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________________ jaina darzana meM mAnavavAdI ciMtana DaoN. vijayakumAra pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI....) darzana-jagat meM do paraMparAe~ prAcInakAla se pravAhita hotI spaSTa hotA hai ki mAnava kI pratiSThA tathA adhikAroM ke lie A rahI haiM-prakRtivAdI aura nirpekssvaadii| prakRtivAda jo prakRti sammAna, vyakti ke rUpa meM usake mUlya, logoM kA maMgalako hI ekamAtra aMtima satya tathA svayaMbhU mAnatA hai, vahIM kalyANa unake cahuMmukhI vikAsa, manuSya ke lie sAmAjika nirapekSavAda, prakRti ko eka aMtima satya kI bAhya abhivyakti jIvana kI paristhitiyoM ke nirmANa ke lie ciMtA ko abhivyakta mAnatA hai| kintu mAnavavAda, jo mAnava kI ho hI ekamAtra mahattva karane vAle vicAroM kI samagratA hI mAnavavAda kA lakSya hai| detA hai, ko prakRtivAda aura nirapekSavAda kA virodhI mAnA jAtA vastutaH mAnava-svataMtratA hI mAnavavAda hai| jaisA ki je. maikyUrI hai| kyoMki mAnavavAda kA mukhya uddezya mAnava anubhUti kI ne kahA hai -- manuSya ke Upara kisI bhI uccatara sattA kA vyAkhyA karanA hai| yaha manuSya ko bauddhika jagata ke kendra meM astitva nahIM dekhA jAtA hai, isalie manuSya Avazyaka rUpa se rakhatA hai tathA vijJAna ko mAnava jIvana se saMbaMdhita karatA hai| apane mUlya kI sRSTi karatA hai, apanA mApadaNDa evaM lakSya eka prakRtivAdI kI dRSTi meM mAnava adhika se adhika eka banAtA hai, apane mokSa ke lie kAryakrama banAtA hai| manuSya kI prAkRtika vastu hai| usakA utanA hI mahattva ho sakatA hai jitanA apanI zakti evaM buddhi se pare kucha bhI nahIM hai, isalie apanI ki anya prAkRtika vastuoM kaa| isI prakAra eka nirapekSavAdI sahAyatA ke lie apane se bAhara nahIM dekha sakatA, isI rUpa meM ke anusAra mAnava bhI aMtima satya kI abhivyakti mAtra hai, use apane yA samAja ke bAhara kisI bhI nirNaya ke prati samarpaNa apane svarUpa tathA niyati kA nirmAtA nhiiN| ata: svAbhAvika hai karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| ata: mAnava-svataMtratA mAnavavAda ki mAnavavAda ina donoM siddhAntoM se bhinna hogaa| bAlDavina kI kA AdhAra hai, kyoMki Izvara yA Izvara ke astitva meM vizvAsa DikzanarI oNpha philaoNsaphI eNDa sAikolojI meM mAnavavAda karane para mAnava sukhI nahIM raha sktaa| itanA hI nahIM Izvara yA ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA hai -- yaha vicAra vizvAsa Izvara meM vizvAsa manuSya ke uttaradAyitva ko bhI samApta kara detA athavA karma saMbaMdhI vaha paddhati hai jo Izvara kA parityAga karake hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki manuSya hI apane mUlyoM kA nirdhAraNa manuSya tathA sAMsArika vastuoM para hI kendrita rahatI hai| pAzcAtya karatA hai| kaipalesTana ne apanI pustaka meM dArzanika korlisa lAmoNTa ke anusAra mAnavavAda samasta mAnava sarvaprathama astitva dekhA jAtA hai aura tabhI vaha apane ko jAti kA vizva-darzana hai jo vibhinna jAtiyoM aura saMskRtiyoM ke paribhASita karatA hai| vaha apanI svataMtra icchAoM dvArA svayaM ko vyaktiyoM aura unakI asaMkhya saMtAnoM ke dArzanika evaM naitika nirmita karatA hai| vaha sirpha usI ke lie uttaradAyI hotA hai mArgadarzana meM samartha ho sakatA hai| ainasAiklopIDiyA oNpha jisakA nirmANa vaha svayaM karatA hai| manuSya mUlyoM kA sRSTA bhI hyUminiTIja (Encyclopaedia of Humanities) meM likhA hai ki hai aura dRSTA bhI hai| nirapekSa mUlyoM kA koI astitva nahIM hai| mAnavajIvana kI samasyAoM ko mahattva pradAna karane kI pravRtti sArvabhauma aura Avazyaka naitika niyama kA bhI koI astitva mAnavavAda hai, vizva meM mAnava ko sarvottama sthAna dene kI pravRtti nahIM hai| manuSya apane mUlya kA cayana svayaM karatA hai| mAnavavAda hai'| isI meM Age kahA gayA hai ki yaha vaha vicAradhArA uparyakta mAnavavAdI dArzanika paraMparA meM jaina-darzana kA hai jo mAnavIya mUlyoM aura mAnavIya AdarzA kA prAdhAnya svIkAra bhI nAma AtA hai| saMparNa bhAratIya darzana meM eka jaina darzana hI hai, karatI hai, yaha vaha vicAradhArA hai jo mAnava prakRti ke usa pakSa jo pUrNa mAnava svataMtratA kI bAta karatA hai| yaha vaha darzana hai jo para bala detI hai jo prema, dayA, sahayoga aura pragati meM vyakta hotA mAnava kalyANa, mAnava kI karttavya-parAyaNatA, mAnava-samatA, hai na ki kaThoratA, svArtha yA AkramaNazIlatA pr| isase yaha mAnava kI mahattA, usakI cAritrika zuddhi, sarvamaMgala kI bhAvanA, "
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________________ - catIndrasUri smArakagrantha jaina darzana - ahiMsaka pravRtti, sudRr3ha evaM svaccha Arthika vyavasthA, AdhyAtmika, karmoM ke phala ko bhogatA huA tathA navIna karmoM kA baMdha karatA sAmAjika evaM naitika mUlya, vizvabaMdhutva kI bhAvanA tathA Izvara kA huA gatizIla rahatA hai| aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA balki karma mAnavIyakaraNa Adi mAnavavAdI ciMtanoM ko apane meM sameTe hue hai| siddhAnta ke aMtargata icchA-svAtaMtrya ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| vaha isa rUpa meM ki pUrvakRta karmoM kA phala kisI na kisI rUpa meM mAnava kI mahattA avazya bhoganA par3atA hai, kintu nae karmoM kA upArjana karane meM mAnava kI mahattA ko na kevala jainAgamoM meM balki vaidika vaha kisI sImA taka svataMtra hai| yaha satya hai ki kRtakarma kA granthoM evaM bauddha sAhitya meM bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| mahAbhArata bhoga kie binA jIva ko mukti nahIM mila sakatI, kintu yaha ke zAMtiparva meM kahA gayA hai-na mAnuSAta zreSThataraM hi kinycit| anivArya nahIM hai ki prANI amuka samaya meM amaka karma hI arthAt manuSya se zreSTha aura kucha nahIM hai| dhammapada meM kahA gayA upArjita kre| vaha bAhya paristhiti evaM apanI AMtarika zakti hai- kicce maNussa paTilAbho arthAt manuSya janma darlabha hai| ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue nae karmoM kA upArjana roka sakatA hai| ina gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ne bhI mAnava kI durlabhatA ko batAte hue bAtoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki karmavAda meM icchA-svAtaMtrya to hai kintu kahA hai- bar3e bhAga mAnusa tana paanaa| saca, sukarmoM ke sImita hai| kyoMki karmavAda ke anusAra prANI apanI zakti evaM pariNAmasvarUpa hI yaha mAnava tana prApta hotA hai| uttarAdhyayana / bAhya paristhitiyoM kI avahelanA karake koI kArya nahIM kara sUtra meM mAnava kI garimA ko batAte hue kahA gayA hai-jaba azubha sakatA, jisa prakAra vaha paristhitiyoM kA dAsa hai usI prakAra use karmoM kA vinAza hotA hai, taba AtmA zuddha, nirmala aura pavitra apane parAkrama kI sImA kA bhI dhyAna rakhanA par3atA hai| jaina hotI hai aura tabhI use mAnavajanma kI prApti hotI hai| kitanI vidvAn padmanAbha jainI ke anusAra -jainadharma manuSya ko pUrNa hI yoniyoM meM bhaTakane ke bAda yaha mAnava kA zarIra AkAra rUpa dhArmika svataMtratA dene meM hara anya dharma se bar3hakara hai| jo kucha ko prApta karatA hai| tabhI to mahAvIra ne kahA hai-- cirakAla taka karma hama karate haiM aura unake jo phala haiM unake bIca koI hastakSepa nahIM kara sktaa| eka bAra kara lie jAne para kRta karma idhara-udhara bhaTakane ke pazcAt bar3I kaThinAI se sAMsArika jIvoM ko manuSya kA janma prApta hotA hai. sahaja nahIM hai| daSkarma kA / hamAre prabhu bana jAte haiM aura unake phala bhogane hI par3ate haiN| merA svAtaMtrya jitanA bar3A hai utanA hI bar3A merA dAyitva bhI hai| maiM phala bar3A bhayaMkara hotA hai| ataeva he gautama! kSaNabhara ke lie svecchAnusAra cala sakatA hU~, kintu merA cunAva anyathA nahIM ho bhI pramAda mata kro| itanA hI nahIM jaina-ciMtana meM mAnava ko sakatA aura usake pariNAmoM se maiM baca nahIM sktaa| karma ke ananta jJAna, anantadarzana, anantavIrya aura ananta AnaMdavAlA AdhAra para vyakti devatva ko prApta karatA hai| arthAt mAnava mAnA gayA hai| pratyeka manuSya meM devatva prApta karane kI janmajAta svayaM apanA bhAgya vidhAtA hai| kSamatA hotI hai| pratyeka varNa evaM varga kA vyakti isa pUrNatA kI prApti kA adhikArI hai| jainakarmasiddhAnta kI hI bhA~ti mAnavavAda bhI icchAsvAtaMtrya ko mAnatA hai| icchA-svAtaMtvya kA yaha abhiprAya nahIM hai ki jo mAnavavAda aura karmavAda mana meM Aye, vahI kreN| aise icchA-svAtaMtrya ke lie na to karma ke viSaya meM jitanI vistata aura sakSama vyAkhyA jaina mAnavavAda meM koI sthAna hai aura na hI jaina-karmavAda meN| jisa darzana meM kI gaI hai, utanI zAyada hI kisI anya darzana meM kii| prakAra jaina-karmavAda yaha svIkAra karatA hai ki mAnava svayaM gaI ho| karmavAda kA eka sAmAnya niyama hai ki pUrva meM kie gae apanA bhAgya vidhAtA hai usI prakAra mAnavavAda bhI mAnatA hai ki karmoM ke phala ko bhoganA tathA nae karmoM kA upArjana karanA aura vyakti apane puruSArtha ke bala para binA kisI daivika zakti ke isI pUrvakRta karmoM ke bhoga aura navIna karmoM ke upArjana kI Izvaratva ko prApta kara sakatA hai| sAtha hI mAnavavAda karma ke aucitya aura anaucitya kA nirdhAraNa samAja para usake pariNAma paramparA meM prANI jIvana vyatIta karatA rahatA hai| kintu prazna uThatA hai ki karmavAda meM kahIM para vyakti ko apanI svataMtratA ke ke AdhAra para karatA hai| isI prakAra jaina-darzana vyavahAra dRSTi se karma-pariNAma ko aura nizcaya-dRSTi se karmapreraka ko aucitya upayoga kA bhI avasara prApta hotA hai yA mazIna kI bhA~ti pUrvakRta aura anaucitya ke nirNaya kA AdhAra mAnatA hai|
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________________ - yatIndrasUri smArakagrantha - jaina darzana mAnavavAda aura aparigrahavAda mAnavavAda aura anaikAntika dRSTi mAnavavAda Arthika samAnatA meM vizvAsa karatA hai| mAnavavAdI sAmAjika viSamatA kA eka pramukha kAraNa vaicArika bhinnatA dRSTikoNa meM Arthika kriyAe~ samasta mAnavIya ciMtana aura pragati bhI hai| anekAntavAda isa vaicArika bhinnatA ko dUra karatA hai| kI kendrabiMdu haiN| vastutaH mAnavavAda ke anusAra Arthika viSamatA aneka se tAtparya hai -- aneka dharma (lakSaNa), aneka sImAe~, hI sAmAjika viSamatA kA mUla kAraNa hai| isa Arthika viSamatA aneka apekSAe~, aneka dRSTiyA~ aadi| jo kisI eka dharma, eka ko dUra karane ke lie hI jaina-darzana ne aparigraha kA siddhAnta sImA, eka apekSA tathA eka dRSTi ko satya mAnatA hai aura anya diyA hai| parigraha, jise saMgrahavRtti bhI kahA jAtA hai, eka prakAra dRSTiyoM ko galata kahatA hai, vaha ekAntavAdI kahalAtA hai tathA kI sAmAjika hiMsA hai| yaha parigrahavRtti Asakti se utpanna hotI jo aneka dharmoM yA apekSAoM ko mAnyatA pradAna karatA hai, vaha hai| Asakti kA dUsarA nAma lobha hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA anekAntavAdI kahalAtA hai| 'anantadharmAtmakaM vastu' arthAt vastu gayA hai ki lobha samagra sadguNoM kA vinAzaka hai| tRSNA ke ke ananta dharma hote haiN| una ananta dharmoM meM se vyakti apane svarUpa ko batAte hue uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA gayA hai -- yadi icchita dharmoM kA samaya-samaya para kathana karatA hai| vastu ke una sone aura cA~dI ke kailAzaparvata ke samAna asaMkhya parvata bhI ananta dharmoM ke do prakAra hote haiM--guNa aura pryaay| jo dharma khar3e kara die jAe~ to bhI yaha duSpUrNa tRSNA zAMta nahIM ho sakatI, vastu ke svarUpa kA nirdhAraNa karate haiM arthAt jinake binA vastu kyoMki dhana cAhe kitanA bhI ho vaha sImita hI hai tRSNA ananta kA astitva kAyama nahIM raha sakatA, unheM guNa kahate haiM, jaise aura asIma hai, ata: sImita sAdhanoM se isa asIma tRSNA kI manuSya meM manuSyatva sonA meM sonaapn| manuSya meM yadi manuSyatva pUrti nahIM kI jA sktii13| ata: jaina -AcAradarzana ke anusAra na ho to vaha aura kucha ho sakatA hai manuSya nhiiN| isI prakAra yadi vyakti Asakti kI bhAvanA kA tyAga karake anAsakti ko sone meM sonApana na ho to vaha anya koI dravya ho sakatA hai jIvana meM utArane kA prayatna kre| kyoMki uttarAdhyayana meM spaSTa sonA nhiiN| guNa vastu meM sthAyI rUpa se rahatA hai, jabaki paryAya rUpa meM kahA gayA hai ki jo samavibhAga aura samavitaraNa nahIM badalate rahate haiN| isa prakAra jaina-darzana sthAyitva aura asthAyitva karatA usakI mukti saMbhava nahIM hai| aisA vyakti pApI hai| kA samanvaya karate hue kahatA hai ki vastu guNa kI dRSTi se dhruva hai, ataH vyakti ko utanA hI saMgraha karanA cAhie jitane kI sthAyI hai tathA paryAya kI dRSTi se asthAyI hai| bhagavatIsUtra15 meM usako AvazyakatA hai| AvazyakatA se tAtparya hai - jo jIvana kahA gayA hai- hama, jo asti hai use asti kahate haiM, jo nAsti ko banAe rakhe aura vyakti ke AdhyAtmika vikAsa ko kuNThita hai use nAsti kahate haiN| pratyeka padArtha hai bhI aura nahIM bhii| apane na kre| isa prakAra jaina darzana na kevala AvazyakatA kA parisImana nijasvarUpa se hai aura parasvarUpa se nahIM hai| apane putra kI karatA hai, balki yaha bhI batAtA hai ki hameM jIvana kI anivAryatAoM apekSA se pitA, pitA rUpa meM sat hai aura pararUpa kI apekSA se aura tRSNA ke aMtara ko jAnanA evaM samajhanA caahie| tRSNA pitA, pitA rUpa meM asat hai| yadi para putra kI apekSA se pitA hI anantatA hai to anivAryatA siimittaa| saMgraha aura zoSaNa kI hai to vaha sAre saMsAra kA pitA ho jAegA, jo asaMbhava hai| ise duSpravRttiyoM ke phalasvarUpa Arthika evaM varga -saMgharSa kA janma hotA aura bhI sarala bhASA meM hama isa prakAra kaha sakate haiM- gur3iyA hai| isa varga-saMgharSa ko dUra karane kA ekamAtra upAya hai- aparigraha caurAhe para khar3I hai| eka ora se choTA bAlaka AtA hai, vaha use kA siddhaant| sAdhaka ho yA gRhastha, use aparigraha ke mArga para mA~ kahatA hai| dUsarI ora se eka vRddha AtA hai, vaha use putrI calane ko jaina AcAra-darzana meM Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| kahatA hai| isI prakAra koI use tAI, koI mAmI to koI phUphI kahatA hai| sabhI eka hI vyakti ko vibhinna nAmoM se saMbodhita isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki mAnavavAda aura jaina-ciMtana karate haiM tathA paraspara saMgharSa karate haiM ki yaha mA~ hI hai, putrI hI hai, donoM hI mAnava mAtra kI samAnatA meM vizvAsa karate haiN| donoM ke patnI hI hai aadi| isa saMgharSa kA samAdhAna anekAntavAda karatA anusAra saMgraha aura vaiyaktika parigraha sAmAjika jIvana ke lie e hai| vaha kahatA hai ki yaha tumhAre lie mA~ hai, kyoMki tuma isake abhizApa hai, kyoMki pratyeka manuSya ko jIne kA samAna adhikAra hai| patra ho anya logoM ke lie yaha mA~ nahIM hai| vaddha se kahatA hai ki
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________________ catIndrasUri smArakagrantha jaina darzana yaha putrI bhI hai, ApakI apekSA se saba logoM kI apekSA se nahIM / isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki pratyeka vastu ke do pahalU hote haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki hama jo kucha bhI kahate haiM usakI sArthakatA evaM . satyatA eka vizeSa sandarbha meM tathA eka vizeSa dRSTikoNa se hI ho sakatI hai| kevala apanI hI bAta ko satya mAnakara usa para ar3e rahanA tathA dUsaroM kI bAta ko koI mahattva na denA eka mAnasika saMkIrNatA hai aura isa mAnasika saMkIrNatA ke lie mAnavavAda meM koI sthAna nahIM hai| mAnavavAda aura ahiMsAvAda ahiMsA kA sAmAnya artha hotA hai hiMsA na karanA / AcArAMgasUtra meM ahiMsA ko paribhASita karate hue kahA gayA haisaba prANI, saba bhUta, saba jIva aura tattvoM ko nahIM mAranA cAhie, na anya vyakti dvArA maravAnA cAhie, na balAt pakar3AnA cAhie, na paritApa denA cAhie, na una para prANahAra upadrava karanA caahie| yaha ahiMsA-dharma hI zuddha hai / sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA gayA hai-jJAnI hone kA sAra yahI hai ki kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA na kreN| ahiMsAmUlaka samatA hI dharma kA sAra hai| basa, itanI bAta dhyAna meM rakhanI caahie| kintu ahiMsA kI pUrNa paribhASA AvazyakasUtra meM prApta hotI hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki kisI bhI jIva kI tIna yoga aura tIna karaNa se hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhie, yahI ahiMsA hai" / mana, vacana aura karma tIna yoga kahalAte haiM tathA karanA, karavAnA aura anumodana karanA tIna karaNa kahalAte haiM / isa taraha nau prakAra se hiMsA nahIM karanA hI ahiMsA hai| ahiMsA ke do rUpa hote haiM - niSedhAtmaka aura vidheyaatmk| inheM nivRtti aura pravRtti bhI kahA jAtA hai| dayA, dAna Adi ahiMsA ke pravRtyAtmaka rUpa hai / yahA~ ahiMsA kI vistRta vyAkhyA na karake itanA kahanA Avazyaka hai ki jaina paraMparA meM hara gatizIla vastu, cAhe vaha jala, vAyu, graha, nakSatra hI kyoM na ho yA patthara, vRkSa jaisI gatizUnya vastu hI kyoM na ho, usameM bhI jIvana zakti ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ para zaMkA upasthita ho sakatI hai ki jaina darzana pUrNa jIva- dayAvAda yA pUrNa ahiMsA meM vizvAsa karatA hai, phira vaha mAnavavAdI kaise ho sakatA hai? yaha saca hai ki jaina darzana pUrNa ahiMsA meM vizvAsa karatA hai aura isa dRSTi se vaha yahA~ mAnavatAvAdI (Humanitarianistic) ho jAtA hai, lekina mAtra isa AdhAra para jaina-darzana kA mUlyAMkana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, Teka satt6 4 kyoMki kaI sandarbhoM meM to vaha mAnavavAda se bhI Age hai| yadyapi jaina dharma ahiMsA ke niSedhAtmaka rUpa para hI vizeSa bala detA hai / pUrvakAla meM jainAcAryoM ne ahiMsA ke niSedhAtmaka pakSa ko hI prastuta kiyA hai aura Aja bhI zvetAmbara terApaMthI jaina samAja ahiMsA ke niSedhAtmaka pakSa ko hI mAnatA hai| ahiMsA ke vidheyAtmaka pakSa dayA, dAna Adi meM usakA vizvAsa nahIM hai| jo jaina paraMparA ke mAnavavAdI dRSTikoNa ko prastuta karatA hai| mAnavavAda aura jaina-darzana kI vizvadRSTi lAmoNTa eka prajAtAMtrika mAnavavAdI haiN| unake anusAra mAnavavAda mAnavajAti kA vizvadarzana hai| yahI eka darzana hai jo bIsavIM zatAbdI kI AtmA aura usakI AvazyakatAoM ke lie upayogI hai| yahI vaha darzana hai jo mAnavajIvana aura usake astitva kA sAmAnyIkaraNa hai jo prAyaH sabhI dezoM aura jAtiyoM ko samaSTipUrNa dRSTikoNa pradAna kara sakatA hai| jaina-dharmadarzana bhI lokamaMgala kI dhAraNA ko lekara hI Age bar3hatA hai| ahiMsA, anekAnta aura aparigraha kA siddhAnta usakI vizvadRSTi hI to hai| ahiMsA kI mahattA para prakAza DAlate hue praznavyAkaraNasUtra meM kahA gayA haiN| yaha ahiMsA bhayabhItoM ke lie zaraNa ke samAna hai, pakSiyoM ke lie AkAzagamana ke samAna pyAsoM ko pAnI ke samAna, bhUkhoM ko bhojana ke samAna, samudra meM jahAja ke samAna, rogiyoM ke lie auSadhi ke samAna aura aTavI meM sahAyaka ke samAna hai 99 / tIrthaMkara - namaskAra sUtra meM lokanAtha, , loka-hitakara, lokapradIpa, abhayadAtA Adi vizeSaNa tIrthaMkara ke lie prayukta hue haiM, jo jaina darzana kI vizvadRSTi ko prastuta karate haiM / vizva -kalyANa kI bhAvanA ke anukUla pravRtti karane ke kAraNa hI to tIrthaMkara ko sarvocca sthAna diyA gayA hai| jainAcAryoM ne sadA hI Atmahita kI apekSA loka kalyANa ko mahattva diyA yaha bhAvanA AcArya samantabhadra kI isa ukti se spaSTa hotI hai| he bhagavan, ApakI yaha saMghavyavasthA sabhI prANiyoM ke duHkhoM kA aMta karane vAlI aura sabakA kalyANa karane vAlI hai" / saMghadharma, rASTradharma, nagaradharma, grAmadharma, kuladharma Adi kA sthAnAMgasUtra 22 meM ullekha honA yaha pramANita karatA hai ki jaina-dharmadarzana, lokahita tathA lokalyANa kI bhAvanA se otaprota hai| GambanSa
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________________ - catIndrasUri smArakagrantha - jaina darzana mAnavavAda aura jaina-darzana kA samatAvAdI dRSTikoNa mAnavavAda aura jaina-IzvaravAda mAnavavAda aura jaina-darzana donoM hI samatAvAda meM vizvAsa IzvaravAdiyoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai hai ki Izvara isa jagat kA karate haiN| donoM kI mAnyatA hai ki samAja meM vibhinna varga aura sRSTikartA, pAlanakartA tathA saMhArakartA hai| jIvoM ko nAnA yoniyoM vicAradhArA ke loga rahate haiM, lekina isakA matalaba yaha to nahIM meM utpanna karanA, unakI rakSA karanA aura apane-apane karma ke hai ki mAnava, mAnava se alaga hai| donoM hI manuSya haiM, donoM meM anusAra phala denA Izvara kA kArya hai| vahI jIvoM kA bhAgyamanuSyatA kA vAsa hai| vyakti na to janma se aura na hI jAti se vidhAtA hai| vaha apane bhakta kI stuti yA pUjA se prasanna hokara U~cA-nIcA hai,balki saba karma ke AdhAra para hote haiN| karma ke usake sAre aparAdhoM ko kSamA kara detA hai| dvArA hI vaha ucca pada ko prApta karatA hai aura karma ke dvArA hI jaina-darzana meM uparyakta Izvara kI sattA ko svIkAra nahIM patana kI ora agrasara hotA hai| jaina-paraMparA meM isa taraha ke kaI kiyA gayA hai| jaina-darzana kA Izvara na to kisI kI stuti se udAharaNa milate haiN| jaina muni harikezabala janma se cANDAla kula prasanna hotA hai aura na nArAja hI hotA hai| kyoMki vaha vItarAgI ke the, jisake kAraNa unheM cAroM ora se bhartsanA aura ghRNA ke hai| jaina-darzana na to Izvara ke saSTikartatva meM vizvAsa karatA hai aura sivA kucha na milaa| ve jahA~ bhI gae, vahA~ unheM apamAna rUpa mAna rUpa na hI usake anAdi siddhatva meN| aura na hI usake anusAra Izvara se viSa kA pyAlA hI milA, lekina jaba unhoMne jIvana kI pavitratA eka hai| jaina-mAnyatA ke anusAra prANI svayaM apane karmoM dvArA kA sahI mArga apanA liyA to vahI vandanIya aura pUjanIya ho sukha-duHkha ko prApta karatA hai tathA binA kisI daivI-kRpA ke ge| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bar3e hI spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA hai-- svayaM apane prayatna se apanA vikAsa karake Izvara bana sakatA kammuNA baMmaNo hoi, kammuNA hoi khttio| hai| Izvara pada kisI vyakti vizeSa ke lie surakSita nahIM hai, vaisso kammuNA hoi, suddo havai kmmnnaa||23 balki sabhI AtmAe~ samAna haiM aura saba apanA vikAsa karake arthAta karma se hI vyakti bAhmaNa hotA hai| karma se hI sarvajJatA aura Izvaratva ko prApta kara sakate haiN| pratyeka AtmA meM ksstriy| karma se hI vaizya aura zudra hotA hai| ataH zreSThatA aura anantajJAna, anantadarzana, anantasukha aura ananta vIrya hotA hai| pavitratA kA AdhAra jAti nahIM balki manaSya kA apanA karma ataH guNa kI dRSTi se AtmA arthAt sAdhAraNa jIva aura Izvara meM hai| muni cauthamalajI ke matAnusAra eka vyakti duHzIla ajJAnI koI aMtara nahIM hotaa| aMtara hai to guNoM kI prasuptAvasthA kA aura aura prakRti se tamoguNI hone para bhI amuka varNa vAle ke ghara meM / unakI vikAsAvasthA kaa| jaina-mAnyatA ke anusAra Izvara ke janma lene ke kAraNa samAja meM pajya AdaraNIya pratiSThita aura svarUpa ko nirdhArita-karate hue zrI jJAnamunijI ne likhA hai --- yaha U~cA samajhA jAe, aura dUsarA vyakti suzIla, jJAnI aura satoguNI satya hai ki jaina-darzana vaidika darzana kI taraha Izvara ko jagat kA hone para bhI kevala amuka kula meM janma lene ke kAraNa nIca aura kartA, bhAgyavidhAtA, karmaphaladAtA tathA saMsAra kA sarvesarvA nahIM tiraskaraNIya mAnA jAe, yaha vyavasthA samAjaghAtaka hai| jaina kI aura mAnatA hai| jaina-darzana kA vizvAsa hai ki Izvara satyasvarUpa hai, jJAna vicAraNA meM isa viSamatA ke lie koI sthAna nahIM hai| vastataH svarUpa hai, AnandasvarUpa hai, vItarAga haiM, sarvajJa hai, sarvadarzI hai| sabhI vyakti janmataH samAna haiN| unameM dhanI athavA nirdhana ucca usakA dRzya yA adRzya jagat ke viSaya meM pratyakSa yA parokSa koI athavA nimna kA koI bheda nahIM hai| AcArAMgasUtra meM spaSTa kahA hastakSepa nahIM hai| vaha jagat kA nirmAtA nahIM hai, bhAgyavidhAtA nahIM hai, gayA hai ki sAdhanAmArga kA upadeza sabhI ke lie samAna hai| jo karmaphala kA pradAtA nahIM hai tathA vaha avatAra lekara manuSya yA upadeza eka dhanavAna yA uccakula ke vyakti ke lie hai. vahI kisI anya pazu Adi ke rUpa meM saMsAra meM AtA bhI nahIM hai| upadeza garIba yA nimna kulotpanna vyakti ke lie hai| isa prakAra isa prakAra jaina-darzana aura mAnavavAda (Humanism) donoM jaina-dharma-darzana ne jAtigata AdhAra para U~canIca kA bheda asvIkAra hI Izvara kI sattA ko svIkAra na karake mAnava astitva aura kara mAnava mAtra kI samAnatA para bala diyaa| usake puruSArtha meM vizvAsa karate haiN| donoM hI mAnate haiM ki mAnava meM Izvaratva ko prApta karane kI kSamatA nihita hai|
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________________ 1/4/1 - yatIndrasUri smArakagranya - jaina darzana uparyukta tathyoM ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai jaina - 15. no khalu vayaM devANuppiyA asthibhAvaM natthi tti vayAmo, darzana eka mAnavavAdI darzana hai| jisa mAnavavAdI darzana kA natthibhAvaM atthi tti vayAmo, amhe NaM devaannuppiyaa| savvaM sUtrapAta pAzcAtya jagat meM proTAgorasa ne I.pU. pA~cavIM-chaThI zatI atthibhAvaM atthi tti vayAmo, savvaM natthibhAvaM natthi tti meM maina ija di mIjara oNpha oNla thiMgsa (Man is the measure of vyaamo|| bhagavatIsUtra, 7/10/1 all things) kahakara kiyA thaa| vaha mAnavavAdI darzana hamArI bhAratIya 16. savve pANA, savve bhUyA, savve jIvA, savve sattA, paraMparA ke jaina-darzana meM usake pUrva se vidyamAna thA, jo hamAre na haMtavvA, na ajjAveyavvA, na paridhitavvA, lie gaurava kA viSaya hai| na pariyAveyavvA, na uddeveyavvA, esa dhamme suddhe| AcAraMgasUtra sandarbha 17. evaM khalu nANiraNo sAraM jaM na hiMsai kiNcnn| Humanism in Philosophy is opposed to Naturalism and Abosolutism, it disignates the philos phic attitude which ahiMsA samaya ceva etAvaMtaM viyANiyA ||suutrkRtaaNg 1/ regards the, interpratation of human experience of the 1/4/10 primary concern of philosophizing, and asserts the adequacy othuman knowledge for the purpose. Ency- 18. karemi bhaMte sAmAiyaM savvaM sAvajjaM jogaM paccakkhAmi clopaedia of Ethics & Religion, Vol-VI, P. 830 jAvajjIvAe tivihaM tiviheNaM, maNeNaM vAyAe, kAeNaM na The Philosophy of Humanism, P.8 karemi, na kAravemi, karaMtaMpi annaM na samaNu jaannaami| tassa Encyclopaedia of Humanities (Philosophy) P. 97 Ibid. bhNte| paDikkamAmi, niMdAmi gariThAmi appANaM vosiraami| God and Secularity, P. 103-104 AvazyakasUtra 1/1 6. Philosopher's and Philosophies, P. 165-166 19. esA sA bhagavaI ahiMsA jA sA bhIyANa viva saraNaM, pakkhINaM 7. zAMtiparva (mahAbhArata), 299/20 viva gamaNaM, tisiyANaM viva salilaM.khahiyANaM viva asaNaM, 8. kicce maNussa pttilaabho| dhammapada, 182 samuddamajjhe va poyavahaNaM, cauppayANaM va AsamapayaM, 9. kammANaM tu pahANAe, ANupuvvI kyaaiu| duhaTThiyANaM va osahibalaM aivImajjhe va satthagamaNaM eto jIvo sohimaNuppattA AyayaMti mnnussyN|| uttarAdhyana, 37 visiTThatariyA ahiMsA jA saa.| prazravyAkaraNa 2/1/108 10. dullahe khalu mANuse bhave, cirakAleNa vi svvpaanninnN| namotthuNaM arahaMtANaM...loguttamANaM lokanAhANaM logahiyANaM gADhA ya vivAga kammuNo, sayamaM goym| mApamAyae / / vahI 10/4 logapaIvANaM logapajjoyagarANaM abhayadayANaM...Namo jiNANaM 11. Outlines of Jainism. P 3-4 jiybhyaannN| pahalI kiraNa, sAdhvIzrI rAjImatIjI, pR. 30-31 12. koho pIiM paNAsei, mANo vinnynaasnno| 21. sarvodayadarzana, Amukha pR. 6 mAyA mittANi nAsei, lomo savvaviNAsaNo // 22. dasavidhe dhamme paNNatte, taM jahA gAmadhamme pAgaradhamme, raTThadhamme, dazavaikAlika - 8/38 pAsaMDadhamme, kuladhamme, gaNadhamme, saMghadhamme, suyadhamme, 13. suvaNNa ruppassa upavvayA bhave siyAhu kelAsasamA asaMkhayA carittadhamme asthikaaydhmme| sthAnAMgasUtra 10/135 - narassa luddhassnatehiM kiMciMicchAu AgAsasamA aNantiyA 23. uttarAdhyayana, 25/33 uttarAdhyayana 9/48 24. marudharakesarI abhinaMdanagrantha, jodhapura 1968, dvitIya khaNDa, 14. asaMvibhAgI aciytte| vahI 17/11 pR.77 20.