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________________ citrakAvya kA utkarSa-saptasandhAna mahAkAvya __ zrI satyavrata 'tRSita' zrIgaMgAnagara apanI vidvattA tathA racanA kauzalake pradarzanake lie saMskRta kaviyoMne jina kAvya-zailiyoMkA Azraya liyA hai, unameM nAnArthaka kAvyoMkI paramparA bahuta prAcIna hai| bhojakRta zrRMgAra prakAzameM daNDIke dvisandhAna kAvyakA ullekha huA hai| daNDIkA dvisandhAna to upalabdha nahIM, kintu unakI citra kAvya-zailIne paravartI kaviyoMko itanA prabhAvita kiyA ki sAhityameM, zAstrakAvyoMkI bhA~ti nAnArthaka kAvyoMkI eka abhinava vidyAkA sUtrapAta huA tathA isa koTikI racanAoMkA pracura saMkhyAmeM nirmANa hone lgaa| jaina kaviyoMne saptasaMdhAna, caturvizati saMdhAna tathA zatArthaka kAvya likhakara isa bhASAyI jAdUgarIko carama sImA taka pahuMcA diyaa| aneka saMdhAna kAvyameM zleSavidhi athavA vilomarItise eka-sAtha ekAdhika kathAoMke gumphanake dvArA kAvya-racayitAko bhASAdhikAra tathA racanA-naipuNya pradarzita karanekA avAdha avakAza mila jAtA hai| ataH, AtmajJApanake zaukIna paNDita kaviyoMkA idhara pravRtta honA bahuta svAbhAvika thaa| jaina kavi meghavijayagaNi (satarahavIM zatAbdI) kA saptasandhAna mahAkAvya citrakAvya zailIkA utkarSa hai| sAhityakA Adima saptasandhAna kAvya kalikAla sarvajJa AcArya hemacandrakI urvara lekhanIse prasUta huA thaa| usako aprAptise utpanna khinnatAko dUra karaneke liye meghavijayane prastuta kAvya racanA kI / 2 nau sargoMke isa mahAkAvyameM jaina dharmake pA~ca tIthaMkaroM-RSabhadeva, zAntinAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra tathA puruSottama rAma aura kRSNa vAsudevakA carita zleSavidhise gumphita hai| kAvyameM yadyapi ina mahApuruSoMke jIvanake katipaya prakaraNoMkA hI nibandhana huA hai, kintu unheM eka sAtha citrita karaneke dussAdhya kAryakI pUrtike lie kaviko vikaTa citra zailI tathA ucchakhala zAbdI krIDAkA Azraya lenA par3A hai, jisase kAvya vajravata durbhedha bana gayA hai / TIkAke jala-pAtheyake binA kAvyake marusthalako pAra karanA sarvathA asambhava hai / vijayAmRta sUrine apanI vidvattApUrNa 'saraNI'se kAvyakA marma vivRta karanekA prazaMsanIya prayAsa kiyA hai, yadyapi kahIMkahIM 'saraNI' bhI kAvyakI bhA~ti durUha bana gayI hai| saptasandhAna kA mahAkAvyatva saptasandhAnake kartAkA mukhya uddezya citrakAvya-racanAmeM apanI vaidagdhIkA prakAzana karanA hai, aura isa lakSyake sammukha, usake liye kAnyake anya dharma gauNa haiM; tathApi isameM prAyaH ve sabhI tattva kisI na kisI rUpameM vidyamAna hai, jinheM prAcIna lakSaNakAroM ne mahAkAvyake liye Avazyaka mAnA hai / saMskRta mahAkAvyakI rUr3ha paramparAke anusAra prastuta kAvyakA Arambha cAra maMgalAcaraNAtmaka padhoMse huA hai, jinameM jinezvaroM tathA vAgdevIkI vandanA kI gayI hai| kAvyake ArambhameM sajjanaprazaMsA, durjananindA, sannagarI varNana Adi baddhamUla 1. jaina-sAhitya-vardhaka sabhA, sUratase 'sakhI' sahita prakAzita, vikrama saMvata 2000 / 2. zrI hemacandrasUrIzaiH saptasandhAnamAdimam / racitaM tadalAbhe tu stAdidaM tuSTaye satAm // prazasti, 2 / vividha : 297 38
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________________ rUr3hiyoMkA bhI nirvAha haA hai / raghuvaMzakI bhAMti saptasandhAna nAnA nAyakoMke caritapara AdhArita hai, jo dhIrodAtta guNoMse sampanna mahApuruSa haiM / isakA kathAnaka jaina sAhitya tathA samAjameM, AMzika rUpa se jaine tara samAjameM bhI, cirakAla se pracalita tathA jJAta hai / ataH ise 'itihAsa prasUta' (prakhyAta) mAnanA nyAyocita hai / saptasandhAnameM yadyapi mahAkAvyocita rasAtAkA abhAva hai, tathApi isameM zAntarasakI pradhAnatA mAnI jA sakatI hai| zRMgAra tathA vIra rasakI bhI halkI-sI rekhA dikhAI deto hai| caturvargameMse isakA uddezya mokSaprApti hai| kAvyake caritanAyaka (tIrthakara) kaivalyajJAna-prApti ke pazcAt zivatvako prApta hote haiN| mAnavajIvanakI carama pariNati satata sAdhanAse janma-maraNake cakrase mukti prApta karanA hai, bhAratIya saMskRtikA yaha Adarza hI kAvyameM pratidhvanita haA hai| - saptasandhAnakI racanA sargabaddha kAvyake rUpameM huI hai / kAvyakA zIrSaka racanA-prakriyA para AdhArita hai tathA isake sA~ke nAma unameM varNita viSayake anusAra rakhe gaye haiM / chandoMke prayogameM bhI meghavijayane zAstrIya vidhAnakA pAlana kiyA hai| pratyeka sargameM eka chandakI pradhAnatA hai| sargAntameM chanda badala diyA gayA hai| sAtaveM sargameM nAnA chandoMkA prayoga bhI zAstrAnu kUla hai / isake atirikta isameM bhASAgata praur3hatA, vidvattApradarzanakI adamya pravRtti, zailIkI gambhIratA, nagara, parvata, SaDRtu Adi vastu-vyApArake mahAkAvyasulabha vistRta tathA alaMkRta varNana bhI dRSTigocara hote haiN| ataH saptasandhAnako mahAkAvya mAnanemeM koI hicaka nahIM ho sktii| svayaM kavine bhI zIrSaka tathA pratyeka sargakI paSpikAmeM ise mahAkAvya saMjJA pradAna kI hai| kavi-paricaya tathA racanAkAla anya adhikAMza jaina kaviyoMkI bhA~ti meghavijayakA gRhasthajIvana to jJAta nahIM, kintu devAnandAbhyudaya, zAntinAthacarita, yuktiprabodhanATaka Adi apanI kRtiyoM meM unhoMne apane munijIvanakA paryApta paricaya diyA hai| meghavijaya mugala samrATa akabarake kalyANamitra hIravijayasUrike ziSyakulameM the / unake dIkSA-guru to kRpAvijaya the, kintu unheM upAdhyAya padapara vijayadevasUrike paTradhara vijayaprabhasUrine pratiSThita kiyA thaa| vijayaprabhasUrike prati meghavijayakI asIma zraddhA hai| na kevala devAnanda mahAkAvyake antima sargameM unakA prazastigAna kiyA gayA hai apitu do svatantra kAvyoM-digvijaya mahAkAvya tathA meghadUtasamasyAlekha-ke dvArA kavine guruke prati kRtajJatA prakaTa kI hai / ye donoM kAvya vijayaprabhasUrike sArasvata smAraka haiN| __ meghavijaya apane samayake pratibhAzAlI kavi, pratyutpanna dArzanika, prayogazuddha vaiyAkaraNa, samayajJa jyotiSI tathA AdhyAtmika AtmajJAnI the| unhoMne ina sabhI viSayoMpara apanI lekhanI calAyI tathA sabhIko apanI pratibhA tathA vidvattAke sparzase Alokita kara diyaa| prastuta mahAkAvyake atirikta unake do anya mahAkAvya-devAnandAbhyudaya tathA digvijaya mahAkAvya suvijJAta haiN| meghavijaya samasyApUrtike pAraMgata AcArya haiM / devAnanda, meghadUtasamasyAlekha tathA zAntinAtha caritameM kramazaH mAghakAvya, meghadUta tathA naiSadhacaritakI samasyApUrti karake unhoMne adbhuta racanAkauzalakA paricaya diyA hai| meghavijayane kirAtakAvyakI bhI samasyApUti kI thI, kintu vaha aba upalabdha nahIM hai| laghutriSaSTizalAkA puruSacarita, bhaviSyadattakathA tathA paMcAkhyAna unakI anya jJAta kAvyakRtiyA~ haiN| vijayadeva mAhAtmya vivaraNa zrIvallabhake suvikhyAta vijayadeva mAhAtmyakI TIkA hai| yuktiprabodhanATaka tathA dharmamaMjUSA unake nyAyagrantha haiN| candraprabhA, haimazabdacandrikA, 3. gacchAdhIzvarahIravijayAmnAye nikAye dhiyAM preSyaH zrIvijayaprabhAkhyasUgaroH zrItapAkhye gnne| ziSyaH prAjJamaNeH kRpAdivijayasyAzAsyamAnAmagraNIzcakre vAcakanAmameghavijayaH zasyAM samasyAmimAma / / zAntinAthacarita, pratisargAnte 298 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha
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________________ haimazabdaprakriyA unake vyAkaraNa-pANDityake pratIka haiM / candraprabhAmeM haimavyAkaraNako kaumudI rUpameM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| varSa prabodha, ramala zAstra, hastasaMjIvana, udayadIpikA, praznasundarI, vIsAyantravidhi unakI jyotiSa racanAe~ hai| adhyAtmase sambandhita kRtiyoMmeM mAtRkAprasAda, brahmabodha tathA arhadgItA ullekhanIya haiM / ina caubIsa granthoM ke atirikta paMcatIrthastuti tathA bhaktAmarastotrapara unakI TIkAe~ bhI upalabdha haiN| saMskRta kI bhA~ti gujarAtI bhASAko bhI meghavijayakI pratibhAkA varadAna milA thA / jainadharamadIpaka, jaina zAsanadIpaka, AhAragaveSaNA, zrIvijayadevasUrinirvANarAsa, kRpAvijayanirvANarAsa, covizajinastavana, pArzvanAthastotra Adi unakI rAjasthAnI gujarAtI racanAe~ haiN| yaha vaividhyapUrNa sAhitya meghavijayakI bahazrutatA tathA bahumukhI pratibhA kA pratIka hai| prAntaprazastike anusAra saptasandhAnakI racanA saMvat 1760 (san 1703 I0 meM) huI thii| viyadrasendUnAM (1760) pramANAt privtsre| .. kRto'yamudyamaH pUrvAcAryacaryApratiSThitaH // meghavijayane apanI kucha anya kRtiyoMmeM bhI racanAkAlakA nirdeza kiyA hai| usase unake sthitikAlakA kucha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai / vijayadevamAhAtmyavivaraNako pratilipi muni somagaNine saMvat 1709 meM kI thii| ataH usakA isase pUrvaracita honA nizcita hai| yaha megha vijayakI prathama racanA pratIta hotI hai| saptasandhAna unakI sAhitya-sAdhanA kI pariNati hai| yaha unakI antima racanA hai| vijayadevamAhAtmya vivaraNakI racanAke samaya unako avasthA 20-25 varSako avazya rahI hogii| ataH meghavijayakA kAryakAla 1627 tathA 1710 I0 ke bIca mAnanA sarvathA nyAyocita hogaa| kathAnaka-saptasandhAna nau sargoMkA mahAkAvya hai, jisameM pUrvokta sAta mahApuruSoMke jIvanacarita eka sAtha anusyUta haiM / bahadhA zleSavidhise vaNita honeke kAraNa jIvanavRttakA isa prakAra gumphana huA hai ki vibhinna nAyakoMke caritako alaga karanA kaThina ho jAtA hai| ataH kathAnakakA sAmAnya sAra dekara yahA~ sAtoM mahApuruSoM ke jIvanakI ghaTanAoMko pRthak-pRthak diyA jA rahA hai / avatAra varNana nAmaka prathama sargameM caritanAyakoMke pitAoM kI rAjadhAniyoM, inakI zAsana-vyavasthA tathA mAtAoM ke svapnadarzanakA varNana hai| dvitIya sargameM carita nAyakakoM kA janma varNita hai| unake dharA para avatIrNa hote hI samasta roga zAnta ho jAte haiM tathA prajA kA amyadaya hotA hai| tRtIta sargameM nAyakoMke janmAbhiSeka, nAyakaraNa tathA vivAha kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| pUjyarAjyavarNana nAmaka caturtha sargake prathama caudaha padyoMmeM Adi prabhuke rAjyAbhiSekake liye devatAoMke Agamana, RSabhadevakI santAnotpatti tathA unakI prajAkI sukha-samRddhikA varNana hai| agale saulaha padyoMmeM kRSNacaritake antargata kaurava-pANDavoMke vaira, draupadIke cIraharaNa tathA dIkSAgrahaNa AdikI carcA hai| sargake zeSAMzameM tIrthaMkaroM dvArA rAjatyAga tathA pravrajyAgrahaNa karane kA varNana hai| paMcama sargameM kAvyameM varNita pA~ca tIrthakaroMke vihAra, tapazcaryA tathA kaSTa sahana kA pratipAdana huA hai| unake prAkRtika tathA bhautika kaSTa saha kara ve tapase karmoM kA kSaya karate haiN| unake upadezase prajAjana rAgadveSa Adi chor3akara dhArmika kRtyoMmeM pravRtta ho jAte haiN| chaThe sargameM jinendra kaivalyajJAna 1. likhito'yaM granthaH paNDita zrI 5 zrIraMga somagaNiziSyamanisomagaNinA SaM01709 varSe caitramAse..." shriivinydevsuuriishvrraajye| vijayadeva mAhAtmya, prAntapuSpikA / vividha: 299
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________________ prApta karake syAdvAda paddhatise upadeza dete haiM / sAtaveM sargameM chaha paramparAgata RtuoMkA varNana kiyA gayA hai / tIrthaMkaroMke samavasaraNake avasarapara bhAvI cakravartI bharata, anya rAjAoMke sAtha unakI sevAmeM upasthita hote haiM / digvijaya varNana nAmaka aSTama sargameM Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadevake putra, cakravartI bharatako digvijaya, sAMvatsarika dAna tathA jinezvaroMkI mokSaprAptikA nirUpaNa haA hai| naveM sargameM makhyataH jinezvaroMke gaNadharoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / ___isa prakAra kAvyameM sAmAnyatayA sAtoM nAyakoMke mAtA-pitA, rAjadhAnI, mAtAoMke svapnadarzana, garbhAdhAna, dohada, kumArajanma, jammAbhiSeka, bAlakrIr3A, vivAha, rAjyAbhiSeka Adi sAmAnya ghaTanAoM tathA pAMca tIthaMkaroMkI laukAntika devoMkI abhyarthanA, sAMvatsarika dAna, dIkSA, tapazcaryA, pAraNA, kevalajJAnaprApti, samavasaraNa-racanA, dezanA, nirvANa, gaNadhara Adi prasaMgoMkA varNana hai| vibhinna mahApuruSoMke jIvanakI jina viziSTa ghaTanAoMkA nirUpaNa kAvyameM haA hai, ve isa prakAra haiN| AdinAtha--bharatako rAjya denA, namivinamikRta sevA, chadmAvasthAmeM bAhabalIkA takSazilA jAnA, samavasaraNameM bharatakA Agamana, cakravartI bharatakA SaTkhaNDasAdhana, digvijaya, bhaginI dIkSA Adi / zAntinAtha-azivaharaNa tathA SaTakhaNDavijaya dvArA cakravartitvakI prApti / neminAtha--rAjImatIkA tyAga / mahAvIra-garbhaharaNakI ghaTanA / rAmacandra-sItAsvayaMbara, vanagamana, sItAharaNa, rAvaNavadha, dIkSAgrahaNa, bahuvivAha, zambUkavadha, rAvaNakA kapaTa, hanumAnakA dautya, jaTAyuvadha, dhanubhaMga, sItAkI agni parIkSA, vibhISaNakA pakSatyAga, vibhISaNakA rAjyAbhiSeka, yuddha, rAvaNavadha, zatrujayayAtrA, mokSaprApti, sapatnI-dveSake kAraNa sItA-tyAga, sItA dvArA dIkSAgrahaNa Adi rAmAyaNakI pramukha ghaTanAe~ / * kRSNacandra-rukmiNI-vivAha, kaMsavadha, pradyumna-viyoga, mathurAnivAsa, pradyumna dvArA uSAharaNa, jarAsandhakA AkramaNa, kAliyadamana, dvArikAdahana, zarIratyAga, balabhadrakA kRSNake zavako uThAkara ghUmanA, dIkSAgrahaNa, zizupAla evaM jarAsandhakA vadha / isake sAtha hI kRSNa evaM neminAthakA pANDavoMke sAtha ghaniSTha sambandha honeke kAraNa pANDavajanma, draupadIsvayaMvara, cUta, cIraharaNa, vanavAsa, guptavAsa, kIcakavadha, abhimanyukA parAkrama, mahAbhArata-yuddha evaM duHzAsana, droNa, bhISma AdikA vadha Adi mahAbhAratakI pramukha ghaTanAoMkA ullekha bhI kAvyameM huA hai / __kathAnakake pravAhakI ora kavikA dhyAna nahIM hai| vastutaH kAvyakA kathAnaka nagaNya hai| caritanAyakoMke jIvanake katipaya prasaMgoMko prastuta karanA hI kaviko abhISTa hai| ina ghaTanAoMke viniyogameM bhI kavikA dhyeya apanI vidvattA tathA kavitva zaktiko baghAranA rahA hai| ataH kAvyameM varNita ghaTanAoMkA anukrama astavyasta ho gayA hai| vizeSataH, rAmake jIvanase sambandhita ghaTanAoMmeM kramabaddhatAkA abhAva hai| udAharaNArtha rAmake kiSkindhA jAnekA ullekha pahale huA hai, unake anuyAyiyoMke ayodhyA lauTanekI carcA bAda meN| sItA svayaMvara tathA vanagamanase pUrva sItAharaNa tathA rAvaNavadhakA nirUpaNa karanA hAsyaspada hai / isI prakAra hanumAnake dautyake pazcAt jaTAyuvadha tathA dhanubhaMgakA ullekha kiyA jAnA kavike pramAdakA dyotaka hai| kAvyameM rAmakathAke jaina rUpAntarakA pratipAdana huA hai| phalataH rAmakA ekapatnItvakA Adarza yahA~ 300 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha
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________________ samApta ho gayA hai| ve bahuvivAha karate haiN| unakI cAra patniyoMke nAmoMkA ullekha to kAvyameM hI huA hai / sapatniyoMke SaDyantrake kAraNa rAmako sItAkI saccaritratApara sandeha ho jAtA hai, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa ve usa gabhiNIko rAjyase niSkAsita kara dete haiN| rAmake suvijJAta putroM, kuza aura lavakA sthAna yahA~ anaMgalavaNa tathA madanAMkuza le lete haiN| jaina rAmAyaNa ke anurUpa hI rAma zatrujayakI yAtrA karate haiM tathA pravrajyA grahaNa karake mokSa prApta karate haiN| kAvyakA saptasandhAnatva sAta vyaktiyoMke caritako eka sAtha gumphita karanA dussAdhya kArya hai / prastuta kAvyameM yaha kaThinAI isalie aura bar3ha jAto hai ki yahA~ jina mahApuruSoMkA jIvanavRtta nibaddha hai, unameM se pA~ca jainadharmake tIrthakara haiM tathA anya do hindU dharmake ArAdhya deva, yadyapi jaina sAhityameM bhI ve ajJAta nahIM haiN| kaviko apane lakSyakI pati meM saMskRtakI saMzliSTa prakRtise sabase adhika sahAyatA milI hai| zleSa aisA alaMkAra hai jisake dvArA kavi bhASAko icchAnusAra tor3a-maror3akara abhISTa artha nikAla sakatA hai| isIlie saptasandhAnameM zleSakI nirbAdha yojanA ko gayI hai, jisase kAvyakA sAtoM pakSoMmeM artha grahaNa kiyA jA ske| kintu yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki saptasandhAnake pratyeka padyake sAta artha nahIM haiN| vastutaH kAvyameM aise padya bahuta kama haiM, jinake sAta svatantra artha kiye jA sakate haiN| adhikAMza padyoMke tIna artha nikalate haiM, jinameMse eka, jinezvaroMpara ghaTita hotA hai; zeSa dokA sambandha rAma tathA kRSNase hai| tIrthaMkaroMkI nijI vizeSatAoMke kAraNa kucha padyoMke cAra, pA~ca athavA chaha artha bhI kiye jA sakate haiN| kucha padya to zleSase sarvathA mukta haiM tathA unakA kevala eka artha hai / yahI artha sAtoM caritanAyakoMpara caritArtha hotA hai / yahI prastuta kAvyakA saptasandhAnatva hai| kavi yaha ukti-kAvye'sminnata eva sapta kathitA arthAH samarthAH zriya (4/42) bhI isI arthameM sArthaka hai| jo padya bhinna-bhinna aryoM ke dvArA sAtoM pakSoMpara ghaTita hote haiM, unameM vyaktiyoMke anusAra eka vizeSya hai, anya pada usake vizeSaNa / anya pakSameM artha karanepara vahI vizeSya vizeSaNa bana jAtA hai, vizeSaNoMmeMse prasaMgAnusAra eka pada vizeSyakI padavIpara AsIna ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra pAThakako sAtoM abhISTa artha prApta ho jAte haiM / udAharaNArtha sAtoM caritanAyakoMke pitAoMke nAma prastuta padyameM samaviSTa ho gaye haiN| avanipatirihAsId vizvaseno'zvasenopyatha dazarathanAmnA yaH sanAbhiH surezaH / balivijayisamudraH prauDhasiddhArthasaMjJaH prasRtamaruNatejastasya bhUkazyapasya / / 1/54 sAtoMkI janmatithiyoMkA ullekha bhI eka hI padyameM kara diyA gayA hai / jyeSThe'site vizvahite sucaitre vasuprame zuddhanabho'rthamaye / sAMke dazAhe divase sapoSe janirjinasyAjani vItadoSe / / 2/16 prastuta padyameM kAvyanAyakoMke cAritryagrahaNa karanekA varNana eka-sAtha huA hai| jAtemahAvratamadhatta jineSu mukhyastasmAtpare'hani sa-zAnti-samudrabhUrvA / zrIpArzva eva paramo'caramastu mArge rAme'krameNa kakubhAmanubhAvanIye // 4 // 39 kaviko zailIkA vidrUpa vahA~ dikhAI detA hai jahA~ padyoMse vibhinna artha nikAlane ke lie usane bhASAke sAtha manamAnA khilavAr3a kiyA hai| padyoMko vividha pakSoMpara caritArtha karaneke lie TIkAkArane jAne-mAne padoMke aise citra-vicitra artha kiye haiM, ki pAThaka camatkRta to hotA hai, kintu isa vajase jUjhatA vividha : 301
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________________ -jUjhatA vaha hatAza ho jAtA hai| tathAkathita RtuvarNanako bhI kavine caritanAyakoMpara ghaTAnekI ceSTA kI hai| nimnokta padya mukhyataH pANDavacaritase sambandhita hai, kintu TIkAkArane isase sAtoM kAvyanAyakoMke pakSake artha bhI nikAle haiM / TIkAko sahAyatAke binA koI viralA hI isake abhISTa artha kara sakatA hai / bhISmo'grato yamavidhiH svaguroraniSTaH kRSNAlakagrahaNakarma sabhAsamakSam / vairAgyaheturabhavad bhavino na kasya daivasya vazyamakhilaM yadavazyabhAviH / / 4/26 zlokArdhayamakase Acchanna nimnokta prakArake padyoMke bhI pAThakase jaba nAnA artha karanekI AkAMkSA kI jAtI hai, to vaha sira dhunaneke atirikta kyA kara sakatA hai ? nAgAhata-vivAhena tatkSaNe sadRzaH zriyaH / nAgAhata-vivAhena tatkSaNe sadRzaH zriyaH / / 6/54 bhASA-saptasandhAna bhASAyI khilavAr3a hai / kAvyoMkA nAnA arthoM kA bodhaka banAnekI AturatAke kAraNa kavine jisa padAvalIkA gumphana kiyA hai, vaha pANDitya tathA racanAkauzalakI parAkASThA hai| sAyAsa prayukta bhASAmeM jisa kRtrimatA evaM kaSTasAdhyatAkA A jAnA svAbhAvika hai, saptasandhAnameM vaha bharapUra mAtrAmeM vidyamAna hai / saptasandhAna sahI arthameM kliSTa tathA durUha hai| sacamuca usa vyaktike pANDitya evaM cAturyapara Azcarya hotA hai jisane itanI garbhita bhASAkA prayoga kiyA hai jo eka sAtha sAta-sAta arthoMko vivRta kara sake / bhASAkI yaha dussAdhyatA kAvyakA guNa bhI hai. durgaNa bhii| jahA~taka yaha kavike pANDitya kI paricAyaka hai, ise, isa sImita artha meM, guNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| kintu jaba yaha bhASAtmaka kliSTatA arthabodhameM dulaMdhya bAdhA banatI hai taba kavikI vidvattA pAThakake lie abhizApa bana jAtI hai| vividha arthoM kI prAptike lie padyoMkA bhinna-bhinna prakArase anvaya karane tathA suparicita zabdoMke akalpanIya artha khojane meM bApure pAThakako asahya bauddhika yAtanA sahanI par3atI hai| eka-do udAharaNoMse yaha bAta spaSTa ho jaaegii| savitRtanaye rAmAsakta harestanuje bhuje prasarati pare dautye'dityAH sutA bhayabhaMgurAH / zrutigatamahAnAdA-devaM jagunijamagrajaM raNaviramaNaM lIbhakSobhAdvibhISaNakAyataH // 5/37 isa padyameM jinendroMkI kAmavijayakA varNana hai| yaha artha nikAlaneke lie zabdoMko kaisA tor3Amaror3A hai, isakA AbhAsa TIkAke nimnokta aMzase bhalI-bhA~ti ho jaayegaa| harejinendrasya bhuje bhogyakarmaNi tanuje alpIbhUte savitRtanaye prakAzavistArake jinendra rAme AtmadhyAne Asakte pare atyutkRSTe mokSe ityarthaH dautya dUtakarmaNi prasarati dhyAnameva mokSAya dUtakarmakRditi bhAvaH dityAH sutAH kAmAdayaH bhayabhaMgurAH bhayabhItA jAtAH vibhISaNakAyataH bhayotpAdakakAyotsargavidhAyakazarIrAt jinendrAt lobhakSobhAt lobhasya tadviSayakajayAzArUpasya kSobhAt AghAtAt jayAzAtyAgAt pratyuta nijaparAjayabhIteH zru tigataH mahAnAdA bhayAdeva mahAzabdakArakA dIrghavirAviNaH raNaviramaNam jinendrato vigrahanivarttanaM nijamagrajamagresaraM devaM dyotanAtmakaM moharAja jaguH nivedyaamaasuH| prastuta padyameM kevalajJAnaprAptike pazcAt jinezvarakA varNana hai / yaha artha kaise sambhava hai, isakA jJAna TIkAke binA nahIM ho sakatA / sumitrAMgajasaMgatyA sadazAnanabhAsuraH / alimukterdAnakAryasAro'bhAllakSmaNAdhipaH / / 6/57 sumitraM suSThu medyati snihyatIti kevalajJAnaM tadevAMgajaM tasya saMgatyA kevalajJAnayogena dazAnanabhAsuraH dazasu dikSu AnanaM mukhamupadezakAle yasya sa dazAnanastena bhAsuraH lakSmaNAdhipaH 302 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha
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________________ lakSma cihnameva lakSmaNaM tat adhipAti svasaMgena ghArayatIti lakSmaNAdhipaH alimukte: ale: surAyAH muktestyAgAt dAnakAryasAraH dAnakAryamupadezanameva sAro yasya sa abhAt / kintu yaha saptasandhAnakA eka pakSa hai / isake kucha aMza aise bhI haiM jo isa bhASAyI jAdUgarIse sarvathA mukta haiM / mAtAoMkI garbhAvasthA, dohada, kumArajanma tathA gaNadharoMke varNanakI bhASA prAJjalatA, lAlitya tathA mAdhuryase otaprota hai / dikkumAriyoMke kAryakalApoMkA nirUpaNa atIva sarala bhASAmeM huA hai / kAzcid bhuvaH zodhanamAdadhAnA jalAni pUryAM vavaSaH sapuSpam / chatraM dadhuH kAzcana cAmareNa taM vIjayanti sma zucismitAsyAH / / 2/21 naveM sargakI saralatA to vedanA-nigraha rasakA kAma detI hai| kAvyake pUrvokta bhAgase jUjhane ke pazcAt naveM sargakI sarala-subodha kavitAko par3hakara pAThakake mastiSkakI tanI huI nasoMko samucita vizrAma milatA hai| suvarNavarNa gajarAjagAminaM pralambabAhaM suvizAlalocanam / narAmarendraiH stutapAdapaMkajaM namAmi bhaktyA vRSabhaM jinottamam // 9/30 prakRti-citraNa-tatkAlIna mahAkAvya-paramparAke anusAra meghavijayane kAvya meM prAkRtika saundaryakA citraNa kiyA hai| tRtIya sarga meM sumerukA tathA saptama sameM chaha paramparAgata RtuoMkA varNana huA hai| ha prakRtivarNana kavike prakRti premakA dyotaka nahIM hai| saptasandhAna jaise citra kAvyameM isakA ekamAtra uddezya mahAkAvya rUr3hiyoMkI khAnApUrti karanA hai| hAsakAlIna kaviyoMkI bhA~ti meghavijayane prakRtivarNanameM apane bhAvadAridrayako chipAne ke lie citrazailIkA Azraya liyA hai / zleSa tathA yamakakI bhittipara AdhArita kavikA prakRtivarNana ekadama nIrasa tathA kRtrima hai| usameM na mArmikatA hai, na srstaa| vaha prauDhokti tathA zleSa evaM yamakakI uchala-kUda taka hai sImita hai / vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki zleSa tathA yamakakI durdamanIya sanakane kavikI pratibhAke paMkha kATa diye haiN| isalie prakRtivarNanameM vaha kevala chaTapaTAkara raha jAtI hai| meghavijayane adhikatara prakRtike svAbhAvika pakSako citrita karane kI ceSTA kI hai, kintu vaha citrakAvyake pAzase mukta hone meM asamartha hai| ataH usakI prakRti zleSa aura yamakake cakavyUhameM phaMsakara adRzyasI ho gayI hai| varSAkAlameM nada-nadiyoMkI garjanAkI tulanA hAthiyoM tathA senAkI garjanA bhale hI na kara sake, yamakakI vikarAla dahAr3ake samakSa vaha svayaM manda par3a jAtI hai| na dAnavAnAM na mahAvahAnAM nadA navAnAM na mahAvahAnAm / na dAnavAnAM na mahAvahAnAM na dAnavAnAM na mahAvahAnAm / / 7/22 zItake samApta ho jAnese vasantameM yAtAyAtakI bAdhAe~ dUra ho jAtI haiM, prakRtipara navayauvana chA jAtA hai, kintu isa raMgIlI RtumeM jAtIpuSpa kahIM dikhAI nahIM detaa| prastuta padya meM kavine vasantake ina upakaraNoMkA aMkana kiyA hai, para vaha zleSakI paratoMmeM isa prakAra daba gayA hai ki sahRdaya pAThaka use khojatAkhojatA jhuMjhalA uThatA hai| phira bhI usake hAtha kucha nahIM AtA / duHzAsanasya purazAsanajanmanaiva saMprApito'dhvaniyamo vighaTotkaTatvAt / anye'bhimanyujayino gurugauravArhAs te kauravA api kRtA hRtacauravAcaH // 7112 saptasandhAnameM kahIM-kahIM prakRtike uddIpana pakSakA bhI citraNa huA hai| prastuta padya meM meruparvatako prAkRtika sampadA tathA devAMganAoMke sumadhura gItoMse kAmodreka karate hue citrita kiyA gayA hai| vividha : 303
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________________ yasminnalaM phalalaladdalazAlizAla-vRndAvanI surajanI rjniishvraasyaa| gItasvaraiH suramaNI ramaNIpraNItaistantanyate tanubhRtAmatanUdayaM sA / / 3 / 3 ina alaMkRti pradhAna varNanoMkI bAr3hameM kahIM-kahIM prakRtikA sahaja sarala citra dekhaneko mila hI jAtA hai / pAvasakI rAtameM kambala or3hakara apane khetakI rakhavAlI karanevAle kisAna tathA varSAke jalase bhIge hue galakambalako hilAnevAlI gAyakA yaha madhura citra svAbhAvikatAse otaprota hai| rajanibahudhAnyoccaiH rakSAvidhau dhRtakambala: sapadi dudhuve vArAMbhArAd gavA galakambalaH / RSiriva parakSetra seve kRSIbalaM puMgavazcapalasabalaM bhItyA jajJe balaM ca palAzajam / / 7 / 29 kumAroMke janmake avasarapara prakRti Adarza rUpa meM prakaTa huI hai| yahA~ vaha svabhAvataH nisarga viruddha AcaraNa karatI hai / kumAroMke dharApara avatIrNa hote hI dizAe~ zAnta ho gayIM, AkAza meM dundubhinAda hone lagA tathA jala aura AkAza turanta nirmala ho gye| zAntAsu sarvAsu dizAsu reNurna reNubAdhAM tu manAg vyadhAsIt / dadhvAna devAdhvani dundubhInAM nAdaH prasAdo nabhaso'mbhaso'bhAt // 2 // 11 vasantake mAdaka vAtAvaraNameM madyapAnakA parityAga karanekA upadeza dete samaya jaina yatikI pavitratAvAdI pravRtti prabala ho uThI hai| kintu usakA yaha upadeza bhI zleSakA paridhAna pahanakara prakaTa hotA hai| sItApahAravidhireSa tavopahAravyAhAranirbhayavihAravinAzanAya / tenAdhunApi madhunAzanatAM jahIhItyAheva rAvaNamiha svadhiyAlijanyam // 78 isa prakAra anya adhikAMza hrAsakAlIna kAvyoMkI bhA~ti saptasandhAnameM prakRti varNanake nAmapara kavike racanAkauzala (alaMkAra prayoga kauzala) kA pradarzana huA hai| prakRtike prati yahA~ vAlmIki athavA kAlidAsa ke-se sahaja anurAgakI kalpanA karanA vyartha hai| saundaya-citraNa-prAkRtika saundaryakI bhA~ti mAnava-saundarya ke citraNameM kavikI vRtti adhika nahIM ramI hai| caritanAyakoMkI mAtAoMke zArIrika lAvaNyakI ora sUkSma saMketa karake hI meghavijayane saMtoSa kara liyA hai| prastuta paMktiyoMmeM mAtAoMke mukhake atizaya saundarya, stanoMkI puSTatA tathA kaTikI kSINatAkA utprekSAke dvArA varNana kiyA gayA hai| saurabhyavittaM jalajaM pradAya candraH kalAkauzalamujjvalatvam / jAne tadAsyAnugamAd vibhUti prAptau kajendU samayaM prapadya // 1 / 63 uccairdazA syAnnu paropakArAd yuktA taduccastanatA stanAMge / satAM na cAtmambharitA kadAcit tanu svamadhyaM tata eva tasyAH // 1171 rasa-yojanA-saptasandhAnameM manorAgoMkA mahAkAvyocita rasAtmaka citraNa nahIM haA hai| citrakAvyameM isake lie adhika sthAna bhI nahIM hai / jaba kavi apanI racanAcAturI pradarzita karane meM hI vyasta ho, to mAnava-manakI sUkSma-gahana kriyAoM-vikriyAoMkA adhyayana evaM unakA vizleSaNa karanekA avakAza use kaise mila sakatA hai ? ataH kAvyameM kisI bhI rasakA aMgIrasake rUpameM paripAka nahIM haA hai| kAvyakI prakRtiko dekhate hue isameM zAntarasakI pradhAnatA mAnI jA sakatI hai, yadyapi jinendroMke dharmopadezoMmeM bhI yaha adhika nahIM ubhara sakA hai / tIrthakarakI prastuta dezanAmeM zAntarasakI halkI-sI chaTA dikhAI detI hai / tyajata manujA rAgaM dvaSaM dhRti dRDhasajjane bhajata satataM dharmaM yasmAdajihmagatAruciH / prakuruta guNAropaM pApaM parAkurutAcirAd matiratitarAM na vyAdheyA paravyasanAdiSu // 5449 304 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha
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________________ tatIya sargameM sumeru-varNanake antargata deva-dampatiyoMke vihAravarNanameM sambhoga zrRMgArakI mArmika avatAraNA huI hai| gopAH sphuranti kusumAyudhacAparopAt kopAdivAmbujadRzaH kRtmaanlopaaH| krIDanti lolanayanAnayanAcca dolAsvAndolanena vibudhAzca sudhAzanena // 34 kAvyameM yadyapi bharatakI digvijaya tathA rAma evaM kRSNake yuddhoMkA varNana hai kintu usameM vIra rasakI saphala abhivyakti nahIM ho sakI hai| kucha padyoMke rAma tathA kRSNa pakSake arthameM vIrarasakA pallavana haA hai| isa dRSTise yaha yuddhacitra darzanIya hai| tatrAptadAnavabalasya balArireSa nyAyAntarAyakaraNaM raNato nivArya / dhAtrIjighRkSu zizupAlakarAkSasAdiduryodhanaM yavanabhUpamapAcakAra // 3 // 30 alaMkAravidhAna-citrakAvya honeke nAte saptasandhAnameM citrazailIke pramukha upakaraNa alaMkAroMkI nirbAdha yojanA huI hai / kintu yaha jJAtavya hai ki kAvyameM alaMkAra bhAvAnubhUtiko tIvra banAne athavA bhAvavyaMjanAko spaSTatA pradAna karane ke liye prayukta nahIM hue haiM / ve svayaM kavike sAdhya haiN| unakI sAdhanAmeM laga kara vaha kAvyake anya dharmoko bhUla jAtA hai jisase prastuta kAvya alaMkRti-pradarzanakA akhAr3A bana gayA hai| meghavijayane apane liye bahata bhayaMkara lakSya nirdhArita kiyA hai| sAta nAyakoMke jIvanavattako ekasAtha nibaddha karaneke liye use paga-pagapara zleSakA A~cala pakar3anA par3A hai / vastutaH zleSa usakI vaisAkhI hai, jisake binA vaha eka paga bhI nahIM cala sakatA / kAvyameM zleSake sabhI rUpoMkA prayoga huA hai| pAMcaveM sargameM zleSAtmaka zailIkA vikaTa rUpa dikhAI detA hai| padyoMko vibhinna arthoMkA dyotaka banAne ke liye yahA~ jisa zleSabhita bhASAkI yojanA kI gayI hai, usase jUjhatA-jUjhatA pAThaka hatAza ho jAtA hai / TIkAkI sahAyatAke binA yaha sarga apaThanIya hai / nimnokta padyake tIna mukhya artha haiM, jinameMse eka pA~ca tIrthaMkaroMpara ghaTita hotA hai, zeSa do rAma tathA kRSNake pakSameM / zrutimupagatA dIvyadrUpA sulakSaNalakSitA surblbhRtaambhodhaavdraupdiiritsdgvii| suraravavazAd bhinnAd dvIpAnnatena samAhRtA haripavanayordharmasyAtrAtmajeSu parAjaye // 5 // 36 yaha anuSTup isase bhI adhika vikaTa hai / kaviko isake cAra artha abhISTa haiN| kumArI vedasAhasrAn sarAjyAn yatkRte dadhat / ikSvAkuvaMzavRSabhaH zaM-ke-valazriyA zritaH // 6 / 59 apane kathyake nibandhanake liye kavine zleSakI bhAMti yamakakA bhI bahuta upayoga kiyA hai| AThavA~ sarga to Adyanta yamakase bharA par3A hai| nagaravarNanakI prastuta paMktiyoMse zlokArdhayamakakI karAlatAkA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| na gauravaM dhyAyati vipramuktaM na gauravaM dhyAyati vipramuktam / - punarnavAcArabhasA navArthA-punarnavAcArabhasA navArthAH // 1 / 52 zabdAlaMkAroMmeM anuprAsakA bhI kAvyameM paryApta prayoga huA hai / yamaka tathA zleSase paripUrNa isa kAvya meM anuprAsakI madhuradhvani rocaka vaividhya upasthita karatI hai| caritanAyakoMke pitAoMkI zAsanavyavasthAke varNanake prasaMgameM anuprAsakA nAdasaundarya mohaka bana par3A hai| sAMkaryakArya pravicArya vArya virodhamutsArya samarttavaste / sAmAnyamAdhAya samAdhisArAdhikAramIyurbhuvi nirvikArAH // 2 // 6 vividha : 305
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________________ antyAnuprAsameM yaha anuraNanAtmaka dhvani carama sImAko pahu~ca jAtI hai| zabdAlaMkAroMke atirikta kAvyameM prAyaH sabhI mukhya arthAlaMkAra prayukta hue haiN| kumAravarNanake prastuta padyameM aprastuta vaTavRkSakI prakRtise prastuta kumArake guNoMke vyaMgya honese aprastuta prazaMsA hai| namrIbhavet saviTapo'pi vaTo jananyAM bhUmau latAparivRto nibhRtaH phalAdyaiH / kau-lInatAmupanatAM nigadatyayaM kiM samyaggurovinaya eva mahattvahetuH // 3 / 19 aprastuta Arogya, bhAgya tathA abhyudayakA yahA~ eka 'AvirbhAva' dharmase sambandha hai| ataH tulyayogitA alaMkAra hai| Arogya-bhAgyAbhyudayA janAnAM prAdurbabhUvurvigatai janAnAm / veSAvizeSAnmuditAnanAnAM praphullabhAvAd bhuvi kAnanAnAm / / 2 / 13 vasantavarNanakI nimnalikhita paMktiyoMmeM prastuta candramA tathA aprastuta rAjAkA eka samAnadharmase saMbaMdha honeke kAraNa dIpaka hai| vyarthA sapakSarucirambujasandhibandhe rAjJo na darzanamihAstagatizca mitre / kiM kiM karoti na madhuvyasanaM ca daivAdasmAd vicArya kuru sajjana tannivRttim // 79 prastuta padyameM atizayoktikI avatAraNA huI hai, kyoMki jinendroMkI kIttiko yahA~ rUpavatI devAMganAoMse bhI adhika manorama batAyA gayA hai / manoramA vA ratimAlikA vA rambhApi sA rUpavatI priyA syAt / na sutyajA syAd vanamAlikApikItivibhoryatra surainipeyA // 9 // 6 durjananindAke isa padyameM ApAtataH durjanakI stuti kI gayI hai, kintu vAstava meM, isa vAcya stutise nindA vyaMgya hai / ataH yahA~ vyAjastuti hai / mukhena doSAkaravat samAnaH sadA-sadambhaH-savane sazaucaH / kAvyeSu sadbhAvanayAnamUDhaH kiM vandyate sajjanavanna nIcaH // 1 / 5 isa samAsoktimeM prastuta agnipara aprastuta krodhI vyaktike vyavahArakA Aropa kiyA gayA hai / tejo vahanasahano dahanaH svajanmahetUn dadAha tRNapuJjanikuJjamukhyAn / lebhe phalaM tvavikalaM tadayaM kunIte smAvazeSatanureSa tataH kRzAnuH // 3 / 20 kAvyameM prayukta anya alaMkAroMmeMse kuchake udAharaNa yahA~ diye jA rahe haiM / arthAntaranyAsa-kvacana vijane tasyau svasyo rarakSa na rakSakam / na khalu parato rakSApekSA prabhau hariNAzrite / / 5 / 9 virodhAbhAsa--ye kAmarUpA api no virUpAH kRtApakAre'pi na tApakArAH / sArasvatA naiva vikarNikAste kAstejasAM no kalayanti rAjIH / / 1138 parisaMkhyA-jajJa karavyatikaraH kila bhAskarAdau daNDagrahAgrahadazA navamaskarAdau / naipuNyamiSTajanamAnasataskarAdau chedaH susUtradharaNAt tadayaskarAdau / / 3 / 41 udAtta-pAtrANyamA nanRtuH pade pade samunnanAdAnakadundubhirmude / ghanAghanasya bhramato vadAvade mayUravarge naTanAnnisargataH // 28 arthApatti-prItyA viziSTA nagareSu ziSTAH kArAvikArA na kRtAdhikArAH / bAdhA na cAdhAnnarake'suro'pi paro'pi nAropitavAn prakopam / / 2 / 14 vizeSokti-jAte vivAhasamaye na manAgmano'nta lIno malInaviSayeSu mahAkulInaH // 3 // 37 306 : agaracanda nAhaTA abhinandana-grantha
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________________ chaMda meghavijayane chandoM ke vidhAnameM zAstrIya niyamakA yathAvat pAlana kiyA hai| prathama sarga upajAtimeM nibaddha hai| sargake antameM mAlinI tathA sragdharAkA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya sargameM indravajAkI pradhAnatA hai / sargAntake padya zikhariNI, mAlinI, upendravajrA, upajAti tathA zArdUlavikrIDitameM haiN| tRtIya tathA vikrIDita prayakta hae haiN| pAMcaveM tathA chaThe sargakA makhya chanda kramazaH hariNI tathA anuSTapa hai| pAMcaveM sargakA antima padya sragdharAmeM nibaddha hai| chaThe sargake antima padyoMkI racanA vasantatilakA tathA zArdUlavikrIDitameM huI hai / sAtaveM sargameM jo chaha chanda prayukta hue haiM, unake nAma isa prakAra hai-hariNI, zArdUlavikrIDita, vasantatilakA, indravajrA, svAgatA tathA zikhariNI / antima do sargoMke praNayanameM kramazaH drutavilambita tathA upajAtiko apanAyA gayA hai| inake antameM zArdUlavikrIDita, vaMzastha tathA sragdharA chanda prayukta hue haiM / kula milAkara saptasandhAnameM teraha chandoMkA upayoga kiyA gayA hai / inameM upajAtikA prAdhAnya hai| upasaMhAra--meghavijayakI kavitA, unakI paricArikAkI bhA~ti gUr3ha samasyAe~ lekara upasthita hotI hai (217) / una samasyAoMkA samAdhAna karanekI kavimeM apUrva kSamatA hai| isake liye kavine bhASAkA jo nirmama utpIDana kiyA hai, vaha usake pANDityako vyakta avazya karatA hai, kintu kavitAke nAma para pAThakako bauddhika vyAyAma karAnA, usakA bhASA tathA svayaM kavitAke prati akSamya aparAdha hai| apane kAvyakI samIkSA kI kavine pAThakase jo AkAMkSA kI hai, usake pUrtimeM usakI dUrArUr3ha zailI sabase bar3I bAdhA hai / para yaha smaraNIya hai ki saptasandhAnake praNetAkA uddezya citrakAvya-racanAmeM apanI kSamatAkA pradarzana karanA hai, sarasa kavitAke dvArA pAThakakA manoraMjana karanA nhiiN| kAvyako isa mAnadaNDase AMkanepara jJAta hogA ki vaha apane lakSyameM pUrNataH saphala huA hai| bANake gadyakI mImAMsA karate hue bebarane jo zabda kahe the, ve saptasandhAnapara bhI akSarazaH lAgU hote haiN| sacamuca saptasandhAna mahAkAvya eka bIhar3a vana hai, jisameM pAThakako apane dhairya, zrama tathA vidvattAkI kulhAr3Ise jhAr3a-jhaMkhAr3oMko kATakara apanA rAstA svayaM banAnA par3atA hai| 1. kAvyekSaNAdvaH kRpayA payovad bhAvAH svabhAvAtsarasAH syuH| 1 / 15 vividha: 307