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________________ bhAratIya saMskRti ke pratIkoM meM kamala aura azva zrImatI sudhA agravAla, vArANasI, (u0 pra0) kamala nirmANa-zakti racanAkA pratIka hai| pRthvIko prArambhika kalpanAmeM pRthvIko caturdala kamala athavA cArapaMkhur3I vAlA kamala mAnA gayA hai| kamalake bIca kaNikA yA bIja rUpameM sumeru parvatakI sthiti hai| aisA mAnate haiM ki yahA~ vizvakI aneka vastuoM aura bhAvoMke bIjoMkA janma hotA hai, isaliye ise vizvabIja mAtRkA bhI kahate haiN| kalAke atirikta, bhAratIya dharma aura darzanoMmeM bhI pratIka rUpameM kamalakA jyAdA mahattva hai| yaha athAha jaloMke Upara tairate huye prANa yA jIvanakA cinha hai| sUryako kiraNeM hI kamalako jagAtI haiM / RgvedameM sUryako brahmakA pratIka kahA gayA hai| (brahma sUryasamaM jyotiH R0 2348) sUrya prANakA vaha rUpa hai jo bhUtoMmeM samaSTigata prANa yA jIvana kA AvAhana karatA hai| yaha viSNukI nAbhise utpanna honevAle baloMkA pratIka thA jinase prANakA saMvardhana hotA hai| isI nAbhise utpanna kamala para sRSTikartA brahmAkA vikAsa huA hai (brahma ha vai brahmANaM puSkare sasRSa, gopatha brA0, 111 / 16) / kamalake patte yA puraina belako sRSTikI yoni yA garbhAdhAnakI zakti kahA gayA hai| (yoni puSkaraM parNam, za0 brA0 6 / 4 / 17) / kahIM kamata virAT manakA pratIka hai to kahIM vyaSTigata prANa shktikaa| bhAgavatameM sRSTikA janma kamalase mAnA gayA hai aura saMsArako bhU-padmakoSa kahA gayA hai| bhAgavata do prakArakI sRSTi mAnate haiM-eka padmajA aura dUsarI annddjaa| padmajA jaisA ki nAmase hI spaSTa hai, kSIrazAyI viSNukI nAbhise hotI hai jabaki aNDajA saSTi hirnnygrbhse| hiraNyagarbhakI mAnyatA vaidika hai aura padmakI mAnyatA bhAgavata / vedake anusAra pathvI para agni aura dhulokameM Aditya-ye do bar3e puSkara haiN| hariNyagarbhakI sRSTi agni para aura padmajAkI saSTi jaloM para nirbhara hai| hiraNyagarbha agni aura somake pratIka the| pUrNaghaTameM aNDajA aura padmajA-donoM kalpanAoMkA samanvaya hai| mAtRkukSise utpanna honevAle zizukA pratIka kamala thaa| utpala, puNDarIka, kalhAra, zatapatra, sahasrapatra, puSpaka, padmaka ityAdi nAmoMse kamalakA ullekha hotA hai kamalako sUrajamukhIke phulle bhI kahate haiN| rUpakakI bhASAmeM sArI jalarAziko strI-zarIra aura kamala yonivat mAnA gayA hai| zAstrIya AdhAra para bhI, yonistha jarAyukA AkAra kamala puSpakI taraha mAnA gayA hai / puSpavatI honekA AdhAra yahI kamala hai| kamala-kuliza sAdhanA bhI kamalake sRSTidvAra honekA poSaka hai| strItva aura sRSTikI bhAvanAke kAraNa hI paurANika kalpanAmeM ise devIkA saMsarga prApta haa| vedoMmeM devI upAsanA nahIMke barAbara haiN| phira bhI, agnikA utpattisthAna kamala hI hai| isIkA vikAsa bAdameM padmA devIke rUpameM haa| yadyapi RgvedameM kisI bhI devIkI ArAdhanA nahIM hai, phira bhI usake sampUrNa rUpameM sarvaprathama isakA ullekha hai| devIke do nAma haiM-zrI aura lkssmii| rAjagaNa dharmapatnIke atirikta rAjalakSmIse pariNatI mAne jAte the| padmAdevI vibhinna saMjJAoMse jAnI jAtI thI jaise padmasambhavA, padmavarNI, padmaaruNa, padmAkSI, padminI, padmAlinI aura puSkariNI ityAdi / ataH lakSmIkI rUpakalpanAkA AdhAra kamala hI hotA hai| inhIM -312 -
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________________ saMjJAoMke sAtha inheM viSNupatnI aura harivallabhA bhI kahA gayA hai| kamalase utpanna kamalA viSNakI zakti honeke kAraNa vaiSNava kalA aura vaiSNava kalpanAkI zakti bana gyii| viSNuke cAra AyudhoMmeM honeke kAraNa viSNake aMkanake sAtha meM kamala sarvatra aMkita haA hai| kamalapriya padmapriyA devIkI mUrtiyA~ (I0 pU0 dUsarI zatIke) sA~cI aura bharahutake dvAroM aura chatoMmeM khudI huI haiM / bharahutakI pandrahavIM AkRti gajatakSmI hai| jisake caraNa aneka-dala kamala para haiN| isI kamala nAlake pAsase do bhArI sI nAle idhara-udhara gaI haiM jo punaH do bhAgoMmeM ba~Ta gayI haiN| donoM ora do kamala garbha para do hAthI khar3e haiM aura eka-eka kamalakA pattA banA hai| yaha golAkAra kRti hai aura golAkRtiko cAra kamala ghere huye hai| akhila rUpakI hI eka anya RcAmeM isa padmAke mUla zrIlakSmIko 'prajAno bhavasi mAtA' aura 'kSamA' kahA gayA hai| kSamA pRthvI hai aura pRthvI hiraNyagarbhA / kamalako bhI hiraNyagarbha mAnA gayA hai| basAr3hase prApta eka mUtti meM vikasita-avikasita kaI prakArake kamala haiM parantu pratibhAoMke para lage haiM / sAdhAraNatayA mesIpoTAmiyAkI mUttiyA~ pakSavatI hotI haiM jabaki bhAratake liye yaha navIna bAta hai / mohena jo-dar3o aura bauddha kalAmeM kamala mohena jo-dar3okI sabhyatAke prApta pratIkoMmeM se zaiva upAsanAkA dyotaka liMga pramukha haiN| zivakI pUraka pArvatI rUpameM vahA~ kamaladhAriNI devIkI mUrti pAI jAtI hai| aitihAsikakI dRSTise yaha Rgvedake pahalekI hai| mUttike uroja unnata haiM jisase mAtatvakA bodha hotA hai isI kAraNa ise jagat jananI kahA gayA hai / yaha prAptakRti sabase prAcIna hai jisameM kamalakA upayoga huA hai| niHsandeha rUpase isa bAtakI svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ki mAtRtva aura kamalakA sambandha atyadhika prAcIna hai| yahI bhAvanA bAdameM brahma aura lakSmIse sambaddha dekhI jAtI hai jisake sAtha bhI pratIka rUpameM kamala aura sRSTiIkA bhAva sannihita hai| bauddhakalAmeM bhI sarvatra kamalase yukta devI dRSTigocara hotI hai| kabhI-kabhI pratIka rUpameM kamala dvArA hI usakI sattA vyakta kI gayI hai| pramukhataH devIkI saMjJAyeM haiM-madmahastA aura pdmraaginnii| mahAyAna bauddhadharma meM 'padmapANi' bodhisatva haiM jinhoMne buddhoM kI sahAyatA kii| navIM zatAbdIkI nepAlase prApta eka pratimAke hAthameM kamala hai aura yaha varada mudrAmeM hai| mRNAla uMgaliyoMmeM ulajhane ke bAda bhI kuhanI para Akara TUTa gayA hai| yahA~para kamala bodhisatvakI snigdha-zAnta manovRtti, asIma dayA, alaukika devatva aura pavitra devI saundaryake pratIka svarUpa hai| bhAratIya bauddha parampArAmeM uttara madhyakAlIna padmapANi yA avalokitezvarakI mUrtikI pIThikA bhI kamalayakta hai| sambhavataH vaiSNava prabhAvase hI prabhAvita hokara zilpiyoMne bauddha pratimAoMmeM kamalako pIThikA rUpameM taiyAra kiyA ho / mahAyAna bauddhadharmakI sarvazreSTha devI prajJA pAramitAkI eka pratimAmeM, jo 13 vIM zatIkI hai tathA jAvAse prApta huI hai, pIThikA kamalakI banI hai / yaha devI buddhoM aura bodhisatvoMkI mUla zakti hai| bAdakI kalAmeM kamala kaI rUpoMmeM aMkita huaa| gomUtrikAoM (beloM) meM kamalakA prayoga bahutAyatase hotA thaa| jahA~ kahIM bhI alaMkaraNakI AvazyakatA hotI thI aura suvidhA hotI thI, vahA~ kamala kisI-narUpameM jarUra aMkita kiyA jAtA thaa| prAcIna kAlameM striyoMke zrRMgArakA pradhAna puSpa kamala thA jo haste se prakaTa hai / ajantAke citroMmeM to kamalakI itanI bahalatA hai ki citrakArako citrakArI karate samaya basa eka hI paMkti 'nava kaMja locana kaMja makhakara kaMja pada kaMjAruNam' yAda A rahI thii| vaise bhI, bhAratIya kavi, citrakAra, sAhityakAra Adine kamalakI komalatA aura sundaratAkA mukhya AdhAra mAnA
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________________ hai| azoka stambhakI lATako kamala paMkhur3iyoMse hI akRta kiyA gayA hai| gAMdhAra zailImeM bhI kamalakI gomUtrikAyeM (beleM) vidyamAna haiN| kahIM-kahIM vikasita kamalake andara mAnavIya AkRtiyA~ aMkita milatI haiN| eka mUrtimeM zeSazAyI viSNuke pairake pAsa AdhAra rUpameM kamala aMkita hai| haMsake sAtha kamala to bahuta hI jyAdA sahaja sulabha hai| damayantIne kamala patra para pAtI likhakara haMsa dvArA nalake pAsa bhejI thii| bharahata aura sA~cIke rilIphoMmeM hAthI mAyAdevIke garbha meM hai aura usake mukhase Ter3hI-mer3hI kamalakI bela nikalI hai / yaha muNDeroM aura caukhaToMke kinAre-kinAre phailI huI hai aura usapara aneka tamage, janmakathAe~ tathA phaloMkI sajAvaTa hai| anekAneka pattiyoM, kaliyoM, vibhinna vikasita puSpoM tathA bIca-bIcameM battakhoMvAle kamalake paudhoMkA atyadhika phailAva bharahuta, sA~cI, udayagiri aura amarAvatI-hara jagaha pAyA jAtA hai| Adhikyake sAtha komalatA tathA capalatAke sAtha gAMbhIryakA sammizraNa yUropIya nArIkI yAda dilAtA hai / sA~cIke pUrvI toraNake bA~yeM khambhe para kamalake paudhoMke pakane takakI avasthAoMkA bahuta hI sundara citraNa hai| ____ kamalake phUlate hue paudhekA layAtmaka DhaMgase jhUmanA bhAratameM jIvanakI apekSA layakA pratIka hai / sA~cIke pazcimI dvAra para kamalako belake ghane patoMke madhya vanya pazaoMkI prakRti sandaratama hai| kamala-latA paudhA-pratIkoMmeM sabase adhika pracalita aura prabhAvazAlI hai| yaha kamala-latA manthara, abAdha aura pracura bhAratIya vanaspati jIvanakA pratIka hai| bhAratIya saMskRtimeM kamalakI svAbhAvika pracaratA kA eka ga bhIra artha hai / saMyuktanikAyameM likhA hai, "he bandhu, jaise kamala pAnImeM ugatA hai, pAnImeM hI phalatA hai, pAnIkI satahase Upara uThatA hai aura phira bhI pAnIkI satahase nahIM bhIgatA, vaise hI he bandhu, tathAgata saMsArameM janme isa saMsArameM bar3he, isI saMsArameM Upara uThe aura phira bhI isa saMsArase aprabhAvita rhe|" bauddha kalpanAmeM brahmANDa hai buddhake anekAneka janma aura amartya ruup| ye kamalake paudheke DaMThaloM aura phUloMke samAna sundara aura zAzvata haiM tathA sAMsArika rAga, dveSa aura mohake kIcar3a aura gandagIse ugate haiN| saMsAra aura nirvANa, acchAI aura burAI, sukha aura duHkhake cakra yathArthakI kSaNika bUMdeM athavA uphAna haiM / jIvana yathArtha aura jJAta sImAoMse pare eka parNatAkI ora sadaiva gatizIla hai| svargika sapheda hAthI. jisake mukhase kamalakI bela nikalatI hai, yaha dhIre-thIre binA ruke layAtmaka DhaMgase pracuratAkI sRSTi karatI hai, nirvANa kI zAntikA nahIM, varan jIvanakI abAdhita harSotphulla asIma AkAMkSA pratIka hai| prakRtikI vyavasthAmeM AtmAbhivyakti aura AtmaparAtparatAke bodhisattvakA pratIka hai| ajantAke citroMmeM jo bodhisattva hAthameM nIlakamala liye hae / , saMjamake kendrameM avasthita hai| yahA~ sirakA tanika bhavya jhukAva, gatike lie tanika spandita zAnta mudrA tathA hAthakI utkRSTa bhaMgimA saMsArake prati bodhisatvakI pragAr3ha karuNAke pratIka hai| bodhisatva padmapANi mAnavake zArIrika saundaryakA hI nahIM, varan AdhyAtmika aura amUrta saundaryakA uttama namUnA hai| kamalakI caukiyoM para khar3I kucha buddha kI pratimAe~ amarAvatI, mathurA aura gAMdhAra-tInoM sthAnoM para milatI hai| sUryakI kucheka khar3I mUrtiyoMmeM dhurIkI jagaha kamalane le lI / guptakAlake bAda do kamaloMse yukta mUrti bhI pUjya va mAnya huii| rAnIgupphA aura gaNezagupphAke zilpakAroMko kamalake phulloMse vizeSa ruci thI, ataH vedikA tathA zobhApaTTImeM unakIruci pradarzita huI haiN| khaNDagirI pahAr3I para ananta guphAmeM kapizIrSaka yA paMcapaTTikAke bIcameM trikoNAkRtikA eka sundara kamala puSpa aMkita hai jisakI belameM vedikA, punaH kamala, phira vedikA isa prakArakA krama hai / inameM -314 -
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________________ kucha aise bhI stambha haiM jinake sire para auMdhe rakhe haye kamaloMke laharAte patte vesanagarake stambha-zIrSake sadRza hI haiM / eka ardhastambha para bAraha haMsa zreNIbaddha haiM, jinakI coMcameM kamala puSpa hai| haMsa ur3ate hue dikhAe~ gaye haiN| kamaloM para khar3I zrI lakSmIko mati hai| devIke donoM ora uThate haye kamaloM para do hAthI devIke abhiSekake liye udyata darzAe gaye haiN| nAsikakI guphAmeM gotamI putra bihArake stambhake atyadhika sundara dikhanekA kAraNa hai usakA padAvara vedikAmeM AveSTita honaa| vedikAke khambhoM aura sUciyoM para kamalakI sajAvaTa mathurAke kaMkAlI TIlese prApta padmavara vedikAke sadaza hI hai| lakhanaUke rAjya saMgrahAlayameM jaina AyAgapaTTa para madhyameM sarpaphaNI pArzvanAtha pratimAke donoM ora vyakti hAtha jor3akara khar3e haiN| bAhara golAImeM aMgUra, tathA kamalake belakI sajAvaTa hai| yaha pratimA kuSANa kAlakI prathama zatAbdIkI hai| isI saMgrahAlayameM lagabhaga 10 vIM zatAbdIkI uraI (jAlona) se prApta padmAsanameM dhyA stha tIrthakarake donoM ora kaMdhoM para bAla haiN| pratimA kamalAsana para hai| saMbhavataH pratimA RSabhanAthakI hai| 9vIM zatAbdIkI sarvatobhadra tIrthaMkara pratimAmeM tIna aura anya tIrthaMkara tathA eka ora RSabhanAthakI digambara pratimA hai| yaha eka ora kamala aura dUsarI ora aMgurakI velase suzobhita hai / eka anya vedikA stambha para nIce kamala tathA usake Upara vela hai| yahI para guptakAlakA latA, kamala tathA maNibandha Adise alaMkRta stambha bhI hai|| upaniSadoMke anusAra kamala sampUrNa utpattiyoMse bhI pUrvavartI hai| vidyAkI devI sarasvatI' kI stuti padmAsane saMsthitAke uccAraNoMse kI jAtI hai| aitareya brAhmaNameM azvinI kumAroMkI nIlavarNakA kamalahAra pahane batAyA gayA hai| bhAratakA rASTrIyapuSpa kamala bhAvagatakI prAcInatama saMskRtise sambandhita hai| azva-bhAratIya saMskRtimeM kamala sadana azvakA bhI atyadhika jikra huA hai| kahIM kalA rUpameM, kahIM yajJa ke lie, to kahIM sikkoM para azvAMkana hai| prAga aitihAsika kAlake nava pASANa yugake citrameM yuddharata yoddhA ghur3asavAra haiN| lakhaniyA~ darI (mirjApura kSetra) meM ghar3asavAroMkA citrAMkana hai| isIprakAra bA~dA jileke mAnikapura sthAnake citroMmeM bhI ghur3asavAra citrita haiN| siMdhake kinAre mandorI, gedAba aura ghar3iyAlA nAmaka sthAnoMmeM caTTAnoM para yuddharata sazastra yoddhA ghor3e, U~Ta aura hAthiyoM para haiM / ___ anumAna hai ki sindhughATIke loga ghor3ese paricita nahIM the| mohana jodar3okI UparI satahase prApta eka bhor3I mUrtimeM ghor3ekA namUnA hai kintu yaha pahacAna sandehajanaka hai| rAjA yA gRhasvAmI gAya aura ghor3oMko rakhaneke liye sthAna banavAte the, aisA atharvavedameM varNana AtA hai ( gobhyo azvebhyo namo yacchAlayAM vijAyate, atharvaveda, 89 / 3 / 3) / mahAjanapada kAlameM mahaloMke pichavAr3e hI azvazAlA athavA rAjavallabha turaMgoMko maMdurA bhI thii| jainiyoMke ardhamAgadhI Agama sAhitya ( jo pAlI . sAhityake samayakA hai ) meM hayasaMghAr3ake banAye jAnekA varNana hai| sindhu sabhyatA aura zRgvedameM varNita pazu hAthI, siMha aura vRSabhake sAtha kahIM-kahIM turaMga bhI haiN| caturtIpI bhUgolakI prArambhika kalpanAmeM pRthvIko caturdala kamala mAnA gyaa| isake madhya bIja rUpameM sumeruparvata thA / sumeruparvatake pUrva meM bhadrAzva, dakSiNameM bhArata, pazcimameM ketumAla aura uttara dizAmeM uttara kuru dvIpa thA / bhadrAzvakA artha hai-kalyANakArI azva / yaha usa zveta varNake azvakI yAda dilAtA hai jo cIna dezameM pUjanIya bhI thA, sAtha hI ise puNya cihna bhI mAnA gyaa| cIna dezakI aneka sabhya jAtiyA~ bhadrAzva yA zveta azvako apanA mAMgalika cihna mAnatI thiiN| vahA~kI kalAmeM yaha cihna sabase mahattvapUrNa hai| isI kAraNa cInakA nAma purANoMmeM bhadrAzva ho gayA / - 315 -
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________________ bauddha paramparAmeM isa prakArake azvako balAhaka kahA gayA / bodhisatva bhI eka bAra balaharasa ( vaklabhAzva ) kI yonimeM janme the aura usa rUpameM unhoMne mRtyuke andhakUpameM par3e huye 500 bAnaroMkA uddhAra kiyA thA / yaha kathA balaharasa jAtaka meM dI huI hai| sAtha hI, mathurAkI eka vedikAke stambhapara isakA citraNa bhI hai / prAcIna bhAratIya kalA meM IhAmRga yA bahuvidha AkRtivAle rUpoMkI kalpanA kI gaI jisameM siMhavyAla, gajavyAlake sAtha hI azvavyAla bhI thA / inameM bhinna mastakake bhinna zarIrakA jor3a baiThAyA jAtA thA / madhyakAlIna zilpagranthoMmeM unakI saMkhyA 16 kahI gayI hai / pratyekako 16 mudrAoMmeM aMkita kiyA gayA hai / isa prakAra vyAlarUpoMkI saMkhyA 256 taka pahu~cI ( aparAjita pRcchA 233/4/6 iti SoDaza vyAlAni uktAni mukhabhedata: ) / catura zilpI aura dantya lekhaka isakI sundaratAko bar3hAte huye apanI pratibhAko bhI darzAte the / prAcIna kapizA ( begrAma ) se prApta danta phalakoMpara ina vyAloMkA saTIka citraNa huA hai jo kuSANa kAlIna gandhAra kalAmeM lokapriya thA / bharahuta, sAMcI aura mathurAkI kalAmeM IhAmRga pazuoMko sajAvaTa hai / adhikatara zakalogoMko aise rUpoMse vizeSa ruci thI / isIse milate-julate alaMkaraNoMko vRSabhamaccha, haritamaccha ityAdike sAtha hI azvamaccha rUpameM mathurAkI vedikAke phulloMmeM dikhAyA gayA hai / bhAratIya purANoMkI sAkSIke anusAra, ye saba rudrake prathama gaNa haiM jinake mukha aura aMga aneka rUpoMmeM vikRta haiM / pratyeka manuSyake ceharepara narAkRti hai. kintu usake pIche apane-apane svabhAvake anusAra pazu-pakSiyoMke chipe huye cehare samajhanA cAhiye / jisakA jaisA svabhAva usakA vaisA mukhar3A, yahI ina bhedoMkA sUtra hai / isa kalpanAkA mUla Rgveda meM pAyA jAtA hai / ddha sAhitya meM azvamukhI yakSIkA ullekha AyA hai ( padakusala mAgava jAtaka ) / sAranAthake siMha stambha,, siMha saMghATake sadRzakI kArleke caityaghara meM stambha zIrSakoMpara hayasaMghATa utkIrNa hai ( pITha saTAkara baiThe huye pazuoM ko saMghATa kahate haiM ) / vaidika abhiprAyameM prathama cAra azvoMke ratha para sUryako ArUr3ha dikhAyA gayA hai / pIche azvoMkI saMkhyA sAta taka ho gayI / bodhagayA vedikA para caturazva yojita rathapara baiThe hue sUryakA citraNa hai | bhAjA guphA meM dvitIya zatI pUrvakI eka mUrti caturazvayojita rathameM baiThI huI hai / mathurAkI kuSANa kalAmeM sUryake rathameM do yA cAra azva dikhAye gaye haiM / yahI paramparA gAMdhAra aura sAsAnI kalAmeM milatI hai| kAbula ke samIpa khorakhAnAse prApta saMgamaramarakI sUrya mUrtike rathameM cAra ghor3e jute haiM / guptakAla se lekara madhyakAlake sUrya ke rathoMmeM sAta ghor3e pAye jAte haiM / zaizunAga- nanda yuga (chaThI za0 I0 pU0 se cauthI za0 I0 pU0 ) kI kalAmeM rAjaghATase prApta cakiyA meM (jo aba lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya meM hai ) mAtRdevIke bAIM aurakA pazu azva hai| paTanAse prApta cakiyA para tIna samAna kendrita vRtta haiM / isake dUsare vRttameM 12 pazuoMmeM azva bhI aMkita hai / murtajIgaMjakI cakiyApara bhI azvakA citrAMkana hai / ye cakiyA mAtRpUjA ke liye pratIkAtmaka cihna yA mantra the / mauryakAlake ( 325-184 I0 pU0 ) lumbinI udyAna vartamAna rumbini deI ) ke stambhapara azva zIrSaka thA / yuvAGa cAke anusAra, yaha bijalI giranese bIcameM TUTa gayA thA / yahA~ bhagavAna buddha zAkya munikA janma huA thA ( hide budhe jAte zakyamuni ti ) / stambha zIrSakoMpara cAra mahA AjAneya pazuoMkI mUrtiyA~ pAyI jAtI haiM / cAra pazu azva, siMha, vRSabha aura hAthI haiM / ina cAra pazuoMkI paramparA sindhughATIkI prAcInatAko chUtI huI 19vIM zatAbdI taka AtI hai / isakA dezagata vistAra bhAratase lekara laMkA, zyAma varmA aura tibbata taka milatA hai / bauddha - 316 - -
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________________ stambhoMke alaMkAraNoMmeM inakA bahulatAse prayoga hai aura mahAvaMzameM inheM catuSpada paMkti kahA gayA hai / stUpakI candrazilAoMpara, anurAdhApurake guptakAlIna stUpoMkI candrazilAoMpara, 18vIM zatIke rAjasthAnI citrameM ( jo isa samaya dillI saMgrahAlayameM hai ) aura 19vIM zatIke baMgAlase prApta eka kanthe ( isa vakta bhArata kalA bhavanameM ) Adipara isa catuSpada paMktikA sundara aMkana hai / kahate haiM, jahA~ na pahu~ce ravi, vahA~ pahu~ce kavi / ataH bauddha kalpanAmeM ye cAra pazu anavatapta sarovaroMke cAra dvAroMke rakSaka haiM jahA~se cAra mahAnadiyoMkA udgama hai| vAlmIki rAmAyaNameM inheM rAmake abhiSekake liye ekatra mAMgalika dravyoMmeM ginA jAtA hai| kezavadAsane (17vIM zatI ) rAmake rAjaprasAdake cAra dvAroM para inakA ullekha kiyA hai / DA. vAsudevazaraNa agravAlane apanI pustaka cakradhvaja meM lagabhaga pacAsa avataraNa aura ullekha diye haiN| Apake cintanake anusAra loka bhAvanAmeM ina cAroM pazuoMko pavitra samajhA jAtA thA aura inake pIche jaina, bauddha aura brAhmaNa-ina tInoM mahAna dharmoMkI mAnyatAkA bhI bala thA / zuMgakAlIna ( 184-72 I0 pU0 ) bharahuta stUpakI toraNavedikApara azvaratha aMkita hai / isa kAla meM pazuoMkI AkRtiyA~ do prakArakI prApta huI haiM eka svAbhAvika aura dUsarI kalpita jaise, AkAzacArI azva arthAt sapakSa azva / ur3IsAkI khaNDagirI-udayagirIkI guphAyeM bhI isI kAlakI haiN| inameM rAnIgaphAkI zobhApaTTIme utkIrNa sAta citra rAjendralAla mitra kRta ur3IsAke prAcIna avazeSa, khaNDa 2 nAmaka granthameM prakAzita kiye gaye haiM / ina citroMmeM dRzya cArameM paTTake pahale bhAgameM tIna vyakti, eka azva, use thAme hue eka sUta hai / rAjAkI mRgayAkA dRzya-duSyanta-zakuntalA kathAkA dRzya isa rocaka dRzyakA sArA rUpaka rAjA duSyantakA RSi kaNvake AzramameM Agamana, zakuntalAko dekha usapara mohita honA hai / gaNeza guTakAmeM paryANa aura AbhUSaNoMse suzobhita ghoDekA dRzya bhI aMkita hai| maJcapur3I guphAmeM toraNapara alapha mudrAmeM azvArohI mattiyA~ utkIrNa hai| isIkI anukRtipara Age calakara vyAlatoraNakI muttiyA~ banane lagI jisakA udAharaNa sAranAthameM milatA hai| ananta guphAmeM sUryakI eka viziSTa mUtti hai jo apanI do patniyoMke sAtha cAra ghoDoMke rathapara ArUr3ha hai| zugakAlake Arambhika kAla (lagabhaga dUsarI za0 I0 pU0) kA kendra bhAjA bnaa| bhAjAke bihArake mukhamaNDapake pUrvI chorake pravezadvArake donoM orakI mUttiyoMmeM eka ora bAIM tarapha eka rAjA cAra ghor3oMke ratha para savAra hai| pIche ca~vara aura chatra liye do anucara striyA~ bhI haiN| pItalakhorAkI guphA naM0 4 meM dAhinI ora hAthIke barAbara eka azvArohIkI kAya parimANa mUrti para dAnadAtAkA nAma khudA hai| yaha dUsarI zatAbdIkI mAlUma par3atI hai / beDasAkI guphAoMke stambhoM para hayasaMghATakI mUrtiyA~ haiM / pellarUnadIke taTa para sthita jaggayapeTake mahAstUpake eka pAdukApaTTa para susajjita azvakI AkRti utkIrNa hai| zaka sAtavAhana (prathama, dvitIya zatI) kAlake haidarAbAdako koNDApurase prApta khilaunoMmeM azva bhI hai jo kyolina nAmaka sapheda miTTIkA banA hai / pahAr3apurake phalakoM para baMgAlake pazu-pakSI aura vRkSa-vanaspatiyoMkA ghaniSTa aMkana hai| unameM hAthI ghor3A, campaka aura kadamba ityAdi haiN| mahAsthAna (jilA bogarA) se bhI kucha phalaka prApta huye haiM jo uttara guptakAlIna kAlake namUne haiM / eka miTTIke pAtra para cAra ghor3oMke ratha para baiThA kti tIra-dhanuSase mRga jhuNDa para vANa barasA rahA hai / 16vIM-satrahavIM zatAbdImeM purtagAlI sipAhI baMgAlake bhItarI gA~vameM jAne lge| sthAnIya kumhAroMne - 317 -
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________________ unakI AkRtiyoMko khilaunoMmeM utaaraa| jaisorase prApta eka phalaka para purtagAlI sipAhI ghor3epara savAra hai| usake vAyeM hAthameM ghor3ekI rAsa aura dAhinemeM cAbuka hai| prAcIna mAMgalika pratIka mUttiyoMkI rUpa kalpanAmeM azva bhI svIkRta thaa| __ azvamedhakI paramparA isa dezameM ati prAcIna hai aitihAsika kAlameM bhI puSpamitra zuGga, samudragupta, kumAragupta Adine azvamedha kiye / samadragaptake azvamedha-yajJakI pratikRti bhI mila gayI haiM jo lakhanaUke saMgrahAlayameM rakhI hai| bhAratavarSakA digvijaya kara samudraguptane azvamedha-yajJa kiyA thaa| usane azvamedha smAraka dinAra (sonekA sikkA) claayaa| dakSiNake aneka rAjAoMne bhI azvamedha kiye| kannaujake gahar3avAla rAjA jayacandra ke bhI azvayajJakA ullekha huA hai| candragupta vikramAdityake beTe kumAragupta prathamane cAlIsa varSoM taka rAjya kiyA aura sonekA sikkA calAyA / sikkemeM rAjA ghor3e para savAra haiM / bhAratake bIsavIM sadIke tAmbeke paise para paTameM bhI azvAkRti thii| Ahata madrAoM para cihnoMke dUsare vargameM cAra mahA AjAneya pazuoMkA citra hai| catuSpAda paMktikA pratIka bauddhadharmake udayase bahata pahale hI pracalita ho cukA thaa| isa prakAra kamala aura azvakA bhAratIya saMskRtike mAMgalika pratIkoMmeM mukhya sthAna thaa| COM maa