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________________ . - . - . -. -. -. -. - . -. -. - . -. -. - . -. -. - . -. .-.-. -. -. -. -.-. -. -. dravya : eka anucintana // vaidya zrI rAjendrakumAra jaina, AyurvedAcArya dvArA DaoN0 daravArIlAla koThiyA (camelI kuTIra, DumarAva kAlonI, assI, vArANasI (u0 pra0)] Aja taka jitane bhI cintana yA vicAra sAmane Aye haiM, unakI viSayavastu yaha jagat yA jagat se jur3I huI koI vastu rahI hai| prAcIna kAla se hI vicArakoM ne jagat kA adhyayana kara sarvasAmAnya ke sAmane saMsAra evaM mokSa kA svarUpa upasthita kiyaa| yaha jagata dravyoM kA samUha hai, yaha nirvivAda satya hai| isakA adhyayana cintakoM ne apane-apane DhaMga se kiyA hai| 'd' dhAtu se 'dravya' zabda banA hai| 'guNAn dravanti' yA 'guNaH dra yante' ina do vyutpattiyoM se dravya kA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai / isakA artha yaha huA ki jo guNoM sahita hai, vaha dravya hai / Adhunika samaya meM dravya ko 'sabsaTensa' (Substance) zabda se jAnA jA sakatA hai| dravya ke jo lakSaNa vibhinna vicArakoM ne diye haiM, ve lagabhaga milate-julate haiM / yathA : 1. "yaMtrAzritAH karmaguNAH kAraNaM samavAyiyat / tad dravyaM ....|----crk 2. "kriyA guNavat samavAyikAraNamiti dravyam.."--vai0 sU0 3. "dravya lakSaNaM tu kriyAguNavat samavAyikAraNam...'.-suzruta 4. "guNavaryavad dravyam.......".---umAsvAmI, ta0 sU0 5 // 38 uparyukta lakSaNoM kA sAmAnya artha yaha hai ki, jisameM guNa aura paryAya raheM, vaha dravya hai| lekina AcArya umAsvAmI ne eka dUsarA lakSaNa bhI kiyA hai| unhoMne kahA hai ki "sad dravya lakSaNam" (ta0 sU0 5 / 26) arthAt dravya kA lakSaNa sat (honA) hai tathA sat ko bhI spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki utpAdvyayadhrauvyayukta sat (ta0 sU0 5 / 30) arthAt sat vaha hai jisameM utsAda (nayI paryAya kI utpatti), vyaya (purAnI paryAya kA nAza), tathA dhru vatA (svabhAva kI sthiratA) hai, aura antataH aisA dravya hI hai| vaizeSikoM dvArA pratipAdita dravya kA eka anya lakSaNa hai. "dravyatva jAtimatvaM dravyatvam" / yaha lakSaNa nirdoSa na hone se AcArya pUjyapAda dvArA samAlocita huA hai| unhoMne kahA hai ki "dravyayogAt dravyamiti cet, na, ubhayAsiddhaH / yathA daNDadaNDinoogo bhavati pRthaka, siddhayoH na ca dravyadravyatve pRthaka siddha staH / " isakA artha yaha hai ki jaise daNDa aura daNDI puruSa pRthaka siddha haiM aura unakA sambandha bhI siddha hai usI taraha dravya-dravyatva pRthaka siddha nahIM hai| yadi dravyatva ke yoga se dravya kahalAtA hai to vaha dravyatva svatantra rUpa se upalabdha honA caahiye| lekina dravya se dravyatva tathA dravyatva se dravya pRthaka siddha nahIM hai, ataH unakA sambandha bhI sambhava nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM dravyatva ke yoga se dravya kA lakSaNa mAnanA yukta nahIM hai|
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________________ 66464.4oooo 256 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa Adhunika vijJAna kahatA hai jisameM bhAra tathA Ayatana ho evaM jo hamArI jJAnendriyoM dvArA jAnA jA sake, use asya kahate haiN| yadyapi yaha vijJAna kabhI kucha tathyoM ko dravya mAnane ke lie taiyAra nahIM hai| dravyoM kA vargIkaraNa Adhunika vijJAna dravyoM ko do bhAgoM meM bAMTatA hai-sajIva dravya tathA nirjIva dravya vaizeSika nau dravya mAnate - satra pRthivyaptejovAyvAkAzakAladigAtmamanAMsi narvayeti / " - prazastapAda jainAcAryoM ne dravya ko do bhAgoM meM vargIkRta kiyA hai "jIvadavvAya ajIva davvAya " - anuyoga sUtra / punaH ajIva dravyoM ko unhoMne pA~ca prakAra kA batAyA hai - pudgala, dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAza aura kAla / "ajIvakAyAH dharmAdharmAkAzapudgalAH" "kAlazca" - tatvArtha sUtra ( 5-1, 30 ) isa prakAra jaina cintakoM ne ye pA~ca ajIva dravya tathA jIva dravya sahita chaha dravya batalAye haiN| tathA - yahA~ yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki jaina AcAyoM ne chaha dravya hI kyoM mAne ? vaizeSikoM kI taraha nau dravya kyoM nahIM mAne ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ina dravyoM ko chor3akara jIva aura pudgala ye sajIva evaM nirjIva do dravyoM ke uparyukta kathana se prakaTa do dravya vijJAna bhI spaSTa svIkAra karatA hai jaisA ki usake hai| vaizeSikoM ke jala, vAyu Adi koI pRthaka dravya svIkAra nahIM kiye, kyoMki Aja yaha siddha kara diyA gayA hai| ki ye koI svatantra dravya nahIM jala meM Hg tathA O kA saMyoga hai, vAyu, AksIjana, nAiTrojana Adi kA saMyoga hai tathA zakkara ( pArthiva ) Adi meM bhI C, H tathA O kA bhinna mAtrA kA saMyoga hI kAraNa hai| dizA to pratIcI udIcI Adi nirjIva dravyoM se hI vyavahArataH siddha hotI hai| vastutaH dizA svatantra koI dravya nahIM ? mana bhI paugalika dravya hai / vizeSa prakAra ke pudgala hI AtmA ke sAtha rahakara mana saMjJA pAte haiM / draSTa mana ( mastiSka ) jina prANiyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai vaha to sarAsara bhautika hai hI / anya dravyoM ke sambandha meM Age vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isa taraha vijJAna jaina darzana ke kitane hI najadIka A cukA hai ! dravyoM kI upalabdhi jIva dravya svAnubhava - pratyakSa, anumAna aura Agama ina tIna pramANoM se jAnA jAtA hai| pudgala bhI pratyakSAdi pramANoM se jAnA jAtA hai| dharma tathA adharmaM dravya jIva aura pudgaloM kI gati evaM sthiti meM hetu hone se aura kAla dravya dravyoM kI vartanA pariNati Adi meM hetu hone se anumAna aura Agama pramANa se jAnA jAtA hai| AkAza kA jJAna bhI anumAna tathA Agama pramANa se hotA hai / kevalI (sarvajJa) saba dravyoM ko pratyakSa pramANa se jAnate haiM / kahA hai jIva dravya kA svarUpa jIva ke lakSaNa AcAryoM ne milate-julate kiye haiM :-- "tatra cetanA (citI - saMjJAne dhAtu se niSpanna) lakSaNo jIvaH " - caraka / "jJAnAdhikaraNamAtmA" annaM bhaTTa / "upayogo lakSaNam ... umAsvAmI / yahAM hama dekhate haiM ki sabhI ne jIva kA lakSaNa 'cetanA' kiyA hai| AcArya amRtacandra ne jIva ko puruSa bhI - asti puruSazcidAtmA, vivarjitaH sparzagandharasavarNeH / guNaparyayasamavetaH samAhitaH samudayavyayadhovyaiH // Aja kA vijJAna sajIva dravyoM kA pArthakya janana, prajanana, zvasana, bhojana, vRddhi tathA maraNa se karatA hai| jaina AcAryoM ne ye lakSaNa saMsArI (sazarIrI jIva ) ke mAne haiN| : .
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________________ dravya : eka anucintana 257 . -.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-............ paJca vi indiyapANA, mnnkynnkaaytinnnniblpaannaa| ANappaNANaNA"..." || -gommaTasAra jIvakANDa / jIva dravya svasaMvedana-pratyakSa se hI jAnA jA sakatA hai| yadi koI kahe ki jIva to anumAna pramANa se hI jAnA jAtA hai| usakI janma, mRtyu, zvasana Adi kriyAoM ko dekhakara usakA anumAna hotA hai, yaha satya hai kintu svayaM kA anubhava bhI hotA hai ki maiM zarIra se pRthaka hU~ aura sukhI hU~, duHkhI hU~ tathA jAnane vAlA huuN| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina darzana meM samyak zraddhAna kI mahimA gAte hue kahA gayA hai ki AtmA kI vyAkhyA vacanoM se kahA~ taka kI jAye, yadi hama eka bAra sva ko samApta kara dekheM to saba samAdhAna ho sakatA hai / jitanI gaharAI meM utareMge utane hI AtmA ke tala meM pahu~ca jaayeNge| jIva saMkhyA meM aparisaMkhyeya haiM tathA 'sva' meM pUrNa, 'para' se nitAnta bhinna haiN| sabhI jIva samAna guNa-dharmoM se yukta evaM anekAntAtmakatA se yukta haiN| eka jIva aura sabhI jIva sampUrNa lokAkAza meM vidyamAna haiN| pratyeka jIva kA pramANa kama se kama lokAkAza ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga tathA adhika se adhika pUrNa lokAkAza ke barAbara hai| umAsvAmI ne isa viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie "pradezasaMhAravisarpAbhyAM pradIpavat" yaha udAharaNa diyA hai| arthAt jisa taraha prakAza kama yA adhika sthAna meM saMkoca yA vistAra kara sakatA hai usI taraha jIva bhI zarIra ke anusAra saMkoca vistAra kara sakatA hai| pudgala pudgala dravya kI ikAI paramANu hai| svatantra paramANu ko naMgI A~khoM se nahIM dekhA jA sakatA, lekina pudgala samUha ko dekhA jA sakatA hai / pratyeka paramANu meM ananta guNa-dharma hote haiN| inameM do viziSTa guNa hote haiM, jinheM zaktyaMza kahate hai| ye guNa haiMrU-kSatA evaM snigdhatA / ye donoM guNa sApekSa hote haiM / aNu evaM skandha kI utpatti umAsvAmI ne kahA hai-'bhedasaMghAtAbhyAM utpadyante bhedAdaNuH' "bhedasaMghAtAbhyAM cAkSuSaH" "snigdha rUkSatvAdabandhaH", "na jaghanyaguNAnAm" "guNasAmye sadRzAnAma dvayadhikAdiguNAnAM tu / " arthAt skandhoM ke bhedana (tor3ane) se aNu tathA aNuoM ko saMhita karane (jor3ane) se skandha kI utpatti hotI hai| yaha kriyA snigdha aura rUkSa zaktyaMzoM ke nimitta se hI hotI hai lekina jaghanya zaktyaMzoM se nhiiN| jaise tela meM pAnI nahIM milatA vaise sAmAna zaktyaMzoM se bhI bandha nahIM hotaa| jaise mAnA ki do ATA ke aNu haiM ve taba taka nahIM mileMge jaba taka ki unameM do kama zaktyaMza vAlI vastu na mile / yadi unake bIca meM mAtrAnusAra pAnI mila jAye to bandha ho jaayegaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki ATA gaMdhate samaya ATe se Adhe yA usase bhI kama bhAga pAnI kI jarUrata hotI hai| yahI artha 'vyadhikAdi' sUtra se spaSTa hotA hai| yadi samAna bhAga pAnI milA diyA jAye to ATA piNDIbhUta nahIM hogaa| donoM ATA paramANu samAna guNa hone se binA kisI prAdhyama ke nahIM ba~dha sakate yaha artha hai "guNasAmye sadRzAnAm" kaa| Aja kI bhASA meM ina zaktyaMzoM ko hama ilekTrAna kaha sakate haiN| kyoMki Aja vaijJAnika bhI yahI tathya batalAte haiM ki jisa paramANu kI kakSA meM kama ilekTrAna hogA kiMvA samAna hoMge to eka paramANu ke ilekTrAna dUsare paramANu ke ilekTrAna kI kakSA meM cale jAte haiM aura Apasa meM ba~dha jAte haiN| ANavika bala tathA ANavika dUrI ko samajhane ke liye ve kahate haiM ki jaba ANavika dUrI kama hotI hai to ANavika bala adhika rahatA hai| jaise eka lohe kA Thosa (piNDa) atyadhika bala lagAne para hI TUTatA hai kyoMki isameM ANavika bala adhika rahatA hai tathA ANavika dUrI kama / isake viparIta eka lakar3I ko tor3ane ke lie lohe kI apekSA kama bala lagatA hai ata: usameM lohe kI apekSA ANavika dUrI adhika hotI hai| yaha bandha bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai| eka mizraNa tathA dUsarA yaugika / jaba do vibhinna jAti ke aNu
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________________ 258 karmayogI zrI kesarImalajI surANA abhinandana grantha : caturtha khaNDa ........................................................................... milakara eka nayI vastu kA nirmANa karate haiM to use yaugika kahate haiN| jaise-H+0=pAnI / tathA jo nayI vastu kA nirmANa nahIM karate ve mizraNa kahalAte haiM / jaise----bArUda / pudgala dravya saMkhyA meM anantAnanta haiN| ye pUre lokAkAza meM upasthita haiN| inakA AkAra avaktavya hai| dharma tathA adharma dravya ye donoM dravya saMkhyA meM eka-eka haiM-AkAzAdekadravyANi tathA pratyeka dravya sampUrNa lokAkAza meM vyApta hai| dharma dravya una dravyoM kI gati meM nimitta hotA hai jo apanI yogyatA se cale / calane vAle dravya kevala do haiMjIva evaM pudgala / "gati sthityupagraho dharmAdharmayorupakAra: / " yadyapi AcArya umAsvAmI ne isa sUtra meM yaha nahIM batalAyA ki yaha donoM kina kA upakAra karate haiM, parantu isI adhyAya ke prArambha meM yaha kahA hai ki jIva aura pudgala ko chor3a kara saba dravya niSkriya haiM--"niSkriyANi c|" isase spaSTa hai ki AcArya kA abhiprAya jIva aura pudgala ke calane tathA Thaharane meM ina dravyoM ke yogadAna batalAne kA hai| dharma dravya svayaM na calatA huA jo svata: calate haiM unake calane meM apreraka nimitta hai| lekina kisI ko calane hetu prerita nahIM karatA / tathA adharma dravya svayaM sthira rahatA huA jo svataH sthira hove unakI sthiti meM nimitta hotA hai, kisI ko Thaharane ke lie prerita nahIM krtaa| jaise-yadi koI jIva yA pudgala cala rahA hai to adharma dravya use roka nahIM sakatA tathA yadi koI jIva yA pudgala sthira hai to dharma dravya use calA nahIM sktaa| Adhunika vijJAna bhI dharma tathA adharma dravya ke sadRza Ithara tathA naoNna-Ithara do zaktiyA~ mAnatA hai| lekina apanI paribhASA ke anusAra dravya nahIM maantaa| AkAza yaha bhI pUrva rUpa meM eka dravya hai "A aakaashaadekdrvyaanni|" isameM jahA~ taka dharma tathA adharma dravya hai vahA~ taka lokAkAza hai aura usake bAhara cAroM ora ananta alokAkAza hai| AkAza apane svarUpa meM hI pratiSThita hai tathA dUsare dravyoM ko sthAna detA hai--"AkAzasyAvagAhaH / " kAla dravya : kAla ko sabhI dArzanika dravya mAnate haiM / jaina darzana bhI ise dravya svIkAra karatA hai| kAla do prakAra kA hai 1-nizcayakAla evaM 2-vyavahArakAla / nizcayakAla "vartanApariNAmakriyAparattvAparattve ca kAlasya" arthAt sabhI dravyoM ke vartana (astitva), parigamana kriyA tathA jyeSTha, kaniSTha Adi ke vyavahAra meM kAraNa hotA hai / aura vyavahAra kAla use kahate haiM jo ghar3I, ghaNTA, dina, mahInA Adi kA vibhAjana karatA hai| nizcaya kAla jahA~ asaMkhyAta kAlANu rUpa hai vahIM vyavahAra kAla bhUta, bhaviSyat, vartamAna tathA dina-rAta, pakSa, mahInA, varSa Adi ke bheda se aneka prakAra kA hai| kAla kI saMkhyA asaMkhyAta hai / eka-eka AkAza pradeza para eka-eka kAlANu kI sthiti hai| - 1. (ka) "aparo'sminnaparaM yugapacciraM kSipraniti kAla liGgAni"-vai0 6 / (kha) janyAnAM janaka kAlo jagatAmAzrayo mataH / parAparatvadhI hetuH kSaNAdisyAdupAdhitaH ||--muktaavlii (ga) "kAlazcetyeke" tattvArthasUtra (zvetAmbara pATha) (gha) "kAlazca" tattvArthasUtra (digambara pATha) 0 .