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________________ 12 jaina- darzana kI samanvaya- paramparA darzana - zAstra vizva kI sampUrNa sattA ke rahasyodghATana kI apanI eka dhAraNA banAkara calatA hai | darzana - zAstra kA uddezya hai, vizva ke svarUpa ko vivecita karanA / isa vizva meM citra cit sattA kA svarUpa kyA hai ? ukta sattAoM kA jIvana aura jagat para kyA prabhAva par3atA hai ? ukta praznoM para anusandhAna karanA hI darzana zAstra kA ekamAtra lakSya aura uddezya hai| bhArata ke samagra darzanoM kA mukhya dhyeya bindu hai -- prAtmA aura usake svarUpa kA pratipAdana | cetana aura paramacetana ke svarUpa ko jitanI samagratA ke sAtha bhAratIyadarzana ne samajhAne kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai, utanA vizva ke anya kisI darzana ne nahIM / yadyapi maiM isa satya ko svIkAra karatA hU~ ki yUnAna ke dArzanikoM ne bhI AtmA ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, tathApi vaha utanA spaSTa aura vizada pratipAdana nahIM hai, jitanA bhAratIya darzanoM kA hai| yUnAna ke darzana kI pratipAdana zailI sundara hone para bhI usameM cetana aura paramacetana ke svarUpa kA anusandhAna gambhIra aura maulika nahIM ho pAyA hai| yUropa kA darzana to AtmA kA darzana na hokara, kevala prakRti kA darzana hai / bhAratIya-darzana meM prakRti ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana kama hai aura AtmA ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana adhika hai / jar3a prakRti ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana bhI eka prakAra se caitanya-svarUpa ke pratipAdana ke lie hI hai| bhAratIya darzana jar3a aura cetana -- donoM ke svarUpa ko samajhane kA prayatna karatA hai aura sAtha meM vaha yaha bhI batalAne kA prayatna karatA hai ki mAnava jIvana kA prayojana aura mUlya kyA hai ? bhAratIya-darzana kA adhika jhukAva AtmA kI ora hone para bhI, vaha jIvanajagat kI upekSA nahIM karatA / mere vicAra meM bhAratIya darzana jIvana aura anubhava kI eka samIkSA hai / darzana kA AvirbhAva vicAra aura tarka ke AdhAra para hotA hai / darzana tarka -niSTha vicAra ke dvArA sattA aura parama sattA ke svarUpa ko samajhAne kA prayatna karatA hai aura phira vaha usakI yathArthatA para zrAsthA rakhane ke lie preraNA detA hai| isa prakAra bhAratIya darzana meM tarka aura zraddhA kA sundara samanvaya upalabdha hotA hai| pazcimI-darzana meM bauddhika aura saiddhAntika - darzana kI hI pradhAnatA rahatI hai / pazcimI - darzana svatantra cintana para AdhArita hai / ataH prApta pramANa kI vaha ghora upekSA karatA hai| isake viparIta bhAratIya darzana AdhyAtmika cintana se preraNA pAtA hai| bhAratIya darzana eka AdhyAtmika khoja hai| vastutaH bhAratIya darzana, jo cetana aura parama cetana ke svarUpa kI khoja karatA hai, usake pIche ekamAtra uddezya yahI hai ki mAnava-jIvana ke carama lakSya - mokSa ko prApta karanA / eka bAta aura hai, bhArata meM darzana aura dharma sahacara aura sahagAmI rahe haiM / dharma aura darzana meM yahA~ para na kisI prakAra kA virodha hai aura na unheM eka-dUsare se alaga rakhane kA hI koI prayatna hai| darzana cit-yacit sattA kI mImAMsA karatA hai aura usake svarUpa ko tarka aura zraddhA se pakar3atA hai, jisase ki mokSa kI prApti hotI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratIya darzana eka bauddhika vilAsa nahIM hai, balki eka AdhyAtmika khoja hai| dharma kyA hai ? dharma adhyAtma-satya ko adhigata karane kA eka vyAvahArika upAya hai| bhArata meM darzana kA kSetra itanA vyApaka hai ki bhArata ke pratyeka dharma kI zAkhA ne apanA eka dArzanika AdhAra taiyAra kiyA hai| pAzcAtya Philosophy zabda aura pUrvIya darzana zabda kI paraspara jaina darzana ko samanvaya-parasparA 86
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________________ meM tulanA nahIM kI jA sktii| Philosophy zabda kA artha hotA hai-jJAna kA prema, jabaki darzana kA artha hai-satya kA sAkSAtkAra karanA / darzana kA artha hai-dRSTi / darzana-zAstra sampUrNa sattA kA darzana hai, phira bhale hI vaha sattA cetana ho athavA acetana / bhAratIya-darzana kA mUla AdhAra cintana aura anubhava rahA hai| vicAra ke sAtha prAcAra kI bhI isameM mahimA aura garimA rahI hai| kyA bhAratIya-darzanoM meM viSamatA hai ? yahA~ prazna yaha hotA hai ki bhAratIya-darzanoM meM viSamatA kahA~ hai ? mujhe to kahIM, para bhI bhAratIya-darzanoM meM viSamatA dRSTigocara nahIM hotI hai| anekAntavAda kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para hameM sarvatra samanvaya aura sAmaJjasya hI dRSTigocara hotA hai, kahIM para bhI virodha aura viSamatA nahIM miltii| bhAratIya-darzanoM kA vargIkaraNa aneka prakAra se kiyA gayA hai, unakA vargIkaraNa kisI bhI paddhati se kyoM na kiyA jAe, kintu unakA gambhIra adhyayana aura cintana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki eka cArvAka darzana ko chor3akara, bhArata ke zeSa samasta darzanoM kA-jisameM vaidika-darzana, bauddha-darzana aura jaina-darzana kI samagra zAkhAoM evaM upazAkhAoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai, una sabakA mUla dhyeya rahI hai, AtmA ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana aura mokSa kI prApti / ataH maiM bhAratIya-darzana ko do vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita karatA hU~-bhautikavAdI aura adhyaatmvaadii| eka cArvAka-darzana ko chor3akara bhArata ke anya sabhI darzana adhyAtmavAdI hai, kyoMki ve AtmA kI sattA meM vizvAsa rakhate haiN| AtmA ke svarUpa ke sambandha meM bhale hI saba eka mata na hoM, kintu usakI sattA se kisI ko inkAra nahIM hai| kSaNikavAdI bauddha-darzana bhI AtmA kI sattA ko svIkAra karatA hai| jaina-darzana bhI AtmA ko amara, ajara aura eka zAzvata tattva svIkAra karatA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra prAtmA kA na kabhI janma hotA hai aura na kabhI usakA maraNa hI hotA hai| nyAya aura vaizeSika-darzana AtmA kI amaratA meM vizvAsa rakhate haiM, kintu AtmA ko ve kUTastha, nitya aura vibhu mAnate haiN| sAMkhya aura yoga-darzana cetana kI sattA ko svIkAra karate haiM aura use nitya aura vibhu mAnate haiM, mImAMsA-darzana bhI AtmA kI amaratA ko svIkAra karatA hai| vedAnta-darzana meM prAtmA ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana to advaita kI carama sImA para pahu~ca gayA hai| advaita vedAnta ke anusAra yaha samagra sRSTi brahmamaya hai| kahIM para bhI eka brahma ke atirikta anya kucha hai hI nhiiN| jaina-darzana aura anya sAMkhya Adi bhAratIya-darzana dvaitavAdI haiN| dvaitavAdI kA artha hai-jar3a aura cetana, prakRti aura puruSa tathA jIva aura ajIva--do tattvoM ko svIkAra karanevAlA darzana / isa prakAra, eka cArvAka ko chor3akara bhArata ke zeSa sabhI adhyAtmavAdI darzanoM meM prAtmA ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana bhinna-bhinna hote hue bhI, usakI nityatA aura amaratA para sabhI ko AsthA hai| karmavAdI hI saccA AtmavAdI hai : bhAratIya-darzana ke anusAra yaha eka siddhAnta hai ki jo AtmA kI sattA ko svIkAra karatA hai, usake lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha karma kI sattA ko bhI svIkAra kare / cArvAka ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI bhAratIya-darzana karma aura usake phala ko svIkAra karate haiN| isakA artha yaha hai ki zubha karma kA phala zubha hotA hai aura azubha karma kA phala azubha hotA hai| zubha karma se puNya aura azubha karma se pApa hotA hai| jIva jaisA karma karatA hai, usI ke anusAra usakA jIvana acchA athavA burA banatA rahatA hai| karma ke anusAra hI hama sukha aura duHkha kA anubhava karate haiM, kintu yaha nizcita hai ki jo karma kA kartA hotA hai, vahI karma-phala kA bhoktA bhI hotA hai| bhArata ke sabhI adhyAtmavAdI-darzana karma ke siddhAnta ko svIkAra karate haiN| jaina-darzana ne karma ke siddhAnta kI jo vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai, vaha anya sabhI darzanoM se spaSTa aura vizada hai| Aja bhI karmavAda ke sambandha meM jainoM ke saMkhyAbaddha 10 pannA samikkhae dhamma
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________________ grantha upalabdha hote haiN| adhyAtmavAdI-darzana ko karmavAdI honA Avazyaka hI nahIM, parama Avazyaka bhI hai| prazna yaha hai ki yaha karma kyA hai, kahA~ se AtA hai ? aura, kyoM AtA hai ? tathA kase alaga hotA hai? karma eka prakAra kA pudgala hI hai, yaha prAtmA se eka vijAtIya tattva hai| rAga aura deSa ke kAraNa AtmA karmoM se baddha ho jAtI hai| mAyA, avidyA aura 'ajJAna se AtmA kA vijAtIya tattva ke sAtha jo saMyoga ho jAtA hai, yahI prAtmA kI baddhadazA hai| bhAratIya darzana meM viveka aura samyak-jJAna ko AtmA se karma ko dUra karane kA upAya mAnA hai| prAtmA ne yadi karma bA~dhA hai, to vaha usase vimukta bhI ho sakatI hai| isI AdhAra para bhAratIya-darzanoM meM karma-mala ko dUra karane ke lie adhyAtma-sAdhanA kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| punarjanmavAda : bhAratIya-darzana kI eka aura mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA hai-janmAntaravAda arthAt punarjanma / janmAntaravAda bhI cArvAka-darzana ko chor3akara anya sabhI darzanoM kA eka sAmAnya siddhAnta hai| yaha karma ke siddhAnta se phalita hotA hai| karma-siddhAnta kahatA hai---zubhakarmoM kA phala zubha milatA hai aura azubha-karmoM kA phala azubha / parantu, isa jIvana-yAtrA meM Abaddha sabhI karmoM kA phala isa jIvana meM pUrNa nahIM ho paataa| isalie karma-phala ko bhogane hetu anya aneka jIvana kI AvazyakatA hai| yaha saMsAra janma-maraNa kI anAdi zRMkhalA hai, yahI janmAntaravAda hai| isakA kAraNa mithyA-jJAna aura avidyA hai| jaba tattva-jJAna se, yathArtha-bodha se, vItarAga-bhAva se naye karma kA Asrava ruka jAtA hai, tathA pUrva-baddha karmoM kI nirjarA hokara sarvathA nAza ho jAtA hai, taba isa saMsAra kA bhI anta ho jAtA hai| saMsAra, bandha hai, aura baMdha kA nAza hI mokSa hai / bandha kA kAraNa ajJAna evaM mithyA prAcAra hai aura mokSa kA kAraNa-tattva-jJAna evaM vItarAga-bhAvarUpa prAcAra hai| jaba taka AtmA pUrvakRta karmoM ko bhoga nahIM legI, taba taka janma-maraNa kA pravAha kabhI parisamApta nahIM hogaa| bhAratIya-darzanoM kI sabase mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA hai-mokSa evaM mukti / bhAratIyadarzanoM kA lakSya yaha rahA hai ki yaha mokSa, mukti aura nirvANa ke lie sAdhaka ko nirantara prerita karate rheN| mokSa kA siddhAnta bhArata ke sabhI adhyAtmavAdI-darzanoM ko mAnya hai| bhautikavAdI hone ke kAraNa akelA cArvAka-darzana hI isako svIkAra nahIM karatA / bhautikavAdI cArvAka jaba isa zarIra se bhinna prAtmA kI sattA ko hI svIkAra nahIM karatA. taba usake vicAra meM mokSa kA upayoga aura mahattva hI kyA raha jAtA hai ? bauddha-darzana meM prAtmA ke mokSa ko nirvANa kahA gayA hai| nirvANa kA artha hai--saba duHkhoM ke prAtyantika uccheda kI avasthA / jaina-darzana meM mokSa, mukti aura nirvANa-tInoM zabdoM kA prayoga upalabdha hotA hai| jaina-darzana ke anusAra, mokSa evaM mukti kA artha hai-mAtmA kI parama vizuddha avsthaa| mokSa avasthA meM AtmA sadA-sarvadA ke lie sva-svarUpa meM sthira rahatI hai, usameM kisI bhI prakAra kA vijAtIya tattva nahIM rhtaa| sAMkhya-darzana meM prakRti aura puruSa ke saMyoga ko saMsAra kahA gayA hai aura prakRti tathA puruSa ke viyoga ko mokSa kahA gayA hai| nyAya aura vaizeSika bhI yaha mAnate haiM ki tattva-jJAna se hI mokSa hotA hai| vedAnta-darzana to mukti ko svIkAra karatA hI hai| usake anusAra jIva ke baddha svarUpa ko samajha lenA brahmajJAna ko prApta kara lenA hI mukti hai| isa prakAra bhArata ke sabhI adhyAtmavAdI-darzana mokSa evaM makti kA pratipAdana karate haiN| hama dekhate haiM ki mokSa ke svarUpa meM aura usake pratipAdana kI prakriyA meM bhinnatA hone para bhI, lakSya sabakA eka hI hai aura vaha lakSya hai-baddha prAtmA ko bandhana se mukta krnaa| adhyAtma-sAdhanA: bhAratIya-darzana meM eka bAta aura hai, jo sabhI adhyAtmavAdI darzanoM ko svIkRta hai| jaina-darzana kI samanvaya-paramparA 61 Jain Education Intemational
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________________ vaha hai - AdhyAtmika sAdhanA | sAdhanA sabakI bhinna-bhinna hone para bhI usakA uddezya aura lakSya prAyaH eka jaisA 'hai / adhyAtmavAdI darzana ke anusAra isa sAdhanA ko jIvana kA AcAra-pakSa kahA jAtA hai| jaba taka vicAra ko AcAra kA rUpa nahIM diyA jAegA, taba taka jIvana ke uddezya kI pUrti nahIM ho sakatI / pratyeka adhyAtmavAdI darzana ne apaneapane siddhAnta ke anusAra apane vicAra ko prAcAra kA rUpa dene kA prayatna kiyA hai| bhArata meM eka bhI adhyAtmavAdI darzana aisA nahIM hai, jisake nAma para koI sampradAya sthApita na huA ho / yaha sampradAya kyA hai ? pratyeka darzana kA apane vicAra -pakSa ko AcAra meM sAdhita karane ke lie yaha eka prayoga bhUmi hai| sampradAya una vicAroM kI abhivyakti hai, jo usake draSTAnoM ne kabhI sAkSAtkAra kiyA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratIya darzana meM vicAra aura prAcAra tathA dharma aura darzana sAtha-sAtha calate haiM / bhAratIya darzanoM kI sabase adhika mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA yahI hai ki unameM dharma aura darzana kI mUla samasyAoM meM koI bheda nahIM kiyA gayA hai| bhArata meM dharma zabda kA prayoga bar3e vyApaka artha meM kiyA gayA hai| vastuta: bhArata meM dharma aura darzana donoM eka hI lakSya kI pUrti karate haiM / bhArata ke darzanoM meM dharma kevala vizvAsamAtra hI nahIM hai, balki prAdhyAtmika vikAsa kI vibhinna avasthAoM aura jIvana kI Urdhva yAtrA kI vibhinna paristhitiyoM ke anurUpa mAnavI vyavahAra aura pracAra kA eka kriyAtmaka siddhAnta hai / yahA~ para darzana ke siddhAntoM kA mUlyAMkana jIvana kI kasauTI para kiyA gayA hai aura dhArmika siddhAntoM ko prajJA kI tulA para tolA gayA hai / bhArata ke adhyAtmavAdI darzana kI yaha eka aisI vizeSatA hai, jo atItakAla ke aura vartamAna kAla ke anya kisI deza ke darzana meM prApta nahIM hai / dharma aura darzana paraspara sambaddha haiM / unameM kahIM para bhI virodha aura viSamatA dRSTigocara nahIM hotI, sarvatra samanvaya aura sAmaJjasya hI bhAratIya dharma aura saMskRti kA ekamAtra prAdhAra rahA hai / samanvaya dRSTi : samanvayavAda ke AviSkAra karanevAle zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra haiM / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke yuga meM jitane bhI unake samakAlIna anya dArzanika the, ve saba ekAntavAdI paramparA kI sthApanA kara rahe the| usa yuga kA bhAratIya darzana do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita thA - ekAnta farmarat aura ekAnta anityavAdI, ekAnta bhedavAdI aura ekAnta prabhedavAdI, ekAnta sadvAdI aura ekAnta zrasadvAdI tathA ekAnta ekatvavAdI aura ekAnta anekatvavAdI | saba apane-apane ekAntavAda ko pakar3a kara apane paMtha, sampradAya aura paramparA ko sthApita karane meM saMlagna the / saba satya kA anusaMdhAna kara rahe the aura saba satya kI khoja kara rahe the, kintu sabase bar3I bhUla yaha thI ki unhoMne apane ekAMzI satya ko hI sarvAMzI satya mAna liyA thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda ke vaijJAnika siddhAnta ke AdhAra para samagra darzanoM kA vizleSaNa kiyA aura kahA -- apanI-apanI dRSTi se sabhI darzana satya haiM, parantu satya kA jo rUpa unhoMne adhigata kiyA hai vahI saba kucha nahIM hai, usase bhinna bhI satya kI sattA zeSa raha jAtI hai, jisakA niSedha karane ke kAraNa ve ekAntavAdI bana gae haiN| unhoMne apane anekAnta siddhAnta ke dvArA apane yuga ke una samasta praznoM ko sulajhAyA, jo AtmA aura paraloka prAdi ke sambandha meM kie jAte the / udAharaNa ke lie, AtmA hI lIjie, bauddha dArzanikaH zrAtmA ko ekAnta kSaNikaH evaM anitya mAna rahe the / vedAntavAdI dArzanika AtmA ko ekAnta nitya aura kUTastha hI mAna rahe the / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne una sabakA samanvaya karate hue kahA -- paryAya-dRSTi se anityavAda ThIka hai aura dravya-dRSTi se nityavAda bhI ThIka hai| AtmA meM parivartana hotA hai--isa satya se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, parantu yaha bhI satya hai ki parivartanoM meM raha kara bhI aura parivartita hotI huI bhI zrAtmA kabhI apane anAdi mUla cit-svarUpa se sarvathA naSTa nahIM hotii| isI prakAra unhoMne karmavAda, paralokavAda aura janmAntaravAda ke sambandha meM bhI apane anekAntavAdI 62 ear aforer dhammaM
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________________ dRSThikoNa ke AdhAra para samanvaya karane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke isa anekAntavAda kA prabhAva apane samakAlIna bauddha-darzana para bhI par3A aura apane yuga ke upaniSadoM para bhI pddaa| uttarakAla ke sabhI prAcAryoM ne kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM unake isa udAra siddhAnta ko svIkAra kiyA hI thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratIya-darzanoM meM kucha vicAra-bheda aura sAdhana-bheda hote hue bhI, uddezya aura lakSya meM kisI prakAra kA vilakSaNa virodha nahIM hai, unameM paraspara virodha kI apekSA samanvaya hI adhika hai| zrotA hI nahIM, draSTA : bhAratIya-darzana jIvana aura jagat ke sAkSAtkAra kA darzana hai| bhAratIya cintakoM ne kahA ki zruta aura dRSTa donoM meM se zruta kI apekSA dRSTa kA hI adhika mahattva hai| darzana zabda kA mUla artha hI satya kA darzana hai, sAkSAtkAra hai| ataH bhAratIya-darzana zrotA kI apekSA draSTA hI adhika hai| usane jIvana ke yathArtha satya ko sAkSAtkAra karane kA prayatna kiyA hai aura tadanurUpa saphalatA bhI prApta kii| bhAratIya-darzana jitanA mahattva cintana ko detA hai, utanA hI adhika mahattva vaha anubhava ko bhI detA hai| bhAratIya-darzanoM kA antima lakSya jIvana ko bhautika dharAtala se Upara uThA kara satya kI usa carama sImA taka pahu~cAnA hai, jisake Age anya kucha na prApya hai, aura na rAha hai| bhAratIya-sAdhanA kA lakSya vartamAna jIvana ke bandhanoM se mukta hokara isI divya akSara jIvana kI ora agrasara hone kA hai| bhAratIya-sAdhanA ke mUla meM adhyAtma-bhAva hai aura isI kAraNa vaha pratyeka vastu ko adhyAtma kI tulA para taulatA hai, aura adhyAtma kI kasauTI para kasa kara hI use svIkAra karatA hai| jIvana meM, jo kucha anAtmabhata hai, use vaha svIkAra karanA nahIM cAhatA, phira bhale hI, vaha kitanA hI sundara aura kitanA hI mUlyavAna kyoM na ho? isI AdhAra para bhAratIya-darzana jIvana aura jagata ko adhyAtma kI kasauTI para kasatA hai aura usake khare utarane para usakI adhyAtma-dRSTi se vyAkhyA karake, vaha use jana-jIvana ke lie grAhya banA detA hai, jise pA kara jana-jIvana samRddha ho jAtA hai / nirAzAvAda nahIM, prAzAvAda : bhAratIya-darzana kA uddezya vartamAna asantuSTa jIvana ke cakravAta meM idhara-udhara bhaTakate rahanA hI nahIM hai, balki usakI vartamAna vyAkulatA kA lakSya hai, anAkulatA pAnA / kucha Alocaka bhAratIya-darzana para duHkhavAdI aura nirAzAvAdI hone kA Aropa lagAte haiN| yaha pravRtti pAzcAtya-dArzanikoM meM adhika hai aura unakA anusaraNa karake kucha bhAratIya vidvAna bhI unake svara meM apanA svara milA dete haiN| mere vicAra meM bhAratIya-darzana ko nirAzAvAdI aura duHkhavAdI kahanA satya se pare hai| bhAratIya-darzana vartamAna jIvana ke duHkha-klezoM para khar3A hotA to avazya hai, parantu vaha use antima satya evaM lakSya nahIM mAnatA hai| usakA ekamAla lakSya, to isa kSaNabhaMgura aura nirantara parivartanazIla tathA pratikSaNa maraNa ke mukha meM jAne vAle saMsAra ko zAzvata amRtatva pradAna karanA hai| bhAratIya-darzana kI yaha vizeSatA rahI hai ki usane kSaNabhaMguratA meM amaratA ko dekhA hai| usane aMdhakAra meM bhI prakAza kI khoja kI hai aura usane unmAda meM bhI saMbodhi ke unmeSa ko pAne kA nirantara prayAsa kiyA hai| purAtana-kAla kA RSi apanI antara-vANI ko zabdoM meM abhivyakta karatA hai--"asato mA sadgamaya, tamaso mA jyotirgamaya, mRtyormA amRtaM gmy|" -"prabho, mujhe asatya se satya kI ora le clo| mujhe aMdhakAra se prakAza kI ora le calo aura mujhe maraNa-zIlatA se amaratA kI ora le clo|" jaina-darzana kA sUtra hai--"savva dukkha-pahINamagaM" -sAdhanA, samagra duHkhoM ko pUrNatayA kSINa karane kA mArga hai| jaina-darzana ko samanvaya-paramparA Jain Education Interational
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________________ - kyA Apa ise bhArata kA duHkhavAda evaM nirAzAvAda kahate haiM ? spaSTa hai, ise jIvana kA palAyanavAda kahane kI bhala koI kaise kara sakatA hai? bhArata ke darzana-zAstra meM yAda kahIM para duHkha-nirAzA Adi ke vicAra milate bhI haiM, to ve vicAra isalie nahIM ki vaha hamAre jIvana kA lakSya hai, balki vaha isalie hotA hai ki hama apane isa vartamAna jIvana kI dIna-hIna avasthA ko chor3akara mahattatA, ujjvalatA aura pavitratA kI ora agrasara ho ske| mUla meM bhAratIya-darzana nirAzAvAdI nahIM haiN| duHkhavAda ko vaha vartamAna jIvana meM svIkAra karake bhI ananta kAla taka duHkhI rahane meM vizvAsa nahIM krtaa| vartamAna jIvana meM mRtyu satya hai, kintu vaha kahatA hai, mRtyu zAzvata nahIM hai| yadi sAdhaka ke hRdaya meM yaha bhAvanA jama jAe ki maiM Aja maraNazIla avazya hU~, kintu sadA maraNazIla nahIM rahU~gA, to ise Apa nirAzAvAda nahIM kaha skte| yaha to usa nirAzAvAda ko AzAvAda meM pariNata karane vAlA eka amara saMkalpa hai| bhAratIya-darzana prArambha meM bhale hI sthUladarzI pratIta hotA ho, kintu anta meM vaha sUkSmadarzI bana jAtA hai| sthUladarzI se sUkSmadarzI bananA aura sUkSmadarzI se sarvadarzI bananA hI usake jIvana kA lakSya hai| hamAre darzana, hamAre dharma aura hamArI saMskRti ke sambandha meM jo kucha videzI vidvAnoM ne kahA hai, use A~kha mUMda kara svIkAra karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| Apa apanI svaccha, taTastha buddhi kI tulA para taula kara hI use grahaNa karane kA athavA chor3ane kA prayatna kareM, anyathA dArzanika carcA ke nAma para vyartha hI idhara-udhara kA bahuta-sA andha-vizvAsa Apa grahaNa kara leNge| udAra dRSTikoNa: ____ bhAratIya-darzana kA prAcIna kAla se hI udAra aura vizAla dRSTikoNa rahA hai| kyoMki vaha akhaNDa satya kA anusaMdhAna karane hetu calA hai| satya-zodhaka ke lie Avazyaka hai ki vaha apanI dRSTi ko vizAla evaM vyApaka rkhe| jahA~ bhI satya ho, use grahaNa karane kI bhAvanA rakhe aura jo kucha asatya hai, use chor3ane kI tatparatA evaM sAhasa bhI usameM ho| satya ke upAsaka ke lie, kisI ke mata kA khaNDana karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai, ekAMgI khaNDana aura maNDana donoM hI satya se dUra rahanevAle bauddhika dvandva hai| dUsare kA khaNDana karane ke lie apane maNDana kI AvazyakatA rahatI hai aura phira apane maNDana ke lie dUsare kA khaNDana Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| satya kI upalabdhi ke sAtha khaNDana kA kisI bhI prakAra kA koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai| khaNDana meM prAyaH dUsare ke prati ghRNA aura upekSA kA bhAva rahatA hai| ataH satya ko pAne kA patha, khaNDana-maNDana se ati dara hai| durbhAgya hai, madhya-kAla meM pAkara bhAratIya-darzanoM meM khaNDana-maNDana kI una paramparA cala pdd'ii| viveka-cakSu ko banda kara apanA maNDana aura dUsaroM kA khaNDana karanA, yahI ekamAtra unakA lakSya bana gayA thaa| prArambha meM pratipAdya satya tArkika-mImAMsA ke hetU khaNDana kucha artha bhI rakhatA thA, kintu Age cala kara yaha khaNDana kI paramparA sarvagrAsI bana gaI aura eka hI paMtha aura eka hI paramparA ke loga bhI paraspara eka-dUsare kA hI khaNDana karane laga ge| prAcArya zaMkara ke advaitavAda kA khaNDana kiyA prAcArya madhva ne aura prAcArya madhva ke dvaitavAda kA khaNDana kiyA prAcArya zaMkara ke ziSyoM ne / zaMkara-mata kA rAmAnuja ne khaNDana kiyA aura rAmAnuja-mata kA zaMkara-mata ne khaNDana kiyaa| mImAMsaka ne naiyAyika kA khaNDana kiyA aura naiyAyika ne mImAMsaka kA khaNDana kiyaa| isa prakAra jisa vaidika-paramparA ne jaina aura bauddha ke viruddha morcA khar3A kiyA thA, ve Apasa meM hI lar3ane lge| bauddhoM meM bhI hInayAna aura mahAyAna ko lekara eka bhayaMkara khaNDana-maNDana zurU ho gyaa| mahAyAna ne hInayAna ko miTA denA cAhA, to hInayAna ne bhI mahAyAna ko kucala dene kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kiyaa| buddha ke bhakta vaidika aura jainoM se lar3ate-lar3ate Apasa meM hI lar3a mre| isI prakAra jina ke upAsaka jaina bhI, jinakI sAdhanA kA ekamAtra lakSya hai, rAga aura dveSa se dUra honA, ve bhI rAga aura dveSa ke jhaMjhAvAta meM ulajha ge| zvetAmbara aura digambaroM ke saMgharSa bhI kama bhayaMkara nahIM the| yaha eka bahuta bar3I ... pannA samikkhae dhamma Jain Education Interational
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________________ lajjA kI bAta thI ki anekAnta ke mAnanevAle paraspara meM hI lar3a par3e aura apanA maNDana tathA dUsaroM kA khaNDana karane lge| yAda rakhie, yadi Apa dUsare ke ghara meM Aga lagAte haiM, to vaha Aga phailakara Apake ghara meM bhI A sakatI hai| yaha kabhI mata samajhie ki hama dUsaroM kA khaNDana kara ke apanA maNDana kara skeNge| pratyeka vyakti aura pratyeka paMtha kA~ca ke mahala meM baiThA huA hai, isalie use dUsare ko patthara mArakara apane ko surakSita samajhane kI bhUla nahIM karanI caahie| kheda hai, bhArata kA adhyAtmavAdI-darzana apane adhyAtmavAda ko bhUlakara paMthavAdI banakara lar3ane ko taiyAra ho gyaa| bhAratIya-darzana kA ujjvala rUpa khaNDana evaM maNDana meM nahIM hai, vaha hai usake samanvaya meM aura hai usake anekAntavAdI dRSTikoNa meN| samanvaya hI bhAratIya-darzana kA vAstavika svarUpa hai aura yahI usakA mUla AdhAra hai| jaina-dharma kI anekAnta-dRSTi isI samanvaya-paramparA ko puSTa karatI hai| eka taraha se jaina-darzana kA mUla, yaha samanvaya-paramparA hI hai / jaina-darzana kI samanvaya-parAmparA 65. Jain Education Intemational