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________________ gujarAtI bhASAnA dvirukta zabda ane temanuM vargI ka ra Na prabhAzaMkara rA. teraiyA koI paNa bhASAnA zabdabhaMDoLamAM dvirukta zabdo (Reduplicatives) mahattvanuM sthAna dharAve che. gujarAtI bhASAmAM paNa dvirukta zabdo ApaNA zabdakozanuM eka mahattvanuM aMga che. dvirukta eTale ekanA eka aMzano ke ghaTakano evAra prayoga. AvA prayoga traNa kakSAe maLI Ave che : (1) vAkyanI (Sentence) kakSAe (2) vAkyakhaMDanI (Phrase) kakSAe (3) zabdanI kakSAe. ' * cAlyo Ava cAlyo Ava.,' 'khola mA bola mA, vagere vAkyakakSAnA dvirukta prayoga che. 'sUDI sUDIne ThekANe rahI.,' 'rAkSasa khAuM khAuM karato Avyo.,' 'vAMcatAM vAMcatAM rAta pasAra karI.' vagere vAkyakhaMDanI kakSAnI dviruktinA prayogo che. prastuta lekhamAM mAtra zabdakakSAnA dvirukta zabdonI carcA ane vargIkaraNa karavAmAM AvyAM che. dhvani (Sound)nI jema ruikti thAya che tema arthanI (Meaning) paNa dvirukti thAya che. jemake, 'dhanadolata,' 'lAjazarama,' 'kAgaLapatra', 'jIvajAna' vagere. parabhASAno eka alpaparicita lAgato zabda spaSTa karavA mATe tenI sAthe paricita bhASAno pracalita zabda viSNu rUpe jANe ke mukAto hoya tema bane che. A prakAranA ghaDataranuM valaNa pramANamAM ghaNuM jUnuM che. A prakAranA zabdone DaoN. sunItikumAra ceTarjIe 'bhASAntara samAsa' (Translation Compounds) evuM vizeSa nAma ApyuM che.! AvA prakAranA zabdono judo ja varga che jemAM arthanI dvirukti thatI hoya che. AvA arthanI dviruktinA tattvane bAkAta rAkhI, dvirukta zabdonuM svarUpa ApaNe A pramANe nizcita karI zakIe ke jemAM dhvanimUlaka mULa dhaTakanI dvirukti thatI hoya te ja dvirukta zabda O 1 juo temanA lekha : 'polIgloTIjhama Ina InDo-Aryana' : dhI sevantha oNla inDiyA oNriyenTala kaoNnpharansa : vaoN0 1 : vaDodarA : 1933 : pR0 177-189,
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________________ gujarAtI bhASAnA dvirukta zabda ane temanuM vagIkaraNa : 231 mAtra dhvaninI nahi paNa dhvanimUlaka ghaTakanI dikti thavI joIe eTalI spaSTatA Avazyaka che, kAraNake mAtra dhvaninI dviruktithI dvirukta zabda kahI zakAya nahi. ravAnukArI (Onomatopoetic) zabdomAM mukhyatve ravanuM bhASAmAM varNa dvArA anukaraNa karavAmAM AvatuM hoya che. Tananana, khaLaLaLa, bhaDaDaDa, jhaLaLaLa, bhaDaDa, ghararara jevA zabdone dvirukta zabdo kahI zakAya nahi paraMtu temAMthI sAdhita thayelA ke temanAM rUpAntara anukrame TanaTana, khaLakhaLa, bhaDabhaDa, jhaLajhaLa, bhaDabhaDa, gharadhara spaSTa rIte dvirukta prayoga che, kAraNake temAM dhvanino mULabhUta ghaTaka dvirukta thayo che. ghaNIvAra gujarAtImAM be akSaravALA (Syllable) vizeSaNanA bIjA akSarano vyaMjana jyAM bhAra devo hoya tyAM bevaDAvavAmAM Ave che. bIjI rIte kahIe to gujarAtImAM ghaNuMye dvi-akSarI vizeSaNonAM rUpa hoya che : eka bhAramukta (unemphatic) ane bIjuM bhArayukta (Emphatic) temanI vacceno bheda bIjA vyaMjananI hasvatA-dIrghatA dvArA darzAvAya che; jemake : sAcuM-sAcuM, pAkuMpAkuM, mIThuM-mIThuM, khATuM-khATuM, beThuM-beThuM vagere. A eka mAtra abhivyaktinI paddhati che ane baMne rUpa pracalita che. bIjuM rUpa vizeSa bolImAM maLe che. temane dvirukta zabda na gaNI zakAya. ATalI carcA pachI e spaSTa thaze ke dvirukta zabdanA ghaDataramAM dhvanimUlaka eka ghaTaka ke saMpUrNa aMganI dikti thAya che te zabdanuM svarUpa samasta ke asamasta hoya. atyAra sudhI ApaNe vidvAnone dirata zabdanuM AvuM svarUpa spaSTa na hatuM tethI teoe karelA temanA vargIkaraNamAM moTe bhAge atArkikatA ane azAstrIyatA AvI gayelAM che. kamaLAzaMkara prA. trivedI, narasiMharAva dIveTiyA, navalarAma trivedIe gujarAtInA ane zrI esa. ema. kanTee inDo-Aryana dvirukta prayogonAM vargIkaraNanI yojanA vize vicAraNA karI che. temanA A viSayanA kAryanI vizeSatA ke maryAdAnuM vivecana atre aprastuta che tethI mAtra temaNe karelI vargIkaraNanI yojanA pUratI ja carcA A lekhamAM maryAdita rAkhavAmAM AvI che. prathama temanA vargIkaraNanI saMkSepamAM carcA karI aMte gujarAtI dvirukta zabdonuM ghaDatara, kArya ane svarUpanI daSTie vargIkaraNa ApavAmAM AvyuM che. kamaLAzaMkara trivedI : dviraktinI vyAkhyA, svarUpa, prakAra vagerenI carcA kamaLAzaMkare karI nathI. prathamathI ja diktinA sAta prakAra ApI dIdhA che. prakAranuM lakSaNa ApI tenAM udAharaNa ApavAmAM AvyAM che. A vargIkaraNamAM koIpaNa prakAranI vyavasthA ke zAstrIyatA jaNAtI nathI. A kula sAta prakAro mULa kayA tatvane AdhAre pADavAmAM AvyA che tenI kazI paNa spaSTatA maLatI nathI. bIjA prakAranI vyAkhyA A pramANe che : "diktinA be zabdamAM prathama zabdane vibhakti lAgelI hoya che ke tene anya svara dIrgha thayelo hoya che ke temAM pheraphAra thayelo hoya che ane bIjo mULa svarUpamAM hoya che." tenI nIce vizeSaNanA upazIrSaka nIce ApelAM udAharaNa saMpUrNa rIte asaMbaddha che, tema ja sarvanAmanA upazIrSaka nIce ApelAM udAharaNomAM te ja sthiti che. jemake, cAra cAra, pAMca pAMca, koNa koNa, zuM zuMmAM vyAkhyA pramANe prathama zabdane nathI vibhakti lAgI ke tenI anya svara dIdhe thayo nathI ke temAM kazo pheraphAra thayo nathI. prastuta vargIkaraNamAM vAkyanI kakSAnI dizakti bIjA varganA kriyApadanA zIrSaka nIce darzAvI che. jemake, "jA jA, Ava Ava, bola bola" ane te pachI tarata ja te cAlato cAlato Avyo.." 2 "gujarAtI bhASAnuM bRhad vyAkaraNa' muMbaI, 1919. prakaraNa 31 pR0 389-394.
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________________ ra3ra : zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNa mahotsava carthI te doDato doDato gayo."mAM A vAkayakhaMDanI kakSAnI dikti che. Ama vAyakalA, vAyakhaMDa-kakSA ane zabdakakSA vacce kazo bheda jaNAvAyo nathI. A uparAMta svaninI dikti ane arthanI dikti baMnenI carcA karI che paNa tenI vacce spaSTa bhedarekhA dorAI nathI. pAMcamA prakAramAM dhvanine lakSamAM rAkhI varga yojyo hoya tema lAge che, jyAre sAtamA prakAramAM "paryAya zabdathI dvirukti thAya che," ema jaNAvyuM che eTaluM ja nahi, paNa ApelAM udAharaNa yojelI vyAkhyA sAthe asaMgata che; jemake, "tIkhuM tamatamuM, lAlacoLa, kALuMmeMza'mAM paryAyo sAthe yojAyA ja nathI. Ama kakSA, dhvani ane artha vaccenI avyavasthAne lIdhe AkhAye vargIkaraNanI yojanA atArkika ane azAstrIya banI gaI che. - narasiMharAva dIveTiyA : narasiMharAva yugmacArI zabado ne "vAsaNasaNAdi gaNanA nAme oLakhAve che. A zabdo "ghoDobojevA zabdothI judA che ema jaNAvI temanuM vargIkaraNa Ape che. temanA mate "ghoDoloDo mAM ghoDo ane tenA jevuM, evo artha nIkaLe che tyAre prastuta zabdayumomAM ityAdi' evo artha nIkaLe che. teo A prakAranA zabdonA traNa varga pADe che : (1) jemAM prathama ghaTaka sAthe hoya tevA zabdo : jemake, vAsaNasaNa...TekADhayA...dIkaThAka vagere. (2) jemAM ditIya ghaTaka sAthe che tevA zabdo : jemake, AsapAsa. ADozIpADozI. ArapAra vagere. (3) jemAM baMne ghaTaka sArtha che tevA zabdo : jemake, rAcaracIluM...jIvajaMta..pheraphAMTo vagere. narasiMharAvanuM A AkhuM ye vargIkaraNa athati che. temanA dhyAnamAM yugmacArI zabdo ja che tethI ApaNI dRSTie A vargIkaraNa anukULa Ave tema nathI. "ityAdi arthavALA zabdone lIdhA che tema teo jaNAve che; paNa "ThIkaThAka" "ArapAra' jevA aneka udAharaNo sAthe teno meLa besato nathI. Ama chatAM bIjo varga spaSTa rIte dvirukta zabdono che. paNa viSayanA abhigamanI daSTi ja judI che, tethI ApaNA mATe A yojanA taddana nirupayogI che. navalarAma trivedI : navalarAma trivedI narasiMharAvanA vargIkaraNane AdhArabhUta mAnI temAM vizeSa prabheda pADe che. prathama to teo narasiMharAvanA trIjA varganA traNa prabheda pADe che : (1) eka ja zabda be vakhata vaparAya-jhaTajhaTa, mora mora, AgheAghe, cheTe che, UUMce, dUradUra. (2) eka ja arthavALA be judA judA zabdo vaparAya temAM bIjA zabdano uddeza vagere darzAvavAno hoya che, jemake, kAgaLapatra, haiyAM chokarAM, hamaThekANuM, kAmakAja, cIjavastu, bAvAsAdhu, lAjaAbarU, phika ciMtA. 3 "gujarAtI leIjha eNDa lITarecara': bhAga-2 muMbaI, 1932, 50 178-180 4 "buddhiprakAza': julAI-sapTembara ! aMka 3: 1936 : 50 263-267,
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________________ gujarAtI bhASAnA dvirukta zabda ane temanuM vagIkaraNa : 233 (3) maLatA arthavALA zabdo jemAM bIjA zabdane uddeza pahelA zabdanA arthamAM umero karavAno che. narasiMharAve gaNavela A varganA (trIjA varganA) sarva zabdo A peTAvibhAgamAM AvI zake temAM vagere jevo artha paNa koIvAra nIkaLe. jemake, mAnamaratabo. narasiMharAvanA trIjA vargamAM ATaluM saMzodhana karI navalarAma temAM eka svataMtra cotho varga umere che, jemAM chUTaka baMne zabda artha vagaranA hoya che paNa bhegA thAya tyAre temAMthI artha nIkaLe che; jemake, akadaka, ekeDa, aAMgajAMga, aDIdaDI. navalarAmanuM A vargIkaraNa narasiMharAvanA anusaMdhAnamAM ja che ane mukhyatve arthAzrita che. narasiMharAvanA trIjA varganA ApelA traNa peTAvibhAgamAMnA prathama peTAvibhAgamAM spaSTa rIte dhvaninI dviruti che, tyAre bIjA peTAvibhAgamAM bhASAntara-samAsa che. navalarAme cothA vargamAM darzAvela akadaka, aDIdaDI spaSTa rIte narasiMharAve jaNAvelA bIjA varganAM ja udAharaNa che. TUMkamAM narasiMharAvanAM vargIkaraNanI maryAdAo A vargIkaraNanI paNa che. arthanI aspaSTatA ane sApekSatAne lIdhe vargIkaraNamAM Dagale Dagale matabhedanI saMbhAvanA rahe che. A uparAMta moTA bhAganA zabdo dvirukta nathI. zrI esa. ema. ka: zrI kae ApelI vargIkaraNanI paddhati sUkSmadarza ane diktionAM svarUpa ane kArya para prakAza nAkhanArI che. A viSaya pratyeno temano abhigama zAstrIya ane Adhunika bhASAvijJAnanA siddhAMtonI UMDI sUjha upara AdhArita che. zrI ka dvirukta zabdonA mukhya cAra varga A pramANe Ape che : (1) varNa ke varNasamUhanI dviruktivALA ravAnukArI zabdo. (2) saMjJAmUlaka, vizeSaNamUlaka, sarvanAmUlaka, ane sArvanAmika vizeSaNamUlaka, saMkhyAdarzaka mUlaka, kriyAmUlaka ane kriyAvAcaka padamUlaka AkreDita racanAvALA zabdo. (3) baMne ghaTaka sArtha hoya tevA prAsamUlaka zabdo. (4) jemAM eka ja ghaTaka sAthe hoya tevA pratidhvanyAtmaka zabdo. udAharaNa nIce pramANe che: (1) varganAM udAharaNaH inaThana, DabhaDabha, taDataDa vagere. (2) varganAM udAharaNa (1) saMsAmUlaka : ghaDIghaDI. (2) vizeSaNamUlaka : jarAjarA, garamagarama. (3) sarvanAmamUlaka : ApaApaNuM. (4) sArvanAmika vizeSaNamUlaka (Pronominal Adjectives) : jemajema, tematema. 5 buleTana oNpha Dekakana kaoNleja sarca insTiTayuTa', pUnA. vaoNlyuma ekamano lekha-'uDuplIkeTijha Ina InDo-Aryana', I. sa1939-40, 50 60-70,
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________________ 234 : zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNa mahotsava grantha (5) saMkhyAdarzakamUlaka : ekaeka, ee, (6) kriyAvAcaka padamUlaka (Verbal Formation) : ramataramata. (3) varganAM udAharaNo : jaMtaramaMtara, rahyuMsahyuM, ramatagamata. (4) varganA e prabheda paDe che : (a) prathama dhaTaka sAthe hoya tevA zabdo : jemake, navuMsavuM, sAcamAca. (A) khIjo ghaTaka sAthe hoya tevA zabdo : jemake, ADozIpADozI. X X dvirukta zabdonAM ghaDatara, svarUpa ane artha : vargIkaraNa te dvirukti saMjJA Ama to koI paNa zabda, zabdAMza ke dhaTakanA eka AvartananI vAcaka che. paNa A uparAMta AvRtta ke dvirukta zabdonAM khIjAM paNa keTalAMka lakSaNo che, e bhulAvuM na joI e. AmAMnuM eka, tarata najare caDe tevuM lakSaNa te dviruktiomAM pravartatuM prAsanuM tattva che. dvirukta zabdomAM temanA ghaTako vacce eka ke vadhAre akSarono prAsa jovA maLe che. vaLI keTalIka dviruktiomAM eka dhaTaka khInna ghaTakanA khIbA uparathI navesarathI dhaDAyo hoya evuM paNa jovA maLe che. A uparAMta dvirukta zabdonA be ghaTaka vacceno saMbaMdha judI judI kakSAno hoya che. tadna svataMtra vyaktitva dharAvatA dhaTakothI mAMDIne khAsa pRthakkaraNathI judA pADIe to ja judA paDe evA ghaTako sudhInI saMbaMdhanI kakSAo joI zakAya che. eTale dvirukta zabdonA vargIkaraNanI koI paNa zAstrIya yojanA A hakIkato upara lakSya kendrita karIne ja yojAvI joI e te dekhItuM che. X prastuta lekhamAM dvirukta zabdonAM vargIkaraNano prayAsa che. vAkya ane vAkyakhaMDanA dvirukta prayogonI ApaNe AgaLa carcA karI paNa hakIkatamAM dvirukta zabdo jevo vargIkaraNano prazna temanA saMbaMdhe nahi rahe. vyAkaraNanI dRSTie temanA vargo pADavA saraLa che, zrI kannenA vargIkaraNano bIjo prakAra eTale ke Ardrati prakAranA dvirukta zabdonA prakAramAM thoDo pheraphAra Avazyaka che. mULa pANini pramANe vIpsA ke AbhIsthya sUcavavA je dvirukti thAya che tenA bIjA padane ja Amruti kahevAmAM Ave che. vIpsA eTale pratyekatA (Distributive Sense) evo artha che, tyAre AbhINya dvArA kriyAmAM sAtatya ane utkaTatA sucavAya che. gharadhara, gAmagAma vIpsAnAM; ane mArAmArI, doDAdoDa, dodoDa AbhINyanAM udAharaNa che. Ama to A eka vyAkaraNanI paddhati che paNa te dvArA je rUDha prayogo banyA che teno vIpsAmUlaka athavA AvartanamUlaka dvirukta zabdo evo varga Ubho karI zakAya. dvirukta zabdonA dhaDatara dvArA kAM to vIpsA ke pratyekatAno artha sadhAya che, kAM to abhINya ke kriyAnA sAtatya ane ugratA sadhAya che, kAM to ravAnukaraNa vyakta thAya che athavA to prAsaracanA ane te dvArA keTalIkavAra samUhabhAvanI abhivyakti sadhAya che. A hetune anulakSIne dvirukta zabdonuM vargIkaraNa karavuM Avazyaka ane iSTa che. zrI kannenI yojanAmAM paNa A ja dhoraNa moTe bhAge anusmRta che, tasya paramAmevitam / (8-1-2)
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________________ gujarAtI bhASAnA dvirukta zabda ane temanuM vagIkaraNa ra35 ATalI vicAraNAne lakSyamAM rAkhI gujarAtI bhASAnA dvirukta prayogonuM vargIkaraNa A pramANe yojI zakAya ? (1) vasAvAcaka ke AvartanavAcaka dvirukata zabdo: (ka) saMyojaka vinAnA dvirukta zabdo : (1) mULa ghaTakanI avikala dvirukitavALA H jemake, ekaeka, beba, pharIpharI, mAMDamAMDa bhale bhale vagere. (2) jemAM mULa ghaTakano aMtima aMza lupta thayo che tevA : jemake, eTaeTaluM keTakeTaluM, ApaApaNuM, TharaTharAva, ThekaThekANe vagere. (kha) saMyojakavALA dvirukta zabdoH (1) A--saMyojakavALAH jemake, akaDAakaDI, cAcaDI, UbhAUbha, kheMcAkheMcI, mArAmArI vagere, (2) e-saMyojakavALA : jemake, kAnekAna, gAmegAma, ghareghara vagere. (3) o--saMyojakavALA: jemake, aDadhoaDadha, kAnokAna, aMgo aMga, najaronajara, bhavobhava vagere. (4) anusvAra-saMyojakavALA jemake kUdA, gALaMgALI, ThoThoka, dodoDa, polaMpola vagere. (2) ravAnukArI dvirukta zabdo : (ka) ghaTakanA avila AvartanavALA 0i zabdo : (1) saMyojaka vinAnA jemake, khaTakhaTa, gaTagaTa, gharaghara vagere. (2) saMyojakavALA : (a) A--saMyojakavALA : kacAkaca, kaDAkaDa, caTAcaTa, dhabAdhaba, chanAna vagere. (A) -saMyojakavALA : TapoTapa, TocaTa, phaTophaTa, sabosaba vagere. (kha) ghaTakanA AMzika parivartanavALAH (mULa zabdanuM ghaDatara ravAnukArInuM, paNa be ghaTaka vacce prAsa) khaLabhaLa, khaTapaTa, gaDabaDa, caDabhaDa vagere. (3) prAsasAdhaka dvirakta zabdo (ka) jemAM baMne ghaTako pracalita ke sArtha hoya tevA dvirukta zabdo : jemake, banyuMjavuM, rahyuMsahyuM, AvakajAvaka vagere. (kha) jeno eka ghaTaka pracalita ke sArtha che ane bIjo ghaTaka pratidhvanyAtmaka (Echo or Jingle) che tevA dvirukata zabdo. (1) pAchalo ghaTaka prati vanyAtmaka (a) AghavyaMjanane sthAne bekAravALAH gharabara, kAmabAma. (A) AdyAkSaranA svaranA parivartanathI sadhAyelA.
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________________ 236 : zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNa mahotsava cantha (1) saMyojaka vinAnA kApakUpa, pUchapAI, thIMgaDathAgaDa vagere. (2) saMyojakavALA kApakUpI, DAghAghI vagere. (I) sapUrNa AdyAkSaranA parivartanavALA vAsaNasaNa, addhara paddhara, uparAchAparI, AkhuMpAchuM vagere. (2) Agalo ghaTaka pratibhavanyAtmaka: (a) saMyojaka vinAnA : ADozI pADozI, aDIdaDI, vagere. (A) saMyojakavALA : adalAbadalI. A pramANe samagra rikta zabdo mULa mukhya traNa vibhAgamAM vibhAjita karIne piTAvibhAga pADI zakAya. dareka ghaDatarane tenI paraMparA ane ItihAsa che.