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________________ jaina AgamoM meM mUlyAtmaka pro0 sAgaramala jaina panapa rahI hai, usakA kAraNa zikSA kI yahI galata dizA hI hai| hama zikSA ke mAdhyama se vyakti ko sUcanAoM se bhara dete haiM, kintu usake vyaktitva kA nirmANa nahIM karate haiN| vastuta: Aja zikSA kA uddezya hI upekSita hai| Aja zikSaka aura zikSArthI, zAsaka aura samAja koI bhI yaha nahIM jAnatA ki hama kyoM par3ha rahe haiM aura kyoM par3hA rahe haiM? yadi vaha jAnatA bhI hai to yA to vaha udAsIna hai yA phira apane ko akarmaNyatA kI sthiti meM pAtA hai| Aja zikSA ke kSetra meM sarvatra arAjakatA hai| isa arAjakatA yA dizAhInatA kI sthiti ke sambandha meM bhI jo kucha cintana huA hai, use zikSA ko AjIvikA se jor3ane ke atirikta kucha nahIM huaa| vartamAna meM rojagAronmukha zikSA na hone se hI Aja samAja meM azAnti hai, kintu merI dRSTi meM vartamAna sAmAjika saMgharSa aura tanAva kA kAraNa vyakti kA jIvana ke uddezyoM yA mUlyoM ke sambandha meM ajJAna yA galata dRSTikoNa hI hai| svArthaparaka bhautikavAdI jIvana-dRSTi hI samasta mAnavIya du:khoM kA mUla hai| sabase pahale hameM yaha nizcaya karanA hogA ki hamArI zikSA kA prayojana kyA hai? yadi yaha kahA jAya ki zikSA kA prayojana rojI-roTI kamAne yA mAtra udarapUrti ke yogya banA denA hai, to yaha eka bhrAnta dhAraNA hogii| kyoMki rojI-roTI kI vyavasthA to vartamAna yuga jJAna-vijJAna kA yuga hai| mAtra bIsavIM sadI meM azikSita bhI kara letA hai| pazu-pakSI bhI to apanA peTa bharate jJAna-vijJAna ke kSetra meM jitanA vikAsa huA, utanA vikAsa hI haiN| ata: zikSA ko rojI-roTI se jor3anA galata hai| yaha satya mAnavajAti ke astitva kI sahastroM zatAbdiyoM meM nahIM huA thA, hai ki binA roTI ke manuSya kA kAma nahIM cala sktaa| daihika Aja jJAna-vijJAna kI zikSA evaM zodhakArya meM saMlagna sahasroM jIvana mUlyoM meM udarapUrti vyakti kI prAthamika AvazyakatA hai, vizvavidyAlayoM, mahAvidyAlayoM aura zodha-kendra hai| yaha satya hai isase iMkAra bhI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu ise hI zikSA ki Aja manuSya ne bhautika jagata ke sambandha meM sUkSmatama jJAna kA "atha aura iti" nahIM banAyA jA sakatA, kyoMki yaha kArya prApta kara liyA hai| Aja usane paramANu ko vikhaNDita kara zikSA ke abhAva meM bhI sambhava hai| yadi udarapUrti/AjIvikA arjana hI jIvana kA eka mAtra lakSya ho to phira manuSya pazu se usameM nihita aparimita zakti ko pahacAna liyA hai, kintu yaha bhinna nahIM hogaa| kahA bhI haidurbhAgya hI hai ki zikSA evaM zodha ke ina vividha upakramoM ke mAdhyama se hama eka sabhya, susaMskRta evaM zAntipriya mAnava "AhAra nidrA bhaya maithunaM ca sAmAnyametada pazubhi: nraannaam| samAja kI racanA nahIM kara ske| jJAno hi teSAmadhiko vizeSo jJAnenahInA nara pazubhiH smaanaa|" vastutaH Aja kI zikSA hameM bAhya jagata aura dUsaroM ke puna: yadi yaha kahA jAya ki zikSA kA uddezya manuSya ko sambandha meM bahuta kucha jAnakArI pradAna kara detI hai, kintu una adhika sukha-suvidhA pUrNa jIvana-jIne yogya banAnA hai, to use bhI ucca jIvana mUlyoM ke sambandha meM vaha mauna hI hai, jo eka susabhya hama zikSA kA uddezya nahIM kaha skte| kyoMki manuSya ke duHkha samAja ke liye Avazyaka hai| Aja zikSA ke mAdhyama se hama ja zikSA ke mAdhyama se hama aura pIr3Ae~ bhautika yA daihika stara kI hI nahIM hai, ve mAnasika vidyArthiyoM ko sUcanAoM se to bhara dete haiM, kintu unheM jIvana ke stara kI bhI haiN| satya to yaha hai ki svArthaparatA, bhogAkAMkSA aura uddezyoM aura jIvana mUlyoM ke sandarbha meM hama koI jAnakArI nahIM tRSNAjanya mAnasika pIr3Ae~ hI adhika kaSTakara haiM, ve hI dete haiN| Aja samAja meM jo svArthaparatAjanya, saMgharSa aura hiMsA mAnavajAti meM bhaya evaM saMtrAsa kA kAraNa hai| yadi bhautika sukha suvidhAoM kA ambAra lagA dene meM hI sukha hotA hai jo Aja 0 aSTadazI / 900
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________________ amerikA (U.S.A.) jaise vikasita dezoM kA vyakti adhika hama bhUla rahe haiN| vartamAna sandarbha meM phirAka kA yaha kathana kitanA sukhI hotA, kintu hama dekhate haiM vaha saMtrAsa aura tanAva se adhika saTIka hai, jaba ve kahate haigrasta hai| yaha satya hai ki manuSya ke liye roTI Avazyaka hai, sabhI kucha ho rahA hai, isa tarakkI ke jamAne meM, lekina vahI usake jIvana kI iti nahIM hai, IsAmasIha ne ThIka hI magara kyA gajaba hai ki AdamI inasAM nahIM hotaa| kahA thA ki manuSya kevala roTI se nahIM jI sakatA hai| hama manuSya Aja kI zikSA cAhe vidyArthI ko vakIla, DAkTara, ko bhautika sukhoM kA ambAra khar3A karake bhI sukhI nahIM banA iMjIniyara Adi sabhI kucha banA rahI hai, kintu yaha nizcita hai skte| saccI zikSA vahI hai jo manuSya ko mAnasika saMtrAsa ora ki insAna nahIM banA pA rahI hai| jaba taka zikSA ko caritra nirmANa tanAva se mukta kara ske| usameM sahiSNutA,samatA, anAsakti, ke sAtha naitika evaM AdhyAtmika mUlyoM ke sAtha nahIM jor3A jAtA kartavyaparAyaNatA ke guNoM ko vikasita kara, usakI svArthaparatA hai taba taka vaha manuSya kA nirmANa nahIM kara skegii| hamArA para aMkuza lagA ske| jo zikSA manuSya meM mAnavIya mUlyoM kA prAthamika dAyitva manuSya ko manuSya banAnA hai| bAlaka ko vikAsa na kara sake use kyA zikSA kahA jA sakatA hai? yaha mAnavatA ke saMskAra denA hai| amerikA ke prabuddha vicAraka TaphTsa hamArA durbhAgya hI hai ki Aja zikSA kA sambandha "cAritra' se zikSA ke uddezya, paddhati aura svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue likhate nahI "roTI'' se jor3A jA rahA hai| Aja zikSA kI sArthakatA ko hai- "zikSA caritra nirmANa ke liye, caritra dvArA caritra kI zikSA caritra-nirmANa meM nahIM, cAlAkI (DiplomesI) meM khojA jA rahA hai| hai|'' isa prakAra unakI dRSTi meM zikSA kA atha aura iti donoM zAsana bhI isa mithyA dhAraNA se grasta hai| naitika zikSA yA caritra hI bAlakoM meM caritra nirmANa evaM susaMskAroM kA vapana hai| bhArata kI zikSA meM zAsana ko dharma kI "bU' AtI hai, use apanI kI svatantratA ke pazcAt zikSA ke svarUpa kA nirdhAraNa karane dharmanirapekSatA dUSita hotI dikhAI detI hai, kintu kyA dharma hetu suprasiddha dArzanika DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNana, suprasiddha vaijJAnika DaoN0 nirapekSatA kA artha dharmahInatA yA nItihInatA hai? maiM samajhatA hU~ daulatasiMha koThArI aura zikSA zAstrI, DA0 mudAliyara kI dharma nirapekSatA kA matalaba kevala itanA hI hai ki zAsana kisI adhyakSatAoM meM jo vibhinna Ayoga gaThita huye the una sabakA dharma vizeSa ke sAtha Abaddha nahIM rhegaa| Aja huA yaha hai ki dharma niSkarSa yahI thA ki zikSA ko mAnavIya mUlyoM se jor3A jaay| nirapekSatA ke nAma para isa deza meM zikSA ke kSetra se nIti aura jaba taka zikSA mAnavIya mUlyoM se nahIM jur3egI, usameM cAritra kI zikSA ko bhI bahiSkRta kara diyA gayA hai| cAhe hama caritranirmANa aura susaMskAroM ke vapana kA prayAsa nahIM hogA, taba apane monogrAmoM meM "sA vidyA yA vimuktaye' kI sUktiyA~ taka vidyAlayoM evaM mahAvidyAlayoM rUpI zikSA ke ina kArakhAnoM uddhRta karate hoN| kintu hamArI zikSA kA usase dUra kA bhI koI se sAkSara nahIM rAkSasa hI paidA hoNge| riztA nahIM raha gayA hai| Aja kI zikSA yojanA meM AdhyAtmika evaM naitika mUlyoM kI zikSA kA koI sthAna nahIM hai, jabaki ucca bhAratIya cintana prAcInakAla se hI isa sambandha meM sajaga zikSA evaM mAdhyamika zikSA ke sambandha meM abhI taka biThAye gaye rahA hai| aupaniSadika yuga meM hI zikSA ke uddezya ko spaSTa karate tInoM AyogoM ne apanI anuzaMsAoM meM AdhyAtmika evaM naitika hue kahA gayA thA- sA vidyA yA vimuktaye' arthAt vidyA vahI mUlyoM kI zikSA kI mahatI AvazyakatA pratipAdita kI hai| Aja jo vimukti pradAna kre| prazna ho sakatA hai ki yahA~ vimukti se kA zikSaka zikSArthI donoM hI artha ke dAsa haiN| eka ora zikSaka hamArA kyA tAtparya hai? vimukti kA tAtparya mAnavIya saMtrAsa aura isaliye nahIM par3hAtA hai ki use vidyArthI ke caritra nirmANa yA tanAvoM se mukti hai, apanatva aura mamatva ke zuddha gheroM se vikAsa meM koI ruci hai, usakI dRSTi kevala vetana divasa para / vimukti hai| mukti kA tAtparya hai- ahaMkAra, Asakti, rAga-dveSa TikI hai, vaha par3hane ke liye nahIM par3hAtA, apitu paise ke lie aura tRSNA se mukti| yahI bAta jaina Agama isibhAsiyAI par3hAtA hai| dUsarI ora zAsana, seTha aura vidyArthI use guru nahIM (RSabhAsata) meM kahA gaI hai"naukara'' samajhate haiN| jaba guru naukara hai to phira saMskAra evaM imA vijjA mahAvijjA, savvavijjANa uttmaa| caritra nirmANa kI apekSA karanA hI vyartha hai| Aja to guru ziSya jaM vijjaM sAihattANaM savvadukkhANa mucctii|| ke bIca bhAva-mola hotA hai, saudA hotA hai| cAhe hamAre prAcIna granthoM jeNa bandhaM na mokkhaM ca, jIvANaM gtiraagti| meM "vidyAyA'mRtamaznute' kI bAta kahI gaI hai ho, kintu Aja AyAbhAvaM ca jANAti, sA vijjayA dukkhmoynnii|| to vidyA arthakarI ho gayI hai| zikSA ke mUla-bhUta uddezyoM ko hI -isibhAsiyAI, 17/1-2 0 aSTadazI/910
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________________ vahI vidyA mahAvidyA hai aura vahI vidyA samasta vidyAoM meM vibhinna dRSTiyoM se vivecanA kI gayI hai| yadi usa samagra vivecanA uttama hai, jisakI sAdhanA karane se samasta duHkhoM se mukti milatI ko eka hI vAkya meM kahanA ho to jaina AcAryo kI dRSTi meM hai| vidyA duHkha mocanI hai| jaina AcAryoM ne usI vidyA ko uttama zikSA kA prayojana cittavRttiyoM evaM AcAra kI vizuddhi hai| mAnA hai jisake dvArA duHkhoM se mukti ho aura AtmA ke zuddha cittavRttiyoM kA darzana jJAna-yAtrA kA prArambha hai| AcArAMga meM maiM svarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra ho| kauna hU~? ise hI sAdhanA-yAtrA kA prArambha bindu kahA gayA hai| aba prazna yaha upasthita hai ki du:kha kyA hai aura kisa AcArAMga hI nahIM sampUrNa bhAratIya sAhitya meM Atma-jijJAsA se du:kha se mukta honA hai? yaha satya hai ki duHkha se hamArA tAtparya hI jJAna-sAdhanA kA prArambha mAnA gayA hai, upaniSada kA RSi daihika duHkhoM se bhI hotA hai, kintu ye daihika duHkha prathama to kabhI kahatA hai "AtmAnaM viddhi', AtmA ko jaano| buddha ne bhI parNatayA samApta nahIM hote kyoMki unakA kenTa hamArI cetanA "attAnaM" kahakara isI tathya kI puSTi kii| jJAtavya hai ki yahA~ na hokara hamArA zarIra hotA hai| jaina paramparA ke anusAra tIrthaMkara AtmajJAna kA tAtparya amUrta Atma tatva kI khoja nahIM, apitu apanI vItarAga dazA meM bhI daihika du:khoM se parNata: makta nahIM ho apane hI citta kI vikRtiyoM aura vAsanAoM kA darzana hai| sktaa| jaba taka deha hai kSudhA, pipAsA Adi du:kha to raheMge hii| cittavRtti aura AcAra kI vizuddhi kI prakriyA taba hI prArambha ho ata: jisa duHkha se vimukti prApta karanI hai, ve daihika nahIM sakatI hai, jaba hama apane vikAroM aura vAsanAoM ko dekheM, mAnasika hai| vyakti kI rAgAtmakatA, Asakti yA tRSNA hI eka kyoMki jaba taka citta meM vikAroM, vAsanAoM aura unake kAraNoM aisA tatva hai, jisakI upasthiti meM manuSya duHkhoM se mukti prApta ke prati sajagatA nahIM AtI taba taka caritra zuddhi kI prakriyA nahIM kara pAtA hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina AcAryoM kI dRSTi prArambha hI nahIM ho sktii| AcArAMga meM hI kahA gayA hai ki jo meM zikSA kA prayojana mAtra rojI-roTI prApta kara lenA nahIM rahA mana kA jJAtA hotA hai, vahI nirgrantha (vikAra-mukta) hai|"5 hai| jo zikSA vyakti meM AdhyAtmika Ananda yA AtmatoSa nahIM jaina AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM usa zikSA yA jJAna kA koI artha de sakatI, vaha zikSA vyartha hai| AtmatoSa hI zikSA kA samyak nahIM hai jo cAritra zuddhi yA AcAra zuddhi kI dizA meM gatizIla prayojana hai| zikSA-paddhati spaSTa karate hue "isibhAsiyAI" meM na karatA ho, isIlie sUtrakRtAMga meM spaSTa rUpa se kahA gayA hai kahA gayAhai ki jisa prakAra eka yogya cikitsaka sarvaprathama roga ki "vijjAcaraNaM pamokkha'6 arthAt vidyA aura AcaraNa se hI ko jAnatA hai phira usa roga ke kAraNoM kA nizcaya karatA hai, vimukti kI prApti hotI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM zikSA ke prayojana phira roga kI auSadhi kA nirNaya karatA hai aura phira usa auSadhi ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki zruta kI ArAdhanA se jIva dvArA roga kI cikitsA karatA hai| usI prakAra hameM sarvaprathama ajJAna kA kSaya karatA hai aura saMkleza ko prApta nahIM hotaa| manuSyoM ke du:kha ke svarUpa ko samajhanA hotA hai, tatpazcAt duHkha ise aura sSTa karate hue isI grantha meM puna: kahA gayA hai ki jisa ke kAraNoM kA vizleSaNa karake phira una kAraNoM ke nirAkaraNa prakAra dhAge se yukta suI gira jAne para bhI vinaSTa nahIM hotI hai kA upAya khojanA hotA hai aura anta meM ina upAyoM dvArA una arthAt khojI jA sakatI hai, usI prakAra zruta sampanna jIva saMsAra kAraNoM kA nirAkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| yahI bAteM jaina dharma meM meM vinaSTa nahIM hotaa| isI grantha meM anyatra yaha bhI kahA gayA hai zikSA ke prayojana evaM paddhati ko spaSTa karatI hai| samyak zikSA ki jJAna, ajJAna aura moha kA vinAza karake sarva viSayoM ko vahI hai jo mAnavIya du:khoM ke svarUpa ko samajhe, unake kAraNoM prakAzita karatA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki jJAna-sAdhanA kA prayojana kA vizleSaNa kare phira unake nirAkaraNa ke upAya khoje aura ajJAna ke sAtha-sAtha moha ko bhI samApta karanA hai| jaina AcAryoM una upAyoM kA prayoga karake duHkhoM se mukta ho| vastuta: Aja kI dRSTi meM ajJAna aura moha meM antara hai| moha anAtma viSayoM kI hamArI jo zikSA nIti hai, usameM hama isa paddhati ko nahIM ke prati Atma buddhi hai, vaha rAga yA Asakti kA udbhAvaka hai apnaate| zikSA se hamArA tAtparya mAtra bAlaka ke mastiSka ko usI se krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ina cAroM kaSAyoM kA janma sUcanAoM se bhara denA hai| jaba taka usake sAmane jIvana-mUlyoM hotA hai| ata: uttarAdhyayana ke anusAra jo vyakti kI krodha, ko spaSTa nahIM karate, taba taka hama zikSA ke prayojana ko na to mAna, mAyA Adi kI dUSita citta vRttiyoM para aMkuza lagAye, vahI samyak prakAra se samajha hI pAte haiM na manuSya ke du:khoM kA saccI zikSA hai|10 kevala vastuoM ke sandarbha meM jAnakArI prApta nirAkaraNa hI kara pAte hai| jaina AgamoM meM RSibhASita evaM kara lenA zikSA kA prayojana nahIM hai| usakA prayojana to vyakti AcArAMga se lekara prakIrNakoM taka meM zikSA ke uddezya kI ko vAsanAoM aura vikAroM se mukta karAnA hai| zikSA vyaktitva 0 aSTadazI / 920
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________________ yA caritra kA udAttIkaraNa hai| jaba taka zikSA ko kevala jAnakAriyoM taka sImita rakhA jAyegA taba taka vaha vyaktitva kI nirmAtA nahIM bana skegii| dazavaikAlika sUtra meM zikSA ke cAra uddezyoM ko spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki 1. mujhe zruta jJAna ( Agama jJAna ) prApta hogA, isalie adhyayana karanA cAhiye / 2. maiM ekAgracita hoU~gA, isalie adhyayana karanA caahiye| 3. maiM apane Apa ko dharma meM sthApita karUMgA, isalie adhyayana karanA caahiye| 4. maiM svayaM dharma meM sthita hokara dUsaroM ko dharma meM sthita karUMgA, isalie adhyayana karanA cAhiye / 11 AcaraNa kA hetu hai, mAtra vaha jJAna jo vyakti kI AcAra zuddhi kA kAraNa nahIM hotA, nirarthaka hI mAnA gayA hai| jisa prakAra zastra se rahita yoddhA aura yoddhA se rahita zastra nirarthaka hotA hai, usI prakAra se rahita AcaraNa aura AcaraNa se rahita jJAna nirarthaka hotA hai| isa prakAra dazavaikAlika ke anusAra adhyayana kA prayojana jJAna prApti ke sAtha-sAtha citta kI ekAgratA tathA dharma (sadAcAra ) meM svayaM sthita honA tathA dUsaroM ko sthita karanA mAnA gayA hai| jaina AcAryoM kI dRSTi meM jo zikSA caritra zuddhi meM sahAyaka nahIM hotI, usakA koI artha nahIM hai| caMdravedhyaka nAmaka prakIrNaka meM jJAna aura sadAcAra meM tAdAmya sthApita karate hue kahA gayA hai| ki jo vinaya hai, vahI jJAna hai aura jo jJAna hai use hI vinaya kahA jAtA hai| 12 zrutajJAna meM kuzala hetu aura kAraNa kA jAnakAra vyakti bhI yadi avinIta aura ahaMkArI hai to vaha jJAniyoM dvArA prazaMsanIya nahIM hai| 13 jo alpazruta hokara bhI vinIta hai vahI karma kA kSaya kara mukti prApta karatA hai, jo bahuzruta hokara bhI avinIta, alpazraddhA aura saMvega yukta hai vaha caritra kI ArAdhanA nahIM kara pAtA hai| 14 jisa prakAra aMdhe vyakti ke liye karor3oM dIpaka bhI nirarthaka haiM usI prakAra avinIta (asadAcArI) vyakti ke bahuta adhika zAstrajJAna kA bhI kyA prayojana ? jo vyakti jinendra dvArA upadRSTa ati vistRta jJAna ko jAnane meM cAhe samartha nahI ho, phira bhI jo sadAcAra se sampanna hai vastutaH vaha dhanya hai aura vahI jAnI hai| jaina AcArya yaha mAnate haiM ki jJAna jainAgama uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM zikSA prApti meM bAdhaka nimna pA~ca kAraNoM kA ullekha huA hai (1) abhimAna (2) krodha (3) pramAda (4) Alasya aura (5) rog| isake viparIta usameM una ATha kAraNoM kA bhI ullekha huA hai jinheM hama zikSA prApta 6 karane kA sAdhaka tatva kaha sakate haiM - ( 1 ) jo adhika ha~sImajAka nahIM karatA ho (2) jo apanI vAsanAoM para niyantraNa rakhatA ho, (3) jo kisI kI gupta bAta ko prakaTa nahIM karatA ho (4) jo azIla arthAt AdhArahIna na ho (5) jo dUSita AcAra vAlA na ho (6) jo rasa lolupa na ho (7) jo krodha na karatA ho aura (8) jo satya meM anurakta ho / 17 isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki jainadharma meM zikSA kA sambandha cAritrika mUlyoM se rahA hai| vastutaH jaina AcAryoM ko jJAna aura AcaraNa kA dvaita mAnya nahIM hai ve kahate haiM- jo jJAna hai, vahI AcaraNa hai, jo AcaraNa hai, vahI Agama-jJAna kA sAra hai / 18 isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina paramparA meM usa zikSA ko nirarthaka hI mAnA gayA hai jo vyakti kA cAritrika vikAsa yA vyaktitva vikAsa karane meM samartha nahIM hai| jo zikSA manuSya ko pAzavika vAsanAoM se Upara nahIM uThA sake, vaha vAstavika zikSA nahIM hai| jaina AcArya zikSA kA artha vyakti ko jIvana aura jagata ke sambandha meM jAnakAriyoM se bhara denA nahIM mAnate haiM, apitu ve isakA uddezya vyakti ke vyaktitva kA vikAsa yA sadguNoM kA vikAsa mAnate haiM, kintu isakA tAtparya yaha bhI nahIM hai ki ve zikSA ko AjIvikA yA kalAtmaka kuzalatA se alaga kara dete haiN| rAyapasenIyasuta meM tIna prakAra ke AcAryoM kA ullekha hai - 1. kalAcArya 2. zilpAcArya evaM 3. dharmAcArya / 19 usameM ina tInoM AcAryoM ke prati ziSya ke kartavyoM kA bhI nirdeza hai isase yaha phalita hai ki jaina cintakoM kI dRSTi meM zikSA vyavasthA tIna prakAra kI thii| kalAcArya kA kArya jIvanopayogI kalAoM arthAt jJAna-vijJAna aura lalita kalAoM kI zikSA denA thaa| bhASA, lipi, gaNita ke sAtha-sAtha khagola, bhUgola, jyotiSa, Ayurveda, saMgIta, nRtya Adi kI bhI zikSA kalAcArya dete the| vastutaH Aja hamAre vizvavidyAlayoM meM kalA, sAmAjika vijJAna evaM vijJAna saMkAya jo kArya karate haiM, unhIM se milatA-julatA kArya kalAcArya kA thaa| jainAgamoM meM puruSa kI 64 evaM strI kI 72 kalAoM kA nirdeza upalabdha hai / 2deg isase hama anumAna lagA sakate haiM ki zikSA jIvana ke sabhI pahaluoM kA sparza karatI hai| kalAcArya ke bAda dUsarA sthAna zilpAcArya kA thA / zilpAcArya vastutaH vaha vyakti hotA thA jo AjIvikA arjana se sambandhita vividha prakAra ke zilpoM kI zikSA detA thA / Aja jisa prakAra vibhinna audyogika prazikSaNa saMsthAyeM prazikSaNa pradAna karatI haiM, usa kAla meM yahI kArya zilpAcArya karate / inake Upara dharmAcArya kA sthAna thA inakA dAyitva vastutaH vyakti ke 0 aSTadazI / 930
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________________ cAritrika guNoM kA vikAsa karanA thaa| ve zIla aura sadAcAra kI jahA~ taka AdhyAtmika aura naitika zikSA kA prazna thA yaha zikSA dete the| isa prakAra prAcIna kAla meM zikSA ko tIna bhAgoM dharmAcArya ke sAnnidhya meM upadezoM ke zravaNa ke mAdhyama se prApta meM vibhakta kiyA gayA thA aura ina tInoM vibhAgoM kA dAyitva kI jAtI thii| isake lie vyakti ko kucha vyaya nahIM karanA hotA tat-tat viSayoM ke AcArya nirvAha karate the| hai| sAmAnyatayA zramaNa paramparA meM dharmAcArya bhikSAcaryA se hI jaina paramparA meM kalAcArya, zilpAcArya aura dharmAcArya ke apanI udarapUti karate the aura unake koI sthAyI Azrama Adi jo nirdeza upalabdha hote haiM unase aisA lagatA hai ki bhAratIya bhI nahIM hote the, ata: ve vyakti aura samAja para bhAra svarUpa cintana meM jo dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa cAra puruSArthoM kI zikSA nahIM hote the| isake viparIta vaidika paramparA meM dharmAcArya kI vyavasthA alaga-alaga tIna AcAryoM ke lie niyata kI gaI saparivAra apane AzramoM meM rahate the tathA dharmAcArya aura kalAcArya thii| zilpAcArya kA kArya artha puruSArtha kI zikSA denA thA, to / kA kArya eka hI vyakti karatA thA kucha kalAcArya sampanna kalAcArya kA kAma bhASA, lipi aura gaNita kI zikSA ke sAtha vyaktiyoM yA rAjAoM yA sAmantoM ke ghara jAkara bhI zikSA pradAna sAtha kAma puruSArtha kI zikSA denA thaa| dharmAcArya kA kArya mAtra karate the phira bhI sAmAnyatayA, ve zikSA apane AzramoM meM hI dharma aura mokSa puruSArtha se hI sambandhita thA isa prakAra vividha pradAna karate the| Azrama paddhati kI vizeSatA yaha thI ki vidyArthI jIvana mUlyoM kI zikSA ke lie vividha AcAryoM kI vyavasthA aura zikSaka apanI AjIvikA yA to apane zrama se upArjita thI, cU~ki jainadharma meM mUlata: eka nivRtti mUlaka kI zikSA ke karate athavA bhikSAcaryA ke mAdhyama se usakI pUrti krte| lie vividha AcAryoM kI vyavasthA thii| cU~ki jainadharma mUlata: eka isalie usa yuga meM zikSA na to vyakti para bhAra svarUpa thI ora nivRtti mUlaka aura saMnyAsaparaka dharma thA isalie dharmAcArya kA na rAjya para / samRddha vyakti athavA rAjA samaya-samaya para dArAdi kArya dharma aura mokSa kI puruSArtha kI zikSA dene taka hI sImita dekara zikSakoM ko sammAnita avazya karate the| vidyArthI bhI rakhA gayA thaa| isa prakAra jIvana ke vividha mUlyoM ke AdhAra para apanI zikSApUrNa karane ke pazcAt jaba svayaM AjIvikA arjana zikSA kI vyavasthA bhI alaga-alaga thii| Aja hama sampUrNa Aja ma karane lagatA, to vaha bhI guru dakSiNA dekara apane guru ko jIvana mUlyoM ke lie jo eka hI prakAra kI zikSA vyavasthA kI sammAnita karatA thaa| phira bhI yaha samagra vyavasthA mUlata: sammAnita karatA thaa| phi bAta karate haiM. vaha mala meM bhrAMti hai. jahA~ zilpAcArya aura aicchika thii| zilpAcArya AjIvikA arjana se sambandhita kalAcArya vattimalaka zikSA pradAna karate the vahA~ dharmAcArya nivani vibhinna zilpoM kI zikSA dete the| vidyArthI zilpAcArya ke mUlaka zikSA pradAna karate the| puna: yaha bhI Avazyaka hai ki jo sAnnidhya meM rahakara hI zilpa sIkhate the| isameM zikSaNa aura AcArya jisa prakAra kI jIvana zailI jItA hai, vaha vaisI hI zikSA AjIvikA arjana kI prakriyA sAtha-sAtha hI calatI thii| pradAna kara sakatA hai| ataH dharmAcArya se artha aura kAma kI sAmAnyatayA zikSA pitA-putra kI paramparA se calatI thii| kintu zikSA aura zilpAcArya evaM kalAcArya se dharma evaM mokSa puruSArtha kabhI-kabhI vyakti dUsaroM ke sAnnidhya meM bhI aisI zikSA prApta kI zikSA kI apekSA karanA ucita nahIM hai| vartamAna sandarbha meM karatA thaa| "rAyapasenIya" meM spaSTa rUpa meM yaha ullikhita hai yaha Avazyaka hai ki hama zikSA ke vividha kSetroM kA dAyitva ki kisa prakAra ke zikSaka ko kisa prakAra se sammAnita karanA vividha AcAryoM ko sauMpe aura isa bAta kA vizeSa dhyAna rakheM caahiye| zilpAcArya aura kalAcArya ke sammAna kI paddhati ki jo vyakti jisa prakAra kI zikSA dene ke yogya ho, vahI dharmAcArya ke sammAna kI paddhati se bhinna thii| kalAcArya aura usakA dAyitva smbhaaleN| jaba taka aisA nahIM hogA taba taka zilpAcArya kI ziSyagaNa telamAliza, snAna Adi ke dvArA na zikSA ke kSetra meM mAnava ke sarvAMgINa vikAsa kI kalpanA sArthaka kevala zArIrika sevA karate the, apitu unheM vastra, AbhUSaNa Adi nahIM hogii| "rAyapasenIyasutta' meM kalAcArya, zilpAcArya aura se alaMkRta kara sarasa bhojana karavAte the tathA unakI AjIvikA dharmAcArya kI vyavasthA dI gayI hai isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki evaM unake putrAdi ke bharaNa-poSaNa kI yogya vyavasthA bhI karate zikSA ke ye tInoM kSetra mAnava jIvana ke tIna malyoM se sambandhita the| dUsarI ora dharmAcArya ko vandana namaskAra karanA. usake the tathA eka-dUsare se pRthaka the aura sAmAnya vyakti tInoM hI upadezoM ko zraddhApUrvaka sunanA, bhikSArtha Ane para AhArAdi se prakAra kI zikSAyeM prApta karatA thA, phira bhI prAcInakAla meM yaha usakA sammAna karanA- yahI zikSArthI kA kartavya mAnA gayA zikSA paddhati vyakti ke liye bhAra svarUpa nahIM thii| thaa|22 jJAtavya hai ki jahA~ zilpAcArya aura kalAcArya apane ziSyoM se bhami, mudrA Adi ke dAna kI apekSA karate the, vahA~ 0 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________________ dharmAcArya aparigrahI hone ke kAraNa apane prati zraddhAbhAva ko chor3akara anya koI apekSA nahIM rakhate the yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki zilpAcArya aura kalAcArya sAmAnyatayA gRhastha hote the aura isalie unheM apane pArivArika dAyitvoM ko sampanna karane ke lie ziSyoM se mudrA Adi kI apekSA hotI, kintu dharmAcArya kI sthiti isase bhinna thI, ve sAmAnya rUpa se sanyAsI aura aparigrahI hote the, ataH unakI koI apekSA nahIM hotI thii| vastutaH naitikatA aura sadAcAra kI zikSA dene kA adhikArI vahI vyakti ho sakatA thA jo svayaM apane jIvana meM naitikatA kA AcaraNa karatA ho aura yahI kAraNa thA ki usake upadezoM evaM AdezoM kA prabhAva hotA thaa| Aja hama naitika evaM AdhyAtmika zikSA dene kA prathama to koI prayatna hI nahIM karate dUsare usakI apekSA hama una zikSakoM se karate haiM jo svayaM usa prakAra kA jIvana nahIM jI rahe hote haiM, phalataH unakI zikSA ko koI prabhAva bhI nahIM hotaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja vidyArthiyoM meM caritra-niSThA kA abhAva pAyA jAtA hai kyoMki yadi zikSaka svayaM caritravAna nahIM hogA to vaha apane vidyArthiyoM ko vaisI zikSA nahIM de pAyegA, kama se kama dharmAcArya ke sandarbha meM to yaha bAta Avazyaka hai / jaba taba usake jIvana meM cAritrika aura naitika mUlya sAkAra nahIM hoMge, vaha apane ziSyoM para unakA prabhAva DAlane meM samartha nahIM hogaa| candravedhyaka prakIrNaka kahatA hai ki samyak zikSA ke pradAtA AcArya nizcaya hI sulabha nahIM hote| 23 4 jaina AgamoM meM isa prazna para bhI gambhIratA se vicAra kiyA gayA hai ki zikSA prApta karane kA adhikArI kauna hai ? candravedhyaka prakIrNaka meM una vyaktiyoM ko zikSA ke ayogya mAnA gayA hai, jo avinIta hoM, jo AcArya kA aura vidyA kA tiraskAra karate hoM, mithyA dRSTikoNa se yukta hoM tathA mAtra sAMsArika bhogoM ke lie vidyA prApta karane kI AkAMkSA rakhate hauM 24 isI prakAra yogya AcArya kauna ho sakatA hai isakI carcA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo deza aura kAla kA jJAtA, akSara ko samajhane vAlA abhrAnta, dhairyavAna anuvartaka aura amAyAvI hotA hai, sAtha hI laukika, AdhyAtmika aura vaidika zAstroM kA jJAtA hotA hai, vahI zikSA dene kA adhikArI hai| isa grantha meM AcArya kI upamA dIpaka se dI gayI hai| dIpaka ke samAna AcArya svayaM bhI prakAzita hote haiM aura dUsaroM ko bhI prakAzita karate haiM / 26 zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI paramparAoM meM AcArya ke guNoM kI saMkhyA 36 svIkAra kI gayI haiM kintu ye 36 guNa kauna-kauna hai isa sambandha meM vibhinna granthakAroM ke vibhinna dRSTikoNa haiM / bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM AcAratva Adi 8 guNoM ke sAtha-sAtha 10 sthita kalpa 12 tapa aura 6 Avazyaka, aise 36 guNa mAne gaye haiN| 27 isI ke TIkAkAra aparAjitasUri ne 8 jJAnAcAra, 8 darzanAcAra, 12 tapa, 5 samiti aura 3 gupti ye 36 guNoM mAne haiM / 28 zvetAmbara paramparA meM sthAnAMga meM AcArya ko ATha prakAra kI nimna gaNi sampadAoM se yukta batalAyA gayA hai- 1. AcAra sampadA, 2 zruta sampadA, 3. zarIra sampadA, 4 . vacana sampadA, 5. vAcanA sampadA, 6 mati sampadA, 7. prayoga sampadA (vAdakauzala) aura 8. saMgraha parijJA (saMgha vyavasthA meM nipuNatA ) / 19 pravacanasArodvAra meM AcArya ke 36 guNoM kA tIna prakAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama uparokta 8 gaNi sampadA ke dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se 32 bheda hote haiM, inameM AcArya, zruta, vikSepaNA aura nirghaTanaye vinaya meM cAra bheda sammilita karane para kula 24 bheda hote haiM, inameM 12 prakAra kA tapa milAne para 36 bheda hote haiM, prakArAntara se jJAnAcAra, darzanAcAra aura cAritrAcAra ke ATha-ATha bheda karane para 24 bheda hote haiN| unameM 12 prakAra kA tapa milAne para 36 bheda hote haiN| kahIM-kahIM ATha gaNa sampadA, 10 sthitikalpa, 12 tapa ora 6 Avazyaka milAkara AcArya meM 36 guNa mAne gaye haiM, pravacanasAroddhAra ke TIkAkAra ne AcArya ke nimna 36 guNoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai- 1 dezayuta, 2. kulayuta 3. jAtiyuta, 4 rUpayuta, 5. saMhananayuta, 6. ghRtiyuta, 7. anAzaMsI, 8. avikatthana, 9 ayAcI 10. sthira paripATI 11. gRhItavAkya, 12 jitaparyaMtu, 13 jitanidrA, 14. madhyastha, 15. dezajJa, 16. kAlajJa, 17. bhAvajJa, 18. Asannalabdhapratima 19. nAnAvidha deza bhASajJa, 20 jJAnAcAra, 21. darzanAcAra, 22 cAritrAcAra, 23. tapAcAra, 24. vIryAcAra, 25. sUtrapAta, 26. AharalanipuNa, 27 hetunipuNa, 28. upanayanipuNa, 29 nayanipuNa, 30 grAhaNAkuzala, 31. svasamayajJa, 32 parasamayajJa, 33. gambhIra, 34. dIptimAna, 35. kalyANa karane vAlA aura 36 saumya / 30 ina guNoM kI carcA se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina AgamoM meM AcArya kaisA honA cAhiye isa prazna para gambhIratA pUrvaka vicAra kiyA thA aura mAtra caritravAna evaM ucca mUlyoM ke prati niSThAvAna vyakti ko hI AcAryatva ke yogya mAnA gayA thA / isase yaha phalita bhI hotA hai ki jo sAdhaka ahiMsAdi mahAvratoM kA svayaM pAlana karatA hai tathA AjIvikA arjana hetu mAtra bhikSA para nirbhara rahatA hai jo svArtha se pare haiM, vahI vyakti AdhyAtmika evaM naitika mUlyoM kA zikSaka hone kA adhikArI hai| 0 aSTadazI / 95
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________________ 2. isimA vidyArthI kaisA honA cAhiye, isakI carcA karate hue sandarbha : uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jo bhikSAjIvI, vinIta, 1. bAibila, uddhata naye saMketa, AcAryarajanIza, pR. 57 sajjana vyaktiyoM ke guNoM ko jAnane vAlA, AcArya ke manobhAvoM isibhAsiyAI, 17/1 ke anurUpa AcaraNa karane vAlA, sardI-garmI bhUkha-pyAsa Adi AcArAMga. 1/1/1 ko sahana karane vAlA, lAbha-alAbha meM vicalita nahIM hone vAlA, kaThopaniSada, 3/3 sevA tathA svAdhyAya hetu tatpara, ahaMkAra rahita aura AcArya ke 5. AcArAMga, 2/3/15/1 kaThora vacanoM ko sahana karane meM samartha ziSya hI zikSA kA sUtrakRtAMga, 1/12/11 adhikArI hai|31 granthakAra yaha bhI kahatA hai ki zAstroM meM ziSya uttarAdhyayana, 32/2 kI jo parIkSA vidhi kahI gayI hai usake mAdhyama se ziSya kI vahI, 29/60 parIkSA karake hI use mokSa mArga meM pravRtta karanA caahiye|32 / / 9. vahI, 32/2 uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM ziSya ke AcAra-vyavahAra ke sandarbha meM 10. vahI, 32/102-106 nirdeza karate hue kahA gayA hai ki jo ziSya guru ke sAnnidhya meM 11. dazavaikAlika, 9/4 rahatA hai, guru ke saMketa va manobhAvoM ko samajhatA hai, vahI vinIta 12. candravedhyaka, 62 kahalAtA hai, isake viparIta AcaraNavAlA aviniit| yogya ziSya 13. vahI, 56 sadaiva guru ke nikaTa rahe, unase artha pUrNa bAta sIkhe aura nirarthaka 14. vahI, 64 bAtoM ko chor3a de, guru dvArA anuzAsita hone para krodha na kare, 15. vahI, 68 zUdra vyaktiyoM ke saMsarga se dUra rahe, yadi koI galatI ho gayI 16. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 11/3 ho to use chipAye nahIM apitu yathArtha rUpa meM prakaTa kara de| binA 17. vahI, 11/4-5 pUche guru kI bAtoM me bIca meM na bole, adhyayana kAla meM sadaiva 18. candravedhyaka, 77 adhyayana kre| AcArya ke samakSa barAbarI se na baiThe, unake Age, 19. rAyapasenIyasutta (ghAsIlAlajI ma.) sUtra 956, pR. 338na pIche saTakara baitthe| guru ke samIpa unase apane zarIra ko saTAkara bhI nahIM baiThe, baiThe-baiThe hI na to kucha pUche aura na uttara 20. samavAyAMga-samavAya 72 (dekheM-TIkA) de| guru ke samIpa ukaDU Asana se baiThakara hAtha jor3akara jo 21. rAyasenIyasutta (ghAsIlAlajI ma.) sUtra 956, pR. 338pUchanA ho use vinayapUrvaka pUche / 33 341 ye sabhI tathya yaha sUcita karate haiM ki jaina zikSA vyavasthA 22. vahI, pR. 338-341 meM ziSya ke lie anuzAsita jIvana jInA Avazyaka thaa| yaha 23. candravedhyaka, 20 kaThora anuzAsana vastuta: bAhara se thopA huA nahIM thA, apitu 24. vahI, 51-53 mUlyAtmaka zikSA ke mAdhyama se isakA vikAsa andara se hI hotA 25. vahI, 25, 26 thaa| kyoMki jaina zikSA vyavasthA meM sAmAnyatayA ziSya meM tAr3ana 26. vahI, 30 varjana kI koI vyavasthA nahIM thii| AcArya aura ziSya donoM ke / 27. bhagavatIArAdhanA, 528 lie hI Agama meM ullekha anuzAsana kA pAlana karanA 28. vahI, TIkA Avazyaka thaa| jaina zikSA vidhi meM anuzAsana AtmAnuzAsana 29. sthAnAMga-sthAna, 8/15 thaa| vyakti ko dUsare ko anuzAsita karane kA adhikAra tabhI 30. pravacana sAroddhAra, dvAra 64 mAnA gayA thA, jaba vaha svayaM anuzAsita jIvana jItA ho| 31. dekheM - uttarAdhyayanasUtra, adhyAya 1 evaM 11 AcArya tulasI ne nija para zAsana phira anuzAsana kA jo sUtra 32. candravedhyaka, 53 diyA hai vaha vastuta: jaina zikSA vidhi kA sAra hai| zikSA ke sAtha 33. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 1/2-22 jaba taka jIvana meM svasphUrta anuzAsana nahIM AyegA, taba taka vaha sArthaka nahIM hogii| 341 0 aSTadazI/960