Darshan aur Vigyan ke Alok me Pudgal Dravya

Author(s): Gopilal Amar
Publisher: Z_Hajarimalmuni_Smruti_Granth_012040.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/211150/1

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zrIgopIlAla amara ema0e0, zAstrI, kAvyatIrtha, sAhityaratna jaina saMskRta DigrI kAleja, sAgara (ma0 pra0) darzana aura vijJAna ke Aloka meM pudgala dravya prArambhika-jaina darzana ne vizva ko jahA~ syAdvAda aura anekAnta ke akhaNDa siddhAnta diye haiM vahA~ pUdagaladravya kI advitIya mAnyatA bhI dI hai. udhara jainetara darzanoM ne pudgala dravya ko tattat rUpoM meM svIkAra kiyA hai aura idhara vijJAna bhI isa dravya ko spaSTa rUpa se mAnyatA detA jA rahA hai. hama yahA~ pudgala dravya kA eka suspaSTa vizleSaNa prastuta karane kA prayatna kareMge. sarvaprathama hameM jaina darzana ke anusAra isa kA adhyayana karanA hogA, phira jainetara darzanoM meM usakI taha khojanI hogI aura taba usakA vaijJAnika vizleSaNa karanA hogA. jaina siddhAnta vizva (Universe) ko chaha dravyoM (Substances) se nirmita mAnatA hai. jo sat (Existent) ho yA jisakI sattA (Existance) ho vaha dravya hai.' jisameM paryAyoM (Modifications) kI dRSTi se utpAda (Manifestation) aura vinAza (Disappearance) pratisamaya hote rahate hoM aura guNoM (Fundamental realities) kI dRSTi se, pratisamaya dhrauvya (Continuity) rahatA ho vaha sat (Existent) hai. dravya chaha hai. (1) jIva (Soul, substance possessing consciousness) (2) pudgala (Matter & Energy) (3) dharma (Medium of motion of souls, matter and energies) (4) adharma (Medium of rest of souls, matter and energies) (5) AkAza (Spacc, medium of location of soul etc.) aura (6) kAla (Time) pudgala kA svarUpa-pudgala zabda eka pAribhASika zabda hai lekina rUr3ha nahIM. isakI vyutpatti kaI prakAra se kI jAtI hai. pudgala zabda meM do avayava haiM, 'pud' aura 'gala', 'pud' kA artha hai pUrA honA yA milanA (Combination) aura 1. sad dravyalakSaNam / ---AcArya umAsvAmI : tattvArthamUtra, a05, sU0 26. 2. utpAdavyayadhauvyayuktaM sat / -vahI, a0 5, sU0 30 / 3. jIvA puggalakAyA dhammAdhammA taheva AyAsaM. -AcArya kundakundaH paMcAstikAya. Jain Education Inter For Private & Personal use only

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gopIlAla amara : darzana aura vijJAna ke Aloka meM pudgala dravya : 366 -0--0--0--0-0-0--0--0--0-0 'gala' kA artha hai galanA yA miTanA (Disintegration) jo dravya pratisamaya milatA-galatA rahe, banatA-bigar3atA rahe, TUTatA-jur3atA rahe vaha pudgala hai.' sampUrNa vizva meM pudgala hI eka aisA dravya hai jo khaNDita bhI hotA hai aura punaH paraspara sambaddha bhI. pudgala kI eka sabase bar3I pahicAna yaha hai ki vaha chuA jA sakatA hai, cakhA jA sakatA hai, sUghA jA sakatA hai aura dekhA bhI jA sakatA hai. ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki jisameM sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa, cAroM anivAryataH pAye jAveM vaha pudgala hai.2 pudgala (Matter of Energy) ke galana-milana svabhAva (Disintegration and combination phenomena) ko vaijJAnika zabdoM meM bhI samajhAyA jA sakatA hai. pudgala ke milane yA sambaddha hone (Combination) kA artha hai ki eka skandha (Molecule) dUsare snigdha-rUkSa guNayukta skandha se mila sakatA hai aura isa prakAra adhika snigdha-rUkSa guNayukta skandha utpanna ho sakatA hai. pudgala ke galane yA khaNDita hone kA artha hai ki eka skandha meM se kucha snigdha-rUkSa guNayukta deza (bhAga) alaga ho sakatA hai aura isa prakAra kama snigdha-rUkSa guNayukta skandha utpanna ho sakatA hai. IsA kI unnIsavIM zatI taka vaijJAnikoM kA mata thA ki tattva (Elements) aparivartanIya (Non-transformable) haiM. eka tattva dUsare tattva ke rUpa meM parivartita (Transformed) nahIM ho sakatA. kintu aba tejodgaraNa (Radio activity) Adi ke anusandhAnoM se yaha siddha ho gayA hai ki tattva parivartita bhI ho sakatA hai. kiraNAtu (Uranium) ke eka aNu (Atom) meM se jaba tIna a-kaNa (Particles) vicchinna ho jAte haiM to vaha eka tejAtu (Radium) ke aNu ke rUpa meM parivartita ho jAtA hai. isI taraha jaba tejAtu kA eka aNu pA~ca a-kaNoM meM vicchinna ho jAtA hai to vaha sIsA (Lead) ke aNu ke rUpa meM parivartita ho jAtA hai. yaha to huI vigalana yA khaNDana (Disintegration) kI kriyA aura aba dekhiye pUraNa yA milana (Combination) kI kriyA-bhUyAti (Nitrogen) ke eka aNu kI nyaSTi (Nuclues) meM jaba eka a-kaNa mila jAtA hai to eka jAraka (Oxygen) kA aNu bana jAtA hai. yahI prakriyA laghvAtu (Lithium) aura vihUra (Beryllium) meM bhI saMbhava hai. pudgala ke guNa :-jaisA ki ukta paribhASA se spaSTa hai, pudgala ke mUlataH cAra guNa hote haiM, sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa. ina cAroM ke bhI bIsa bheda hote haiM. yaha vargIkaraNa atyanta sthUla rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai, vAstava meM to ye guNa apane vibhinna rUpoM meM agaNita hote haiM. sparza :--pudgala meM ATha prakAra kA sparza pAyA jAtA hai--snigdha, rUkSa, mRdu, kaThora, zIta, uSNa, laghu (halakA) aura guru (bhArI). 1. (1) pUraNAt pud galayatIti galaH / -zabdakalpadra makoSa. (2) pUraNagalanAnvarthasaMjJatvAt pudgalAH AcArya akalaMkadeva : tattvArtharAjavArtika, -a05, sU0 1, bA0 24. (3) chavihasaMThANaM bahuvihi dehehi pUraditti galaditti poggalA. --dhavalA grantha. (4) puMgilanAt pUraNagalanadvA pudgala iti / -AcArya akalaMka deva : tattvArtharAjavArtika, a05, sU0 16, vA0 40. (5) varga-gandha-rasa-spazaiMH-pUraNaM galanaM ca yat / kurvanti skandhavat tasmAt pudgalAH paramANavaH / -AcArya jinasenaH harivaMzapurANa, sarga 7, zlo0 36. (6) pUraNAd galanAcca pudgalAH | ---gaNI siddhasena : tattvArthabhASya kI TIkA, a05, sU0 1. (7) pUraNAd galanAd iti pudgalAH / -nyAyakoSa, pR0 502. 2. sarzarasagandhavarNavantaH pudgalAH / -AcArya umAsvAmI, tattvArthasUtra, a05, sU0 23. VS LOAN M/ARO

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-----------------0-0-0 370 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya pudgala ke eka skandha (Molecule) meM eka sAtha snigdha aura rUkSa meM se koI eka, mRdu aura kaThora meM se koI eka, zIta aura uSNa meM se koI eka tathA laghu aura guru meM se koI eka, aise koI cAra sparza avazya pAye jAte haiM lekina aNu (Ultimate atom) meM snigdha aura rUkSa meM se koI eka tathA zIta aura uSNa meM se koI eka, aise koI do sparza hI pAye jAte haiM kyoMki vaha pudgala kA sUkSmatama aMza hai ataH usake mRdu yA kaThora aura laghu yA guru hone kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA. rasa (svAda):-rasa pA~ca hote haiM, madhura, amla (khaTTA), kaTu, tikta (tIkhA, caraparA Adi) aura kaSAyalA (jaise AMvale kA svAda). ina rasoM kA sambandha bhojana se hai. sAhityazAstra meM bhI nau rasoM kI mAnyatA hai. jaina darzana nau rasoM kA antarbhAva jIva dravya aura pudgala dravya donoM meM karatA hai. inameM se pratyeka ke hama do bheda kara sakate haiM, anubhUtirUpa aura zabdarUpa. anubhUti cUMki jIva (AtmA) karatA hai ataH anubhUtirUpa rasa jIva meM aura zabda, jisakI carcA Age kI jAvegI, cUMki pudgala kI paryAya hai ataH zabdarUpa rasa pudgala meM antarbhUta hotA hai. gandha :-gandha do prakAra kI hai, sugandha aura durgandha. varNa (raMga):-varNa mukhyataH pA~ca prakAra kA hotA hai, kRSNa (kAlA), rakta (lAla), pIta, zveta aura nIla. dA yA do se adhika raMgoM ke mizraNa se bahuta-se naye raMga bana jAte haiM, unakA antarbhAva yathAsaMbhava inhIM pA~ca raMgoM meM hotA hai. paMcavarNoM kA siddhAnta jaina darzana ke anusAra varNa pA~ca hote haiM jaba ki saura varNapaTala (Solar-spectrum) meM sAta varNa hote haiM aura prAkRtika (Natural) aura aprAkRtika (Pigmetory) varNa to anekoM hote haiM. isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki yahA~ varNa zabda se jainAcAryoM kA tAtparya saura varNapaTala ke varSoM se athavA anya boM se nahIM, pratyuta pudgala ke usa mUlabhUta (Fundamental Property) guNa se hai jisakA prabhAva hamArI AMkha kI putalI para lakSita hotA hai aura hamAre mastiSka meM kRSNa, rakta Adi AbhAsa karAtA hai. ApTikala sosAyaTI oNpha amerikA (Optical society of America) ne varNa kI yaha paribhASA dI hai-varNa eka vyApaka zabda hai jo AMkha ke kRSNa paTala aura usase sambaddha zirAoM kI kriyA se udbhUta AbhAsa ko sUcita karatA hai. rakta, nIla, pIta, zveta aura kRSNa isake udAharaNa haiM.' paJcavarNoM kA siddhAnta yahI to hai ki yadi kisI vastu kA tApa bar3hAyA jAve to usameM se sarvaprathama adRvya (Dark) tApa kiraNeM (Heat Rays) nissarita (Emitted) hotI haiM aura phira jyoM-jyoM usake tApa ko bar3hAyA jAvegA tyoM-tyoM usameM se kramazaH rakta, pIta, zveta aura yahAM taka ki nIla kiraNeM nissarita hone lagatI haiM. zrImeghanAda zAhA aura bI0 ena0 zrIvAstava ne likhA hai ki kucha tAre nIla-zveta razmiyAM chor3ate haiM jisase spaSTa hai ki unakA tApamAna bahuta hai. tAtparya yaha ki ye pAMca varNa aise prAkRtika varNa haiM jo kisI bhI pudgala se vibhinna tApamAnoM (Temperatures) para udbhUta ho sakate haiM aura isalie unheM pudgala ke mUlaguNa mAnanA par3egA. vaise jaina vicArakoM ne varNa ke ananta bheda mAne haiM. hama saura varNapaTala (Solar Spectrum) ke varSoM (Colours) 8. Colour is a general term for all sensations, arising from the activity of retina and its attached nervous machanisms. It may be examplified by the enumeration of characteristic instances such as red, yellow, blue, black and white............ Prof. G. R. Jain : Cosmology old & New. ya

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Jain Echovation gopIlAla amara : darzana aura vijJAna ke Aloka meM pudgala dravya : 371 meM dekhate haiM ki yadi rakta se lekara kAsanI (Violet) taka taraMgapramANoM (Wavelengths) kI vibhinna avasthitiyoM ( Stages) kI dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAya to ye ananta siddha hoMgI aura inake ananta hone ke kAraNa varNa bhI ananta siddha hoMge. isakA bhI kAraNa yaha hai ki yadi eka prakAzataraMga pramANa meM dUsarI prakAzataraMga se anantaveM bhAga ( Infinitesimal amount) bhI nyUnAdhika hotI hai to ve taraMgeM do visadRza varNoM ko sUcita karatI haiM. pudgala kI vizeSatAe~ vaise to pudgala kI mukhya vizeSatA usake sparza Adi cAra guNa hI haiM, ye cAroM usake asAdhAraNa bhAva haiM arthAt usake atirikta kisI anya dravya meM sambhava nahIM haiM. aisI vizeSatAe~ mukhyataH chaha kahI jA sakatI haiM. pudgala dravya ke svarUpa kA vizleSaNa karanA hI ina vizeSatAoM kA uddezya hai. pudgala dravya hai-- dravya kI paribhASA hama pahale prastuta kara cuke haiM aura usa kI kasauTI para pudgala kharA utaratA hai. ise samajhAne ke lie hama eka udAharaNa deMge. suvarNaM pudgala hai. kisI rAjA ke eka putra hai aura eka putrI. rAjA ke pAsa eka suvarNa kA ghar3A hai. putrI usa ghar3e ko cAhatI hai aura putra use tor3akara usakA mukuTa banavAnA cAhatA hai. rAjA putra kI haTha pUrI kara detA hai. putrI ruSTa ho jAtI hai aura putra prasanna. lekina rAjA kI dRSTi kevala suvarNa para hI hai jo ghar3e ke rUpa meM kAyama thA aura mukuTa ke rUpa meM bhI kAyama hai. ataH use na harSa hai na viSAda.' eka udAharaNa aura lIjie. lakar3I eka pudgala dravya hai. vaha jalakara kSAra ho jAtI hai. usase lakar3IrUpa paryAya kA vinAza hotA hai aura kSArarUpa paryAya kA utpAda, kintu donoM paryAyoM meM vastu kA astitva acala rahatA hai, usake AMgArattva ( Carbon) kA vinAza nahIM hotA. mImAMsA darzana ke prakANDa vyAkhyAtA kumArila bhaTTa ne isa siddhAnta kA samarthana aise hI eka udAharaNa dvArA muktakaNTha se kiyA hai." dravya kI paribhASA eka-dUsare DhaMga se bhI kI jA sakatI hai. jisameM guNa ( Fundamental realities ) aura paryAyeM (Modifications) hoM vaha dravya. 3 jo dravya meM rahate hoM aura svayaM nirguNa hoM ve guNa kahalAte haiM. * cUMki guNa dravya meM aparivartanIya (Non-transformable) aura sthAyI rUpa se rahate haiM ataH ve dravya ke dhrauvya (Continuity) ke pratIka haiM. saMjJAntara yA bhAvAntara arthAt rUpAntara ko paryAya (Modification) kahate haiM. paryAya kA svarUpa hI cUMki yaha hai ki vaha pratisamaya badalatI rahe, naSTa bhI hotI rahe aura utpanna bhI, ataH vaha utpAda aura vinAza, donoM kI pratIka hai. dravya kI isa paribhASA kI dRSTi se bhI pudgala kI dravyatA siddha hotI hai. 1. nAzorAdasthitiktham / zoka-pramoda mAdhyasthyaM jano yAti sahetukam // AcArya samantabhadra AptamImAMsA, zloka 56. 2. vardhamAna kamaMge ca rucakaH kriyate yadA / pUrvA prati hemArthinastu mAdhyasthyaM tasmAt vastUbhayAtmam / notpAda sthitibhaMgAnAmabhAve sthAn matitrayam / na nAzena vinA zoko notpAdena vinA sukham / sthityA vinA na mAdhyasthyaM tena sAmAnyanityatA / / -mImAMsAzlokavArtika, zloka 21-23. 3. guNaparyayAvada dravyam / AcArya umAsvAmI tattvArthasUtra, a0 5,038 / 4. dravyAzrayA nirguNAH guNAH / vahI, a05, sU0 41. 5. saMjJAntaraM bhAvAntaraM ca paryAyaH / -- AcArya siddhasena gaNIH tattvArthabhASya TIkA, a, 5, sU0 37. For Private & Personal Use On

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------------------ 372 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya pudgala nitya aura avasthita hai jisakA tadbhAva-avyaya ho arthAt jisakI maulikatA (Fundamental reality) kabhI naSTa na ho vaha vastu nitya kahalAtI hai.' pudgala kI maulikatA sparza rasa gaMdha aura varNa meM hai aura ve cAroM usase eka samaya ke lie bhI pRthak nahIM hote ataH vaha nitya hai. yaha eka alaga bAta hai ki yaha maulikatA rUpAntarita (Modified) ho jAtI hai. kaccA Ama harA aura khaTTA hotA hai, aura vahI pakakara pIlA ho jAtA hai lekina vaha varNahIna aura rasahIna nahIM ho sakatA. sone kI cUr3I ko pighalAkara hAra banAyA jA sakatA hai, lekina sonA phira bhI kAyama rahegA, vaha to hara hAlata meM nitya hai. jo saMkhyA meM kama yA bar3ha na ho, jo anAdi bhI ho aura ananta bhI aura jo na svayaM ko anya dravya ke rUpa meM parivartana kare vaha vastu yA dravya avasthita kahalAtI hai. anAdi atIta kAla meM jitane pudgala-paramANu the vartamAna meM utane hI haiM aura ananta bhaviSya meM bhI utane hI raheMge. pudgala dravya kI apanI maulikatA yathAvat kAyama rahatI calI jAvegI. pudgala dravya kI apanI maulikatA (sparza Adi guNa) kisI anya dravya meM kadApi parivattita nahIM hotI aura nahIM kisI anya dravya kI maulikatA pudgala dravya meM parivattita hotI hai. pudgala kI eka advitIya vizeSatA hai usakA rUpa. yahA~ rUpa zabda kA artha hai zarIra arthAt prakRti aura UrjA (Matter & energy) jisameM sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa svayaM siddha haiM. 3 pudgala kA choTA yA bar3A, dRzya yA adRzya, koI bhI rUpa ho, usameM sparza Adi cAroM guNa avazyaMbhAvI haiM. aisA nahIM ki kisI padArtha meM kevala rUpa yA kevala gandha Adi pRthak-pRthak hoM. jahAM sparza Adi meM se koI eka bhI guNa hogA vahA~ anya zeSa guNa prakaTa yA aprakaTa rUpa meM avazya pAye jAveMge. nyAyadarzana kI mAnyatA lekina nyAyadarzana ke antargata kevala pRthvI meM hI cAroM guNa mAne gaye haiM; jala meM kevala sparza, rasa aura rUpa, teja meM kevala sparza aura rUpa tathA vAyu meM kevala sparza hI mAnA gayA hai. isa bhrAnti kA kAraNa yaha hai ki nyAyadarzana meM pRthvI, jala, teja aura vAyu ko pRthak-pRthak dravya mAnA gayA hai jabaki vAstava meM, ye saba apane paramANuoM (ultimate atoms) kI dRSTi se eka pudgala dravya ke hI antargata Ate haiM. nyAyadarzana kI isa mAnyatA ke khaNDana meM mukhyataH cAra tarka diye jAte haiM. prathama yaha ki yadi pRthvI Adi cAroM pRthakpRthak dravya hote to unameM ke eka dravya se dUsare dravya kI utpatti nahIM honI cAhie thI jabaki hotI avazya hai. udAharaNArtha motI pRthvI dravya ke antargata hai lekina utpanna hotA hai vaha jala dravya se. bAMsa pRthvI dravya ke antargata hai lekina jaMgaloM meM dekhate haiM ki do bAMsoM kI ragar3a se agni dravya utpanna ho jAtA hai. diyAsalAI Adi kA dRSTAnta bhI aisA hI hai. jo nAmaka anna bhI pRthvI dravya ke antargata hai lekina usake khAne se vAyu dravya utpanna hotA hai. ujana (Hydrogen) aura jAraka (Oxygen) ye do vAtiyAM (Gases) haiM, aura vAyu dravya ke aMtargata AtI haiM lekina unake rAsAyanika saMyoga se jala dravya bana jAtA hai. dUsarA tarka yaha hai ki jisa prakAra pRthvI meM cAroM guNa haiM usI prakAra jala, teja aura vAyu meM se pratyeka meM bhI cAroMcAroM guNa haiM. vijJAna ne bhI yaha siddha kara diyA hai, aura jaba sabhI meM samAna-samAna (cAroM-cAroM) guNa haiM to unheM pRthak-pRthak dravya mAnakara dravyoM kI mUla saMkhyA bar3hAnA ucita nahIM. nyAyadarzana jala meM gandha kA niSedha karatA hai lekina 1. tadbhAvAvyayaM nityam / ... prAcArya umAsvAmI : tattvArthasUtra, a05, sU0 42. 2. rUpiNaH pudgalAH |vhii, a05, sU05. 3. rUpamUrtiH rUpAdisaMsthAnapariNAmaH, rUpamepAmastIti rUpiNaH pudgalAH / -AcArya pUjyapAdaH sarvArthasiddhi, a05, sU05. Jain Education Interational

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gopIlAla amara : darzana aura vijJAna ke Aloka meM pudgala dravya : 373 usImeM gandha taba kitanI spaSTa ho uThatI hai jaba khetoM meM pahalI barasAta hotI hai ? cUMki yaha gandha jala ke saMyoga se utpanna hotI hai ataH use kevala pRthvI kA hI guNa na mAnakara jala kA bhI guNa mAnanA hogA. vAyu meM nyAyadarzana ne kevala sparza guNa hI mAnA hai lekina jaba udjana (Hydrogen) aura jAraka (Oxygen) vAyuoM kA saMyoga hokara jala banatA hai to usake sabhI guNa pratyakSa ho jAte haiM. tIsare takaM meM hama yaha batAe~ge ki nyAyadarzanakAra agni ke tejasvI rUpa ke samAna suvarNa ke tejapUrNa varNa ko dekha usameM aprakaTa agnitattva kI adbhuta kalpanA karatA hai.' yaha bAta yadi zakti kI apekSA kahI jAya to jala ke paramANuoM taka meM agnirUpa pariNata hone kI zakti siddha hotI hai. cauthA tarka vaijJAnika hai. vijJAna siddha karatA hai ki jisa vastu meM sparza, rasa, gandha aura rUpa, ina cAroM meM se eka bhI guNa hogA usameM prakaTa yA aprakaTa rUpa meM zeSa tIna guNa avazyameva hoMge. sambhava hai ki hamArI indriyoM se kisI vastu ke sabhI guNa athavA unameM se kucha guNa lakSita na ho sakeM. jaise upastu kiraNeM (Infrared rays) jo adRzya tApakiraNeM haiM, hama logoM kI AMkhoM se lakSita nahIM ho sakatIM, kintu ullU aura billI kI A~kheM ina kiraNoM kI sahAyatA se dekha sakatI haiM. kucha aise AcitrIya paTa (Photographic plates) hote haiM jo inhIM kiraNoM se aviSkRta hue haiM aura jinake dvArA andhakAra meM bhI Acitra (Photographs) lie jA sakate haiM. isI prakAra agni kI gandha hamArI nAsikA dvArA lakSita nahIM hotI kintu gandhavahana-prakriyA (Tele-olefaction phenomenon) se spaSTa hai ki gandha bhI pudgala kA (agni kA bhI) Avazyaka guNa hai. eka gandhavAhaka yaMtra (Tele-olefactory cell) kA AviSkAra huA hai jo gandha ko lakSita bhI karatA hai. yaha yaMtra manuSya kI nAsikA kI apekSA bahuta sadyahRSa (Sensitive) hotA hai aura sau gaja dUrastha agni ko lakSita karatA hai. isakI sahAyatA se phUloM Adi kI gandha eka sthAna se 65 mIla dUra dUsare sthAna taka tAra dvArA yA vinA tAra ke hI preSita kI jA sakatI hai. svayaMcAlita agnizamaka (Automatic fire Control) bhI isase cAlita hotA hai. isase spaSTa hai ki agni Adi bahuta se pudgaloM kI gandha hamArI nAsikA dvArA lakSita nahIM hotI kintu aura adhika sadyahRSa (Sensitive) yaMtroM se vaha lakSita ho sakatI hai. pudgala sakriya aura zaktimAn hai. pudgala meM kriyA hotI hai. zAstrIya zabdoM meM isa kriyA ko parispandana kahate haiM. yaha parispandana aneka prakAra kA hotA hai. isakA savistAra vivecana bhagavatI sUtra ke TIkAkAra abhayadeva sUri ne kiyA hai.2 pudgala meM yaha parispandana svataH bhI hotA hai aura dUsare pudgala yA jIva dravya kI preraNA se bhI. paramANu kI gatikriyA kI eka vizeSatA hai ki vaha apratighAtI hotI hai, vaha vajra aura parvata ke isa pAra se usa pAra bhI nikala jA sakatA hai para kabhI-kabhI eka paramANu dUsare paramANu se TakarA bhI sakatA hai. pudgala meM ananta zakti bhI hotI hai. eka paramANu yadi tIvra gati se gamana kare to kAla ke sabase choTe aMza arthAt eka samaya (Timepoint) meM vaha loka ke eka chora se dUsare chora taka jA sakatA hai. Adhunika vaijJAnika anusaMdhAnoM dvArA bhI siddha hai ki pudgala meM ananta zakti hotI hai eka grAma (Gram) pudgala meM jitanI zakti (energy) hotI hai utanI zakti 3000 Tana (84000 mana) koyalA jalAne para mila sakatI hai. pudgala meM saMkoca-vistAra hotA hai-pudgala Adi dravya loka meM avasthita haiM. loka meM asaMkhyAta (Countless) pradeza (absolute units of space) hI hote haiM jabaki pudgala dravya hI kevala anantAnanta (Infinite in number) haiM. aba prazna yaha uThatA hai ki anantAnanta pudgala asaMkhyAta pradeza vAle loka meM kaise sthita haiM jabaki eka pradeza, AkAza kA vaha aMza hai jisase choTA koI aMza saMbhava hI na ho ? uttara yaha hogA ki sUkSma pariNamana aura avagAhanazakti ke 1. suvarNa taijasam , asati pratibandhake'yantAgnisaMyoge'pi anucchidyamAnadravatvAdhikaraNatvAt / -AcArya annaMbhaTTaH tarkasaMgraha, pU0 8. 2. zataka 3, uddaza 3. Jain EduS 2.org

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374 : muni zrI haz2ArImala smRti grantha : dvitIya adhyAya kAraNa paramANu aura skandha sabhI sUkSmarUpa pariNata ho jAte haiM aura isa prakAra eka hI AkAzapradeza meM anantAnanta pula raha sakate haiM. 2 udAharaNArtha, eka kamare meM eka dIpaka kA prakAza paryApta hotA hai, lekina usameM saikar3oM dIpakoM kA prakAza bhI samA sakatA hai athavA eka dIpaka kA prakAza, jo kisI bar3e kamare meM phailA rahatA hai, kisI choTe vartana se Dha~ke jAne para usI meM samA jAtA hai. isase spaSTa hai ki pudgala ke prakAza- paramANuoM meM sUkSma pariNamana zakti vidyamAna hai, usI prakAra pudgala ke pratyeka paramANu kI sthiti hai. paramANu kI bhAMti skandhoM meM bhI sUkSma pariNamana aura avagAhana zakti hotI hai. avagAhana zakti ke kAraNa paramANu athavA skandha jitane sthAna meM sthita hotA hai utane hI, usI sthAna meM anya paramANu aura skandha bhI raha sakate haiM. sUkSma pariNamana kI kriyA kA artha hI yaha huA ki paramANu meM saMkoca ho sakatA hai, usakA ghanaphala kama ho sakatA hai. vaijJAnika samarthana yaha sUkSma pariNamana kriyA vijJAna se mela khAtI hai. aNu ( Atom) ke do aMga hote haiM, eka madhyavartI nyaSTi (Nucleus ) jisameM utkaNa (Protons) aura vidyutkaNa (Neutrons) hote haiM aura dUsarA vAhyakakSIya kavaca (Orbital Shells) jisameM vidyudaNu (Electrons) calakara lagAte haiM. vyaSTi (Nucleus) kA panaphala pUre aNu (Atom) ke phala se bahuta hI kama hotA hai. aura jaba kucha kakSIya kavaca (Orbital Shells) aNu se vicchinna (Disintigrated) ho jAte haiM to aNu kA ghanaphala kama ho jAtA hai. ye aNu vicchinna aNu ( Stripped atoms ) kahalAte haiM. jyotiSa samvandhI anusandhAtAoM se patA calatA hai ki kucha tAre aise haiM jinakA ghanatva hamArI duniyA kI ghanatama vastuoM se bhI 200 guNita hai. eDiMgTana ne eka sthAna para likhA hai ki eka Tana (28 mana ) nyaSTIya pudgala (Nuclear matter ) hamArI vAskeTa ke jeba meM samA sakatA hai. kucha hI samaya pUrva eka aise tAre kA anusandhAna huA hai jisakA ghanatva 620 Tana ( 17360 mana) prati ghana iMca hai. itane adhika ghanatva kA kAraNa yahI hai ki vaha tArA vicchinna aNuoM ( Stripped atoms) se nirmita hai, usake aNuoM meM kevala vyaSTiyAM hI haiM, kakSIya kavaca (Orbital shells) nahIM. jaina siddhAnta kI bhASA meM isakA kAraNa aNuoM kA sUkSma pariNamana hai. pudgala dravya kA jIva dravya se saMyoga bhI hotA hai. Age pudgala dravya ke vargIkaraNa (Classification) kA viSaya Ane vAlA hai. yaha vargIkaraNa kaI prakAra se sambhava hai. eka prakAra se pudgala ko 23 vargaNAoM yA vargoM meM rakhA jAtA hai. ina vargaNAoM meM se eka hai kArmaNa vargaNA. kArmaNa vargaNA kA tAtparya aise pudgala paramANuoM se hai jo jIva dravya ke sAtha saMyukta huA karate haiM pudgala paramANuoM kA saMyoga jIva dravya ke sAtha do prakAra se hotA hai, prathama anAdi aura dvitIya sAdi. sampUrNa jIvadravyoM kA saMyoga pudgala paramANuoM ke sAtha anAdikAla se hai yA thA. isa anAdi saMyoga se mukta bhI huA jA sakatA hai, muphta jIva ko phira yaha saMyoga kadApi nahIM hotA lekina amuphta vA vada (saMsArI) jIva ko yaha pratikSaNa hotA va miTatA rahatA hai. isI hone-miTane vAle saMyoga ko sAdi kahate haiM. 1. sUkSmapariNAmAvagAhya zaktiyoga gAt paramANvAdayo hi sUkSmamAnena pariNatA ekaikasminnapyAkAzapradeze'nantAnantA vyavatiSThante, avagAhanazaktizcaiSAmavyAhatA'sti, tasmAdekasminnapi pradeze'nantAnantAvasthAnaM na virudhyate / -- AcAryaM pUjyapAda sarvArthasiddhi, a05, sU0 16. 2. pradezasaMhAravisargAbhyAM pradIpavat / AcArya umAsvAmI : tatvArthasUtra, a05, sU0 16. 3. jAvadiyaM AyAsaM vibhAgI puggalAvaTThaddhaM, taM tu padesaM jAge savvANTThA na dArArihaM / AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI : dravyasaMgraha. S S&

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gopIlAla amara : darzana aura vijJAna ke Aloka meM pudgala dravya : 375 -0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0 saMyoga kA kAraNa yaha saMyoga kyoM hotA hai ? isa prazna ke do uttara haiM. jahAM taka anAdi saMyoga kA prazna hai usakA koI uttara nahIM. jaba se jIva kA astitva hai tabhI se usake sAtha pudgala-paramANuoM (kArmaNavargaNAoM) kA saMyoga bhI hai. jisa suvarNa ko abhI khAna se nikAlA hI na gayA ho usake sAtha dhAtu-miTTI Adi kA saMyoga kaba se hai, isakA koI uttara nahIM. jaba se sonA hai tabhI se usake sAtha dhAtu-miTTI Adi kA saMyoga bhI hai. yaha bAta dUsarI hai ki sone ko usa dhAtu-miTTI Adi se mukta kiyA jA sakatA hai, usI taraha jIva dravya bhI svayaM ke puruSArtha se apane ko kArmaNavargaNA se mukta kara sakatA hai. idhara, jahA~ taka sAdi saMyoga kA prazna hai, isakA uttara diyA jA sakatA hai. anAdi saMyoga ke vazIbhUta hokara jIva nAnA prakAra kA vikRta pariNamana karatA hai aura isa pariNamana ko nimitta ke rUpa meM pAkara pudgala paramANu apane Apa hI kArmaNa vargaNA ke rUpa meM parivartita hokara tatkAla, jIva se saMyukta ho jAte haiM.' saMyoga ke banane-miTane kI yaha prakriyA taba taka calatI rahatI hai jaba taka jIva dravya svayameva apane vikRta pariNamana se mukta nahIM ho jAtA hai. saMyoga kI vizeSatA jIva dravya aura pudgala dravya ke saMyoga kI isa prakriyA kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki vaha saMyukta hokara bhI pRthak-pRthak hotI hai. jIva kI prakriyA jIva meM aura pudgala kI prakriyA pudgala meM hI hotI hai. eka kI prakriyA dUsare meM kadApi sambhava nahIM. isI prakAra eka kI prakriyA dUsare ke dvArA bhI sambhava nahIM. jIva kI prakriyA jIva ke hI dvArA aura pudgala kI prakriyA pudgala ke hI dvArA sampanna hotI rahatI hai. lekina ina donoM prakriyAoM meM aisI kucha samatA, ekarUpatA rahatI hai ki jIva dravya kabhI pudgala kI prakriyA ko apanI aura kabhI apanI prakriyA ko pudgala kI mAna baiThatA hai :2 jIva kI yahI bhrAnta mAnyatA mithyAtva, moha yA ajJAna kahalAtI hai. saMyoga se Asrava Adi tattvoM kI saSTi jIva aura pudgala kI isa saMyoga-prakriyA ke phalasvarUpa hI jIva (Souls) aura ajIva (Nonsouls, e.g. matters & Energies etc.) pudgala Adi ke atirikta zeSa pA~ca tattvoM kI sRSTi hotI hai. jaina darzana meM svIkRta sAta tattva (principles) ye haiM. (1) jIva Soul, a substence (2) ajIva (3) Asrava (4) bandha (5) saMvara (6) nirjarA (7) aura mokSa prAsrava-jIva se pudgala dravya ke saMyoga kA mUla kAraNa hai jIva kI manasA, vAcA aura karmaNA honevAlI vikRta pariNati aura isI vikRta pariNati kA nAma Asrava tattva hai.5 bandha-Asrava tattva ke pariNAmasvarUpa jIva dravya se pudgala dravya kA saMyoga hotA hai, lolIbhAva hotA hai jise bandha tattva kahate haiM.6 bandha tattva ke antargata yaha dhyAna dene kI bAta hai ki pudgala-paramANu (kArmaNavargaNAyeM) jIva dravya meM praviSTa ho jAte haiM, 1. jIvakRtaM pariNAmaM nimittamAtra prapadya punaranye / svayameva pariNamante'tra pudgalAH karmabhAvena / -AcArya amRtacandra : puruSArthasiddhyupAya, zlo0 12. 2. evamayaM karmakRtarbhAvarasamAhito'pi yukta iva / pratibhAti bAlizAnAM, pratibhAsaH sa khalu bhavabIjam | -vahI, zlo0 14. 3. jIvAjIvAsrava bandha saMvara nirjarA-mokSAratattvam ! -AcArya umAsvAmI : tattvArthasUtra, a01, satra 4. 4. kAyavAGmanaHkarma yogaH | -vahI, a06, sa01. 5. sa AsravaH / -vahI, a06, sU04. 6. sakaSAyatvAjjIvaH karmaNo yogyAn pudgalAnAdatte sa bandhaH / vahI, a07, sU0 2. DAIND For Private & Personal use only

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376 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya antarlIna ho jAte haiM, jIva dravya ke sAtha kArmaNavargaNAyeM apanA ekakSetrAvagAhI sambandha sthApita kara letI haiM, arthAt AkAza ke jisa aura jitane pradezoM meM jIva sthita hotA hai, apanI sUkSma-pariNamana zakti ke bala para ThIka unhIM aura utane hI pradezoM meM usase sambandhita kArmaNavargaNAe~ bhI sthita ho jAyA karatI haiM. isa sthiti (ekakSetrAvagAhI sambandha) kA yaha tAtparya kadApi nahIM ki ve donoM eka dUsare meM parivartita ho jAte haiM. isa sambandha ke rahate hue bhI jIva, jIva hI rahatA hai aura pudgala pudgala hI. donoM apane-apane maulika guNoM (Fundamental realities) ko eka samaya ke lie bhI nahIM chor3ate. saMghara-jIva apane hI puruSArtha se nirantara saMyukta hotI rahane vAlI kArmaNa vargaNAoM para roka lagA sakatA hai, aura yahI roka saMvara tattva kahalAtI hai. nirjarA-isI prakAra, jIva apanI pUrva-saMyukta kArmaNavargaNAoM ko kramaza: nirjIrNa yA dUra bhI kara sakatA hai aura yahI nirjarA tattva hai. mokSa-apanI kArmaNavargaNAoM se sadA ke lie pUrNarUpeNa mukta ho jAnA jIva kA mokSa kahalAtA hai.' pudgala kA vargIkaraNa pudgala kyA hai, yaha hama jAna cuke haiM. vaha eka dravya hai. usake paramANu-paramANu meM pratisamaya utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya kI akhaNDa prakriyA vartamAna hai. isa prakriyA kI dRSTi se, jitane bhI pudgala haiM cAhe ve paramANu ke rUpa meM hoM, cAhe skandha ke rUpa meM, saba eka samAna haiM. unameM bheda yA vargIkaraNa ko avakAza hI nahIM. ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki dravyadRSTi se pudgala kA kevala eka hI bheda hai, athavA yoM kahie ki vaha abheda hai. pudgala kA adhikatama pracalita aura sarala vargIkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai aNu (paramANu) aura skandha ke rUpa meM. hama yahA~ ina donoM vargoM kA vistRta adhyayana prastuta kareMge. aNu aNu aura usakI paribhASA - aNu, pudgala kA vaha sUkSmatama aMza hai jisakA punaH aMza ho hI na sake.4 araNu kA vibhAjana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, vaha avibhAjya hai.5 aNu ko pudgala kA avibhAga-praticcheda bhI kahA jAtA hai. aNu kI mukhyataH pAMca vizeSatAyeM haiM--(ka) sabhI pudgala-skandha aNuoM se hI nirmita haiM. (kha) aNu nitya, avinAzI aura sUkSma hai, vaha dRSTi dvArA lakSita nahIM ho sakatA, isa bAta kA samarthana vaijJAnikoM dvArA bhI hotA hai, jaba hama kisI paramANu kA nirIkSaNa karate haiM to hara hAlata meM hama koI-na-koI bAharI upakaraNa upayukta karate haiM. yaha upakaraNa kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM paramANu ko prabhAvita karatA hai aura usameM parivartana lA detA hai. aura hama yahI parivartita paramANu dekha pAte haiM, vAstavika paramANu nahIM.6 1. prAsrabanirodhaH sNvrH| -prAcArya umAsvAmI; tattvArtha satra, a06, 0. 2, bandhahetvabhAvanirjarAjya kRtsnakarmavipramokSo mokSaH / -dahI a010, sU02. 3. (1) agavaH skndhaashc|-vhii, a05, sU0 25. (2) egatteNa puhutteNa khaMthA ya paramANu ya / -uttarajjhayaNamutta 36,11. 4. naannoH| -AcArya umAsvAmIH tatvArthasUba a05. 5. avibhAjyaH prmaannuH| -jainasiddhAntadIpikA, prakAza 1 satra 14. 6. sara DablU0 sI0 piyara : vijJAna kA saMkSipta itihAsa-(hindI anu0 pR0 266)

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6-0-0-0--------------- gopIlAla amara : darzana aura vijJAna ke Aloka meM pudgala dravya : 377 (ga) aNu meM koI eka rasa, eka gandha, eka varNa aura do sparza (snigdha athavA rUkSa aura zIta athavA uSNa) hote haiM.' (gha) aNu ke astitva kA jJAna (anumAna) usase nirmita pudgala-skandharUpa kArya se hotA hai. (Ga) aNu itanA sUkSma hotA hai ki usake Adi, madhya aura anta kA prazna hI nahIM uThatA.2 aNu aura vijJAna kA tathAkathita 'eTama'--ina sabhI vizeSatAoM ke bAvajUda yaha dhyAna dene kI bAta hai ki Adhunika rasAyana-zAstra (Chemistry) meM jo 'eTama' (Atoms) mAne gaye haiM, unheM prastuta aNu kA hI dUsarA rUpa nahIM kahA jA sakatA. yadyapi 'eTama' kA matalaba pahale yahI liyA gayA thA ki use vibhAjita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA lekina aba yaha pramANita ho cukA hai ki 'eTama' (Atom) udyutkaNa (Proton), nidyutkaNa (Neutrons) aura vidyutkaNa (Electron) kA eka piNDa hai jabaki paramANu vaha mUla kaNa hai jo dUsaroM se mela ke binA svayaM kAyama rahatA hai. aNu aura 'eTama' kI isa viSamatA ko dekhakara vaizeSika darzana kI yaha mAnyatA aura bhI hAsyAspada lagane lagatI hai ki sUrya ke prakAza meM calate-phirate dikhane vAle dhUlikaNa paramAraNu haiM. aNu kA vargIkaraNa aNu ko cAra vargoM meM rakhA jA sakatA hai :(1) dravya aNu arthAt pudgala-paramANu, (2) kSetra aNu arthAt AkAza-pradeza, (3) kAla aNu arthAt 'samaya' (4) bhAva aNu arthAt 'guNa'. bhAva aNu ke bhI cAra mUla bheda aura solaha upabheda hote haiM. skandha skandha kI paribhASA-do yA do se adhika paramANuoM ko piNDa skandha kahalAtA hai. skandha kA ghanatva-yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki sabhI skandha netra dvArA lakSita ho sakeM. eka skandha meM bhI, jise hama sUkSmadarzaka yaMtra se hI dekha pAte hoM--ananta paramANu rahate haiM. jainadarzana kA yaha skandhoM ke ghanatva kA siddhAnta vijJAna dvArA khUba puSTa huA hai. eka auMsa pAnI meM itane skandha haiM ki yadi unheM saMsAra ke tamAma strI-puruSa aura bacce prati sekaNDa pA~ca kI raphtAra se ginanA zurU kara deM to pUrA ginane meM cAlIsa araba varSa kA samaya laga jAvegA.6 abhI-abhI sauramaNDala meM eka aise nakSatra kA patA calA hai jisake eka ghana iMca kA aMza 620 Tana (17360 mana) ke vajana kA hotA hai." skandha kA vargIkaraNa skandhoM ko tIna vargoM meM rakhA jAtA hai.5 'skandha' aneka paramANu jaba eka samudAya meM Akara 1. eka-rasa-gandha-vaNoM dvisparzaH kAryaliMgazca. kAraNameva tadantyaM, sUkSmo nityo bhavet paramANuH / AcArya akalaMkadevaH tattvArtharAjavArtika, a0 2, sU0 25. 2. sIcamyAd ya AtmAdi-rAtmamadhya-AtmAntazca / -vahI, a05, sU0 25, vA01. 3. caubdhihe paramAraH parANatte, taM jahA, davaparamAra, khettaparamArA, kAlaparamANU , bhaavprmaae| -bhagavatIsUtra, 20 | 5 | 12. 4. vahI, 20 / 5 / 16. 5. vahI, 20 / 5 / 1. &. E. N. D. Sc.&. Andrade D. Sc. Ph. D. The Machanism of Nature Page 37. 7. Raby fa Bois F. R. A. 'Arm Chair Science' London, July 1937. 8. je rUbI te caucihA parANattA, khaMdhA, khaMdhadesA, khaMdhapaesA, paramAgupoggalA -bhagavatI sutra, 2 / 10 / 66. sa upawwwwww wwwwww 10101010101010 Isiolo i otoll ololololololol ppA Jain Education internam For Private & Personal use only wawwajanenorary.org

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--------------------- 378 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya paraspara sambaddha ho jAte haiM taba ve skandha kahalAne lagate haiM. skandha kA khaNDa bhI skandha kahalAtA hai.' skandhadeza-skandha kA koI bhI aMza yA khaNDa (part) jo apane aMgI se pRthagbhUta na ho, skandhadeza kahA jAtA hai.2 skandhapradeza-skandha yA skandhadeza kA eka paramANu jo apane aMgI se pRthagbhUta na ho, skandhapradeza kahalAtA hai. athavA pudgala ke paramANu aura skandha ke rUpa meM do bheda hote haiM lekina grAhya aura agrAhya ke rUpa meM bhI do bheda sambhava haiM. grAhya pudgala-pudgala ke jo paramANu jIva dravya se saMyukta hote haiM unheM grAhya kahA jAtA hai. inheM hama kArmaNa Adi vargaNA bhI kaha sakate haiM. agrAhya pudgala-grAhya pudgaloM ke atirikta zeSa sabhI agrAhya haiM, unheM jIva grahaNa nahIM karatA, jIva se unakA saMyoga nahIM hotA. tIna bheda-pudgala dravya pariNamanazIla hai. usameM pariNamana svayameva to hotA hI hai, jIva ke saMyoga se bhI hotA hai, isI dRSTi ko lekara usake tIna bheda sambhava haiM.4 prayoga-pariNata (Organic matter)--aise pudgaloM ko prayoga-pariNata kahate haiM jinhoMne jIva ke saMyoga se apanA pariNamana kiyA hai. visrasA-pariNata (Inorganic matter)-visrasA-pariNata aise pudgaloM ko kahate haiM jo apanA pariNamana svataH kiyA karate hoM, jIva kA saMyoga hI jinase kabhI na huA ho. mizra-pariNataye ve pudgala haiM jinakA pariNamana jIva ke saMyoga se aura svayameva, donoM prakAra se eka-hI-sAtha rahA hotA hai. mizra-pariNata pudgala unheM bhI kahA jA sakatA hai jinakA pariNamana kabhI jIva ke saMyoga se huA ho lekina aba kinhIM kAraNoM se jo svayameva apanA pariNamana kara rahe haiM. cAra bheda pudgala ke cAra bheda kisI viziSTa dRSTi se nahIM hote, skandha ke tIna bheda jinakA adhyayana hamane abhI-abhI kiyA hai. aura paramANu kA eka bheda milakara pudgala ke cAra bheda kahalAne lagate haiM. 5 chaha bheda paramANu aura skandha ke rUpa meM hamane pudgala kA adhyayana kiyA, aura hama dekheMge ki usakA adhyayana chaha bhedoM ke rUpa meM bhI ho sakatA hai. ye chahoM bheda skandha ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue kiye gaye haiM. 1. bhedasavAtebhya utpadyante / -AcArya umAsvAmI : tattvArthasUtra, a05, sU0 26. 2. vastuno pRthagbhUto buddhikalpito'zo deza ucyate / -jainasiddhAntadIpikA, pra01, su0 22. 3. niraMzo dezaH pradezaH kathyate / -vahI, pra01, nu0 23. 4. tibihA poggalA paNNattA, pogapariNayA, vosasApariNayA, mosaaprinnyaa| -bhagavatIsUtra, 8 / 11. 5. je rUvI te caubihA paraNattA, khaMdhA, khaMdhadesA, khaMdhapadesA, paramANupoggalA / ---vahI, 221066. 6. (1) bAdarabAdara-bAdara-bAdarasuhumaM ca suhumathUlaM ca / sudubhaM ca suhumaM suhumaM dharAdiyaM hodi chammeyaM / -nebhicandra siddhAntacakravartI : gommaTasAra, jovakANDa gA0 602. (2) azthUlathUla-thUlaM thUlasuhumaM ca suhumathUlaM c| suhumaM aimuhumaM idi dharAdiyaM hodi chabbheyaM / bhUpabbadamAdoyA bhaNidA aithUlathUlamidi khaMdhA / thUlA idi vieNeyA sappojalatelamAdIyA / YADAV YY ka hara SSED-SLI 30 Aprodreused GM.jainsforary.org Educati) Jain

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gopIlAla amara : darzana aura vijJAna ke Aloka meM pudgala dravya : 376 pudgala kA yaha vargIkaraNa, vizva ke ananta pudgala-paramANuoM kA yaha pRthak-pRthak vibhAjana, itanA vaijJAnika bana par3A hai ki vaha Adhunika vijJAna-vettAoM ke lie Azcarya kA viSaya hai. isa vargIkaraNa meM hama kucha una tattvoM kA bhI anta rbhAva karate caleMge jinakA AvirbhAva yA AviSkAra isI yuga meM huA hai. sthUla-sthUla [Solids]. lakar3I patthara Adi jaise Thosa padArtha isa varga meM Ate haiM. sthUla [Liquids]. isa varga meM jala, tela Adi drava padArtha Ate haiM. sthUla-sUcama [Visible Energies]. prakAza, chAyA, andhakAra Adi jaise dRzya padArtha isa varga meM lie gaye haiM, prakAza UrjA [Energy] bhI isI varga meM rakhI jA sakatI hai. sUkSma-sthUla [Ulteravisible but intrasensual matters]. aise padArtha isa varga meM Ate haiM jinheM hama netra indriya se to nahIM jAna pAte lekina zeSa cAroM meM se kisI-na-kisI indriya dvArA avazya jAna sakate haiM. isake uhAharaNa haiM udjana [Hydrogen], jAraka [Oxygen] Adi vAtiyeM [Gases] aura dhvani UrjA [Sound energies] Adi jaisI UrjAye. sUcama [Ultravisible matter]. zAstrIya bhASA meM jinheM kArmaNavargaNA kahate haiM, una pudgaloM ko isa varga meM rakhA gayA hai. ye ve sUkSma skandha haiM jo hamArI vicAra-kriyA jaisI kriyAoM ke lie anivArya haiM. hamAre vicAroM aura bhAvoM kA prabhAva ina para par3atA hai tathA inakA prabhAva jIva-dravya evaM anya pudgaloM para par3atA hai. sUkSma-sUcama- isa varga meM sUkSmatama skandha Ate haiM. ye nagna netra [Naked cyc] se nahIM hI dekhe jA sakate. isake udAharaNoM meM vidyudaNu [Electrons] udyadaNu [positrons], udyutkaNa [protons] aura vidyutkaNa [Neutrons] Adi Ate haiM. teIsa bheda eka anya dRSTi se pudgala ke 23 bheda bhI kiye jAte haiM.' ina bhedoM ko zAstrIya zabdoM meM vargaNAe~ kahate haiM. unameM se kucha vargaNAe~ haiM--pAhAra vargaNA, bhASA vargaNA, manovargaNA kArmANa vargaNA aura tejas vargaNA Adi. ina vargaNAoM ke aneka upabheda bhI hote haiM.2 chAyAtavamAdIyA thUledarakhaMdhamidi viyANAhi / suhumathUle di bhaNiyA khandhA caurakkhavisyA ya / suhamA havanti khaMdhA pAoggA kammavaggaNassa puNo / tannivarIyA khaMdhA aisahumA idi pruuveNdi| -AcArya kundakunda : niyamasAra, gA0 21-24. 1. aNusaMkhAsaMkhejjAtA ya agejanagehi aMtariyA / AhAratejabhAsAyaNakammazyA dhuvkkhny| sAMtara nirantareNa ya surANA ptteydevdhuvsuraannaa| baadrnnigodsugrnn| suhuma gigodA ebho mhkkhndhaa| -AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI : go0 jI0, gA0563-64. 2. paramANubaggaNa mmi ya, avarukkararAM ca sesage asthi / gejhamahakkhandhANaM varamahiya sesagaM guNiyaM / ---vahI; gA0565. Jain Education Interational

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380 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya ananta bheda-pudgala dravya kI saMkhyA, kyA paramANu aura kyA skandha, sabhI ke rUpa meM ananta hai. eka pudgala dUsare pudgala se, sparza, rasa Adi kisI-na-kisI kAraNa se bhinna yA asamAna bhI ho sakatA hai ataH hama kaha sakate haiM ki pudgala bhI ananta haiM.' vaijJAnika vargIkaraNa-vijJAna ne sampUrNa pudgala dravya [Matters of Energies] ko tIna vargoM meM rakhA hai. Thosa [Solids], drava [Liquids] aura gaisa [Gases]. vijJAna kI yaha bhI mAnyatA hai ki ye tInoM vargoM ke pudgala sadA apane-apane varga meM hI nahIM rahe Ate, ve apanA varga chor3akara, rUpa badalakara dUsare vargoM meM bhI jA milate haiM. vijJAna ke isa siddhAnta se jaina darzana ko koI bAdhA to nahIM hI pahu~catI, balki usakI puSTi hI hotI hai. jaina darzana bhI yaha svIkAra karatA hai ki jala jo drava [Liquid] pudgala hai, paudhe Adi ke rUpa meM Thosa pudgala bana jAtA hai, udjana [Hydrogen] Adi do gaiseM [Gases] jala ke rUpa meM tarala [Liquid] bana jAtI haiM. pudgala kA kArya-pratyeka dravya kA apanA kArya hotA hai. zAstrIya bhASA meM isa kArya ko upagraha yA upakAra karate haiM. yaha upagraha, pudgala dravya apane svayaM yA anya pudgala dravyoM ke prati to karatA hI hai, jIva dravya ke prati bhI karatA hai. pudgala dravya dvArA kisI anya pudgala dravya kA upagraha hotA hai, isakA udAharaNa sAbuna aura kapar3A hai. sAbuna kapar3e ko sApha kara detA hai, donoM pudgala haiM. eka pudgala ne dUsare pudgala kA upagraha kiyA, yaha spaSTa hI hai. pudgala-jIva dravya kA upagraha bhI aneka rUpoM meM karatA hai. vaha jIva ke pariNamana ke anusAra kabhI zarIra to kabhI mana aura kabhI vacana to kabhI zvAsocchvAsa ke rUpa meM apanA svayaM kA pariNamana karatA huA, usa pariNamana ke mAdhyama se jIva dravya kA upagraha karatA rahatA hai. sukha, duHkha, jIvana aura maraNa ke rUpa meM bhI pudgala dravya, jIvadravya kA upagraha karatA hai. pudgala dravya ke dvArA jIva dravya ke upagraha kA yaha artha kadApi nahIM ki pudgala-dravya dvArA jIva-dravya meM koI prakriyA yA pariNamana kiyA-karAyA jAtA hai. isakA artha, jaisA ki pahale kahA jA cukA hai, kevala yahI hai ki jIvadravya kA pariNamana jIvadravya meM aura pudgala-dravya kA pariNamana pudgala-dravya meM hotA hai lekina saMyogavaza donoM ke pariNamanoM meM svabhAvataH, aisI kucha samAnatA yA ekarUpatA bana par3atI hai ki hameM--jIvadravyako lagatA hai ki yaha pariNamana hamameMjIva dravya meM-ho rahA hai. donoM dravyoM ke svatantra pariNamana ke siddhAnta kA hI phala hai ki eka hI vastu ke upabhoga se aneka logoM-jIvoM--meM aneka prakAra kI pratikriyAe~ hotI haiM. eka udAharaNa lIjie. kisI atyanta rUpavatI vezyA kA mRta zarIra par3A hai. eka sAdhu use dekhakara socatA hai ki yadi isa vezyA ne apane zarIra ke anurUpa sundara kArya bhI kiye hote to kitanA kalyANa hotA? isakA eka vyabhicArI use dekhakara socatA hai--yadi jIvita hotI to ise jIvana bhara na chor3atA ! koI vyakti use dekhakara socatA hai ki acchI marI pApina, apanA zIla becA hai isane ! eka usa vezyA kA riztedAra hai jo snehavaza phUTa-phUTakara ro rahA hai. eka ajanavI use dekhakara bhI usakI sthiti para kucha vicAra nahIM karatA. yahAM jo vastuta: jIvadravya ke apane pariNamana kI tArIpha hai ki vaha hotA to apane Apa hai aura lagatA hai ki para-pudgala dravya athavA kisI anya jIva-dravya ke dvArA karAyA jA rahA hai. vezyA ke mRta zarIra ko dekhakara hone vAlA sAdhu kA vairAgya, vyabhicArI kI lampaTatA, asahiSNu kI ghRNA, ristedAra kA vilApa aura ajanavI kI madhyasthatA, yahI siddha karate haiM ki jIvadravya kA pariNamana usake apane upAdAna yA antaraMga kAraNa [material cause] para hI nirbhara hai, pudgala dravya to kevala nimitta yA bAhya kAraNa [outer cause] hai. 1. AcArya akalaMka deva : tattvArtharAjavArtika, 10 5, sU0 25, vA0 3. 2. zarIrabADa-manaH-prANApAnAH pudgalAnAm / --AcArya umAsvAmI : tattvArthasUtra, a05, mU016. 3. sukha-duHkha jIvita-maraNopagrahAzca | -vahI, a05, sU0 20 / _JainEducalyan.blemstion P hase On wwersielibrary.org

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gopIlAla amara : darzana aura vijJAna ke Aloka meM pudgala dravya : 381 pudgala ke paryAya--kisI bhI dravya kA svarUpa hI yaha hai ki usameM guNa aura paryAya hoM. pudgaloM ke guNoM kA vizleSaNa ho cukA hai. paryAyoM kI carcA yahA~ kI jA rahI hai. yoM to pudgala dravya ke anya dravyoM kI bhAMti, ananta paryAya haiM tathApi kucha pramukha evaM hamAre dainika vyavahAra meM Ane vAle paryAyoM kI carcA yahAM kI jAtI hai. zabda, bandhana, sUkSmatA, sthUlatA, saMsthAna [AkAra], bheda [khaNDa], aMdhakAra, chAyA, Atapa [dhUpa aura udyota [cAMdanI pudgala ke paryAya haiM.' saMgIta, pradarzana, AvAgamana Adi bhI isI koTi meM rakhe jA sakate haiM. ina sabake atirikta, pudgala ke kucha paryAya aise bhI haiM jo mAnava-zarIra aura vijJAna se sambandha rakhate haiM. inakA vizleSaNa yahA~ hama vizeSa rUpa se kareMge. -------0---0----0-0-0-0 zabda zabda kA svarUpa--eka skandha ke sAtha dUsare skandha ke TakarAne se jo dhvani utpanna hotI hai vaha zabda hai.2 zabda karNa yA zrotra indriya kA viSaya hai. zabda aura vaizeSika darzana--vaizeSika darzana meM zabda ko pudgala kA paryAya na mAnakara AkAza dravya kA guNa mAnA hai. isa mAnyatA ke khaNDana meM aneka tarka diye jA sakate haiM. prathama aura spaSTa tarka to yahI hai ki AkAza dravya amUrtika hai, usameM sparza Adi kucha bhI nahIM hote, jabaki zabda mUrtika hai, usameM sparza Adi haiM, use chuA-pakar3A bhI jAtA hai. amUrtika dravya kA guNa bhI amUrtika hI honA cAhie, mUrtika nahIM. dvitIya, AkAza kA guNa mAnane ke moha meM yadi zabda ko amUrtika hI mAnA jAya to mUrtika indriya use grahaNa nahIM kara sakegI. amUrtika viSaya ko mUrtika indriya bhalA kaise jAnegI? tRtIya tarka yaha hai ki zabda TakarAtA hai, usakI pratidhvani hotI hai yadi vaha amUrtika AkAza kA guNa hotA to jaise AkAza nahIM TakarAtA vaise hI zabda bhI na TakarAtA. cauthe-zabda ko rokA-bAMdhA bhI jA sakatA hai, jabaki AkAza ko, jisakA vaha guNa kahA jAtA hai, rokane-bAMdhane kI carcA hI hAsyAspada hai. pAMcavAM tarka hai zabda gatimAna hai jabaki AkAza gati-hIna hai, niSkriya hai. aura antima tarka hai vijJAna kI ora se, zabda aise AkAza meM gamana nahIM kara sakatA jahAM kisI bhI prakAra kA pudgala [matter] na ho. yadi zabda AkAza kA guNa hotA to use AkAza ke pratyeka kone meM jA sakanA cAhie thA. kyoMki guNa apane guNI ke pratyeka aMza meM rahatA hai. vahAM pudgala ke hone aura na hone kA prazna hI na uThanA cAhie thA. zabda aura vijJAna-zabda-sambandhI jina siddhAntoM kI sthApanA jainAcAryoM ne sadiyoM pahale kI thI unhIM kA punaH sthApana aura vistAra Aja ke vaijJAnikoM ne kiyA hai. udAharaNArtha-zabda kA vargIkaraNa hI le leM. jainAcAryoM ne zabda ko bhASAtmaka aura abhASAtmaka, do vargoM meM rakhA. Aja ke vaijJAnikoM ne unhIM ko kramaza: saMgIta dhvani [Musical sounds] aura kolAhala [Noises] nAma de diye. isI taraha jainAcAryoM ke bhASAtmaka zabdoM ke prabhedoM ko bhI vaijJAnikoM ne jyoM-kA-tyoM vargIkRta kara diyA hai. zabda kI prakRti aura gati ke viSaya meM bhI jaina darzana aura Adhunika vijJAna meM adbhuta samAnatA hai. zabdoM kA vargIkaraNa-saMkSepa meM zabdoM ko tIna vargoM meM rakhA jA sakatA hai, bhASAtmaka, abhASAtmaka aura mizra ! pA. 1. (1) zabdabandha-saukSmya-sthaulya saMsthAna-bheda-tamazchAyAtapodyotavantazca / -AcArya umAsvAmI : tatvArthasUtra, a05, sU0 24. (2) sado baMdho suhumo thUlo sNtthaann-med-tm-chaayaa| ujjodAdavasahiyA puggaladabbassa pajjAyA |-aacaary nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI : dravyasaMgraha, gA0 16. 2. saddo khaMdhappabhAvo khaMdho paramANusaMgasaMghAdo / puDhesu tesu jAyadi saddo utpAdago Niyado-paJcAstikAya, gA0 71. Jain Education Internal

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382 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya vistAra se, zabda ke mUlata: do bheda hote haiM aura donoM ke do-do prabheda tathA dvitIya bheda ke prathama prabheda ke bhI cAra prabheda hote haiM. hama yahAM pratyeka kA paricaya deMge. bhASAtmaka-isa varga meM mAnava aura pazu-pakSiyoM Adi kI dhvaniyA~ AtI haiM, isake do bheda haiM. akSarAtmaka-aisI dhvaniyA~ isa varga meM AtI haiM jo akSarabaddha kI jA sake-likhI jA sakeM. anakSArAtmaka--isa varga meM rone-cillAne, khAMsane-phusaphusAne Adi kI tathA pazu-pakSiyoM Adi kI dhvaniyA~ AtI haiM, inheM akSarabaddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA. abhASAtmaka-zabda ke isa varga meM prakRtijanya aura vAdyayaMtroM se utpanna hone vAlI dhvaniyA~ sammilita haiM. isake bhI do varga haiM--prAyogika aura vastrasika. vAdyayaMtroM se utpanna hone vAlI dhvaniyA~ prAyogika zabda haiM aura inheM cAra vargoM meM rakhA jAtA hai. tata varga meM ve dhvaniyA~ AtI haiM jo carma-tanana Adi jhilliyoM ke kampana se utpanna hotI hoM. tabalA, Dholaka, bherI Adi se aise hI zabda utpanna hote haiM. vitata zabda vINA Adi taMtra-yatroM meM, taMtrI ke kampana se utpanna hote haiM. ghana zabda ve haiM jo tAla, ghaNTA Adi dhana vastuoM ke abhighAta se utpanna hoM. isI varga meM hAramoniyama Adi jihvAlayaMtroM se utpanna dhvaniyA~ bhI AtI haiN| sauSira varga meM ve zabda Ate haiM jo bAMsa, zaMkha Adi meM vAyu pratara ke kampana se utpanna hoM.2 vaisrasika-meghagarjana Adi prAkRtika kAraNoM se utpanna honevAle zabda vaisasika kahalAte haiM. bandha bandha kI paribhASA-bandha zabda kA artha hai baMdhanA, jur3anA, milanA, saMyukta honA. do yA do se adhika paramANuoM kA bhI bandha ho sakatA hai. aura do yA do se adhika skandhoM kA bhI isI taraha eka yA eka se adhika paramAraNuoM kA eka yA eka se adhika skandhoM ke sAtha bhI bandha hotA hai. pudgala paramANuoM (kArmaNa vargaNAoM) kA jIvadravya ke sAtha bhI bandha hotA hai. bandha kI vizeSatA:-- bandha kI eka vizeSatA yaha hai ki usakA vighaTana yA khaNDana yA anta avazyambhAvI hai, kyoMki jisakA prArambha hotA hai usakA aMta bhI avazyameva hotA hai. eka niyama yaha bhI hai ki jina paramANuoM yA skandhoM yA skandha paramANuoM yA dravyoM kA paraspara bandha hotA hai ve paraspara sambaddha rahakara bhI apanA-apanA svataMtra astitva kAyama rakhate haiM. eka dravya dUsare dravya ke sAtha dUdha aura pAnI kI bhAMti athavA rAsAyanika pratikriyA se sambaddha hokara bhI apanI pRthak sattA nahIM kho sakatA, usake paramANu kitane hI rUpAntarika ho jAveM, phira bhI unakA apanA svataMtra astitva kAyama rahatA hai. 1. zabdo devA, bhASAlakSaNa-viparItatvAt / bhASAtmaka ubhayathA, akSarAdikRtetaravikalpatvAt / abhASAtmako dedhA, prayogavitrasAnimittatvAt, tatra vaisasiko balAikAdiprabhavaH, prayogajazcaturdhA, tata-vitata-dhana saughirabhedAt / -AcArya akalaMkadevaH tattvArtharAjavAttika, a05, sU0 24. 2. carmatanananimittaH puSkara bherI-darAdibhavastataH / taMtrIkRtavANA-sughoSa disamudabhavo vitataH / tAlaghaNTAlAlanAdhabhidhAtajI dhanaH / vaMzazaMkhA dinimittaH sauSiraH -prAcArya pUjyapAdaH sarvArthasiddhi, a0 5, sU0 24. 3. saMyuktAnAM viyogazca bhavitA hi niyogtH| -zrAcAryavAdIbhasiMha sUri, kSatracUr3AmaNi. HAHATANJAL AUTAvaindi Jain Allole SLR GUL UND SINGLE NirukundialityinancinatinneroJANATA.1111hi..101 .mmmunic. nic.ithuni.. Munic.inmuli..37

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gopIlAla amara : darzana aura vijJAna ke Aloka meM pudgala dravya : 383 / / bandha kA kAraNa:-pudgala kA bandha jIva ke sAtha bhI hotA hai aura isake kaI kAraNa haiM. yaha to spaSTa hai ki pudgala dravya sakriya hai aura jo sakriya hotA hai usakA TUTate-phuTate rahanA, jur3ate-milate rahanAsvabhAvika hI hai. hA~, usameM koI na koI kAraNa nimitta ke rUpa meM avazya hotA hai. udAha raNArtha miTTI ke aneka kaNoM kA bandha hone para ghar3A banatA hai, isameM kumhAra nimitta kAraNa hai. dravya kI apanI rAsAyanika prakriyA bhI bandha kA kAraNa bana jAtI hai, kapUra Adi ke sammilina se banI amRtadhArA aura udjana (Hydrogen) Adi vAtiyoM (Gases) ke milane se banA huA jala aisI hI prakriyAoM ke pratiphala haiM. jIva-dravya aura pudgala dravya ke bandha meM mukhya kAraNa hai jIva kA apanA bhAvanAtmaka pariNamana aura dUsarA kAraNa hai pudgala kI prakriyA. bandha kI prakriyAH-jainAcAryoM ne bandha kI prakriyA kA atyanta sUkSma vizleSaNa kiyA hai. yadyapi vijJAna isa vizleSaNa ko apane prayogoM dvArA pUrNata: siddha nahIM kara sakA hai tathApi vizvAsa ke sAtha kahA jA sakatA hai ki isakI vaijJAnikatA meM saMdeha nahIM . paramANu se skandha, skandha se paramANu aura skandha se skandha kisa prakAra banate haiM, isa viSaya meM hama mukhyataH sAta tathya pAte haiM. (1) skandhoM kI utpatti kabhI bheda se, kabhI saMghAta se aura kabhI bheda-saMghAta se hotI hai. skandhoM kA vighaTana arthAt kucha paramANuoM kA eka skandha se vicchinna hokara dUsare skandha meM mila jAnA bheda kahalAtA hai. do skandhoM kA saMghaTana yA saMyoga ho jAnA saMghAta hai aura ina donoM prakriyAoM kA eka sAtha ho jAnA bheda-saMghAta hai.' (2) araNu kI utpatti kevala bhedaprakriyA se hI sambhava hai.2 (3) pudgala meM pAye jAne vAle snigdha aura rUkSa nAmaka do guNoM ke kAraNa hI yaha prakriyA sambhava hai. (4) jina pramANuoM kA snigdha athavA rUkSa guNa jaghanya arthAt nyUnatama zaktistara para ho unakA paraspara bandha nahIM hotA. (5) jina pamANuoM yA skandhoM meM snigdha yA rUkSa guNa samAna mAtrA meM arthAt sama zaktistara para ho unakA bhI paraspara bandha nahIM hotA. (6) lekina una paramANuoM kA bandha avazya hotA hai jinase snigdha aura rUkSa guNoM kI saMkhyA meM do ekAMkoM kA antara hotA hai. jaise cAra snigdha guNayukta skandha kA chaha snigdha guNa yukta skandha ke sAtha bandha sambhava hai athavA chaha rUkSa guNayukta skandha se bandha sambhava hai.6 (7)bandha kI prakriyA meM saMghAta se utpanna snigdhatA athavA rUkSatA meM se jo bhI guNa adhika parimANa meM hotA hai, navIna skandha usI guNa rUpa meM pariNata hotA hai. udAharaNa ke lie eka skandha, pandraha snigdhaguNayukta skandha aura teraha rUkSa guNa skandha se bane to vaha navIna skandha snigdhaguNarUpa hogA. Adhunika vijJAna ke kSetra meM bhI hama dekhate haiM ki yadi kisI aNu (Atom) meM se vidyudaNu (Electron RNANu) nikAla liyA jAya to vaha vidyutprabhRta (Positively charged )aura yadi eka vidyudaNu jor3a liyA jAya to vaha niA tprabhRta (Negatively charged) ho jAtA hai. 1. bhedasaMghAtebhya utpadyante -umAsvAmI tattvArtha sUtra. a0 5, sU0 26. 2. medAdaNu / -vahI a05, sU027. 3. snigdharUkSatatvAd bandhaH / --~-vahI, a0 5, sU033. 4. na ja dhanyaguNAnAm / --vahI a05, sU0 34. 5. guNasAmye sadRzyAnAm / -vahI, a05, sU0 3 cha. 6. yadhikAdiguNAnAM tu / -vahI, a05, sU0 36. 7. bandhA'dhiko pAriNAmikau ca / -vahI, a05, sU0 37. CG wwwajalcalary.org

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-0-0--0--0--0--0--0-0--0-0 384 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya jIva aura pudgala kA bandha-jIva aura pudgala ke pAramparika bandha kI eka viziSTa paribhASA hai, jisakA vizleSaNa bahuta kucha pahale kiyA jA cukA hai. kaSAya sahita hone arthAt rAgadveSarUpa bhAvanAtmaka pariNamana karane ke kAraNa jIva kArmaNavargaNA ke pudgala ko grahaNa karatA hai, aura isI grahaNa kA nAma hai vandha.' karmabandha kA siddhAnta--jIva jaisA karma karatA hai use vaisA hI phala bhoganA par3atA hai, yahI tathya karma-siddhAnta kI bhUmikA hai. isa siddhAnta ko jaina, sAMkhya, yoga, naiyAyika, vaizeSika aura mImAMsaka Adi AtmavAdI darzana to mAnate hI haiM, anAtmavAdI bauddha darzana bhI mAnatA hai. isI taraha IzvaravAdI aura anIzvaravAdI bhI isa siddhAnta meM prAyaH ekamata haiM. karmabandha kA svarUpa-jaina darzana meM karma kevala saMskAramAtra hI nahIM haiM kintu eka vastubhuta pudgala padArtha haiM jo rAgIdveSI jIva kI kriyA se AkRSTa hokara jIva ke sAtha A milatA hai. athavA yoM kahie ki rAga-dveSa se yukta jIva kI pratyeka mAnasika, vAcanika aura zArIrika kriyA ke sAtha eka dravya pudgalaparamANu yA kArmaNavargaNA-jIva meM AtI hai jo usake rAga-dveSa rUpa bhAvoM kA nimita pAkara jIva se baMdha jAtA hai aura Age calakara acchA yA burA phala dene lagatA haiM.2 karma ke do bheda haiM-dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma. jIva se saMyukta kArmaNavargaNA dravyakarma aura dravyakarma ke nimitta se hone vAle jIva ke rAga-dveSa rUpabhAva, bhAvakarma kahalAte haiM. karmabandha aura vaidika darzana-Izvara ko jagat kA niyantA mAnane vAle darzana jIva ko kArya karane meM svatantra, kintu usakA phala bhogane meM paratantra mAnate haiM. unake mata se karma kA phala Izvara detA hai kintu jaina-darzana ke anusAra karma apanA phala svayaM dete haiM. unake lie kisI nyAyAdhIza kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI. zarAba pIne se nazA hotA hai aura dUdha pIne se puSTi. zarAba yA dUdha pIne ke bAda usakA phala dene ke lie kisI dUsare zaktizAlI niyAmaka kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI. isI prakAra jIva kI pratyeka kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika pravRtti ke sAtha jo karmaparamANu jIva dravya kI ora AkRSTa hote haiM aura rAga-dveSa kA nimitta pAkara usa jIva se baMdha jAte haiM, una karmaparamANuoM (kArmaNavargaNAoM) meM bhI zarAba aura dUdha kI taraha acchA aura burA prabhAva DAlane kI zakti rahatI hai. jo caitanya ke sambandha se vyakta hokara jIva para apanA prabhAva DAlatI hai aura usake prabhAva se mugdha huA jIva aise kAma karatA hai jo sukhadAyaka yA duHkhadAyaka hote haiM. karmabandha kA vargIkaraNa--bandha yA saMyoga ko prApta hone vAlI kArmaNa vargaNAoM meM aneka prakAra kA svabhAva par3anA prakRtibandha hai. yaha ATha prakAra kA hotA hai.4 (1) jJAnAvaraNa karma (2) darzanAvaraNa karma (3) vedanIya karma (4) mohanIya karma (5) Ayu karma (6) nAma karma (7) gotra karma (8) antarAya karma. 1. sakaSAyatvAjjIvaH karmaNo yogyAna pudgalAnAdatte sa baMdha: -vahI, a08, sU0 2. 2. pariNamadi jadA appA suhammi asuhammi rAgadosajudo / taM pavisadi kammarayaM NANAvaraNAdibhAvehiM |-aacaary kundakundaH pravacanasAra, gAthA 65. 3. (1) karmaNyevAdhikAraste mA phaleSu kadAcana / -zrImadabhagavadgItA; a04, zlo0 27 / (2) ajJo janturanIzo'yamAtmanaH sukhaduHkhayoH / Izvaraprerito gacchet svarga vA zvabhrameva vA / --maharSi vedavyAsa : mahAbhArata,vanaparva, a0 30, zlo0 28. 4. Adyo jJAnadarzanAvaraNavedanIyamohanI yaayurnaamgotraantraayaaH|--aacaary umAsvAmI : tattvArthasUtra, a08, sU0 4. Jain L atin Hainalibrary.org

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0-0-0--0-0-0-0-0-0-0 gopIlAla amara : darzana aura vijJAna ke Aloka meM pudgala dravya : 385 sthitibandha-kArmaNa vargaNAoM meM AtmA ke sAtha baddha rahane kI kAla-maryAdA par3anA, sthiti bandha hai. anubhAgabandha-kArmaNavargaNAoM meM phala dene kI nyUnAdhika zakti utpanna honA, anubhAga bandha hai. pradezabandha-kArmaNavargaNA ke dalikoM kI saMkhyA kA niyata honA, pradezabandha hai. sUkSmatA--sUkSmatA kA artha hai choTApana, yaha do prakAra kA hai---antya sUkSmatA aura ApekSika sUkSmatA. antyasUkSmatA paramANuoM meM hI pAI jAtI hai aura ApekSika sUkSmatA do choTI-bar3I vastuoM meM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se pAI jAtI hai. sthUlatA- sthUlatA kA artha bar3Apana hai. vaha bhI do prakAra kA hai-antya sthUlatA jo mahAskandha meM pAI jAtI hai aura ApekSika sthUlatA jo choTI-bar3I vastuoM meM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se pAI jAtI hai. saMsthAna (AkAra)-saMsthAna kA artha hai-AkAra, racanAvizeSa. saMsthAna kA vargIkaraNa do prakAra se dekhane meM AtA hai. prathama prakAra se usake do bheda haiM--itthaM saMsthAna, jise hama trikoNa, catuSkoNa, gola Adi nAma dete haiM aura anitthaMsaMsthAna, jise hama anagar3ha bhI kaha sakate haiM, usako koI khAsa nAma nahIM diyA jA sakatA tathApi use chaha khaNDoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai--utkara, cUrNa, khaNDa, cUNikA, pratara aura aNucaTana. saMsthAna kA dvitIya prakAra se vargIkaraNa mAnava-zarIra ko dRSTigata rakhakara kiyA jAtA hai-samacaturasra, nyagrodha, parimaNDala, svAti, kubjaka, vAmana aura huNDaka. bheda (khaNDa)-skandhoM kA vighaTana arthAt kucha paramANuoM kA eka skandha se vicchinna hokara dUsare skandha meM mila jAnA bheda kahalAtA hai. tama (andhakAra)-jo dekhane meM bAdhaka ho aura prakAza kA virodhI ho vaha andhakAra hai: kucha ajaina dArzanikoM ne aMdhakAra ko koI vastu na mAnakara kevala prakAza kA abhAva mAnA hai para yaha ucita nahIM. yadi aisA mAna liyA jAya to yaha bhI kahA jA sakegA ki prakAza bhI koI vastu nahIM hai, vaha to kevala tama kA abhAva hai. vijJAna bhI aMdhakAra ko prakAza kA abhAvarUpa na mAnakara pRthak vastu mAnatA hai. vijJAna ke anusAra aMdhakAra meM bhI upastu kiraNoM (Infre-red heat rays) kA sadbhAva hai jinase ullU aura billI kI A~kheM tathA kucha viziSTa AcitrIya paTa (Photographic plates) prabhAvita hote haiM. isase siddha hotA hai ki aMdhakAra kA astitva dRzya prakAza (visible light) se pRthak hai. chAyA-prakAza para AvaraNa par3ane para chAyA utpanna hotI hai:2 prakAza-patha meM apAradarzaka kAyoM (opequc bodies) kA A jAnA AvaraNa kahalAtA hai. chAyA ko aMdhakAra ke aMtargata rakhA jA sakatA hai aura isa prakAra vaha bhI prakAza kA abhAvarUpa nahIM apitu pudgala kI paryAya siddha hotI hai. vijJAna kI dRSTi meM aNuvIkSoM (Lenses) aura darpaNoM ke dvArA nirmita pratibimba do prakAra ke hote haiM, vAstavika aura avAstavika. inake nirmANa kI prakriyA se spaSTa hai ki ye UrjA prakAza ke hI rUpAntara haiM. UrjA hI chAyA (shadows) aura vAstavika (Real) evaM avAstavika (virtual ) pratibimboM (images) ke rUpa meM lakSita hotI hai. vyatikaraNa paTTiyoM (interference bands) para yadi eka gaNanAyaMtra (Counting machine) calAyA jAya to kAlI paTTI (Dark Band) meM se bhI prakAza vaidyuta rIti se (photo electrically) vidyu daNuoM [Electrons] kA niHsarita honA siddha hotA hai. tAtparya yaha ki kAlI paTTI kevala prakAza ke abhAvarUpa nahIM, usameM bhI UrjA hotI hai aura isI kAraNa usase vidyudaNu nikalate haiM. kAlI paTTiyoM ke rUpa meM jo chAyA [shadows] hotI hai vaha bhI UrjA kA hI rUpAntara hai. 1. tamo dRSTipratibandhakAraNaM prakAzavirodhi-prAcArya pUjyapAdaH sarvArthasiddhi, a05, sU0 24. 2. chAyA prkaashaavrnnnimittaa|--vhii, a05, sU0 24. MAM Va CRICA Jain Education Temational PHA 2% NO COM For Private & Personal use only 66 www.jammelibrary.org

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386 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya vargIkaraNa-prakAza-patha meM darpaNoM [Mirrors] aura aNuvIkSoM [Lenses] kA A jAnA bhI eka prakAra kA AvaraNa hI hai. isa prakAra ke AvaraNa se vAstavika aura avAstavika prativimba banate haiM. aise pratibimba do prakAra ke hote haiM, varNAdivikArapariNata aura pratibimbamAtrAtmaka.' varNAdivikArapariNata chAyA meM vijJAna ke vAstavika pratibimba liye jA sakate haiM jo viparyasta [inverted] ho jAte haiM aura jinakA pramANa [size] badala jAtA hai. ye pratibimba prakAza-razmiyoM ke vastutaH [Actually] milana se banate haiM aura prakAza kI hI paryAya hone se spaSTata: paudgalika haiM. prativimbamAtrAtmikA chAyA ke aMtargata vijJAne ke avAstavika pratibimba [virtual images] rakhe jA sakate haiM jinameM kevala pratibimba hI rahatA hai, prakAza-razmiyoM ke milane se ye pratibimba nahIM banate. prakAza-jaina sUtrakAroM ne prakAza ke Atapa aura udyota ke rUpa meM do vibhAga kie haiM aura unhIM ke rUpa meM usakA vivecana kiyA hai. unakA yaha vibhAjana bar3A hI vaijJAnika bana par3A hai. jaina sUtrakAroM kI yaha sukSmadRSTi aura bhedazakti [Discriminative Power] nissaMdeha Azcaryajanaka hai. prakAza kA vaijJAnika vivecana bhI sambhava hai. vaha cAhe sUrya kA ho, cAhe dIpaka kA, nirantara gatizIla hai. vaijJAnikoM ne loka [brahmANDa] meM ghUmane vAle AkAzIya piNDoM kI gati, dUrI Adi ko mApane ke liye prakAza-kiraNa ko hI apanA mApa-daNDa mAna rakhA hai kyoMki usakI gati sadA samAna hai. prakAza meM pahale bhAra nahIM mAnA gayA thA lekina aba yaha siddha ho cukA hai ki vaha eka zakti kA bheda hote hue bhI bhAravAn hai. vaijJAnikoM ne yaha bhI patA lagAyA ki prakAza vidyuta-cumbakIya tattva hai. vaha eka vargamIla kSetra para pratiminiTa AdhI chaTAMka mAtrA meM sUrya se giratA hai. Atapa (dhUpa)-sUrya Adi ke nimitta se hone vAle uSNa prakAza ko Atapa kahate haiM.2 isameM UrjA kA adhikAMza tApakiraNoM [Heat Rays] ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotA hai. udyota (cAMdanI)-candramA, juganU Adi ke zIta prakAza ko udyota kahate haiM. udyota meM adhikAMza UrjA prakAza-kiraNoM [Light-energy] ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotI hai. tApa-tApa ko hama uSNatA kaha kara samajha sakate haiM. ise pudgala ke uSNa sparza guNa kI paryAya kahA jAnA cAhie. tabhI tApa kA vivecana pUrNataH vaijJAnika dRSTi se hogA. paramANu meM ghanANu aura RNAragu nirantara gatizIla rahate haiM aura isI taraha aNu meM svayaM paramANu aura aNu-gucchakoM meM aNU nirantara gatizIla rahate haiM. yahI Antarika gati jaba bahuta bar3ha jAtI hai aura sUkSmakaNa paraspara TakarAte hue idhara-udhara daur3ane lagate haiM to ve tApa ke rUpa meM dikhane lagate haiM. vidya ta (bijalI)--vidyut ko hama sAdhAraNataH ghana-vidyut aura jala-vidyut ke do rUpoM meM dekhate haiM. ye donoM hI pudgala-paryAya haiM aura donoM kA vaijJAnika mUlAdhAra eka hI hai. vaijJAnika dRSTi se vidyut ke do rUpa haiM, ghana aura RNa. ghana kA AdhAra udyatkaNa [Proton] aura RNa kA AdhAra vidyutkaNa [Electron] hai. siddhAnta ke anusAra vizva kA pratyeka padArtha vidyunmaya hai. reDiyo--kriyAtarakha [Radio-activity]-jaba kisI paramANu [Atom] se kisI kAraNavaza usake mUlabhUta kaNa, vidyutkaNa [Electron] aura udyutkaNa [proton] pRthak hote haiM to bama phaTane kI taraha dhar3Ake kI AvAja hotI hai, sAtha hI usase eka prakAra kI lau nikalatI hai jo prakAza kI taraha Age-Age bar3hatI calI jAtI hai. isI lau ke prasaraNa ko reDiyo-kriyAtattva [Radio activity] yA kiraNa-prasaraNa [Radiation] kahate haiM. Adhunika vijJAna ke 103 tarava-vaijJAnikoM ne pudgala ke kucha aise paryAyoM kA patA lagAyA hai jo apanI eka svatantra 1. sA dedhA varNAdivikArapariNatA pratibimbamAtrAtmikA ceti |-vhii, a0 5, sU0 24. 2. Atapa AdityAdinimitta uSNaprakAzalakSaNaH / vahI, a05, sU0 24. ALA wwwww W 01010101oloto /otdtoloroton ololololololol Jain Educator memorary.org

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gopIlAla amara : darzana aura vijJAna ke Aloka meM pudgala dravya : 387 jAti ke hote haiM aura jinameM kisI anya jAti kA mizraNa svabhAvataH nahIM hotA. aisI amizrita jAti ke pudgala-paryAyoM ko hI vijJAna meM tattva kahA jAtA hai. maulika dRSTi se vicAra karane para jJAta hotA hai ki ina tattvoM ke anveSaNa kI preraNA vaidika darzana ke paJca mahAbhUtoM vAle siddhAnta se milI hai. tattvoM kA anveSaNa dinoMdina hotA hI calA gayA aura unakI saMkhyA 92 taka pahu~ca gaI. aba to sunate haiM ki yaha saMkhyA 103 taka pahu~ca gaI hai. bhaviSya meM aura bhI aneka tattvoM ke anveSaNa kI sambhAvanA hai. jaina darzanakAroM ne 7 tattva aura 6 dravya hI mAne haiM lekina unheM isa 103 kI saMkhyA se bhI koI Apatti nahIM. unakA vargIkaraNa svayaM itanA yuktipUrNa aura vaijJAnika hai ki Aye dina hote rahane vAle vaijJAnika anveSaNoM se unakI puSTi hI hotI jAtI hai. ye 103 tattva kevala pudgala dravya ke hI paryAya haiM aura unakA antarbhAva isI dravya ke sthUla sthUla Adi 6 bhedoM meM yathAsambhava kiyA jA sakatA hai. jainadarzana meM paramANuoM kI jAtiyA~ bhI mAnI gaI haiM aura yaha bhI mAnA gayA hai ki eka jAti dUsarI jAti se amizrita raha sakatI hai. aNu bama - pahale vaijJAnikoM kI mAnyatA thI ki unakA tathAkathita paramANu TUTatA nahIM, vicchinna nahIM hotA lekina dhIre-dhIre unakI yaha mAnyatA khaNDita hotI gaI. dhIre-dhIre yaha bhI anveSaNa huA ki paramANuoM ke bIjANuoM kI ikAI meM apAra zakti bharI par3I hai. unhoMne yaha anveSaNa bhI kiyA ki yUreniyama nAmaka tatva ke paramANuoMkA vikIraNa ho sakatA hai, inhIM saba anveSaNoM ke AdhAra para aNu bama ko janma milA. kahanA na hogA ki yUreniyama tatva, jisake paramANuoM ke vikIraNa se visphoTa hotA hai. pudgala dravya kI paryAya hai, ataH yaha saba pudgala dravya kA hI camatkAra hai. udjana bama - udjana bama kA siddhAnta aNu bama ke siddhAnta se ThIka viparIta hai. araNu bama aNuoM ke vibhAjana kA pariNAma hai jabaki udjana bama unake saMyoga kA yaha bhI spaSTataH pudgala kA hI paryAya hai. reDiyo aura TelIgrAma Adi reDiyo, TrAMjisTara, TelIgrAma, TelIphona, TelIpriMTara, betAra kA tAra, grAmophona aura TeparikArDara Adi aneka yantra Aja vijJAna ke camatkAra mAne jAte haiM. para ina sabake mUlabhUta siddhAnta para dRSTipAta karane se hama isI niSkarSa para Ate haiM--yaha saba zabda kI adbhUta zakti aura tIvra gati kA hI pariNAma hai. aura zabda pudgala kA hI paryAya hai. sacamuca, pudgala ke khela adbhuta aura ananta haiM. - TelIvijana- -jaise reDiyo yantra-gRhIta zabdoM ko vidyutpravAha se Age bar3hAkara sahastroM mIla dUra jyoM-kA-tyoM prakaTa karatA hai vaise hI TelIvijana bhI prasaraNazIla praticchAyA ko sahastroM mIla dUra jyoM-kA-tyoM vyakta karatA hai. jaina zAstroM meM batAyA gayA hai ki vizva ke pratyeka mUrta padArtha se pratikSaNa tadAkAra praticchAyA nikalatI rahatI hai aura padArtha ke cAroM ora Age bar3hakara vizvabhara meM phaila jAtI hai. jahA~ use prabhAvita karane vAle padArthoM-darpaNa, jala Adi kA yoga hotA hai vahA~ vaha prabhAvita bhI hotI hai. TelIvijana kA AviSkAra isI siddhAnta kA udAharaNa hai. ataH TelIvijana kA antarbhAva pudgala kI chAyA nAmaka paryAya meM kiyA jAnA cAhie. eksa-reza eksa-reja bhI vijJAna jagat kA eka mahattvapUrNa evaM camatkAramaya AviSkAra hai. prakAza-kiraNoM kI abAdha gati evaM atyanta sUkSmatA hI isa AviSkAra kA mUla hai. ataH eksa-rez2a ko pudgala kI prakAza nAmaka paryAya ke antargata rakhanA hI ucita hai. anya - vizva meM jo kucha bhI chUne, cakhane, sUMghane, dekhane aura sunane meM AtA hai vaha saba pudgala kI paryAya hai. prANimAtra ke zarIra, indriya aura mana Adi pudgala se hI nirmita haiM vizva kA aisA koI bhI pradeza konA nahIM hai jahA~ pudgala dravya kisI-na-kisI paryAya meM vidyamAna na ho. -

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388 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : dvitIya adhyAya -0-0--0--0--0-0-0-0-0-0 upasaMhAra yaha vijJAna kA yuga hai. pratyeka vyakti kI jijJAsA Aja tIvra ho uThI hai. use kore zAstrIya tarkoM se hI santoSa nahIM. vijJAna kI tulA para tole binA vaha kisI bhI siddhAnta se sahamata nahIM hotA. phalataH sarvopari siddhAnta-darzana Aja vahI mAnA jAne lagA hai jo zAstra-sammata to ho hI, vijJAna-sammata bhI ho. Aja kI isI pravRtti ko lakSya meM rakhakara maiMne pudgala dravya kA yaha vizleSaNa prastuta kiyA hai. vizleSaNa darzana aura vijJAna, donoM dRhiyoM se kiyA gayA hai. pudgala dravya ke viSaya meM sthAna-sthAna para darzana aura vijJAna kI samatA to dikhAI hI gaI hai, viSamatA bhI dikhAI gaI hai. isa nibandha meM pudgala dravya ke lagabhaga sabhI pahaluoM kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai-tulanAtmaka dRSTi se bhI aura vivecanAtmaka dRSTi se bhI. vizleSaNa meM zAstrIya bhASA kA prayoga prAyaH nahIM kiyA hai tAki jana-sAdhAraNa use sahaja hI samajha sake. isI dRSTi se yathAsthAna aMgrejI paryAya bhI detA gayA hU~. kathita viSaya kI puSTi ke liye sandarbha-granthoM kA havAlA bhI diyA gayA hai. aise hI vizleSaNa jIva dravya, dharma dravya, adharma dravya, AkAza dravya aura kAla dravya ke viSaya meM Aja anivAryarUpa se apekSita haiM. Jain Education Intemational