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________________ dharmavIra mahAvIra ane karmavIra kRSNa [3] devIpUjAmAMthI manuSyapUjAne kramika vikAsa jema bIjA deze ane bIjI prajAmAM tema A deza ane Arya prajAmAM paNa jUnA vakhatathI kriyAkA ane vahemanAM rAjyanI sAthe sAthe cheDe paNa AdhyAtmika bhAva hate. vaidika mayuga ane brAhmaNayuganA vistRta ane jaTila kriyAkADo jyAre thatAM tyAre paNa AdhyAtmika ciMtana, tapanuM anuSThAna ane bhUtadayAnI bhAvanA e to prajAmAM ochA pramANamAM paNa pravartatAM hatAM. dhIme dhIme saguNone mahimA vadhavA lAgyo ane kriyAkalApa tathA vahemanuM rAjya ghaTatuM cAlyuM. jema jema prajAnA mAnasamAM saddaguNonI pratiSThAe sthAna meLavyuM tema tema tenA mAnasamAMthI kriyAkalApa ane vahemanI pratiSThAe sthAna gumAvyuM. kriyAkalApa ane vahemonI pratiSThA sAthe haMmezAM adamya zaktine saMbaMdha joyele haiya che. jyAM sudhI kaI adazya zakti (pachI te deva, dAnava, datya, bhUta, pizAca ke evA bIjA koI game te nAmathI oLakhavAmAM Ave) mAnavAmAM ke manAvavAmAM na Ave tyAM sudhI kriyAkASThA ke vaheme cAlI ke jIvI zake ja nahi; eTale kriyAkADe ane vahemanA rAjya vakhate tenI sAthe devapUjA anivAryarUpe saMkaLAyelI hoya e tadana svAbhAvika che. ethI UlaTuM saguNanI upAsanA ane pratiSThA sAthe koI adazya devazaktine nahi, paNa pratyakSa dekhI zakAya evI manuSya vyaktino saMbaMdha hoya che. saguNanI upAsanA karanAra ke bIjA pAse te Adarza rajU karanAra vyakita koI viziSTa manuSyane ja pitAne Adarza mAnI tenuM anukaraNa karavA prayatna kare che. eTale saguNonI pratiSThA vadhavAnI sAthe sAthe adazya evA devanI pUjAnuM sthAna dRzya manuSyanI pUjA le che. manuSyapUjAnI pratiSThA jo ke saguNanI upAsanA ane manuSyapUjA prathamathI vikasita thatAM AvatAM hatAM, chatAM bhagavAna mahAvIra ane buddha e be mahAna puruSonA samayamAM e vikAse asAdhAraNa vizeSatA prApta karI, jene lIdhe kriAkASTha
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________________ 40 darzona ane ciMtana ane vahemenA killAnI sAthe sAthe tenA adhidhyAyaka adRzya devonI pUjAne bhAre AdhAta pahoMcyA. bhagavAna mahAvIra ane yudghanA yuga eTale kharekhara manuSyapUjAne yuga. A yugamAM sekaDA ane hajArA naranArIe kSamA, saMtoSa, tapa, dhyAna Adi guNA keLavavA jiMdagI arpe che ane te guNenI parAkASThAe pahoMcela evI pAtAnI zraddhAspada mahAvIra--buddha jevI manuSyavyaktinI dhyAna dvArA ke mUrti dvArA pUjA kare che. A rIte mAnavapUjAne bhAva vadhavAnI sAthe ja devamUrtinuM sthAna manuSyamUrti vizeSa pramANamAM le che. mahAvIra ane buddha jevA tapasvI, tyAgI ane jJAnI puruSo dvArA sadguNAnI upAsanAne vega maLyo ane tenu pariNAma kriyAkANDapradhAna brAhmaNasaMskRti upara spaSTa AvyuM. te e ke je brAhmaNasaMskRti eka vAra deva, dAnava ane daityAnI bhAvanAmAM tathA upAsanAmAM mukhyapaNe mazagUla hatI, teNe paNa manuSyapUjAne sthAna ApyuM. lokA have adRzya devane badale kAI mahAna vibhUtirUpa manuSyane pUjavA, mAnavA ane tene Adaza jIvanamAM utAravA tatpara hatA. e tatparatA zamAvavA brAhmaNusaskRtie paNa rAma ane kRSNanA mAnavIya Adarzo rajU karyA tema ja temanI manuSya tarIkenI pUjA cAlI. mahAvIrabuddhayuga pahelAM rAma-kRSNanI Adarza manuSya tarIkenI viziSTa pUjA ke pratiSThAnAM cihno kathAya zAstramAM dekhAtAM nathI. tethI UlaTu mahAvIra-muddayuga pachI ke te yuganI sAthe sAthe rAma ane kRSNanI manuSya tarIkenI pUjA pratiSThAnAM pramANa ApaNane spaSTa maLI Ave che. tethI ane IjA sAdhanAthI ema mAnavAne cesa kAraNa maLe che ke mAnavIya pUjApratiSThAno pAkA pAye mahAvIra-kSuddhanA yugathI nakhAya che ane devapUjaka vargomAM paNa manuSyapUjAnA vividha prakAro ane sampradAya zarU thAya che. manuSyapUjAmAM daivIbhAvanuM' mizraNa lAkhA ane karADeDa bhAsAnA manamAM je saMskAra seMkaDA ane hajAro varSo thayAM rUDha thaelA hoya che te kaI ekAda prayatnathI ke thoDA vakhatamAM badalavA zakaya nathI hotAM tethI alaukika devamahimA, daivI camatkAro ane devapUjAnI bhAvanAnA saMskAre prajAmAnasamAMthI mULamAMthI khasyA na hatA. tene lIdhe brAhmaNasa'skRtie rAma ane kRSNa jevA puruSone ArA tarIke mUkI temanI prajApratiSThA zarU karI, chatAM prajAmAnasa daivIbhAva sivAya saMtuSTa thAya evI sthitimAM AvyuM na hatuM. tene lIdhe te vakhatanA brAhmaNaskRtinA AgevAna
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________________ dharmavIra mahAvIra ane kavAra kRSNa [ 241 vidyAnAe eka rAma ane kRSNane manuSya tarIke AlekhyA-vanA, chatAM temanA Antarika ane bAhya jIvana sAthe adRzya daivI aza ane adRzya daivI kAnA sadhi paNa joDI dIdhA. e ja rIte mahAvIra ane mudda AdinA uSAsaMkAe emane zuddha manuSya tarIke ja AlekhyA, chatAM temanA jIvananA kAI ne kAI bhAga sAthe alaukika devatAI sabadha paNa joDI dIdhA. brAhmaNasaskRti eka ane akhaMDa Atmatattvane mAnanArI hovAthI teNe potAnA tattvajJAnane khadhakhese tema ja sthULa leAnI devapUjAnI bhAvanA sAdhAya e rAte rAma ane kRSNanA manuSyajIvanane daivI cItaryuM. eNe paramAtmA viSNune ja rAma ane kRSNanA mAnavIya rUpamAM avatAra lIdhAnuM varNavyuM. jyAre zramaNasaMskRti Atmabheda mAnanArI ane karmavAdI hovAne lIdhe peAtAnA tattvajJAnane baMdhabese evI rIteja eNe peAtAnA Adarza upAsya manuSyane varNavyA ane lokonI devIpUjAnI bhUkha bhAMgavA teNe prasaMge prasaMge devAnA anucare ane bhakatArUpe mahAvIra, yuddha Adi sAthe saMbadha joyo. A rIte eka saMskRtimAM manuSyapUna dAkhala thayA chatAM temAM divya aMza ja manuSyarUpe avatAra le che, eTale emAM AA manuSya e mAtra alaukika divyazaktinA pratinidhi ane che; jyAre khIjI saMskRtimAM manuSya pote ja potAnA sadguNa mATenA prayatnathI deva ane che ane laoNkAmAM banAtA adRzya devo tA mAtra pelA Adarza manuSyanA anucaze ane bhakto thaI enI pAchaLa pAchaLa dADe che. cAra mahAna A puruSA mahAvIra ane muddanI aitihAsikatA nirvivAda hAvAthI emAM sahRdane avakArA nathI; jyAre rAma ane kRSNanI bAbatamAM ethI UlaTuM che. emanA aitihAsika vize baitAM spaSTa pramANeA na heAvAthI te vize paraspara vidhI aneka kalpanAo pravarte che. tema chatAM rAma ane kRSNanuM vyaktitva praznamAnasamAM eTaluM badhuM vyApaka ane UMDuM aMkita thayeluM che ke prajAne mana to e banne mahAna puruSo sAcA aitihAsika ja che. bhale vidvAna ane sAvakAmAM emanA aitihAsikatva vize vAdavivAda ke UhApoha cAlyA kare ane tenu game te pariNAma Ave, chatAM e mahAna puruSonA vyaktitvanI prajAmAnasa upara paDelI chApa jotAM ema kahevuM paDe che ke prajAne mana to e banne puruSo potAnA hRdyahAra che. A rIte vicAra karatAM A - prajAmAM manuSya tarIke pUjAtA cAra ja mahAna puruSo ANI sAme upasthita 1
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________________ 242] darzana ane ciMtana cAya che. Aya dhamanI vaidika, jaina ane baudda e traNeya zAkhAonA pUjya manuSya ukta cAra ja mahAna puruSo che, jemanI judAjudA prAntomAM ne judI judI kAmamAM eka athavA bIje rUpe upAsanA ane pUjA cAle che. , : cAreyanI makSipta tulanA rAma ane kRSNa tema ja mahAvIra ane cAra mahAna puruSo kahA jJAtithI kSatriya che. hindustAnamAM AvelAM che ane rAmacaMdrajI pravRttinuM kSetra dakSiNa hindustAna banyuM nathI. khudda e banne yugala kahA ke cAreyanAM janmasthAno uttara sivAya temanAmAMthI kreInIce rAma ane kRSNane Adarza eka jAtanA che; ane nahAvIra tathA muddanA bIjI jAtanA che. vaidika sUtra ane smRtizAstromAM varNAzramadhama ne anusarI rAjyazAsana karavuM, gA--brAhmaNanI pratipAlanA karavI, tene ja anusarI nyAya-anyAyanA niya karavA ane e pramANe prajAmAM nyAyanuM rAjya sthApavuM e rAma ane kRSNanA maLatAM jIvanavRttAntane mukhya Adarza che. emAM bhAga che, yuddha che ane dunyavI badhI pravRtti che; paNa e badhu pravRtticakra sAmAnya prajAjanane nityanA jIvanakramamAM padArthapATha ApavA mATe che. nahAvIra ane khuddanAM jIvanavRttAntA ethI taddana judA prakAranAM che. emAM nathI bhoga mATenI dhanAla ke nathI yuddhanI taiyArI. emAM to sauthI pahelAM temanA peAtAnA jIvanazodhanane ja prazna Ave che ane temanA potAnA jIvanazedhana pachI ja tenA pariNAmarUpe prajAjanane upayAgI thavAnI vAta che. rAma ane kRSNanA jIvanamAM sattvasa Mzuddhi chatAM rajoguNa mukhyapaNe kAma kare che; jyAre mahAvIra tema ja yudghanA jIvanamAM rAjas aza chatAM mukhyapaNe sattvasaMzuddhi kAma kare che. tethI pahelA AdazamAM aMtarmu khatA chatAM mukhyapaNe ahi khatA bhAse che ane khIjAmAM bahirmukhatA chatAM mukhyapaNe antamu khatA bhAse che. A ja vastune bIjA zabdomAM kahevI hoya tA ema kahI zakAya ke ekano Adarza karmacakranA ane khajAnA dhacakranA che. A anne judA judA Adarzo pramANe ja te mahAna puruSonA sampradAye sthapAyA che; temanuM sAhitya te ja rIte sarjAyu che, poSAya che ane pracAra pAmyuM che. temanA anuyAyIvarganI bhAvanA paNa e Adarzo pramANe ja ghaDAyelI che ane temanA potAnA tattvajJAnamAM ke temane nAme caDelA tattvajJAnamAM e ja pravRtti ane nivRttinA cakrane lakSI khadhuM tantra gAvAyeluM che. ukta cAreya mahAna puruSonI mUrti nihALe ke
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________________ dharmavIra mahAvIra ane karmavIra kRSNa t: 143 tene pUjA prakAre jue, agara temanAM maMdiranI racanA ane sthApatya juo te paNa temAM e pravRtti ane nivRtticakranA AdarzanI bhinnatA spaSTa joI zakAze. ukta cAra mahAna puruSamAM eka buddhane bAda karIe te sAmAnya rIte ema kahI zakAya ke bAkInA traNeya purUSonI pUjA, temanA sampradAye. ane temane anuyAyI varga hindustAnamAM ja astitva dharAve che; jyAre buddhanI pUja, sapradAya tathA temano anuyAyI varga eziyAvyApI che. rAma ane kRSNanA Adarzone pracArakavarga mukhyapaNe pure hita hoI te gRhastha che, jyAre mahAvIra ane buddhanA Adarzone pracArakavarga tyAgI hoI te gRhastha nathI. rAma ane kRSNanA upAsakemAM hajAre saMnyAsIo hovA chatAM te saMsthA mahAvIra ane buddhanA bhikSusaMdha jevI tabaddha athavA vyavasthita nathI. guru pada dharAvatI hajAre strIo Aje paNa mahAvIra ane khuhanA bhikSusaMdhamAM vartamAna che; jyAre rAma ane kRSNanA upAsaka saMnyAsIvargamAM e vastu nathI. rAma ane kRSNanA mukhethI sAkSAta upadezAmela kaI paNa zAstra hovA vizenAM pramANe nathI; jyAre mahAvIra ane buddhanA mukhethI sAkSAta upadezAvela cheDA paNa bhAge nirvivAda astitva dharAve che. rAma ane kRSNane nAme caDelAM zAstro saMskRta bhASAmAM che, jyAre mahAvIra ane buddhanA upadezo takAlIna pracalita lokabhASAmAM che. sarakhAmaNInI maryAditatA ane tenAM daSTibindue hindustAnamAM sArvajanika pUjA pAmela uparanA cAra mahAna puruSomAMthI kaI paNa ekanA jIvana vize vicAra karavo hoya ke tenA sapradAya, tatvajJAna ane kAryakSetrane vicAra kara hoya te bAkInA traNeyane lagatI te te vastune vicAra sAthe ja kara prApta thAya che, kAraNa ke, A AkhA dezamAM eka ja jAti ane eka ja kuTumbamAM ghaNI vAra ukta cAreya puruSo athavA temAMthI eka karatAM vadhAre puruSonI pUjA ane mAnyatA pracalita hatI ane atyAre paNa che. tethI e pUjya puruSonA Adarzo mULamAM bhinna bhinna hovA chatAM pAchaLathI temAM arasaparasa dhaNI Apale thaI che ane koI vAra ekane te kaI vAra bIjAne prabhAva arasaparasa paDyo che. AvI vastusthiti hovA chatAM paNa A sthaLe te dharmavIra mahAjIranA jIvana sAthe karmavIra kRSNanA ja jIvananI sarakhAmaNuM karavA dhArI che; ane A banne mahAna puruSonA jIvanaprasaMganI sarakhAmaNuM paNa A sthaLe mAtra amuka bhAga pUratI ja karavA dhArI che. samagra jIvanavyApI sarakhAmaNa ane cAreya puruSonI sAthe sAthe vistRta sarakhAmaNa je samaya
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________________ 244. ] darzana ane ciMtana ame svAsthyanI apekSA rAkhe che te Aje nathI. tethI atre bahu ja parimita rUpamAM sarakhAmaNI karavA dhArI che; mahAvIranA janmANathI bhAMDI kaivalajJAnanI prApti sudhInA jIvananA keTalAka banAva kRSNanA janmANathI mAMDI kuddha sudhInA keTalAka anAvA sAthe sarakhAvavA dhAryo che. A sarakhAmaNI mukhyapaNe traNa dRSTibindue lakSyamAM rAkhI karavAmAM AvelI che : (1) paheluM te e ke bannenA jIvananI ghaTanAmAM saMskRtibheda ze che ? '--e tAravavu. 6 (2) jI e ke e ghaTanAonA varNananA paraspara ekabIjA upara kAMI prabhAva paDyo che ke he ? ane emAM keTakeTalA pheraphAra ke vikAsa sadhAyA che ? '...enI parIkSA karavI. < (3) trIjuM dRSTibindu e che ke * lokomAM dhabrAvanA jAgrata rAkhavA tema ja sampradAyanA pAyA majabUta karavA mukhyapaNe kaI jatanA sAdhanano upayoga cAgranthAnAM ke jIvanavRttAntAmAM thato ?'--tenuM pRththakaraNa karavuM ane aucitya vicAravuM. parasampradAyanAM zANomAM paNa maLI AvatAM daeNizA ane vahunA upara kahela dRSTibinduethI keTalIka dhaTanAonI noMdha karIe te pahelAM ahIM eka bAbata khAsa noMdhI levI yogya che, je vicArAne kautukavaSa~ka che, eTaluM ja nahi, paNa je aneka aitihAsika rahasyanA udghATana ane tenA vizleSaNa vAste temanI pAsethI satata ane avalokanapUNaeN madhyastha prayatnanI apekSA rAkhe che. te bAbata e che ke bauddha piTakAmAM jJAtaputra tarIke bhagavAna mahAauranA aneka vAra spaSTa nirdeza Ave che, paNa temAM rAma ke kRSNa kAI ne nirdeza nathI. kAMIka pALanA bauddha jAtAmAM (jue dazarayAtaka na. 461) rAma ane sItAnI kathA Ave che, paNa te vAlmIkinA varNana karatAM taddana judI jAtanI che, kema ke emAM sItAne rAmanI bahena tarIke varNavela che. kRSNanI kathAnA nirdeza tA kAI paNa pAchaLanA auddha granthamAM sudhdhAM adyApi amArA jovAmAM AvyA nathI; jyAre jaina zAstramAM rAma ane kRSNa e bannenI jIvanakathAoe ThIkaThIka bhAga reyo che. Agama tarIke lekhAtA ane pramANamAM anya AgamagranthA karatAM prAcIna manAtA aMga sAhityamAM joke rAmacaMdrajInI phadhA nathI, chatAM kRSNanI katha! tene e aMga (jJAta ane aMtagaDa) granthAmAM spaSTa
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________________ ane vistRta Ave che. aMgagranthamAM sthAna na pAmela rAmacaMdrajInI kathA paNa pAchalA zvetAmbara-digambara bannenA prAkRta-saMskRta kathAsAhityamAM viziSTa sthAna le che, ane temAM vAlmIki rAmAyaNane sthAne jaina rAmAyaNa banI jAya che. e te dekhItuM ja che ke zvetAmbara ane digambara bannenA vAlmamAM rAma ane kRSNanI kathA brAhmaNavADmaya jevI na ja hoya, tema chatAM e kathAo ane tenA varNananI jaina zailI jotAM ema spaSTa jaNAI Ave che ke e kathAo mULamAM brAhmaNasAhityanI ja hevI joIe ane te kapriya thatAM tene jaina sampradAyamAM paNa jaina daSTie sthAna apAyeluM hovuM joIe. A bAbata AgaLa vadhAre spaSTa thaze. AzcaryanI vAta e che ke jaina saMskRtithI pramANamAM vizeSa bhinna evI brAhmaNa saMskRtinA mAnya rAma ane kRSNa e be puruSoe jaina bhayamAM jeTaluM sthAna rekaryuM che, tenA hajAramA bhAganuM sthAna paNa bhagavAna mahAvIranA samakAlIna ane temanI saMskRtine pramANamAM vadhAre najIka evA tathAgata buddhanA varNane revuM nathI. buddhano aspaSTa nAmanirdeza mAtra aMgagrasthamAM ekAda jagyAe dekhAya che, joke temanA tattvajJAnanAM sUcana pramANamAM vizeSa maLe che. A bauddha ane jaina granthamAM rAma ane kRSNanI kathA vize vAta thaI, paNa have brAhmaNazAstramAM mahAvIra ane buddhanA nirdeza vize joIe. purANa pahelAMnA keI brAhmaNagranthamAM tema ja vizeSa prAcIna manAtAM purANomAM ane mahAbhArata sudhdhAMmAM buddhane nirdeza ke temanuM bIjuM varNana koI dhyAna kheMce evuM nathI, chatAM e ja brAhmaNasaMskRtinA atiprasiddha ane bahumAnya bhAgavatamAM buddha viSNunA eka avatAra tarIke brAhmaNamAnya sthAna pAme che--jema jaina granthamAM kRSNa eka bhAvI avatAra (tIrthakara ) tarIke sthAna pAme che. A rIte prathamanA brAhmaNasAhityamAM sthAna nahi pAmela buddha moDe moDe paNa te sAhityamAM eka avatAra tarIke pratiSThA pAme che, tyAre khuda buddha bhagavAnanA samakAlIna ane buddhinI sAthosAtha brAhmaNasaMskRtinA pratispadhI tejasvI puruSa tarIke eka viziSTa sampradAyanuM nAyakapada dharAvanAra etihAsika bhagavAna mahAvIra koI paNa prAcIna ke arvAcIna brAhmaNagranthamAM sthAna pAmatA nathI. ahIM vizeSa dhyAna kheMce evI bAbata to e che ke jyAre mahAvIranA nAmane ke temanA jIvanavRttano kazo ja nirdeza brAhmaNa sAhityamAM nathI tyAre bhAgavata jevA lokapriya granthamAM jaina sampradAyanA pUjya ane atiprAcIna manAtA prathama tIrthakara RSabhadevanI jIvanakathA saMkSepamAM chatAM mArmika ane AdaraNIya sthAna pAmI che.