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________________ | hindI-sAhitya meM satasaI paramparA | (DaoN. dilIpa paTela, zahAdA) kA nAma una meM prayA' chaMda ke AdhArapara hiMdI kI ra satasaI aura satasaiyA zabda saMskRta ke 'saptazatI' aura 'saptazatikA' zabdoM ke rUpAntara haiM jo sAta sau padyoM ke saMgraha-rUpa meM rUDha ho gaye haiN| bhAratIya saMskAra kucha aise haiM ki hama pratyeka zreSTha evaM grAhyavastu ko eka nizcita saMkhyA meM jAnane ke abhyAsI haiN| yaha bAta lokagItoM meM spaSTarUpa se parilakSita hotI hai / yathA - 'sAmare mere ghara Ai jAiyo / sAta sahelIna bIca bA~surI adhara bajAi jaiyo / ' triloka, cAra puruSArtha, paMcamukhI, SaDdarzana, saptasiMdhu, aSTasiddhiyA~, navanidhiyA~, dazAvatAra ina udAharaNoMse yaha bAta svayaMsiddha hai| sAhitya ke kSetra meM aSTayAma, madanASTaka, vIrASTaka kevala ATha hI padayoMpara AdhArita kAvyakRtiyA~ upalabdha haiM paraMtu inake dvArA kRtikAra ke kavitva kA samagra paricaya prApta karanA muzkila hai / saMskRta meM 'paMcAzikA' tathA hiMdI meM 'bAisI' 'paccIsI' nAma se racanAe~ milatI haiM parantu ye racanAe~ utanI lokapriya nahIM huI kApraya nahA hui jitanI 'zataka' athavA 'saptazatI' meM baddha racanAe~ huI haiM | zataka paramparA meM bhartRharikRta 'nItizataka' 'vairAgya zataka' tathA 'zrRMgAra zataka' kavi mayara kRta 'sUrya-zataka' bANakRta 'caNDI zataka' amara kRta, 'amara zataka' Adi prasiddha grantha haiM / isaprakAra zataka paramparA milatI hai / isake alAvA saptazatI granthoMkI paramparA aura bhI samRddha hai / isake mUla meM bhAratIyoM kI vizeSa AsthA sAta ke prati honA bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai | vivAha ke samaya saptapadI, yajJake samaya saptadhAnya AdikA vizeSa mahatva hai / sAtajihvAe~ hone se agni ko saptajihva kahA jAtA hai / saptarSi, saptadina, saptadvIpa, saptasvara, rAjya ke saptAMga, jaina nyAya ke sapta naya Adi bAtoM se sAta saMkhyA kA pratyakSa pramANa milatA hai / bhAratIya mAnasa saptasaMkhyA ke prati vizeSa AsthA dikhAtA hai / isI pravRtti ke kAraNa zataka ko saptaguNA karake 'saptazatI' paramparA kA AvirbhAva huA hogA aisA pratIta hotA hai / mArkaNDeya purANa ke antargata 'durgAsaptazatI' aura mahAbhArata ke antargata 'zrImadbhagavadgItA' meM sAtasau zloka honA bhI isI pravRtti ke sUcaka hai / sAhityika kSetra meM mahArASTrIya prAkRta meM racita kavi hAla kI 'gAha satasaI' (gAthA-saptazatI) prathama ullekhanIya kRti kahI jA sakatI hai jisake anukaraNapara paravartI saMskRta kaviyoM-govardhanAcArya evaM zrI vizvezvara ne apanI-apanI 'AryA saptazatI' kA saMkalana prastuta kiyA hai| hindI kI satasaI paramparA kA preraNA-srota mukhya rUpa se hAla kavi kI 'gAthA saptazatI' aura govardhanAcArya kI 'AryA saptazatI hai / hindI kI satasaI paramparA suvizAla aura sudIrgha hai / yaha paramparA zailI evaM viSaya donoM kI dRSTi se uparyukta saMskRta prAkRta saptazatI paramparA se sUtrabaddha hai / ina donoM meM aMtara kevala yaha hai ki saMskRta prAkRta ke 'saptazatI' granthoM meM - vibhinna kaviyoMdavArA racita mukta saMkalita haiM jabaki hindI kI pratyeka satasaI eka hI kavi ke svaracita padoM kA saMgraha hai / saMskRta-prAkRta ke ina saMgrahoM kA nAma una meM prayukta viziSTa chaMda ke AdhArapara kiyA gayA hai / yathA-saMskRta ke 'AryA' chaMda ke AdhArapara 'AryA-saptazatI' prAkRta ke gAthA chaMda ke AdhArapara 'gAthA saptazatI' | hiMdI kI sabhI satasaiyoM meM 'dohA' chanda kA prayoga huA hai / prayukta chaMda ke AdhArapara agara nAmakaraNa kiyA jAtA to vaiziSTya na raha pAtA isalie unake nAma prAyaH racayitA kaviyoM ke nAma para AdhArita haiM / yathA-tulasI-satasaI, rahIma-satasaI, bihArI-satasaI / ma satasaI granthoM ke nAmakaraNa kI yaha pravRtti madhyakAlataka hI dikhAI detI hai / Adhunika kAla meM racita satasaiyoM ke nAma unameM pratipAdita viSayoM ke AdhArapara milate hai / jaise - vIra satasaI, brajarAja vilAsa-satasaI, vasanta satasaI, kisanA satasaI / hindI kI satasaI paramparA paryApta samRddha hai / bhaktikAla se Adhunika kAlataka sattAIsa satasaI granthoM ke race jAnekA ullekha milatA hai / ye satasaI grantha haiM - 'tulasI-satasaI', rahIma-satasaI, akSara ananyadvArA durgAsaptazatIkA hiMdI anuvAda, vRnda-vinodasatasaI, alaMkAra-satasaI, yamaka-satasaI, buddhajana-satasaI, bihArI-satasaI, matirAma-satasaI, bhapati-satasaI, candana-satasaI, rAma-satasaI, vikramasatasaI, rasanidhi-satasaI, vIra-satasaI (sUryamalla), budhajana-satasaiyA (dInadayAla), brajarAsa vilAsa satasaI, (amIradAsa), AnaMda prakAza satasaI (dalasiMha), satasaiyA rAmAyaNa (kIrata siMha) vasanta satasaI, hariaudha-satasaI (viyogI hari), kisAna satasaI (jaganasiMha seMgara), jJAna-satasaI, (rAjendra zamA) braja-satasaI (rAmacarita upAdhyAya) dayArAma satasaiyA (amRtalAla) mohana-satasaI (mohnsiNh)| hindI satasaI-paramparA meM aitihAsika dRSTi se pahalA sthAna 'tulasI-satasaI' kA hai | yaha eka saMkalana grantha hai, satasaI kI dRSTi se racita kRti nahIM | viSaya kI dRSTi se hindI meM likhita satasaiyoM ko do vargoM meM rakhA jA sakatA hai - (1) sUkti satasaI / (2) zrRMgAra satasaI / sUkti satasaI meM jIvana ke kisI pakSa se saMbaMdhita kisI tathya kI mArmika, ramaNIka aura camatkAra pUrNa DhaMga se abhivyakti kI jAtI hai aura zrRMgAra satasaI meM zrRMgAra rasako pradhAnatA dI jAtI hai| DA. zyAmasuMdaradAsajI, sUkti ke saMbaMdha meM mata pratipAdita karate hue kahate haiM - "sUkti yA subhASita la sI-satasaI' kA sA pratIta hotA saptazatI' paramparA zrImad jayantasenasUri abhinandana graMtha / vizleSaNa kapaTa kalA karatA nahIM, pUjya janoM ke saMga / jayantasena mile use, Atama zAnti abhaMga / /
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________________ kA artha acche kathana se hai / sUkti kA pradhAna uddezya Adeza hai| hajArIprasAda dvivedIjI apane 'hindI sAhitya' meM hindI kI zrRMgAra nityaprati ke vyavahAra meM jina bAtoM se lAbha uThAyA jA sakatA hai, satasaI paramparA kA prArambha bihArI satasaI se mAnate haiM / unhIM bAtoM ko sUktikAra eka mArmika aura hRdayagrAhI DhaMga se mahAkavi bihArI kI 'bihArI-satasaI mahatvapUrNa kRti hai / kahatA hai, jisase jana-sAdhAraNa ke mana meM cubha jAtI hai / " zrRMgAra AcArya rAmacaMdra zaklajI kA bihArI satasaI ke saMbaMdha meM nimnalikhita satasaI meM camatkAra vidhAyinI pravRttikI apekSA bhAva vyaMjanA yA maMtavya TaSTavya hai. aMgAra rasake granthoM meM jitanI khyAti aura rasa paripAka ko pradhAnatA dI jAtI hai / esI satasaiyA ma zrRgArajitanA mAna bihArI satasaI kA haA utanA aura kisI kA nhiiN| ke saMyoga viyoga donoM pakSoM kI vyaMjanA hone ke sAtha sAtha zrRMgAra isakA eka eka dohA hindI sAhitya meM eka-eka rala mAnA jAtA ke vividha pakSoM kA Alambana uddIpanAdi kA vistRta varNana bhI hai / " bihArI-satasaI kI mahattA nimna dohe se svayaM pramANita ho rahatA hai / isalie zrRMgAra satasaI sUkti satasaI se adhika jAtI hailokapriya hotI hai / hindI meM sUkti satasaI ke antargata tIna satasaiyoM kI gaNanA kI jA sakatI hai - satasaiyA ke dohare jyoM nAvika ke tIra / (1) tulasI-satasaI / (2) rahIma-satasaI (3) vRnda-satasaI / dekhana meM choTe lageM, ghAva kare gambhIra // tulasI-satasaI meM gosvAmI tulasIdAsajI ke bhakti evaM nIti bihArI-satasaI mukhyarUpa se zrRMgAra kI racanA hai jisameM kavi ne viSayaka dohe saMkalita haiM / sAta sargoM meM vibhAjita satasaI meM zrRMgAra ke vividha pakSoM - saMyoga, viyoga, premIpremikAoM kI zrRMgAra kavA bhakti, upAsanA, rAma-bhajana, Atmabodha, karma va jJAna siddhAMta krIDAe~, nakhazikha, vayaHsaMdhi, premodaya kA vizada varNana kiyA hai| aura rAjanItikA svataMtra vivecana kiyA gayA hai / kucha dohe upadeza prema ke jitane khilavAr3a ho sakate haiM unakA vistRta citraNa pradhAna haiM to kucha sundara aura marmasparzI bhI prApta hote haiM / yathA - 'bihArI-satasaI' meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| saMyoga kI krIDA dRSTavya 'barakhata harakhata loga saba, karakhata lakheM na koya / tulasI bhUpati bhAnusama, prajA bhAga basa hoya // 'batarasa lAlaca lAla kI muralI dharI lukAya / rahIma satasaI meM laukika jIvana ke vividha pakSoMpara kavi kI soha karai bhauMhani ha~sai, dena kahai naTi jAya / / ' mArmika sUktiyA~ milatI haiM / vRnda satasaI auraMgajeba ke darabArI saMyoga-pakSa meM rUpavarNana kI pradhAnatA bihArI kI vizeSatA hai| nArI kavi vRnda kI satasaI viziSTa vidagdhatApUrNa sUktiyoM kA saMgraha hai| sauMdarya kI sukomalatA, mAdakatA kA varNana karate hue Apa likhate sarala muhAvaredAra bhASA, dRSTAMta sahita jIvanAnubhava kI abhivyaMjanA haiM - isa satasaI kI vizeSatA hai / udAharaNa dRSTavya hai - 'aruna barana tarunI-caraNa-a~gurI ati sukumAra | 'phera na hvai hai kapaTa so jo kIje vyaupAra / cuvata suraMga ra~gaso mano capi bichuvana ke bhAra / ' jaise hA~DI kATha kI caDhai nA dUjI bAra // virahajanya durbalatA kI mArmika vyaMjanA nimna dohe meM dRSTavya hai - hindI kI zrRMgAra satasaiyoM meM 'bihArI-satasaI' 'matirAma ki 'karake mIr3e kusuma lauM gaI biraha kumhilAya / satasaI' 'rasanidhi-satasaI' 'rAma-satasaI' tathA 'vikrama-satasaI' kI gaNanA hotI hai / vidvAnoM kI rAya meM hiMdI meM zrRMgAra satasaI ra sadA samIpina sakhina hU~ nIki pichAnI jAya // paramparA kA sUtrapAta bihArI-satasaI se hotA hai / AcArya DA. alaMkAroM kI kalAtmaka yojanA 'bihArI-satasaI kI vizeSatA hI kahI jAegI / anuprAsa, vIpsA, utprekSA Adi alaMkAroM kA prayoga bihArIjI ne bar3I khUbI se kiyA hai | bhASA kI samAsa zakti kA paricaya denevAlA nimna dohA dRSTavya hai - kaI racanAoM kA patra 'kahata naTata rIjhata khijhata milata khilata lajiyAta / patrikAoM meM prakAzana / saphala bhare bhauna moM karata haiM, nainanu hI so bAta || zikSaka, kuzala lekhaka / chAtroM meM vizeSa lokpriytaa| bihArI satasaI kI bhASA braja hai / bhASA kI prAMjalatA, zabdoM kA samprati -prAdhyApaka, kalA- suSThu cayana, padavinyAsa kI kuzalatA, vijJAna-vANijya mahAvidyAlaya lAkSaNikatA, citraupamatA, nAdayojanA, zahAdA (mahArASTra) mAya dhvanyAtmakatA jo bihArI satasaI meM lakSita hotI hai vaha anya kisI bhI kRti meM lakSita nahIM hotii| DaoN. dilIpa paTela ema.e., pI.eca.DI., lizA Upara ke vivecana se kAvyaguNoM DA.. tIpatIra kA hiMdI zikSaNa niSNAta kI dRSTi se 'bihArI-satasaI kI utkRSTatA pramANita ho jAtI hai / zrImad jayantasenasUri abhinandana graMtha / vizleSaNa (88) upagArI upagAra kI, kabhI na karatA bAta / jayantasena mahAnatA, ravi zazi kI dina rAta / / www.jajnelibrary.org
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________________ hiMdI kI satasaI paramparA meM bihArI satasaI nizcayahI sarvaprathama evaM sarvotkRSTa hai / bihArI kI kAvya pratibhA, bahujJatA, aura vAgvibhUti advitIya hai / saMskRta, prAkRta aura phArasI kAvya kA paryApta prabhAva hote hue bhI prastuta satasaI meM hara dRSTi se eka anokhI navInatA dikhAyI detI hai / DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedIjI ke zabdoM meM "bihArIsatasaI saikaDoM varSoM se rasikoM kA hiya-hAra banI huI hai aura taba taka banI rahegI jabataka isa saMsAra meM sahadayatA hai|" 'ihaloka' aura 'paraloka' donoM meM hI hiMsaka vyakti ko niMdanIya ThaharAyA hai / eka uddharaNa draSTavya hai - hiMsaka ko bairI jagata, koI na kare sahAya / maratA nibala garIba lakhi, hara koI leta bacAya / / hiMsA te vai pAtakI, pAtaka te narakAya / madhyayuga meM banArasIdAsa, yazovijaya, vijayadeva sUri, jJAnatarAya, budhajana, TekacaMda, pArzvadAsa Adi aneka jaina kavi hue / inake kAvya meM tatvadarzana tathA bhakti ke sAtha-sAtha jaina AcAra-paddhati kI kAvyAtmaka mImAMsA pAI jAtI hai / saptavyasana aura cAra kaSAyoM kA virodha tathA dazadharma ke pAlana kI preraNA kA prabhAva samasta jaina kAvya meM sarvatra pAyA jAtA hai / hiMdI jaina kAvyoM meM ahiMsA kA nirUpaNa saiddhAntika tathA bhAvaparaka donoM dRSTiyoM se pAyA jAtA hai / ahiMsA kA svarUpa tathA hiMsA kI anAvazyakatA tathA avyAvahArikatA ko tArkika evaM bauddhika zailI meM samajhAyA gayA hai / vizAla nItikAvya 'budhajana satasaI' ke praNetA budhajana ne isI paramparA meM zrImad jayaMtasenasUri 'madhukara' jI dvArA likhita satasaI kA viziSTa sthAna hai / hiMdI kAvya kI satasaI paraMparA meM yaha lekhana aneka arthoM meM vaMdanIya hai / usakI svataMtra rUpa se carcA Avazyaka hai lekina vaha svataMtra lekha kA viSaya hai / lekha kI maryAdAko dhyAna meM rakhate hue yahA~ rukanA paDatA hai / madhukarajI ke jJAna, tapasyA, sAdhanA, jIvanAnubhava ke anekAneka ramaNIya siddha sthaloM ke citraNa unake sAhitya meM prakaTa hue haiN| unake vAGmayIna vigraha kI parikramA aura vaMdanA sAhitya kI upayukta nidhi hai / dhArmika sAhitya ke aMtargata usakA vicAra maryAdita rUpa se na kiyA jAe to usake sAhitya viSayaka nAnA guNoM kA koSa sahadayoM ke lie khulA ho sakatA hai| madhukara-mauktika hai aura mana saba jagaha phiratA hai / hAtha meM rahA huA 'manakA' tabhI asara karegA jaba mana kA manakA usakA sAtha degaa| hAtha kA manakA aura mana kA manakA donoM kA mela baiThanA caahiye| paramAtmA kA dhyAna karane ke lie apanA hRdaya kamala-samAna mAnanA cAhiye / usakI eka madhya, ATha dizA-vidizA meM nau paMkhur3iyA~ mAna kara eka-eka pa~khur3I para navakAra kA eka-eka pada sthApina karanA cAhiye / bIca meM arihanta paramAtmA aura unake ThIka cAroM ora siddha paramAtmA, AcArya bhagavAna, upAdhyAya mahArAja aura sAdhu munirAja kI sthApanA karanI cAhiye / cAroM konoM meM navakAra ke zeSa cAra pada sthApita karane cAhiye / phira A~kheM banda kara dhyAna zuru karanA cAhiye / arihanta paramAtmA para dhyAna lagA kara A~kheM banda kara namo arihaMtANaM' kA jApa karo / isI prakAra navakAra ke nau padoM kA hRdaya-kamala kI nau pa~khur3iyoM kA AdhAra lekara dhyAna karanA caahiye| aisA prayala kareMge to mana ghUmegA nahIM | mana kI sthiratA ke lie A~kheM banda karanA Avazyaka hai | mana mukAma para taba rahatA hai, jaba hama yaha mahasUsa karate haiM ki hama mAlA nahIM phera rahe haiM, mantra kA jApa kara rahe haiN| saccA mantra vahI hai jo mana ko mantrita kara DAle / yadi mana mantrita nahIM huA, to samajha lenA ki abhI taka mantra hAtha nahIM lagA / mantra hAtha lagate hI mana mantrita ho jAtA hai athavA mana mantrita ho jAe, to samajha lenA ki mantra hAtha laga gyaa| jisase mana ko zikSA milatI hai - salAha milatI hai, vaha mantra hai / mantra se hI mantrI zabda banA hai / mantrI rASTrapati kA salAhakAra hotA hai | navakAra mantra bhI mana ko salAha detA hai / vaha kahatA hai mana tara; to yaha mantara mana ko tarane kI, pAra hone kI salAha detA hai| - jainAcArya zrImad jayaMtasenasUri 'madhukara' zrImad jayantasenasUri abhinandana graMtha / vizleSaNa bhUla gayA upagAra ko, apakArI avinIta / jayantasena sukhI nahIM, khotA nija paratIta //