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________________ jJAnArNava meM dhyAna kA svarUpa 9 DaoN0 premasumana jaina arcanArcana . jainasAhitya meM dhyAna ke vibhinna pakSoM kA varNana prAyaH samyakacAritra ke varNana ke prasaMga meM prAtA hai| jainadarzana meM saMkSeparUpa meM saMsAra-bandhana kA kAraNa prAsrava aura bandha ko mAnA gayA hai tathA saMsAra se mukti ke lie saMvara aura nirjarA ko pramukhatA dI gayI hai| karmo kI nirjarA meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakacAritra ko prAdhAra mAnA gayA hai| samyakacAritra meM tapa kI pradhAnatA hai| tapa ke pAbhyantara chaha bhedoM meM eka bheda dhyAnatapa bhI hai| isI dhyAna kA varNana jainAcAryoM ne apane granthoM meM kiyA hai| dhyAna para svatantrarUpa se bhI grantha likhe gaye haiN| vastuta: jainadarzana meM dhyAna AtmA ke jJAna guNa ko prakaTa karane vAlA hai| ataH dhyAna aura jJAna meM aTa sambandha hai| madhyayuga ke 11 vIM zatAbdI ke jainAcArya zubhacandra ne apane dhyAnazAstra ko jJAnazAstra kA grantha mAnakara ise 'jJAnArNava' nAma pradAna kiyA hai| viSaya kI dRSTi se vAstava meM yaha grantha dhyAna kA samudra hai| dhyAna ke sabhI pakSoM kA isameM vistAra se varNana hai| isalie prAcArya ne ise 'dhyAnazAstra' bhI kahA hai iti jinapatisUtrAtsAramuddhatya kicit / svamativibhavayogyaM dhyAnazAstraM praNItam // prAcArya zubhacandra ne apane isa grantha ko 'yogapradIpa' bhI kahA hai| unakI dRSTi se dhyAna evaM yoga zabda samAna artha ko vyakta karate haiN| yadyapi jainaparamparA meM ina donoM zabdoM kA apanA alaga itihAsa bhI hai| AcArya zubhacandra evaM unake jJAnArNava ke sambandha meM isa grantha ke sampAdaka paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI evaM anuvAdaka paM. bAlacandra zAstrI ne apanI prastAvanAmoM meM paryApta prakAza DAlA hai| jaina yogazAstra kI paramparA meM jJAnArNava kA vizeSa sthAna hai| jJAnArNava meM pUrvavartI dhyAnaviSayaka sAmagrI kA sAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isa kAraNa yaha grantha paravartI jainAcAryoM ke lie prAdhAra-grantha bana gayA hai| prAcArya hemacandra ke yogazAstra ke sAtha isakA ghaniSTa sambandha hai / / ___ AcArya zubhacandra kA samaya vidvAnoM ne vi0 saM0 1016 se vi0 saM0 1145 ke bIca mAnA hai| jJAnArNava meM zubhacandra ne jinasena ke adipurANa, rAmasenAcArya ke tatvAnuzAsana, somadeva ke upAsakAdhyayana evaM amitagati ke yogasAraprAbhata Adi pUrvavartI granthoM ke aAdhAra 1. jaina, premasumana; 'dhyAna sambandhI jaina-jainetara sAhitya' -jinavANI vizeSAMka 2. kApar3iyA, ra0 lA0; jainasAhitya kA bRhat-itihAsa, bhAga 4, pR0 227-255 3. jJAnArNava, saM0 DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye, solApura, 1976 kI prastAvanA 4. vahI, prastAvanA, pR0 47-51 |
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________________ jJAnArNava meM dhyAna kA svarUpa / 67 para dhyAna ke vibhinna pakSoM para prakAza DAlA hai| kintu usake pUrva bAraha bhAvanAoM kA varNana grantha meM kiyA hai| zubhacandra prArambha meM hI spaSTa kara dete haiM ki yaha merI racanA saMsAratApa ke nivAraNa ke lie hai| isase avidyA se utpanna durAgraha naSTa hogA / tabhI samIcIna dhyAna kI prApti hogii| vahI vAstavika Ananda pradAna karanA isa grantha kA pratipAdya hai avidyAprasarodbhUtagraha-nigrahakovivam / jJAnArNavamimaM vakSye satAmAnandamandiram // 111 prAcArya zubhacandra adhyAtmayogI the| ataH dhyAna kA varNana karate samaya sAMsArika sukhoM ko unhoMne mahattva nahIM diyaa| dhyAna koI camatkAra dikhAne ke lie athavA indriyoM ke rasoM kI tRpti ke lie nahIM hai| isa prakAra kI sAdhanA saMsAra ke kIcar3a meM hI phaMsAtI hai / rAga-dveSa se yukta vRttiyoM kI upasthiti meM zuddha dhyAna nahIM ho sakatA hai| ata: bAraha bhAvanAoM ke dvArA pahale apane citta ko nirmala karanA cAhie / mithyA dhAraNAoM ke chUTane para hI dhyAna kI bhUmi meM praveza kiyA jA sakatA hai / ataH samyagdaSTi honA dhyAna kI prathama sIr3hI hai| yadi koI sAdhaka saMsAra ke klezoM ko naSTa karanA cAhatA hai to use samyagjJAna rUpI amRta rasa kA pAna karanA caahie| samyagjJAna kA bIja dhyAna hai / saMsArarUpI samudra ko lAMghane ke lie dhyAna eka jahAja kI taraha hai bhavaklezavinAzAya piba jJAnasudhArasam / kuru janmAndhimatyetu dhyAnapotAvalambanam // 3 // 12 dhyAna kI sAdhanA ke lie saMsAra ke svarUpa ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai| jaba taka saMsAra ke kAryoM meM sukha aura mamatva buddhi banI rahegI taba taka dhyAna kA mahattva samajha meM nahIM A skegaa| ata: antaHkaraNa meM viveka ko jAgRta karanA hogaa| prAcArya zubhacandra kahate haiM ki tInoM lokoM meM vyApta karane vAlI moharUpI gADha nidrA ko jo naSTa karatA hai, vahI dhyAnarUpI amRta rasa kA pAna kara sakatA hai| bAhya para padArthoM se mamatva buddhi ko haTAkara hI dhyAna kA Ananda liyA jA sakatA hai| yogijanoM ne isa dhyAna ke siddhAnta ko svayaM prAcarita kiyA hai / ataH unase dhyAna ke svarUpa ko yadi sunA jAya to citta nirmala hotA hai| aise guNakArI dhyAna ko jaba AcaraNa meM lAyA jAtA hai to saMsAra ke sabhI du:khoM se chuTakArA mila jAtA hai punAtyAkaNitaM ceto datta zivamanuSThitam / dhyAnatantramidaM dhIra dhanyayogIndragocarama // 3 // 25 yogazAstra meM dhyAna ke svarUpa Adi para ciMtana karate hue usase sambandhita anya bAtoM para bhI vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| zubhacandra ne dhyAtA, dhyAna, dhyeya aura dhyAna kA phala, ina cAroM para vistAra se citana kiyA hai| zubhacandra laukika phala ke lie dhyAna kA upayoga karanA ThIka nahIM samajhate / ataH ve AdhyAtmika jAgati ke lie hI zubhadhyAna kA mahattva pratipAdita karate haiN| vaise hI AtmahitaiSI dhyAtA ko ve pramukhatA dete haiM, laukika yogI ko nhiiN| ve mAnate haiM ki jo yogI va sAdhu dhyAna ko jIvikA kA sAdhana banAte haiM, unheM lajjA pAnI caahie| unakA aisA dhyAna kabhI sArthaka nahIM ho sakatA / yaha dhyAna kA durupayoga hai / dhyAna ko, sAdhuveSa ko AjIvikA kA sAdhana banAnA mAtA ko vezyA banAne jaisA hai| yathA Asamastha tama Atmastha mama taba ho sake Azvasta jama
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________________ paMcama khaNDa /68 arcanArcana yatitvaM jIvanopAyaM kurvantaH kina lajjitAH / mAtuH paNamivAlambya yathA kecitgataSaNAH // 4 // 54 jJAnArNava ke anusAra saccA dhyAtA vahI ho sakatA hai, jisane vAstavika saMyama ko prApta kiyA hai / nirmala jJAna kI sAdhanA se jinakA antaHkaraNa pavitra hai, jagat ke sabhI jIvoM ke prati jinake mana meM dayA evaM saMrakSaNa kA bhAva hai, jo vAyu kI taraha parigraha ke moha se rahita haiM, ve hI yogI sacce dhyAtA haiM, dhyAna ke adhikArI haiN| jisa yogI ke dhyAnastha hone para prANavAyu kA saMcAra ruka jAtA hai, zarIra niyamita ho jAtA hai, indriyoM kI pravRtti ruka jAtI hai, netroM kA spandana naSTa ho jAtA hai, antaHkaraNa vikalpoM se rahita ho jAtA hai, moharUpI andhakAra naSTa ho jAtA hai tathA vizva ko prakAzita karane vAlA teja prakaTa ho jAtA hai, vaha yogI dhanya hai| vahI dhyAna ke zreSTha prAnanda ko anubhava kara sakatA hai / AcArya zubhacandra bhAratIya yogadarzana se acchI taraha paricita the| unhoMne apane grantha meM jaina, ajaina sabhI yoga-paramparAmoM kA prakArAntara se ullekha kiyA hai| prazasta dhyAna ke lie mana para saMyama prAvazyaka hai| vibhinna dArzanika mana ke saMyama ke lie alaga-alaga sAdhanoM kA ullekha karate haiM / yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi, yoga ke ina pATha aMgoM kA varNana bhAratIya paramparA meM vistAra se harA hai| inakA lakSya mana para saMyama pAkara yoga kI sAdhanA karanA hai| zubhacandra kahate haiM ki kucha dArzanika utsAha, nizcaya, dhairya, santoSa, tattvanizcaya aura dezatyAga, ina chaha aMgoM se bhI yogasAdhanA kI siddhi mAnate haiN| kucha yogI dhyAna kI sAdhanA meM kAraNa-catuSTaya-guru kA upadeza, upadeza para bhakti, satata ciMtana aura mana kI sthiratA-ko bhI anivArya mAnate haiN| AcArya zubhacandra kA mAnanA hai ki ina saba meM mana kI nirmalatA pramukha hai, jo mana ke saMyama se AtI hai / mana yadi svAdhIna hai to vizva svAdhIna ho jAtA hai| mana para saMyama vrataniyama Adi ke paripAlana aura rAga-dveSa para vijaya pAne se ho sakatA hai| mana kI zuddhi se hI karmamala kI zuddhi hotI hai| mana-zuddhi ke binA dhyAna sambhava nahIM hai / mana zuddha ho to dhyAna bhI zuddha hogA evaM karma bhI naSTa hoNge| yathA dhyAnasiddhi manaHzuddhiH karotyeva na kevalam / vicchinatyapi niHzaGkA karmajAlAni dehinAm // 2014 1. jJAnArNava, 3.14-17 2. ruddha prANapracAre vapuSi niyamite saMvatte'kSaprapaMce, netraspande niraste pralayamupagate'ntavikalpendrajAle / bhinne mohAndhakAre prasarati mahasi kvApi vizvapradIpe, dhanyo dhyAnAvalambI kalayati paramAnandasindhupravezam / / 5 / 22 3. utsAhAnnizcayAddharyAt saMtoSAttattvanizcayAt / munerjanapadatyAgAt SaDbhiryogaH prasidhyati / / 5 / 1 4. vahI, 5 / 1,1
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________________ jJAnArNava meM dhyAna kA svarUpa / 69 mana kI zuddhi dhyAna kI sAdhanA ke lie anivArya hai| zuddha mana se hI antaHkaraNa meM viveka jAgRta hotA hai, jo heya-upAdeya kA jJAna karAtA hai| mana kA saMyama sahI dhyAna kI kasauTI hai| prAcArya kahate haiM ki jo yogI svatantra pravRtta hone vAle citta ko nahIM jIta pAtA aura yadi vaha dhyAnI hone kA dAvA karatA hai to use lajjA pAnI caahie| kyoMki mana kI ekAgratA ke binA dhyAna sambhava nahIM hai| mana kI sthiratA hI dhyAna kI sAdhanA kA pramANa hai / jJAna se saMskArita sthira mana vAle yogI ke lie phira bAhya sAdhanAoM kI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii|' saMkSepa meM dhyAna kA lakSaNa spaSTa karate hue prAcArya kahate haiM ki jisake Azraya se mana ajJAna ko lAMghakara prAtmasvarUpa meM sthira ho jAya vahI dhyAna hai, vahI vijJAna hai, vahI dhyeya hai aura vahI tattva (paramArtha) hai tadhyAnaM taddhi vijJAnaM tadadhyeyaM tattvameva vaa| yena vidyAmatikramya manastattve sthirIbhavet // 2019 jJAnArNava meM dhyAna aura sAmyabhAva ko paraspara jur3A huA mAnA gayA hai| mana kI sthiratA, sAmyabhAva se jaise dhyAna kI sAdhanA sambhava hai, vaise hI ekAgra citta se kiye gaye dhyAna se prAtmA meM sAmyabhAva prakaTa hotA hai| ataH dhyAna kA uddezya bhI samatA hai aura sAdhana bhI samatA hai / samatA ko chor3akara anya kisI uddezya se kiyA gayA dhyAna prAtmakalyANaka nahIM ho sktaa| vazIkaraNa, pradarzana, camatkAra Adi ke lie kiyA gayA dhyAna durgati kA kAraNa banatA hai, aAtmahita kA poSaka nhiiN| isalie zubhacandra ne dhyAna ke pramukha cAra bhedoM kA bhI vistAra se varNana kiyA hai / mUlataH dhyAna do prakAra kA hai-prazasta dhyAna evaM aprazasta dhyAna / jo dhyAna vastusvabhAva ke yathArtha jJAna se rahita hai tathA jisameM mana kI sthiratA, saMyama nahIM hai, vaha aprazasta dhyAna hai tathA jahAM rAga-dveSa se rahita samatAbhAva hai evaM yathArthajJAna hai, vahA~ prazasta dhyAna hai / dhyAna ke pramukha cAra bheda jainaparamparA meM svIkRta haiM-prArtadhyAna, raudradhyAna, dharmadhyAna evaM zukladhyAna / inameM se prathama do dhyAna durdhyAna kahe gaye haiM, jo jIvoM ko atyanta duHkha dene vAle haiM, jabaki aMtima do dhyAna karmoM kI nirjarA karane meM samartha haiN| prArtadhyAna meM vyakti aniSTa vastuoM ke saMyoga se duHkha pAtA hai| viSa, kaNTaka Adi padArthoM ke saMyoga ke dhyAna se vyakti AtaMkita banA rahatA hai| kabhI vaha strI, putra, dhana-sampatti prAdi iSTa vastuoM evaM svajanoM ke viyoga kI kalpanA karake du:khI hotA rahatA hai, kabhI vyakti ko nAnA prakAra ke roga vedanA pahu~cAte rahate haiN| isa vedanA se bacane ke lie vyakti kA mana vikalpoM se bharA rahatA hai| aisA pArtadhyAnI vyakti kabhI bhaviSya meM hone vAle bhogoM se sukha-prApti kA nidAna karatA rahatA hai| ye sabhI prakAra ke vicAra prArtadhyAna ke dyotaka 1. yasya cittaM sthirIbhUtaM prasannaM jJAnavAsitam / / siddhameva munestasya sAdhyaM ki kAyadaNDanaiH / / -20 / 26 2. sAmyameva paraM dhyAnaM praNItaM vizvazibhi / --22113 3. jJAnArNava, 23 / 16-17 4. aniSTayogajanmAdyaM tatheSTArthAtyayAtparam / rukprakopAttRtIyaM syAnnidAnAtturyamaNimAm / / 23 / 22 Asamastha tama Atmastha mama taba ho sake Azvasta jama
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________________ paMcama khaNDa | 70 haiN| inase duHkha hI milatA hai| prArtadhyAna kA phala tiryaMcagati kI prApti kahA gayA hai| arcanArcana duSTa abhiprAya vAlA prANI jaba hiMsA, asatya, corI, viSaya-sevana Adi meM prAnanda mAnane lagatA hai aura inhIM kAryoM kA ciMtana karatA rahatA hai to usako raudradhyAna hotA hai| dUsare ke apayaza kI abhilASA karanA evaM dUsaroM ke guNoM va upalabdhiyoM se IrSyA karanA raudradhyAna vAle vyakti kI pahicAna hai| aisA vyakti jJAna aura vicAroM se rahita hokara dUsaroM ko Thagane meM lagA rahatA hai| ye pAta evaM raudra dhyAna pAparUpI vakSoM kI jar3a haiM, jinake phalasvarUpa narakAdi ke duHkha bhogane par3ate haiN|' jJAnArNava meM tIsare dharmadhyAna ko savIryadhyAna bhI kahA gayA hai| moha ke andhakAra se nikalakara saMsArasvarUpa evaM prAtmasvarUpa kA ciMtana karanA dharmadhyAna hai| prAtmasvarUpa kA ciMtana kara yogI jaba apanA dhyAna siddhAtmA meM lagAtA hai aura svayaM apane ko bhI paramAtmA banA letA hai to vaha zukladhyAnI kahalAtA hai| yahI parama dhyAna hai| bheda-vijJAna se isa dhyAna kI siddhi hotI hai| prAcArya zubhacandra ne apane isa grantha meM apane pUrvavartI evaM samakAlIna pramukha prAcAryoM ke granthoM se dhyAna viSayaka sAmagrI ko prakArAntara se grahaNa kiyA hai| grantha ke sampAdaka paM. bAlacandajI zAstrI ne apanI bhUmikA meM isa para vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai| usase jJAta hotA hai ki zubhacandra bahuzrata vidvAna evaM yogI AcArya the| prAcArya rAmasena ke tattvAnuzAsana aura jJAnArNava ke viSaya meM paryApta samAnatA hai| dhyAna ke bheda-prabhedoM ke vivecana meM zubhacandra ne adhika vistAra kiyA hai| mAruti, tejasi, prApyA (vANi) jaisI dhAraNAoM kA yahA~ ullekha hai tathA mahAmudrA, mahAmantra, mahAmaNDala jaise pAribhASika zabdoM kA bhI prayoga hai / padmasiMhamuni dvArA viracita jJAnasAra prAkRta grantha kA viSaya bhI jJAnArNava meM samAyA huA hai| jJAnasAra meM pratIndriya, mantra-tantra se rahita, dhyeya-dhAraNA se vimukta dhyAna ko 'zUnyadhyAna' kahA gayA hai| jJAnArNava meM isI zUnyadhyAna ko 'rUpAtIta' dhyAna nAma diyA gayA hai| yathA cidAnandamayaM zuddhamamUrta jJAnavigraham / smaredyatrAtmanAtmAnaM tadra pAtItamiSyate // 3716 jJAnArNava aura prAcArya hemacandra ke yogazAstra ke viSaya meM hI nahIM, usake prastutIkaraNa meM bhI apUrva samAnatA hai| jJAnArNava meM dhyAna viSayaka sAmagrI kucha bikharI huI evaM vistRta hai, jabaki yogazAstra meM sarala DhaMga se subodha zailI meM dhyAna kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki yogazAstra paravartI grantha hai| dhyAna ko mokSa kA AdhArabhUta kAraNa mAnane meM donoM prAcAryoM kA mata eka hai| ve mAnate haiM ki mokSa karmoM ke kSaya se hotA hai / vaha karmoM kA kSaya pAtmajJAna se sambhava hai aura vaha prAtmajJAna dhyAna ke mAdhyama se prApta hotA hai| yathA 1. jJAnArNava 24 / 41-42 2. amI jIvAdayo bhaavaashcidcillkssmlaaNchitaaH| tatsvarUpAvirodhena dhyeyA dharme manISibhiH / / 28 / 18
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________________ jJAnArNava meM dhyAna kA svarUpa | 71 mokSaH karmakSayAdeva sa samyagjJAnajaH smRtH| dhyAnabIjaM mataM taddhi tasmAttaddhitamAtmanaH / / -jJAnA. 259 evaM yogazAstra 4 / 113 isI prakAra maharSi pataJjali ke yogasUtra kA bhI jJAnArNava se ghaniSTha sambandha hai| zubhacandra ne yogasUtra ke yama Adi pATha aMgoM kA ullekha karake unake sthAna para jainadharma ke anusAra anya pAribhASika zabda dene kA prayatna kiyA hai| yama ke samakakSa bAraha bhAvanAoM evaM . ahiMsA Adi pAMca mahAvratoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| AjIvana vratoM ke pAlana ko yama evaM sImita kAla taka vratoM ke pAlana ko niyama kahA gayA hai| prAsana kA dhyAna ke lie donoM paramparAoM meM pramukha sthAna hai| jJAnArNava meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prAsana se mana meM sthiratA Aye vahI Asana yogya hai / prANAyAma evaM pratyAhAra ko samAna rUpa meM donoM granthoM ne dhyAna kI puSTatA ke lie svIkArA hai| dhAraNA ke kArya meM donoM meM samAnatA hai| yogasUtra meM citta kI ekAgratA ko dhAraNa karane ko dhyAna kahA gayA hai / jJAnArNava meM isI bAta ko prakArAntara se nirUpita kiyA gayA hai ki saMsarga se rahita hokara eka hI vastu kA jo sthiratApUrvaka cintana kiyA jAtA hai, usakA nAma dhyAna hai ekacintAnurodho yastaddhayAnaM bhAvanA: praa:| athavA cintana ko anya viSayoM kI ora se haTAkara kisI eka viSaya kI ora lagAnA hI dhyAna hai dhyAnamAhurapaikAgracintArodho budhottmaaH| 23 / 14 yogasUtra meM jise samAdhi kahA gayA hai, use jJAnArNava meM zukladhyAna kahA hai| isa prakAra yadi sUkSma adhyayana kiyA jAya to bhAratIya yoga-sAdhanA ke parijJAna ke lie jJAnArNava kA viSaya vizeSa mahattva kA hai| kyoMki isameM yoga kI kaI paramparAmoM evaM vidhiyoM ko surakSita rakhA gayA hai| jJAnArNava meM dhyAna ke varNana ke sAtha-sAtha prakArAntara se jaina-sAdhanA ke kaI aMgoM kA bhI varNana ho gayA hai| granthakAra kA yahAM yaha lakSya pratIta hotA hai ki dhyAna kA upayoga sAMsArika sukhoM kI prApti ke lie nahIM, apitu prAtmA ke vAstavika svarUpa ko jAnane ke lie kiyA jAnA caahie| vahI prAdhyAtmika dhyAna parama Ananda kA srota ho sakatA hai| -adhyakSa jaina vidyA evaM prAkRta vibhAga sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya udayapura (rAja.) Asanastha tama Atmastha mama taba ho sake Azvasta jana