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________________ jaina Agama sAhitya meM zrAvastI jaina Agamika sAhitya meM zrAvastI kA ullekha AryakSetra ke janapada kI rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| bhagavatIsUtra ke anusAra yaha nagarI kRtAMgalA nAmaka nagara ke nikaTa sthita thii| isake samIpa acirAvatI nadI bahatI thI / zrAvastI nagarI ke tinduka udyAna aura kauSThaka vana kA ullekha hameM jainAgamoM meM bahulatA se upalabdha hotA hai / sthAnAMgasUtra meM ise bhAratavarSa kI dasa pramukha rAjadhAniyoM yathA sAketa zrAvastI, hastinApura, kAmpilya, mithilA, kauzAmbI, vArANasI aura rAjagRha meM se eka mAnA gayA hai| isa varNana se aisA lagatA hai ki sthAnAMga ke racanA kAla taka jaina paramparA mukhya rUpa se uttara bhArata ke nagaroM se hI paricita thI / zrAvastI kA dUsarA nAma kuNAlA bhI thaa| jaina sAhitya meM zrAvastI kI dUrI sAketa (ayodhyA) se sAta yojana (lagabhaga 90 ki.mI.) batAyI gaI hai| vartamAna meM zrAvastI kI pahacAna baharAica jile ke saheTa - maheTa grAma se kI jAtI hai| Adhunika ullekhoM ke AdhAra para yaha bAta satya bhI lagatI hai, kyoMki sAketa se saheTa- maheTa kI dUrI lagabhaga utanI hI hai| punaH saheTa- maheTa kA rAptI nadI ke kinAre sthita honA bhI Agamika tathyoM kI puSTi karatA hai / rAptI acirAvatI kA hI saMkSipta aura apabhraMza rUpa hai| zrAvastI ke uttara pUrva meM kaikeya janapada kI upasthiti mAnI gayI hai aura kaikeya janapada kI rAjadhAnI seyAviyA (zvetAmbikA) batalAyI gayI hai| kaikeya ke ardhabhAga ko hI Arya kSetra mAnA jAtA thA isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki usa kAla meM isake Age jaMgalI jAtiyAM nivAsa karatI rahI hoMgI / zrAvastI ko cakravartI maghavA, rAjA jitazatru, paseniya (prasenajita) aura rUppi kI rAjadhAnI batAyA gayA hai| isake atirikta isa nagara ko tIrthaMkara sambhavanAtha kA janmasthAna aura prathama pAraNe kA sthAna bhI mAnA jAtA hai| aitihAsika dRSTa se hameM jaina Agama sAhitya meM jo pramANa milate haiM, usake AdhAra para yaha nagara rAjA prasenajita kI rAjadhAnI thii| rAjapraznIya ke anusAra prasenajita ko pArvApatyIya zramaNa kezI ne nirgrantha paramparA kA anuyAyI banAyA thaa| rAjapraznIya meM prasenajita ko AtmA ke astitva evaM punarjanma ke sambandha meM aneka zaMkAye thIM, jinheM Arya kezI ne samApta kiyA thaa| jJAtAdharmakathA aura
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________________ 94 nirayAvalikA ke ullekha ke anusAra pArzva zrAvastI gaye the aura vahAM para unhoMne kAlI, padmAvatI, zivA, vasuputtA Adi aneka striyoM ko dIkSita kiyA thaa| zrAvastI meM pAzrvapatyoM kA prabhAva thA isa tathya kI puSTi aneka Agamika ullekhoM se hotI hai| jaina Agama sAhitya meM jo ullekha pAye jAte haiM unase aisA lagatA hai ki zrAvastI para nirgranthoM ke atirikta AjIvakoM, bauddhoM aura hindU parivrAjakoM kA bhI paryApta prabhAva thaa| bauddha sAhitya se yaha spaSTata: jJAta hotA hai| ki buddha isa nagara meM aneka bAra Aye the aura unhoMne yahAeN apane pratihAryoM kA pradarzana bhI kiyA thaa| isase aisA lagatA hai ki usa yuga kA zrAvastI kA janamAnasa prabuddha aura udAra thA aura vaha vibhinna dharma sampradAya ke logoM ko apane siddhAntoM ko prastuta karane kA avasara detA thaa| jaina paramparA ke lie to zrAvastI aneka dRSTiyoM se eka mahattvapUrNa nagara siddha hotA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM prApta sUcanA ke anusAra jainoM kA prathama saMgha bheda bhI zrAvastI meM hI huA thaa| mahAvIra ke jAmAtR jAmAli ne yahIM para "kriyamANa akRta" kA siddhAnta sthApita kiyA thA aura mahAvIra ke saMgha se apane 500 ziSyoM ke sAtha alaga hue the| jAmAli kI mAnyatA yaha thI ki jo kArya pUrNatayA samApta nahIM huA hai, use kRta nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isake viparIta mahAvIra kI mAnyatA yaha thI ki jo kArya ho rahA hai, use sApekSika rUpa se kRta kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki usa kArya kA kucha aMza to ho hI cukA hai| isa prakAra mahAvIra kI saMgha vyavasthA meM prathama vidroha kA sUtrapAta zrAvastI nagara meM hI huA thaa| punaH mahAvIra aura maMkhaliputragozAlaka ke madhya vivAda kI carama pariNati bhI zrAvastI meM huI thii| bhagavatIsUtra ke 15 veM zataka ke anusAra AjIvaka paramparA ke maMkhAliputragozAlaka ne apanA 24vAM cAturmAsa zrAvastI nagarI ke hAlAhalA nAmaka kuMbhakArI kI ApaNa (dukAna) meM kiyA thaa| usa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra zrAvastI nagarI ke koSThaka caitya meM cAturmAsArtha virAjita the| bhagavatIsUtra meM upalabdha vivaraNa ke anusAra prathama to gozAlaka ne bhikSArtha gaye mahAvIra ke zramaNoM ke samakSa zrAvastI kI sar3akoM para hI mahAvIra kI AlocanA kI / punaH koSThaka vana meM Akara mahAvIra se vivAda kiyA tathA una para tejolezyA pheMkI / usa tejolezyA ke kAraNa mahAvIra ke do ziSya sarvAnubhUti aura sunakSatra maraNa ko prApta hote haiM aura svayaM mahAvIra bhI asvastha ho jAte haiM / bhagavatIsUtra ke 15 veM zataka meM isa sampUrNa ghaTanAkrama kA vistArapUrvaka ullekha hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se hama kevala itanA hI kaha sakate haiM ki mahAvIra aura gozAlaka ke madhya vivAda kI carama pariNati bhI zrAvastI nagara meM huI thii|
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________________ jaina Agama sAhitya meM zrAvastI : 95 kintu jahAM zrAvastI meM usa yuga ke vibhinna dharma sampradAyoM ke bIca virodha aura saMgharSa ke svara mukhara hue the, vahIM mahAvIra aura pArzva kI paramparAoM ke sammilana kA sthala bhI yahI nagara thaa| zrAvastI nagara ke tinduka udyAna meM pApitya paramparA ke Arya kezI virAjita the, vahIM isI nagara ke koSThaka udyAna meM mahAvIra ke pradhAna ziSya indrabhUti gautama virAjita the| donoM AcAryoM ke ziSya nagara meM jaba eka dUsare se milate the to unameM yaha carcA hotI thI ki eka hI lakSya ke lie pravRtta ina donoM paramparAoM meM yaha matabheda kyoM hai? kezI aura gautama apane ziSyoM kI ina zaMkAoM ke samAdhAna ke lie tathA mahAvIra aura pArzva kI paramparAoM ke bIca koI samanvaya-setu banAne ke lie paraspara milane kA nirNaya karate haiM aura gautama jyeSTha kula kA vicAra karake svayaM kezI zramaNa ke pAsa milane hetu jAte haiN| kezI zramaNa gautama ko satkArapUrvaka Asana pradAna karate haiN| zrAvastI ke aneka vyakti bhI donoM AcAryoM kI isa vicAra carcA ko sunane hetu ekatra ho jAte haiN| donoM AcAra sambandhI matabhedoM tathA AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ke vibhinna samasyAoM para khulakara vicAra-vimarza karate haiN| donoM kA zrAvastI meM yaha sauhArdapUrNa milana hI pArzva aura mahAvIra kI paramparAoM ke bIca samanvaya setu bnaa| isI prakAra zrAvastI skandaka nAmaka parivrAjaka aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pArasparika milana kA aura loka, jIva, siddhi Adi sambandhI aneka dArzanika praznoM para carcA kA sthala bhI rahA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM prApta ullekha ke anusAra zrAvastI nagara meM AcArya gardabhilla ke ziSya kAtyAyanagotrIya skandaka parivrAjaka nivAsa karate the| usI nagara meM nirgrantha vaizAlika arthAt bhagavAna mahAvIra kA zrAvaka piMgala bhI nivAsa karatA thaa| piMgala aura skandaka ke bIca loka, jIva aura siddhi kI sAntatA aura anantatA para carcA hotI hai| skandaka isa carcA ke samAdhAna ke lie svayaM zrAvastI ke nikaTa hI sthita kRtamaMgalAnagara, jahA~ para bhagavAna mahAvIra aura gautama virAjita the, vahA~ jAtA hai / gautama mahAvIra ke nirdeza para skandaka parivrAjaka kA samAdara pUrvaka svAgata karate haiM, use mahAvIra ke samIpa le jAte haiM aura donoM meM phira inhIM praznoM ko lekara vistAra se carcA hotI hai| anta meM skandaka mahAvIra ke vicAroM ke prati apanI AsthA prakaTa karate haiM / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jahA~ eka ora zrAvastI mahAvIra kI apanI paramparA meM hI utpanna vidroha kA nagara hai vahIM dUsarI ora mahAvIra kI paramparA kA anya paramparAoM ke sAtha kitanA sauhArdapUrNa vyavahAra thA, isakA bhI sAkSI sthala hai| vastuta: aisA lagatA hai ki zrAvastI ke pariveza meM vicAra svAtantrya aura pArasparika sauhArda ke tattva upasthita the| isa nagara ke nAgarikoM kI yaha udAratA
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________________ thI. ki ve vibhinna vicAradhArAoM ke pravartakoM ko samAna rUpa se samAdara dete the| mAtra yahI nahIM, unameM hone vAlI vicAra carcAoM meM bhI sahabhAgI hote the| zrAvastI ko hama vibhinna dharma paramparAoM kI samanvayasthalI kaha sakate haiN| Agamika sacanAoM ke anusAra zrAvastI nagara ke bAhara bahane vAlI usa acirAvatI nadI meM jala atyanta kama hotA thA aura jaina sAdhu isa nadI ko pAra karake bhikSA ke lie A jA sakate the| yadyapi varSAkAla meM isa nadI meM bhayaMkara bAr3ha bhI AtI thii| isa prakAra jaina dharma kI aneka mahattvapUrNa ghaTanAyeM zrAvastI ke sAtha jur3I huI haiN| phira bhI yadi tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra kareM to bauddha sAhitya ke anuzIlana se aisA lagatA hai ki yahA~ para bauddha dharma kA prabhAva adhika thA aura svayaM buddha kA isa nagara ke prati viziSTa AkarSaNa thaa| yaha ThIka vaisA hI thA jaisA ki mahAvIra kA rAjagRhI ke prti| yahI kAraNa hai ki buddha ne yahA~ aneka cAturmAsa kiye aura prAyaH isI ke samIpavartI kSetra meM vicaraNa karate the| jabaki mahAvIra ne sarvAdhika cAturmAsa rAjagRha aura usake samIpavartI upanagara nAlandA meM kiye| phira bhI jaina Agama sAhitya ke anazIlana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki zrAvastI kA jaina paramparA ke sAtha bhI nikaTa sambandha rahA hai| use tIsare tIrthakara sambhavanAtha ke cAra kalyANakoM kI pAvana bhUmi mAnA jAtA hai|