsthAnakoM" (chaH bAtoM) kI svIkRti samyagdRSTitva hai 1. AtmA hai 2. AtmA nitya hai 3. AtmA apane karmoM kA kartA hai 4. AtmA kRtakarmoM ke phala kA bhoktA hai 5. AtmA mukti prApta kara sakatA hai 6. mukti kA upAya yA mArga hai / jaina tattva vicAraNA ke anusAra uparokta SaTsthAnakoM para dRr3ha pratIti samyagdarzana kI sAdhanA kA Avazyaka aMga hai / dRSTikoNa kI vizuddhatA evaM sadAcaraNa donoM hI ina para nirbhara haiN| yaha SaTsthAnaka jaina naitikatA ke kendra bindu haiN| bauddha-varzana meM samyak-darzana kA svarUpa jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM dekhA bauddha paramparA meM jaina-paramparA ke samyakdarzana ke sthAna para samyaka samAdhi, zraddhA yA citta kA vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| buddha ne apane vividha sAdhanA mArga meM kahIM zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA, kahIM zIla, citta aura prajJA aura kahIM zIla, zraddhA aura prajJA kA vivecana kiyA hai / isa AdhAra para hama dekhate haiM ki bauddha-paramparA meM samAdhi, citta aura zraddhA kA prayoga sAmAnyatayA eka hI artha meM huA hai| vastutaH zraddhA citta-vikalpa kI zUnyatA kI ora hI le jAtI hai| zraddhA ke utpanna ho jAne para vikalpa samApta ho jAte haiN| usI prakAra samAdhi kI avasthA meM bhI citta-vikalpoM kI zUnyatA hotI hai, ataH donoM ko eka hI mAnA jA sakatA hai| zraddhA aura samAdhi donoM hI citta kI avasthAe~ haiM ataH unake sthAna para citta kA prayoga bhI kiyA gayA hai| kyoMki citta kI ekAgratA hI samAdhi hai aura citta kI bhAvapUrNa avasthA hI zraddhA hai| ataH citta, samAdhi aura zraddhA eka hI artha kI abhivyakti karate haiN| yadyapi apekSAbheda se inake arthoM meM bhinnatA bhI rahI haI hai| zraddhA buddha, saMgha aura dharma ke prati ananya niSThA hai to samAdhi citta kI zAMta avasthA hai| bauddha paramparA meM samyakdarzana kA artha sAmya bahuta kucha samyakdRSTi se hai| jisa prakAra jaina-darzana meM samyakadarzana tattvazraddhA hai usI prakAra bauddhadarzana meM samyakadRSTi cAra AryasatyoM ke 71 AtmA che, te nitya cha, che kartA nijakarma / che bhoktA balI mokSa che, mokSa upAya sudharma // -Atmasiddhi zAstra (rAjacandabhAI)
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________________ :545: mithyAtva aura samyaktva : eka tulanAtmaka prati zraddhA hai| jisa prakAra jaina-darzana meM samyakadarzana kA artha deva, guru aura dharma ke prati niSThA mAnA gayA hai usI prakAra bauddha-darzana meM zraddhA kA artha buddha, saMgha aura dharma ke prati niSThA hai| jisa prakAra jaina-darzana meM deva ke rUpa meM arihaMta ko sAdhanA Adarza ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai usI prakAra bauddha-paramparA meM sAdhanA Adarza ke rUpa meM buddha aura buddhatva ko svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| sAdhanA-mArga ke rUpa meM donoM hI dharma ke prati niSThA ko Avazyaka batAte haiM / jahA~ taka sAdhanA ke patha-pradarzaka kA prazna hai jaina-paramparA meM patha-pradarzaka ke rUpa meM guru ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai jabaki bauddha-paramparA usake sthAna para saMgha ko svIkAra karatI hai| jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM nirdeza kiyA, jaina-darzana meM samyakadarzana ke dRSTikoNaparaka aura zraddhAparaka aise do artha svIkRta rahe haiN| bauddha-paramparA meM zraddhA aura samyakdRSTi do bhinna-bhinna tathya mAne gaye haiN| donoM samaveta rUpa se jaina-darzana ke samyakadarzana zabda ke artha kI avadhAraNA ko bauddha-darzana meM spaSTa kara dete haiM / bauddha-paramparA meM samyakadRSTi kA artha duHkha, duHkha ke kAraNa, duHkha nivRtti kA mArga aura duHkha vimukti ina cAra AryasatyoM kI svIkRti rahA hai| jisa prakAra jaina-darzana meM vaha jIvAdi nava tattvoM kA zraddhAn hai usI prakAra bauddha-darzana meM vaha cAra AryasatyoM kA zraddhAna hai| yadi hama samyakadarzana ko tattvadRSTi yA tattvazraddhAna se bhinna zraddhAparaka artha meM ginate haiM to bauddha paramparA meM usakI tulanA zraddhA se kI jA sakatI hai| bauddha paramparA meM zraddhA pA~ca indriyoM meM prathama indriya, pA~ca baloM meM antima bala aura srotApanna avasthA ke cAra aMgoM meM prathama aMga mAnI gaI hai / bauddha paramparA meM zraddhA kA artha citta kI prasAdamayI avasthA mAnA gayA hai / zraddhA jaba citta meM utpanna hotI hai to vaha citta ko prIti aura prAmodya se bhara detI hai aura cittamaloM ko naSTa kara detI hai| yahA~ hameM yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki bauddha paramparA meM zraddhA andhavizvAsa nahIM varan eka buddhisammata anubhava hai| yaha vizvAsa karanA nahIM varan sAkSAtkAra ke pazcAt utpanna huI tattvaniSThA hai| buddha eka ora yaha mAnate haiM ki dharma kA grahaNa svayaM ke dvArA jAnakara hI karanA cAhie / samagra kalAmAsutta meM unhoMne ise savistAra spaSTa kiyA hai| dUsarI ora ve yaha bhI Avazyaka samajhate haiM ki pratyeka vyakti buddhadharma aura saMgha ke prati niSThAvAna rhe| buddha zraddhA ko prajJA se samanvita karake calate haiN| majjhimanikAya meM buddha yaha spaSTa kara dete haiM ki samIkSA ke dvArA hI ucita pratIta hone para dharma kA grahaNa karanA caahie| 2 viveka aura samIkSA yaha sadaiva hI buddha ko svIkRta rahe haiM / buddha bhikSuoM ko sAvadhAna karate hue kahate the ki bhikSuo, kyA tuma zAstA ke gaura se to hA~ nahIM kaha rahe ho ? bhikSumo, jo tumhArA apanA dekhA huA, apanA anubhava kiyA huA hai kyA usI ko tuma kaha rahe ho| isa prakAra buddha zraddhA ko prajJA se samanvita kara dete haiN| sAmAnyatayA bauddha-darzana meM zraddhA ko prathama aura prajJA ko antima sthAna diyA gayA hai / sAdhanAmArga kI dRSTi se zraddhA pahale AtI hai aura prajJA usake pazcAt utpanna hotI hai| zraddhA ke kAraNa hI dharma kA zravaNa, grahaNa, parIkSaNa aura vIryArambha hotA hai / naitika jIvana ke lie zraddhA kaise Avazyaka hotI hai isakA sundara citraNa bauddha-paramparA ke saundarananda nAmaka grantha meM kiyA gayA hai / usameM buddha nanda ke prati kahate haiM ki pRthvI ke bhItara jala hai yaha zraddhA jaba manuSya ko hotI hai taba prayojana hone para pRthvI ko prayatnapUrvaka khodatA hai| bhUmi se anna kI utpatti hotI hai, yadi yaha 72 majjhimanikAya 1157 73 majjhimanikAya 114 / 8
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________________ zrI jaina divAkara smRti-grantha / cintana ke vividha bindu : 546 : zraddhA kRSaka meM na ho to vaha bhUmi meM bIja hI nahIM bobegA / dharma kI utpatti meM zraddhA uttama kAraNa mAnI gaI hai / jaba taka manuSya tattva ko dekha yA suna nahIM letA taba taka usakI zraddhA sthira nahIM hotii| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM prathama avasthA meM zraddhA eka parikalpanA ke rUpa meM grahaNa hotI hai aura vahI anta meM tattvasAkSAtkAra bana jAtI hai| buddha ne zraddhA aura prajJA athavA dUsare zabdoM meM jIvana ke bauddhika aura bhAvAtmaka pakSoM meM eka samanvaya kiyA hai| yaha eka aisA samanvaya hai jisameM na to zraddhA andhazraddhA banatI hai aura na prajJA kevala bauddhika yA tatmika jJAna bana kara raha jAtI hai| jisa prakAra jaina-darzana meM samyakadarzana ke zaMkAzIlatA, AkAMkSA, vicikitsA Adi doSa mAne gae haiM usI prakAra bauddha paramparA meM bhI pAMca nIvaraNa mAne gaye haiN| jo isa prakAra 1. kAmacchanda (kAmabhogoM kI cAha) 2. avyApAda (avihiMsA) 3. styAnagRddha (mAnasika aura caitasika Alasya) 4. auddhatya-kIkRtya (citta kI caMcalatA), aura 5. vicikitsA (shNkaa)| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se agara hama dekheM to bauddha-paramparA kA kAmacchanda jaina-paramparA ke kAMkSA nAmaka aticAra ke samAna haiN| isI prakAra vicikitsA ko bhI donoM hI darzanoM meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / jaina-paramparA meM saMzaya aura vicikitsA donoM alaga-alaga mAne gae haiM lekina bauddha paramparA donoM kA antarbhAva eka meM hI kara detI hai / isa prakAra kucha sAmAnya matabhedoM ko chor3a kara jaina aura bauddha dRSTikoNa eka-dUsare ke nikaTa hI Ate haiN| gItA meM zraddhA kA svarUpa evaM vargIkaraNa jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM nirdeza kiyA ki gItA meM samyakadarzana ke sthAna para zraddhA kA pratyaya grAhya hai| jaina-paramparA meM sAmAnyatayA samyakdarzana dRSTiparaka artha meM svIkAra huA hai aura adhika se adhika usameM yadi zraddhA kA tattva samAhita hai to vaha tattvazraddhA hI hai| lekina gItA meM zraddhA zabda kA artha pramukha rUpa se Izvara ke prati ananya niSThA hI mAnA gayA hai / ataH gItA meM zraddhA ke svarUpa para vicAra karate samaya hameM yaha dhyAna meM rakhanA cAhie ki jaina-darzana meM zraddhA kA jo artha hai vaha gItA meM nahIM hai| yadyapi gItA mI yaha svIkAra karatI hai ki naitika jIvana ke lie saMzayarahita honA Avazyaka hai| zraddhArahita yajJa, tapa, dAna Adi sabhI naitika karma nirarthaka hI mAne gaye haiN|75 gotA meM zraddhA tIna prakAra kI mAnI gaI hai-1. sAtvika, 2. rAjasa aura 3. tAmasa / sAtvika zraddhA satoguNa se utpanna hokara devatAoM ke prati hotI hai| rAjasa zraddhA yakSa aura rAkSasoM ke prati hotI hai| isameM rajoguNa kI pradhAnatA hotI hai / tAmasa zraddhA bhUta-preta Adi ke prati hotI hai| 75 gItA 17415 74 visuddhimagga, pR0 51 (bhAga-1) 76 gItA 17 / 2-4
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________________ : 547 : mithyAtva aura samyaktva : eka tulanAtmaka vivezrI jaina divAkara-smRti-grantha jisa prakAra jaina-darzana meM zaMkA yA sandeha ko samyakadarzana kA doSa mAnA gayA hai usI prakAra gItA meM bhI saMzayAtmakatA ko doSa mAnA gayA hai| jisa prakAra jaina-darzana meM phalAkAMkSA bhI samyakadarzana kA aticAra (doSa) mAnI gaI hai usI prakAra gItA meM bhI phalAkAMkSA ko naitika jIvana kA doSa hI mAnA gayA hai / gItA ke anusAra jo phalAkAMkSA se yukta hokara zraddhA rakhatA hai athavA bhakti karatA hai vaha sAdhaka nimna zreNI kA hI hai| phalAkAMkSAyukta zraddhA vyakti ko AdhyAtmika pragati kI dRSTi se Age nahIM le jAtI hai / gItA meM zrIkRSNa kahate haiM ki jo loga vivekajJAna se rahita hokara tathA bhogoM kI prApti viSayaka kAmanAoM se yukta ho mujha paramAtmA ko chor3a anyAnya devatAoM kI zaraNa grahaNa karate haiM, maiM una logoM kI zraddhA unameM sthira kara detA hU~ aura usa zraddhA se yukta hokara ve una devatAoM kI ArAdhanA ke dvArA apanI kAmanAoM kI pUrti karate haiM lekina una alpabuddhi logoM kA vaha phala nAzavAna hotA hai| devatAoM kA pUjana karane vAle devatAoM ko prApta hote haiM lekina mujha paramAtmA kI bhakti karane vAlA mujhe hI prApta hotA hai / gItA meM zraddhA yA bhakti apane AdhAroM kI dRSTi se cAra prakAra kI mAnI gaI hai 1. jJAna prApta karane ke pazcAt hone vAlI zraddhA yA bhakti / paramAtmA kA sAkSAtkAra kara lene ke pazcAt unake prati jo niSThA hotI hai vaha eka jJAnI kI niSThA mAnI gaI hai| 2. jijJAsA kI dRSTi se paramAtmA para zraddhA rkhnaa| yaha zraddhA yA bhakti kA dUsarA rUpa hai / isameM yadyapi zraddhA to hotI hai lekina vaha pUrNatayA saMzayarahita nahIM hotI jabaki prathama sthiti meM hone vAlI zraddhA pUrNatayA saMzayarahita hotI hai / saMzayarahita zraddhA to sAkSAtkAra ke pazcAt hI sambhava hai / jijJAsA kI avasthA meM saMzaya banA hI rahatA hai ataH zraddhA kA yaha stara prathama kI apekSA nimna hI mAnA gayA hai| 3. tIsare stara kI zraddhA Arta vyakti kI hotI hai| kaThinAI meM phaMsA huA vyakti jaba svayaM apane ko usase ubArane meM asamartha pAtA hai aura isI dainya bhAva se kisI uddhAraka ke prati apanI niSThA ko sthita karatA hai to usakI yaha zraddhA yA bhakti eka duHkhI yA Arta vyakti kI bhakti hI hotI hai| zraddhA yA bhakti kA yaha stara pUrvokta donoM staroM se nimna hotA hai| 4. zraddhA yA bhakti kA cauthA stara vaha hai jisameM zraddhA kA udaya svArtha ke vazIbhata hokara hotA hai / yahA~ zraddhA kucha pAne ke lie kI jAtI hai, yaha phalAkAMkSA kI pUrti ke lie kI jAne vAlI zraddhA atyanta nimna stara kI mAnI gaI hai / vastutaH ise zraddhA kevala upacAra se hI kahA jAtA hai / apanI mUla bhAvanAoM meM to yaha eka vyApAra athavA Izvara ko Thagane kA eka prayatna hai| aisI zraddhA yA bhakti naitika pragati meM kisI bhI artha meM sahAyaka nahIM ho sakatI hai| naitika dRSTi se kevala jJAna ke dvArA athavA jijJAsA ke lie kI gaI zraddhA kA hI koI artha aura mUlya ho sakatA hai / tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karate samaya hameM yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhanI cAhie ki gItA meM 78 gItA 7 / 21-23 77 gItA 4 / 40 76 gItA 716
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________________ zrI jaina divAkara-smRti-grantha || cintana ke vividha bindu : 548 : svayaM zrIkRSNa ke dvArA aneka bAra yaha AzvAsana diyA gayA hai ki jo mere prati zraddhA rakhegA vaha bandhanoM se chUTa kara anta meM mujhe hI prApta ho jaavegaa| gItA meM bhakta ke yogakSema kI jimmedArI svayaM zrIkRSNa hI vahana karate haiM jabaki jaina aura bauddha darzanoM meM aise AzvAsanoM kA abhAva hai| gItA meM vaiyaktika Izvara ke prati jisa niSThA kA udbodhana hai vaha sAmAnyatayA jaina aura bauddha paramparAoM meM anupalabdha hI hai| upasaMhAra samyakdarzana athavA zraddhA kA jIvana meM kyA mUlya hai, isa para bhI vicAra apekSita hai / yadi hama samyakdarzana ko dRSTiparaka artha meM svIkAra karate haiM, jaisA ki sAmAnyatayA jaina aura bauddha vicAraNAoM meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, to usakA hamAre jIvana meM eka mahatvapUrNa sthAna siddha hotA hai| samyakdarzana jIvana ke prati eka dRSTikoNa hai, vaha anAsakta jIvana jIne kI kalA kA kendrIya tattva hai / hamAre caritra yA vyaktitva kA nirmANa isI jIvana dRSTi ke AdhAra para hotA hai| gItA meM isI tathya ko yaha kahakara batAyA hai ki yaha puruSa zraddhAmaya hai aura jaisI zraddhA hotI hai vaisA hI vaha bana jAtA hai / hama apane ko jaisA banAnA cAhate haiM, apanI jIvana dRSTi kA nirmANa bhI usI ke anurUpa kreN| kyoMki vyakti kI jaisI dRSTi hotI hai vaisA hI usakA jIvana jIne kA DhaMga hotA hai aura jaisA usakA jIvana jIne kA DhaMga hotA hai vaisA hI usakA caritra bana jAtA hai| aura jaisA usakA caritra hotA hai vaisA hI usake vyaktitva kA ubhAra hotA hai| ataH eka yathArtha dRSTikoNa kA nirmANa jIvana kI sabase prAthamika AvazyakatA hai| ----------------------0--0--0--0--0--0--0--0-0-0--0--0--0--0--0-2 1 0 3. svarga kI duniyA ko pairisa samajha liijie| jaise koI manuSya hai acchI kamAI karake pairisa meM jA baiThe aura vahA~ ke rAga-raMga meM sArI sampatti luTAkara vApasa apane gA~va A jAya, isI prakAra meM yahA~ kamAI karake jIva svarga meM jAtA hai aura vahA~ use khatma karake vApisa lauTa AtA hai| vahA~ sAmAyika-pauSadha Adi kucha bhI kamAI nahIM hai , ataH jo kucha zubha sAmagrI kA yoga milA hai vaha manuSya janma meM hI milA hai| -bhAga 18 pRSTha 114 8-------------------------------------------------- r-o---------------- 80 gItA 1865-66 '