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________________ - gopAdau devapattane vi0 saM0 1469 (san 1412 I0 ) meM kundakundAcArya ke pravacanasAra kI AcArya amRta candakRta "tatvadIpikA " TIkA kI eka pratilipi vIramendradeva ke rAjyakAla meM gvAliyara meM kI gaI thii| isake pratilipi kAla aura pratilipi sthala ke viSaya meM usameM nimna likhita paMktiyAM prApta hotI haiM - vikramAditya rAjye'smizcaturdaparezate / navaSaSThyA yute kiMnu gopAdrI devapattane // vIramendradeva gvAliyara ke tomara rAjA (san 14021423 I0 ) the aura TIkA ke pratilipikAra ne unake gar3ha gopAdri ko "devapattana" kahA hai / kucha jaina tIrthamAlAoM meM bhI gvAliyara kA ullekha prasiddha jaina tIrtha ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai / " ina ullekhoM se aisA jJAta hotA hai ki kabhI gvAliyara kI gaNanA prasiddha jaina tIrthoM meM kI jAtI thI aura jaina dharmAvalambiyoM ke lie vaha "devapattana" thA / 1. gar3ha gavAlera vAvana gaja pratibhA bandu RSabha raMgarolI jI // 14 bAbana gaja pratimA gar3ha guvAleri sadA sobhatI // 33 // gvAliyara kI vaha mahimA aba nahIM rahI hai / vaha mahimA kisa prakAra upalabdha huI thI aura vaha phira kisa prakAra naSTa ho gaI isake itihAsa kI khoja abhI taka samyak rUpa se nahIM kI gaI hai, yadyapi isa kArya ko sampanna karane ke liye bahuta adhika sAmagrI abhI bhI upalabdha hai / isa viSaya se sambaddha itane adhika zilAlekha, mUrtikhaNDa tathA sAhityika ullekha prApta hote haiM ki unakI ora aba taka samartha vidvAnoM kA dhyAna AkarSita honA cAhiye thA / usa sAmagrI ke AdhAra para na kevala uttarI madhyapradeza meM jaina dharma ke vikAsa kA itihAsa supuSTa rUpa se likhA jA sakatA hai, varan usa pradeza ke madhyayuga kA rAjanItika aura sAMskRtika itihAsa bhI prAmANika rUpa se jAnA jA sakatA hai / 325 tomaroM ke itihAsa kI sAmagrI kI khoja karate samaya mujhe aisA jJAta huA ki aba taka hama jisa sAmagrI ko itihAsa - nirmANa kA pramukha AdhAra mAna kara cale haiM, vaha bahuta prAmANika nahIM hai| isa krama meM yaha dhAraNA bhI puSTa huI hai ki samakAlIna jaina sAhitya * hariharanivAsa dvivedI // saubhAgya vijaya tIrthamAlA, pR0 98 / - tIrthamAlA, pR0 111 /
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________________ meM aisI aitihya sAmagrI prApta hotI hai jisake AdhAra samyak rUpa se nahIM kiyA hai, varan, ina kSetroM ke para madhyayuga ke itihAsa kI khoI huI kar3iyoM ko jor3A rAjanItika aura sAMskRtika itihAsa se paricaya prApta jA sakatA hai aura kucha bahuta bar3I bhUloM ko sudhArA karane ke lie hI jaina srotoM kA adhyayana kiyA hai| jA sakatA hai| yahA~ eka udAharaNa hI paryApta hai| usI AnuSaMgika adhyayana ke krama meM jaina dharma ke vikAsa lagabhaga cAra zatAbdiyoM se bhAratIya itihAsa meM yaha kI kucha rUparekhA bhI sAmane AI hai| dillI meM jaina bAta nirvivAda mAnI jAtI hai ki pRthvIrAja cauhAna dharma ke vikAsa kI gAthA yahAM asambaddha hai, yahAM kevala dillI kA rAjA thA, aura yaha rAjya use usake pUrvaja gvAliyara kSetra meM jaina dharma ke vikAsa kI upalabdha vigraharAja caturtha se dAya meM milA thA; arthAt, vigraharAja sAmagrI para kiMcita prakAza DAlanA abhISTa hai| caturtha ne kabhI san 1151 I0 meM tomaroM se dillI jIta lI thii| yadyapi IsavI caudahavIM aura pandrahavIM jaina dharma ke vikAsa kA itihAsa atyanta prAcIna zatAbdI ke kucha jaina muni bhI isa bhrama se abhibhUta the, hai / parantu gvAliyara kSetra meM usake vikAsa kA itihAsa tathApi, samakAlIna jaina racanAeM yaha nirvivAda rUpa se bahuta prAcIna nahIM hai, athavA yaha kahanA ucita hogA ki siddha karatI haiM ki cauhAnoM ne tomaroM se dillI kabhI IsavI sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva ke isa kSetra ke nahIM jItI thI aura pathvIrAja cauhAna kA dillI se jaina dharma ke vikAsa ke itihAsa kI sAmagrI kI abhI kabhI koI sambandha nahIM rahA thaa| usakA rAjya khoja nahIM kI jA sakI hai| . zAkambharI pradeza taka sImita thA aura usakI rAjadhAnI sadA ajamera hI rahI / yadi ye jaina grantha usa samaya saba se prAcIna anuzru ti padmAvatI kI prApta upalabdha ho jAte jaba bhArata kA itihAsa likhe jAne hotI hai| IsavI prathama zatAbdI ke AsapAsa mathurA, kA prArambhika prayAsa kiyA jA rahA thA, taba hamArI kAntipurI, padmAvatI aura vidizA meM nAga rAjAoM aneka pIr3hiyAM dillI kA azuddha itihAsa par3hane se baca kA rAjya thaa| unameM se kucha ko nirvivAda rUpa se jaatiiN| aba vaha azuddhi hamAre mastiSka paTala para itanI samrAT kahA jA sakatA hai| ina cAroM nagaroM meM gaharI khacita ho gaI hai ki use miTAne meM bhI bahuta kAntipurI aura padmAvatI gvAliyara kSetra meM haiN| samaya laga sakatA hai| padamAvatI vartamAna samaya meM pavAyA nAmaka choTe-se grAma ke rUpa meM vidyamAna hai aura kAntipurI ke sthAna para gvAliyara pradeza ke madhyayugIna itihAsa granthoM meM kutavAra nAmaka grAma hai / jisa samaya ye donoM sthAna hatanI bhayaMkara bhaleM to nahIM thIM, phira bhI kucha thIM mahAnagaroM ke rUpa meM base hue the usa samaya gopAdri avazya / samakAlIna jaina grantha, jaina mUrtilekha Adi se gopoM arthAt gopAloM kI bhUmi thA aura usakA vizeSa na kevala una bhaloM ko sadhArA jA sakatA hai, varana jo mahatva nahIM thaa| tathya aba taka ajJAta hI haiM una para viSada prakAza DAlA jA sakatA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki gvAliyara kSetra meM jaina durbhAgya se padmAvatI (pavAyA) tathA kAntiparI dharma ke vikAsa ke itihAsa kA adhyayana na kevala jaina (kutavAra) kA abhI taka vistRta purAtAtvika anveSaNa dharma ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie upayogI evaM sphUrtidAyaka nahIM huA hai| ina sthAnoM para utkhanana karane para aisI hai, varana bhArata ke rAjanItika aura sAMskRtika itihAsa prAcIna sAmagrI prApta hogI jisase yahAM jaina dharma kI ko bhI Thosa dharAtala pradAna karatA hai| maiMne gvAliyara sthiti para prakAza pdd'egaa| Aja jaisI sthiti hai usameM yA dillI kSetra meM jaina dharma ke vikAsa kA adhyayana kevala anuzra ti se kAma calAnA pddegaa| 326
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________________ jainiyoM kI caurAsI upajAtiyoM meM eka "padmAvatI hai vaha jainoM dvArA bhI pUjita ho sakatI hai, parantu puravAla" bhI hai| isI upajAti meM pandrahavIM zatAbdI nizcayAtmaka rUpa se use jaina pratimA nahIM kahA jA meM raidhU nAmaka jaina kavi huA thA / vaha apane Apako sakatA / usa yuga ke sabhI vyApArI yakSa pUjA karate "pomAvai-kula-kamala-divAyaha" likhatA hai / padmAvatI the| kubera ko bhI ve yakSa hI mAnate the / yahI kAraNa puravAla apanA udgama brAhmaNoM se batalAte haiM aura hai ki prAcIna rAjamArgoM para base nagaroM meM yakSoM kI apane Apako pUjyapAda devanandI kI santAna kahate haiN| mUrtiyAM bahuta milatI haiM / ve usa samaya ke sArthavAhoM jaina jAtiyoM ke Adhunika vivecakoM ko padmAvatI ke ArAdhya devatA the| una sArthavAhoM meM adhikAMza jaina puravAla upajAti ke brAhmaNa-prasUta hone meM ghora Apatti hote the| hai| parantu, itihAsa padmAvatI puravAloM meM pracalita anuzruti kA samarthana karatA hai| jise ve "pUjyapAda isake Age lagabhaga pAMca-chaha zatAbdiyoM taka devanandI" kahate haiM vaha padmAvatI kA nAga samrAT cambala aura sindhu ke bIca ke pradeza ke sandarbha meM jaina devanandI hai / vaha janma se brAhmaNa thaa| usakI mudrAeM dharma ke vikAsa yA astitva kA koI pramANa hameM nahIM atyadhika saMkhyA meM padmAvatI meM prApta hotI haiM jina mila sakA hai / yahA~ para ullekhanIya hai ki isI bIca para "cakra" kA lAMchana milatA hai aura "zrI devanAgasya" gopAcalagar3ha para kucha halacala hone lagI thii| vahAM yA "mahArAja devendra" zru tivAkya prApta hote haiN| kisI rUpa meM kucha vastI basa gaI thii| san 520 I0 devanAga kA anumAnita samaya pahalI IsavI zatAbdI meM arthAt, mihirakula hUNa ke rAjya ke pandrahaveM varSa meM hai / padmAvatI puravAloM meM pracalita anuzru ti tathA mAtRceTa ne gopAgiri para sUrya kA mandira banavAyA thA, padmAvatI ke devanAga kA itihAsa eka-dUsare ke pUraka yaha tathya zilAlekha kI sAkSya se siddha hai| mAtRceTa ke haiM / jJAta yaha hotA hai ki devanandI athavA usake kisI zilAlekha meM gopAdri kA varNana saMkSipta rUpa meM diyA putra ne jaina dharma grahaNa kara liyA thA aura usakI saMtati gayA hai-"gopa nAma kA bhUdhara jisa para vibhinna dhAtueM apane Apako padmAvatI puravAla jaina kahane lgii| prApta hotI haiM / '' ina dhAtuoM ko prApta karane ke lie jaina muni aura jaina vyApArI kabhI eka sthala para baMdha- mAnava zrama Avazyaka rahA hogA, aura AsapAsa mAnava kara nahIM rahate / ye padmAvatI puravAla samasta bhArata nivAsa ho gayA hogA / kucha sAdhu-santa bhI vahAM rahane meM phaila gae, tathApi ve na to pUjyapAda devanandI ko bhUle lage hoMge, parantu ve siddha yogI the| aura na apanI dhAtrI padamAvatI ko hI bhUla ske| gopAcalagar3ha aura usake Asa-pAsa jaina dharma ke ___ padmAvatI meM abhI taka koI prAcIna jaina mUrti vikAsa ke krama meM yazovarmana ke rAjakumAra Ama kA nahIM khojI jA sakatI hai| usakA kAraNa yahI hai ki nAma ullekhanIya hai| prabandhakoza ke anusAra, gopAlagiri usa sthala para abhI koI vistRta utkhanana huA hI durga-nagara kAnyakubja deza meM thA aura use kannauja ke nahIM hai| vahAM para jo mANimadra yakSa kI pratimA milI pratApI rAjA yazovarmana ke pUtra Ama ne apanI rAjadhAnI 2. dvivedI, madhyabhArata kA itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR. 471 / 3. dvivedI, gvAliyara rAjya ke abhilekha kra. 6161 327
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________________ banAyA thA / isa Ama ne bappabhaTTi sUri kA ziSyatva grahaNa kiyA aura gopagiri para eka sau eka hAtha lambA mandira banavAyA jisameM vardhamAna mahAvIra kI vizAla pratimA sthApita kI gii| badhyamaTTicarita tathA prabhAvaka carita se bhI isa anuzruti kI puSTi hotI hai| " Ama " yadi yazovarmana kA rAjakumAra hai taba usakA samaya 750 I0 mAnA jaaegaa| gopAcalagar3ha para jaina mandira nirmANa kA yaha prathama ullekha hai Ama dvArA nirmita | jaina mandira bahuta samaya taka astitva meM rahA / saMbhavataH use terahavIM zatAbdI meM kabhI tor3a diyA gayA thaa| yaha har3atApUrvaka kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa mandira meM utkIrNa mUrtiyAM atyanta puSTa mUrtizilpa kA udAharaNa thiiN| abhI hAla hI meM sindhiyA pablika skUla ke itihAsa ke prAdhyApaka zrI Arthara hyUja ko gar3ha para gaMgotAla ke kacare meM eka mUrtikhaNDa prApta huA hai| bhAratIya mUrtikalA ke avazeSa kI yaha apratima upalabdhi hai aura AThavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt kI nahIM hai usa samaya gvAliyara ke AsapAsa anya jaina mandiroM kA bhI nirmANa huA thaa| lekhaka ke sagraha meM jo jaina caukhammA hai vaha use murAra nadI ke pAsa eka baMgale meM prApta huA thA vaha bhI AThavIM zatAbdI kI kRti jJAta hotA hai / telI ke mandira ke prAMgaNa meM aneka jaina mUrtiyAM rakha dI gaI haiN| unameM se aneka AThavIM aura nauvIM zatAbdI kI jJAta hotI haiN| gUjarI mahala saMgrahAlaya meM bhI AThavIM aura nauvIM zatAbdiyoM kI aneka jaina mUrtiyAM haiM, parantu unake upalabdha hone ke sthaloM kA patA nahIM cltaa| unameM se aneka gvAliyara gar3ha athavA gvAliyara nagara se prApta huI hoNgii| 1 paTTi sUri upadeza se Ama ne jo vizAla jaina mandira banavAyA thA, usake avazeSa mejara janarala kaniMghama ne bhI dekhe the| vaha sAsabahU mandira tathA hathiyA paura ke bIca meM sthita thA usa para eka vi0 saM0 1165 (san 1108 I0) kA zilAlekha bhI milA thA, jisameM kevala varSa hI par3hA jAtA thaa| zrI kaniMghama ne anumAna yaha kiyA thA ki yaha mandira san 1108 I0 meM nirmita huA thaa|' yaha kathana ThIka jJAta nahIM hotaa| yaha vahI jaina mandira thA jo san 750 I0 ke AsapAsa Ama ne banavAyA thA / vi0 saM0 1165 kA zilAlekha jIrNodvAra se sambandhita hogA / vi0 saM0 1165 meM koI navIna jaina mandira gopAcalagar3ha para nirmita nahIM huA thA, na ho sakatA thA / kannauja ke pratIhAra rAjA parama vaiSNava the| rAmadeva tathA bhojadeva ne gopAcalagar3ha ko apanI dUsarI rAjadhAnI banAyA thaa| caturbhuja mandira ke zilAlekha tathA anya zilAlekhoM se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki rAmadeva pratIhAra ne gopAcalagar3ha para svAmi kArtikeya kA mandira banavAyA thA aura Anandapura (gujarAta) ke bAisabhaTTa ko "maryAdA" (sImAoM kA rakSaka ) niyukta kiyA thaa| vi0 saM0 932 (san 875 I0) ke shilaa| lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki isa bAillabhaTTa kA putra alla gar3ha kA koTTapAla thA aura usane apane pitA kI smRti meM bAislabhaTTa svAmin viSNu kA mandira banavAyA thaa| parantu isakA yaha Azraya kadApi nahIM hai ki pratIhAroM ke samaya meM jaina dharma ke anuyAyiyoM para koI pratibaMdha lagAyA gayA thaa| bhArata kA rAjatantra samasta prajAdharmoM ke poSaNa kI nIti apanAtA thA / jisa samaya kannauja ke pratIhAroM kA pratApa sUrya pUrNa prabhAmaya hokara astAcalagAmI ho rahA thA, usI samaya cambala kI upatyakA meM eka navIna asijIvI varga saMgaThita ho rahA thA sthAnIya kacchapAnvaya varga ko 4. Arkolojikala sarve riporTa, bhAga 2, pR0 363 1 dvivedI, gvAliyara rAjya ke abhilekha, kra0 8 tathA 415 5. 328
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________________ parAjita kara usane kacchapaghAta viruda dhAraNa kiyaa| zilAlekha se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki usa mandira meM isI vaMza meM parama pratApI vajradAman kacchapaghAta huA mahAcAryavarya devasena kI pAdukA kA pUjana hotA thaa| jisane nagAr3e bajAte hue kannauja ke rAjA ko parAjita mahAcArya devasena ne isa kSetra meM dharma kI pratiSThA bahuta kara usase gopAdrigar3ha jIta liyaa| isa vavadAmana adhika bar3hAI thii| kacchapaghAta ke rAjyakAla kI eka jaina pratimA sUhAniyA sabase vicitra zilAlekha madhusUdana kacchapaghAta ke meM prApta huI hai jisa para vi. saM. 1034 (san 977 I.) kA mUrtilekha hai aura mahArAjAdhirAja vavadAmana ke ziva mandira kA hai| vi. saM. 1161 (san 1104 I.) ke ziva mandira ke isa zilAlekha ke racayitA nirgranthanAtha rAjyakAla kA ullekha hai / jJAta yaha hotA hai ki isa navodita kacchapaghAta zakti ke pIche jaina muniyoM kA yazodeva haiN| usa samaya bhI gvAliyara meM hindU aura mastiSka kArya kara rahA thaa| zyopura jile ke dubakuNDa jainoM meM pUrNa sauhArdra thaa| nAmaka sthAna para vi. saM. 1145 (san 1088 I.) ke parantu parama vaiSNava aura zaiva kacchapaghAtoM ke vikramasiMha ke zilAlekha se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki , rAjyakAla meM kabhI-kabhI unake rAjyAdhikArI jainiyoM vikramasiMha ke pitA arjuna kacchapaghAta ne rAjapAla ko saMkaTa utpanna kara dete the| kacchapaghAta mUladeva pratIhAra ko mAra DAlA thaa|' yaha arjuna vidyAdhara (bhavanakamalla) ke rAjyakAla meM kucha rAjyAdhikAriyoM candela kA mitra thA / vikramasiMha ke zilAlekha ne gopAcalagar3ha para sthita vardhamAna mahAvIra ke mandira ke racayitA haiM zAntiSeNa ke ziSya vijayakIti / pUjA-arcA ke lie jainiyoM kA abAdha praveza banda kara vajradAmana ke samaya ke jaina mUrtilekha tathA vikrama diyaa| maladhArI gaccha ke zrI abhayadeva sUri gvAliyara siMha ke dubakuNDa ke zilAlekha ke bIca 110 varSa padhAre aura unhoMne bhuvanakamalla ko upadeza diyA / kA antara hai| jJAta yaha hotA hai ki isa bIca uttarI rAjA ne punaH samasta jainiyoM ko vardhamAna ke mandira meM gvAliyara kSetra meM digambara jaina sampradAya paryApta prabhAva pUjA-arcA kI anumati de dii| zAlI ho gayA thaa| sAsabahU ke mandira (bar3e) arthAt padmanAbha viSNu ke mandira ke vistRta zilAlekha kA ___kacchapaghAtoM ke pazcAt gvAliyaragar3ha punaH pratIracayitA yadyapi govinda kA putra maNikaNTha hai, tathApi hAroM ke adhikAra meM aayaa| hameM koI aisA sAkSya vaha digambara yazodeva dvArA likhita hai| yaha spaSTa hai upalabdha nahIM hai jisase yaha jJAta ho sake ki gvAliyara ki gvAliyara ke kacchapaghAtoM kI rAjasabhA meM digambara ke ina pratIhAroM ke samaya meM jaina dharma kI isa kSetra meM jaina muniyoM kA paryApta sammAna thaa| vi. saM. 1152 ___kyA sthiti thii| parantu yaha sunizcita hai ki unhoMne kyA sthiti thii| parantu yaha suni (san 1095 I.) ke dubakuNDa ke jaina mandira ke jaina dharma ko utsanna karane kA koI kArya nahIM kiyaa| 6. dvivedI, gvAliyara rAjya ke abhilekha kra. 20 / 7. vahI, ka. 54 / 8. dvivedI, gvAliyara rAjya ke abhilekha, kra. 55 tathA 56 / 9. vahI, kra. 581 10. vahI kra. 61 / 326
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________________ antaHsalilA ke samAna jaina muni apanA pracAra karate para adhikAra kara liyA thA aura dillI ke sultAna rhe| parantu isa kSetra kA gulAma sultAnoM dvArA vijita nAsiruddIna ko parAjita kara apanI svataMtra sattA sthApita kiyA jAnA sabhI bhAratamUlIya dharma sAdhanAoM ke lie kara lI thii| isa ghaTanA ke pUrva gvAliyara kSetra meM jaina ghAtaka siddha huA thaa| iltutamiza ne Ama ke prasiddha dharma ke vikAsa ke kucha bikhare hue pramANa hI upalabdha mahAvIra mandira ko bhI dhvasta kara DAlA aura use hue haiN| isa kSetra meM san 1400 I. ke pUrva kA na to masjida banA diyaa| ___ koI jaina grantha hI upalabdha huA hai aura na jaina muniyoM evaM zrAvakoM kI gatividhiyoM kI koI jAnakArI hI isI bIca jaina dharma naravara meM vikAsa kara rahA prApta huI hai| kucha mUrtiyoM evaM zilAlekhoM se yaha jJAta thaa| jaina dharma kI naravara meM vAstavika unnati jajja hotA hai ki isa kSetra meM jaba-jaba kisI sthAnIya zakti pella vaMza ke samaya meM huI hai| cAhaDadeva se gaNapatideva ne turka sultAnoM ke varcasva se sampUrNa yA AMzika prANa (san 1247-1298 I.) taka yaha rAjavaMza naravara para prApta kiyA tabhI bhAratamUlIya dharmoM ke anuyAyiyoM ne rAjya karatA rahA; una rAjAoM ke rAjyakAla meM apane ArAdhanA sthaloM kA nirmANa yA punarnirmANa prAraMbha naravara meM jaina dharma kA bahuta adhika vikAsa huA / kara diyaa| yaha bhI sunizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA vi. saM. 1314 (san 1257 I.) se vi. saM. 1324 hai ki hindU tathA jaina dharmoM ke anuyAyI, donoM binA (san 1267 I.) ke bIca nirmita saikar3oM jaina mUrtiyA~ kisI jhagar3e ke sAtha-sAtha apane mArga apanAte rahe / naravara meM prApta huI haiM11 naravara ke ina rAjAoM ke parantu mUrtiyoM aura mandiroM kA nirmANa mAtra dhArmika zilAlekhoM ke adhikAMza pATha jaina sAdhuoM dvArA cintana ke svarUpa para prakAza DAlane ke lie paryApta viracita haiN| nahIM hai| ina mUrtiyoM ko prazraya denevAle mandira isI bIca kabhI svarNagiri kSetra meM bhI jainapaTTa sAMskRtika pravRttiyoM ke prazraya ke pramukha sthala hote the| sthApita ho gayA thaa| raidhU ne sammaicarita meM svarNa- durbhAgya se jo-kucha avaziSTa hai vaha usa dharmasAdhanA kA giri ke kASThAsaMgha ke bhaTTArakoM kI vaMza paramparA dI bAhya rUpa hI hai, usakI AtmA hameM upalabdha nahIM ho hai| usameM dubakUNDavAle devasena ko prathama bhaTTAraka prathama bhaTTAraka sakI hai| usa samaya ke samasta mandira tathA unameM batalAyA hai / san 1411 I. ke pUrva isa paTTa para viracita sAhitya kAlagati athavA mAnava dvArA naSTa devasena, vimalasena, dharmasena tathA sahasrakIrti paTTAsIna kara die gae aura ve pramANa anupalabdha ho gae ho cuke the| agale bhaTTAraka guNa kIrti (san 1411 jinase usa yuga ke cintana ke svarUpa ko jAnA jA 1429 I.) ne apanA paTTa gvAliyara meM sthAnAntarita sktaa| parantu yaha mAnanA bhUla hogI ki usa samaya kara liyA thA aura yahIM se svarNagiri tathA naravara ke ke isa kSetra ke jaina sAhitya kA aba astitva hai hI jaina saMghoM kA niyaMtraNa hone lagA thaa| nahIM / svarNagiri, naravara, gvAliyara, magaraunI, jhAMsI cambala ke kinAre sthita aisAha ke choTe-se tomara Adi ke jaina mandiroM ke jJAna bhaNDAroM meM hajAroM grantha jAgIradAra vIrasiMhadeva ne san 1394 I. meM gopAcalagar3ha abhI bhI surakSita haiM, jinakI prati varSa ghUpadIpa dekara 11, naravara aura zivapurI kSetra meM vi. saM. 1206 (1149 I.) se hI jaina mUrtiyA~ prApta hone lagatI haiN| dekhiye, dvivedI, gvAliyara rAjya ke abhilekha kra. 72, 73, 74,76, 77 tathA 84 / 12. dvivedI, tomaroM kA itihAsa, dvitIya bhAga, pR. 28-29 / 330
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________________ pUjA kI jAtI hai, durbhAgya se unheM koI par3hatA nahIM hai, na unakI sUciyAM banI haiN| jisa dina yaha kArya sampanna ho sakegA, isa kSetra ke jaina dharma ke vikAsa ke itihAsa ko sajIva rUpa diyA jA sakegA / san 1394 I. meM gvAliyara ke tomara rAjya kI sthApanA ke sAtha hI isa kSetra ke itihAsa paTala para se andhakAra kA pardA haTa jAtA hai / rAjanItika evaM sAMskRtika itihAsa ke sAtha-sAtha jainadharma ke vikAsa kA itihAsa bhI atyaMta sajIva rUpa se pratyakSa hone lagatA hai| jaina mUrtiyoM ke zilAlekha aura jaina muniyoM evaM jaina paNDitoM kI racanAe~ bahuta vistRta aura atruTa jAnakArI prastuta karatI haiN| unake AdhAra para gvAliyara kSetra kA aura sAtha hI jaina dharma ke vikAsa kA itihAsa bahuta vistAra ke sAtha prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai / gvAliyara ke tomara rAjya ke saMsthApaka vIrasiMhadeva ( san 1375-1400 I.) ziva aura zakti ke upAsaka the / vi. saM. 1439 (san 1382 I.) meM unhoMne vIrasiMhAvaloka nAmaka vaidyaka grantha kI racanA kI thii| ve jyotiSa, dharmazAstra evaM vedoM ke prakANDa paNDita the / unake dvArA durgAbhakti taraMgiNI ko bhI racanA kI gaI thI / parantu sAtha hI ve jaina dharma ke prati bhI anudAra nahIM the / unake samaya meM zrIkRSNagaccha ke prasiddha AcArya zrI jayasiMha sUri gvAliyara Ae the / vIrasiMhadeva ke sabhApaNDita zAGgadhara tathA jayasiMha sUri ke bIca zAstrArthaM bhI huA thA / usa zAstrArthaM kA vivaraNa jayasiMha sUri ke ziSya nayacandra sUri ne apane hammIra mahAkAvya meM diyA hai| nayacandra sUri ne likhA hai, " sUriyoM ke isa cakra ke krama meM, jinake carita vismaya ke AvAsa the, zrI jaryAsaha sUri hue, jo vidvAnoM meM cUr3AmaNi the, unake dvArA sAraMga ko vAdavivAda meM parAjita kiyA gayA / yaha sAraMga una kaviyoM meM zreSTha thA jo SabhASA meM kavitA kara sakate the, tathA vaha prAmANikoM ( nyAya zAstriyoM) meM agraNI thA / " kevala nayacandra kI sAkSI ke AdhAra para yaha mAnanA kaThina hai ki zAGgadhara jayasiMha sUri se zAstrArtha meM parAjita hue the, parantu yaha sunizcita hai ki tomararAjasabhA sUrijI kI jJAna garimA se bahuta adhika prabhAvita huI aura gvAliyara meM jaina dharma ke advitIya vikAsa kA sUtrapAta huA / vIrasiMhadeva ke pazcAt unake yuvarAja uddharaNadeva (san 1400-1402 I.) rAjA bne| unake choTe-se rAjyakAla kI koI ghaTanA jJAta nahIM ho sakI hai| jaina dharmaM ke vikAsa ke lie atyadhika mahatvapUrNa uddharaNadeva ke yuvarAja vIramadeva (san 1402 -- 1423 I.) kA rAjyakAla hai / vIramadeva svayaM ambikAdevI aura ziva ke bhakta the / sAtha hI ve jaina dharma ko bhI prazraya dete the / unakA pradhAna maMtrI kuzarAja jaina thA / vIrama tomara ke samaya meM gvAliyara meM jaina dharma kA prabhAva apane viziSTa rUpa meM dikhAI detA hai / deza ke anya bhAgoM meM usa samaya hindU aura jaina Apasa meM paryApta bhedabhAva mAnane lage the aura do naTakhaTa bhAiyoM ke samAna digambara aura zvetAmbara sampradAya ke anuyAyI bhI Apasa meM jhagar3ate the / parantu yaha manamuTAva kevala UparI thaa| vaha jo ho, vIramadeva ke samaya meM gvAliyara meM kucha aura prakAra kA dRzya dikhAI detA hai / yahA~ kA rAjA ziva-zakti kA ananya upAsaka aura maMtrI atyanta dharmaparAyaNa jaina thA / parantu donoM ke nijI dharma eka-dUsare ke pUraka dikhAI dete haiM / usa samaya gvAliyara ke jaina paTTa ke bhaTTAraka the guNakIrti (san 14111429 I.) / bhaTTAraka guNakIrti ne jaina kAvya yazodhara carita likhAyA ajaMna kavi padmanAtha kAyastha se / yadyapi usI samaya vIramadeva kI rAjasabhA meM nayacandra sUri jaise mahAkavi bhI the, tathApi unhoMne jaina carita na likhakara hammIra mahAkAvya tathA rambhA maMjarI likhe, arthAt jaina 331
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________________ sari kA kArya karatA hai vaiSNava kAyastha aura rAja- vIramadeva kI rAjasabhA ke eka ratna nayacandra sUri nIti kA upadeza dete haiM jaina sri| vIramadeva ke maMtrI kA ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai| zrIkRSNagaccha ke kuzarAja jaina ne gvAliyara kSetra meM jaina dharma ke vikAsa nayacandra para kASThA saMgha ke bhaTTAraka guNakIrti kA ke lie bahata kArya kiyA thaa| isa kArya meM use rAjA kitanA prabhAva thA, yaha jJAta nahIM hai| yaha avazya ne bhI pUrA sahayoga diyA thaa| vi. saM. 1367 (san kahA jA sakatA hai ki gvAliyara ke tomaroM ke rASTra1410 I.) meM suhAniyAM meM vIramadeva ne ambikAdevI kavi nayacandra sari ne apane rAjA kI rAjasabhA meM aisA ke mandira kA punanirmANa kiyA aura usI varSa pAsa meM vAtAvaraNa utpanna kara diyA thA jisake kAraNa jainetara hI caitranAtha kI vizAla jina mUrti kI pratiSThA kI nAgarikoM meM jaina muni bahata AdarAspada bana gye| Age gii| eka zatAbdI taka gvAliyara meM jaina dharma kI jo unnati huI usameM nayacandra sUri kA bahuta hAtha thaa| kuzarAja ne svayaM gvAliyara meM candraprabhu kA vizAla mandira banavAyA aura usakI pratiSThA kA utsava bahuta usa samaya isa pradeza ke hinda tathA jaina, sabhI turko samAroha ke sAtha kiyaa| usI samaya usane padmanAtha ke atyAcAra se pIr3ita the| usa samaya zAsaka aura se yazodhara carita kAvya likhane kA Agraha kiyA thaa| zAsita varga meM vidveSa kI khAI bahata bar3ha gaI thI / padmanAtha kAyastha ko isa racanA ke lie bhaTaTAraka zAsita varga ne yadyapi bahusaMkhyaka thA, tathApi vaha apanI yazaHkIrti kA AzIrvAda prApta huA thA aura kuzarAja jIvana-paddhati ko apanAne ke lie svataMtra nahIM thaa| ina jaina dvArA prazraya milA thaa| paristhitiyoM meM jo bhI vIra kisI turka sultAna se yuddha karane kA sAhasa karatA thA, use tatkAlIna bahusaMkhyaka kuzarAja kA eka tAmrapatra bhI prApta huA hai| yaha samAja rASTrIya vIra ke rUpa meM sammAna detA thA / vi. saM. 1375 (san 1418 I.) meM utkIrNa kiyA nayacandra sUri me rASTra kI isa bhAvanA kA samAdara gayA thaa| isake lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki kuzarAja kiyaa| hindU-jaina vivAda se bahuta Upara uThakara usane isa yaMtra kI pUjA pratidina kiyA karatA thA / apane yuga kI AkAMkSAoM aura AvazyakatAoM ko samajhA / brAhmaNa aura jaina sampradAyoM ke vandanIya vIramadeva ke rAjya kAla meM saMbhavataH bhaTTAraka devatAoM kI dviarthaka vaMdanA ke maMgala-zloka likhakara guNakIti kI preraNA se AcArya amRtacandrakRta pravacana usane apane hammIra mahAkAvya kA uddezya spaSTa karate sAra kI tatvadIpikA TIkA kI gii| amarakIti ke hue likhA-14 SaTakarmopadeza kI usa samaya gvAliyara meM pratilipi kI gaI thii| isa prakAra vIramadeva ke samaya se isa kSetra meM na la meM mAndhAtA, sItApati rAma aura kaMka kevala jaina mandiroM evaM mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa punaH prAraMbha (yudhiSThira) Adi pRthvI para kitane rAjA nahIM ho gae, huA, varan prAcIna jaina granthoM kA avagAhana bhI para una saba meM apane satvaguNa ke kAraNa, hammIra deva prAraMbha huaa| advitIya aura stavana yogya puruSa haiM / isa sAtvika vRtti 13. tomaroM kA itihAsa, dvitIya bhAga, pR. 50 / 14. hammIra mahAkAvya kra.8,9 tathA 10 / 332
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________________ vAle puruSa ne vidharmI zaka (alAuddIna) ko apanI putrI ... apanI vidvattA aura rASTra prema ke kAraNa nayacandra tathA apane zaraNa meM Ae vidharmI vyaktiyoM (mAhi- sUri ne tatkAlIna tomara rAjA, usakI "sAmAjika masAhi) taka ko na dene ke lie rAjalakSmI, sukhavilAsa saMsada" tathA anya nAgarikoM ko bahuta adhika prabhAvita aura apane jIvana taka ko tRNavat samajhakara usakA kiyA thaa| isa prabhAva kA upayoga bhaTTAraka yazaHkIrti, tyAga kara diyaa| jaina zreSTha aura zrAvakoM ne gvAliyara meM jaina dharma ko pratiSThita karane meM bahuta buddhimatApUrvaka kiyaa| "isalie rAjanyajana ke mana ko pavitra karane kI icchA se maiM usa vIra ke ukta guNoM ke gaurava se prerita vIramadeva tomara ke rAjyakAla meM hI kAlapI ke hokara usakA thor3A-sA carita varNana karatA huuN|" sultAna gvAliyara ke tomara rAjya ko ghera rahe the aura use har3apa jAnA cAhate the| kAlapI ke sultAnoM kA nayacandra sUri ne vIramadeva tomara ke samakSa hammIra- rAjya gvAliyara ke pAsa bhANDera taka phaila gayA thaa| deva kA Adarza rakhA thA / apane AtmasammAna kI rakSA sana 1435 I. meM gvAliyara ke tomara rAjA DUMgarendrasiMha ke lie tathA zaraNAgata kA pratipAlana karane ke lie, ne kAlapI ke sultAna mubArakazAha ko bhANDera para pUrNataH bhale hI vaha kisI dharma kA anuyAyI ho, yuddha meM prANa parAjita kara diyaa| isa yuddha meM DUgarendrasiMha ko bahuta denA zreyaskara hai| mahAkavi ke isa udbodha ne usa yuga adhika dhana bhI milA thA aura pratiSThA bhI / isa ke aneka rAjanyajana ke manoM ko pavitra kiyA thA aura vijaya ke upalakSya meM gvAliyara meM bahata bar3e samAroha ve apanI jIvana-paddhati kI rakSA ke lie yuddharata manAe gae / mahArAja iMgarendrasiMha ne apane rAjakavi viSNudAsa se pAMDava caritu (mahAbhArata) kI racanA kraaii| udhara sthAnIya jaina samAja ne bhI isa utsava nayacandra sUri kI dUsarI racanA raMbhAmaMjarI hai| meM parNa yogadAna diyaa| sAha khetasiMha ke putra kamalasiha rambhAmaMjarI meM sUtradhAra ne vyakta kiyA hai ki "grISma / ne gyAraha hAtha U~cI jaina pratimA kA nirmANa karAyA Rtu kI vizvanAtha yAtrA ke lie ekatrita bhadrajanoM kA aura vijaya kI isa zabha velA meM, mahArAja DUgarendrasiMha prabandha-nATya dvArA manoraMjana kiyA jaae|" nayacandra dra se isake pratiSThotsava ke lie AjJA maaNgii| rAjA ne ko jJAta thA ki jisa samAja ke lie vaha nATaka likha svIkRti dete hae kahA, "Apa isa dhArmika kArya ko rahA hai, usameM adhikAMza vizvanAtha kA bhakta hai, ataeva sampanna kiijie| majhase Apa jo mAMgeMge so duuNgaa|" usane usake abhinIta kie jAne ke lie vizvanAtha yAtrA kA samaya hI sunizcita kiyaa| raMbhAmaMjarI ke isI pratiSThotsava samAroha ke avasara para prasiddha maMgala zloka meM viSNu ke varAha rUpa kI vaMdanA kI gaI jaina kavi paNDita raidhU ne apanI prathama racanA sammatahai / jaina muni dvArA yaha maMgala zloka sAbhiprAya likhA guNa-nihAna prastuta kii| gayA thA aura vaha nayacandra sUri kI mahAna rASTrIya bhAvanA kA dyotaka hai| paMka meM phaMsI vizvA-pRthvI ko daMSTrAgra san 1435 I. kI isa ghaTanA ne gvAliyara ke para uThAkara uddhAra karanevAlI zakti kI tatkAlIna itihAsa ko bahata adhika prabhAvita kiyaa| agale 40 bhArata ko parama AvazyakatA thii|15 varSoM meM dillI, hisAra, candavAra Adi sthaloM se aneka hue the| 15. yaha smaraNIya hai ki varAhAvatAra ko gvAliyara ke tomaroM ne apanA rAjacihna banAyA thaa| ... 333
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________________ (eka patthara kI vAvar3I, para sthita, guhA mandira; jaina mUrti samUha) jana vyApArI gvAliyara Ate rahe / unameM se aneka isakA bhI pUrA vivaraNa prApta ho jAtA hai / vaha samasta yahA~ basa gae aura lagabhaga sabhI ne gopAcala ke kisI- vivaraNa yahA~ dene se prasaMga bahuta bar3ha jaaegaa| yahA~ ekana-kisI kone meM gRhAmandira banavAe tathA jaina granthoM kI do udAharaNa denA hI paryApta hai| racanA kI preraNA dI aura aneka prAcIna jaina granthoM kI pratilipiyA~ kraaii| ina samasta kAryoM ke pIche _raidhU ne "sammaijina-cariu" meM hisAra nivAsI bhaTTAraka yaza:kIti kI preraNA thii| eka agravAla jaina vyApArI kA bahuta vistRta vivaraNa diyA hai| sAhu narapati kA putra bIlhA phIrojazAha rAdha ke granthoM se tathA isa samama ke upalabdha lagabhaga tugaluka dvArA sammAnita vyApArI thaa| usI ke vaMza meM 40 mUrtilekhoM se DUgarendrasiMha aura kIrtisiMha ke samaya saMghAdhipati sahajapAla huA, jisane giranAra kI yAtrA meM gvAliyara meM hue jaina dharma ke vikAsa kA bahuta spaSTa kA saMgha calAyA thA aura usakA samasta vyaya bhAra vahana aura vistata itihAsa likhA jA sakatA hai| darjanoM kiyA thaa| sahajapAla kA pUtra sAha sahadeva bhI saMghAdhisaMghAdhipatiyoM, tathA saikar3oM zrAvakoM kA pUrNa vivaraNa pati thaa| usakA choTA bhAI tosar3a thaa| tosar3a kA sajIva rUpa meM jJAta ho jAtA hai| kisane kyA karAyA, putra khelhA thaa| bhaTTAraka yazaHkIrti kA AzIrvAda ,
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________________ prApta karane ke lie khelhA ne gopAcala para candraprabhu kI vizAla mUrti kA nirmANa kraayaa| usane hI raidhU se " sammaIjinacariu" grantha kI racanA karAI / raidhU ne meghezvara carita tathA pArzvanAtha carita meM eka aura vyApArI parivAra kA ullekha kiyA hai / yaha parivAra dillI se Akara gvAliyara meM basa gayA thA / sAhu kheU dillI se gvAliyara Akara yahA~ nagara seTha bana gae / kheU dvIpAntaroM se vastra aura ratna ma~gAkara vyApAra karate the / usane gopAcalagar3ha para vizAla jina mUrti bnvaaii| isa mUrti ke lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki usake pratiSThAcArya raidhU hI the / kheU ke putra kamalasiMha bhI gvAliyara meM hI rahe / unake dvArA AdinAtha kI gyAraha hAtha U~cI pratimA banavAI gaI / idhU ne kamalasiMha ke putra hemarAja kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| hemarAja kA vyApAra gvAliyara jaura dillI, donoM sthaloM para calatA thA / hemahAja saMghAdhipati bhI banA / 16. dvivedI, gvAliyara rAjyake abhilekha, kra. 293 1 335 usane gopAcalagar3ha para yugAdinAtha kI pratimA kA nirmANa karAyA / isa mUrti ke lekha meM gvAliyara ke mahArAja kIrtisiMha deva ko "hindU-suratrANa" kahA gayA hai| isI samaya eka aura sAhu padmasiMha ke darzana hote haiM / inhoMne apanI "caMcalA lakSmI' kA sadupayoga karane ke lie 24 jinAlaya banavAe, puSpadanta ke AdipurANa kI pratilipi karAI tathA eka lAkha grantha pratilipi karAkara bhaTTAraka yazaH kIrti ko bheMTa kie| kucha jaina sAdhviyoM ne bhI aneka guhAmandira banavAkara unake mUrtilekhoM para apane nAma aMkita karA die| cAlIsa varSoM ke samaya meM gvAliyara meM jaina dharma ke vikAsa ke lie jo kucha huA thA, usameM DUMgarendrasiMha aura kIrtisiMha kI udAra dhArmika nIti to pradhAna thI hI, tathApi isakA pramukha zreya bhaTTAraka guNabhadra ke ( ukhAI dvAra sthita khaNDita jaina pratimAaiM)
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________________ choTe bhAI aura ziSya bhaTTAraka yaza:kIrti ko hai| mAnasiMha ke rAjyakAla taka tomaroM kA gvAliyara unhIM kI preraNA se uttarI bhArata ke samRddha jaina vyApArI jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM ke lie "devapattana" banA rahA / gvAliyara kI ora AkarSita hae aura unhoMne gar3ha aura san 1523 I. meM mAnasiMha kA rAjakumAra vikramAditya nagara, donoM ko jainatIrtha kA svarUpa de diyA / bhaTTAraka (san 1516--1523 I.) ibrAhIma lodI dvArA parAyazaHkIti kI preraNA se hI paNDita ra idha ne aneka jaina jita huA aura use gopAcalagar3ha chor3a denA par3A / usake grantha likhe / tathApi bhaTTAraka yazaHkIrti kA bahuta / uparAnta "gopAdrI devapattane" meM kyA hotA rahA, yaha mahatvapUrNa kArya prAcIna jaina sAhitya kA punaruddhAra thaa| hamArA yahA~ varNya viSaya nahIM hai / hama eka bAta kaha sakate Aja svayaMbhU aura puSpadanta jaise mahAkaviyoM kI racanA haiM, usake uparAnta jaina sampradAya ke anuyAyI bhI yaha upalabdha na hotI, yadi gvAliyara ke jaina maTha meM bhaTAraka bhUla gae ki deza ke isa bhAga meM unake dharma ke vikAsa, yaza:kIti unakI pratilipiyA~ karAkara na rakhate / jisa pracAra aura prasAra ke lie kyA-kyA kiyA gayA thA, prakAra IsavI gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM gujarAta meM hemacandrA- kaisI mahAn vibhUtiyoM ne kitane ucca pratimAna sthApita cArya ne jaina dharma ke vikAsa ke lie bahamakhI prayAsa kiye the ? bhaTTArakagaNa guNakIrti aura yazaHkIrti ke kiyA thA, vaisA hI prayAsa mahAmuni yazaHkIti ne / gauravazAlI kRtyoM kA Aja kise smaraNa hai ? raidhU gvAliyara meM kiyA thaa| mAtra jaina-kathA lekhaka ke rUpa meM prakhyAta hai, usane - nItimida (mana 1459-1480 parata "tIrthezovRSabhezvaro gaNanuto gaurIzvaro zaMkaro" likhagvAliyara para kalyANa malla (san 1480-1486 I.) _kara RSabhadeva aura zaMkara kI ekarUpatA pratipAdita kara kA rAjya huaa| usa samaya taka bhaTTAraka yazaHkIrti kI dhArmika sahiSNutA kA bhI mArga prazasta kiyA thA, yaha kitanoM ko jJAta hai? kuzarAja jaina tathA zrI toDara mRtyu ho cukI thI / usI samaya dakSiNa ke kundakundAnvaya kSemazAha jaise pradhAna maMtriyoM ne, sAhu khelhA, kheDa, sarasvatIgaccha kA paTTa bhI gvAliyara meM sthApita ho gayA thaa| usa paTTa para bhaTAraka zubhacandra deva kamalasiMha Adi ne jaina dharma aura gvAliyara kI samRddhi AsIna the| ke lie kyA-kyA kiyA thA ye saba tathya pUrNataH mAnasiMha tomara (san 1486-1516 I.) ke bhulAye jA cuke haiN| kucha patthara bolanA cAhate haiM, inakI yazogAthA ve zatAbdiyoM se apane hRdaya-paTaloM rAjyakAla meM bhI gvAliyara meM jaina dharma kI pUrNa pratiSThA para aMkita kie par3e haiM, parantu unheM koI sunanA nahIM rhii| usakA pradhAna matrI khemazAha jaina thaa| usane caahtaa| vAstava meM san 1523 I. meM gvAliyara kA bhI saMghAdhipati yA siMghaI yA viruda liyA thaa| unake antima svataMtra rAjA vikramAditya hI parAjita nahIM samaya meM kASThAsaMgha ke paTTa para bhaTTAraka vijayasena huA thA, usake pradeza kI usake pUrva kI aneka pIr3hiyoM AsIna the| kucha navIna jaina mandira bhI bane the| dvArA kie gae sAMskRtika jAgaraNa ke kAraNabhUta sirImala ke putra catarU ne vi. saM. 1469 (san mahApuruSoM kI yazogAthA bhI bhulA dI gii| vijetAoM 1512 I.) meM nemIzvaragIta likhA thA / isameM kI vijayavAhiniyoM ke ghora du'dubhinAda meM unakI vANI tatkAlIna jaina samAja ke viSaya meM usane likhA hai tirohita homaI aura una senAoM ke prayANa se uDI dhula eka sovana kI laMkA jisI, tovara rAu sabala balavIra meM vaha gauravazAlI atIta daba gyaa| parAjaya kI yaha bhUyabala Apunu sAhasa dhIra, mAnasiha jaga jAnie / anivArya niyati hai| usa devapattana ke itihAsa-nirmANa tAke rAja sUkhI saba loga, rAja samAna karahi dina bhoga kI ora sakSama aura samartha vyakti AkarSita hoM. yaha jaina dharma bahuvidhi calai, zrAvaga dina ju kareM ssttkrm|| maMgala kAmanA hai|