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________________ .. - . -. -. -. -. -. -. -. -. - . -. jaina chandazAstra paramparA 0 zrI narottama nArAyaNa gautama, vyAkhyAtA-sAhitya, mahArANA saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, udayapura prAcIna manISiyoM ko "sAhityapAthonidhimaMthanotthaM karNAmRtaM rakSata hi kavIndrA" kahakara sAhitya kI surakSA kI salAha dete samaya kavi ko mAnavoM kI smRti para vizvAsa karanA par3A hogaa| smRti meM kisI bhI vidyA ko surakSita rakhane ke lie use rAgAtmaka, AlhAdaka tattvoM se saMyukta karanA Avazyaka thaa| pratyeka prAcIna vidhA isIlie svara, yati, rAga evaM chandoM se kisI na kisI prakAra ba~dhI rahI hai| sambhavata: bhISaNa jhajhAvAtoM ke pazcAt bhI isI AlhAda dene vAle svaroM meM ba~dhI racanAdharmitA ke kAraNa yaha vidyA surakSita raha pAyI / veda vizvasAhitya kI prAcInatama kRti haiN| smRti para surakSita ina vedoM ke vizleSaNa evaM gambhIra jJAna ke lie upayogI vidhAoM meM chandavidyA ko bhI sthAna diyA gayA / veda ko puruSa kA rUpaka batalAte hue kahA gayA hai ki "chandaH pAdau tu vedsyaa|" pANinI ne chanda zabda ko AlhAda yA prasannatA ke artha meM prayukta 'cadi' dhAtu se nirmita mAnA hai jisakA artha hai-mana ko prasanna karane vAlA / mana ke bhAvoM ko bhASA, svara, laya, yati, gati se AvRta kara prastuta karane ke kAraNa chanda zabda ko chAdana chAne, Dhakane artha kI dhAtu se bhI niSpanna kiyA gayA hai| isI tattva ko samajhane ke lie brahmahatyA ke doSI indra kI pApa (saM mAnasika santApa) se rakSA karane kI kathA bhI jor3I gaI / saMkSepa meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki chanda kA artha akSara, mAtrA, yati, laya Adi ke niyamoM se nibaddha racanA hotI hai, jisake sunane se mana meM prasannatA kA saMcAra hotA hai| chandoM ke vizleSaNa kA prArambha vedoM se hI prArambha ho gayA thaa| zukla yajurveda ke nimna mantra meM vedoM meM prayukta chandoM kA parigaNana kiyA gayA hai gAyatrI triSTubjagatyanuSTuppaGkatyA saha / bRhatyuSNNihA kakuppasUcIthiH zammayantuttvA // kAlidAsa kA zrutabodha evaM bhaTTa kedAra ke vRttaratnAkara ke samAna hI jaina AcAryoM ne bhI chanda zAstra ke aneka granthoM kA praNayana kiyaa| unakA saMkSipta vivecana isa prakAra hai ratna maMjUSA-ATha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta 230 sUtroM kI isa maMjuSA ke kartA kA nAma bhUta ke garbha meM vilIna ho gayA hai| isakI TIkAoM ke adhikAMza lekhakoM ke jaina hone tathA hemacandrasUri ke atirikta anya chandazAstriyoM se vivaraNa mela na khAne ke kAraNa isake racayitA ke jaina hone kI sambhAvanA prabala hai| isake prathama adhyAya meM vividha pAribhASika zabdoM kA paricaya hai| dvitIya-tRtIya adhyAya meM mAtrika chanda, caturtha meM viSama vRtta, paMcama se saptama meM varNavRtta (vANika chanda) tathA AThaveM adhyAya meM prastAra kA nirUpaNa hai| kavi ne gaNoM kI paramparA se haTakara alaga saMjJAe~ pradAna kI haiM / bahupracalita ya, ma, ra, sa, ta, ja, ya gaNa ke sthAna para ka, ca, da, ta, pa, za, Sa, ma, ha tathA saMkhyAoM ke lie da, dA, di, dI Adi vargoM kA prayoga kavi kI apanI maulikatA pradarzita karatA hai| kavi kI kRti para kinhIM punnAgacandra athavA nAgacandra nAmaka jaina vidvAca ne TIkA bhI likhI hai| :
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________________ jaina chandazAstra paramparA 435. . chando'nuzAsana--kannar3a pradeza ke nivAsI digambara AcArya jayakIti ne isa graMtha kI racanA kii| kRti meM AcArya asaMga ke ullekha se jJAta hotA hai ki ApakA samaya lagabhaga 1000 I0 ke AsapAsa rahA hogaa| chando'nuzAsana ke AThoM adhyAyoM meM kramazaH saMjJA, samavRtta, ardhasamavRtta, viSamavRtta, jAti (mAtrika chanda), mizra, kannar3a ke chanda, evaM prastAva nirUpita haiN| isa grantha kI sabase bar3I vizeSatAM vaidika chandoM ke nirUpaNa ke sthAna para lokabhASA kannar3a ke chandoM kA nirUpaNa hai / aneka sthaloM para kavi ne naye nAmoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| kavi ne prAyaH sabhI lakSaNoM ko usI chanda meM dene kA prayAsa kiyA hai tAki pRthakazaH udAharaNa dene kI AvazyakatA na pdd'e| chandaHzekhara-Thakkura duddaka evaM nAgadevI ke putra rAjazekhara ne isa grantha kI racanA kii| isakI prAcInatama prati vi0 saM0 1176 kI milI hai| hemacandrAcArya ne isa kRti kA upayoga apane grantha meM kiyA hai / chando'nuzAsana-SaDbhASA cakravartI AcArya hemacandra ne jahA~ kAvya, vyAkaraNa evaM kozoM para apanI lekhanI calAI, vahIM chandazAstra sambandhI isa grantha kA praNayana bhI kiyaa| isameM na kevala saMskRta ke apitu prAkRta, apabhraMza ke chandoM kA varNana bhI vistAra ke sAtha kiyA hai| ATha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta isa chandazAstrIya grantha meM caturtha adhyAya meM prAkRta tathA paMcama se saptama taka ke tIna adhyAyoM meM apabhraMza sAhitya meM bahuprayukta chandoM kA vivaraNa milatA hai| zeSa prathama meM saMjJA, dvitIya meM saMskRta ke samavRtta evaM daNDaka tathA tRtIya meM ardhasama evaM viSama chandoM kA varNana prApta hotA hai| AcArya hemacandra ko chandoM ke bahuta se naye prakaraNoM kA jJAna thaa| daNDaka kA vivaraNa dete hue Apane 411 viSama chandoM meM 72 chandoM kA varNana kiyA hai| unake isa grantha meM kula milAkara 800 chandoM kA nirUpaNa hai, jo apane Apa meM bahuta bar3I saMkhyA hai| chandoM ke viSaya meM itanI sugama evaM vividhatApUrNa kRti anyatra durlabha hai| isa kRti para svayaM AcArya hemacandra ne hI svopajJa athavA chandazcUr3AmaNi nAma se TIkA likhii| isa TIkA meM bharata, saitava, piMgala, jayadeva, kAzyapa, svayaMbhU, siddhasena, siddharAja kumArapAla Adi kA ullekha hai| chandoratnAvalI-gurjara nareza bIsaladeva kI sabhA ke ratna amaracandrasUrI jinadattasUrI ke ziSya the| aneka graMthoM ke racayitA amaracandrasUrI ne 600 zlokoM meM isa kRti kI racanA kii| __ isa kRti meM nau adhyAya haiN| apane pUrvAcAryoM kI bhAMti inhoMne bhI apanI kRti meM prAkRta chandoM kA vizleSaNa kiyA hai / adyAvadhi aprakAzita isa graMtha ke prakAzana se zodhArthiyoM ko jAnakArI prApta hogii| chando'nuzAsana--medapATa (mevAr3a) ke jaina zreSThI nemikumAra ke putra mahAkavi vAgbhaTTa ne 14vIM zatI meM isa graMtha kI racanA kii| isake pA~ca adhyAyoM meM kramazaH saMjJA, samavRtta, ardhasamavRtta, mAtrAsamaka evaM mAtrika chandoM kA vivecana hai| vRttamauktika-vyAkaraNa, kAvya, jyotiSa, darzana evaM AdhyAtma kI bahumukhI pratibhAzAlI upAdhyAya meghavijaya ne isa graMtha kI racanA kii| 10 patroM kI isa laghukAya kRti meM kavi ne prastAra saMkhyA, uddiSTa, naSTa Adi viSayoM kA vizada vivecana tathA upayogI yaMtra (cArTasa) kA nirmANa bhI kiyA hai| aisI mAnyatA hai ki saM0 1755 meM isa graMtha kI racanA bhAnuvijaya ke lie kI gii| samityarthAzvabhU varSe prauDhireSA'bhavat zriye / bhAnvAdivijayAdhyAyahetutaH siddhimAzritaH / / chando'vataMsa--kedAra bhaTTa ke vRttaratnAkAra kI zailI para racita isa racanA ke praNetA upAdhyAya lAlacandragaNi haiM / saMskRta bhASA meM racita isa graMtha meM ati upayogI chandoM kA vizada vizleSaNa kara zeSa para calatI dRSTi DAlI hai|
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________________ 436 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : paMcama khaNDa vi0 saM0 1711 meM racita isa kRti ke anta meM vinayazIla upAdhyAya ne vidvAnoM se truTiyoM ke zodhana kI prArthanA bhI kI hai kacid pramAdAdvatayaM mayAsmirachandovvartase svakRte yaduktam / saMzodhya tannirmalayantu santaH vidvatsu vijJaptiriyaM madIyA // jayadevachandam gRttaratnAkara ke TIkAkAra muhU ne "zvetapaTa" vizeSaNa lagAkara kavi jayadeva ke zvetAmbara sampradAya ke hone kI sambhAvanA utpanna kara dI hai| isa grantha ke racayitA kavi jayadeva ne vardhamAna ko namaskAra kara jaina hone kA antaH sAkSya bhI diyA hai / jayadeva ne apanA graMtha jayadevachandasa piMgala ziromaNi ko AdhAra mAnakara bnaayaa| ATha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta yaha prathama jaina kAvya hai, jisameM vaidika chandoM kA vivecana huA hai| isa graMtha meM vaidika evaM laukika saMskRta ke chandoM kA hI vivecana hai| prArambha evaM anta bhI piMgala se prabhAvita hai kintu laukika chandoM ke nirUpaNa meM unakI zailI piMgala se bhinna ho gayI hai / svayaMbhU evaM halAyudha ne jayadeva ke mata kI samIkSA kI hai| abhinavagupta, nami sAdhu, hemacandra, trivikrama, 1 amaracandra sulhaNa gopAla, nArAyaNa, rAmacandra Adi sAhityazAstriyoM ne jayadeva ke avataraNoM kI apane granthoM meM uddhRta kiyA hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki jayadeva kI kRti kA sammAna evaM upayoga sabhI jaina, jainetara kAvyazAstriyoM ne niHsaMkoca kiyA / kavikRti kI prAmANikatA evaM lokapriyatA kA isase bar3A pramANa aura kyA hogA ? mukula bhaTTa ke putra haTa ne isa kRti para jayadevachandovRtti nAma se TIkA likhI isa vRtti ke 300 varSoM ke pazcAt zIlabhadrasUri ke ziSya candrasUrI ne 13vIM zatI meM jayadevachandazAstravRtti Tippana ke nAma se TippaNiyAM kIM, jo saMbhavataH peTa kI vRtti para hI hai| svayaMbhUcchandas - harivaMza purANa (jaina), paumacariu tathA isa kRti ke racayitA svayaMbhU eka hI the yA bhinna-bhinna isa viSaya para mataikya nahIM hai| paumacariya meM vidyamAna isa kRti ke avataraNoM ko eka hI kavi kI kRti mAnane se kavi kI ekatA mAneM to svayaMbhU mAuradeva brAhmaNa ke putra evaM tribhuvana ke pitA haiM / ATha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta isa kRti ke prathama adhyAya ke kucha patra aprApya haiM / dvitIya adhyAya meM ardhasama tathA tRtIya adhyAya meM viSama chandoM kA varNana hai| caturtha se aSTama taka apabhraMza ke chandoM kI carcA hai / kavi ne saMskRta chandoM ko bhI prAkRta meM prayukta kara unake udAharaNa prAkRta racanAoM se diye haiN| vRttajAtisamuccaya prAkRta padyoM meM racI huI isa racanA ke nAmAntara kavi siddha bhI hai / isake racayitA virahAMka yA virahalAMchana hai / siddhahemavyAkaraNa meM isameM prayukta do kiyA gayA hai jo isakI prAmANikatA kI kasauTI hai| - siddha evaM chandovicita prAkRta padyoM ko uddhRta yaha grantha chaH niyamoM meM vibhakta hai / pA~caveM niyama ko chor3akara zeSa pA~ca niyamoM meM prAkRta chandoM kA hI vizleSaNa hai / pA~caveM niyama meM saMskRta chanda haiN| chaThe niyama meM eka koSThaka meM dUriyoM kA mAna diyA haiM, jo isa prakAra hai 4 aMgula = 1 rAma, 3 rAma = 1 vitasti, 2 vitasti = 1 hAtha, 2 hAtha = 1 dhanurdhara, 2000 dhanurdhara = 1 koza, 8 koza = 1 yojana | isa grantha para vRtti nAma se cakrapAla ke putra gopAla ne TIkA likhI hai, jisameM kAtyAyana, bharata, kambala aura azvatara kA smaraNa hai / chandaH koza - ratnazekharasUri dvArA racita isa racanA meM kula 74 padya haiN| prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha isa kRti meM 5 se 50 taka ke padya apabhraMza bhASA meM likhe gaye haiM / prAkRta chandoM ke lakSaNa vistAra se diye haiM / isa kRti para candrakItiri ne vRti evaM amarakItisUri ne vAtAvabodha nAmaka TIkA kI isa grantha ko AdhAra banAkara chandakadalI evaM chandastatva kI bhI racanA huI /
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________________ jaina chandazAstra paramparA jainetara chanda granthoM para TokAyeM jaina kaviyoM ne uparyukta padoM para to TIkAe~ likhI hI hai, sAtha hI saMskRta sAhitya meM samAhRta anya kaviyoM kI chanda sambandhI racanAoM para bhI unakI lekhanI calI hai| unameM se pramukha nimna haiM chandovidyA - isa grantha ke racayitA kavi rAjamalla the / chandazAstra para inakA asAdhAraNa adhikAra thaa| inakA janma 16vIM zatAbdI meM mAnA jAtA hai| yaha apane DhaMga kA anUThA grantha hai / yaha saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza aura hindI meM nivaddha hai| isameM se 64 padyoM meM chandazAstra ke niyama- upaniyama batAye gaye haiM / yaha grantha abhI aprakAzita hai| kavi rAjamalla ne (1) lATI saMhitA, (2) jambUsvAmIcarita, (3) adhyAtmakamalamArtaNDa evaM (4) paMcAdhyAyI kI racanA kI hai| piMgala ziromaNi - piMgalagiromaNi nAmaka chanda viSayaka grantha kI racanA muni kuzalalAbha ne kI hai| isa grantha kI racanA kA samaya vi0 saM0 1575 batAyA gayA hai| ATha adhyAya meM vibhakta isa grantha meM adholikhita viSaya vargIkRta haiM- 437 (1) vargAvarNachandasaMjJAkathana ( 2-3) chandonirUpaNa (4) mAtrAprakaraNa ( 5 ) vargaprastAra ( 6 ) alaMkAravarNana (7) nAmamAlA aura (5) gIta prakaraNa --*--*--*-- AryAsaMkhyA uddiSTa naSTa vartana vidhi - upAdhyAya samayasundara ne isa grantha kI racanA kI haiN| isameM AryAchanda kI saMkhyA aura uddiSTa naSTa viSayoM kI carcA kI hai| isakA Arambha isa prakAra hai jagagavihInA viSame catvAraH paMcapuji caturmAtrA dvau vaSThAviti jagaNAstadhAtAt prayamadalasaMkhyA // 17vIM zatAbdI meM vidyamAna upAdhyAya gamasundara ne saMskRta aura jUnI gujarAtI meM aneka granthoM kI racanA kI hai| zrutabodha - kucha vidvAn 'zrutabodha' ke karttA vararuci ko aura kucha kAlidAsa ko mAnate haiM / yaha zIghra hI kaMThastha ho sake aisI sarala aura upayogI 44 padoM kI choTI-sI kRti apanI patnI ko sambodhita karake likhI gayI hai / chandoM ke lakSaNa unhIM chandoM meM diye gaye haiM, jinake ve lakSaNa haiN| isameM ATha gaNoM evaM guru laghu varNoM ke lakSaNa ko batAkara AryA Adi chandoM se prArambha kara yati kA nirdeza karate hue samavRttoM ke lakSaNa batAye haiM / zrImannAgapurIyapUrvaka tapAgacchAmbujAhaskarAH sUrIndrA: [ candra ] kIrtiguruvau vizvatrayovizrutAH / tatpadAmbuprasAda parataH moharSakotvadvayopAdhyAyaH zrutabodha vRttimakarod bAlAvabodhAya vai / / isa kRti para harSakIrtisUri ne vikrama kI 17vIM zatAbdI meM vRtti kI racanA kI hai| TIkA ke anta meM vRttikAra ne isa prakAra paricaya diyA hai-- - (1) AsaDa nAmaka kavi ne vRttaratnAkara para 'upAdhyAya nirapekSA' nAmaka vRtti kI racanA kI hai / (2) somacandragaNi ne vi0 saM0 1326 meM vRttaratnAkara para hemacandra ke chando'nuzAsana para svopajJa vRtti ke udAharaNa liye haiN| vRttaratnAkara - chandaziromaNi kedAra bhaTTa ne isa grantha kI racanA san 1000 ke Asa-pAsa kI hai / yaha kRti ( 1 ) saMjJA (2) mAtrAsUtra ( 3 ) samavRtta (4) ardhasamavRtta (5) viSamavRtta aura (6) prastAra, ina cha: adhyAyoM maiM vibhakta hai| isa para jaina lekhakoM ne nimnalikhita TIkAe~ kI hai vRtti kI racanA kI thii| isameM unhoMne AcArya TIkAkAra ne apanA paricaya isa prakAra diyA hai- .
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________________ 438 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : paMcama khaNDa . .....-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.. bAdI zrI devasUrirgaNagaganavidhau vibhrataH zAradAyAH, nAma pratyakSapUrva sujayapadabhRtau maGgalAhvasya sUreH / pAdadvandvA ravinde'mbumadhupahite bhaMga bhuMgI vadhAno, vRtti sobho'bhirAmAmakRta kRtibhRtAM vRtaratnAkarasya / (3)muni kSemahaMsa ne isa para Tippana kI racanA kI hai| ye vi0 15vIM zatAbdI meM vidyamAna the| (4) amarakIti aura unake ziSya yazakIrti ne isa para vRtti kI racanA kI hai| (5) merUsundarasUri ne isa para bAlAvabodha kI racanA kI hai| ye 16vIM zatAbdI meM vidyamAna the| (6) upAdhyAya samayasundaragaNi ne isa vRtti kI racanA vi0 saM0 1964 meM kI hai| isake anta meM vRttikAra ne apanA paricaya isa prakAra diyA hai vRttaratnAkare vRtti gaNiH smysundrH| SaSThAdhyAyasya saMbaddhA pUrNIcakre prayatnataH // 1 // saMvati vidhimukhaH nidhi-rasa zazisaMkhye dIpaparva divase ca / jAloranAmanagare luNiyA kasalApitasthAne // 2 // zrImat kharataragacche zrI jinacandrasUrayaH / / teSAM sakalacandrAkhyo vineyo prathamo'bhavat // 3 // tacchiSyasamayasundaraH sattAM vRtti cakAra sugatarAm / zrIjinasAgarasUripravare gacchAdhirAje'smin // 4 // isa prakAra anyAnya granthoM meM bhI chanda viSayaka racanAe~ apUrNa rUpa se milatI haiN| isa viSaya para abhI zodha kI AvazyakatA hai, jisase ki jaina sAhitya pallavita evaM puSpita ho ske|