Bharatiya Darshano me Atmatattva

Author(s): M P Patairiya
Publisher: Z_Sadhviratna_Pushpvati_Abhinandan_Granth_012024.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/211554/1

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sAdhvIratnapuSpavatI abhinandana grantha bhA ra tI ya darza noM meM Atma tattva DA. ema. pI. paTairiyA bhAratIya darzana kA cintana-kSi tija bahu AyAmI hai| 'jIva' aura 'jagat' ke astitva kI paricarcAoM ke sAtha-sAtha unakA svarUpa nirdhAraNa, darzana kA pramukha pratipAdya rahA hai| kintu, jagat dAvAnala se vidagdha jIvAtmA kI duHkha-nivRtti kaise ho ? isa dizA meM jaba vaha zodhalIna huA, taba use aisI anubhUtiyA~ huIM ki jagat ke samasta duHkhoM se chuTakArA pAne kA eka mAtra upAya 'Atma-sAkSAtkAra' ho sakatA hai| isa anubhUtiparaka preraNA ne, darzana ko AtmAnveSaNa kI ora pravRtta kiyaa| phalataH jinajina maharSiyoM AcAryoM ne Atma-sAkSAtkAra meM saphalatA pAI, unhoMne, apanI anubhUtiyoM ko eka vyavasthita svarUpa de diyaa| tAki, unake sAdhanA-anubhavoM kA lAbha uThAkara loga bhI AtmasAkSAtkAra kara sakeM; jagat ke kaSToM se hamezA-hamezA ke lie chuTakArA pA skeN| jo janmatA hai, vaha maratA bhI hai| janma aura mRtyu ke bIca use kaI rUpoM/sthitiyoM/avasthAoM meM se gujaranA par3atA hai / mRtyu ke bAda bhI, use phira janma lenA/maranA par3atA hai| janma-mRtyu kA yaha silasilA, jIva aura jagat ko isa kadara sAtha-sAtha bAMdhe rakhatA hai ki koI bhI jIvAtmA, apanI saMsArAvasthA se unnata/zuddha sthiti ke bAre meM soca taka nahIM paataa| Atma-sAkSAtkAra karane vAle RSiyoM/AcAryoM ne, ina sArI sthitiyoM kI vivecanA bhI apanI anubhUtiyoM meM silasilevAra kI; aura antima niSkarSa ke rUpa meM, yaha bAta jora dekara kahI, ki duniyA~ ke jaMjAla se chUTane kA ekamAtra sAdhana 'Atma-sAkSAtkAra' hI hai| isI kAraNa, bhAratIya darzanoM kA jo svara ubharA hai, usameM 'Atma-tattva' ko maulika AdhAra mAnane ko gUja, sApha-sApha sunAI par3a rahI hai| anekoM bhAratIya RSiyoM/AcAryoM ne 'Atma-sAkSAtkAra' kiyA; kintu unake DhaMga aura anubhUtiyA~ apane-apane taraha ke the| jisa RSi/AcArya ne jina-jina taura-tarIkoM ko AnAkara 'Atma-sAkSAtkAra' karane meM saphalatA pAI, una tarIkoM anubhavoM ke anurUpa usane apane ziSyoM praziSyoM ko bhI prazikSita kiyaa| phalasvarUpa, kAlAntara meM, Atma-sAkSAtkAra ke tamAma taraha ke taura-tarIke aura bhinna-bhinna taraha ke anubhava, jaba Ama AdamI ke sAmane Aye, to use lagA-'eka hI Atmatattva ke bAre meM, alaga-alaga taraha kI mAnyatAe~ kyoM/kaise A sakatI haiM ? AcAryoM kI mAnyatA hai--pratyeka dravya tattva. ananta dharmoM vAlA hai| jina-jina RSiyoM AcAryoM ne Atma-sAkSAtkAra kiyA, yadi unake anubhavoM/vizleSaNoM meM kahIM kucha bhinnatA hai, to yaha nahIM mAnanA cAhie ki unake dvArA kiyA gayA Atma-sAkSAtkAra, aura usakI vivecanA galata/asatya/

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(sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha mithyA hai / balki, mAnanA yaha cAhie ki una sabake anubhavoM/vizleSaNoM ko milAkara, Atma-tattva kA jo svarUpa nikharatA/spaSTa hotA hai; vahI usakA samagra svarUpa hogaa| kyoMki, jisa RSi/AcArya ne AtmA ke jisa svarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra/vizleSaNa kiyA, sirpha vahI svarUpa AtmA kA nahIM hai| balki ve sAre svarUpa, Atma-tattva ke una bhinna-bhinna pahaluoM se jur3e haiM, jina pahaluoM kA sAkSAtkAra, alagaalaga RSiyoM/AcAryoM ke dvArA kiyA gyaa| yaha eka alaga bAta hai ki cintana/samIkSaNa ke prasaMga meM, ina bhinna-bhinna pahaluoM ko, pRthak-pRthak isa Azaya se vivecita kiyA jAye ki unake pArasparika sAmya vaiSamya ko spaSTa samajhA jA sake / isI bhAvanA se, bhAratIya darzanoM meM Atma-tattva kA saiddhAntika vizleSaNa aura usakI samIkSA, yahA~ prastuta kI jA rahI hai| cArvAka darzana meM Atma-cintana Atma-tattva kA sabase sthUla svarUpa, cArvAka darzana meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi cArvAka darzana ke siddhAnta/AcAra kA koI vyavasthita/sampUrNa grantha upalabdha nahIM hai; tathApi, usake nAma se, vibhinna zAstroM/granthoM meM jo ullekha Aye haiM, unhIM ko, usakI paramparA kA mAna liyA gyaa| eka vilakSaNa tathya to yaha hai, AtmA ke sthUla/bhautika svarUpa ke bahuta sAre varNana, upaniSadoM meM bhI pAye gaye haiN| ina sabako milAkara, AtmA kI sthUlatA ko prakaTa karane vAle, sAre siddhAntoM ko, yahA~ eka krama se diyA jA rahA hai| bhUtacaitanyavAda- pratyeka prANI meM, svatantra buddhi/viveka pAye jAte haiN| jaise kisI ko miThAI khAne meM Ananda kI anubhUti hotI hai, to koI khaTTI cIjoM meM vizeSa rasa-Ananda anubhava karatA hai; aura tIsarA, caTapaTe carapare svAda meM Anandamagna ho jAtA hai| isI taraha, yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai, ki jise, jisa vajaha/taraha se duHkhoM se chuTakArA mila jAye, vahI usakA AtmA/Atma-sAkSAtkAra svIkAra kara liyA jAye; yaha mAnanA svAbhAvika hai / cArvAkoM kI mAnyatA hai ki AtmA eka hai| vaha svatantra hai, caitanyayukta hai, Ara kamA kA katA hai| cUki yaha, bhUta samudAya ke mizraNa se utpanna hotA hai isalie vaha pratyakSa dvArA jAnA jA sakatA hai| zarIra meM jo cetanatA hai, vaha bhUta/tattva samudAya ke sammilana se apane Apa paidA ho jAtI hai isameM koI mahattvapUrNa kAraNa apekSita nahIM hotA hai, jaise, do/cAra padArthoM ko sAtha-sAtha milA dene para unameM se mAdakatA paidA hotI hai| yahA~, dhyAna dene kI bAta yaha hai ki jina kucha padArthoM ko sAtha-sAtha milAyA jAtA hai, unameM, koI padArtha aisA nahIM hotA, jo apane meM se mAdakatA ugA sake / kintu, paraspara mela ke vAda, unameM se mAdakatA apane-Apa paidA ho jAtI hai / isI taraha, pRthivI-jala-teja aura vAyu, ina cAra bhUtoM, padArthoM meM se kisI bhI eka meM, cetanatA nahIM pAyI jAtI; kintu cAroM kA milApa/mizraNa ho jAne para, unameM se cetanatA apane Apa ubhara AtI hai| jaise barasAta meM meMDhaka Adi tamAma kIr3e-makor3e, bhUtoM meM se apane Apa paidA ho jAte haiM / yahI bAta, manuSya Adi jIvoM ke sambandha meM samajhanI caahie| dehAtmavAda-loka vyavahAra meM, sahaja hI hama dekhate haiM ki ghara meM Aga laga jAne para, hara vyakti, apane Apako bacAkara bhAga nikalatA hai; bhale hI, usake bacce, patnI Adi, jalate hue ghara meM kyoM na raha jaayeN| isa mAnasikatA se yaha tathya spaSTa hotA hai, ki vyakti ko, putra Adi kI apekSA apanA deha adhika priya hotA hai / 'Atmanastu kAmAya sarvaM priyaM bhavati / ' cUMki sArI kriyAyeM, deha meM/deha ke dvArA hI 2 | caturtha khaNDa : jaina darzana, itihAsa aura sAhitya

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sAdhvIratnapuSpavatI abhinandana grantha sampanna hotI haiN| yahA~ taka ki cetanatA bhI deha meM hI pAyI jAtI hai| isalie, cArvAkoM kA kahanA hai'caitanyaviziSTaH kAyaH puruSaH' yAnI, caitanyayukta deha hI AtmA hai| isa siddhAnta ke anasAra, zarIra ke mRta ho jAne para, na to cetanatA zeSa bacatI hai, na hI deha-kriyAyeM raha jAtI haiN| taittirIyopaniSad meM yahI Azaya, ina zabdoM meM prakaTa kiyA gayA hai-'sa vA eSa annarasamayaH puruSaH' / 'maiM moTA hU~' 'maiM dubalA hU~' 'maiM kAlA hU~' ityAdi anubhavoM se bhI yaha nizcaya hotA hai ki 'deha hI AtmA hai' / yahI 'dehAtmavAda' hai| mana AtmA hai-kucha cArvAkAcArya yaha bhI kahate haiM-zarIra kI sabhI kArya praNAlI 'mana' ke adhIna hotI hai / mana, yadi vyavasthita/ekAgra na ho, to zarIra aura usake aGgopAGga ThIka se kArya nahIM kara pAte / cUMki mana svataMtra hai aura jJAna bhI karAtA hai| isalie 'mana' ko hI 'AtmA' svIkAra kiyA jAnA caahie| isI siddhAnta ko 'Atma-manovAda' kahA gayA hai / taittirIyopaniSad kA bhI kahanA hai-'anyo'ntara AtmA mnomyH| indriyAtmavAda-zarIra, indriyoM ke bhI adhIna hotA hai / yAnI, indriyAM hI sAre ke sAre kArya karatI haiM / chAndogyopaniSad meM kahA gayA hai-'te ha prANAH pitaraM pretya U cuH' / 'maiM andhA hU~' 'maiM baharA hU~' ityAdi anubhavoM meM, yaha mAnA gayA ki 'ahaM' pada se 'AtmA' kA artha prakaTa hotA hai| isa mAnyatA ke anusAra cArvAkoM kA eka varga 'indriyA~ hI AtmA haiM', yaha mAnatA hai| isa mAnyatA ke bhI do bheda haiN| eka samudAya ke anusAra 'eka deha meM, eka hI indriya, AtmA hotI hai' yaha mAnA gayA hai| ise 'ekendriyAtmavAda' kahA gyaa| dUsare samudAya ke anusAra 'indriyoM ke samUha' ko AtmA mAnA gyaa| isa mAnyatA ko 'militendriyAtmavAda' kahA gyaa| prANAtmavAda-indriyA~, prANoM ke adhIna hotI haiN| deha meM prANoM kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| prANavAyu ke nikala jAne para, deha aura indriyA~ bhI mara jAtI haiN| prANoM ke rahate hue hI zarIra jiMdA rahatA hai aura indriyA~ bhI kArya karatI haiN| bhUkha/pyAsa lagane para 'bubhukSito'haM' 'pipAsito'haM' Adi anubhava prANoM kA dharma hai| isalie, kucha AcAryoM kA kahanA hai-'prANa evAtmA' / taittirIyopaniSad ne bhI prANAtmavAda kA samarthana karate hue kahA hai-'anyo'ntara AtmA prANamayaH / putra AtmA hai-beTe ko sukhI/duHkhI dekhakara pitA sukha duHkha kA anubhava karatA hai / saMsAra meM kaI bAra, aise dRzya dekhe gaye haiM, ki beTe ke mara jAne para, usake viraha-duHkha se pitA bhI mara gayA / isa lokavyavahAra ke AdhAra para, kucha cArvAka AcAryoM kA kahanA hai-'putra hI AtmA hai|' isa mAnyatA ke samarthana meM kauSItakI upaniSad kA kahanA hai-'AtmA dhai jAyate putrH'| ___ artha/dhana AtmA hai-dhana, sabakA paramapriya hai| dhana ke binA AdamI duHkhI rahatA hai / aura kabhIkabhI to dhana ke abhAva meM vaha mara bhI jAtA hai / dhana hone para sukhI honA, na hone para duHkhI rahanA, eka sAmAnya loka-vyavahAra hai| jisake pAsa dhana hai, vaha svataMtra hai, saba kucha karane meM samartha hai / isalie, dhanI ko 'mahAn' aura 'jJAnI' taka kahA jAtA hai| jo dhanI hai, dhana kA vinAza/kSaya ho jAne para, vaha apane prANa tyAga detA hai, yaha bhI kaI avasaroM para dekhA gayA hai| isa vyavahAra ke AdhAra para kucha cArvAka mAnate haiM-'laukiko'rtha evaatmaa'| bRhadAraNyakopaniSad meM isa mAnyatA ke samarthana meM kahA gayA hai'artha evaatmaa'| 1. taittirIyopaSiSad-2/1/1 4. taittirIyopaniSad-2/2/1 2. taittirIyopaniSad-2/3/1 3. chAndogyopaniSad-5/1/7 5. kauSItakI upaniSad -1/2 6. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad-1/4/8 bhAratIya darzanoM meM Atma-tattva : DaoN0 ema0 pI0 paTairiyA | 3 www.ja

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............................. ................. . sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha ___ ina siddhAntoM ko dhyAna se dekhane para, yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki inameM se adhikAMza siddhAnta, loka-vyavahAra para AdhArita haiM / zAyada isIlie, inake AcAryoM kA 'lokAyata' nAma bhI de diyA gyaa| yaha bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki ina sAre siddhAntoM meM padArthoM/bhUtoM kI hI pradhAnatA hai| isa lie, ina siddhAntoM ko bhUtavAda/bhautikavAda jaise nAmoM se bhI vyavahRta kiyA gyaa| cArvAka, cUMki bhUtoM se haTakara anya kucha bhI vimarza nahIM krte| isalie inhoMne AkAza, prANa aura mana kI bhI, bhautikatA ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai| chAndogyopaniSad ne 'mana' ko 'annamaya' aura prANoM ko jalIya padArtha mAnA hai| aura, donoM kI bhautikatA ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai-'annamazitaM tredhA vidhiiyte| tasya yaH sthaviSTho dhAtustatpurISaM bhavati / yo madhyastanmAMsaM, yo'NiSThastanmanaH / / ApaH pItastredhA vidhIyate / tAsAM yaH sthaviSTho dhAtusta-mUtra, yo madhyastallohitaM, yo'NiSThaH sa prANAH // bauddhadarzana meM Atma-vicAraNA tathAgata buddha ko jaba tattvajJAna huA thA, tabhI unheM AtmasAkSAtkAra bhI haA thaa| kintu, jIvana kA parama lakSya 'Atma-sAkSAtkAra' hI hai, yaha jAnate hae bhI unhoMne 'AtmA' ke sambandha meM kucha bhI spaSTa nahIM khaa| unakI dhAraNA thI-vartavyaniSThAoM kI upAsanA se, aura tapasyA se antaHkaraNa kI zuddhi hotI hai| isI se, svataH hI AtmajJAna ho jaayegaa| isa kAraNa unhoMne karma sambandhI upadeza ko prAthamikatA dI / AtmA, zarIra se bhinna hai yA abhinna ? AtmA, mUrta hai yA amUrta ?- mRtyu ke bAda bhI usakA astitva rahatA hai yA nahIM ? ityAdi AtmA sambandhI praznoM kA uttara dene ke bajAya, unhoMne mauna rahanA hI zreSTha smjhaa| isalie, bauddhadarzana meM AtmaviSayaka carcAoM kA prAyaH abhAva hI dekhA/pAyA jAtA hai| vaccagottabhikSu ke ukta praznoM ke sambandha meM dhAraNa kiye gaye mauna ke viSaya meM, aura una praznoM ke uttara ke viSaya meM bhI, unake pramukha ziSya Ananda ne, jaba buddha se prazna kiyA to unhoMne kahA'Ananda ! 'AtmA hai', yadi maiM yaha kahatA hU~, to una zramaNa-brAhmaNoM kA siddhAnta puSTa hotA hai, jo AtmA kI sthiratA/nityatA meM vizvAsa karate haiM / 'AtmA nahIM hai' yadi yaha kahatA hU~, to una zramaNa-brAhmaNoM ke siddhAnta kI puSTi hotI hai, jo AtmA ke zUnyavAda meM vizvAsa rakhate haiN|' buddha aura Ananda ke isa saMvAda para, pAzcAtya vidvAn AlDenabarga kA mAnanA hai-'AtmA ke astitva aura abhAva, donoM se pare rahakara diye gaye uttara kA yahI Azaya liyA jAyegA ki 'AtmA nahIM hai| bAvajUda ukta sthiti ke, bauddhadarzana meM rUpa-vedanA-saMjJA-saMskAra aura vijJAna nAma ke pA~ca skaMdhoM ke saMghAta/saMyoga/mela rUpa meM AtmA kI svIkRti pAyI jAtI hai / isa svIkRti para apanI TippaNI karate hae roja DeviDsa ne likhA hai--rUpa-vedanA Adi pA~coM skaMdhoM ke saMyoga ke vinA, jIvAtmA Tha pAtA aura inakA saMyoga, kriyamANa ke abhAva meM asambhava ho jAtA hai / kriyamANa bhI eka aura dUsare kriyamANa ke binA sambhava nahIM hotaa| aura, 'vibhAga' svIkAra kiye binA, yaha dUsarA kriyamANa bhI svIkAra kara pAnA sambhava nahIM hai / yaha eka aisA tirobhAva hai, jo pahile/bAda ke samaya meM, kabhI bhI pUrA 7. chAndogyopaniSad-6/5/1 8. BUDDHA - p. 273 4 | caturtha khaNDa : jaina darzana, itihAsa aura sAhitya Parernalisarall wwwa

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sAdhvIratnapuSpavatI abhinandana grantha) H iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHREEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEERREARRIERREREmamAmmmmma nahIM ho paayegaa| isa taraha, yaha eka aisI zAzvata/avicchinna prakriyA hai, jisameM nAma, rUpa Adi kucha bhI to sthAyI nahIM hai| vidvAnoM kI isI taraha kI TIkA/TippaNiyoM ke pariprekSya meM, bauddhoM kA AtmA-viSayaka abhiprAya yaha spaSTa hotA hai-'AtmA, na to vaha hai, jo paJcaskandha kA svarUpa hai; na hI usa skandha rUpa se sarvathA bhinna hai| yaha AtmA, na to kevala zarIra-mana kA sammizraNa mAtra hai, na hI koI isa taraha kA nitya padArtha hai, jo ki parivartanoM ke viplava se sarvathA mukta raha sake / vaidika vAGamaya meM Atma-carcA duHkha-nivRtti kA pramukha kAraNa Atma-sAkSAtkAra hai, yaha mAnakara, vaidika kAlIna jIvAtmA, jaba AtmAnveSaNa meM pravRtta huA, to usane dekhA ki devopAsanA/stuti Adi se bhI duHkha-nivRtti ho jAtI hai / isalie vaha indra, varuNa, Adi devoM ko hI 'AtmA' ke rUpa meM mAna baiThA / yaha tathya, veda saMhitAoM ke avalokana se spaSTa hotA hai| kintu jisane, jaba-jaba bhI jisa kisI devatA kI stuti kI, taba-taba upAsya stutya deva ko hI usane 'mahAnatama' maanaa| para, sabhI deva to 'mahAnatama' ho nahIM sakate-yaha viveka jAgRta hone para, unake manoM meM eka jijJAsA jAgI-'sabase mahAn kauna hai ?' isa ke samAdhAna meM yaha mAnA gayA ki jo deva, sabase mahAna ho, vastutaH vahI AtmA hai| isI taraha kI bhAvanAoM ke rUpa meM, Atma-sAkSAtkAra kI jijJAsA kI kramika pragati vedoM meM dekhI jA sakatI hai| yaha bAta alaga hai ki upaniSadoM meM, AtmA ko devatAoM se pRthak rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyA gyaa| kenopaniSad kahatI hai"-"jisa AtmA ke anveSaNa meM loga lage hue haiM, vaha devatAoM se bhinna hai| kyoMki, devatAoM meM jo devatva zavita hai, vaha brahmapradatta hai / isalie, AtmA, devatAoM se bhinna hai-yaha tathya yakSa-deva samvAda meM spaSTa huA hai / ' brAhmaNoM/AraNyako meM A1- brAhaNa granthoM meM pahale to mitra, bRhaspati, vAyu, yajJa Adi ko 'brahma' rUpa meM mAnA gyaa| bAda meM, ina saba devatAoM kI utpatti brahma se batalAkara, brahma tattva kA vyApaka rUpa pradarzita kiyA gyaa| yahA~ 'AtmA' aura 'brahma' donoM ko hI alaga-alaga kahA gayA hai| brahma, devatAoM kA utpAdaka hone para bhI unase abhinna mAnA gyaa| aura, AtmA ko devatAoM se bhinna svIkAra kiyA gyaa| yAnI, brAhmaNoM/AraNyakoM meM, devatAoM kI utpatti ke kAraNasvarUpa brahma se 'AtmA' kA svarUpa pRthak svIkAra kiyA gyaa| ___zatapatha brAhmaNa meM 'zarIra kA madhyama bhAga AtmA hai'13 kahane ke sAtha-sAtha tvacA, zoNita, mAMsa aura asthiyoM ke lie, phira bAda meM mana, buddhi, ahaMkAra tathA citta ke lie bhI 'AtmA' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gyaa| yahIM para. jAgrata. svapna. saSapti. tarIya avasthAoM ke lie bhI 'AtmA' zabda kA prayoga hai| jabaki jaiminIya brAhmaNa meM AkAza se abhinna mAnakara AtmA kI pRthak sattA dikhalAI gaI hai| 9. mahAvagga-1/6/38 12. zatapatha brAhmaNa-913/2/4 15. jaiminIya brAhmaNa-2/54 10. puggalapatti 13. vahI--9/3/2/4 11. kenopaniSad -1/5/9 14. zatapatha brAhmaNa-7/1/1/18 bhAratIya darzanoM meM Atma-tattva : DaoN0 ema0 pI0 paTairiyA | 5 www.larGRO

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sAdhvI ratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha tattirIya AraNyaka meM AtmA ko prANoM se abhinna mAnate hue use 'vijJAnamaya' 'Anandamaya' svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / aura anta meM usakA svarUpa paricaya diyA gayA hai / aitareya brAhmaNa meM dyau aura pRthivI ke madhyavartI AkAza se abhitra 'AtmA' kahA gayA hai 1" / jaba ki aitareya AraNyaka meM 'AtmA' se hI loka kI sRSTi kahI gaI hai, aura usake sopAdhi-nirupAdhi svarUpoM kA varNana karake, citpuruSa brahma se usakI ekatA svIkAra kI gaI hai / dUsare sthala para, spaSTa kahA gayA hai - zuddha caitanya se bhinna, anya koI padArtha, saMsAra meM nahIM hai / devatA, jaMgama aura sthAvara jIva, jo kucha bhI isa saMsAra meM vidyamAna haiM, vaha saba AtmA hI hai / isI se sabakI sRSTi hotI hai, aura sabakA laya bhI isI meM hotA hai" / isa taraha, AtmA ke sthUlatama, paricchinna svarUpa se lekara sUkSmatama, sarvavyApaka svarUpa taka kA varNana AraNyakoM meM pAyA jAtA hai / upaniSatsAhitya meM Atma-vicAraNA upaniSadoM kA pramukha pratipAdya viSaya 'AtmA' hai / veda saMhitAoM se lekara AraNyakoM taka jisa 'brahma' ko AtmA se bhinna pratipAdita kiyA gayA thA, vahI brahma, upaniSatsAhitya meM AtmA se abhinna mAna liyA gyaa| isake sAtha-sAtha, yaha bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA ki 'AtmA' ke alAvA, anya koI bhI dUsarA padArtha, saMsAra meM 'sat' nahIM hai / bRhadAraNyakopaniSad kA, AtmA ke sambandha meM yaha kathana draSTavya hai- 'sa vA ayamAtmA brahma vijJAnamayo manomayaH prANamayazcakSurmayaH zrotramayaH pRthivImayaH ApomayaH "dharmamayo adharmamayaH sarvamayaH" ityAdi / yahI AtmA brahma, prANa apAna - vyAna udAna vAyu ke rUpa meM, hamAre zarIra kI rakSA karatA hai; yahI AtmA, bhUkha, pyAsa, zoka, moha, bur3hApA, mRtyu Adi se hama sabakA uddhAra karatA hai / isI ke jJAna / sAkSAtkAra se, putra, dhana, svarga Adi kI abhilASA se mukta huA jIva saMnyasta ho jAtA hai | cU~ki, yaha AtmA akhaNDa hai, pUrNa hai; isalie, sat-asat, dIrgha- laghu, dUra- samIpa, Adi paraspara virodhI dharmoM kA vaha AdhAra hotA hai / isI vajaha se, alaga-alaga dArzanikoM ne bhinna-bhinna apekSAoM se, usakA varNana aneka taraha se kiyA hai / bRhadAraNyakopaniSad ke adhyayana se aisA pratIta hotA hai, ki 'brahma' sambandhI jJAna, pahale-pahala, kSatriyoM meM hI thA / unhIM se brAhmaNoM ne isa vidyA ko prApta kiyA / isameM, yaha bhI spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki apanI tapasyA ke bala para koI bhI brahma ko jAna/ prApta kara sakatA hai / kyoMki, yaha AtmA na to vedoM ke adhyayana se jAnA / pAyA jA sakatA hai, na hI buddhi / zAstroM se use prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai / balki, jo jIvAtmA, apane AtmA kA varaNa karatA hai, vahI jIvAtmA, apane AtmA ko prApta karatA hai / 33 yahI bAta kaThopaniSad meM bhI yoM kahI gaI hai : 21 nAyamAtmA pravacanena labhyo na medhayA na bahunA zrutena / yamevaiSa vRNute tena labhyastasyeSa AtmA vivRNute tanUM svAm // 17. aitareya brAhmaNa - 1/3/3 20. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad - 2/5/19 23. vahI - 4/4/19 16. taittirIyAraNyaka - 9 / 1 19. vahI--2/6/1 22. vahI - 4/5/6 6 | caturtha khaNDa : jaina darzana, itihAsa aura sAhitya 18. aitareya AraNyaka - 2/4/1/3 21. vahI - 4/4/5 24. kaThopaniSad - 1/2/23

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sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha .....::.:::::::: ... bhittiiiiiiiiiiii jIvAtmA kA svarUpa-martya-amartya, sthira-asthira svarUpa vAlA brahma/paramAtmA, avidyA se saMzliSTa hone para 'jIvAtmA' kahalAtA hai / pUrvajanma ke karmoM ke anusAra, vaha sukha/duHkha kA upabhoga karatA hai, aura janma/maraNa ko prApta karatA hai, balki, janma lene se pUrva hI apane sthUla, sarvAMgapUrNa zarIra ko grahaNa kara letA hai / pazcAt iha/paraloka kA bhramaNa karatA huA, svapna taka meM donoM lokoM kA jJAna anubhava, eka hI samaya meM prApta karatA hai / isI se vaha sukha/duHkha kA anubhava karatA hai| janmAntara vyavasthA- sthUla zarIra kI zakti kama ho jAne para, vaha jAgrata avasthA se svapna avasthA meM praveza karatA hai; phira, jarjarita, sthUla zarIra ko chor3akara, avidyA ke prabhAva se, dUsare naye zarIra ko grahaNa karatA hai| isa 'zarIra-parityAga' ko 'maraNa' kahA jAtA hai| maraNa kI avasthA meM jIvAtmA, durbala aura saMjJAhIna hokara, hRdaya meM sthita ho jAtA hai / maraNa ke samaya, sabase pahale usake rUpa/jJAna naSTa hote haiM, phira anya indriyoM ke sAtha-sAtha, usakA antaHkaraNa bhI zithila ho jAtA hai| isa samaya hRdaya ke UrdhvabhAga meM eka 'prakAza' udita hotA hai; joki zarIra ke chidroM meM se hokara, zarIra se bAhara nikala AtA hai| isa prakAza ke sAtha-sAtha, usakI jIvana-zakti bhI bAhara nikala jAtI hai| isa sthiti meM bhI, usameM 'vAsanA' spaSTa dikhAI detI hai / isa vAsanA ke hI prabhAva se, jIva ke janmAntara kA svarUpa nizcita hotA hai26 / paramapada prApti-jIvAtmA, apane vartamAna janma meM, jo/jaisA karatA hai, usI ke anusAra use agalA janma prApta hotA hai| isalie, hara jIvAtmA ko, apanA agalA janma samyak banAne ke lie zubha / karma karane cAhie; jJAna kI prApti ke lie yoga kA abhyAsa aura sadagranthoM kA adhyayana karanA caahie| zubha karmoM ke karane se zabha deha-svarUpa aura sthAna prApta hotA hai27 / yadi koI jIvAtmA, apane jIvana kAla meM tapasyA/puNyodaya ke dvArA tattvajJAna prApta karatA hai, to, isase usakI vAsanA kA aura kiye hue karmoM kA vinAza ho jAtA hai / saJcita karmazakti kA hrAsa ho jAnA hI 'jIvanmukti' kahA jAtA hai| jIvanmukta avasthA meM, prAramdha ke yoga se prApta sthUla zarIra hI raha jAtA hai / bAda meM, prArabdha ke naSTa ho jAne para, usakA zarIra bhI chUTa jAtA hai / aura, jIvAtmA 'Atma-sAkSAtkAra' kA anubhava karane lagatA | hai / yAnI, 'paramapada' ko prApta kara letA hai| nyAyadarzana meM Atma-vivecanA ___ jJAna kA jo adhikaraNa hotA hai, vahI 'AtmA' hai / AtmA draSTA, bhoktA, sarvajJa, nitya aura vyApaka hai28 / naiyAyikoM kI mAnyatA hai-bAhya indriyoM se aura mana se, AtmA kA pratyakSa nahIM hotaa| isalie icchA, dveSa, prayatna, sukha, duHkha, jJAna rUpa liMgoM ke dvArA, AtmA ke pRthak astitva kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| isa prasaMga meM 'AtmA' kA Azaya 'jIvAtmA' hai / isI ko 'baddha AtmA' kahA jAtA hai| sukha/duHkha kI vicitratA se yaha siddha hotA hai ki hara zarIra meM bhinna-bhinna jIvAtmA hai| vahI usa zarIra kA, aura usake sukhoM/duHkhoM kA bhoktA hotA hai| mukta avasthA meM bhI hara jIvAtmA svatantra aura eka-dUsare se alaga rahatA hai| isI AdhAra para naiyAyikoM ne mukta AtmAoM kA anekatva mAnA hai|29 iiiiiiiHHHHHHHHTRA 25. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad-2/3/1 26. vahI-4/4/2 27. vahI-zAMkara bhASya-4/4/2 28. nyAya bhASya-1/1/9 29. Conception of Matter-Dr. Umesh Chandra, Chap. 11, p. 372-76. bhAratIya darzanoM meM Atma-tattva : DaoN0 ema0 pI0 paTairiyA | 7 RABIA www.ja

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MARAT HEMALHARIHAR........................! sAdhvIratna puSpAvatI abhinandana grantha nyAyadarzana ke anusAra jIvAtmA jJAna kA adhikaraNa hai / phira bhI vaha svabhAva se jJAnazUnya hai| ataeva jar3a hai / AtmA meM svabhAvataH caitanya kA abhAva hai| mana ke saMyoga se usameM jJAna utpa arthAt, 'jJAna' AtmA kA svAbhAvika' dharma na hokara 'Agantuka' dharma ThaharatA hai / isI bAta ko dhyAna meM rakhakara mahAkavi zrIharSa ne naiyAyikoM kA parihAsa karate hae kahA30 muktaye yaH zilAtvAya zAstramUce sacetasAm / AtmA ke guNa-nyAyadazana ke anusAra jJAna, sukha, duHkha Adi AtmA ke guNa haiM31 | usake mana, vANI aura zarIra ke zubha-azubha pariNAmoM se utpanna hone vAle zubha-azubha saMskAra AtmA meM adhiSThita rahate haiN| ye saskAra, mRtyu ke bAda bhI, jIvAtmA ke sAtha, eka zarAra se dUsare zarIra meM praveza karate haiM inhIM ke prabhAva se AtmA bhogazIla hotA hai / yahA~ yaha prazna kiyA jAtA hai ki, cUMki AtmA vibhu/sarvavyApI hai / phira, vaha jahA~ kahIM bhI kaise A jA sakatA hai ? vaha, eka zarIra se dUsare zarIra meM praveza kaise kara sakatA hai ?... naiyAyika kahate haiM, isa taraha kI zaGkA ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki AtmA, vibhu/vyApaka hai| isase usake sabhI saMskAra, saba jagaha, hamezA maujUda rahate haiN| hAlAMki naiyAyika, saMskAroM ko 'mana' meM nahIM mAnate haiM, kintu, sthUla zarIra meM mana kA saMyoga hone para, usameM jIvAtmA ke saMskAra jaba ubuddha hote haiM, tabhI vaha bhogazIla bana pAtA hai / yadyapi, eka zarIra ko chor3akara, dUsare zarIra meM mana hI praveza karatA hai, tathApi moTI buddhi se, kahA yahI jAtA hai-'jIvAtmA ke sAtha usake saMskAra bhI jAte haiN|' yaha kathana, jIvAtmA kA mana se sambandha hone ke kAraNa, kiyA jAtA hai| mokSa-ikkIsa prakAra ke duHkhoM aura unake kAraNa kA vinAza ho jAne para AtmA mukta hotA hai| yAnI, ikkIsa prakAra ke duHkhoM se hamezA-hamezA ke liye chUTa jAnA 'mukti' hai| isakA dUsarA nAma 'apavarga' bhI hai| ikkIsa prakAra ke duHkha ye haiM--'mana ke sAtha chaH indriyA~, unake rUpa-rasa Adi chaH viSaya, ina chaH hI prakAra ke indriya-viSayoM ke chaH prakAra ke jJAna, sukha aura duHkha / inhIM se duHkha utpanna hotA hai / ataH inakI Atyantika nivRtti ko naiyAyika 'mokSa' kahate haiN| mokSa-prApti kI prakriyA-zAstroM ke samAlocanajanya jJAna se padArthoM kA jo jJAna hotA hai, usase, padArthoM meM tamAma doSa dikhalAI dene lagate haiN| isI se, jIvAtmA ko saMsAra ke prati virakti ho jAtI hai / - vaha mokSa kI kAmanA karane lagatA hai| aba, vaha guru ke upadeza se aSTAMga yoga kA abhyAsa karatA hai, tathA dhyAna aura samAdhi meM pUrNa paripakvatA pA lene para 'Atma-sAkSAtkAra' kara letA hai / Atma-sAkSAtkAra ho jAne se avidyA, asmitA, rAga, dveSa aura abhiniveza rUpa pA~ca klezoM kA vinAza ho jAtA hai / aura vaha niSkarma ho jAtA hai| usake karmajanya saMskAroM kI utpatti nahIM ho paatii| ataH usameM karmasaMcaya kriyA kA abhAva ho jAtA hai / jIvAtmA meM jo pUrvajanmopArjita saMskAroM aura karmoM kA saMcaya rahA hotA hai, vaha yogAbhyAsa yagjJAna ho jAne para, una-una karmoM ke bhogayogya bhinna-bhinna zarIroM ko kAya-vyUha se utpanna karatA hai, tathA ina zarIroM kI tIvra karmabhogya sAmarthya se, samasta bhogoM kA upabhoga karake pUrvajanmopArjita karmoM 31. nyAyasUtra -prazasta pAdabhASya-pR0 70 30. naiSadhIyacaritam - 17/75 32. pAtaJjala yogadarzanam ---2/3/9 8 | caturtha khaNDa : jaina darzana, itihAsa aura sAhitya ...........

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HisAdhvAratnapuSpavatI abhinandana grantha kA vinAza kara detA hai| jisase usake bhAvI zarIroM kA vinAza ho jAtA hai| aba, usakA jo maujUdA zarIra bacA raha jAtA hai, usake mara jAne para, ikkIsoM prakAra ke duHkhoM kI Atyantika nivRtti ho jAtI hai / isI sthiti meM mokSa ko prApta huA jIvAtmA 'mukta' kahalAtA hai / yahI abhiprAya AcArya gautama ne isa taraha se vyakta kiyA hai34-'mithyAjJAnasya vinaSTe sati rAgadveSAdInAmapi nAzastatazca pravRtterabhAvastadanantaraJca punarjanmAbhAvo'nte ca duHkhAnAmabhAvAt 'muktiH' bhavatIti' / momAMsA darzana meM AtmavicAra naiyAyikoM kI taraha mImAMsA darzana meM bhI zarIra-indriya Adi se bhinna 'AtmA' kI sattA mAnI gaI hai| kintu, isa darzana meM, 'AtmA' ko bhI eka 'dravya' mAnA gayA hai| vedoM meM kahA gayA hai-'yajJa ke bAda yajamAna svargaloka jAtA hai| mara jAne para, yajamAna kA zarIra to yahIM jalA diyA jAtA hai| isalie, zarIra svarga nahIM jaataa| jo jAtA hai, vahI 'AtmA' hai / isI taraha 'so'yaM jIvana maraNayorbandhanAnmucyate' isa kathana se bhI spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki mukta hone vAlA zarIra-indriya se bhinna, avinAzI, eka loka se dUsare loka meM jAne vAlA 'jIvAtmA' hI hai| yadyapi AtmA meM jJAna kA udaya hai, para, svapna avasthA meM jJAna kA viSaya upasthita na rahane se jJAna kA bhI abhAva rahatA hai| isa mAnyatA ke anusAra mImAMsaka kA AtmA jar3a rUpa bhI hai, aura bodharUpa bhI hai| __vAstava meM to AtmA nitya hone ke kAraNa kabhI naSTa nahIM hotaa| yahI kartA-bhoktA hotA hai| aura, 'ahaM' isa anubhUti ke dvArA jAnA jAtA hai| vibhu hone ke kAraNa saba jagaha maujUda rahatA hai| isalie deza-kAla se paricchinna, yaha zUddha jJAna svarUpa36, samasta padArthoM kA jJAtA hai| eka zarIra meM maujada AtmA dasare zarIroM meM maujUda AtmAoM se bhinna hai| ataH AtmAe~ aneka haiN| mImAMsakoM kI yaha spaSTa mAnyatA hai / jIvAtmAoM kI anekatA/bhinnatA svIkAra karane para hI 'baddha'/'mukta' AtmAoM kI vyavasthA bana pAtI hai| anyathA, eka jIvAtmA ke 'mukta' ho jAne para sabhI jIvAtmAoM ko mukta ho jAnA cAhie / yaD jIvAtmA svAnubhava se jAnA jAtA hai| isalie isakA mAnasa pratyakSa bhI yahA~ svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| mukti kA svarUpa-yaha zarIra bhogoM kA Ayatana/ghara kendra hai| indriyA~ bhoga kA sAdhana haiM / zabda, sparza, rUpa Adi indriyoM ke viSaya bhogya haiM / 'prapaJca' pada/zabda inhIM ke liye prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / inhIM sabase jIvAtmA sukha/duHkha kA sAkSAt anubhava karatA hai, aura anAdikAla se 'baddha' banA par3A hai| isalie. ina tInoM kA Atyantika vinAza 'mokSa' hai| yaha, bhaTTamata meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| pahale se utpanna zarIra, indriyA~ aura indriya viSayoM kA vinAza, bhAvI zarIra, indriyA~ aura indriya viSayoM kA utpanna na honA 'Atyantika-vinAza' kahA jAtA hai| isake pazcAt sukha-duHkha rahita mukta jIva 'svastha' ho jAtA hai / arthAt, jJAna, sukha, duHkha, icchA, dveSa, prayatna, dharma, adharma, saMskAra Adi se rahita apane svarUpa meM sthita jIva, jJAnazakti, sattA aura dravyatva se sampanna ho jAtA hai / mukti prakriyA-pUrvajanma meM kamAye gaye dharma-adharma puNya-pApa Adi kA, unake phala kA upabhoga 33. (ka) nyAyasUtra-- 4/2/38-- 46 35. (ka) zlokavArtika-1/5, 37. vahI-4 123 (sa) takaMpAdabhASya-pR0-91-92 (kha) zAstradIpikA-1/1/5 38. vahI--10 123--24 34. nyAyasUtra--1/1/2 36. zAstradIpikA-10 123 39. zlobatika-1/5 bhAratIya darzanoM meM Atma-tattva : DaoN0 ema0 pI0 paTairiyA | 6 mnational www.jainer

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..... sAdhvIratnapuSpavatI abhinandana grantha ... ::. karane se vinAza ho jAtA hai / inakA nAza ho jAne para sukha-duHkha kA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai jisase pUrva janma ke bandhanoM se jIva mukta ho jAtA hai / kAmya karmoM kA parityAga kara dene se, bhAvI dharma-adharma Adi kI, aura unake phaloM kI utpatti nahIM hotI; isalie unakA bhI abhAva ho jAtA hai| vedavihita karmoM ko karate hue bhI niSiddha karmoM kA parityAga kara dene se, naye zarIra Adi kI utpatti nahIM hotii| ataH pUrvazarIra kA vinAza ho jAne ke bAda, jIva mukta hokara sva-rUpa meM sthita ho jAtA hai| mokSa avasthA meM jIva meM sukha, Ananda aura jJAna rahate haiN| isa taraha, bhaTTa mImAMsaka ke matAnusAra 'prapaJca sambandha kA vilaya' hI mokSa hai| mukta jIva kA svarUpa-mukta avasthA meM zarIra kA, aura mana ke sambandha kA bhI abhAva ho jAtA hai| phira vahA~ mukta jIva ko 'sva-jJAna' kaise hotA hai ? cUMki, manaH-zarIra Adi ke sAdhanoM ke abhAva meM AtmA bhI apane Apako jAnane meM samartha nahIM rahatA, isaliye, mokSa ho jAne para, jIvAtmA ko apanA jJAna nahIM hotA; kintu, usameM jJAnazakti kA lopa kabhI bhI nahIM hotA; vaha to usameM rahatI hI hai / AtmA kA vAstavika svarUpa yahI hai / isI svarUpa meM, vaha mokSa meM rahatA hai"| prabhAkara ke mata meM, dharma/adharma kA niravazeSa vinAza ho jAne para, deha kA Atyantika vinAza hI 'mokSa' hai / vastutaH to dharma-adharma ke vazIbhUta huA jIvAtmA nAnA-yoniyoM meM paribhramaNa karatA hai| isalie, dharma-adharma kA vinAza ho jAne para, isI ke kAraNa utpanna deha-indriyoM Adi ke sambandha se sarvathA rahita hokara duHkhoM se aura bandhanoM se chuTakArA pA jAtA hai| mukti pAne kI icchA rakhane vAlA jIva, sAMsArika duHkhoM se udvigna ho jAtA hai| saMsAra meM vizuddha sukha kA abhAva hai| isalie, sAMsArika duHkhoM se mukta huA jIvAtmA, sAMsArika sukhoM se bhI parAGa mukha ho jAtA hai phira vaha mokSa ke liye prayatnazIla banatA hai| bandha ke kAraNoM kA, pApa ke hetubhUta niSiddha karmoM kA vaha parityAga karatA hai, pUrvajanma meM arjita karmaphaloM kA upabhoga karake unakA vinAza karatA hai| aura, yogazAstroM meM batalAye gaye zama-dama-brahmacarya Adi yoga ke aMgoM kA pAlana karake . AtmajJAna prApta karatA hai aura, dharma-adharma Adi saMskAroM kA vinAza karatA hai; taba kahIM vaha isa saMsAra se mukta hotA hai| phira isa saMsAra meM nahIM aataa| mukta avasthA meM, jIva kI sattA mAtra rahatI hai| AtmA, cUMki sattvayukta hotA hai, aura akAraNa rUpa hotA hai, isalie vaha 'avinAzI' bana jAtA hai; aura, saba jagaha rahane ke kAraNa 'vibhu' bhI hotA hai / isa vizleSaNa se jJAta hotA hai ki bhaTTa aura prabhAkara ke mata meM pharka yaha hai ki bhaTTa ne sirpha karmaphaloM kA upabhoga kara lene se hI dharma/adharma kA vinAza mAna liyA hai| jabaki prabhAkara ne ukta upabhoga ke sAtha-sAtha zama-dama Adi yogAnoM ke paripAlana se prApta AtmajJAna ko bhI dharma-adharma ke vinAza meM Avazyaka mAnA hai / bhaTTamata meM prapaJca sambandha kA vilaya hI mokSa hai| jabaki prabhAkara mata meM dharmaadharma kA niravazeSa vinAza, tathA prApta deha kA Atyantika vinAza 'mokSa' mAnA hai| ukta donoM siddhAntoM meM jo pArasparika bhinnatA parilakSita hotI hai, vaha vAstavika nahIM hai| kyoM ki bhaTTamata meM tInoM prakAra ke bandhoM kA Atyantika vilaya' mokSa mAnA gayA hai| to prabhAkara mata 40. zAstradIpikA-pR0 130 41. vahI -pR. 130 42. prakaraNa paJcikA-pa0 154-157 43 vahI-pR0 157 44. vahI-(kAzI saMskaraNa) pR. 156 45. zAstradIpikA--pR. 125 10 | caturtha khaNDa : jaina darzana, itihAsa aura sAhitya

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***..... HiiiiiiiimammmmmmmmA sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha meM 'deha kA Atyantika uccheda' mokSa mAnA gayA hai| eka mata meM zarIra sambandha ke vilaya ko aura dUsare mata meM zarIra ke hI uccheda ko, mokSa kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| zarIra kA uccheda ho jAne para, zarIra sambandhoM kA uccheda ho jAnA svAbhAvika hai / ataH donoM matoM meM koI vizeSa pharka nahIM hai| sAMkhyadarzana meM Atma-cintana sAMkhyadarzana meM mUlatattva tIna haiM-vyakta, avyakta, aura jny| inameM se 'vyakta' aura 'avyakta' jar3a haiN| kevala 'jJa' hI cetana hai / 'jJa' ko 'puruSa' bhI kahA gayA hai| parokSa hone ke kAraNa 'puruSa' ko na to baddhi se jAnA jAtA hai, na hI usakA pratyakSa hotA hai| yaha triguNAtIta aura nilipta hai| ataH isakI sattA/astitva kI siddhi karane ke liye kisI sahayogI 'liMga' ke na hone se, anumAna dvArA bhI isakA jJAna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / sAMkhyoM kI mAnyatA hai ki mAtra 'zabda'/'Agama' hI isake astitva kI siddhi meM sahayogI hai / sAMkhya zAstroM meM 'jJa' ke astitva sambandhI anekoM pramANa milate haiN| jinheM dekhate hue yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki 'jJa' kI siddhi Agama/Aptavacana se ho jAtI hai| sAMkhyoM kA yaha puruSa ahetumAn, nitya, sarvavyApI, triguNAtIta aura niSkriya hai / puruSa kI anekatA/bahutva ke viSaya meM, vidvAnoM meM aikamatya nahIM hai| IzvarakRSNa 'tathA ca pumAn", pada ke dvArA isake 'ekatva' aura 'prakRti ke sAtha sAdRzya' prakaTa karate haiN| isa pada ke bhASya meM gaur3apAdAcArya ne bhI 'pumAnapyekaH' pada ke dvArA jJa/puruSa kA ekatva siddha kiyA hai| jabaki anya TIkAkAroM ne puruSa kA 'bahatva' siddha kiyA hai| isakA mukhya AdhAra 'puruSabahutvaM siddha 48 pada jAna par3ata isa sandarbha meM jo vizeSaNa-zabda janana-maraNa-karaNa Adi prayoga kiye gaye haiM, unase yaha spaSTa jAna par3atA hai ki puruSa ke bahutva kA yaha varNana, usake zuddha svarUpa kI apekSA se nahIM kiyA gayA hai| balki, sAMsArika/baddha puruSa kI vahA~ para apekSA jAna par3atI hai / ___baddha puruSa ko anekatA-sAMkhyadarzana meM zuddha svarUpa vAlA puruSa/jJa eka hI hai| kintu, baddha sAMsArika puruSa bahuta haiM / ina sAMsArika puruSoM ke janma-mRtyu, aura indriya-samUha ke sattA/svarUpa bhinnabhinna rUpoM meM niyata pAye jAte haiN| ina saba kI alaga-alaga DhaMga kI pravRtti, aura sattva-raja-tama rUpa traiguNya kI viSamatA, yaha siddha karate haiM ki baddha/sAMsArika puruSoM kI vividhatA/bahatva hai / yadi baddha puruSoM meM bhI ekatva mAna liyA jAtA hai, to kisI eka puruSa ke janma lene para, sabako janma le lenA cAhie; eka ke mara jAne para sabako mara jAnA caahie| kisI eka ke andhA/bahirA ho jAne para, sabako aMdhA/bahirA ho jAnA cAhie / loka vyavahAra meM aisA dRzya dikhAI nahIM detA; jisase, yahI siddha hotA hai ki puruSa-bahutva kA vizleSaNa, usakI saMsArAvasthA ko lakSya karake hI sAMkhyadarzana kiyA gayA hai| 'na' ke bahutva meM ApattiyA~-kucha vidvAn, haThapUrvaka yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki sAMkhyadarzana meM 'jny'| 'zuddhAtmA' kA hI bahutva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| inheM vicAra karanA cAhie ki zuddha svarUpa 'jJa' mukta avasthA vAlA hotA hai / vaha, na to kabhI janma letA hai, na hI maratA hai| isalie, usako aMdhA/bahirA hone, yA kisI kArya meM saMlagna hone kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| na hI usameM sattva-raja-tama Adi guNoM kI 46. prakaraNapaJcikA-pR. 156 48. sAMkhyakArikA-18 47. sAMkhyakArikA-11 49. vahI-18 bhAratIya darzanoM meM Atma-tattva : DaoN0 ema0 pI0 paTairiyA | 11 PART www.jaing

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sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha upasthiti rahatI hai / ina tamAma guNoM kA zuddha svarUpa meM abhAva hone para bhI, usameM sirpha 'bahutva' kaise ghaTita ho sakatA hai ? ataH 'puruSabahutvaM siddha kA artha / Azaya, yahI liyA jAnA cAhie ki janma-maraNa Adi kI apekSA se traiguNya viparyaya kI apekSA se baddha / sAMsArika puruSa hI bahutva ko prApta hotA hai / sAMkhyadarzana meM puruSa ko anAdi avidyA ke saMsarga se, anAdikAla se baddha mAnA gayA hai / isIlie vaha zarIrI hotA hai| isI kI saMjJA 'puruSa' hai / isI ke liye 'bahutva' vizeSaNa prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / isI kA pratyakSa hotA hai; aura anumAna [ dvArA grahaNa karane ke liye 'saMghAta parArthatvAt' Adi pA~ca hetu batalAye gaye haiM / na ki pratyakSa se agamya, zuddha svarUpa ke grahaNa ke liye / ataH 'puruSabahutvaM siddha" pada se IzvarakRSNa kA abhiprAya baddha puruSa ke bahutva se hai, yahI mAnanA cAhie / 'jJa' kI trividhatA -- zrImadbhagavadgItA kI taraha, sAMkhyadarzana meM bhI puruSa kA traividhya mAnA gayA hai / ye tInoM rUpa haiM--1. nirlipta 'jJa', 2. baddhapuruSa - jIvAtmA, aura 3 muktAtmA / tattvakaumudI ke maMgalAcaraNa meM paM0 vAcaspati mizra ne yahI kahA hai ajAye tAM juSamANAM bhajante jahatyenAM muktabhogAM numastAn / yahA~ para mizra mahodaya ne bahuvacana ke prayoga se baddha / mukta donoM kA bahutva mAnA hai / baddha AtmAe~, anAdikAla se saMsAra meM haiM / yadi sabhI AtmAe~ baMdhI hI raha jAyeM, to 'nirlipta' 'triguNAtIta' jaise vizeSaNa zabdoM ke prayoga kA artha / Azaya kyA liyA jAyegA ? sAMkhyoM kI mAnyatA ke anusAra, mukta avasthA meM bhI, puruSa sattvaguNa se achUtA nahIM rahatA hai / isalie muktAvasthA meM bhI inhoMne 'puruSa' kI paraspara bhinnatA mAnI hai / yaha mAnyatA spaSTa karatI hai ki jise 'nirlipta' aura 'triguNAtIta' svabhAva vAlA kahA gayA hai, vaha baddha / mukta avasthAoM se bhinna, tIsarI, zuddha avasthA vAlA 'jJa' hI ho sakatA hai / isa taraha sAMkhyadarzana meM baddha / sAMsArika aura mukta AtmAoM kA bahutva, tathA zuddha svarUpa vAle 'jJa' kA ekatva mAnA jAnA, spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai| ina tInoM prakAroM / svarUpoM kA svataMtra astitva hai / jisase yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki sAMkhyadarzana meM baddha, mukta aura zuddha svarUpa meM jJa / puruSa kA traividhya mAnA gayA hai / jo zuddha svarUpa vAlA jJa / puruSa hai, usame aliGgatva, niravayavatva, svatantratva, atriguNatva, vivekitva, aviSayatva, asAmAnyatva, cetanatva, aprasavadharmitva, sAkSitva, kaivalya, mAdhyasthya, audAsInya, draSTRtva, kartRtva Adi sabhI dharma / guNa usake nirlipta hone para hI siddha ho pAte haiM / puruSa kA bandha-sAMkhya puruSa svabhAva se nirlipta nissaMga, triguNAtIta, nitya hai / avidyA bhI nitya hai aura ina donoM kA saMyoga bhI nitya hai / avidyA / prakRti jar3asvarUpa hai / isameM puruSa kA pratibimba jaba bhI pratibhAsita hone lagatA hai / jisase vaha niSkriya, nirlipta, nistraiguNya hone para bhI kartA, bhoktA aura Asakta jaisA jAna par3atA hai / prakRti-puruSa ke isa Aropita svarUpa ko hI sAMkhyoM ne 'bandha' mAnA hai / bandha-viccheda - prakRti / puruSa donoM ko hI apane-apane bandha kA abhAva / viccheda mAnA gayA hai / isI ko 'viveka buddhi' hai / isakI prakriyA nimnalikhita taraha se samajhI jA sakatI hai : 12 | caturtha khaNDa : jaina darzana, itihAsa aura sAhitya svarUpa kA jJAna ho jAnA, sAMkhyadarzana meM bhI kahA gayA hai / yahI puruSa kI 'mukti'

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sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha / 'jJAna' se avidyA kA nAza ho jAne para prakRti/puruSa apane-apane svarUpa ko jAnane lagate haiN| yaha jJAna hI vivekabuddhi utpanna karatA hai / vivekabuddhi utpanna ho jAne para puruSa apane nilipta nissaMga svarUpa kA anubhava karane meM samartha ho pAtA hai| isake pazcAt, jJAna ke alAvA dharma, adharma Adi sAta bhAvoM kA prabhAva jaba naSTa ho jAtA hai, tava, usake liye sRSTi kA koI artha nahIM raha jaataa| prakRti, isa uddezya ke pUrNa ho jAne para virata ho jAtI hai / aura puruSa, 'kaivalya' ko prApta kara letA hai| kintu, prArabdha karmoM aura pUrvajanmoM ke saMskAroM ke kAraNa, kaivalya pAte hI zarIra naSTa nahIM hotA; ataH ina karmoM kA bhoga kara lene ke bAda, saMskAroM kA vinAza ho jAne para zarIra bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai| taba, puruSa ko 'videha kaivalya' prApta ho pAtA hai| yAnI vivekabuddhi prApta ho jAne para bhI, jIva kA zarIra taba taka calatA rahatA hai, jaba taka usake prArabdha karmoM kA upabhogapUrvaka kSaya nahIM ho jaataa| isI ke bAda, vaha nirapekSa, sAkSI, draSTA hokara, prakRti ko dekhatA huA bhI usake bandhana meM phira se nahIM bNdhtaa| advaita/zAGkara vedAnta meM Atma-cintana advaita vedAnta meM pAramArthika dRSTi se, ekamAtra tattva 'brahma', 'AtmA' hai / vaha AnandasvarUpa vAlA hai / brahma se bhinna anya saba kucha 'ajJAna'/'mAyA' kahA gayA hai / yahA~ para mAyA/avastu kA jJAna Avazyaka / tAki 'vasta' tattva/'AtmA' 'avasta' se pRthaka ho ske| avasta ke jJAna ke binA. mana-vANI se agocara vastu/AtmA kA jJAna sAmAnya janoM ko nahIM ho paataa| zAGkara vedAnta meM brahma ke alAvA anya sAre padArtha 'asat' haiN| ina saba kA Aropa brahma meM TotA hai| yAnI. isa Aropa kA adhiSThAna AdhAra 'brahmA' hotA hai| mAyA. apanI vikSepa zakti ke dvArA jo sarjanA karatI hai, vaha mAyika/bhrAnta hotI hai| brahmarUpa adhiSThAna se jo jitane bhI kArya hote haiM, sirpha ve hI nahIM, balki sampUrNa jagat brahma kA hI 'vivarta' hai, yaha mAnA gayA hai| caitanya ke do rUpa--sarvavyApI cetana brahma, eka nivizeSa tattva ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| isake svarUpa ke do prakAra batalAye gaye haiM--(1) caitanyarUpa (2) maayaa/upaadhiruup| ina donoM rUpoM se hI AkAza Adi kI sRSTi hotI hai / isa sRSTi meM, jaba upAdhiyukta caitanya kI pradhAnatA hotI hai, taba sRSTi kA nimitta kAraNa caitanya hotA hai / aura jaba mAyA rUpa upAdhi kI pradhAnatA hotI hai, taba mAyA upAdhi viziSTa catanya ko saSTi kA upAdAna kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai| ____ jIvasvarUpa-yahA~ vijJAnamaya koSa se AvRta caitanya ko 'jIva' pada se kahA gayA hai / caitanya, cUMki - vyApaka, niSkriya, vibhu aura sarvatrasthita mAnA gayA hai| usameM gamana-Agamana Adi kriyAyeM nahIM hotii| isaliye yahA~, vastutaH vijJAnamaya koza hI caitanya kI sahAyatA se iha/paraloka ko prApta hotA hai| yahI jIvAtmA kartA, bhoktA, sukhI, duHkhI hotA hai / baddha hone se, yahI mukti ko prApta karatA hai| advaita darzana meM jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA kA tAdAtmya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| upAdhi bala se donoM meM jo bheda hai, vaha kalpita hai| isa upAdhi ke naSTa ho jAne para, jIvAtmA apanA svarUpa prApta kara letA hai| yahI to brahma/paramAtmA kA svarUpa hai / 'tattvamasi' isa mahAvAkya ke dvArA, yahI saba bhalI-bhA~ti batalAyA gayA hai| ... :: HH::::::: 50. sAMkhya kArikA-37 51. sAMkhya kArikA-65 52. saccidAnandaM brahma, AnandaM brahmaNo vidyAt / bhAratIya darzanoM meM Atma-tattva : DaoN0 ema0 pI0 paTairiyA | 13 H www.IE

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sAdhvIratnapuSpavatI abhinandana grantha jainadarzana meM AtmavicAra jaina darzana jagat ko mUlataH 'jIva' aura 'ajIva' do tattvoM meM vibhAjita karatA hai| 'AtmA'| 'cetana' ko 'jIva' kahA gayA hai| 'jIva' ke/'baddha' aura 'mukta' do sAmAnya bheda kahe gaye haiN| janma-mRtyu ke cakra meM saMsaraNa karatA huA aura isI meM anurakta 'jIva' vividha karmoM ko karatA hai aura 'bandha' ko prApta hotA hai / karmabandhana se yukta jIva ko 'baddha'/'saMsAro' kahA jAtA hai| jinhoMne bandha ko naSTa kara diyA, ve 'mukta' jIva haiN| ___ jIva-svarUpa-traikAlika jIvana guNa se yukta hone se 'jIva' saMjJA sArthaka kahI gaI hai| 'jIvana' kA AdhAra dazavidha 'prANa' batalAye gaye haiN| yaha vyavahAra dRSTi hai| nizcaya dRSTi se, jisameM 'cetanA' pAyI jAye, vaha 'jIva' hai / jainadarzana meM cetanA ko 'bhAvaprANa' bhI kahA gayA hai| ___ jIva kA lakSaNa-jainadarzana meM jIva kA lakSaNa 'upayoga' kahA gayA hai| upayoga, cetanA kA anuvidhAyi pariNAma hotA hai / ise 'jJAna' aura 'darzana' nAma se do bhedoM vAlA batalAyA gayA hai| ina donoM ke dhAraka ko 'jIva' kahA jAtA hai| jIva ke guNa-svarUpa-lakSaNa ke anusAra jIva 'upayogamaya' hai| isameM rahane vAlI cetanA/upayoga meM saMkoca/vistAra kI sAmarthya hotI hai| isaliye vaha cIMTI aura hAthI jaise zarIroM meM, unakI deha ke pramANa meM, rahatA hai / isaliye use 'svadehapramANa' mAnA gyaa| anAdi karmabandha ke kAraNa, vaha nAnAvidha karmoM ko karatA hai, aura unake phaloM ko bhI bhogatA hai| ataH vaha 'kartA' aura 'bhoktA' bhI hai| arUpI hone ke kAraNa use 'amUrta' mAnA gayA / aura vaha, svabhAvataH 'UrdhvagaganazIla' hai| saMsArAvasthA se 'mukta' ho jAne para use 'siddha' kahA jAtA hai / jIva kA dravyatva-'jIva' meM acetana padArthoM kI taraha, 'pradeza' aura 'avayatra' bhI mAne gaye haiN| use, isI kAraNa 'astikAya' kahA gyaa| usameM pratikSaNa parimamana kriyA hotI rahatI hai| vaha apane mUlarUpa/guNoM ko nahIM chodd'taa| ye utsAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya, usameM sadA pAye jAte haiN| ina kAraNoM se ise bhI eka dravya mAnA gyaa| AtmA kA lakSaNa-jaina vAGamaya meM 'atati/gacchati iti AtmA' rUpa meM 'AtmA' kI paribhASA dI gaI hai| 'gamana' arthavAlI dhAtue~ jJAnArthaka bhI hotI haiM / isalie, jo 'jJAna' Adi guNoM meM A-samantAt rahatA hai, athavA, utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvyarUpa trika ke sAtha, jo samagrataH rahatA hai, vaha 'AtmA' hai / AtmA ke bheda-dravyAthika naya kI apekSA se AtmA 'eka' hai| kintu, paryAyAthika naya kI dRSTi se pariNAmAtmaka hone ke kAraNa, isake tIna prakAra mAne gaye haiM-bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA / saMsArI AtmA jIva, zarIra Adi para-dravyoM meM 'Atmabuddhi' rakhatA hai| ataH vaha 'bahirAtmA' hai60 / jaba, usakI yaha para-buddhi dUra ho jAtI hai, yAnI usake 'mithyAtva' ke miTa jAne para, usameM 'samyaktva' A jA hai, taba vaha 'antarAtmA' bana jAtA hai / antarAtmA ke bhI 'uttama' 'madhyama' aura 'jaghanya' tIna prakAra haiN| B.TECTEm 53. tattvArtharAjavArtika-2/10/1 56. dravyasaMgraha-23, 24 59. mokSaprAbhRta-4 54. vahI -1/4/7 55. tattvArtharAjavAtika-2/8/1 57. paJcAstikAya--9/12/13 58. bahavvya sagraha-57 60. adhyAtma kamalamArtaNDa-3/12 61. vahI-3/12 14 | caturtha khaNDa : jaina darzana, itihAsa aura sAhitya www.jainelibe

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sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha 'paramAtmA', 'sakala' aura 'vikala' bheda se, do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai| sarvajJa/arhanta ko 'sakala paramAtmA' aura 'siddha' 'parameSThI' ko 'vikala paramAtmA' batAyA gayA hai| bandha prakriyA-jainadArzanikoM ne mana, vacana aura kAya meM 'spandana'/kriyA mAnI hai| ise ve 'yoga' kahate haiM / rAga-dveSa ke nimitta se, jaba-jaba bhI ye spandana hote haiM, taba, hara spandana ke dvArA, eka acetana dravya/karmaparamANu, bIjarUpa meM, jIva meM praveza kara jAtA hai / aura, AtmA ke sAtha cipaka baMdhakara raha jAtA hai| samaya Ane para, yahI sukha/duHkha dene meM samartha ho jAtA hai| isI ko 'karma' aura 'karmabandha' samajhanA cAhie / jIva ke rAga-dveSa Adi vAsanAe~, tathA karmabandha kI paramparA bIja-vRkSa kI taraha anAdi haiN| rAga-dveSapUrvaka hone vAle mana-vANI-zarIra ke rapadanoM se naye-naye karmoM kA bandha hotA hai| yahA~, rAga-dveSa kI utpatti se 'bhAvAsrava', aura ina donoM se yukta. parispandana ke sAtha bIjarUpa karmapudgala ke praveza ko 'dravyAsrava' kahA jAtA hai| bhAvAsrava se "bhAvabandha' aura 'dravyAsava' se 'dravyabandha' hotA hai / isake ___ alAvA mizyAtva' 'avirati' 'pramAda' aura 'kaSAya' ko badha kA pramukha kAraNa mAnA ga bandhakAraNoM se AtmA ke mUlaguNa/dharma prabhAvita hote haiN| jisase vaha 'parabhAva' pariNati karatA huA, saMsArAvasthA ko aura sudRr3ha banAtA rahatA hai| mokSa-jo karma, AtmA ke sAtha cipake baMdhe haiM, unakA sarvathA uccheda /vinAza ho jAnA 'mokSa' hai / karmabandha kA vinAza ho jAne para AtmA svataMtra ho jAtA hai| aura apanI zuddha avasthA ko prApta kara letA hai| mokSa prakriyA-jainadarzana, karmabandha vinAza/mokSa kI prakriyA ko 'saMvara' aura 'nirjarA' rUpa meM, do caraNoM meM bA~TatA hai / prathama caraNa meM, naye-naye karmoM ko baMdhane se rokanA, aura dUsare caraNa meM, pUrva meM baMdhe karmoM kA uccheda karanA, vihita kiyA gayA hai| dazavaikAlika sUtra, sthAnAGga sUtra aura dazAzrutaskaMdha meM mokSa-prakriyA karma-viccheda kA krama varNita hai / inakA sAMrAza isa taraha hai| jIva, rAga-dveSa aura mithyAtva ko jItakara jJAna-darzana-cAritra kI ArAdhanA meM tatpara hotA hai / aura, ATha prakAra kI karmagraMthiyoM ko bhedane chedane kA prayatna karatA hai / isa prayAsa meM vaha sarvaprathama mohanIya karma kI aTThAisa prakRtiyoM ko naSTa karatA hai| phira, pA~ca prakAra ke jJAnAvaraNIya, nau prakAra ke darzanAvaraNIya, aura pA~ca prakAra ke antarAya karmoM kA yugapat eka sAtha kSaya karatA hai| isake bAda, usameM AvaraNa rahita, ananta aura paripUrNa kevalajJAna-darzana utpanna hote haiN| ina donoM kA sadbhAva hone taka jJAnAvaraNIya Adi cAroM ghanaghAti karmoM kA vinAza ho cukA hotA hai| isI avasthA meM use 'sarvajJa'/'arhanta/kevalI' jaise nAmoM se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai / isI avasthA ko vedAnta kI 'jIvanmukta' avasthA jaisA kaha sakate haiM / isake uparAnta jaba kevalI/sarvajJa kI Ayu kA mAtra eka muhUrta zeSa raha jAtA hai, taba, vaha sabase pahale apane mAnasika spandana ko rokatA hai, phira vANI aura zarIra ke spandana ko, aura zvAsocchvAsa ko rokakara, zukladhyAna kI caturtha zreNI-zailezIkaraNa meM sthita ho jAtA hai| iiiiiiiiiiHPiIFE: HHHHH 62. samAdhitatra-5 64. karmaprakRti-prastAvanA, 66. tattvArthasUtra-sarvArthasiddhi-1/4 68. sthAnAGgasUtra-3/3/190] 63. tattvArthasUtra-6/1 65. paJcAstikAya-147 67. dazavakAlikasUtra-4/14-25, 69. dazAzrutaskandha-5/1/3,5/11,16 bhAratIya darzanoM meM Atma-tattva : DaoN0 ema0 pI0 paTairiyA | 15

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sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha dhyAna kI yaha sthiti, pA~ca hrasva akSaroM ke uccAraNa kAla jitane samaya meM, 'vedanIya' 'AyuSya' 'nAma' aura 'gotra' cAra aghAti karmoM kA, eka sAtha kSaya kara detI hai| phalataH, sampUrNa karmoM kA kSaya ho jAne ke sAtha-sAtha audArika, kArmaNa aura taijasa zarIroM se bhI, use hamezA-hamezA ke liye mukti prApta ho jAtI hai / aba, vaha apanI svAbhAvika Urdhvagati se lokAgra taka pahuMcatA hai, aura 'siddha'/'mukta' vana kara Thahara jAtA hai701 Atma-siddhAntoM kA samAlocana cArvAka-cArvAka mAnyatA ke AcArya mUlataH pratyakSavAdI the| unake anusAra pRthivI-jala-teja aura vAyu, ina cAroM bhUtoM se hI sRSTi kI saMracanA, aura deha kI utpatti hotI hai| deha meM caitanya kA samAveza bhI, inhIM cAroM ke saMyoga se hotA hai / isa taraha, inake anusAra, caitanya-viziSTa deha hI 'AtmA' aura isase bhinna AtmA kA koI astitva nahIM hai| strI. patra, dhana, sampatti Adi se milane vAlA sakha hI svargasakha hai / aura loka vyavahAra meM mAnyatA prApta 'rAjA' hI 'paramezvara' hai| tathA, deha kA nAza ho jAnA hI 'mokSa' hai| cArvAka kI mAnyatA hai-'jo dikhalAI detA hai, vahI vizvasanIya hai'| isa mAnyatA ke anusAra, dRzyamAna jar3a padArtha hI vizvasanIya Thaharate haiN| 'AtmA' 'Izvara'/'paramAtmA', punarjanma Adi tathA Astika darzanoM meM mAne gaye jo tattva indriyagamya nahIM haiM, ve bhI, adRzya hone ke kAraNa vizvasanIya nahIM haiN| aise padArthoM ke prati jijJAsA ko cArvAkAcArya kapolakalpanA/murkhatA mAnate haiN| yahI inakA jar3avAdI bhUtavAdI siddhAnta hai| bhUtavAda' ke anusAra, pratyeka vastu, pahale jar3a/acetana avasthA meM rahatI hai| bAda meM, unake sammela se, usameM cetanA utpanna ho jAtI hai| yAnI, svabhAvataH jar3a padArthoM kA pariNAma 'cetanA' hai| yahA~ jo cetana tattva mAnA gayA hai, vaha jJAna, buddhi aura anubhava se yukta hai| isa dRSTi se, aba taka kI sampUrNa sRSTi-prakriyA meM, ekamAtra manuSya hI mahAnatama hai / phira bhI use zAzvata nahIM kahA jA sakatA / kyoMki vaha, deza/kAla kI sImitatA meM pariveSTita hai / ataeva, vaha ekadezIya aura nazvara hai| vastutaH, vaha aise hI tattvoM se utpanna mAnA gayA hai| isa dehAtmavAda ke bAre meM AcArya zaGkara kA kahanA hai- 'deha hI AtmA hai' yaha pratIti hI jIvAtmA ke samasta kAryoM/vyApAroM meM mUla kAraNa hotI hai / AtmA ko deha se bhinna mAnane vAle bhI vyAvahArika rUpa meM, dehAtmavAdI siddha hote haiN| kintu, yahA~ pUrva ullikhita vivecanoM se yaha spaSTa hai, ki cArvAkoM ke alAvA, anya samasta tattvajJoM ne, AtmA kA svarUpa, deha se bhinna hI mAnA hai| bauddha-bauddhadarzana meM jIva, jagat aura janma ke viSaya meM 'pratItya samutpAda' ke AdhAra para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| yaha eka madhyamamArgIya siddhAnta hai / isake anusAra, eka ora to vastu samUha ke astitva ke bAre meM koI sandeha nahIM mAnA gayA hai| kintu, 've vastue~ nitya haiM' yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kyoMki, unakI utpatti, anyAzrita mAnI gaI hai| dUsarI ora, vastu samUha kA pUrNa vinAza nahIM mAnA gyaa| balki, mAnA yaha gayA, unakA astitva, vinAza ke bAda bhI, isa saMsAra meM rahatA hai| isa taraha, bastutattva, na to pUrNatayA nitya hai, na hI sarvathA vinAzazIla hai| 72 / 70. uttarAdhyayana-20/71/73, 71. zAMkarabhASya kI prastAvanA aura samanvya sUtra bhASya ke anta meM : 72. bhAratIya darzana-DaoN0 rAdhAkRSNan, pR0 351 1.6 | caturtha khaNDa : jaina darzana, itihAsa aura sAhitya www.jainelibrary

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sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha -..-. ..--------- ---- - - -------- - ----- -- buddha ke isa siddhAnta meM 'AtmA' ko koI sthAna nahIM hai| upaniSatka AtmA kI taraha, inakA AtmA bhI na to nitya hai, na hI avinAzI hai| balki, inakI dRSTi meM 'AtmavAda' mahA-avidyA rUpa hai| isI avidyA ke kAraNa, jIvAtmA dvAdaza avasthAoM ke bhavacakra meM paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| rUpa-vedanA-saMjJA-saMskAra aura vijJAna, ina pA~coM ke samaha/saMghAta rUpa meM AtmA ko mAnane ke siddhAnta meM, koI vAstavikatA nahIM jAna pdd'to| kyoMki, buddha ke mata meM, jagat ke sArabhUta ukta paJcaskandha bhI anityAtmaka haiM, aura duHkhasvarUpa haiN| paJcaskandha ke viSaya meM 'idaM madIyam' 'ayamaham' 'ayaM mamAtmA' Adi prakAra kI kalpanA bhI sarvathA anucita jAna par3atI hai| kyoMki ve, roga/bAdhAgrasta aura kSaNika haiN| isalie unheM 'AtmapadavAcI' na mAnakara 'duHkhapadavAcI' mAnA jaayegaa| isase bhI Age, bauddhoM ne yahA~ taka spaSTa kahA hai-'inake dvArA mAnava jAti kA koI bhI kalyANa sambhava nahIM hotA / phira unake UhApoha kI AvazyakatA hI kyA hai ?' isa taraha unhoMne paJcaskandha se utpanna 'zarIra', aura usameM sthita 'AtmA' ko bhI avAstavika ThaharAyA hai| buddha se pahale, dArzanika jagat meM AtmA kA jo sthAna thA, aura usase sambandhita, paramparAgata jo siddhAnta maujUda the, unakA manana karane ke bAda, unhoMne yaha niSkarSa diyA-'zarIra hI AtmA hai'yaha eka ekAnta kathana hai| 'zarIra se AtmA bhinna hai'-yaha dUsarA ekAnta kathana hai| ina donoM kathanoM se pare rahane vAlA, madhyama mArga rUpI siddhAnta yaha hai-'nAmarUpa se SaDAyatana, SaDAyatanoM se sparza, sparza se vedanA, vedanA se tRSNA, tRSNA se upAdAna, upAdAna se bhava, bhava se jAti, aura jAti se jarA-maraNa kI utpatti hotI hai| utpatti kA yahI krama hai| isa taraha buddha ne zAzvatavAda ucchedavAda kI ativAditA se dUra rahakara kahA hai- 'jagat meM duHkha, sukha, janma, maraNa, bandha, mokSa Adi sabhI haiM; kintu, inakA AdhArabhUta koI AtmA nahIM hai / ye sArI avasthAe~, eka dUsarI naI avasthA ko utpanna karake naSTa hotI rahatI haiN| pUrva avasthAoM meM se kisI bhI avasthA kA na to sarvathA uccheda hotA hai, na hI vaha sarvathA sthAyI rahatI hai / yAnI pUrva avasthA kA astitva hI uttaravarto avasthA ko utpanna karatA hai / vaivika siddhAnta-jisa vidhAna se prakRti ke niyama zAsita haiM, vaha dharma-vidhAna hai / jahA~ yaha dharmavidhAna hai, vahA~ isake niyAmaka kisI 'cetana' kI svIkRti bhI Avazyaka ho jAtI hai| jar3a pravAha rUpa jagat vyApAra kA saMcAlaka, kalyANI buddhi se sampanna cetana puruSa hI ho sakatA hai| yaha karma-jagat, usI dharmapravaNa/vicArazIla ke AdhIna hai| vahI isa jagat kA niyantA, zAstA, adhiSThAtA hai / vedoM meM, isI cetana puruSa kA sAkSAtkAra nirdiSTa hai| use, yahA~ 'devatA' nAma se kahA gayA hai| ye vaidika devatA adRSTa zakti rUpa caitanya ke vibhinna rUpoM meM vidyamAna haiN| unheM vizvaniyantA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| vedoM meM 'bahudevavAda' aura 'ekadevavAda' rUpa meM, devavAda ke do rUpa vidyamAna haiM / vedAnta meM jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA kA aikya jisa taraha se pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, usakA mUla rUpa vedoM meM kahIM-kahIM dikhAI de jAtA hai / Rgveda meM aise vizleSaNa, apekSAkRta adhika haiM / 73 advaita vedAnta meM brahma aura mAyA ke dvaita kI jo kalpanA kI gaI hai, usakA digdarzana, isa zrutavAkya meM spaSTa dikhalAI detA hai - 73. Rgveda--2/3/23/46, 3/7/14/5 74. vahI-4/7/33/18 bhAratIya darzanoM meM Atma-tattva : DaoN0 ema0 pI0 paTairiyA | 17

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sAdhvI ratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha rUpaM rUpaM pratirUpo babhUva tadasya rUpaM praticakSaNAya / indro mAyAbhiH puru rUpa Iyate yuktA hyasya harayaH zatAdaza / / arthAt, sarvavyApaka citsvarUpa paramAtmA, pratyeka zarIra meM nihita buddhi meM pratibimbita hotA huA, jIvabhAva ko prApta hotA hai / jaise- ghar3e meM sthita jala meM pratibimbita AkAza, ghaTAkAra / ghaTabhAva ko prApta karatA hai / upaniSaddhAnta - upaniSadoM meM AtmA ko ajanmA, nitya, zAzvata aura purAtana kahA gayA hai| janma maraNa se rahita yaha AtmA zarIra kA nAza ho jAne para bhI astitva meM rahatA hai / usameM koI vikAra utpanna nahIM hotA / yahI tathya yamarAja dvArA naciketA ko diye gaye upadeza meM spaSTa huA hai| upaniSadoM kA brahma bhI sat, vyApI, nitya, ananta, zuddha aura cetana hai / yaha samasta AtmAoM kA AtmA hai / isI se jagat kA vistAra hotA hai aura astitva vanA rahatA hai / jagat kA sampUrNa vilaya bhI isI meM rahatA hai / prakRti aura isakI zaktiyA~, brahma ke hI aMza haiM / isa taraha upaniSadoM kA brahma samasta prANiyoM meM antarbhUta, kiMvA vizvarUpa hai / upaniSadoM ke adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki vahA~ 'jIva' (saMsArI - AtmA) vaiyaktika AtmA hai / 'AtmA' to 'paramAtmA' hai hI / ye donoM, kramazaH andhakAra / prakAza rUpa haiM / inameM jIvAtmA anubhavayukta hai / ataH vaha pUrvakRta karmoM ke phalabandha se vaha ba~dhA rahatA hai / jabaki AtmA, 'nitya' aura 'karmabandhamukta' hai / isa taraha ke AtmA kA uddezya AtmajJAna prApta karanA, aura bAda meM apane bandhanoM tathA dvaitabhAva tor3a chor3akara apane vAstavika svarUpa, paramAtmatva kA sAnnidhya prApta karanA hotA hai / ananta karmabandha se ba~dhe hue jIva kI mukti ke liye, mokSa mArga kA nirdeza dete hue kahA gayA hai - ' heturUpa brahma kI upAsanA se vizuddha mokSa, aura kAryarUpa jagat kI upAsanA se mokSarUpa phala ( karmaphala ) prApta hotA hai / jo ina donoM tathyoM ko yugapat jAnatA hai, vaha 'mRtyu' / 'asambhUti' ko jItakara, 'mokSa' / 'sambhUti' ko prApta karatA hai| 76 isa taraha, bhAratIya tattvavidyA kI srota rUpa upaniSadoM meM, jIvana kI vibhinna dhArAoM kA varNana, eka mahodadhi meM vilaya kI taraha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| yAnI, anekatA meM ekatA kI sthApanA kI gaI hai / inakA mukhya mahatva yaha hai ki ye upaniSat, mAnavatA ke lie zreyaskara / hitakara, donoM hI prakAra ke tattvoM kA samAnatA ke sAtha pratipAdana karatI haiM / nyAyadarzana - nyAyadarzana meM AtmA ko sparza Adi guNoM se rahita, jJAna / caitanya kA armUta Azraya, aura nirAkAra svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / vaha deza / kAla ke bandhana se mukta, sImAtIta, vibhu aura nitya hai / va indriyoM kA upabhoktA bhI hai / mana ko, AtmA aura indriyoM kA saMdezavAhaka mAnA gayA hai aura buddhi ko AtmA kA guNa / isa taraha AtmA, zarIra, indriya, mana aura buddhi se bhinna hai / zarIra ke sAtha AtmA kA saMyoga 'pUrvakRta' ke upabhoga ke lie hotA hai / isalie naiyAyika zarIra ko AtmA kA 'bhogAyatana' mAnate haiM / nyAya-siddhAntoM ke anusAra, anAdikAla se hI eka-eka jIva kA mana ke sAtha saMyoga hai / isa 76. IzopaniSad - 12/14 75. kaThopaniSad - 1/2/12 18 | caturtha khaNDa : jaina darzana, itihAsa aura sAhitya wwww.jaithelib

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sAdhvAratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha saMyoga kA hetu 'avidyA' hai| yaha jIva, ananta zarIroM meM bhramaNa, mana ke sAtha karatA hai| mukta avasthA meM bhI yaha mana, pratyeka avasthA ke sAtha rahatA hai / isI kAraNa, eka AtmA ko dUsarI AtmAoM se bhinna mAnA gayA hai / Azaya yaha hai ki jIva 'mana' se kabhI bhI mukta nahIM hotA / 'jIva' vyApaka hai, kintu mana ke saMyoga ke kAraNa vaha 'avyApaka' jaisA jAna par3atA hai; aura isI ke saMyoga ke kAraNa, anAdi karmasaMskAroMvaza, eka zarIra se dUsare zarIra meM praviSTa hotA rahatA hai / yadyapi samasta duHkhoM kA vinAza ho jAne para, AtmA kA 'mukta' ho jAnA naiyAyikoM ne mAnA hai; kintu, mana se ise mukti nahIM mila pAtI / isa kAraNa, saMsArAvasthA meM sthita AtmA aura mukta avasthA meM sthita AtmA meM sirpha yaha antara hotA hai ki saMsArAvasthA meM, isake jJAna- sukha-duHkha Adi guNa utpanna hote rahate haiM; mukta avasthA meM ye guNa utpanna nahIM hote, kintu usa avasthA meM, ina guNoM kI svarUpayogyatA to usameM rahatI hI hai / isa taraha AtmA ko saMsArAvasthA meM dUsare dravyoM se pRthak mAnane meM, usake 'guNAstitva' ko, aura mukta avasthA meM ina guNoM kI 'svarUpa yogyatA' kA pRthaktva sAdhaka mAnA gayA hai / isase, yaha spaSTa sakatA hai ki mukta jIva meM bhI 'svarUpa yogyatA' jaisI saMsArAvasthA rahatI hai / yadi usa mukta jIva ko, kisI taraha zarIra Adi sAdhana vahA~ mila jAyeM, to usameM aura saMsArI jIva meM, koI pharka na raha jAye / mImAMsA siddhAnta-mImAMsA darzana meM 'AtmA' zarIra, indriya Adi se bhinna aura 'nitya' hai / 'yajamAnaH svargaM yAti' isa taraha ke zrutivAkyoM meM 'yajamAna' zabda se usakA 'zarIra' grahaNa nahIM kiyA jAtA, varan usakA 'jIvAtmA' hI grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai / zarIra ke naSTa ho jAne para, usake dvArA kiye gaye zubha-azubha karmoM kA saMcaya AtmA meM ho jAtA hai / karmoM ke isI saMgraha se, dUsare janma meM AtmA 'sazarIrI' banatA hai aura pUrva meM kie gae karmoM kA phala bhogatA hai / yaha AtmA 'nitya' hone ke kAraNa, janma-maraNa ke bandhana se mukta mAnA gayA | kintu use 'kartA' 'bhoktA' bhI mAnA gayA hai / 'ahaM' anubhUti ke dvArA use pratyakSa se jAnA jA sakatA hai / vaha vibhu hai, jJAtA hai, aura jJeya bhI hai / yaha darzana, pratyeka zarIra meM pRthak-pRthak AtmAoM ko mAnatA hai aura unameM maujUda 'caitanya' ko yaha 'aupAdhika' guNa mAnatA hai / jaba yaha mukta / suSupta avasthA meM hotA hai, taba ye aupAdhika guNa usameM nahIM rahate / isalie, AtmA jar3arUpa ho jAtA hai / 'jar3a' hone ke kAraNa vaha 'bodhya' bhI ho jAtA hai / yadi pratyeka zarIra meM sthita AtmAoM ko eka mAna liyA jAye, to eka 'jIva' dvArA kie gaye karmoM kA phala, dUsare jIvoM ko bhI bhoganA par3e / cUMki 'karma' aura 'karmaphala' kI vivecanA, mImAMsakoM kA mukhya pratipAdya hai / isI kI vyavasthA ke lie, pratyeka zarIra meM AtmA kI bhinnatA svIkAra kI gaI hai / prabhAkara ke mata meM bhI AtmA jar3a svabhAva vAlA hai / kintu usakA 'jJAna' 'svaprakAzaka' hai| prabhAkara kI yaha vivecanA, bhaTTa kI apekSA zreSTha aura buddhiyukta jAna par3atI hai / mImAMsakoM ne, naiyAyikoM kI hI taraha, AtmA kA 'bahutva', aura mukta avasthA meM bhI use 'svatantra' tathA 'eka dUsare se bhinna' mAnA hai / sAMkhya-siddhAnta--sAMkhyadarzana meM eka cetana tattva 'puruSa' aura dUsarA acetana tattva 'prakRti' hai / anAdikAla se avidyA ke saMsarga se prakRti-puruSa donoM kA paraspara sambandha hai / isase puruSa kA prativimba prakRti meM nirantara par3atA rahatA hai | cetana ke isa pratibimba samparka se, prakRti meM cetana jaisI bhAratIya darzanoM meM Atma-tattva : DaoN0 ema0 pI0 paTairiyA | 16 www.jain

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sAdhvIratna puSpavatI abhinandana grantha sAmarthya A jAtI hai| puruSa ke pratibimba se prabhAvita prakRti ke guNoM kA Aropa puruSa meM bhI ho jAtA hai| jisase, svabhAvataH nilipta, traiguNyarahita, asaMgI puruSa svayaM ko karttA/bhoktA Adi rUpoM meM anubhUta karane lagatA hai / ina donoM meM paraspara adhyAsita Aropa, jaba jJAna ke dvArA naSTa hote haiM, taba, puruSa, apane ko prakRti se bhinna anubhava karane laga jAtA hai| prakRti bhI puruSa kA parityAga kara detI hai, aura usake lie kI jAne vAlI sarjanA, se virAma le letI hai| isI ko 'viveka buddhi'/'bhedabuddhi'/'kaivalya prApti' kahA gayA hai| isI se duHkhoM kI Atyantika nivRtti hotI hai| ataH vivekabuddhi utpanna ho jAne ke pazcAt puruSa apane svarUpa meM sthita rahakara hI prakRti ko dekhatA hai| usake bandhana meM phira nahIM aataa| 'puruSa' kI yahI mokSAvasthA hai| sAMkhyoM ne mukta avasthA meM bhI 'puruSa' ko prakRti kA darzaka mAnA hai| isa mAnyatA se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki mukta-avasthA meM vaha na to prakRti se sarvathA 'mukta' ho pAtA hai, na hI sattvaguNa se / kyoMki usameM sattvaguNa kA, kucha na kucha aMza bacA hI rahatA hai / isake binA usameM dekhane kI sAmarthya nahIM A sktii| aura, jaba vaha vahA~ dekhane meM lIna hotA hai, taba, usameM tamoguNa kA bhI abhibhava avazya ho jAtA hai 178 sAMkhyadarzana mAnatA hai ki guNa, paraspara abhibhava kA sahArA lekara, mizrita rUpa se hI apanA vyavahAra/vyApAra karate haiM / phira sattva aura tama donoM hI guNoM meM, punaH eka dUsare ko abhibhUta karane kI AzaMkA banI rahatI hai| isa sthiti meM, yaha kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ki mukta puruSa ko duHkhoM kI Atyantika/ekAntika rUpa se duHkhoM se nivRtti mila jAtI hai ? vaise bhI sAMkhyadarzana meM kisI vastu kA sarvathA abhAva nahIM mAnA gyaa| apitu, padArtha ke eka rUpa se dUsarA rUpa pariNamita hotA dekhA jAtA hai| isI taraha. makta avasthA meM bhI koI sthiti aisI nahIM mAnI jA sakatI. jisameM tamoga abhAva ho sakatA ho / vAcaspati mizra ne bhI yahI Azaya tattva kaumudI meM vyakta kiyA hai / sAMkhyadarzana puruSa meM jisa vivekakhyAti/bhedabuddhi kI prApti ko muktirUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai, vaha khyAti/buddhi sattvaguNa rUpa hI hotI hai| isalie mukta avasthA meM yadi khyAti/buddhi kI maujUdagI mAnI jAtI hai, to vahA~ sattvaguNa kI bhI sthiti avazya mAnI jaayegii| isase usakA prakRti ke sAtha sambandha bhI avazya sambhAvita ho jAtA hai / isa dRSTi se, yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki sAMkhyoM kA puruSa, mukta avasthA meM bhI vastutaH prakRti se mukta nahIM ho paataa| ___ advata-siddhAnta-buddhi, mana, ahaMkAra, citta, antaHkaraNa kI vRttiyoM aura pA~ca jJAnendriyoM ke saMyoga se vijJAnamaya koza kI, tathA usase AvRta caitanya jIva kI utpatti hotI hai| isa mAnyatA ke anusAra 'zarIra' aura 'AtmA' donoM ko hI 'jIva' mAnakara, use 'Izvara kA aMza' kahA gayA hai| mAyA kA pariNAma hone ke kAraNa, sthUla sUkSma zarIroM vAlA 'AtmA' hI 'jIva' kahA gayA hai| AtmA ke pratyeka vyavahAra meM svataHprAmANya mAnA gayA hai| yahI AtmA, Ananda-jJAnasvarUpa, sat, kUTastha nitya, zuddha, buddha aura mukta tathA jJAtA hai / isa mAnyatA meM 'AtmA' aura 'brahma' kI ekatA spaSTa hai| pratyaka yaktigata AtmA hI buddhi, mana Adi kI vRttiyoM se AvRta cetanA hai| jabaki 'brahma' vizaddha. vinirmakta cetanA hai / mAyA kA vazIbhUta huA aura antaHkaraNa kI vRttiyoM se Abaddha brahma hI AtmarUpa ko prApta hotA hai / jaise ghaTa ke chinna-bhinna ho jAne para ghaTAkAza, bAhyAkAza meM sammilita hokara, usI jaisA ho jAtA hai / isI taraha, AtmA aura paramAtmA meM bhI koI antara nahIM hai| 77. sAMkhyakArikA - tattvakaumudI--(mAttvikayA-bhedo'ntyeva) 65 78. vahI- (anyonyAbhibhavA0) 12 79. vahI-tattva kaumudI-1 20 | caturtha khaNDa : jaina darzana, itihAsa aura sAhitya MH / ' www.jaineit

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sAdhvIratnapuSpavatI abhinandana grantha yaha dRzyamAna jagat mAyA kA vilAsa hai, isalie mithyA hai / saMzleSa' hI jIva kA 'vandha' hai| asatyarUpa sAMsArika padArtha, mAyA ke pariNAma se 'satya' jaise pratibhAsita hote haiN| kintu, jaba jIvAtmA kA paramAtmA ke sAtha sAkSAtkAra ho jAtA hai, tava usakA 'jIvatva' naSTa ho jAtA hai / yahI usake bandha kA vinAza hai / isake uparAnta, jIvAtmA kA brahma meM vilaya ho jAnA, usakA 'mokSa' hotA hai| avidyA ke kAraNa vaha 'brahmatva' se cyUta hokara 'jIvatva' ko prApta hotA hai| isI avidyA ke kAraNa 'aatmaa'| 'paramAtmA' meM, 'jIva'/'brahma' meM dvaita pratibhAsita hotA hai| jaina siddhAnta-jainadarzana, 'AtmA' ko eka svataMtra dravya ke rUpa meM mAnatA hai| usakI saMsArAvasthA, svayaM kI pravRttiyoM se utpanna karmabaMdha ke kAraNa utpanna hotI hai| 'karmabaMdha' kA hetu, usakA mithyAjJAna-darzana mAne gaye haiM / yaha hetu, usake pUrvajanmoM ke azubha-vyavahAroM se utpanna 'AvaraNIya' karmajanita hote haiN| AvaraNa, usake samyagjJAna-zraddhAna kI sAmarthya ko Dhaka lete haiN| jisase usakI pra para-padArthoM meM 'Atmaparaka' hone lagatI hai| yahI pravRtti, usake bhava-saMsaraNa kI saMcAlikA hotI hai| para-pravatti ke isa rahasya ko samajha lene vAlA jIvAtmA, apane meM se 'mithyAtva' ko haTAkara 'samyaktva' ko jAgRta karatA hai| jisase usakI pravRtti Atmaparaka hone lagatI hai| zanaiH zanaiH, vaha AtmaguNoM zaktiyoM ko prApta karane lagatA hai, aura baMdhe hue karmoM ko sarvathA naSTa kara lene ke bAda, vaha apanA zuddha svarUpa prApta kara letA hai / isa taraha, saMsArI jIvAtmga, paramAtmA bana jAtA hai| niSkarSa bhAratIya darzanoM ke Atmacintana kI samIkSA se yaha niSkarSa jJAta hote haiM (1) cArvAkAcAryoM ne 'AtmA' ko bhautika svarUpa ke atirikta use aura kucha nahIM maanaa| kintu, unakI mAnyatA meM mahatvapUrNa tattva yaha hai ki ve, AtmA kI aura sRSTi kI bhI utpatti, asata padArthoM se nahIM mAnate / unake siddhAntoM ke anusAra, yaha dRzyamAna jagat 'sat' hai| isakA sarvathA vinAza nahIM hotA / ise ve vAstavika, svAbhAvika aura prAkRtika mAnate haiM / (2) bauddhoM ne paJcaskandhAtmaka AtmA ke svarUpa kA jo varNana kiyA hai, usake anusAra AtmA kA koI svarUpa nizcita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| unakA jo 'pratItyasamutpAda' hai, vaha, vibhinna praznoM se vyathita mAnasa ko kSaNika tuSTi dene ke liye kalpita kiyA gayA vAgjAla mAtra jAna par3atA hai| kyoMki. jaba duHkha-sukha, janma-maraNa, bandha-mokSa Adi kA AdhArabhUta tattva hI koI na hogA, taba, kauna duHkha-sukha kA bhAgI hogA ? kauna janma lekara mRtyu ko prApta hogA? aura kauna acche bure karma-phaloM se bandhana ko prApta hogA ? isa sabase chuTakArA/mokSa bhI kauna prApta karegA? (3) vedoM meM, AtmavarNana ke rUpa meM 'bahudevavAda' yA 'ekezvaravAda' ke jo varNana milate haiM, unase yaha anumAna hotA hai ki jo RSi, jisa devatA ke prabhAva/kSatra meM rahA, usane, usI kA mAhAtmya vizeSa rUpa se vaNita kiyaa| devatAoM meM AtmA/paramAtmA kI jo parikalpanA kI gaI hai, usakA Azaya yahI jAna par3atA hai ki usa samaya ke logoM ke abhipreta padArtho kAmanAoM kI pUti, jina-jina devatAoM kI upAsanA se ho jAtI rahI, unhIM devatAoM ko unhoMne loka meM sarvazreSTha mAna liyaa| (4) upaniSatkAlIna maharSi, dina-rAta tattva-gaveSaNAoM meM tallIna rahe; unake jo anubhava, Aja hameM milate haiM, unameM, Aja ke aneka siddhAntoM ke bIja-bindu hI nahIM pAye jAte haiM, balki, una saba kI saiddhAntika vivecanA bhI spaSTataH dekhate haiM / jIvana aura jagata kI vyAkhyA, kisI eka tarIke se, ThIka ThIka nahIM kI jA sktii| kyoMki yaha jagat, yathArthataH anantadharmAtmaka hai| upaniSatkAlIna AcAryoM ne, bhAratIya darzanoM meM Atma-tattva : DaoN0 ema0 pI0 paTairiyA | 21 Nok www.

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sAdhvIratnapuSpavatI abhinandana grantha) jagat kI vyAkhyA, kaI dRSTikoNoM se kI hai| unakI isa paddhati meM, Aja ke hara taraha ke praznoM kA, aura unake samAdhAnoM kA nidarzana sahaja hI dekha sakate haiM / jagat ke eka-eka svarUpa kI vivecanA, aura usake svarUpa se jur3e praznoM ke utara Adi sabako milAkara, samudita rUpa se jaba taka vicAraNA/cintanA nahIM kI jAyegI, taba taka, jagat ke vizvarUpa kI kI jAne vAlI vyAkhyA/vivecanA meM samagratA nahIM A sktii| (5) naiyAyikoM ne jo Atma-vivecana kiyA hai, usameM AtmA ke sarvavidha duHkhoM kA abhAva 'mokSa' batalAyA gayA hai / kintu, vahA~/mokSa meM, AtmA ke sAtha 'mana' kA saMyoga banA rahatA hai| jisase use 'paramAtmA' kaise mAnA jA sakegA? usameM mana kI upasthiti se, sAMsArika pravRtti ke vidhAyaka avasaroM/ sAdhanoM ko nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| ataH unakI 'sAMsArikatA' aura 'mokSa'/'mukti' meM koI khAsa pharka nahIM jAna pdd'taa| (6) mImAMsAdarzana kI Atma-vivecanA ko dekhakara yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki eka to unakA AtmA 'jar3a' hai; dUsare, ve svarga se bhinna, kisI aise 'mokSa' ko nahIM mAnate, jise prApta kara lene para, jIvAtmA ko punaH saMsAra meM na AnA pdd'e| (7) sAMkhyadarzana bhI mokSa meM 'sattva' guNarUpA 'buddhi' kI sattA mAnatA hai| jisase usakA 'puruSa' samagrataH 'jJa' ke svarUpa ko prApta nahIM kara paataa| balki, vaha vahA~ prakRti se parAGa mukha rahakara bhI, eka taraha se usase saMzliSTa hI rahatA hai|| (8) advaitavedAnta meM saba kucha brahmarUpa mAnA gayA hai| phira mAyA se, aura jagat ke asat rUpa saMzliSTa rahane para bhI 'AtmA' kI koI hAni nahIM mAnI jAnI caahie| kintu, yaha vAstavikatA nahIM jAna par3atI ki sArA kA sArA jagat brahmarUpa hI hai / yadi sArA vizva brahmarUpa hI hotA, to brahmarUpa jagat/mAyA kA abhAva kaise ho sakatA hai ? yadi usakA abhAva mAna liyA jAye, to brahma ke bhI abhAva kA prasaMga upasthita ho jAtA hai| ) jainadarzana ne jIva-ajIva kI tarka-saMgata bheda-kalpanA kI hai| cetana meM acetana ke sammilana kI nyUnAdhikatA ke anusAra, usane AtmA ke guNAtmaka vikAsa ke sopAnoM kI vivecanA kI hai| vaha mAnatA hai, ki jisa 'jIva' meM jitanI mAtrA meM 'acetana' kA adhika aMza hogA, vaha Atmika guNoM ke vikAsa krama meM, utanA hI pIche rahegA / aura jisa 'jIva' meM 'acetana' kA aMza jitanI mAtrA meM nyUnatama kama hotA calA jAyegA, vaha Atmika guNoM kI vikAsa-prakriyA meM, utanA hI Age/Upara pahu~catA jAyegA / acetana ke adhika aMza vAle jIva ko 'mokSa' prApta kara pAnA, adhika muzkila hotA hai| kintu, nyUna/kama aMza vAlA 'jIvAtmA' zIghra hI mokSa prApta kara sakatA hai| daraasala, jainadarzana, 'jIva' ko cetana-acetana kI mizrita avasthA mAnatA hai| jisa dina/kSaNa, usameM se acetana kA sarvAMzataH nirgama/pRthaktva ho jAtA hai, usI dina/kSaNa, vaha jIva, saMsAra se 'mukta' ho jAtA hai / aura mukta AtmA meM phira dubArA acetana kA praveza nahIM ho pAtA; jainadArzanika mAnyatA kA yaha mahattvapUrNa/ujjvala pakSa hai| bhAratIya dArzanika sAhitya kA avalokana karane se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki prAyaH sabhI dArzanika, 'AtmA' aura 'mokSa' ke svarUpa kI vivecanA, alaga-alaga taraha se karate Aye haiN| jarUrata isa bAta kI hai, inake pArasparika virodha/matavaibhinya para Agraha-buddhi na rakhakara, usameM sApekSa/samanvita dRSTi se praveza kiyA jAye, to hara Atmacintaka/zodhArthI ke liye, yaha zreyaskara vidhi siddha ho skegii| 22 | caturtha khaNDa : jaina darzana, itihAsa aura sAhitya ... ptemediemen .. www.jainer ::