Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ jaina apabhraMza kathA-sAhitya kA mUlyAMkana madhyakAla kI sAhityika pravRttiyoM ke udbhava tathA bhAratIya sabhyatA evaM saMskRti ko khojane kI jijJAsA se aneka vidvAnoM ne apabhraMza sAhitya kA gUr3ha adhyayana kiyA hai| inameM pramukha rUpa se zrI nAthUrAma premI, DA0 hIrAlAla jaina, DA0 harivaMza kochar3a, DA0 nAmavara siMha, DA0 devendrakumAra jaina, DA0 devendrakumAra zAstrI, DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhyAya, DA0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, DA0 harivallabha bhAyANI DA0 hajArIprasAda dvivedI Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| apabhraMza sAhitya kA vikAsa I0 pUrva 300 se 18 vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha taka hotA rahA hai| apabhraMza bhASA meM pracura sAhitya kI racanA huI hai| apabhraMza kAvya ko mukhya rUpa se do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai'-- 1. prabandha kAvya, 2. muktaka kAvya / prabandha kAvya ko tIna bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai- (1) mahAkAvya, (2) ekArthaM kAvya, aura ( 3 ) khaNDa kAvya / mahAkAvya ko cAra bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai-- (ka) purANakAvya, (kha) caritakAvya, (ga) kathAkAvya, aura (gha) aitihAsika kAvya / kathAkAvya ko tIna bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai - ( 1 ) premAkhyAna kathAkAvya, (2) vRttamAhAtmyamUlaka kathAkAvya, (3) upadezAtmaka kathAkAvya / muktaka-kAvya ko cAra bhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA hai - (1) gIti-kAvya, (2) dohA-kAvya, (3) caupaI-kAvya, (4) phuTakara kAvya (svIja-pUjA Adi) / apakSaya sAhitya pradhAna rUpa se dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika hai| usameM vIra aura zrRMgArarasa ko bhI yathocita abhivyakti huI hai| zAntarasa kA jaisA nirUpaNa apabhraMza sAhitya meM milatA hai, vaisA anyatra milanA durlabha hai| vizeSa rUpa se jaina muniyoM ke sAhitya meM zAnta rasa kA svAnubhUta varNana milatA hai| apabhraMza meM laukika rasa kA bhI acchA nirUpaNa huA hai / yahAM hamArA pratipAdya viSaya apabhraMza ke kathA-sAhitya kA hI mUlyAMkana karanA hai / ataH saMkSepa meM apabhraMza ke kathA-kAvya para hI zrI mAnamala kudAla prakAza DAlA jAegA / kAvya kI bhAva-bhUmi para apabhraMza ke kathA- kAvyoM meM loka-kathAoM kA sAhityika rUpa meM kinhIM abhiprAyoM ke sAtha varNana kiyA gayA lakSita hotA hai| loka-jIvana ke vividha tattva ina kathAkAvyoM meM sahaja hI anusyUta haiN| kyA kathA, kyA bhAva aura kyA chanda aura zailI sabhI lokadharmI jIvana ke aMga jAna par3ate haiM / ataH kathA - kAvya kA nAyaka Adarza puruSa hI nahIM, rAjA, rAjakumAra, vaNika, rAjapUta Adi koI bhI sAdhAraNa puruSa apane puruSArtha se agrasara ho apane vyaktitva tathA guNoM ko prakaTa kara yazasvI parilakSita hotA hai| eka ubharatA huA vyaktitva sAmAnya rUpa se sabhI kathA - kAvyoM meM dikhAI par3atA hai / apabhraMza ke ina kathA - kAvyoM ke adhyayana se jahAM sAmAjika yathArthatA kA parijJAna hotA hai, vahIM dhArmika vAtAvaraNa meM tathA itihAsa ke pariprekSya meM jAtIyatA aura paramparA kA bhI bodha hotA hai / apabhraMza ke vizuddha pramukha kathA kAvya nimnalikhita haiM -- 1. bhavisayatakA - dhanapAla ) 2. jinadattakathA - ( lAbU) 3. vilAsavatI kathA ( siddha sAdhAraNa ) 1. DA0 devendrakumAra zAstrI "bhavisayata kahA tathA apabhraMza kathA kAvya", pR0 61. : 2. devendrakumAra zAstrI "apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI zodha pravRttiyA~", pR0 34. jaina sAhityAnuzIlana 107
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 4. zrIpAla kathA -(raidhU) 5. siddhacakra kathA -(narasena) 6. saptavyasana varjana kathA-(paM0 mANikyacandra) 7. bhaviSyadatta kathA -(vibudha zrIdhara) 8. sukumAla caritra -(zrIdhara) 6. sanatkumAra caritra -(haribhadra sUri) 10. zrIpAla caritra -(dAmodara) 11. hariSeNa caritra / ityAdi apabhraza kA kathA-sAhitya prAkRta kI hI bhA~ti pracura tathA samRddha hai| aneka choTI-choTI kathAeM vrata-sambandhI AkhyAnoM ko lekara yA dhArmika prabhAva banAne ke lie lokAkhyAnoM ke AdhAra para racI gayI haiN| akelI ravivrata-kathA ke saMbaMdha meM alaga-alaga vidvAnoM kI lagabhaga eka darjana racanAeM milatI haiM / kevala bhaTTAraka guNabhadra racita satraha kathAeM upalabdha haiN| isI prakAra paM0 sAdhAraNa kI ATha kathAeM tathA mani bAlacandra kI tIna evaM muni vinayacandra kI tIna kathAeM milatI haiN| apabhraMza kathA koSa ke antargata kaI ajJAta racanAeM dekhane ko milatI zrIcanda kA kathA-koSa prasiddha hI hai| isake atirikta AgarA-sthita di0 jaina-mandira, dhUliyAgaMja meM, jayapura tathA dillI meM bhI ajJAtanAmA apabhraza kathA-koSa milate haiN| yadi ina sabakI chAnabIna kI jAe to lagabhaga eka sau se bhI adhika svatantra kathAtmaka racanAeM upalabdha hotI haiN| inake atirikta AcArya nemicandra sUri viracita 'AkhyAnamaNikoSa' meM varNita tathA mahezvara sUri kRta 'saMgamamaJjarI' kI TIkA meM evaM mAnasUri kRta 'manoramA caritra' meM bhI apabhraza kI prAkRta-apabhraza mizrita kaI kathAeM haiN| abhI taka isa samagra kathA sAhitya kA sarvekSaNa tathA anuzIlana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti kI anusandhAnAtmaka dizA meM pravRtta vidvAnoM ko ina kathAoM kA adhyayana bhI karanA cAhie, jisase madhyakAlIna bhAratIya sabhyatA evaM saMskRti ke katipaya navIna tathya bhI prakAzita ho skeNge| aba hama apabhraza ke uparokta kathA-kAvyoM ke mAdhyama se sAhitya ke vibhinna sopAna-vastu-varNana, rasa-siddhi, aMlakAra-yojanA. chanda-yojanA, prakRti-citraNa Adi kA varNana karate hue sAhitya meM varNita samAja aura saMskRti kI dRSTi se isakA mUlyAMkana kreNge| apabhraMza kathA-kAvyoM kA vastu-varNana-apabhraMza ke kathA-kAvyoM meM vastu-varNana kaI rUpoM meM milatA hai| kahIM paramparAyukta vastuparigaNana, vattAtmaka zailI ko apanAyA hai, kahIM lokapracalita zailI meM bhI jana-jIvana kA svAbhAvika citraNa kara loka-pravRtti kA paricaya diyA hai| paramparAgata barNanoM meM nagara-varNana, nakhazikha-varNana, vana-varNana, prakRti-varNana dRSTigocara hote haiM / kahIM-kahIM saMzliSTa yojanA dvArA sajIvatA sahaja rUpa meM pratibimbita hai| kaI mArmika sthaloM kI yathocita saMyojanA kathA-kAvya meM rasAtmakatA se ota-prota hai| ghaTanA-varNanoM ke bIca aneka mArmika sthaloM kI niyojanA svAbhAvika rUpa se huI hai| kucha kathA-kAvyoM ke udAharaNa dRSTavya haiMbhavisayattakahA meM yuddha-varNana kavi dhanapAla ne bhavisayattakahA meM yuddha-varNana atyanta vistAra se kiyA hai / ghanaghora yuddha kA sajIva varNana nIce kI paMktiyoM meM atyanta sajala hai 'harikha rakhuraNakhoNI khaNaMtu gayapAyapahAri ghrdrmlNtu| haNu rAri rAri karayalu karAlu saNNaddhabaddha bhaDathaDavamAlu / taM Niivi saghaNa ahimuhu calaMtu dhAiu kuranasAhaNu pddikhlNtu| (bha. ka. 14, 13) vilAsavatI kathA meM saMgrAma kI sthiti meM donoM (haMsa aura haMsI) viraha ke vega se karuNa svara meM kUkate haiN| unakA khAnA-pInA chUTa jAtA hai aura cintA se vikala hokara mRtyu kA AliMgana karane ke lie tatpara ho jAte haiM 'tA garuya viraha veyaNa vaseNa, kUvati dovi karuNai sareNa / AhArana na icchAhiM maraNahaM bachAhi khaNu acchAhiM citaaviyii| (11, 15) jinadattAkhyAna meM prakRti-varNana ke antargata rAtri ke varNana kA eka dRzya draSTavya hai "NaM NisA NisAyarohiM phullasoha NaM riihiN| gehi gehi dijjayaMti dIva je tamoha haMti / tAva caMdiyA sameu caMda uggau sateu / loyaNANa te asohu bhaMji ghalliu tmohu|" AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana prantha
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ bhAva vyaJjanA bhAva - vyaJjanA kI dRSTi se mAnavIya prema kI pratiSThA tathA lokavyApI sukha-duHkhamaya ghAta-pratighAtoM ke bIca saMyoga aura viyoga kI nivRtti evaM paramapada kI prApti samAna rUpa se sabhI kathA - kAvyoM meM varNita hai / bhavisayattakahA meM yadi mAtA aura putra kA amita sneha ApyAyita hai to vilAsavatI kathA meM nAyaka aura nAyikA ke sacce evaM pavitra prema kI utkRSTatA tathA zrIpAla aura siddhacatrakathA meM manuSya kI bhogalipsA aura nArI ke avadAna prema kI kathA varNita hai / ataeva saMyoga aura viyoga kI vibhinna sthitiyoM meM mAnasika dazAoM kA sahaja citraNa huA hai / AtmagarhA, glAni, pazcAttApa, vismaya, utsAha, krodha, bhaya Adi aneka bhAvoM kA saMcaraNa vibhinna praMsagoM meM lakSita hotA hai / pati zrIpAla ke samudra meM girA diye jAne para vimukta ratnamaMjUSA jahAM pati ke guNoM kA smaraNa kara unakI yAda karatI hai, vahIM mAtA-pitA aura apane bhAgya ko kosatI hai| vaha kahatI hai- "mere pitA ne nimita jJAnI ke kahane se merA vivAha paradeza meM kyoM kiyA ?" akelI bhavisayata kahA meM manovaijJAnika pariva, nATakIyatA, pravAha evaM pitA tathA hAva-bhAvoM kA pradarzana saMvAdoM meM suniyojita hai / kisI-kisI kathA kAvya meM sthAnIya raMgInI bhI dekhI jAtI hai-- "karaNa kAja therI AraDavi, kAhe kAraNi palAve karahi / kisa kAraNa dukha gharahi sarIrana, vegi kahehi iu jaMpara vIrana / " alaMkAra-yojanA apabhra Mza ke kathA-kAvyoM meM upamA, sandeha, bhrAMtimAna, utprekSA, dRSTAnta, nidarzanA, zleSa, smaraNa, rUpaka, vyatireka, prativastUpamA, udAharaNa, svabhAvokti, vinoSita arthAntaranyAsa anumAna, kAvyaliMga, parisaMkhyA, vibhAvanA, vizeSokti, samAsokti, atizayokti, aprastutaprazaMsA yathAsasya Adi aMlakAra dRSTigata hote haiN| kucha alaMkAroM ke udAharaNa dRSTavya haiM (jina0 0 206) "haTTa maggu kulasIla Niutahi soha Na dei rahiu vaNiutta' (bha0ka0 vinokti ) 'saDiya taralavijjula sahi me palayakAlu gajjita ghaNeha (vilA. ka. 6.24) ' svarUpotprekSA 'duNNayaNaya cakkAsaNi sacakka paNavevi cakkesari NayaNicakka ( jinadata kathA - yamaka ) pAmi vivi usadesahaM kahi baca diSNa para esaha leNa kahi kahi nimitta so ma jyu vihAya puttiya (si. ka. narasena) 1,42 caritra-citraNa caritra-citraNa meM apabhraMza kathA- kAvyoM ke lekhakoM meM dhanapAla, lAkhU aura sAdhAraNa siddhasena ko jitanI saphalatA milI hai, utanI anya kisI kathAkAvyakAra ko nahIM / kathAkAvya ke lekhakoM ne sAmAnya vyakti ko nAyaka banAkara usake jIvana ke carama utkarSa kI saraNi pradarzita kI hai / kathA kAvyoM meM jahAM yathArtha se Adarza kI ora bar3hane tathA jIvana ke carama lakSya kI prApti kA sandeza nihita hai, vahIM janasAmAnya kI mAMgalika bhAvanAoM kI madhura abhivyaJjanA hai| sAmAnya rUpa se ina kathA - kAvyoM meM jIvana ke ghora duHkhoM ke bIca unnati kA mArga pradarzita hai, jisa para calakara koI bhI vyakti sukha evaM mukti ko prApta kara sakatA hai / saMvAda-saMracanA apabhraMza ke kathAkAvyoM meM saMvAda - saMracanA kaI rUpoM meM milatI hai| yadi jinadatta-kathA ke saMvAda alaMkRta haiM aura gIti-zailI meM kahIM kahIM varNita haiM to bhavisayattakahA meM sarala, svAbhAvika aura sajIva haiM / prAyaH sabhI kathAkAvyoM meM saMvAdoM kI madhuratA aura sarasatA lakSita hotI hai / bar3e aura choTe donoM prakAra ke saMvAda ina kathA - kAvyoM meM milate haiN| sabhI kathAkAvyoM meM vAtAvaraNa tathA dRzyoM ke bIca saMvAdoM kI yojanA huI hai| chanda yojanA apabhraMza ke kathA-kAvyoM meM mukhya rUpa se mAtrika chanda prayukta hai / yadyapi vaidika chanda tAla aura saMgIta para AdhArita hai, para unameM akSara pradhAna haiN| unakA AdhAra gaNa, mAtrA aura svarAghAta hai / aura isIlie niyata akSaroM meM Akalita hone se use 'vRtta' kahA jAtA jaina sAhityAnuzIlana 106
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ hai| kintu niyata mAtrA vAlA padya 'jAti' meM kahA gayA hai| AcArya hemacandra ke mata meM chanda kA artha bandha aura eka akSara se lekara chabbIsa akSara taka kI jAti kI sAmAnya saMjJA 'chanda' hai| yadi sAhityika racanA-zailiyoM kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAya to kaI prAkRta kI tathA loka-pracalita gIta evaM saMvAdamulaka zailiyAM apabhraza ke ina kathA-kAvyoM meM dekhI jA sakatI haiM / apabhraza ke pratyeka kathA-kAvya meM kaI prakAra ke gIta milate haiM jo loka pracalita zailI meM likhe gaye jAna par3ate haiM / ataeva isa prakAra ke gItoM meM bhAva aura bhASA kI banAvaTa na hokara lokagItoM kA mAdharya aura pravAha laya para AdhArita hai| udAharaNa ke lie 'rasaMta kaMta sArasaM ramata nIra mANusaM su ucchalata macchayaM visAla nIla kacchayaM vilola lola nakkayaM phuraMta cAru cakkayaM khuData patta kesaraM paloiyaM mahAsara' (vilA. kahA 5,15) saMskRta ke vikramorvazIya nATaka meM apabhraza ke prasiddha carcarI gIta kA ullekha hI nahIM, udAharaNa bhI milate haiM, jaise 'gandhummAi amahuara goehiM vajjatehi parahuturehiM / pasaria pavaNhuvvelia pallavaNiaru, sulAliaviviha paArohiM Naccai kappaaru / ' (4,12) lalitAchanda kA eka udAharaNa dRSTavya hai siMdUrAruNavaNNo diNayaru amiyau, nahayala rukkhaha nAi pakkau phalu pniyu|' (vilAsavatI-kathA) bhASA jinadatta kathA ko chor3a kara apabhraza ke kathAkAvyoM kI bhASA sarala tathA zAstra aura loka ke bIca kI mizrita bhASA hai| prayukta bhASA meM bolacAla ke zabda, muhAvare, lokoktiyoM evaM sUktiyoM ke samAveza ke sAtha hI saMskRtaniSTha athavA saMskRta se bane yA bigar3e hae zabdoM kI pracuratA hai / jinadatta kathA meM zabdoM kI tor3a-maror3a adhika milatI hai lekina vikRta zabdoM meM saMskRti se Agata zabdoM kA hI bAhalya dRSTigocara hotA hai| udAharaNa ke lie nimna zabda dekhe jA sakate haiM sappasUNu (saprasUna), icchAi (ityAdi), NisADaya (candramA), aDai (aTavI), saMmataM (saMbhrAnta), iMgiva (iMgita), vatta (vastra), koya (koka) Adi / isake alAvA zabda-rUpa aura vAkya-racanA tathA sarvanAma-zabdoM para bhI saMskRta kA prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| ukta vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki apabhraza ke kathAkAvyoM meM jahAM eka ora saMskRta se prabhAvita bhASA milatI hai, vahIM dUsarI ora bolacAla kI bhI bAnagI milatI hai, jise dekhakara sahaja meM hI yaha nizcaya ho jAtA hai ki apabhraza samaya-samaya para loka-boliyoM kA AMcala pakar3akara vikasita huI hai| apabhraza yuga meM saMskRta aura prAkRta sAhitya kI bahumukhI unnati hone se yaha svAbhAvika hI thA ki apabhraza ke kavi saMskRta ke zabda-rUpoM se apabhraza ko samRddha banAkara usakA sAhitya saMskRta-sAhitya ke samakakSa rcte| vastutaH apabhraMza bhASA meM tatsama zabdoM kI apekSA tadbhava aura dezaja zabdoM kA prAdhAnya hai| zailI apabhraza ke kathA kAvya prabandha kAvyoM kI bhAMti sandhibaddha hai| kama se kama do tathA adhika se adhika 22 sandhiyoM meM nibaddha kathA-kAvya upalabdha hote haiN| inameM sandhiyoM kI racanA kar3avakoM meM huI hai| kar3avaka ke anta meM ghalA dene kA vidhAna milatA hai| yadyapi apabhraMza kAvya sandhiyoM meM kar3avakabaddha milate haiM, kintu kar3avakoM kI racanA meM niyata paMktiyoM kA paripAlana nahIM dekhA jAtA hai| AcArya svayaMbhU ke anusAra eka kar3avaka meM 8 yamaka evaM 16 paMktiyAM honI caahie| lekina 8 paMktiyoM se lekara 24 paMktiyoM taka ke kar3avaka kathA kAvyoM meM prApta hote haiN| isI prakAra prabandha kAvya ke lie kar3avakoM kI saMkhyA kA na to koI niyama milatA hai aura na vidhAna hii| kintu sAmAnyata: eka sandhi meM 10 se 14 ke bIca kar3avakoM kI saMkhyA milatI hai| apabhraza ke kathA-kAvyoM meM kama se kama 11 aura adhika se adhika 46 kar3avaka prayukta haiN| 110 AcAryaratna zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja abhinandana grantha
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ loka-jIvana aura saMskRti (ka) dhArmika vizvAsa-apabhraza ke sabhI kathA-kAvya jaina-kaviyoM dvArA racita haiN| isalie yaha svAbhAvika hI hai ki inameM 24 tIrthaMkaroM kA stavana tathA unake dvArA nirdiSTa dharma kA svarUpa evaM mokSa-prApti kA upAya vaNita hai| kintu madhyakAlIna devI-devatA viSayaka mAnyatAoM kA ullekha bhI ina kAvyoM meM milatA hai| yahI nahIM, jala (varuNa) devatA kA pUjana, jala devatA kA pratyakSa honA, saMkaTa par3ane para devI-devatAoM dvArA saMkaTa-nivAraNa Adi dhArmika-vizvAsa kathAoM meM lipaTe hue parilakSita hote haiN| (kha) zakuna-apazakuna-apabhraza ke kathA-kAvyoM meM zakuna-apazakuna tathA svapna sambandhI vizvAsa lagabhaga sabhI racanAoM meM milate haiM / bhavisayatta kathA meM jaba bhaviSyadatta menAgadvIpa meM akelA chor3a diyA jAtA hai, taba vaha vana meM bhaTakatA huA thakakara so jAtA hai| dUsare dina vaha phira Age bar3hatA hai tabhI use zubha zakuna hone lagate haiM (bha0 ka0 3, 5) / vilAsavai kathA meM bhI zakuna kA varNana hai "etahi sArasu khu vitthriyu| iya citatahaM sumiNa paoyaNu-dAhiNa vAdu phuriu taha loyaNu / sahaNa satthu aNukUlau dIsai, ranne vi kannaya lAhu payAsai // " (5, 24) (ga) jAti-sambandhI--apabhraza kI ina kathAoM meM jAti-viSayaka sAmAnya vizvAsa bhI milate haiN| ina vizvAsoM meM mukhya haiMrAta ko bhojana na karanA, deva-darzana evaM pUjana ke binA subaha uThakara bhojana na karanA, vividha deva-deviyoM kI pUjA karanA aura vRtta-vidhAna kA pAlana karanA aadi| (gha) sAmAjika AcAra-vicAra-apabhraMza kathA-kAvyoM meM sAmAjika AcAra-vicAroM kA jahAM-tahAM samAveza huA hai| dohalA hone para sabhI kI manokAmanAeM pUrNa kI jAtI thiiN| bAlaka-janma kA mahotsava kiyA jAtA thaa| vivAha kA kArya prAyaH brAhmaNa loga karate the| prema-vivAha bhI hote the| vilAsavatI kA sanatkumAra ke sAtha aisA hI prema-vivAha haA thA / vivAha-kArya pramukha sAmAjika utsava ke rUpa meM kiye jAte the| jala-bihAra, jala-krIr3A, vana-vihAra hote the| rAjapUtakAlIna prabhAva bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai| AkheTa-krIr3A karanA, bali denA, zUlI para car3hAnA Adi bAteM apabhraza ke kathA-kAvyoM meM nahIM miltii| apabhraMza sAhitya hindI ke lie amRta kI cUMTa ke samAna hai| isakA kAraNa spaSTa hai| bhASA kI dRSTi se apabhraMza sAhitya prAcIna hindI kA eka mahattvapUrNa mor3a prastuta karatA hai| jaba prAkRta bhASA ke ati utkarSa ke bAda janatA kA samparka janapadIya saMskRti se huA aura use sAhityika mAnyatA prApta huI, taba apabhraMza bhASA sAhityika racanA ke yogya kara lI gaI / apabhraza evaM avahaTTa bhASA ne jo adbhuta vistAra prApta kiyA usakI kucha kalpanA jaina bhaMDAroM meM surakSita sAhitya se hotI hai| apabhraza bhASA ke kucha hI grantha mudrita hokara prakAza meM Aye haiM / aura bhI saikar3oM grantha abhI taka bhaMDAroM meM surakSita haiM evaM hindI ke vidvAnoM dvArA prakAza meM Ane kI bATa dekha rahe haiM / apabhraMza sAhitya ne hindI ke na kevala bhASA rUpa sAhitya ko samRddha banAyA, apitu unake kAvyarUpoM tathA kathAnakoM ko bhI puSpita evaM pallavita kiyA / ina tattvoM kA samyak adhyApana abhI taka nahIM huA hai, jo hindI ke sayogapUrNa sAhitya ke lie Avazyaka hai kyoMki prAcIna hindI sahasroM zabdoM kI vyutpatti aura artha apabhraMza bhASA meM surakSita hai| isI ke sAtha-sAtha apabhraza kAlIna samasta sAhitya kA eka vizada itihAsa likhe jAne kI AvazyakatA abhI banI huI hai| (DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla : paM0 paramAnanda jaina zAstrI kI pustaka jaina-graMtha-prazastisaMgraha ke prAkkathana ke aMzoM se saMkalita / ) jaina sAhityAnuzIlana